the Spanish Court defended the Decree of the Senat very vigorously and in some mesure appeasd the spirit of King Philip who notwithstanding advancd this question upon all occasions The greatest endevours he usd was four years after in the Council of Trent which was the greatest Theatre of Religion and Honor that had been seen above a hundred years before wherof we shall give an exact Relation as followeth Of the Council of Trent A General Council after the Revolt of Luther Anno 1517. was desird by all Christians and often proposd by Charles the fifth and Francis the first of France to Pope Leo the Tenth Clement the seventh and Paul the third who at last convokd an Oecumenical Free Council to be held at Trent which was also kept at Bolonia some part of the time and ther were ten Sessions made in eighteen months Then it ceasd until the death of Paul the third 1549. The Cardinal Iohn Maria de Monte who had bin first President of the Council under Paul 3. succeeded by the the name of Iulius 3. who presently made an Indiction of the Council again which recommencd at Trent Anno 1550. and lasted also under this Pope above 18 months during which time ther were six Sessions but being summond again by the same Iulius it ceasd under Marcellus 2. who held the Pontificat but 22 days Then it continued under Paul 4. Anno 1559. Pius 4. succeeding him made a new Indiction of the Council again which began 1561. under whom it lasted two years during which time the nine last Sessions were made Insomuch that the whole Council by intermissions lasted about eighteen yeers from the year 1545. to 1563. but the Council sate together in deliberation but five years take all the Adjournments together Now to understand the Right of the Precedences of Ambassadors we must know that in the said Council three kinds of Assemblies were made viz. Congregations General Particular Congregations and Sessions In the particular Congregations the Doctors assisted by some Bishops examined Questions of Faith and Reformation according to the distribution that was made them and in this ther was no consideration had of Precedence or Ceremony They were Actions intra privatos parietes within privat Walls In the General Congregation all the Prelats assembled and the Legats presided who proposed what ought to be treated in the particular Congregations There the Theologians were heard and Ambassadors of Princes had audience after their Commissions had been examined In brief all things were concluded there which were to be promulgated in the following Session and Ambassadors had their places there according to their Rank At last the Session was the solemn day at which after the Mass of the Holy Spirit and a Sermon preachd by some Prelat or great Theologian the Prelat Officiating pronounced aloud the Decrees already resolvd upon which had been approvd by the Fathers by this Canonical word Placet Now all Ambassadors had their seats of honor in those Sessions and at Mass and this Honor appeerd by the places where they sate as also by the Censer and Pax which were given them to kiss during the celebration of the Mass. In the Council held by Paul 3. and Iulius 3. Charles the Fifth was Emperour and without any the least contradiction his Ambassadors preceded all others though the French scarce appeerd there and in the 16 first Sessions ther was hardly any Prelat of France so there was no dispute of any precedence at all the Emperour having the first rank and ther was no occasion at all for any Ambassador from the King of Spain because it was involvd then in the Empire yet ther intervend some things which declard the Prerogatives of the King of France First in the Bull of indicting the Council by Paul 3. the King of France is namd expresly after the Emperour and all other Princes spoken of in general terms without any name in these terms Charissimos in Christa Filios nostros Carolum Romanorum Imperatorem semper Augustum Et Christianissimum Regem Franciscum duo praecipua Christiani Nominis firmamenta atque fulchra or are atque obsecrare instituimus Then a little after Supra autem dictos Imperatorem Regemque Christianissimum nec non caeteros Reges Duces Principes quorum praesentia si alias usquam hoc quidem tempore maxime Sanctissimae Christi Fidei Christianorum omnium futura est salutaris rogantes atque obsecrantes per viscera misericordiae Dei c. We have appointed to desire and pray our most dear Sons in Christ Charles Emperour of the Romans always August and Francis the most Christian King the two chiefest Supporters and Props of Christianity c. So that ther is no other Prince particularly namd in the Bull but the Emperour and the King of France the other Kings and Princes go under one general notion which is a great advantage of Honour to the Kings of France Secondly From the entry of the Council 1545. Francis the first of France had appointed for his Ambassadors Claude d' Urfé Seneshal of the Forests Iacques de Ligneres President of the third Chamber of Enquests and Dean Peter Danes afterwards Bishop of Vaur but being advertisd by some Bishops which were at Trent how ther were but little hopes that the said Council was like to have good success he revokd the said Ambassadors who appeerd not at all in the Council But Anthony Filiolo Archbishop of Aix being there and demanding that in the publik Prayers which were made for all Christian Princes the King of France shold be expresly nominated as he was in the Bull of Indiction the Legats eluded this demand insomuch that the Pope and the Emperour were only namd in the Prayers and all other Princes conceavd in General terms In the yeer 1546. King Francis 1. sent Peter Danes Bishop of Vaur for his Ambassador to the Council where making an eloquent Oration he represented the sad state of Christendome and the disorders which were crept into the Church yea into the Roman Court wherupon one Bishop laughd saying Gallus cantat The Cock crows Danes replied suddenly Utinam illo Gallocinio Petrus ad resipiscentiam fletum excitetur I wold to God that by this crowing of the Cock Peter wold be raisd up to repentance and tears And this saying was afterwards in evry ones mouth In the yeer 1547. Paul 3. in regard of the Plague and Wars then in Germany transferrd the Council from Trent to Bolonia but this he did Communicato etiam Consilio cum Imperatore Christianissimo Rege aliis Regibus ac Principibus Christianis where the King of France is particularly namd In the yeer 1551. when Iulius 3. had re-established the Council again at Trent although Hen. 2. the King of France had entred into a hot War against Pope Iulius for the Affairs of Parma yet he employd Iaques Amyot Abbot of Belosana and afterwards Bishop of Auxerre with a Letter bearing this
