Clavi Trabales OR NAILES FASTNED by some Great MASTERS of ASSEMBLYES Confirming The KINGS SUPREMACY The SUBJECTS Duty Church Government by BISHOPS The Particulars of which are as followeth I. Two Speeches of the late LORD PRIMATE USHERS The one of the Kings Supremacy The other of the Duty of Subjects to supply the Kings Necessities II. His Judgment and Practice in Point of Loyalty Episcopacy Liturgy and Constitutions of the Church of England III. Mr. HOOKERS Judgment of the Kings Power in matters of Religion advancement of Bishops c. IV. Bishop ANDREWS of Church-Government c. both confirmed and enlarged by the said PRIMATE V. A Letter of Dr HADRIANUS SARAVIA of the like Subjects Unto which is added a Sermon of REGAL POVVER and the Novelty of the DOCTRINE of RESISTANCE Also a Preface by the Right Reverend Father in God the Lord Bishop of LINCOLNE Published by Nicholas Bernard Doctor of Divinity and Rector of whit-Whit-church in Shropshire Si totus orbis adversum me conjuraret ut quid quam moliret adversus Regiam Majestatem ego tamen Deum 〈◊〉 ordinatum ab eo Regem offendere temere non auderem Bern. Ep. 170. ad Ludovicem Regem An. 11â—0 London Printed by R. Hodkginson and are to be sold by R. Marriot at his Shop in St. Dunstans Church-yard in Fleetstreet 1661. THE PREFACE THese two learned Speeches of the late Lord Primate Usher have been by some prudent persons judged seasonable to be thus published together The one Of the Kings Supremacy may not only be instructive to those of the Church of Rome but to some of our own Communion who have been and are too scanty in the acknowledgment of it The other Of the duty of Subjects to supply the Kings necessities was occasioned by the slowness in Ireland of contributing to the King for the maintenance of the Army continued there for their own defence the great imprudence of which parsimony we felt to our own loss not many years after wherein that distinction in point of Loyalty made between those descended of the antient English race though differing from us in point of Religion and those of the meer Irish which is there much enlarged may be now worthy of observation The whole Speech is full of Loyalty Prudence and Learning for which as he had his late Majesties of Blessed Memory gracious thanks so he had as little from others who were then as backward in assenting to the like Propositions here conceiving he had pressed their duty too high in that point Both these Speeches thus tending to the defence of Regal Power and the duty of Subjects hath in submission to the judgments of those whom I much reverence occasioned the putting forth a Sermon of mine upon the like Subject which I have the rather adventured so near this eminent Primate as having had his approbation occasioned by the censure of some at Dublin anno 1642. when it was first delivered of which more is said in an Advertisement before it Hereupon I have been further induced unto a vindication of the said most eminent Prelate not only of His Judgment in this Subject but in point of Episcopacy Liturgy and Constitutions of the Church of England from the various misapprehensions of such who being of different opinions the great respect given him by the one hath been a scandal to the other But by this impartial relation of his Judgment and Practice in each it may be hoped that both sorts will be so fully satisfyed as to unite in the exemplary observance of that Piety Loyalty Conformity and Humility found in him And whereas some do much appeal to that Accommodation of his in relation to Episcopacy wherein he was not single proposed Anno 1640. which then they did not hearken unto they are herein remembred what was that which caused it even the pressing violence of those times threatning the destruction of the whole with the sole end of it a pacification whose readiness in yielding up so much of his own Interest then for the tranquility of the Church like Jonas willing to be cast overboard for the stilling of the Tempest would be worthy of all our Imitations now The appeale here is from that Storm unto what his practice was in calme and peaceable times which if followed would give a check to most of those disputes which have of late taken up so much time amongst us The Fruite expected to be reaped from this declaration besides the satisfaction of mine own mind which was not at rest without it is the due honor of him for whose I am oblieged to sacrifice mine own That as he is admired abroad so he may not want that love and general esteem he hath deserved at home And as the peace and unity of the Church was studied by him in his life time so there might not be the least breach continued by a misapprehension of him after his death And surely if such of us who think him worthy of being our copy would but now upon the sight of this writ after him the Arke of our Church would cease to be tossed too and fro in this floating uncertain condition and immediately rest upon firm ground Heretofore having an occasion to vindicate this most Learned Primate in point of Doctrine so unhappy often are persons of his eminency as after their deaths to be challenged Patrons to contrary partyes I had An. 1658. a Letter of Thanks from the late Reverend Bishop of Durham Bishop Morton in these wordes viz. I acknowledge hereby my obligation of Thankfulness to you not only for the book it self but especially for your pains in vindicating that admirable Saint of God and Starr primae magnitudinis in the Church of God the Primate of Armagh c. In which high esteem of the Primate the now Reverend Bish. of Durham succeeds him who hath often signified it in divers of his Letters which I receiued from Paris to that purpose Hereunto two other Treatises have been thought fit to be added mentioned in the foresaid vindication but then not intended to be published which the Eminent Primate had a hand in The one Mr. Hookers Judgment of Regal Power in Matters of Religion the advancement of Bishops and the Kings Exemption from censure c. Left out of the common copyes inlarged and confirmed by the Primate all the marginal notes of the quotations out of the Fathers being under his own hand are noted with this mark* The other a Treatise of the Form of Church Government before and after Christ c. The main aime of it is to shew that the Government of the Christian Church established by the Apostles under the New Testament was according to the pattern of that in the Old then which scarce any book in so little speaks so much for the preheminency of Episcopacy It first appeared Anno 1641. under the Title of the rude draughts of Bishop Andrews which though I was in doubt of by the contrary opinion of an
of words used by the Bishop in the Ordination of the Church of England His sufferings for it The right sense of that gradual superiority of a Bishop above a Presbyter His confirmation of Books tending to the Preheminency of Episcopacy 3. Of the Liturgy His dayly observing of the Book of Common-prayer At Drogheda the Service sung upon Sundays before him as in Cathedrais of England His observing of the Ceremonies and causing them so to be His pains in reducing and satisfying the scrupulous His Constancy in the above-mentioned to the last The falsehood of some Pamphlets since his death Some specialties observed in him as to decency and Reverence in the Church at publick prayer c. 4. The Constitutions and Canons c. His subscription to the 3. Articles in the 36. cap. of the book of the Canons of England The severity put in with his own hand in the first Canon of Ireland against such as should refuse to subscribe to the Articles of England Observation of the annual Festivals Good-Friday c. Confirmation of Children Church Catechisme Canonical decency of Apparrel in the Clergie Consecration of Churches c. IV. Mr. Hookers Judgment confirmed by the Primate 1. The Kings power in matters of Religion 2. Of his Power in advancement of Bishops to their Rooms of Prelacy 3. The King exempt from Censure and other Iudicial power V. Bishop Andrews Judgment as it is conceived of Church Government before and after Christ c. confirmed and enlarged by the Primate In the Old Testament 1. Before the Law 2. Under Moses 3. Among the Priests 4. Under Joshua 5. Under David where is much added by the Primate 6. Under Nehemiah A Recapitulation of the whole c. with some new enlargements by the supposed Author answering the objections made against having the like government now and giving reasons why it may be now In the New Testament 1. In the time of our Sáviour 2. In the dayes of the Apostles and after Of Deacons Evangelists Priests and Bishops Of the persons executing those Offices Of the promiscuous use of their names The use of the Bishops office and the charge committed to him The choice of persons to their Callings VI. A Letter of Dr. Hadrianus de Saravia to the Island of Garnzay Of the first Reformation in the Island Subjection to Episcopal Iurisdiction Difference in the Case between them and France and the Low-Countries Their Synodicall meetings not justifiable The Kings Power in making of a Law Of Ordination otherwise then by Bishops Of the Scotch Reformation D. Hadr. Saravia with other learned mens Subscriptions to the Articles and Liturgy of the Church of England A Pamphlet printed under the name of the late Archbishop of Armagh coucerning the Liturgy and Church Government declared to be none of his As he hath been also injured and is still by another Book intituled a Method of Meditation or a Manual of Divine Duties which though by his own direction in his life time 1651. I did in his name declare to be none of his but falsly put upon him and have done so twice since his death yet is still reprinted and sold up and down as his to the great injury of him The late Lord Primate Ushers Iudgment of the signe of the Cross in Baptisme confirmed by the Bishop of Lincoln in his Preface VII The Contents of the Sermon Regal Power of Gods Ordination That of 1 Pet. 2. 13. Submit your selves to every Ordinance of man c. Answered Sauls Election not by the People Difference in Religion quits not the due of Obedience The Novelty of the Doctrine of Resistance The Pharisies the first among the Iews The Arguments for it taken out of Bellarmine and the Jesuites which many other Writers of the Church of Rome do contradict The Antient Fathers Loyalty to the worst of Emperors 1. Constantly praying for them Tertullian c. 2. Not giving the least Offence in word or writing St. Hillary Nazianzen c. 3. Not stirring up the people in their own defence St. Augustines Commendation of the Christians under Julian Tertullians under Severus St. Ambrose Athanasius and others That Evasion viz. That the Christians then wanted Power to resist cleared out of Eusebius Tertullian St. Ambross Theodoret Rebellion always found the Ruine of the Actors The Speech of Rodolphus upon his mortal wound in taking up Armes against the Emperor A Conclusive Application An Animadvertisement SUch of the Bishops and Clergy as by Gods Mercy escaped with their Lives to Dublin in that Bloody Rebellion in Ireland Anno 1641. and 1642. did conceive fitting at a so great though sad meeting to have somewhat like a Commencement in that University The Doctors part pro gradu was the Concio ad clerum The Text Rom. 13. 2. was taken out of the Epistle appointed for the day being the Tuesday after the Fourth Sunday after the Epiphany The day according to that account of the late Kings of Blessed Memory murder The Doctrine delivered was then so offensive to some potent persons newly landed that he was forced to send a Copy to the L. Primate Usher who gave his approbation of it And upon the Thirtieth of Ianuary last 1660. the day of Humiliation for the abovesaid Murder it was preached in English at the Honorable Society of Grayes-Inn London The Intention was to have published it in that Language it had its first being but by the Printers Experiment of the slowness of the Sale in that as the better suiting with these other Tracts and that the Profit intended would be of a farther extent the latter was resolved of ERRATA PAge 24. line 29. read the. p. 25. l. 8. r. 2. marg l. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 27. l. 3. r. him l. 4. thee p. 29. l. 19 r. thus p. 31. 10. Jehu p. 39. marg l. 1. r. Julianus l. 5. r iniquus p. 40. marg l. 27. r. fletibus l. 35. r. injuriam p. 45. marg l. 6. r. pontisicumque p. 43. l. 24. dele for marg l. 8. r. per regiam 52. l. 31. r. waited p. 56. l. 20. r. calls p. 60. l. 9. r. commendam p. 81. 6. r. consecratus l. 7. r. gratias p. 90. l. 9. r. scarce l. 10. r. inexcusablae p. 95. 11. r. 