the acts of the Florentine Councel 6. The pragmatical Decree was Lawfully abrogated by the 5th Laterane Councel 7. The Councel of Trent be a sacred delusion of Christianity and Christian Princes CHAP. VI. Of Controverted Councels 1. COntroverted Councels are such as Bellarmine hath digested in a peculiar classis partly approved partly rejected If this distinction may be admitted among books why may not the Turks Alcaron find admittance under the same title among Christian Calenders Hence truely it is manifest that a Councel is nothing else but a device of the Pope whereby he admits and rejects what pleases him which he makes use of not for the Churches benefit but under the colour and pretence of Religion for the establishing of the Roman See In the mean while we may see how the foot-steps of the Priests may be traced 2. Therefore these are reckoned for Controverted Councels 1. At CONS TANTINOPLE the 4 th 2. Bell. de Ecclesia l. 1. c. 7. At SARDIS 3. At SYRMINA 4. At QUINISEXT 5. At FRANCOFURT 6. At CONSTANCE 7. At BASIL 3. An. D. 870 At CONSTANTINOPLE the fourth under Basilius the murtherer of Greek Emperours and Adrian the second usurping the Roman See notwithstanding the opposition of the Roman Emperour It consisted of 102 Bishops 2. The chief businesse of this was to discharge Photius the most learned Patriarch of the Greeks who left to posterity a book concerning folly because he had touched the Popish Tyranny with his sharp writings and was an enemy to Images and without the canonical assent had possessed the Chair due to Ignatius who was more pliable to the Roman Commands whatsoever the matter was he is cited contumilies are cast upon him he is ejected and by an injunction of Repentance all his councellors and followers are sufficiently punished according to the Romane Embassadors pleasure 3. To 9. Actions in which these things were transacted there are added 27 Canons in which besides the foolish rage against the Photians and the honour bestowed on Images that is to be commended of the sixth Canon which forbids Priestly vestments to be used in scenical playes though for sports sake 4. The Bulgarians newly converted to the Faith enquire at this Councel whether they should addresse themselves to the Greek or the Romane Church but concerning what is to be done the Romans sparingly declare their mind not silently passing over the encrease of the Roman greatnesse 5. This is manifest that the Embassadors relying upon the protection of Adrian the usurping Emperour did so superciliously behave themselves towards Photius and the Greek Bishops that returning home to their Lord they were assaulted by the Sclavonians who deprived them of all their goods and took from them the authentical copy of the Councel which contained the hand-writing of the Emperour and all those that consented for the reliques of this which 6. Remain we are beholding to Anastatius the Library keeper who was present at the transactions and Decrees and what he saw he noted and transmitted to Posterity For the clearing of which Andr. Schottus the Jesuite in Praef. Bibl. Photii hath contributed much light 7. Neverthelesse the Greeks reject this Synod moreover according to Bellarmine all things are here laid down as suppositions and uncertain since there are those who affirm the same Photius who as we read was deposed by this Adrian to have been restored by John the eight that is Pope Joan his successour whence it appears that neither the Greeks agree with the Romans nor the Romans among themselves about the acts and authority of this Synod 4. An. D. 351 That of SARDIS is said to have been celebrated under Constantius and Pope Julius 2. In it are numbred 376 Bishops of which the 300 Western confirmed the Nicene Creed to this end that Athanasius who was banished Rome for the space of three years should be restored to his place at Alexandria but the other 76 Arians meeting at Philippolis confirmed Arianisme under the title of the Councel of Sardis 3. No President is here mentioned but Hosius of Corduba who without the Popes Embassadours with Gaudentius and other Godly Bishops ratified 21 Canons 4. It is commonly called an appendix to the first Nicene Councel In whose Canons not a word of the Popes supremacy or of appeals to him from remote Churches as Longus would have it out of Prolix Baronius 5 Augustine and those who are deceived by the equivocation do not reject this Councel but that held under the name of this at Philippolis by the Arians 6. It is reported there was one Orthodox Arius present at this Councel converted as supposed by Athanasius at Laodicea 7. Binius largely describes the History of this Synod out of Socrates Sozomen and the Tripartite History in which those three Canons the 3 4 and 5 which approve of appeals to the Pope of Rome do not determine them as necessary but as Arbitrary neither do they oblige the Bishops Universally but only the subjects of that Patriarchship 5. An. D. 356 That at SYRMINA or Syrmia so trembled and groaned under the Arian tyranny of Constantius that the supremacy and Presidentship of Pope Liberius dared not to appear 2. There were present besides Eastern 300 Western Bishops and upwards for the hearing and deciding the cause of Photinus who complained to the Emperour that he was unjustly condemned at the Synod of Sardis What had he committed Namely he preached that Christ was only meer man and inferiour to his Mother which is the opinion of the Socinians 3. Marcus Arethusius composed a confession in Greek against this weak Heresie so subtily that Hilary and Liberius doubted not but to approve thereof because he declared not in words the Herefie he entertained in his hearr perhaps he conspired with Vrsacius and Valence who effected another in Latine not only deficient in the word Consubstantiality but altogether opposing it 4. It is miserable here to read how Hosius well near an hundred years old was compelled by whipping after so many triumphs over the enimies of the Homousians to subscribe to Arianisme yet he would not condemn Athanasius and before his death he cleared himself from his relaps by a most devout Recantation 5. The popish infallibility freed not Liberius from the same errour although Bellarmine doth wittily excuse him De Rom. Pontif l. 4. c. 9. 6. Of this Councel saith Longus there is nothing extant besides three Forms of Belief which are found in Binius but he tells us there are extant 26 Anathemtes which together with the Orthodox Confession Caranza hath published of which Longus could not be ignorant 7. This Synod is more largely handled by Socrates l. 1. c. 24. Sq. Sozomen l. 4. c. 5 6. Epiph. Haeres 7. 6. A.n. D 692 The Councel of QUINISEXT so tearmed by Balsamon is counted by Bede and very many Latines an erroneous Synod 2. The Fathers who were convened in it under Justinian the second and Pope Sergius because the fifth