Emperours and Kings with innumerable sorts of Pilgrims Charlemain came of purpose to do his Devotions in that Church where such mighty miracles are daily wrought Now in Tarragona the most blessed Virgin appeerd to St. Iames and gave him order to erect a Church there which is the ancientst of any in the Christian world Moreover for the predication of the Gospel the hevenly tidings of salvation it began in Spain three yeers after the passion of Christ as it is recorded in the Ecclesiastical History of Baronius and confirmd in the Council of Trent with the whole current of Antiquity so that it can be no less then an Impiety to make any hesitation therin After the predication of St. Iames Saint Paul also came to Spain nay the Prince of the Apostles St. Peter performd a peregrination thither and among others he converted Epinetus so that the Christian Faith was founded in Spain by these three great Pillars of the Church Saint Torquatus Bishop of Guadix was one of the first whom St. Iames reducd to Christ and ther is an Olive-tree planted by his hand which bears fruit to this day and the Bridg is yet remaining which broke and fell down under those who did poursue and persecure the Christians in those days Saint Cecilius his Church neer Granada is standing to this day where also so many miracles and wonderful cures are commonly wrought There also is the famous Valparayso the Valley of Paradise where so many Martyrs sufferd and their Reliques remain to this day as appeers by this Record which I thought worthy to insert here In nomine Dom. nostri Iesu Christi En el anno ix del Pontificado de nuestro santissimo Padre Clemente Octavo y el anno 2. del Reyno del Clementissimo y Catholico Don Philippo 3. Nos Don Pedro de Castro por la gracia de Dios y de la santa sede Apostolica Arsobispo de Granada del consejo del Rey â—…uestro senor con consejo y asenso de los Reverendissimos Prelados Don Iuan de Fonseca Obispo de Guadix del consejo de su Magestad provincial y sufraganeo nuestro y Don Sebastian Quintero Obispo de Gallipoli y Don Alfonso de Mendosa Abad de Alcala la real Aâ—…iendo tratado de las Reliquias que el anno del nacimiento de nuestro Salvador Iâ—…su Christo de 1595. se hallaron deribando una torre antiquisstma en esta santa Iglesia y otras en el monte que Llaman Valparayso el conocimiento y aprobacion de las quales nos pertenece por derecho y por el santo Concilio de Trenta y por comission especial de nuestro muy santo padre Clemente Octavo Visto este processo y todas las informaciones averiguaciones y diligentias en el hechas y aviendo avido conseâ—…o y deliberacion con barones mâ—…y doctos pios y Theologos y de otras facultades con nos congregados y todo lo demas que fue necessario y verse convino Fallamos de un mesmo parecer y asenso en que fueron todos conformes que devemos declarar In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ In the ninth year of the Pontificat of our most holy Father Pope Clement 8. and in the second year of our most merciful and Catholick King Don Philip the 3. We Don Pedro de Castro by the Grace of God and the holy Apostolik Seat Archbishop of Granada of the Council of the King our Lord with the counsel and consent of the most reverend Prelats Don Iohn of Foâ—…seca Bishop of Guadix of his Majesties Council our Comprovincial and Suffragan and Don Sebastian Quintero Bishop of Gallipoli and Don Alonso de Mendosa Abbat of Alcala Having treated of the Reliques which were found 1598. by pulling down a Wall in this most ancient Church with others in the Mount Valparayso the knowledge and approbation wherof belongs to Us by the holy Council of Trent and by special commission from our holy Father Clement the 8. The process herof being seen with the Informations Averiguations and diligences done therein and having taken the advice and deliberation of most learned and pious Theologues with other Faculties which was convenient and necessary to be done We find according to the concordant and unanimous consent of all that we ought to declare and we do hereby declare define and pronounce the said Reliques in this process containd viz. the one half of the cloth wherwith the glorious Virgin Mary wipd her Tears at the passion of her Son our Saviour and a bone of St. Stephen the Protomartyr are the tru cloth of our Lady and bone of St. Stephen and that having bin hidden lockd up and kept in the Wall of a most ancient Tower which was built neer this Church being put in a Leaden Box lind within and without and within the said Box a Letter of most ancient parchment wherein Patricius the Priest relates the said Reliques to be and that he did hide them there by the command of Saint Cecilius and all was found within the said Box upon St. Iosephs day 19 of March by pulling down and destroying the said Tower We likewise declare define and pronounce the said Bone Dust and Ashes and white Morter which were found in Valparayso to be really the Reliques of holy Martyrs who now rejoyce and raign with God in Heven viz. of Saint Cecilio Saint Hiscio Saint