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in regard their ignorance of thus much might still occasion it is one cause of my enlargement upon it but so much in relation to his Loyalty whereof he was an eminent Patterne His Judgment and Practice in point of Episcopacy FOr Episcopacy first in his Judgment he was a full assertor of it which appears in those Learned Tractates of the Original of Bishops and that of the Lydian Asia where he doth not only deduce Episcopacy from the Apostolique times but also the Metropolitans or arch-Arch-Bishops to have been accordingly from the superscription of St. John to the Seven Churches each of which Citys being Metropolitical and the rest of the Citys of Asia as daughters under them for the confirmation of which he hath given such strong probabilities that 't will be hard to gainsay them Secondly for his Practice I can witness his constant exercise of the Jurisdiction of it or his causing it so to be exercised throughout his Diocess and Province while those quiet times in Ireland did permit it In all which a Learned and Prudent Divine was his Chancellor or Vicar-General and afterwards a Bishop Bishop SINe one known to have been as much for the Government and Constitutions of the Church of England as any person whatsoever As for that of his Reduction of Episcopacy to the form of Synodical Government c. presented to his late Majeof Blessed Memory Anno 1641. It is to be considered how it was occasioned by the present Tempestuous Violence of the Times as an accommodation by way of Prevention of a totall Shipwrack threatned by the Adversaries of it as appears sufficiently by the Title before it viz. Proposed in the year 1641. as an expedient for the prevention of those troubles which afterwards did arise in matter of Church Government c. Now what can this in the sense of any prudent unbiassed person prejudice him in his Judgment or Affection to Episcopacy it self which rather confirms it The Marchant parts with that in a Storme that he would not have done in a Calme and at shore recruits himself with the like goods again St. Paul in that Wracke Acts 27. consented not only to the lightning of the Ship of the lading but of the Tackling also We cast them out saith he or St. Luke with our own hands and all for the saving if it were possible of the Ship and the Passengers in it That of the same Apostle in another case I think it fit for the present necessity might in some measure in this particular be the Primates Application wherein he was not singular neither Unto which I can add this further confirmation that for those many years I had the happines to be known unto him in those serene times before these troubles arose to the disturbance of Episcopacy I never heard him mentioning any thing by way of alteration that way in those Proposals there specified so that the sole occasion and end of them must be as afore-said And for these 4. Propositions they were only present prudentiall representations left to the Judgment and correction of others without any Magisterial Imposition of them as a Copy to be writ after and as they were not published till an imperfect Copy invited unto it so the real intent of it was by that Conjunction of both parties in Ecclesiasticall Government to have the easier way prepared to their union in the civil even an unanimous endeavour for his Majesties happy Restauration now through Gods great goodness wonderfully accomplished for which as none prayed more zealously so none could have exceeded the Primates in the joy for it had he lived to see it For the form of words used by the Bishop in the ordination of the Church of England he did much approve thereof viz. Receive the Holy Ghost Whose sins thou remittest are remitted and whose sins thou retainest are retained and be thou a faithfull dispenser of the Word and Sacraments c. And the delivering of the Bible into the hands of the person ordained saying Take thou authority to preach the word of God and administer the Sacraments c. Which being wholly omitted in that of the Presbyterian way and no other words to that sense used in their room and thereupon no express transmission of ministeriall Power he was wont to say that such an Imposition of hands by some called the Seal of Ordination without a Commision annexed seemed to him to be as the putting of a seal to a blank That the scruple was not only in the instrumentall cause but in the formall and that if a Bishop had been present and done no more the same query might have been of the validity of it And in his letter to me which hath been published he hath declared the Ordination made by such Presbyters as have severed themselves from their Bishops unto whom they had sworn Canonicall obedience cannot be excused from being Schismaticall For that of a gradual superiority of a Bishop above a Presbyter which some have been offended at 1. It is the language of Archbishop Whitgift in the defence of the Answer to the Admonition Tract 8. p. 383. that Episcopus is commonly used for that Priest that is in degree over and above the rest c. But secondly howsoever if so that the gradus be granted to be of Apostolicall constitution which is the Primats sense I do not see how it any more takes off from the Preheminence and Authority of Episcopacy then the denomination of Lights given in common by Moses to all in the Firmament detracts from the Sun whom he call only the greater from whom the rest derive theirs and is the Ruler of the day Or that of the first-born among his brethren who by his Primogeniture had the supremacy of Dignity and Power to whom the rest must bow and he was to rule over them The distinction in both is but gradual The Primate hath also elsewere derived the form of Church Government under the New Testament from the Pattern prescribed by God in the Old and shews how it was from the Imitation thereof brought in by the Apostles Now though the Distinction of the Chief or High-Priest and the other inferiour Priests was but gradual yet there being so great a distance between them the Chief-Priest having rule over the rest called by the 70. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 there shall not need any further instance to illustrate it And whereas there hath been a learned tractate some years agone published entitled the form of Church government before and after Christ as it is expressed in the Old and New Testament which then went under the name of Bishop Andrews I found a Manuscript of it among the Primates Papers wherein the Author upon a review hath ordered some things to be altered added or taken away and some to be further inquired into according as the marks make reference unto several Pages of it This I found accordingly
saith of the Christian Church under the Gentiles that he will take of the Gentiles and make them Priests and Levites to himself Esa. 66. 22. there calling our Presbyters and Deacons by those Legall names III. That there is an Agreemen in the Numbers XII Numb 1. 16. and Luk. 9. 8. LXX Numb 11. 16. and Luk. 10. 1. Names Angell Mal. 2. 7. and Rev. 1. 10. Degreers Aaron Answerable unto Christ. Eleazar Archbishops Princes of Priests Bishops Priests Presbyters Princes of Levites Archdeacons Levites Deacons Nethinims Clerks Sextons * And their often enterchange and indifferent using of Priest or Presbyter Levite or Deacon sheweth They presumed a Correspondence and Agreement between them The FORM OF Church Government In the NEW TESTAMENT And first in the days of our Saviour Christ. 1. THE whole Ministrie of the New Testament was at the first invested in Christ alone He is termed our Apostle Heb. 3. 1. Prophet Deut. 18. 15. Act. 3. 22. Evangelist Esa. 41. 27. Bishop and * Pastor 1 Pet. 2. 25. Doctor Mat. 23. 10. Deacon Rom. 15. 8. II. When the Harvest was great Mat. 9. 38. that his Personall presence could not attend all he took unto him XII as the XII Patriarchs or XII Fountains as St Jerome or the XII Princes of the Tribes Num. 1. Gathering his Disciples Mat. 10. 1. Choosing out of them Luke 6. 13. Whom he would Mark. 3. 13. He called them to him Luke 6. 13. Made them Mark 3. 13. Named them Apostles Luke 6. 13. These he began to send Mark 6. 7. Gave them in charge Matt. 10. 1. and 11. 1. To preach the Gospel Luke 9. 2. To heal Matt. 10. 1. Luke 9. 2. To cast out Devils Matt. 10. 1. Gave them Power To take maintenance Matt. 10. 10. Luke 9. 2. To shake off the dust for a witness Matt. 10. 14. So he sent them Matt. 10. 5. Luke 9. 1. They went and preached Luke 9. 6. They returned and made relation What they had Done Taught Mark 6. 30. III. After this when the Harvest grew so great as that the XII sufficed not all Luke 10. 1 2. he took unto him other LXX as the 70. Palm trees Num. 33. 9. the Fathers of Families Gen. 46. the Elders Num. 11. These he Declared Luke 10. 1. Sent by two and two into every City and place whether he himself would come ibid. Gave them power as to the Apostle to Take maintenance Luke 10 7. Shake off dust Luke 10. 11. Heal the sick Preach Luke 10. 19. Tread upon serpents and scorpions and over all the power of the Enemy Luke 10. 19. These two Orders as I think St. Paul Ephes. 3. 5. doth comprehend under the name of Apostles and Prophets by the LXX understanding Prophets as wheresoever they are both mentioned together next to the Apostles he placeth Prophets 1 Corinth 12. 28. Eph. 4. 11. None of the Fathers ever doubted that these two were two several Orders or Sorts nor that the Apostles were superior to the LXX It appeareth also that the Apostles had in them power to forbid to preach Luke 9. 49. and that Matthias was exalted from the other order to the Apostleship This was then the Order while Christ was upon the earth I. Christ himself II. The XII were sent to all Nations Their successors were Bishops placed and setled in several Nations III. The LXX were sent by Christ to the particular Cities of the Jewes to prepare them for Christ with his Apostles comming to them Their Successors were Presbyters placed in particular Cities and Towns by the Apostles that they might prepare the hearts of many Christians for the receipt and employment of an Angel or Bishop over the severall Presbyters IV. The faithfull people or Disciples of whom 500. and more are mentioned in 1 Corinth 15. 6. * though at the time of the electing of Matthias and the Holy Ghost's descending there were but CXX present Acts 1. 15. The Form of Government used in the time of the APOSTLES ALbeit Christ saith the people were as Sheep without a Shepheard Mat. 9. 38. yet he termeth his Apostles Harvest-men not Shepheards for while he was in person on earth himself only was the Shepheard And they but Arietes Gregis but at his departure he maketh them Shepheards John 21. 15. as they likewise others at theirs 1 Pet. 5. 2. Acts 28. Of the APOSTLES themselves and first of their names Shelicha which is the Syrian name was the title of certain Legats or Commissioners sent from the High-Priest to visit the Jews and their Synagogues which were dispersed in other Countries with authority to redress things amiss 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 among the Greeks were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 into Delphos an Office of great credit as by Herodotus and Demosthenes appeareth Secondly of their form what it is Not to have been with Christ all his life time Acts 1. 21. so were others more Not to be sent immediately of Christ Gal. 1. 1. so were the LXX Luke 10. Not to be limitted to one place Matt. 28. 19. sowere others Luke 24. 33. 50. Not to be inspired of God so that they did not erre so were Mark and Luke Not to plant Churches so did Phillip the Evange-list Acts 8. 5. Not to work signes and Miracles So did Stephen Acts. 6. 8. and Philip Acts 8. 6. But over and above these or with these that emnient authority or Jurisdiction which they had over all not only joyntly together but every one * severally by himself I. Of Imposing hands in Ordination Acts 6. 6 Confirmation Acts 8. 17. 18. II. Of Commanding the word of the Bench Acts 4. 18. 5. 28. Of Caesars Acts 18. 2. The word of Gods command 1 Cor. 9. 14. 1 Thess. 4. 11. 2 Thess. 3. 6. 12. Of Christs Acts 1 2 4. Of the Prophets Acts 5. 32. Of the Apostles Phil. 8. The Apostles ordained matters in Churches 1 Cor. 7. 17. 11. 34 The Commandments of the Apostles of Christ the Lord are to be kept 1 Cor. 14. 37. 2 Pet. 3. 2. III. Of Countermanding Luke 9. 49. Acts. 15. 24. 1 Tim. 2. 12. IV. Of Censuring Virga 1 Cor. 4. 21. 2 Cor. 13. 10. Gladius Gal. 5. 12. Tradendi Satanae 1. Cor. 5. 5. 11. 1 Tim. 1. 20. Claves Matt. 16. 19. Sit tibi with 18. 18. and John 20. 23. In this power it is that the Bishops succeed the Apostles 1. Iren. lib. 3. cap. 3. 2. Tertul. de praescript 3. 3. Cyprian ad Plorent 3. 9. 4. Epiphan Haeres 27. Romae fuerunt primi Pettus Paulus Apostoli udem ac Episcopi 2. Chrysost. in Act 3. Jacobus Episcopus fuit Hierosolimae 6. Hieronym Epist. 85. 54. ad Marcellam de Montano de scriptoribus Ecclesiast in Petro Jacobo 7. Ambrose in 1 Corinth 11. de Angelis in Eph. 4. Apostoli Episcopi sunt Of Deacons At the beginning the whole weight of the Churches affairs lay upon the Apostles The Distribution As well of the