and offered him the charge of his journey Thou hast robbed the Churcher of the Earth and now offerest to me condemned and indigent an almes goe first and become a Christian thy self 6. Felix a Deacon placed in the room of Liberius mixed with the Arians yet he alwaies intirely observed the Nicene Creed which was a little displeasing to the Orthodox 7. Hosius of Corduba at that time well nigh an hundred years old escaped not the stroake of his tyranny Hilarius the Deacon by whipping is urged to subscribe others by banishments and riflings are forced to consent Neither under 5. An. D. 363 The Councel at SELEUCIA under the same Constantius did the persecution cease 2. At that time were convened at Ariminum as Bellarmine will have it out of the Chronicles of Jerome 600 Bishops of which the Eastern Heterodox being overpowred both in number and Arguments by the Orthodox by the Emperours Command they remove this Councel to Isauria in Selucia 3. But here the Acacians altogether reject Consubstantiallity the Semi-Arians admit it in their sence still retaining the leaven which corrupts the whole lump 4. In this dissention the Semi-Arians prevail and determine that the form of Faith composed at the dedication at Antioch should be retained and subscribed unto but they ejected the dissenting Acacians or Arians from their places 5. Thus condemned they betake themselves to the Emperour and so far prevaile with him that at another meeting called at Constantinople they are wholly restored here they frame a new Creed in which not only the tearms of substance but also of Hypostasis or subsistance are excluded 6. The Semi-Arians on the other side rejecting this are by force banished from their places by the Acacians Act. 22.10 Apud Hilar. l. 2. p. 44. in the mean while the Catholicks condemn Arius the Authour of their Sect. Like as the Pharisies and Saduces assailing each other in the cause of B. Paule are overcome by their own dissentions 7. Hilarie of Pictavia whom they report to be a Svbellian together with the Western Catholicks will not start an hairs breadth from the Nicene Creed the Emperour interposes this that the determination of no Councel whatsoever shall have power to which the Statutes of this Councel denies Power and liberty He forced the Bishops to subscribe to such a form of Belief brought from Ariminum to Constantinople that by the same command of the Emperour one was the Western Profession of Faith another the Eastern Consult with Ruffin l. 10. c. 21. Socrat. l. 2. c. 31 32. Athanas de Synod Baron An. 359. N. 61. Seq Long. p. 270. August Hieron Basil apud Bell. de Concil l. 1. c. 6. and others 6. Sozomen c. 35 Hist Tripart l. 5. c. 34. The occasion of the 2. Councel of EPHESUS was Eutyches an Archimandrite of Constantinople who after Manes and Apollinaris denied the flesh of Christ to be like ours An. C. 449 but affirmed that falling from Heaven like the rayes of the Sun it penetrated the Virgins Womb and so he denied that two natures were in Christ incarnate but asserted that his flesh was changed into his Divinity 2. For such like strange sopperies wherewith he had deluded many he was deservedly condemned by Flavianus Patriarch of Constantinople and Eusebius Bishop of Doril and others their associates He was so far from repenting that he obtained from Theodosius who was very pliable by the means of Chrysaphius the Eunuch and â—udoxia the Empresse both seduced by his allurement that the Examination of a famous Synod might end the matter 3. Therefore this at Ephesus by the Emperours authority is called there met 128 Bishops Dioscorus of Alexandria being President Leo is summoned from the West and least he should seem to be neglected he sends three Legates all being convened all things are transacted at Dioscorus his beck who not more full of Eutychianisme than of arrogance and tyranny as little valued the letters and Embassadour of Leo as he had the condemnation of â—utiches by Eusebius of Doril. 4. At length Putiches is absolved and the reclaimers are forced to subscribe by club-Arguments Flavianus opposing is so furiously trodden upon and among the rest as some affirm by Dioscorus himself that three dayes after he committed his soul into the hands of God 5. Ibas an Edyssen Eusebius of Doril and Theodoret of Cyrus with other very learned Bishops are discharged of their places The Popes Legates not without very great danger of their lives returned home 6. Of which more than barbarous inhumanity an Acacian Bishop complained to Dioscorus afterwards pleading the cause before the Calcedon Fathers They compelled and forced us having suffered many evils to subscribe to a blank paper and kept us gain-saying and opposing them in the Church untill the evening and we being sick they permitted us not to rest but sent Souldiers to us with clubs and swords and thus made us subscribe 7. Whence this is called by all the pious the Synod of Thieves in which Satan erected his Throne not long after to be dashed in pieces by the most famous Councel of Calcedon Liberat. in Breviar c. 12. Evagr. l. 1. c. 9 10 Niceph. l. 14. c. 47. 7. The Councel of CONSTANTINOPLE An. C. 730 which is numbred among the rejected is by some accounted two Bell. de Cont. l. 1. c. 6. which others contract into one but the distinction is manifest because the first is said to be celebrated under the Father Leo Isaurus An. 730. The 2d by Constantius Copronymus An. 755. 2. One in the mean while opposes the worshipping of Images and Reliques upon which account both may be esteemed as one or at least united 3. The first under Leo discovers intercession of Saints to be imaginary and the worshipping of Images meer Idolatry Germanus Patriarch of Constantinople John Damascene and others too much inclined to Images are deprived of their dignities 4. Gregory the third intercedes for Images in a Romane Anti-Synod in which he excommunicates the Eastern with the mark of Heretical Image breakers these things terrifie not Constantine Copronymus the son from declaring himself to be an Image-breaker He gathered together at Constantinople 338 Bishops over whom he is President and persecutes the maintainers of Images 6. Some receive this and the seventh as Oecumenical but the Romanes so abhorred it that for this Controversy about Images they rebelled against the Greek Emperours their lawful Princes Whence afterwards followed the Western and Eastern division which opened such a gap to the enemies of the Church never to be made up 7. The second Nicene Councel corrects the errours of this but how strongly and divinely appears by its decrees Concerning these Synods vid. Paul Diac. l. 21.22 rerum Roman Zonarum in annal 8. A.C. 1409 Bellarmine is doubtful whether to reckon the first Councel of PISA among the rejected or approved Bell. de concil l. 1. c. 8. by some it is taken for a general Councel