Cthesiphon Disciples to the most blessed Apostle Saint Iames Zebedeus and of Saint Setentrio and Patricio Disciples of St. Cecilio and of Turillo Panuncio Maronio Centulio Disciples of Saint Hiscio and of St. Maximinio and Lupario Disciples of St. Cthefiphon and St. Mesiton And the said Saints sufferd Martyrdome some by fire being burnt alive some shut up in the Caves and Caverns of the said Mountains for the Faith of our Redeemer Jesus Christ and for preaching and publishing his Gospel in the second yeer of the raign of Nero St. Cecilio with his Disciples suffring upon the Calends of February St. Hiscius on the Calends of March and St. Cthesiphon with his Disciples on the Calends of April as four Leafs of Lead do manifestly shew in Latin Letters written in most ancient characters with other old Instruments of Lead all which was hidden and found in the caverns of the said Mountains and never discoverd until now and this process is verified and God hath confirmd it by divers miracles In consequence wherof we declare that the said Reliques ought to be receavd honord reverencd adord with honor and holy worship as the tru Reliques of the most blessed Virgin our Lady and of the said Martyrs who raign now wâ—…h God according as the holy Catholik Church doth accustome to have in due veneration such Reliques of Saints and expose them to publik view to that effect That they may be incited to invoke them accordingly And we with others here congregated do so receave and reverence them commanding that they
great many by the Kings favor are daily ennobled Such a gallant Goverment France hath for the common Incolumity and publik defence of the Country and for the employment of the Gentry who are more numerous there then in any Kingdome els wherby the tru Rules of Policy are observd that shold be in a Monarchy which are For the King to command The Nobles to execut and The Peeple to obey and indeed the Peeple shold know nothing els but how to obey Now one of the prime Principles in France is to keep the common Peeple under a perfect subjection so that they may not be able to do any hurt And if they are kept poor hereby let them thank themselfs for if they were pamperd with wealth They wold be ever and anon kicking at Goverment for we know ther is not a more instable hair-braind Monster in the world then the Common Peeple as England of late yeers hath had such woful experience Touching the Civil Goverment of France and administration of Justice it is of that high esteem that divers Forren Princes have referrd their Causes to be determind to the Court of Parlement in Paris as a Consistory of high Reason and Integrity It stands upon record how the Emperour Frederik the second referrd the controversies betwixt him and Pope Innocent the fourth touching the Kingdome of Naples to the decision of this Court En dernier ressort to pass a Definitif unappealable Judgement The Count Namurs in a Difference twixt him and Charles de Valois did cast himself upon the verdict of this Court Philip Prince of Tarentum overcame the Duke of Burgundy in this Court touching the Expences he was at in recovering the Greek Empire The Dukes of Lorain have in divers things stood to the Arbitrament and Justice of this Court They of Cambray when they were a Free Peeple have been willing to be tryed by this Court The Confederacy also of the Kingdome of Castile and Portugal was confirmd by this Court. Now the reason why this Court gains such a high Repute is That none are admitted to sit in that Tribunal but persons of known Integrity Erudition and Gallantry which made Henry the second as Lansius hath it when by the importunity of a great Princess he had recommended one to sit there and being a person but of shallow parts and so rejected the King said merrily Ie pensois que parmy tant de Ginets un Asâ—…e pourroit bien passer I thought that among so many Ginets one Ass might have passd well enough Besides this of Paris ther are divers other Courts of Parlement and Praesidial Seats dispersd up and down the Country in such a convenient distance that the Client may not be put to make long Journies for Justice and that the Poor be not oppressd by the Rich for want of means to make such long Journies wherby they suffer the suit to fall as many use to do in England in the remotest places from London for want of such Courts I will conclude also this third Argument with some choice Verses of Ludovicus Bologninus a celebrated Civilian Francorum Reges sacro sub nomine nati Consilio semper valuerunt semper Armis Sanctaque fautores Bonitatis Iura tenentes Appellat Romana suos Ecclesia gnatos Et Primogenitos tali sunt nomine digni His Deus Imperium dedit sua Iura tuetur Unguntur sancti fiunt quicunque creantur The fourth Argument A Religione Nobilitate Ecclesiae from Religion and Nobleness of the Church SOme Authors affirm that when our Saviour sufferd upon the Cross He lookd towards France whence they infer that it was a blessed Omen that Christian Religion shold florish most in that Kingdome Moreover it is a rare and indeed an unparallelld thing that ther was in France before the passion of our Saviour a Church viz. Ecclesia Carnotensis as it remains upon good record which was dedicated Virgini Pariturae to the Virgin that shold bear as we read ther was in Greece an Altar erected 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To the unknown God This made the Emperour Iulius Caesar who had felt the pulse of that peeple more then any other to give this Encomium of them in his Commentaries Natura est omnium Gallorum admodum dedita Religioni T is the nature of all the Gauls to be much addicted to Religion As in the dark times of Paganism they were observd to be so devout so since the glorious Light of Christianity did shine upon the Flower de Luces the French Nation hath bin found to be transported with an extraordinary zeal to Religion And this Heavenly