government under which we live I consider the state of England and that of the Islands and the dignity of Bishops and the condition of the other Ministers of the Church such as it is at this day In Scotland for the time present the State hath otherwise provided but not in England and therefore ye ought not to take example by them as though your State were like theirs I hear that your Governor hath taken order about Wills and appointed one to prove them But I cannot conceive how that may be done without Episcopal Jurisdiction conferred by the Bishop Your Governour I know hath power to present to the Bishop a man proper to execute this authority of the Bishop in his name Likewise the Governor as Patron of the Churches and Parishes of his Government upon the vacancy of any living ought to present by such a time a man well qualified to succeed in the Office of a Pastour but the admission and induction of such a charge belongs to your Bishop and to no body else If I be well informed you observe nothing of all this which if it be so you 'l never be able to justifie it The example of the French Churches and of the Low-Countries doe you no good Your case is quite another They have Laws from their Soveraigns and particular places for themselves but all that you doe is contrary to the Laws and Ordinance of the King your Soveraign You hold Synodicall meetings wherein you make Statutes about the Government of the Church unto which you bind your selves and the rest that are naturall Subjects to the King wherein you unsensibly derogate from his authority The Synods of the Arch-bishops and Bishops together with the rest of the Clergy of this Realm dare not presume that which you doe nor attribute to their Canons and Statutes what you attribute to yours Yet the Assembly of Bishops and of their Clergie is of men far otherwise qualified then some dozen of the Ministers of your Islands to judge and discern what belongs to the edification of the Church their Decrees nevertheless are of no authority to tye unto them those of this Realm till the King yea in his own person have approved them and by Proclamation made them his There is no body in his Realm nor in any of his Dominions that hath power to enact Laws and Decrees but himself The Parliaments authority is great but without the Kings assent nothing takes the rigour of Law I know very vell that at the perswasion of the Ministers your Governours and others that were present to your Synods have subscribed and acknowledged your Synodicall Acts they did it even in my time but their power doth not stretch so far That may bring a greater prejudice to themselves then give force of Ecclesiasticall Law to your Decrees I doe not think that his Majesty being well informed will grant unto your Ministers or Governours of your Islands such authority They will be more pernicious to you then youthink You 'l alledge me I know your Priviledges but I dare boldly answer you that you never had any such priviledges I have read them and have the copies of them and they say that in matters Civil you shall be governed by the ancient Coustumier of Normandy and that you are not subject to the Statutes of the Parliament in such matters nor to the Subsidies other charges and impositions that are raised in England except which God forbid ever should come to pass the King were detained Prisoner by the Enemy In matters Ecclesiasticall you are freed from the Bishop of Constance and under that of Winchester yea even of old by the Popes authority and consent of the two Kings from whom also in part your neutrality in times of warre is approved excommunicating all such as would molest you Ye cannot shew concerning your priviledges but only what is renewed as often as there is a new King And for the Patent which you say you have procured from his Majesty for matters of Religion First it is in generall terms and without any clause derogating from the authority of your Bishops Secondly if it be questioned it may be told you that it was surreptitious and granted you before the King was well informed of the business To conclude you must understand that in matters of Religion the Kings Majesty will doe nothing without the counsell and advice of the Arch-bishop and your Bishop of Winchester wherefore you may doe well to insinuate your selves in their favour and conform your selves to them as we have done in the beginning You may reduce the Decrees of the Church of England and the use of the book of prayers to a good and Christian Discipline farre more solid and better grounded then that for which ye so earnestly bestirre your selves I must addone word more which will be hard of digestion This is it that you may be upbraided that as many Ministers that are naturall of the Countrey being not made Ministers of the Church by your Bishop nor by his Demissories nor by any other according to the order of the English Church you are not true and lawfull Ministers Likewise that as many among you as have not taken institution and induction into your Parishes from the Bishop nor from his Substitute lawfully ordained and authorised so to doe ye are come in by intrusion and usurpation of cure of Souls which no body could give you but your Bishop that is in terms and words Evangelicall that you are not come into the Sheep-fold by the door but by elsewhere and that by the Ecclesiasiastical Laws you are excommunicants and Schismaticks I know well enough you do not regard such Laws and think that your Priviledges will exempt you from them wherein you greatly deceive your selves For a man may tell you who are yee that would have your Ecclesiastical Decrees made by Private Authority to have force of Laws and dare scorn and reject those of the English Church made by Publick Authority by farre honester men greater Scholars without comparison more learned and farre more in number then you are The Kings Majesty by his Royall authority hath approved them this Realm hath received them But what are your Synodall Decrees who be the Authors of them and who be they that have approved them 'T is winkt at and your ignorance is born with but think not that that which is born in you be any such thing as vertue Your Priviledges do not stretch so far as that you may make Ecclesiasticall Decrees Had it been so the Priests had retained Mass and Poperie In that you hold a contrary course to that of the English Church whereof you are and must be if you be Englishmen Members it proceeds from nothing else but from the connivence and indulgence of your Governors who have given too much credit to the French Ministers and partly in the beginning to the stubborness of the Papists of the Islands When your Governors shall have a liking to
the English Reformation then will they make you leave the French Reformation You fail against wind and tyde you think that the Governors you shall have hereafter will be like Sir Tho. Layton you are deceived Though this day you had compassed your wish to morrow or the next day after at your Governors pleasure all shall be marred again Finally the Ecclesiasticall Government which you aske hath no ground at all upon Gods word 'T is altogether unknown to the Fathers who in matter of Christian Discipline and censure of manners were more zealous and precise then we are But you cannot of all the learned and pious antiquity shew one example of the Discipline or Ecclesiasticall order which you hold as your Bishop in his book of the perpetuall government of the Sonne of Gods Church doth learnedly teach I pass over what I have my self written concerning it in my book De diversis Ministrorum gradibus and in my Defence against the Answer of Mr. Beza and more largely in my Confutation of his book De triplicigenere Episcoporum I cannot wonder enough at the Scotchmen who could be perswaded to abolish and reject the state of Bishops by reasons so ill grounded partly false partly of no moment at all and altogether unworthy a man of such fame If the Scots had not more sought after the temporal means of Bishops then after true Reformation never had Mr. Beza's Book perswaded them to do what they have done And I assure you that your opinion concerning the government of the Church seems plausible unto great men but for two reasons the one is to prey upon the goods of the Church the other for to keep it under the Revenues and authority of Bishops being once taken away For the form of your discipline is such that it will never be approved of by a wise and discreet supreme Magistrate who knows how to govern Ye see not the faults you commit in your proceedings as well Consistoriall as Synodals men well versed in the Lawes and in government do observe them But they contemn them so long as they have the law in their own hands and that it is far easier for them to frustrate them regard neither Consistorie nor Synodes then for you to command and make Decrees Were your Discipline armed with power as the Inquisition of Spain is it would surpass it in tyranny The Episcopall authority is Canonical that is so limitted and enclosed within the bounds of the Statutes and Canons of the Church that it can command nothing without Law much less contrary to Law And the Bishop is but the Keeper of the Lawes to cause them to be observed and to punish the transgressors of your Consistories and Synodes For the present I will say no more only take notice of this that it is not likely the King who knows what Consistories and Synodes be will grant that to the Islands which doth displease him in Scotland This Gentlemen and Brethren have I thought good to write vnto you intreating you to take it well as comming from him that loves the Islands and the good and edification of the Church of Christ as much as you can doe Upon this occasion I have thought fit to add thus much concerning Dr. Hadrianus Saravia HIs learning is sufficiently known by his works his judgement in relation to the Liturgy and Discipline of the Church of England is declared by this Letter which doth further appear by his Subscriptions following 1. In Queen Elizabeth's time the form required was in these words We whose names are here underwritten do Declare and unfainedly Testify our assent to all and singular the Articles of Religion and the Confession of the true Christian Faith and the Doctrine of the Sacraments comprized in a book imprinted intituled Articles whereupon it was agreed by the Arch-bishops and Bishops of both Provinces and the whole Clergy in the Convocation holden at London in the year of our Lord God 1562. according to the computation of the Church of England for the avoiding of the diversities of opinions and for the establishing of Consent touching true Religion put forth by the Queens Authority And in testimony of such our Assents we have hereunto subscribed our names with our own proper hands as hereafter followeth Unto this Doctor Hadrianus de Saravia the sixth Prebend of the Church of Canterbury being conferred upon him subscribes in these words Per me Hadrianum de Saravia Sacrae Theologiae Professorem cui sexta Prebenda in Ecclesia Cathedrali Christi Cantuariens conferenda est sexto December is 1595. Wherein I find he did immediately succeed Doctor Whitaker whose Subscription is in these words viz. Per me Gulielmum Whitaker sacrae Theologiae Doctorem ejusdemque Professorem Regium in Academia Cantabrigiensi cui sexta Praebenda in Ecclesia Cathedrali Chrstl Cantuarens conferenda est Decimo Maii 1595. According unto which I find Mr. John Dod of Hanwell in Oxfordshire who wrot upon the Commandements to have subscribed in these words Per me Johannem Dod in Artibus Magistrum praesentatum ad Ecclesiam de Hanwell Oxon. Dioces 28. Julii 1585. unto whom abundance more and about that time might be added Mr. Richard Rogers Doctor Reynolds of Oxford c. among whom it pleased me to find the hand of the Reverend and Learned Mr. Hooker thus subscribing Per me Richardum Hooker Clericum in Artibus Magistrum praesentatum ad Canonicatum et Praebendam de Neather-haven in Ecclesia Cathedrali Sarum 17. Julii 1591. 2. In King Jame's time and since the form of the Subscription was thus To the three Articles mentioned in the 36. Chapter of the Book of Canons First that the Kings Majesty under God is the only supreme Governor of this Realm and of all other his Highness Dominions and Countries as well in all Spirituall or Ecclesiasticall things or Causes as Temporall and that no foraign Prince Person Prelate State or Potentate hath or ought to have any Jurisdiction Power Superiority Preheminence or Authority Ecclesiasticall or Spirituall within his Majesties said Realms Dominions and Territories That the Book of Common Prayer and of Ordering of Bishops Priests and Deacons containeth in it nothing contrary to the word of God and that it may lawfully so be used and that he himself will use the form in the said book prescribed in publick prayer and administration of the Sacraments and none other That he alloweth the book of Articles of Religion agreed upon by the Arch-bishops and Bishops of both Provinces and the Clergy in the Convocation holden at London in the year of our Lord One thousand five hundred sixty and two And that he acknowledgeth all and every the Articles therein contained being in number nine and thirty besides the Ratification to be agreeable to the word of God To these three Articles Doctor Hadrianus de Saravia being instituted unto the Rectory of Great Chart in the Diocess of Canterbury anno 1609. subscribes in these words Ego Hadrianus