A SYNOPSIS OF COUNCELS By JOHN PRIDEAVX late Regius Professour of Divinity at Oxford and Bishop of Worcester OXFORD Printed by A. L. LICHFIELD Printers to the University 1661. CAP. I. Of Synods in General 1. SYnodographie is that which so Methodically doth lay before our eyes a Synopsis of Councels and other Ecclesiasticall meetings that it may clearly appear to him that doubts how any case in them may be enquired after and what may be determined concerning it being found 2. A Councel is a free publique Ecclesiastical meeting especially of Bishops and also of other Doctors lawfully deputed by diverse Churches for the examining of Ecclesiastical causes according to the Scriptures and those according to the power given by common Suffrages without favour of parties to be determined in matters of Faith by Canons in cases of practise by Presidents in Discipline by Decrees and Constitutions Therefore 3. They are not to be called 1. For the deciding of Popish and political Controversies which more properly belong to Diets Parliaments and Assemblies 2. Neither is it an office appertaining to the Pope to Assemble much lesse except he be specially elected thereto by the Assembled to sit as chief over them 3. Neither may others unlesse Bishops or some otherwise Deputed by their Churches in them passe a determinative sentence 4. Neither may any sentence or decree be admitted as necessary unto Salvation unlesse it hath strength and Authority from the Word of God 5. Neither may publick decrees be rejected by private persons who consent unto them by their Deputies but they must acquiesse in them and suffer them until an Authority-frees equal to that which did bind 4. Such have been and frequently happen as 1. Judaical 2. Apostolical 3. Oecumenical 4. Controverted 5. Rejected 6. National 7. Conferences INQUIRIES Whether 1. Councels are of divine Authority and simply necessary Neg. 2. The Authority of convening Councels rests in the power of one person or some certain Prelates or Princes Neg. 3. Councels may be called to determine political affairs or private Controversies N. 4. Only Ecclesiastical Prelates have determinative Suffrages in them Aff. 5. A controverted place of Scripture may be more safely sought from Councels than from private Doctors Aff. 6. The Decrees of Councels contrary to the plain Texts of Scripture are of any validity Neg. 7. We must acquiesse in the Decrees of a Councel at least not publikely oppose them till the like Authority of dissenting men give us liberty so to do Aff. CAP. II. Of Judaical Councels 1. UNder the Title of Judaical Councels we comprehend not either 1. The Sanedrim Gedolah constituted of 72 Elders Num. 11.24 Or 2. The Sanedrim Katon a Consistory of 23 persons sitting at the Gates Deut. 16.18 Or 3. The three Dijanims the Decidours of Controversies in Smaller Towns Mat. 5.22 Because such as these were appointed for the preserving of Doctrine Worship and Discipline as well in the Common-wealth as in the Church but the more solemn meetings about extraordinary affairs for the confirming removing or reforming any thing as the matter required 2. Such meetings are observed to have bin 1. At Sichem under Joshua and Eliazer 1. Concerning prohibiting Society with the Gentiles 2. Concerning the rooting out of strange gods 3. Concerning the burying of Josephs bones in his own possession as he himself commanded Josh 24. 2. At Hierusalem the first under David Gad and Nathan being his assistants 1. Concerning the numbering of the Levites 2. The distribution of the Priests into 24 Classes 3. Concerning each of their Offices 1. Chron. 13. which Hezechiah restored 2 Chron. 29.25 3. At Carmelita under Ahab and Elias where 1. The worshipping of Baal was discussed 2. The true worship of God was miraculously confirmed 3. Severe punishment was inflicted upon the worshippers of Baal 1. Kings 18. 4. At Hierusalem the second under Hezechiah Concerning 1. The purging of the Temple 2. The instituting of true Worship according to Davids prescript Where it is probable was a Decree made concerning the transcribing of Solomons Proverbs according to the Title Cap. 25.2 Chron. 29. 5. At Hierusalem the third under Josiah and Helkiah in which 1. The Temple again was purged 2. Idolatry was rooted out 3. The Covenant with the Lord renewed according to the book of the Law found by Helkiah amongst the rubbish of the Temple 2. Kings 33. 2. Chron. 34. 6. At Hierusalem the fourth under Zorobabel and Ezra and other chief persons of the Jews that returned from the Captivity of Babylon in which 1. The Canonicall books were chiefly by Ezra set in that order as now we have them 2. The Fesukim Paraschim and Heptakim were added for the distinction and reading of the Text. 3. The Masoreth with the Tikkum Sopherim was begun and prosecuted for the preserving and transmitting to posterity the holy Language by Hebrew points and other marks Elias Levita Praef. 3. Masor Genebr Chron. l. 2. p. 183 7. That which is called the Synod of the Wise under John Hircanus 1. Concerning the receiving of the Pharises and Scribes with their leaders Sammei and Hillel 2. Concerning the condemning of the Sadduces with their Authors Sadoc and Bajethos who for that reason betook themselves to the Samaritans denying the immortality of the soul and that there is any reward in the world to come Where 3. Some suppose the books which we call Apocryphie were made Canonical by the third Canon of the Hebrews Genebrard Chron. l. 2. p. 197. INQUIRIES 3. Whether 1. The Tradition of the Cabala was enjoyned at the Synod of Sychem D. 2. Some of Solomons Proverbs were perfected and transmitted to posterity by Hezekiah's servants according to the Decree of any Councel or otherwise D. 3. The Masoreth and Hebrew points borrowed their authority from the fourth Councel at Hierusalem Probable 4. The writings which we call Apocriphal were brought into the Canon by any Synod of the Jews vid. Genebr Chron. l. 2. p. 190. 197. Improbable 5. The epicurism of the Sadduces or the proud and covetous hypocrasie of the Pharises was more intollerable to the pious and Orthodox or more pernitious to the Church D. 6. That meeting under Ptolomie Philometer concerning the antiquity of the Temple of Hierusalem and of Samaria mentioned by Josephus Antiq. l. 13. c. 6. Is rightly reckoned by some among the Jewish Synods N. 7. The convening of the Priests and Scribes by Herod only for inquisition of the place where Christ was born was rather an occasional consultation then a Councel Aff. CAP. III. Of Apostolical Councels 1. TO Apostolical Councels are referred those which are found to be celebrated either 1. Against the Apostles or 2. By them Against them were convented that the Gospel if it were possible should be smothered in the very Cradle 1. Annas Caiaphas John and Alexander with the whole Generation of Priests Act. 4.6 who ordained that none should speak or teach in the name of Jesus v. 18. 2. The same Persons were