Light began to shine and shoot its Rays betimes for we read that Iraeneus one of the first Primitive Fathers was Bishop of Lions and he was Disciple to Polycarpus and Polycarpus was Disciple to St. Iohn the Evangelist by whom he was sent from Asia among the Gaules for the plantation and propagation of Christian Faith as St. Hierome relates St. Hilarius who was another Father of the Primitive Church was also Bishop of the Picts in France where he composd his excellent Works which are partly Expository partly Controversial though ther occur often some African barbarous Latin words in them as disfrocite for degenerate Zabulus for diabolus c. What a multitude of Hevenly Martyrs hath France had for in all the ten Persecutions ther were some of them signd still their Faith with their bloud In the Emperour Valerians time ther were famons French Martyrs as Florentius Bishop of Vienna Pontius Cassius Victorinus Liminius Anatolianus with others whom Gregory Turonensis mentions and whose names are enrolld in the Catalog of Saints to all posterity And this was a little before the unluckly Novatian Heresie crept into France and infected divers other Countries Nay to go higher up and to the very source of Christianity ther are some Authors who avouch that St. Paul was in France and that the chief Church in Vienna was built by him as this ancient Verse there engraven shews Paulus praeco Crucis tibi dat primordia Lucis Ther be other Authors who affirm that St. Peter also was in France And that ther landed at one time in Marseilles Lazarus Mary Magdalen Martha and Marcella as it is recorded in a Manuscript of the English History in the Vatican wherof Baronius makes mention And about that time Ioseph of Arimathea that Noble Decurion passd through France into Britain with the foresaid Marcella who was she that is mentiond in the Gospel who being divinely inspird cryed out with a loud voice when Christ was preaching Happy is the womb that brought Thee forth and the paps that gave Thee suck Spencaeus also makes mention that St. Luke was in France As also Savinianus one of the 72 Disciples and Martialis another of them who some do affirm to be He who sold the five Barly Loaves and the two Fishes wherwith our Saviour fed five thousand And if the Holy Reliques of
degree of Doctor which was practisd accordingly But to content the Spaniard it was couched in the Register of the Council that the French Doctor Maillart had spoken according to his antiquity into Doctorship no relation being had to precedence of Nation In the same year 1563. on Easter-day the Count of Luna was receavd at Trent at his entry he marchd between the Ambassadors of the Emperour and the King 's of France This action passd with much honor and civility twixt both Nations and the same time the Cardinal of Lorain writ to the Emperour Ferdinand who was then at Insbrug in the County of Tirol three days distant from Trent upon divers affairs of the Council and at the end prayed him to find out some temperament for allaying the dispute of Precedence twixt the two Crowns But this clause of the Cardinal to the Emperour was blamd by divers for he shold not have desird a temperament in the business but demanded Right The Emperour made answer That it did not concern him to determine the Differences twixt the two Kings in this particular But to speak his sentiment herin He thought that if the French Ambassadors come immediatly after His and that none disturbs them what matter is it where the Spanish Ambassadors sit But these words were held to be of dangerous consequence For in point of Precedence whosoever quits his place is presumed to scorn it and seek after a higher which cannot be done without a prejudice to them who sate higher before Upon the 21 of May at the General Congregation the intention of the Spaniards appeerd more cleer The Count of Luna after the foresaid solemn Entry absconded himself for 40 days without appeering openly in any Ceremony or publik Act and so being puzzled what cours to take in this busines Somtimess he resolvd to enter the Assembly in the midst of the Emperours Ambassadors aud after they were â—…ate to stand by them while his Commission was verified and then retire to his House But thinking this cours not generous enough for his Masters honor He prayed the French Ambassadors not to be there that day which being denied him the Spanish Bishops proposd that Secular Ambassadors shold be prayed not to enter into the General Congregations but only the day of their Reception and that They wold be contented to assist the Ceremony at the Session only alledging that it was practisd so in other General Councils But all the Ambassadors did mainly oppose this Then it was privatly suggested to the Spanish Bishops by the Count of Luna that they shold propose some point that might make the French Ambassadors Parties and so not capable to sit in the Assembly As for example they shold represent the Domages which the whole Church hath receivd by the peace which the King of France had made with the Hugonots or some such other thing But that also taking no effect and the Congregation being put to delays from day to day by the obstinacy of the Count of Luna at last that the Affairs of the Council shold not be retarded the Cardinal of Lorain and the French Ambassadors declard to the Legats that provided their place shold remain immediatly after the Imperial Ambassadors they did not much heed what place the Ambassadors of Spain shold take This weakness of the Cardinal and of the French Ambassadors did scandalize all Christendome and in France they blamd Him to have betrayed the Honor of their Master Nay the Fathers of the Council took it in ill part and at Rome the Cardinal de Bourdesiere who was with the Pope for the King having complaind of this Spanish Ambition and of this Innovation introducd against the Ancient Orders Pope Pius made answer