other laying hold on the body and the things belonging thereunto The one having speciall reference to the Judgment of the world to come the other respecting the present retaining or loosing of some of the comforts of this Life That there is such a Civil Government as this in Causes Spiritual and Ecclesiasticall no man of Judgment can deny For must not Heresie for example be acknowledged to be a Cause meerly Spirituall or Ecclesiasticall and yet by what power is an Heretick put to death The Officers of the Church have no authority to take away the life of any man it must be done therefore per brachium seculare and consequently it must be yeelded without contradiction that the Tempor all Magistrate doth exercise therein a part of his Civil Government in punishing a crime that is of its own nature Spiritual or Ecclesiasticall But here it will be said the words of the Oath being generall that the King is the only supreme Governor of this Realm and of all other his Highness Dominions and Countries How may it appear that the power of the Civil Sword is only meant by that Government and that the power of the Keys is not comprebended therein I answer First that where a Civil Magistrate is affirmed to be the Governor of his own Dominions and Countries by common intendment this must needs be understood of a Civil-Government and may in no reason be extended to that which is meerly of another kind Secondly I say That where an Ambiguity is conceived to be in any part of an Oath it ought to be taken according to the understanding of him for whose satisfaction the Oath was ministred Now in the case it hath been sufficiently declared by publick authority that no other thing is meant by the Government here mentioned but that of the Civil Sword only For in the book of Articles agreed upon by the Arch-Bishop and Bishops and the whole Clergie in the Convocaetion holden at London Anno 1562. Thus we read Where we attribute to the Queens Majesty the Chief Government by which Titles we understand the minds of some standrous folkes to be offended we give not to our Princes the Ministring either of Gods word or of the Sacraments the which thing the Injunctions also lately set forth by Elizabeth our Queen doth most plainly testifie but that only prerogative which we see to have been given alwayes to all Godly Princes in holy Scriptures by God himself that is that they should rule all Estates and degrees committed to their Charge by God whether they be Ecclesiasticall or Temporall and restrain with the Civil Sword the stubbornand evill doers If it be here objected that the Authority of the Convocation is not a sufsicient ground for the Exposition of that which was enacted in Parliament I answer that these Articles stand confirmed not only by the Royall assent of the Prince for the establishing of whose Supremacy the Oath was framed but also by a speciall Act of Parliament which is to be found among the Statutes in the thirteenth yeer of Queen Elizabeth Cap. 12. Seeing therefore the makers of the Law have full authority to expound the Law and they have sufficiently manifested that by the Supream Government given to the Prince they understand that kind of Government only which is exercised with the Civil Sword I conclude that nothing can be more plaine then this that without all scruple of conscience the Kings Majesty may be acknowledged in this sense to be the only Supream Governor of all his Highness Dominions and Countrys as well in all Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Things or Causes as temporal and so have I cleered the first main branch of the Oath I come now unto the Second which is propounded negatively That no forreign Prince Person Prelate State or Potentate hath or ought to have any Jurisdiction Power Superiority Preheminence or Authority Ecclesiastical or Spiritual within this Realm The Forreiner that challengeth this Ecclesiastical or Spiritual Jurisdiction over us is the Bishop of Rome And the Title whereby he claimeth the Power over us is the same whereby he claimeth it over the whole world because he is St. Peters Successor for sooth And indeed if St. Peter himself had been now alive I should freely confess that he ought to have spiritual Authority and Superiority within this Kingdom But so would I say also if St. Andrew St. Bartholomew St. Thomas or any of the other Apostles had been alive for I know that their Commission was very large to go into all the world and to preach the Gospel unto every Creature So that in what part of the world soever they lived they could not be said to be out of their charge their Apostleship being a kind of an Universal Bishoprick If therefore the Bishop of Rome can prove himself to be one of this Rank the Oath must be amended and we must acknowledge that he hath Ecclesiastical Authority within this Realm True it is that our Lawyers in their yearly Books by the name of the Apostle do usually designe the Pope But if they had examined his Title to that Apostleship as they would try an Ordinary mans Title to a Piece of Land they might easily have found a number of Flaws and main defects therein for first it would be enquired whether the Apostleship was not ordained by our Saviour Christ as a special Commission which being personal only was to determine with the death of the first Apostles For howsoever at their first entry into the Execution of this Commission we find that Matthias was admitted to the Apostleship in the Roome of Judas yet afterwards when James the Brother of John was slain by Herod we do not read that any other was substituted in his place Nay we know that the Apostles generally left no Successors in this kind Neither did any of the Bishops he of Rome only excepted that sate in those famous Churches wherein the Apostles exercised their Ministry challenge an Apostleship or an Universal Bishoprick by vertue of that succession It would Secondly therefore be enquired what sound evidence they can produce to shew that one of the Company was to hold the Apostleship as it were in Fee for him and his Successors for ever and that the other Eleven should hold the same for Term of life only Thirdly if this State of perpetuity was to be cast upon one how came it to fall upon St. Peter rather then upon St. John who outlived all the rest of his Fellows and so as a Surviving Feoffee had the fairest Right to retain the same in himself and his Successors for ever Fourthly if that State were wholy setled upon St. Peter seeing the Romanists themselves acknowledge that he was Bishop of Antioch before he was Bishop of Rome We require them to shew why so great an Inheritance as this should descend unto the younger Brother as it were by Borough-English rather than to the Elder according to the ordinary manner of
jus sit dicendum prima regnandi fecisse fundamenta but after an Oath of an Allegiance the bonds are deposited in Gods hand so that the whole argumentation is both unchristian and irrational and rejected by us as the Doctrine of some Romanists which such as are so afraid to come neer them in any thing else should be as much deterred in this In a word as Kings receive their power from God so are we to leave them only unto God if they shall abuse it not but that they may and ought to be prudently and humbly reminded of their duties for which we have the example of the Primitive Fathers Bishops to the Emperors Constantius Constans and others introducing Arianism but yet without lifting up our hands against them in the least resistance of them which is the Judgement also of most of our Modern Orthodox Divines and even divers of the Writers of the Church of Rome who have stiffey contradicted the Jesuites assertions of the contrary one of each shall suffice 1. For those of ours Franciscus Junius thus determines All good men should bear even the most cruel injury from the magistrate rather then enveigh against him by word pen or action to the disturbance of order and the publick peace according to which see Luther lob de offic magistr Tom. 2. Brentius Hom. 27. in cap. 8. lib. 1. Sam. Melanthon Bucer Musculus Mathesius Erasmus and others 2. For those of the Church of Rome Gregorius Tholosanus Governours saith he are rather to be left to the Judgement of God then to defile our hands by a Rebellion against them God wants not means whereby he can when he pleaseth remove or amend them If there be an evil Government farre be it from us to revenge it by an evil obedience or to punish the sins of the King by our own sins but rather by a patient bearing to mollify the wrath of God who governs the hearts of Kings with his own hands c. And surely if it be a terrible thing for any man to fall into the hands of the living God much more is it to them who are only accomptable to him and the Justice of God hath been often notoriously manifested upon them in sacred story Abimelec Jeroboam Baasa Ahab both the Herods In Ecclesiasticall story Anastasius Julian Valens and others So much for holy writ Now secondly let me demonstrate this out of the antient-Fathers and practise of the Primitive Church in these three things 1. After the example of Jeremiah and Daniel for Nebuchadnezzar and St. Paul for Nero. 1 Tim. 2. We find the antient Fathers praying for the Emperors though of a different Religion and persecutors of the true Now to be at the same time praying for them and conspiring in any combinations against their government are inconsistent Tertulliau who lived under Severus the Emperor saith this in the name of the Christians we pray daily for the health of the Emperors c. That of Marcus Aurelius distress in his expedition into Germany when by the prayers of the Christian Legion as it was acknowledged by the heathen Rain was obtained in a great Drought and consequently a victory is sufficiently known They called not for fire from heaven to consume him and his Army according to that advice of Sanders the Jesuit in the like case lib. 2. cap. 4. de visib Monarch but for water to refresh both The Letters of the Fathers Synodi Ariminensis written to Constantius an Arrian are observable who asking him leave to return to their severall Diocesses give this for their reason That we may diligently pray for thy health Empire and peace which the mercifull God everlastingly bestow upon thee And in their second Letters asking the same request of him they say thus Again most glorious Emperor we beseech thee that before the sharpness of the Winter thou wouldst command our return to our Churches that we may as we have done and doe earnestly pray unto the Almighty God for the state of thy might with thy people How are they then to be abhorred who to a Christian pious Orthodox King stained neither with Vice nor Heresie temperate meek prudent gracious instead of prayers have returned menacies for a dutifull subjection Arrogant language if he yield not to every particular of their peremptory demands You shall not find the antient Fathers either by word or writing giving the least offence to the Emperors though Hereticks St. Hillary wrote two books against Constantius the Arrian yet stiles him Gloriosissimum Beatissimum nay Sanctum i. e. Ratione Imperii Non Religionis c. Nazianzen is found of the like temper in his Orations against Valens and Valentinian which are written throughout with all the Reverence and subjection that can be ezpected from a Subject to a Prince and yet Valens burnt fourscore Orthodox Bishops and Presbyters together in a ship and did other horrid Acts which Socrates tells us Oh the distance between the spirits of some men now dayes and those of the antient Church even as as far those excelled these in sanctimony of life integrity of Conversation piety and truth of Doctrine You shall ever find them exemplary in their obedience and subjection to the Emperors never stirring up the people to the least resistance or mutiny but appeasing them Excellently is that of St. Augustine of the Christians under Julian An Infidel Emperor a wicked Apostate The Faithfull souldiers served a faithless Emperor when it came to the Cause of Christ then they acknowledged no other then him that sits in heaven but in Millitary affairs when he said unto them bring forth your forces into the field goe against such a Nation presently they obeyed they distinguisht the Lord who is aeternal from him that is only temporall and yet were subject to the temporall Lord for his sake who is aeternall Tertullian affirms it as a high honour to Christianity that they could never find a Christian in any seditious conspiracy We are saith he defamed in relation to his Imperiall Majesty but yet they could never find any of us among the Albiniani Nigriani or Cassiani who had been some seditious parties against the Emperor That of St. Ambrose was both becomming a good Bishop and a Loyall Subject when he was commanded by the means of Justina the Empress who was an Arrian to deliver up the Churches of Millain to the use of the Arrians returned this answer to his people and to the Emperor Willingly I shall never do it but if compel'd I have not learned to fight I can weep my Tears are my Arms I neither can nor ought to resist otherwise Indeed by the desire of the Orthodox party he refused to give up the chief Church or his Cathedral to them but the detaining of it was with all possible humble representation by way of Petition for it with all the solicitous care that might be of preventing