convened with the Sadduces where the Apostles designed for Massacre were freed by Gamaleel and their punishment was mittigated and they dismissed only with whipping Act. 5. Their 3d Councel judged Stephen to be stoned Acts 6.12 In the 4th Councel under Ananias Paul was beaten and welnigh torn in pieces between the Pharises and Sadduces Act. 23.10 The 5th is said to be called by Ananias the younger where James the brother of the Lord with some others were sentenced to death Joseph Antiq. l. 20. c. 8. 2. The Councells celebrated by the Apostles are commonly noted 1. For the substituting of Mathias in the place of Judas who betrayed our Saviour Act. 1. 2. For the election of seven Deacons Act. 6. 3. For not pressing of the Ceremonial Law seeing that justification may be obtained by the Grace of God alone in Christ Acts 15.11 in which may be observed an exact directory for the following Councels 4. For the toleration of some legal observations for a time that by such a condescention the weaker sortmight be gained and the Mother Synagogue honourably inter'd and abolisht Act. 21.18 5. For the meeting wherein was composed the Apostles Creed by the Apostles met together every one contributing his part 6. For the meeting which did obtrude to the Church 85 Canons under the notion of the Apostles authority concerning which there are various Controversies 7. For the meeting at Antioch were among nine Canons the eighth commanded Images of Christ to be substituted in the room of Heathenish Idols the other pious Canons being destitute of the Authority of the Synod vid. Bin. Tom. 1. p. 19. Longum p. 147. INQUIRIES Whether 1. The Apostles met together in any Synod for the composing of the Creed which we have D. 2. S. Clement the Disciple of Peter wrote them in Greek Dionysius the lesse did translate them into Latine The Canons commonly termed Apostolical be unjustly attributed to the Apostles A. 3. The Author Authority or number of them be certainly known vid. Joverium p. 2. N. 4. The Epitome of Apostolical constitutions found in Crete and published by Charles Kapellicus be of any moment Consult P. Crab. N. 5. The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at a convention of the Apostles hath any ground or foundation N. 6. The Councel held at Antioch concerning approbation of Images be altogether imaginary A. 7. That compleat Councel of the Apostles Act. 15. may be an example for all other Synods to imitate A. CAP. IV. Of Approved Oecumenical Councels SECT I. Of the Greek or Eastern Oecumenical Councels 1. OEcumenicall or Generall Councels are such wherein Bishops and other Learned men out of every Country may freely meet together for the discussing and determining of Ecclesiastical affairs piously prudently and orderly without favour of Parties according to the Word of God and the received Canons of the Church 2. Such are 1. Greek or Eastern 2. Latine or Western Of the Greek Councels as the more famous may be reckoned 1. The NICENE the 1. 2. Of CONSTANTINOPLE the 1. 3. Of EPHESUS the 1. 4. Of CALCEDON 5. Of CONSTANTINOPLE the 2d 6. Of CONSTANTINOPLE the 3d 7. The NICENE the 2d 4. A.D. 235 The first NICENE Councel so called because it was celebrated at Nicea of Bithinia where afterwards the Arians Hillar Socrat. L. 2. c. 29. Baron an 359. N. 27. Longus that they might make this void called another Councel by the Authority of Constantine the Great in the time of Julius the first and Sylvester Popes 2. It consisted of 318. Bishops Hosius of Carduba being President having for his associats Potomon of Heraclia Papnutius a Theban of whom each lost an eye for Christs cause together with Paulus of new Cesaria who for the same profession was compelled to carry an hot Iron in his hand and Eustachius of Antioch who in the name of the Councel entertained the Emperour with an elegant Oration with many more famous for Learning and Miracles 3. The Canons of it being only 20. nor is it sufficiently manifest how warrantable came to the hands of Posterity Perhaps this hapned by the power and subtlety of the Artans Some obtrude more lately found by the Jesuites Turrianus and Pisanus in some hidden places of Arabia which the more Judicious doe little esteem 4. Three things especially are reported as condemned by this famous Synod 1. The Arian Heresie Blasphemously denying the Sonne to be Coeternall and Coessentiall with the Father 2. The dissent of the Eastern from the Western Christians about the Celebration of the Passcover in a manner different from the Jewish Custome 3. Together with the Schismatical dissentions of the Melitians and Novatians by which they Created perpetual troubles to the Orthodox Bishops 5. In this Councell the Emperour burnt all the accusations which the Bishops brought against each other as unworthy to be seen 6. An illeterate Christian grapling with a proud boasting Philosopher who with his reproaches persecuted Christianity stopped his blasphemous mouth 7. In which also Paphnutius a single man did confute some who were earnest against the Marriage of the Clergy Consult about this with Gelasius Cycizenus Scultet Analysis Socrat. Hist Tripartit l. 1. c. 8. Ruff. l. 10. c. 1. Bell. de Consil l. 1. c. 5 13 Calvin Instit l. 4. c. 7. S. 1. Camerar Hist de Concil Nicen. 5. A.D. 313 The first of CONSTANTINOPLE under Gratian and Theodosius the great and Damasus 1. Consisting of 150 Bishops 2. It is not manifest who sate in this as chief unlesse it was Cyrillus of Hierusalem 3. They condemned and discharged Macedonius Bishop of Constantinople for his perfidious opposing the Deity of the Holy Ghost together with Maximus Cynicus by reason of his Doctrine against Discipline mentioned Can. 6. Of whose Canons Caranza reckons only 7. Longus 9. All which except the first concerning the receiving of the Nicene Belief and the banishing of the Heretiques are rejected by the Roman Church 5. The Emperour nul'd all Confessions except that of those who acknowledge Christ Coessentiall with the Father which our present Liturgy retains under the name of the Nicene Creed 5. It is thought that Gregory Nazianzen compiled it according to the sense of the Synod 7. These words and the Sonne which confirms the Holy Ghosts proceeding from the Father and the Sonne are known to be added to this Creed by Benedictus the seventh which Leo the first and the third his Predecessors dared not to attempt Longus ex Lombard 1. Sent. D. 11. Bonavent aliis Theodoret. Hist l. 5. c. 6. 10. A.D. 434 6. The first of EPHESUS was fortunately called under Theodosius the younger promoted by Celestine the first 2. In this 200 Bishops condemned Nestorius of Constantinople together with Carisius his flattering Presbyter who instead of two Natures acknowledged diverse Persons in Christ and therefore pleaded that the Blessed Virgin should be stiled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 only and not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3.