That he shold blame the French Ambassadors and their imbecility For his part although he had bin sollicited before and after the Count of Luna's arrival at Trent that he shold favor this dessein yet He remaind constant and inflexible and He wonderd that the French Ambassadors were wrought upon so easily The great day of the Congregation being come and evry Ambassador having taken his place the Count of Luna enters and seats himself face to face to the Legats a good distance from the bank of the Ambassadors and standing up he presents his Orders and the Will of his Master protesting afterwards that although the first place was due to him after the Emperours Ambassador as representing the greatest Prince of Christendom the greatest Pillar of the Church c. yet not to introduce any confusion in the affairs of the Council he deported himself from this Right yet with condition that this his Protestation shold be inserted in the Acts of the Council and that they shold not be printed or publishd without it besides that a Copy shold be delivered Him by the Secretary of the Council When he had said these words he took the place which was appointed Him neer the Table of the Secretary of the Council Therupon the French Ambassadors who were next the Imperials said That if the place which they had were not the most Honorable after the Emperours as it was acknowledgd in all Councils and namely in the Council of Constance and in the last Lateran Council held under Leo the tenth Or if the place they had given the Count of Luna was any way prejudicial to them they prayed the Council to provide presently either by Orders Commandments Excommunications or other courses taken in such a case without having any regard to the person But because no body spake a word and that also the Imperial Ambassadors connivd at this Innovation although they had equal interest to hinder it as well as the French because it might be disputed on against them they added that without any blemish to the Honor of King Philip and to the alliance of the two Crowns they protested for a nullity of these Proceedings and requird that their Protestation might also be inserted in the Acts of the Council and a Copy deliverd them After these Disputes the Fathers of the Council not saying any thing Fontidon a Spanish Doctor made a Latin Oration in the name of the Count of Luna wherin he exalted the Grandeur of the King of Spain His Zeal to Religion and the Church in such extravagant expressions and so derogatory to other Princes that the Imperial Ambassadors themselfs made complaint therof to the Count of Luna who excusd himself saying That that Harang had displeasd Him as much as any other Now the Promoter of the Council having made answer to the said Oration the Spanish Ambassador suddenly went from the Assembly not staying until the Legats had risen up it seems of purpose to prevent a Dispute that might happen with the French which He observd also in the following Congregations sitting always a part and going out alone But the same Order could not be observd in the Church upon the day of the Session because the mode of sitting was otherwise and the Ceremonies were
more precise in point of Precedencie as that of the Pax and Censer at the celebration of Masse Therfore the Fathers of the Council consulted the Pope before the Session who being gaind by the Spaniards and thinking also that the French wold shew another trick of weakness He writ to his Legats That although in the Session a place was given apart to the Spanish yet that the Pax and Censer shold be given to both the Ambassadors at one time But they were commanded to keep the business secret until the very point of the action to prevent that the French shold make no stir The day of the Session being come which was 29 Iune being St. Peters day after that the Bishop of Valdasto in Savoy had begun to sing the Mass of the Holy Spirit ther was suddenly a chair of Black Velvet brought from the Sacristia or Vestry which was plac'd twixt the last Cardinal and the first Patriark wherin the Count of Luna sate The Cardinal of Lorain together with the French Ambassadors made a great noise and did rise up with an intention to depart when they understood that the Pax with the Censer shold be presented at the same time But for fear to trouble the solemnity of the act they were contented to protest only against it and to declare that the Right of the King of France did not consist in an Equality but in Precedence The Gospel being read and a Theologue going up to the chair to make an Oration the Legats with the Cardinal of Lorain and the other Cardinals with the Ambassador of the Emperour and Ferrier the second French Ambassador for Lansac was returned to France and had left behind him Ferrier and Pybrack I say all these enterd into the Sextry whither they calld the Archbishop of Granada a Spaniard to find out some way of Accommodation at last after many disputes and contestations on both sides with many entrances and returns of the Count of Luna it was concluded that Mass shold be ended with the Pax or Censer wherupon Luna went out of the Church accompanied by his Spaniards triumphing as it were that he had made this first pass for the advantage and honor of his Master This action seemd very scandalous and the Legats were much cryed down until at last being not able to bear the outcry they were constrained to produce the Commands they had receavd from Rome and the Injury was held the more sensible because it was offerd to an Infant and Pupil King as Charles the ninth was who was at the same time assiegd by the Hugonots and entangled in a Civil War The Cardinal of Lorain did write stinging Letters to the Pope yet all within the compass of Reverence But Ferrier being a spritful and violent man cryed aloud That if at the first publick Masse the Preference of the Pax and Censer was not given to his