were of greater scandal to the Church then that aptitude habitually attained unto by some could be of profit His Judgment of the Articles of Religion and practice of the Eeclesiastical Constitutions of the Church of England THe Articles of the Church of England as the Primat had long agon subscribed them so have I often heard him highly commending them The reception of which Articles in the First Canon of Ireland Anno 1634. He drew up himself with his own hand with an addition of a very severe punishment to such as should refuse to subscribe them as may appear in it Anno 1614. He was a principal person then appointed for the collecting and drawing up such Canons as might best concern the Discipline and Government of the Church of Ireland taken out of Queen Elizabeths Injunctions and the Canons of England to be treated upon by the arch-Arch-Bishops and Bishops and Clergy of that Kingdom some of which I have which were written then with his own hand and presented by him The two first of them were these 1. That no other Form of Liturgy or Divine Service shall be used in any Church of this Realm but that which is established by Law and comprized in the Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of Sacraments c. 2. That no other Form of Ordination shall be used in this Nation but which is contain'd in the Book of ordering of Bishops Priests and Deacons allowed by Authority and hitherto practiced in the Churches of England and Ireland c. And in his subscription in relation to the above mentioned it is in these words viz. I do acknowledge the Form of Gods Service prescribed in the book of Common-Prayer is good and godly and may lawfully be used and do promise that I my self will use the Form in the said Book prescribed in celebration of Divine Service and administration of the Sacraments and none other I do also acknowledge that such as are consecrated and ordered according to the form prescribed in the Book of Ordination set forth by Authority have truly received holy Orders and have Power given them to exercise all things belonging to that Sacred Function whereunto they are called c. For the now more perfect Canons of the Church of Ireland constituted Anno 1634. in the Convocation there whereof I was a Member most of them were taken out of these of England and he being then Primate had a principal hand in their collection and proposal to the reception of them the methodizing of all which into due order I have seen and have it by me written with his own hand throughout whereby 't is apparent what his Judgment was in relation to them The Annual Festivals of the Church he duly observed preaching upon their several Commemorations On Christmas-Day Easter Whitsunday he never fail'd of Communions that excellent Treatise of his Entituled The incarnation of the Son of God was the substance of two or three Sermons which I heard him preach in a Christmas time Good-Fryday he constantly kept very strictly preaching himself then upon the Passion beyond his ordinary time when we had the publick prayers in their utmost extent also and without any thought of a superstition he kept himself fasting till the Evening Confirmation of Children was often observed by him the first time he did it when a great number were presented to him by me he made a Speech to the Auditory to the satisfaction of all sorts of persons concerning the Antiquity and good use of it The publick Cathechism in the book of Common-Prayer was enjoyned by him to be only observed in the Church a part of which for a quarter or half an hour was constantly explained by me to the people every Sunday before evening Prayer himself being present which was also accordingly enjoyned throughout his Diocess He was much for that decent distinctive habit of the Clergy Cassocks Gowns Priests-Clokes c. according to the Canon in that behalf provided to be used by them in their walking or riding abroad which himself from his younger years always observed And in Anno 1634. that Canon of England of the decent Apparrel of Ministers was by his special approbation put in among those of Ireland Lastly though in our Constitutions there is no form appointed for the consecration of a Church or Chappel yet he was so ready to apply himself to what had been accustomed in England that at his consecration of a Chappel not far from Drogheda in Ireland he framed no new one of his own but took that which goes under Bishop Andrews name and used it with little variation which I have in my custody And thus I have endeavored by this Declaration of his Judgment and Practice in these particulars to give satisfaction to all such who by their misapprehensions have had their various censures and applications to the great injury of him I shall only wish that not only they but all others that hear this of him were both almost and altogether such as he was Mr. HOOKERS Judgment of Regal Power in matters of Religion and the advancement of Bishops wholy left out of the common Copies in his eighth Book here confirmed by the late Lord Primate USHER'S marginal notes and other Enlargements with his own hand THe service which we do unto the true God who made heaven and earth is far different from that which Heathens have done unto their supposed Gods though nothing else were respected but only the odds between their hope and ours The office of piety or true Religion sincerely performed have the promises both of this life and of the life to come the practices of Superstition have neither If notwithstanding the Heathens reckoning upon no other reward for all which they did but only protection and favour in the temporal estate and condition of this present life and perceiving how great good did hereby publickly grow as long as fear to displease they knew not what Divine power was some kind of bridle unto them did therefore provide that the highest degree of care for their Religion should be the principall charge of such as having otherwise also the greatest and chiefest power were by so much the more fit to have custody thereof Shall the like kind of provision be in us thought blame-worthy A gross error it is to think that Regal Power ought to serve for the good of the body and not of the soul for mens temporal peace and not their eternal safety as if God had ordained Kings for no other end and purpose but only to fat up men like hogs and to see that they have their Mast Indeed to lead men unto salvation by the hand of secret invisible and ghostly regiment or by the external administration of things belonging unto Priestly order such as the Word and Sacraments are this is denied unto Christian Kings no cause in the world to think them uncapable of supreme
Peter in the new Testament as though because the one did term the Jews a Priestly Kingdom the other us a Kingly Priesthood Those two Substantives Kingdom and Priesthood should import that Judaisme did stand through the Kings Superiority over Priests christianity through the Priests Supream Authority over Kings Is it probable that Moses and Peter had herein so nice and curious conceits or else more likely that both meant one and the same thing namely that God doth glorifie and sanctifie his even with full perfection in both which thing St. John doth in plainer sort express saying that Christ hath made us both Kings and Priests Wherein it is from̄ the purpose altogether alledged that Constantine termeth church-Officers Overseers of things within the church himself of those without the church that Hilarie beseecheth the Emperor Constance to provide that the Governor of his Provinces should not presume to take upon them the judgment of Ecclesiastical Causes unto whom commonwealth matters only belonged That Ambrose affirmeth Palaces to belong unto the Emperor but churches to the minister The Emperor to have Authority of the common walls of the city and not over holy things for which cause he would never yield to have the causes of the Church debated in the Princes consistory but excused himself to the Emperor Valentinian for that being convented to answer concerning Church matters in a Civil Court he came not That Augustine witnesseth how the Emporor not daring to judge of the Bishops cause committed it unto the Bishops and was to crave pardon of the Bishops for that by the Donatists importunity which made no end of appealing unto him he was being weary of them drawn to give sentence in a matter of theirs all which hereupon may be inferred reacheth no further then only unto the administration of Church Affairs or the determination of Strifes and Controversie rising about the matter of Religion It proveth that in former ages of the world it hath been judged most convenient for Church-Officers to have the hearing of causes meerly Ecclesiasticall and not the Emperour himself in person to give sentence of them No one man can be sufficient for all things And therefore publick affairs are divided each kind in all well ordered States allotted unto such kind of persons as reason presumeth fittest to handle them Reason cannot presume Kings ordinarily so skilfull as to be personal Judges meet for the common hearing and determining of Church controversies But they which are hereunto appointed and have all their proceedings authorized by such power as may cause them to take effect The principality of which power in making Laws whereupon all these things depend is not by any of these allegations proved incommunicable unto Kings although not both in such sort but that still it is granted by the one that albeit Ecclesiastical Councels consisting of Church Officers did frame the Lawes whereby the Church affairs were ordered in ancient times yet no Canon no not of any Councel had the force of Law in the Church unless it were ratified and confirmed by the Emperour being Christian. Seeing therefore it is acknowledged that it was then the manner of the Emperor to confirm the Ordinances which were made by the Ministers which is as much in effect to say that the Emperour had in Church Ordinances a voice negative and that without his confirmation they had not the strength of publick Ordinances Why are we condemned as giving more unto Kings then the Church did in those times we giving them no more but the supreme power which the Emperor did then exercise with much larger scope then at this day any Christian King either doth ar possibly can use it over the Church The case is not like when such Assemblies are gathered together by supreme authority concerning other affairs of the Church and when they meet about the making Ecclesiasticall Lawes or Statutes For in the one they only are to advise in the other they are to decree The persons which are of the one the King doth voluntarily assemble as being in respect of gravity fit to consult withall them which are of the other he calleth by prescript of Law as having right to be thereunto called Finally the one are but themselves and their sentence hath but the weight of their own judgement the other represent the whole Clergie and their voices are as much as if all did give personal verdict Now the question is whether the Clergie alone so assembled ought to have the whole power of making Ecclesiasticall Laws or else consent of the Laity may thereunto be made necessarie and the Kings assent so necessary that his sole deniall may be of force to stay them from being Laws If they with whom we dispute were uniform strong and constant in that which they say we should not need to trouble our selves about their persons to whom the power of making Laws for the Church belongeth For they are sometimes very vehement in contention that from the greatest thing unto the least about the Church all must needs be immediatly from God to this they apply the patern of the ancient Tabernacle which God delivered unto Moses and was therein so exact that there was not left as much as the least pin for the wit of man to devise in the framing of it To this they also apply that strict and severe charge which God so often gave concerning his own Law Whatsoever I command you take heed you doe it thou shalt put nothing thereto thou shalt take nothing from it nothing whether it be great or smal Yet sometime bethinking themselves better they speak as acknowledging that it doth suffice to have received in such sort the principall things from God and that for other matters the Church hath sufficient authority to make Laws wherupon they now have made it a question what persons they are whose right it is to take order for the Churches affairs when the institution of any new thing therein is requisite Laws may be requisite to be made either concerning things that are only to be known and believed in or else touching that which is to be done by the Church of God The Law of nature and the Law of God are sufficient for declaration in both what belongeth unto each man separately as his soule is the spouse of Christ yea so sufficient that they plainly and fully shew whatsoever God doth require by way of necessary introduction unto the state of everlasting bliss But as a man liveth joyned with others in common society and belongeth unto the outward politique body of the Church albeit the said Law of Nature and of Scripture have in this respect also made manifest the things that are of greatest necessity nevertheless by reason of new occasions still arising which the Church having care of souls must take order for as need requireth hereby it cometh to pass that there is