the Popes from his Chair 7. In the Melfitan Synod and others there are many things concerning Ecclesiastical discipline most worthy observation laying aside some superstitious and Ambitious Synods too much favouring of the corruptions of that age wherein they were called 5. The SPANISH Councels are 1 At Toledo 25 in which many things were piously and prudently decreed as chiefly that assertion of belief against the Priscillianists 2. The Elibertine which ratified 81 wholsome Canons the 36 forbad pictures in the Church 3. That at Caesar Aug. also against the Priscilianists in which was ordered that none should challenge to themselves the title of Doctor unlesse he was lawfully advanced unto it 4. That at Ilerda 4. Canons whereof Gratianus cites one of which is that nuptials are not to be celebrated in Lent 5. At Bragara the first and second in which not only the Manichees Mathematicians and Priscilianists are deservedly stigmatized but also some things not inconsiderable are added for the preserving of order and decency in the Church 6. At Matiscona the first and second reforms the vices of the Clergy and urges the paying of Tithes and the pious observation of hospitality at this time too much esteemed 7. That at Hispalis against the Acephali which disallowed the consecration of a Presbyter by a Presbyter and of Churches by Diosecian Bishops these things are more largely handled in Garsia Loaysa who more diligently searched into and collected the Spanish Councells 6. Nor is FRANCE to be esteemed as lesse fruitfull in conventions 1. Long. 433. Id. 643. In which one of the 13 Parisian Councells against sacrilegious persons and another distributed into 3 Books urging upon Princes Bishops and Subjects wholesome things are of speciall moment 2. At Arelate the first in the case of Cecilianus and Felix Bishop of Aptungis the second against the Photinians Bonosians and concerning discipline to be observed by the Clergy The 3 which declares the anathemes of Faustus of Rhegium and the Confession of Lucidus above the rest are worthy consideration 3. Seaven Councells at Aurelia have many things concerning Ecclesiasticall discipline that are not inconsiderable and that is observable in the first concerning rogations and Letanies to be celebrared before the ascention of our Lord 4. Id. 429. At Arausia the 2d wholely confutes the Pelagians and Semi-Pelagians out of the writings of Augustine 5. At Byturis it confirmes the Pragmaticall Sanction against the Popish plots and contrivances 6. Id. 562. That at Cabellonum upholds the priviledges of the sanctuary and restores the reverence of the Sabboth 7. Id. 258. That at Vaso commands gloria patri and Kyrie Eleyson together with the Trisagium to be inserted into the Liturgy Consult Jacob Germundus his collection of the French Synods 7. In the higher and lower GERMANY besides 9. Synods at Colonia these Councels above the rest are observable 1. The Augustan concerning the reformation of the Clergy 2. The Bavarican concerning the Saboath and the Gods of the Church 3. That at Wormes concerning a decorum to be observed in Ecclesiasticall matters and the punishment of Wicked persons 4. The Moguntine the first concerning Ecclesiasticall immunities the 2d against Gotteschalcus and thhe 3d in which prayers are injoyned in behalf of King Arnulphus and his Wife also for the good estate of Christianity 5. At Aquisgranum concerning Ecclesiasticall orders 6. The Erfordian concerning festivall dayes 7. At Dort against the Remonstrants and their masters the Socinians 8. Under the EASTERNE are comprehended the Grecian of Europe and the neighbour African of which sort among the Grecian are numbred 1. Councells at Constantinople 33.2 The Synod at the oake in the case of Chrysostome Photius 3. The Eastern against the Massillianites who deceived the Church with their subtleties 4. The Ancyran concerning the receiving and rejecting those that fell away 5 At Laodicea against Angel-worship can 35. and concerning the Canon of the Scripture can 85.6 At Gargra concerning the religeous reformation of manners 7. The Tyrian in which that great man Athenasius was troubled and freed 9. Under the title of AFRICAN Councels almost 20 are mentioned by the Summulists whose Canons are so promiscuously collected in one volume Vid. Baron An. 394. n. 32 l. 346. that they were hardly distinguishable by those that lived after 2. Of the 15 Carthagenians the 6 is more worthy observation by wich the subtleties of the Roman Popes are discovered in obtruding a superstitious Canon of the Nicene Councell for the receiving appeales 3. Moreover the three first concerning the disaproving of the baptisme of Heretiques between Cyprian and Stephanus doe manifest that there is not so great an inequality of authority as that the African should yeild to the full power of the Roman 4. Above the rest we meet with worth the observing the Milevetan ynod in which Pelagianisme by the Bishops was wholy confuted Long p. 342. 5. The Councel of Hippo collects and contracts the more convenient Canons of other Synods 6. In tthe Cavernan Councell there is observable a notable Skirmish between the Primanists and the Maximianists which often happens to mad braine Schismatiques who when once they have forsaken the Church they do not long agree among themselves August in Ps 36.7 To which also may be referred the Bagian Councell where 340. Bishops are gathered together by Primianus of Carthage they put down Maximainus and his followers to the lowest seats August contr Cresonium L. 3. c. 53. the African Councells are more diligently collected and pvblished by Julius 10. Among the BRITAN Councells these are noted above the rest 1. At Winchefler in the time of Edgar under Dunstane where a wooden crosse gave a suffrage against the married Priests whence these verses Humano more crux praesens edidit ore Coelitus effata quae prospicis hic subarata Ab sit ut hoc fiat coetera commemorata Like man the crosse this Heaven begotten word Utter'd which this subscription doth afford Be it not so and such like on record 2. At Oxford by Stephen Langthon Arch-Bishop of Canterbury who distinguisht the Bible into Chapters and did illustrate it with Commentaries from him we have Excommunications and 48 Constitutions concerning the right government of the Church which Linwood here there inserts in his provincials they may be read together in Binius Longus and others 3. At Claringdon under Henry the 2d John of Oxford by the Kings command being President in this are established 16 Chapters of English Customes as Math. Paris relates which the Romans relish not as is manifest by their censures it condemned and tolerated each being mentioned by Longus 4. The Councel under Edward the 6th in which 39 Articles of the English Confession was concluded and confirmed 5. The Synod under the same Person from which we receive the English Liturgy which now we have Composed by seaven Bishops and foure Doctors and confirmed by the publique consent of the Church which as