Master He wold protest not only against the Legats and the Council who had their hands as it were tied up nor against King Philip who made use of these advantages nor against the Church of Rome towards which he wold never loose due respects but against the proper person of the Pope himself who as he wold prove had bought the Pontificat and so wold appeal from Him to a Legal Pope and to a free and tru Council And if the most Christian King his Master wold convoke a National Council it shold be as numerous and It is very tru that Ferrier and Pybrak had prepard a most acrimonious Harang against the Pope and against this Innovation which Ferrier was to pronounce and to command at the same time all the French Bishops and Doctors to retire home with a promise they shold return when God shold please to give his Church a Legal Pope and re-establish the Councils in their ancient and full Liberties This Harang was printed but not pronouncd in the mean time the Count of Luna did glory that the Legats had promisd Him that at the first Masse he shold be receavd in an Equality touching the Pax and the Censer The Legats apprehending some ilfavourd issue from these rancounters and because the Ambassador of Poland declard that if the Ambassador of France wold withdraw himself from the obedience of the Council he wold quickly follow him as the Ambassadors of divers other Princes wold do The Legats and the most advised Members of the Council specially Madruccio Cardinal of Trent in behalf of the Emperour thought it expedient to sing publick Masse without giving the Pax or the Censer wherunto they had the consent of the Count of Luna This is the cours which was taken to offer so signal an affront to the King of France wherof so much hath been spoken and which hindred the good that was expected in France from this great Council A little after the Cardinal of Lorain retird to Rome and Ferrier declaimd loudly in one General Congregation against the enormities and disorders which had crept into the Church c. The Pope took this much to heart and for to sweeten the business he sent the Cardinal of Lorain back again to the Council with full authority to regulat together with the Legats what was amiss in the Proceedings of the Council He assisted at the twenty fourth Session held the 11 of Novemb. 1563. the day of the Sacrament of Marriage and having receavd order from France to retire speedily with all the French Bishops the Legats hastned the conclusion of the Council and inorderd that the five and twentieth and last Session shold be held the third and fourth day of December wherin as before the French Ambassadors took place and the Count of Luna sate neer the Secretary of the Council and in the publick Masses ther was no speech either of the Pax or Censer So the Council of Trent finishd the 4 of December 1563. and Cardinal Moron who was then President gave the publik Benediction to the Fathers saying Post gratias Deo actas reverendissimi Patres Ite in pace Most reverend Fathers after giving God thanks go in peace wherunto all answerd Amen But because the custome is that at the end of evry General Council acclamations shold be made to felicitat the Popes who had convoqud it the Fathers who had held it and the Princes who had assisted the Cardinal of Lorain took a particular care this shold be performd for which he was censurd as a care too inferior to his Eminence which he shold have left to the Deacons Promoters Secretaries and Masters of the Ceremonies of the Council But above all he was blamd that in the Acclamation made for the Secular Princes he causd not the name of the King of France to be particularly mentiond as it was observd in the Bull of Indiction and for omission wherof complaint was made that Pius the fourth did it not wherof the Cardinal could not be ignorant Now the Acclamation that was made in favor of the Secular Princes wherin the
impensius quam caeteris gentibus supremus Ille Rerum Fabricator indulsit Quae nec Austrinis obnoxia aestibus nec Arctois subjecta frigoribus mediâ fovetur Axis utriusque temperte Quae hinc Pyreneis montibus Illinc Oceani aestibus inde Tyrrheni Maris littoribus coronatae Natura solertis ingenio velut alter Orbis includitur Adde tot egregias Civitates adde culta incultaque vel fructibus plena vel gregibus Adde auriferorum opes fluminum adde radâ—…antium Metalla gemmarum Scio fabulas Poetarum auribus mulcendis repertas aliquando nonnullis gentibus attribuisse Miracula quae dum sint vera sunt singula nec jam excutio veritatem c. In the first place thy Country is Spain a Land happier then all Lands which for Agriculture and Riches the supreme Fabricator of all things hath indulgd more favorably then other Nations for it is not obnoxious to Southern Heat nor subject to Northern Cold but is cherishd with a middle temper of both the Poles This side Spain is crownd with the Pyrenean Hills on that side with the Breezes of the Ocean then with the shores of the Mediterranean Sea being fencd by the industrious hand of Nature as if she were another world Adde herunto so many gallant Cities Adde cultivated and incultivated places all either full of Fruit or Cattle Adde the Wealth of the Gold-bearing Rivers Adde Mines of shining Metals c. The Renown of the Spanish Nation was before that of the Romans for the fame of their Valour did ring among the Greeks in the VVars of Peloponnesus and Alcibiades in an Oration that Thucydides mentions of his calls them Fortissimos Pugâ—…acissimos omnium Barbarorum The Valiantst and VVarlikst of all the Barbarians as the Greeks termd then all other Nations besides themselfs which the Romans did afterwards Annaeus Florus calls Spain Bellatricem Viris Armisque Nobilem Annibalis Eruditricem Warlike Noble for Men and Arms and who taught Hannibal for all the Exploits which he performd he did with Spaniards And observable it is that after the Romanes had invaded the Provinces of Spain they were the last whom they subdued fighting in Her and for Her in many desperat doubtful Battails being somtimes Victors somtimes Vanquishd the space of about two hundred long yeers wheras they did spend not neer so much time in bringing under the Roman yoke any other Country unless it was Great Britain now England who also wrastled so long before she could be reducd to a general obedience which discovers the innated stoutness of the two Nations wheras all Gallia was brought under in less then Ten years which may be the reason that Iulius Caesar their Conqueror shold say Plebe Galliae nihil contemptibilius Ther 's nothing so contemptible as the Peeple of Gallia Argum. 