alledged how Constantine termeth Church Officers Overseers of things within the Church himself of all without the Church how Augustine witnesseth that the Emperor not daring to judge of the Bishops cause committed it unto the Bishops and was to crave pardon of the Bishops for that by the Donatists importunity which made no end of appealing unto him he was being weary of them drawn to give sentence in a matter of theirs how Hilarie beseecheth the Emperor Constance to provide that the Governors of his Provinces should not presume to take upon them the Judgment of Ecclesiastical causes to whom Commonwealth matters only belonged how Ambrose affirmeth that Palaces belong unto the Emperor Churches to the Minister that the Emperor hath Authority over the Commonwealth of the City and not in holy things for which cause he never would yield to have the Causes of the Church debated in the Princes Consistory but excused himself to the Emperor Valentinian for that being convented to Answer concerning Church Matters in a civil court he came not Besides these Testimonies of Antiquity which Mr. Cart. bringeth forth Doctor Stapleton who likewise citeth them one by one to the same purpose hath augmented the number of them by adding other of the like nature namely how Hosius the Bishop of Corduba answered the Emperor saying God hath committed to thee the Empire with those things that belong to the Church he hath put us in trust How Leontius Bishop of Tripolis also told theself same Emperor as much I wonder how thou which art called unto one thing takest upon thee to deal in another for being placed in Military and Politique Affairs in things that belong unto Bishops alone thou wilt bear rule We may by these Testimonies drawn from Antiquity if we list to consider them discern how requisite it is that Authority should always follow received laws in the manner of proceeding For in as much as there was at the first no certain law determining what force the principal Civil Magistrates Authority should be of how far it should reach and what order it should observe but Christian Emperors from time to time did what themselves thought most reasonable in those Affairs by this mean it cometh to pass that they in their practice varie and are not uniforme Vertuous Emperors such as Constantine the great was made conscience to swerve unnecessarily from the customes which had been used in the Church even when it lived under Infidels Constantine of reverence to Bishops and their spiritual authority rather abstained from that which himself might lawfully do then was willing to claim a power not fit or decent for him to exercise The order which had been before he ratifieth exhorting Bishops to look to the Church and promising that he would do the office of a Bishop over the Common-wealth Which very Constantine notwithstanding did not thereby so renounce all authority in judging of spirituall causes but that sometimes he took as St. Augustine witnesseth even personall cognition of them Howbeit whether as purposing to give therein judicially any sentence I stand in doubt for if the other of whom St. Augustine elsewhere speaketh did in such sort judge surely there was cause why he should excuse it as a thing not ususally done Otherwise there is no let but that any such great person may hear those causes to and fro debated and deliver in the end his own opinion of them declaring on which side himself doth judge that the truth is But this kind of sentence bindeth no side to stand thereunto it is a sentence of private perswasion and not of solemn jurisdiction albeit a King or an Emperour pronounce it Again on the contrary part when Governors infected with Heresie were possessed of the highest power they thought they might use it as pleased themselves to further by all means therewith that opinion which they desired should prevail They not respecting at all what was meet presumed to command and judge all men in all causes without either care of orderly proceeding or regard to such laws customs as the Church had been wont to observe So that the one sort feared to doe even that which they might and that which the other ought not they boldly presumed upon the one sort modestly excused themselves when they scace needed the other though doing that which was inexsable bare it out with main power not enduring to be told by any man how far they roved beyond their bounds So great odds between them whom before we mentioned and such as the younger Valentinian by whom St. Ambrose being commanded to yeild up one of the Churches under him unto the Arrians whereas they which were sent on his message alledged that the Emperour did but use his own right for as much as all things were in his own power the answer which the holy Bishop gave them was that the Church is the House of God and that those things which be Gods are not to be yielded up and disposed of at the Emperors will and pleasure his pallaces he might grant unto whomsoever A cause why many times Emperours did more by their absolute authority then could very well stand with reason was the over-great importunity of wicked Hereticks who being enemies to peace and quietness cannot otherwise then by violent means be supported In this respect therefore we must needs think the state of our own Church much better settled then theirs was because our Laws have with farr more certainty prescribed bounds unto each kind of power All decisions of things doubtfull and corrections of things amiss are proceeded in by order of Law what person soever he be unto whom the administration of judgement belongeth It is neither permitted unto Prelate nor Prince to judge and determin at their own discretion but Law hath prescribed what both shall do What power the King hath he hath it by Law the bounds and limits of it are known The entire community giveth general order by Law how all things publickly are to be done and the King as the head thereof the highest in authority over all causeth according to the same Law every particular to be framed and ordered thereby The whole body politick maketh Lawes which Lawes give power unto the King and the King having bound himself to use according unto Law that power it so falleth out that the execution of the one is accomplished by the other in most religious and peaceable sort There is no cause given unto any to make supplication as Hilary did that Civil Covernors to whom Common-wealth matters only belong may not presume to take upon them the judgment of Ecclesiastical causes If the cause be spiritual secular Courts doe not meddle with it we need not excuse our selves with Ambrose but boldly and lawfully we may refuse to answer before any Civill Judge in a matter which is not Civill so that we doe not mistake the nature either of the cause or of the
Sacrament Act 2. 42. As of the Oblations Acts 4. 35 The Ordination Acts 6. 6. The Government Acts 5. 3. But upon occasion of the Greeks complaint whose Widdows were not duly regarded in the daily ministration which was as well of the Sacrament as of the Oblations otherwise the Apostles would not have left out the mention of the Sacrament in Act. 6. 4. They transferred that part upon the 7. Deacons whom they ordained for distribution of the Sacrament not for Consecration * For that the Deacons dealt not only with alms 't is acknowledged by all the Primitive Church Justin Apolog. 2. Ignatius ad Heron. Tertull. de Baptismo Cyprian de Lapsis lib. 3. epist. 9. Chrysost. hom 83. in Matth. Hieron epist. 48. ad Sabinam contra Lucifer Ambr. Offic. lib. 1. c. 41. Greg. 4. 88. Concil Nicaen 1 Can. 14. 1 Tim. 3. 12. Of EVANGELISTS Upon occasion of the scattering of the Disciples by means of the persecution after the death of St. Stephen * grew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acts 8. 4. 11. 19. of which number St. Phillip is reckoned Acts 8. 21. and divers others Acts 11. 19 20. of whom Eusebius maketh mention lib. 3. cap. 37. and lib. 5. cap. 10. Upon these was transferred that part of the Apostles function which consisted in preaching from place to place Electio per sortes Acts 1. 10. Per populi suffragia Acts 6. 6. Per spiritum sanctum Act. 13. 2. Of PRIESTS When the Church was in some sort planted by the preaching of the Apostles Prophets and Evangelists that they might continually be watered and have a standing attendance the Apostles ordained them Priests by imposition of hands in every Church Acts 14. 23. 11. 30. 21. 18. And they made choice of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rather then of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 more in use with the Greeks because it includeth an Embassie and that chiefly of reconcilation which is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 expressed by St. Paul in 2 Cor. 5. 20. with Luke 14. 32. and thence they were called Presbyters Of BISHOPS Last of all that the Churches thus planted and watered might so continue the Apostles ordained Overseers to have a generall care over the Churches instead of themselves who had first had the same which is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acts 15. 36. and containeth in it as a strengthening or establishing in that which is already well Acts 14. 22. 15. 41. Rev. 3. 2. so a rectifying or redressing if ought be defective or amiss Tit. 1. 5. These are called by the Apostles Acts 20. 28. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Syrrian that is Episcopi by St. John Rev. 1. 20. the Angels of the Churches These were set over others both to rule and teach 1 Tim. 5. 17. 1 Pet. 5. 2. Upon these was transferred the chief part of the Apostolick function The Oversight of the Church The power of Commanding Correcting Ordaining The occasion which caused the Apostles to appoint Bishops besides the pattern set by Gods Ordinance in the time of the Law seemeth to have been Schisms such as were in the Churches of Rome Rom. 16. 17. Corinth 1 Cor. 1. 11. and 3. 3 4. Galatia Gall. 5. 12. Ephesus Eph. 4. 2 3. Phillippi Phil. 4. 2. Colossi Col. 3. 13. Thessalonica 2 Thess. 3. 11. The Hebrews Heb. 13. 9. James 3. 1. For which St. Cyprian S. Jerome and all the Fathers take the respect to one Governor to be an especiall remedy for which also see Calvin Instit. lib. 4. cap. 4. 8. 2. This power even in the Apostles time was necessary for God chargeth not his Church with superfluous burdens yet had they such graces as power of healing doing signes sundry languages c. that they of all other might seem best able to want it for by these graces they purchased both admiration and terrour sufficient for crediting of their bare word in the whole Church If necessary then in their times that were so furnished much more in the Ages ensuing when all these extraordinary graces ceased and no means but it to keep things in order So that were it not apparent to have been in the Apostles times yet the necessity of the times following destitute of these helps might enforce it Seeing then God hath no less care for the propagation and continuance of his Church then for the first settling or planting of it Eph. 4. 13. it must needs follow that the power was not personal in the Apostles as tyed to them only but a power given to the Church and in them for their times resident but not ending with them as temporary but common to the ages after and continuing to whom it was more needfull then to them to repress Schism and to remedy other abuses So that the very same power at this day remaineth in the Church and shall to the worlds end Of the PERSONS * that executed these Offices I. Albeit the Commission were generall over all Nations which was given to the XII yet was that generality only by permission not expresly mandatory Else should they have sinned that went not through all Nations Therefore how soever the Commission was to all Nations yet was it left to their discretion how and in what fort they would dispose themselves as the Holy Ghost should direct them Therefore that partition Gal. 2. 9. betwixt St. Peter and St. Paul was lawfull and good and no wayes derogatory to ite praedicate Goe teach all Nations Further the Ecclesiasticall History doth testifie that they parted the Coasts and Countries of the world among them by common advice and so sundred themselves Peter to Pontus Galatia Capadocia John to Asia Parthia Andrew to Cythia Pontus Euxinus Bizantium Phillip to Upper Asia unto Hierapolis Thomas to Jndia Persia and the Magi. Bartholomew to Armenia Lycaonia India citerior Mathew to Ethiopia Simeon to Mesopotamia Persia Egypt Afrique Britany Thaddeus to Arabia Jdumea Mesopotamia Matthias to Ethiopia Soc. 1. 15. 2. Again albeit their preaching was for the most ambulatory yet do the same Histories witness that having setled Religion and brought the Church to some stay towards their end they betook themselves to residence in some one place divers of them as St James at Jerusalem Euseb. lib. 2. cap. 1. Epiphan Haeres 66. Chrysost. in Act. 15. Hierom. Chrysost. in Acts 15. St. John at Ephesus Euseb. 3. 26. Tertul. lib. 4. contra Marcion Hierom. St. Peter first at Antioch and after at Rome Which places were more specially accounted their Sees and the Churches themselves after a more special manner were called Apostolick Sedes Apostolorum August in Epist. 42. Ecclesiae Apostolicae Tertullian 3. It is also plain that the Apostles * while they lived chose unto them as Helpers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divers who were companions with them in their Journies ministred unto them and supplyed their absences in divers Churches when they were occasioned *