also the preceeding Articles the succeeding Princes Elizabeth James and Charles ratified and commended to Posterity 6. The London Synod in which 141 Constitutions relating to the pious and peaceable government of the Church presented to King James by the Bishops and others deputed by the Church met together are worthily confirmed by his Regall Authority 7. The Councell at Perth in Scotland where were Articles concerning administring the Sacrament to the sick 2. Concerning private Baptisme if necessity required 3. Of Confirmation 4. Of admitting Festivals and 5. Of kneeling at the Receiving of the Sacrament though the Sectaries snarl at it and is allowed of venerable customes If any desire more knowledge in these Brittan affaires that famous interpreter of Antiquity D H. Spelman will abundantly satisfy him there is extant a more full declaration and defence of the Synod of Perth INQUIRES Whether 1. Nationall Councels do more immediately oblidge the Subjects thereof than Generall Councels which are more remote 2. The infalibility of the Pope being granted there is no need of any Councell especially the Italian 3. Zsiomus Boniface and Celestine did fraudulently obtrude upon the Africans the Canon of the first Nicene Councel 4. S. Augustine and other dissenters in the six Carthagenian Synod did die excluded from the Communion of the Roman Church 5. The Synod of Brixia could lawfully depose the Pope 6. The decrees of a general Councel can for any pretence be abrogated by a particular Synod 7. The Laity have only a receptive not a preceptive Authority in commanding the rites of the Church CAP. IX Of Conferences 1. ECclesiastical Conferences are meetings of some Divines in which nothing is canonically determined but the opinions of dissenters are brought to tryal and discussed 2. And that either 1. By the order of some publique authority 2. By a private arbitrary convention of Learned men 3. Publique Conferences of the first Classis have been either with 1. The dissenting Brethren 2. The Papists 3. The Lutherans 4. The Anabaptists 5. The Remonstrants 6. The Anti-Trinitarians 7. The Disciplinarians 4. For composing the differences of the Brethren have been Conferences 1. At Marpurg concerning the removing the difference about the Eucharist Adamus in vit German Theol. pag. 30. 2. At Spira where the name of Protestants was first heard Alsted Chr. p. 192. 3. The Smalcaldican where were present the Britain Embassadours and others that the League of the reformed might be ratified Id. 4. The Interimistican concerning pacification in which is written the Conciliatory book of Augusta which by reason of the scope of the disputants raysed an indifferent war which was expired in the form of Passavius 5. At Altenburg among the Lutherans concerning justification Adam p. 613. as also afterwards performed among the same at Quidlingburg concerning Ubiquity Id. 622. 6. At Torge concerning divers Articles of Religion Id. p. 649. as afterwards in a Conference at Bipont Id. 780. and at Bades Id. 655. 7. At Hetzburg about the book of concord Id. 750. 5. The more eminent Conferences with the Papists are 1. At Wormes two the first A. 1541. Sled in that year Adam p. 338. The second concerning divese articles of Religion A. 1547. Adam p. 349. 2. At Ratisbone three the first A. 1541. The second 1546. concerning diverse Articles of Religion by the same The third concerning the Judge of controversies A. 1601. which is fully extant by many either approved or handled 3. At Possiace A. 1561. concerning diverse Ecclesiastical matters Sleid. Adam 4. At Saint Germains in the same year concering the same matters Adam 5. At Mompelgard concerning the Sacrament and the person of Christ A. 1586. where Beza is the chief disputant It is intirely extant 6. At Oxford in which Cranmar Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Latimer Bishop of Worcester and Ridley of London were invincible Champions of the truth and suffered Martyrdom Fox Martyrol 7. At London the first in the time of Q. Mary in which John Philpot excellently acted his part The second in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth where the Papists challenged as the armed Ephramites to a combat scarcely without laughter yeelded themselves 6. Between the Calvinists or Zwinglians as they say and the Lutherans there was a Conference 1. At Malbrun concerning the Lords Supper and the Majesty of Christ 2. At Wittenburg between Vrbanus Pierius and Hunnius and other Lutherans 3. At Francofurt Casimire the Palatine procuring it Alsted 7. Conferences with the Anabaptists frantick persons and Enthusiasts are these************ 8. With the Remonstrants especially is that Conference at the Hague published diversely by diverse as a prologue to which was the contest between Amesius and Grevinchovius 9. Conferences with the Anti-trinitarians are 1. At Geneva of Calvin with Servetus*********** 10. Private Conferences may be added to these as 1. The Vinarian Strigelius and Illyricus concerning free will Adam p. 474. 2. At Argento between Illyricus and Jacobus of Adrea concerning original sin 3. At Swalback between Pareus and Melhusius and other Jesuites 4. At Fontbellack between Peronius and Du Plessis 5. At Paris between Du Moullin and Guntyr 6. Of Fulk Hanmer and Chark with Campian the Jesuite Reinold with Hart which is full of Learning to which others which may be met with of the same kind may be added by the Studious An INDEX of CHAPTERS in the SYNOPSIS of COUNCELS Of COUNCELS 1. Of SYNODS in general pag. 1. 2. JUDAICAL p. 1. 3. APOSTOLICAL p. 8. 4. OECUMENICAL GREEK p. 11. 5. OECUMENICAL LATINE p. 21. 6. CONTROVERTED p. 31. 7. REJECTED p. 41. 8. NATIONAL p. 49. 9. Of CONFERENCES p. 55. A Catalogue of Councels CHAP. 2. Of Judaical Councels Such have been meetings 1 At Sichem pag. 5. 2 At Hierusalem the first pag. 5. 3 At Carmelita pag. 5. 4 At Hierusalem the second pag. 5. 5 At Hierusalem the third pag. 5. 6 At Hierusalem the fourth pag. 5. 7 The Synod of the wise pag. 6. CHAP. 3. Of Apostolical Councels Such Councels are commonly noted 1 For substituting Mathias in the place of Judas p. 9. 2 For the election of seven Deacons p. 9. 3 For the pressing the Ceremonial Law p. 9. 4 For the toleration of some legal Ceremonies for a time p. 9. 5 For the meeting wherein was composed the Apostles Greed every one of them contributing part p. 9. 6 For the Meeting which obtruded to the Church 85 Canons of doubtful Gredit under the notion of the Apostles Authority p. 9. 7 At Antioch p. 9. CHAP. 4. Of Greek Oecumenical Councels or Eastern The more famous of them were 1 The Nicene the first p 12 pag. 13. 2 Of Constantinople the first pag. 13. 3 Of Ephesus the first pag. 13. 4 Of Calcedon p 13. pag. 13. 5 Of Constantinople the second p. 15. 6 Of Constantinople the third p 16. 7 The Nicene the second p 17. CHAP. 5. Of Latine Oecumenical Councels or Western These runne parallel with the Greek 1 At Ariminum p 21. 2 The Laterane p 22 and 23. 3 At Lions p 24. 4 At Vienna pag. 26. 5 At Florence pag. 26. 6 The Laterane the fifth p 27. 7 At Trent p 28. CHAP. 6. Of Controverted Councels Of which sort are 1 At Constantinople the fourth p 31. 2 At Sardis pag. 33. 3 At Syrmina pag. 33. 4 At Quinisext p 34. 5 At Francofurt p 35. 6 At Constance p 36 37. 7 At Basil p 38. CHAP. 7. Of Rejected Councels Among these are noted above the rest 1 At Antioch p 41. 2 At Millaine p 42. 3 At Seleucia p 43. 4 At Ephesus the second p 44. 5 At Coustantinople p 45. 6 At Pisa the first p 46. 7 At Pisa the second p 47. CHAP. 8. Of National Councels They are distributed into 1 Italian p 49. 2 Spanish p 50. 3 French p 51. 4 German p 51. 5 Eastern p 52. 6 African p 52. 7 Brittain p 53. CAP. 9. Of Conferences Ecclesialtical Conferences are meetings of some Divines and such were 1 By order of publick authority of which Classis are those with 1 The dissenting Brethren for composing of their differences viz. 1 At Marpurge p. 56. 2 At Spira p. 56. 3 The Smalchaldioan p. 56. 4 The Intermisiican p. 56. 5 At Altenburg p. 56. 6 At Torge p. 56. 7 At Hetzburg p. 56. 2 the Papists the more eminent of which are 1 At Wormes p. 57. 2 At Ratisbone p. 57. 3 At Possiace p. 57. 4 At Saint Germians p. 57. 5 At Mompelgard p. 57. 6 At Oxford p. 57. 7 At London p. 57. 3 The Lutherans Calvinists Zwinglians among themselves 1 At Malburne 58 2 At Wittenberg 58 3 At Francofurt 58 4 The Anabaptists **** ibid 5 The Remonstrants especially that at Hague **** ibid 6 The Antitrinitarians as 1 At Geneva **** ibid 7 The Disciplinarians ibid 2 A private arbitrary disputation of Learned men to which may be referred the 1 The Vinarian p. 58. 2 At Argentor p. 58. 3 At Swalback p. 58. 4 At Fontbellack p. 58. 5 At Paris p. 58. 6 Of Fulke Hanmer c. with Campian the Jesuite p. 58. 7 Of Reinolds with Hart **** p. 58. FINIS