2. That the Catholik King may challenge Precedence by the Authority of General Councils and the Learned Doctors of the Church THe Philsopher beats still upon the Anvil of Reason to make his Conclusions good The Mathematician by practical and visible Experiments brings his Conclusions to Demonstrations The Jurists and Theologues do commonly make good their Tenets by Authority of the Ancients by Examples of Antiquity And indeed Responsa Patrum Consulta Prudentum have bin much reputed in all Ages ther was always a venerable and religious esteem had of them so that it is held one of the strongest ways of disputing therfore the dint of this second Argument shall be to produce the Authority of ancient Oecumenical Councils that the Noble Kingdome of Spain hath had the Precedence from time to time of France and consequently of all other Countries But let this previous Advertisement go before That superiority of session and subscription in General Councils hath bin diversly usd For sometimes the Bishops have not subscribd taken place or given their suffrages in their own names but in the name of the Province or Kingdom which they represented and in that case ther is not so much regard had of the Person or antiquity of Consecration but the Dignity of the Nation as it appeers in two Decrees of Gratianus Therfore the Bishop of Milan did subscribe before him of Ravenna though Ravenna be much the more ancient This cours was observd in the Nicene Council where the Bishops voted and subscribd not according to Priority of Consecration but Dignity of Provinces and of the Souverain Prince who sent them The like cours was taken in the first Constantinopolitan Council and others But as Baronius observes to sit on the Right-hand doth nor always imply superiority of place for he relates according to the ancient order of Rome that the Priests had sometimes the Right hand of the Bishops as appeers by these words Sedebunt ex locali dispositione ut intrantibus Ecclesiam Episcopi sint ad sinistram Presbyteri verò ad dexteram quando Pontifex sederit ad eos respexerit Episcopos ad dextram Presbyteros intueatur ad sinistram They shall sit by local disposition so that in entring the Church the Bishops shall be on the Left hand and the Priests on the Right but when the Pope shall be sate and looks upon them the Bishops shall be on the Right and the Priests on the Left In the first Act of the Nicene and Chalcedonian Synod it is left upon record that the Pontificial Legats sate on the Left hand the Bible being placed in the middle of the Hall which denoted that Christ was present and President Moreover in the celebration of the Masse the Epistle is read upon the Right hand and the Gospel on the Left though we know the Gospel to be the worthier of the two This being premisd we will now to the promised Authorities of ancient Councils We read that in the time of the Apostles and the very infancie of the Church ther were four publik Assemblies or Councils The first was of about 120 of the Faithful who met to elect and substitut Matthias to be Apostle in the room of Iudas The second was to choose Deacons in whose number the blessed Protomartyr St. Stephen was one The third was to confute Cerinthus the Heretique and whether Circumcision was to continue The fourth was to give the Circumcision an honorable Burial Now it is to be observd that before the two last were held St. Iames the Apostle had travelld Spain and having reducd that Peeple to Christianity he brought over some of them to Hierusalem who were in all probability present at those two last Councils for in the Acts of the Apostles we read that all the Faithful were at them Then was St. Iames the first Converter of Spain made the first Martyr of all the Apostles being beheaded by Herod Agrippa 44 Anno after the Incarnation of our Saviour It having appeerd that some Spaniards had bin at the first Councils of the Apostles We will now pass to the Nicene Council pretermitting the Ancyritan and Illiberitan Synods with others Now That of Nice was
be kept in safe custody and in a decent place according to the plesure and appointment of the most Reverend Archbishop that shall be then of this Church And we further declare the said Valparayso and the Caverns wherin those blessed Saints sufferd Martyrdom to be holy places which ought to be reverencd and honord and have prerogatives accordingly as the holy Canons do allow to such places And so we pronounce this our sentence and firm it with our Names sealing it also with our Seals Petrus de Castro Archiep. Granatensu Iohannes Episcopus Guadix S. Episcopus Gallipoli Alfonsus Abbas Besides these ther was after due process made a sentence passd also for seven more great Saints viz. St. Secundus Episcopus Abulensis where his body is had in great reverence to this day St. Indalecius Episcopus Urcetanus in the Kingdome of Aragon upon the confines of Navarre St. Cthesiphon Bishop of Almeria St. Hesichius St. Euphrasius Episcopus Illurgitanus of Iaen in Andaluzia who as Baronius affirms was Auditor and Disciple to St. Iames the Apostle and was ordained Bishop anno Christi 43. in the raign of Claudius Caesar. Besides these seven ther is Athanasius