themselves to depart Such were * Androniours Rom. 16. 17. Apollos Acts 19. 1. 1 Cor. 3. 6. Aquila Rom. 16. 3. Archippus Phil. 2. Col. 4. 17. Aristarchus Acts 20. 4. Clemens Phil. 3. 4. Crescence 2 Tim. 4. 10. Demetrius 3 John 12. Epaphras Col. 4. 12. c. 1. 7. Philem. 24. Epaphroditus Phil. 2. 23. Epaenetus Rom. 16. 5. Erastus Acts 19. 22. Gajus Acts 20. 4. Jesus Justus Col. 4. 11. John Marke Acts 13. 5. 15. 37. c. Philem. 24. Lucas Philem. 24. Col. 4. 14. Secundus Act. 20. 4. Silvanus 1 Pet. 5. 12. 1 Thes. 1. 2. 2 Thes. 11. Sopater Acts 20. 4. Sosttheues 1 Cor. 1. 1. * Stachys Rom. 6. 9. Stephanus 1 Cor. 16 15. Tertius Rom. 16. 22. Timotheus Acts 19. 22. 20. 4. Titus 2 Cor. 8. 23. Trophimus Acts 20. 4. Tychicus Acts 20. 4. * Col. 4. 7. Urbanus Rom. 16. 9. Of whom Eusebius lib. 3. Hist. cap. 4. Euthymius in tertium Johannis Isydorus de patrib Derothei Synopsis * To these as namely to Timothy and Titus two of these one at Ephesus the other in Crete Euseb. lib. 3. cap. 4. The Apostles imparted their own Commission while they yet lived even the chief Authority they had To appoint Priests Titus 1. 5. Hieron in eum locum To ordain them by laying on of hands 1 Tim. 5. 22. 2 Tim. 2. 2. To keep safe and preserve the Depositum 1 Tim. 6. 14. 20. 1 Tim. 1. 14. To command not to teach other things 1. Tim. 1. 3. Titus 3. 9. 2 Tim. 2. 16. To receive accusations 1 Tim. 5. 19. 21. To redress or correct things amiss Titus 1. 5. To reject young Widdows 1 Tim. 5. 11. To censure Hereticks and disordered persons Titus 1. 11. and 3. 10. 1 Tim. 6. 5. 2 Tim. 3. 5. And these after the Apostles deceased succeeded them in their charge of Government which was Ordinary Successive and perpetual Their extraordinary gifts of Miracles and Tongues ceasing with them So Irenaeus lib. 3. cap. 3. Quos successores relinquebant suum ipsorum locum Magisterii tradentes Of the promiscuous use of their Names Hese were they whom posterity called Bishops but in the beginning regard was not had to distinction of Names the Authority and power was ever distinct the Name not restrained either in this or others The Apostles called Priests or Seniors 1 Pet. 5. 1. Deacons or Ministers 1 Cor. 3. 5. Teachers or Doctors 1 Tim. 2. 7. Bishops or Overseers Acts 1. 20. Prophets Acts 13. 1 Rev. 22. 9. Evangelists 1 Cor. 9. 16. 9. The name of Apostle was enlarged and made common to more then the XII To Barnabas Act. 14. 4. 14. Andronicus Rom. 16. 7. Epaphroditus Phil. 2. 25. Titus and others 2 Cor. 8. 23. Timothy Hierom. in Cantic Chro. Euseb. The Priests were called Prophets 1 Cor. 14. 32. Bishops Phil. 1. 4. Titus 1. 7. So Chrysost. in Phil. 1. Quid hoc an unius eivitatis multi erant Episcopi nequaquam sed Presbyteros isto nomine appellavit tunc enim nomina adhuc erant communia Hierom. Hic Episcopos Presbyteros intelligimus non enim in una urbe plures Episcopi esse potuissent Theodoret. * Ne fieri quidem poterat ut multi Episcopi essent unius civitatis pastores quo fit ut essent Presbyteriquos vocavit Episcopos Et in 1 Tim. 3. Eosdem olim vocabant Episcopos Presbyteros eos autem qui nunc vocantur Episcopi nominabant Apostolos Oecumenius Non quod in una eivitate multi essent Episcopi sed Episcopos vocat Presbyteros tunc enim nominibus adhuc communicabant For in the Apostles absence in Churches new planted the oversight was in them till the Apostles ordained and sent them a Bishop either by reason of some Schisme or for other causes The Bishops as the Ecclesiastical History recounteth them were called Apostles Phil. 2. 25. Evangelists 2 Tim. 4. 5. Deacons 1 Tim. 4. 6. Priests 1 Tim. 4. 17. For it is plain by the Epistle of Irenaeus to Victor in Eusebius lib. 5. cap. 25. that they at the beginning were called Priests that in very truth and propriety of Speech were indeed Byshops and by Theodoret Phil. 2. 25. That they that were Bishops were at first called Apostles The name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Suidas was given by the Athenians to them which were sent to Oversee the cities that were under their Jurisdiction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Suid. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rodigin 18. 3. The name Episcopus was given among the Romans to him qui praeerat pansi voenalibus ad victum quotidianum F. de muneribus honoribus Cicero ad Atticum lib. 7. Epist. 10. vult me Pompeius esse quem tota haec Campania maritima or a habeat Episcopum The name in Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gen. 41. 34. seemeth to have relation to the second use for they were such as had charge of the grain laying up and selling under Joseph The use of the BISHOPS Office and the charge committed to him The party who in the New Testament is called Episcopus is in the Old called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Office in the New 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Tim. 3. 1. in the old 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Psalm 109. 8. with Acts 1. 20. In a House or Family it is affirmed of Joseph Gen. 39. 4. who had the oversight and government of the rest of the Servants In a House there be many Servants which have places of charge * Matt. 25. 14. but there is one that hath the charge of all * Luk. 12. 42. that is Occonomus the Steward So doe the Apostles term themselves 1 Cor. 4. 1. And their Office 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Cor. 9. 17. And their successors the Bishops Tit. 1. 7. 9. Vide Hilar. in Matt. 24. 45. In a Flock the Pastor John 21. 15. Acts 20. 28. Matt. 25. 32. 1. Pet. 3. 2. Eph. 4. 11. In a Camp * the Captain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Matt. 2. 6. Heb. 13. 7. 17. 24. In a Ship the Governor * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Cor. 12. 28. under whom there are * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acts 13. 5. In the Common-wealth they be such as are set over Officers to hasten them forward and so they doe their duties as in 2 Chron. 34. 13. 31. 13. Nehemiah 11. 22. 12. 42. So that what a Steward is in a House A Pastour in a Flock A Captain in a Campe A Master in a Ship A Surveyor in an Office That is a Bishop in the Ministery Upon him lieth first 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the eare of the Churches under him 2 Cor. 11. 28. Phil. 2. Concil Antiochen can 9. * Act. 9. 32. 15. 36. and to be observant * II. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the visiting of them Acts 9. 32. 15 16. * And in both these I. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tikkun * the confirming of
that which is well and orderly Acts 15. 41. Rev 3. 2. II. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Manatseach the redressing which is otherwise Tit. 1. 5. To him was committed principally I. Authority of Ordaining Tit. 1. 5. and so of begetting Fathers Epipha Haeres 75. See Ambros. Theodoret and Oecumentus in 1 Tim. 3. Damasus Epist. 3. Jerem Epist. 85. ad Evagr. Leo Epist. 88. Concil Ancyran Can. 12. al. 13. For though St. Paul should mention a Company * together with him at the Ordaining of Timothy 1 Tim. 4. 14. yet it followeth not but that he only was * the Ordainer No more then that Christ is the only Judge although the XII shall sit with him on Thrones Luke 20. 30. II. Authority of enjoyning or forbidding 1 Tim. 1. 3. Ignatius ad Magnesia Cyprian Epist. 39. III. Authority of holding Courts and receiving accusations 1 Tim. 5. 19. 1 Cor. 5. 12. Revel 2. 2. Augustin de opere Monachor cap. 24. IV. Authority of Correcting 1 Tim. 1. 3. Mâ—cro Episcopalis Tit. 1. 5. Hieron contra Lucifer cap. 4. Epist 53. ad Riparium Cyprian Epist. 38. ad Rogatianum V. Authority of Appointing Fasts Tertullian adversus Psychicos The Choice of persons to their calling 1. The Apostles were immediately called by Christ. 2. For the calling of Matthias the Apostle Peter gave direction two persons were propounded by the 120. the chief and constant disciples of Christ but he was designed to his place by a sacred Lot 3. Some were chosâ—n and appointed to their callings by the Holy Ghost Acts 11. 12. Acts 13. 2. Acts 8. 29. Acts 20. 28. 4. In choice of the Seven Deacons who were credited with the provision for such as wanted the multitude of the Chief and constant Disciples of Christ and the Apostles who were contributers of the same present 7. persons the Apostles ordain them Deacons 5. The Apostles chose to themselves Helpers fellow Servants of Christ fellow-Souldiers and the like Acts 15. 5. Rom. 16. 9. 2 Cor. 8. 23. Coll. 4. 7. Tit. 1. 5. So Timothy well reported of is taken by Paul Act. 16. 2. 3. 6. The Apostles chose such as were their Attendants or Ministers and sent them to severall Churches and People Acts 19. 22. 2 Tim. 4. 10. 12. 2 Cor. 12. 17. 1 Thess. 3. 2. and left some to abide in Churches where was need of their help Tit. 1. 5. Col. 20. Acts 18. 19. 1 Tim. 1. 3. A LETTER of Dr. Hadrianus Saravia to the Ministers of the Isle of Garnsay written in French and translated into English Grace and Peace from Jesus Christ our Lord. GEntlemen and wel-beloved Brethren in the Lord my calling doth oblige me to procure the good and the true edification of the Churches of Christ Jesus and chiefly of those which I have formerly had to doe with as their Minister such are those of the Islands where I was one of the first and know which were the beginnings and by which means and occasions the preaching of Gods word was planted there But you hold now to my thinking a course quite contrary to that which we have held All the favour we then obtained was through the Bishops means and without them I dare confidently assure you that you will obtain nothing of what you look for In the beginning there was no other Reformation in the Islands then that common throughout the whole Kingdome of England The Priests which a little before had sung Mass became suddenly Protestants but yet not one of them was appointed to preach the word of God They were but ignorant blockheads continuing still in â—eart and effection Papists and enemies to the Gospel Now such as were sincerely affected to the Gospel prevailed so far as that they obtained Ministers with whom the Priests could not agree they retained their Service and the Ministers preached and had the exercise of Religion asunder following the order of the Churches of France In those beginings at the pursuit of Mr. John After Dean I was sent by my Lords of the Councell to the Islands as well in regard of the School that was newly erected as to be a Minister there At that time the Bishop of Constance was sent Ambasadour from the French King to Queen Elizabeth from whom and from her Councell he obtained Letters to the Governors of the Islands whereby they were enjoyned to yeild unto him all authority and right which he pretended did belong unto him as being the true Bishop of the Islands But how this blow as was warded let your Fathers tell you Upon this occasion the Bishop of Winchester as their true Bishop took upon him the protection of the Churches of both Islands representing to the Queen and unto her Councel that of old the Islands did belong to his Bishoprick and that he had ancient Records for it yea an Excommunication from the Pope against the Bishop of Constance whenever he would challenge any Episcopall Jurisdiction over the Islands So through the means of the said Bishop and Mr. John After Dean two places only were priviledged of my Lords of the Councell St. Peeter-haven for Garnzay and St. Helier for Jarnsay with prohibition to innovate in ought in the other Parishes Then were the Court and Chapter of the Bishop held which afterwards were supprest how by whom and by what authority I know not I fear the Authors have run themselves into Premunires if premunires have power within the Islands The Consistories Classes and Synods of Ministers have succeeded them yet without any Episcopall Jurisdiction Now so it is that your Islands want Episcopall Courts for proving of Wills for Divorces and Marriages and for the Tythes which are causes and Actions Ecclesiasticall and have so been these 600. years and upwards as well under the Dukes of Normandy as the Kings of England The Reformation and change of Religion hath altered nothing neither is there any one that hath power or authority to transferre the said causes to any other Judges then to the Bishop but the Kings Majesty so that your Civil Magistrates have nothing to doe with such causes if they meddle with them 't is usurpation The French Ministers are so rash as to say that the Bishops of England have usurpt this Jurisdiction and that it belongeth not unto them because it is Civil making no difference between what some Bishops have heretofore usurpt what the King and Soveragn Magistrates have freely given for certain reasons moving them thereunto and conferred upon Bishops therefore though the matter be civill yet can they not be held for usurpers Truly the present state and condition of the Kingdom of England doth bely such slanderers of our Bishops I fear that your Magistrates being seasoned with this Doctrine have carried themselves in this point more licentiously then the Laws of this Kingdome and of their Islands will warrant them I pass over the debates that might be made upon this matter as a thing impertinent in the place and