The Mother of Christ and not the Mother of God In this only Cyrillus of Alexandria is recorded President Whom Nestorius being piously and brotherly invited to a better opinion proudly contemned and having craftily allured Iohn of Antioch unto his Party Anathematized him and the Councell who had formerly Anathematized him 4. The matter being related to the Emperour and throughly understood Cyrillus with his is cleared and Nestorius with his party is banished to Oasis a sandy Habitation where like another Cain roving here and there and blaspheming at length his tongue being consumed and eaten up by worms he breathed out his last 5. There are two copies of this Councel the first observing 8. the second 13. Canons which are comprehended in the Anathema's of Cyrillus 6. They are carpt at by Theodoret but by Cyrillus they are freed from objections 7. The Massilianites termed also Euchites and Enthusiasts were condemned by this Councel and thereby the integrity of the Nicene Creed confirmed vid. Liberatum in Breviar cap. 11. 7. A.D. 455 That of CALCEDON in Bythinia follows consisting of 630. Bishops called by Martianus the Emperour who with his Wife Pulcheria was present at the same against Eutiches Abbot of Corstantinople and Dioscorus of Alexandria his Champion and it condemded the suppositions acts of the Councel held at Ephesus 2. They affirmed one onely nature to be in Christ after his Incarnation to wit his divine Nature 3. Concerning the President of this Councel excepting the Emperour and Judges Moderatours who are not named there is no certainty By favouring parties between Leo the first of Rome and Anatholius Patriarch of Constantinople matters were for the most part transacted 4. The actions according to Caranza which others call Sessions are numbred 16. to which are added 29 Canons 5. These the Romans by no means approved for nothing can withstand their ambition as if the whole world was created for their service for they were ratified by the Greeks after the departure of the Embassadours of Leo of Paschasinus a Lily betan of Lucentius an Asculan c. Neither will they bear with that Canon of the equality of priviledges for the Imperial seat is chalenged by the Constantinopolitans as well as by the Romans wherefore the Rome Lyon roars and his Whelps gnash their teeth as if the principal scope of the Councel was rather the sincerity of Supremacy than of Doctrine Hence the Romans approve only what pleases them and abrogate what they dislike and endeavour by their subtilities to bring it to passe that all may fall down and adore the Beast 6. They received Dioscorus into favour before justly discharged yet almost a Saint in the esteem of the Africans and Abyssenes 7. The recantation of Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus was approved who to favour Nestorius had opposed the Anathema of Cyrillus of Alexandria and he restored to his place who afterwards for his Orthodox writings well deserved of the Church 8. A.D. 532 The second of CONSTANTINOPLE under Justinian had 165 Bishops Menes being President or rather his successor Eutychius Patriarch of Constantinople But Pope Vigilius who came to Constantinople to summon the Emperour yet would not be present at the Councel least a seeming yeelding to Eutychius might be prejudicial to his supremacy 2. The Emperour endeavoured to reconcile the Eutychians and the Orthodox for the publick trenquillity and therefore would have revoaked the Articles concerning the condemning of Theodorus of Mopsuestia and of an Epistle of Iba to Maris a Persian and of Theodoret against Cyrillus that was anathematized But 3. The Western Christians with Pope Vigilius constantly opposed it and confirming not onely the decrees anathematizing those Heretiques with their Heresies of the three preceeding Councells but also of Chalcedon 4. The errours of Origen also expunged which either denyed the Divinity of Christ or the Resurrection of the Bodies or affirmed the restitution of Reprobates and Divells whom the Socinians to this day free from Hell 5. Also Peter of Antioch who pleaded for the Crucifix to be added to the hymne of the Trinity and Amhimus of Constantinople who together with the Empresse Theodora and others strongly favoured Eutyches party with others were comprehended under the same censure 6. There are extant eight Collations of this Councel and fourteen Canons or Anathema's 7. Here we meet with worth our reading a monitory Epistle of Pope Felix to Peter of Antioch and explication of the Doctrine according as Carranza terms it to the exposition of Gregory of New-Cesaria Consult concerning this Synod Zonar in vit Justiniani Niceph. l. 17. c. 27. Gregor l. 1. Ep. 24. Evag. l. 4. d. 34. Liberat. in Breviar c. 23. 24. who should be read with caution according to the admonition of Bellarmine de Eccles l. 1. c. 5. because it doth not please the Roman Palate 9. A.D. 680 The third called at CONSTANTINOPLE under Constantine Pogonatus Pope Agatho procuring it by his Legates 2. In this were convened 150 Bishops they who count 279 or 289 reckon the absent Romans and others consenting thereto here the Emperour himself was President and not the person deputed by the Pope 3. Here were condemned the Monothelites Sergius Cyrus Pyrrhus Peter Paul Theodorus together with Pope Honorius who in the defence of Eutychianism pleaded that there was one only will in Christ For the proof of this Macarius their chief Champion brought suppositious Copies of some Books either by diminishing from them or adding to them And the doting old man Polychronius ridiculously endeavoured to confirm his Heresie by raysing one from the dead 4. It was finished by 18 Actions in which is delivered a clear narration of the whole proceedings of the Synod where the Epistles of Pope Agatho about the third action and of Sophro the Patriarch concerning the eleventh are most worthy to be read 5. The 102 Canons which are commonly charged upon this Councel were not ratified by it but were added by the Fathers 227 years afterwards about the 27th of Justinian the second in the Trullo that is a vaulted Cloyster of the Emperial Palace and from thence they were called Trullians Nor were they at all approved by the Romans because they condemned Pope Honorius and communicated to the Patriarch of Constantinople priviledges equal with the Pope Neverthelesse his Holinesse the Pope of Rome with the Emperour and 227 Fathers subscribed unto them as it is mentioned in the last Canon and others recite out of Joverius 6. Notwithstanding the latter Papists that they might the better derogate from the credit of all these referred the Canon under the title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and quinisext to a supplement of this and the sixth Synod which were destitute of Canons therefore the Latines little esteemed them because they proceeded from the Greeks after their departure 7. This Councel confirmed the Canons not only of general but also of particular foregoing Synods as of Antioch Laodicea and others Moreover it added what were to be approved
Crosses for the Saracen War That by the means thereof 6. Pardon of sinnes might be granted to them that undertook that Warre and their Families This is not mentioned in Joverius and Caranza and Bellarmine himself confesses it is not extant so diligent were the Papists in searching into the secrets of General Councels The II. A.D. 1131 under Lotharius the Emperour and Innocentius the second increased to about 2000 Bishops 2. It gave out 30 Canons lately publisht by Gratian from the Vatican Library which Bellarmine rejects 3. It discharged Peter usurping the Roman Sea after Leo under the name of Anacletus the second 4. It branded for Heretiques Peter of Bruis and Arnaldus of Brixia the Disciple of Peter Abuillard rejecting Pedobaptisme Church buildings and the adoration of the Crosse 5. It proclaimed those lay Persons to be Sacrilegious and incurre the danger of Eternall damnation who receive Tithes 6. It forbad tourneaments and Titles whereby men endangered their lives And 7. It deprived Usurers of the Charge of Christian burial and cursed them to Hell The III. under Frederick the first and Alexander the third by a meeting of 300 Bishops made up the difference between this Alexander and one Octavianus and his successours Gindon and John a German taking up the quarrel with him which dissentions divided Europe into parties 2. The Albigenses under the name of Cathari Publicans and Paterni taking their rise from the Waldenses were here condemned 3. Neither did Lombard the Master of the sentences here escape the ferula who affirmed that Christ according to his Manhood was nothing but was delivered up to the Bishop of Seno to be chastised 4. The ordinations made by the Schismatiques were wholly abrogated 5. Private Oratories and Priests were appointed for those which had the Leprosie 6. The manner of visitation is prescribed for the meeting of Arch-Bishops Bishops and Deacons are not to exercise Episcopal Jurisdiction 7.27 Canons are supposed to be made by this Councel no where distinctly to be had yet they are collected and commended by Math. Parisiensis The IV under Frederick the second and Innocentius the third with 400 Bishops and 80 other Fathers yea saith Bellarmine with 1283 Fathers whereof 673 were Bishops attempted greater matters 2. It rejected the book of Joachimus the Abbot against P. Lombard it condemned 20 Follies of Almaricus especially his denial of Transubstantiation 3. It established Transubstantiation a Popish absolution of subjects from the bond of alleigeance towards superiours and auricular Confession 4. It exacted an Oath from secular Magistrates to expell Heretiques nominated by the Pope 5. It encouraged with indulgences and promises those that went with Crosses for the recovering of the Holy Land under Godfry of Bulloigne 6. It denyed plurallity of Benefices and sale of Reliques 7. There are extant of this 69 or 70 Chapters briefly contracted by Longus who sends the Reader to larger Volumes 5. A.D. 1244 The two Councells at LIONS follows The first called by Frederick the second and Innocentius the fourth 2. In this the magnanimous and pious Emperour well deserved of the Christian Church against the Infidels and after the fourth excommunication at least was deposed by the Pope from his own power and authority and a prohibition made that not any should name him Emperour 3. Being deposed heroically he defends his right with his Gibilines against the Guelphes of the Popish partie 4. Here was expected no President but the Pope who under a pretence of recovering the Holy Land drew 140 Bishops and Abbots to his side that by the fifths of the Church rights they might redeem the East whilst the West rather needed a freedom from the Popish Tyranny 5. Where the Scarlet Hat is designed for the Cardinals and among so many bloudy cruelties by this Antichristian impiety prevailing for above the space of 200 years new feasts are instituted for the cannonizing of Popish Saints 6. The Dominicans Franciscans Carmelites and Augustinians especially encouraged by the Pope do not weaken but rather enlarge and widen the difference 7. The seventeen institutions which are attributed to this Councel are rather Political and Polemical than Ecclesiastical and according to Bellarmines direction are to be found in the sixth of the Decretals The acts are mentioned by Abbas Stadiensis and Thrimerius in his Chronicles Palmerius Platina Onuphrius and others II. A.D. 1272 This Councel was celebrated under Rodolphus the first at Haspurg procured by Gregory the tenth famous for at least 700 Bishops 2. Here was present Michael Paleologus to the Greek Emperour who compelled by necessity brought in his Greeks to subscribe the thirteenth time with the Latines to the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son of which returning to their home after their manner they recanted so little availed a forced assent in sacred matters 3. Aquinas sent for to this Councel dies in the way and Bonaventure their created Cardinal having spent his utmost endeavours against the Greeks breathed his last 4. The Pope for a Subsidie in behalf of the Holy Land requires the tenth of all Ecclesiastical Rights for the space of six years which carefully collected were not an hairs profit to the Eastern Christians under oppression 4. Here was ordered the bowing at the name of Jesus 6. Of this there are 31 Constitutions which may rather be stiled the Popes pleasure than the Councels Determinations 7. They are omitted by the Summulists and are to be found in the sixth of the Decretals 6. A.D. 1311 The Councel held at VIENNA under Henry the seventh noted for 300 Bishops and upwards In this 1. Boniface the eighth perswading Philip the fair to blot him out of the Tables is freed from calumnies cast upon him 2. The Hierusalem expedition is more strongly urged the Templars being removed out of the way for the murthering of the Abissins Embassadour Intenin Hist 〈◊〉 3. Tit. 11. c. 3. and other impieties and Heresis Trithemius hits the mark the Templars were very rich a sufficient pretence for Heresie and their expulsion 3. The Clergy are permitted to take an Oath of Allegiance not of subjection to Lay Magistrates Peter John the Dulcimists the Fraticelli the Begwards and Begwins together with the Lolards are condemned Peter John for that he denied the soul to be the form of man harsh dealing that this should be accounted Heresie the others also though by no means to be born had Fictions laid to their charge Pag. 851. 6. In the sentence of Clement against the Templars mentioned by Longus the Pope challenges not to himself the power and right of Defining but the way of providing or Ordaining that none for the future should enter into that Order unlesse they yielded the goods of the ejected Templars up to the disposal of the Apostolical See 6. The Constitutions of this Councel under the name of Clementine are extant in 5. Books for a Supplement to the Canon Law 7. In which is that famous decree of