Quod me um est i. e. sundum meum non refragarer si co pus petit occuâ—ram vultis in unicula rapere vultis in mortem voluptati est mihi non ego me vallabo circumfusione populorum nec altaria tenebâ— vitam obsecrans sed pro altaribus gratis immolabor ibid. q Bern Ep. 221. ad Ludon Reg. pro matre nostra Ecclesia Propugnabimus sed quibus armis non scutis non gladâ—s sed precibus flâ—ctibusque ad deum r Religioni quam profi ebatur putavit magis consenâ—a neum patientia quam injusta seditione conjuriam imperatoris superare Apol. a Haec sola novitas ne dicam haeresiâ— nec dum in mundo emenserat Sigeb Chronol Ann. 1088. Object Necessitaâ—i magic quam vi tâ—â—â— valunâ—ati â—aâ—ctorum Patâ—um c. b Julianus Tyranide sua vi res omnes praeciderit quibus alids its contra Apostatam uti fas fuisses c Lib. 6 de regn c. 26. depoâ—est Papae d In Apol. Bâ—ll a n. 249. usque ad u. 267. Answer e Fere omâ—eâ— mortales â—unâ— denrum cultu reli to Christianorum genit c. Euseb. l b. 9. c. 9. f Apol. Exterâ—â—â—umus vestra omnia in pâ—cvimus urbes insulas caâ—â—ella mâ—â—nâ—ci pâ—a conciliaba la. castra ipsa decarias pâ—la ita sorum Se nalsâ—â— cui bello non 〈◊〉 non prem â—â— suissexiuâ— â—â—i tam 〈…〉 si nan apud discipliam nostram magis ctcid liâ—â—reâ— quam 〈…〉 g Theod. lib. 3. cap. 17. Cum multi militum qui exerâ—ore thus adoleverunt imposturis Juliani decepti peregiam discurrences non tantum manus sed corpor a ad ignam offerent ut igne polluti igne repurgarentur h lib. 5. de Pontifice c. 7. i Helmold histor Sclau cap. 28 29 30. lib. 1. Spectate manum meam dextram de vulneie cauciam haec ego iuravi Domino Henrico ut non nocerem et nec insidtarer gloriae ejus sed jussio Apostolica Poâ—tificamus mandatum me ad id deduâ—iâ— ut juramenti transgressor honorem mihi 〈◊〉 usorparem Videtis quod in manu unde jura menta violavi mortale hoc viâ—lnus accepi Viderint ii qui nos ad 〈◊〉 instigaveâ—unt qualiter nos duxerint ne forte deducti simus in praecipitium aeierâ—ae damnationis Praesat Apol. Apol. Occasion of writing that Book of the Power of the Princes c. His Speech of the Oath of Supremacy His Speech of supplying the Kings Necessiries Mr. Hookers judgment of Regal Power confirmed by the Primate His sufferings for it His Prayers joy and sorrow according to the success of his Majesties affairs His compassionate affection to such as had suffered for his Majesty His judgment His Practice The reduction of Episcopacy c. The occasion and end oft it Ordination of the Church of England Episcopal superiority over Presbyters As the Sun to the other Lights The dignity and power of the first-born Aâ— the distance beween the High-Priest and the other inferiour Priests His approbation of books tending to the preheminence of Episcopacy The Liturgy The Service Song The Ceremonies His reducing the scrupulous 〈…〉 The falshood of some Pamphlets put out in his name since his death Some particulars observed by him The Articles of Religion of England The Canons of Ireland 1614. taken out of Q. Eliz. Injunct and Can of Engl. The Common Prayer Book of Ordination His Subscription Canons of Ireland Anno 1634. taken out of those of England The Festivals Good Friday Confirmation of Children Catechism Apparrel of the Clergy Consecration of Churches * This is wanting in the common books of Mr. Hookers M. S. Cor. 3. 7 8. Ad. 2. Ad. 3. Exod. 19. 1 Pet. 2. * Thom. in cum locum Revel 1. 6. * This is also wanting in the common copy * Euseb. l. 4. de vit Constant. * Dib ad Const. * Lib. 5. Epi. 33. * Ep. 166. 162. T. C. l. 1. p 193. This is in the common copies That is in the copies which the Primate then saw but not in that which is now printed Of their power in making Ecclesisticall Laws What Laws may be made for the affairs of the Church to whom the power of making them appettaineth Deut. 12. 32 4. 2. Jos. 1. 7. * Tho. 2. quaest 1 c 8. artic 2. Prov. 6. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Archit de leâ—e justit * This is wanting in the common books of Mr Hooker's M. S. In vit Cypy Nulla ratio Dist. 63. * Ep. Honoâ— Imp. ad Bonif. Concil Tom. 1. * 25 Ed. 3. * 25 Ed. 3. * 25 H. 8. c. 20 * C. Nulluâ— Dist. 63. * Tom. 1. Concil * Onuph in Pelag 2. * â—Rea in Dist. 63. * Wâ—tthramuâ— Naumburgensis deinvestit Episcoporum per Imperat saciendâ * Cap. General de elect l. 6. * Adver Jovin l. 1. * L. 7. Epist 5. * Theod. lib. 5. cap. 27. * Sozom. lib. 8. cap. 2. * Marcel l. 15. * Socr. 2. c. 27. l. 4. c. 29. * Theod. l. 2. c. 15 16 17. * Sozom. lib. 4. c. 11. l. 6. c. 23. * In vit Cypr. * C. Sacrorum Canon dist 63. * C. Lectis Dist. 63. * This is in the common Copy of Mr. Hoâ—ke M. S. that is in the copies which the Primate then saw but not in the now printed ones * T. C. lib 3. Pag. 155. * Euseb. de vita Constant. lib. 4. * Epist. 162. 166. * Lib. ad Constant * Lib. 5. Ep 33 * Inclusa desunt in vulâ—atis exemplâ— ib. * Doctrin â—iccip lib 5. Cont. 2 cap. 18. * Apud Athanos in Epist. ad solit vit agentes * Suid. in verb. Leontius * Epist. 68. * See the Stature of Edward 1. and Edward 2. and Nat. Bren. touching Prohibition See also in Bract n these sentences l. 5. c. 2. Est jurisdictio quaedaÌ„ ordinaria quaedam delegata quae pertinet ad Sacerdotium forum Ecclesiasticum sicut in causis spiritualibus spiritualitati annexis Est etiam alia jurisdictio ordinaria vel delegata quae pertinet ad Coronam dignitatem Regis ad Regnum in causis placitis rerum temporalium in soâ—o seculari Again Cum diversae sint binc inde jurisdictiones diversae judices diversae causae debet quilibet ipsorum inprimis aestimare an sua sit jurisdictio ne falcem videatur ponere in messem alienam Again Non pertinet ad Regem injungere poenitentias nec ad judicem secularem Nec etiam ad eos pertinet cognoscere de iis quae sunt spiritualibus annex asecut de decimis aliis Ecclesiae proventionibus Again Non est laicus conveuiendus coravs judice Ecclesiastico de aliquo quod in soro seculari terminari possit debeat * None of all this which follows is to be found in the common coppy of Mr Hookers MS * Antiquit. l. 4. c. 8. 2 Sam. 2 3. Nehem. 11. 25. All this is writ with the Lord Primat Ushers own hand 2 Sam. 17. 24. 1 Of Priests 2 Of Levites 1 Chron. 24. vers 26. 27. * IBRI The AUTHOR in his review and emendations hath in this place made this Querie Seeing the Courses were but 24. why should IBRI 25. be reckoned Jedeiah was chief Quer. Whether he was not to be connted one of the 24. because of his generall superintendency over the rest This Querie seems to be resolved by the PRIMATE and was the occasion of setting down the bove mentioned Genealogy * It seemeth the first of these Jedeiah is to be omitted in the reckoning as chief over them all in respect of his generall superintendency over the rest 3 Of Judges 4 of Officers 5 Of Singers 6. Of Porters Officers and Judges This answer I find ordered by the Author to be thus put instead of that which had been in a former copy This also the Author hath added to be put unto the former answer Exod. 14. 27. Numb 33. 9. The supposed Author in his advertisments concerning this passage saith This I know not well what way to make more clear The supposed Author in his Advertisments put this out here saying This I thought might better make a chapter of it self See infra the last chapter of all Acts 5. 5. 15. 13. 11. 19. 2. 1. 16. 46 Acts 14. 11. 8. 13. 5. 11. 13. Vid. Hierem. Epist. 4. ad rusticum c. 6. Et Epist. ad Evaâ— ium * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Theodorat a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 Tim. 1. 6. This is added by the supposed Author There was one called Vox Hy berntae published in his name for the suppressing of which he had an Order from the House of Peâ—rs
22. IX The Princes of the Levites 1 Chron 15 5 2 Chron 31 12 and 35 9 Nehem 12 22 X. The Head of the Levites Officers The Scribe * 2 Chron 31. 13. * Of the Singers 1 Chron. 16. 5. Nehem. 12. 42. Of the Porters 1 Chron. 9. 17. and 15. 22. Of the Treasurers 1 Chron. 26. 24. 2 Chron. 21. 11. XI The Levites themselves XII The Chief of the Nethinims Nehem. 11. 21. XIII The Nethinims Gibeonites Josua 9. 21. Solomons servants 1 King 9. 21. Nehem. 7. 60. It is not only requisite that things be done but that they be diligently done against sloth and that they be done continually and constantly * not for a time against Schism and if they be not that redress may be had To this end it is that God appointeth Overseers 1. To urge others if they be slack 2 Chron. 24. 5. 34. 12 13. 2. To keep them in course if they be well 2 Chron. 29. 5. 31. 12. 34. 12 13. 3. To punish if any be defective Jerem. 29. 26 For which cause A power of commanding was in the High Priest 2 Chron. 23. 8. 18. 24. 26. 31. 13. A power Judicial if they transgressed Deut. 17 9. Zach. 3. 7. Ezek. 44. 24. Under paine of death Deut. 17. 12. Punishment in prison and in the Stocks Jer. 29. 26. in the Gate of Benjamin Jer. 20. 2. Officers to Cite and Arrest John 7. 32. Acts 5. 18. This Corporal To suspend from the Function Ezra 2. 62. To excommunicate Ezra 10. 8. John 9. 22. 12. 42 16. 2. This Spiritual 1. Why may not the like now be for the Government of the Christian Church There is alledged on only stop That the High Priests was a Figure of Christ who being now come in the flesh the Figure ceaseth and no Argument thence to be drawn Answ. There is no necessity we should press Aaron for Eleazar being Princeps principum that is having a Superior Authority over the Superiors of the Levites in Aarons life time was never by any in this point reputed a Type of Christ so that though Aaron be accounted such yet Eleazar will serve our purpose As also the 2 Chron. 35 8. We read of three at once one only of which was the High-Priest and a Type of Christ the rest were not let them then answer to the other twaine who were Rulers or chief over the House of God Thus we grant that Aaron and the High Priests after him were Types of Christ and that Christ at his death ended that Type yet affirm that Eleazar being Praelatus Praelatorum governing and directing the Ecclesiastical persons under him and being subject to Moses was not any Type of Christ further we say that the Twelve Apostles as so many several Eleazars under Christ were in the Primitive times sent to several Coasts of the world to govern direct and teach Fcclesiastical persons and people in their several Divisions We say also that many Primates now as so many Eleazars under Christ and in several Kingdoms and States of the world to govern direct and teach Ecclesiastical persons and people in their several divisions and yet be under and responsible to Christian Princes and States who have the chief charge of matters both Civil and Ecclesiastical Object If it be further alledged that Eleazar and all Sacrificing Priests quatenus Sacrificers were Types of Christ who sacrificed himself for us and put an end to all Sacrifices typing himself Answ. Answ. This we grant and further say that the Popish sacrificing Priests Office and other performance in this regard is utterly unlawful and sinful But the other Imployments of Eleazar viz. His Governing Directing and teaching both the Ecclesiastical persons and the people were not typical nor ended but are still of use for the Apostles practiced the same so have their Successors to these very days And that this is most true the Presbyterial Classes cannot but grant for this very Authority over Ministers and people they use and therefore judg it not Typical Besides St. Paul appearing before one but a weak resemblance of the old High Priest yielded him obedience and acknowledged him a Governor of the people which had been meerly unlawful if there had not remained in him something not Tipical and not made to cease by Christ. Hence we see the Anabaptists shifts to be vain and gross when they say we ought to have no Wars for the Jews wars were but Figures of our spiritual battle No Magistrates for the Jews Magistrates were but Figures of our Pastors Doctors and Deacons and as no Magistrates so no Oaths pretending these to be abolished by Christ. Answ. As in the Priests Office there were some things not Typical not ended So Kings Types of Christ in somthing only prefigured and Typed him In many things their Office is still of singular use for they become Nursing Fathers of the Church and provide that we may live a peaceable life in all Godliness and Honesty The lawfull use of Wars and Oaths hath been often vindicated If the Pope here claim authority over all the world as Eleazar over all his brethren his Plea is groundless wicked and insolent For first each chief Bishop in any Kingdom must be subject to the King as Aaron and Eleazar to Moses 2. The Apostles sent into several Kingdoms of the World were all of equal power no one had Authority above the rest in their line or division which shews that no Primate ought to be of Authority over any other Primate under a several Prince But each Primate subject to Christ as Eleazar to Aaron and each Primate subject to his several King As Eleazar to Moses 2. Why it may be I. Out of Dic. Ecclesiae the New Reformers tell us we are to fetch our pattern from the Jewish Sanhedrim therefore it seems they are of opinion that one Form may serve both us and them II. Except there should be such a fashion of government consisting of inequality I see not in the new Testament how any could perish in that contradiction of Core which St Jude affirmeth for his plea was for equalitie and against the preferring of Aaron above the rest III. The Ancient Fathers seem to be of mind that the same Form should serve both So thinketh St. Cyprian lib. 3. epist. 9. ad Rogatianum So St Hierome Epist. 85. Ad Evagrium traditiones Apostolicae sumptae sunt de veteri Testamento ad Nepotianum de vita Clericorum So St. Leo. Ita veteris Testamenti Sacramenta distinxit ut quedam ex iis sicut erant condita Evangelicae cruditioni profutura decerperet ut quae dudum fuerant consuetudines Judaicae fierent obsevantiae Christianae So Rabanus ut de institutione Clericorum lib. 1. c. 6. They ground this their opinion upon that they see I. That the Synogogue is called a Type or Shadow and an image of the Church now Heb. 10. vers 1. II. That God himself