and Theodorus neer the body of the holy Apostle the one on the right the other on the left hand of the Apostle preserved with great vigilance to this day Now all these Martyrs and Patrons of Spain are mentioned by Cardinal Baronius and Galesinus in their Martyrologies as also by Vaseus Morales and Mariana c. Now that St. Paul was in Spain hear what Pope Gregory the seventh saith in his Epistle Gregorius Episcopus Servus servorum Dei Alfonso Sanctio Regibus Hispaniae Abbatibus Episcopis in ditione sua constitutis salutem Apostolicam Benedictionem Cum B. Apostolus Paulus Hispaniam se acti isse significet ac postea 7 Episcopos ab Urbe Roma ad instituendos Hispaniae populos à Petro Paulo Apostolis directos fuisse qui destructa Idololatria Christianitatem fundaverunt Religionem plantaverunt ordinem officium in Divinis cultibus agendis ostenderunt sanguine suo Ecclesias seminârunt vestra diligentia non ignoret quantam concordiam cum Romana Urbe Hispania in Religione ordine Divini Officii habuisset satis patet It appeers herby as by a world of testimonies besides what a sweet harmony and concordance ther hath bin always twixt Spain and Rome And how that the predication of Christian Faith with the institution therof begun by the Apostle St. Iames was increasd by Peter and Paul and confirmd by the seven forementioned Martyrs who were Auditors and Disciples of St. Iames besides many others whose names are found in the Book of Martyrologies In the second persecution under Domitian after the cruelties of Nero Eugenius Bishop of Toledo was Disciple of Dionysius Areopagita This Eugenius being a man excellent for wisdome and Doctrine made choice of the City of Toledo for his fear as being situated in the centre of the Kingdome that the Spirit of Christ might be diffusd thence as from the heart into the whole body of the Country The Body of which Eugenius was removd from France into the great Church of Toledo and carried upon the sholders of the most religious King Philip 2 part of the way Anno 1565. Moreover it stands upon good record according to Mariana how Pope Clement St. Peters immediat Successor sent Philip and Marcellus into Spain as Legats and with Letters and commission accordingly And it is agreed by all that they were the first Legats and they carried the first Letters that ever were sent from Rome by any Nuncios which are to be found to this day in the Church of Compostella In the third persecution of Trajan Sanctus Mancius florishd in Spain who was one of the seventy two Disciples of our Saviour and servd him at administration of the Holy Sacrament and spread his vestment when he entred into Ierusalem upon Palm-Sunday who afterwards was made a glorious Martyr Vaceus relates an Epitaph which runs thus Belila Hispana seâ—…va Iesu Christi requievit in Domino Obiit aera 115. hoc est anno Dom 77. Belila a Spaniard servant of Jesus Christ did rest in the Lord she died in the yeer 77 after the passion Venerus writes that this Epitaph was found in Biscay Ther is another Epistle of Pope Clement written to the Bishops of Spain which is also conservd in compostella-Compostella-Church to this day And this was the state of the Spanish Church the first century of yeers after the Nativity of Christ wherin Iohn the Evangelist livd during which time thirteen Bishopricks are registred in Spain and a great number of the Faithful for in the City of Pampelona 40000 were converted and Biscay or Cantabria was most inhabited by Martyrs as Iraeneus relates an Author who was neer the time of the Apostles Furthermore ther was a most signal and notable rare thing happend in Spain for the same night that our blessed Saviour was born ther were three Suns appeerd visibly in the Spanish Region which by gentle degrees came to concentre into one Out of these premises it is apparent that the first Martyr-Apostle preachd in Spain That he erected there the first Church dedicated to the blessed Virgin That she appeerd there being conducted by Angels That the body of St. Iames lieth there inhumd wiâ—…h so much state And this was before ther was any predication of Christian Doctrine in France so that the first Faithful the first Apostle the first Church the first Apostolical Nuncio and first Epistle was sent by Pope Clement the first into Spain St. Paul did second what St. Iames had begun and all this is confirmd by St. Irenaeus one of the first among the Primitive Fathers Argum. 4. Proving That the King of Spain may challenge Precedence because he is the Catholik King which is a more ancient Title then Christianissimus ONe of the greatest Foundations wheron France doth build her right to a Precedence is that she wold perswade the world that her Kings are more Ancient both in the reception and profession of Christianity which assertion being well examind and discussd it will appeer that both generally and privatly ther were Catholik Kings in Spain before any in France and to proceed more methodically we will deduce the business from the beginning We know that the blessed Apostle St. Iames was put to death with the sword by Herod as appeers in the Epistle of Pope Leo touching his Martyrdome and the translation of his Body into Spain which Epistle he destinated for the Spaniards wherin He relates that when the Iews had hurld his whole body without the City to be devourd by Beasts and Birds his Disciples having notice therof in his life-time they recoverd the whole body head and all in the night-time and carried it to Ioppa for transportation of it to Spain where being careful for the embarcation therof they found a ship ready in the
Port and some say it was of stone where after thanks being given to God they placd the body of the most holy Apostle and after many dangers they arrivd at Iria Flaria now calld Padron thence they carried it to Liberum Donum now calld Compostella where they entombd it in a Marble Monument But as the Disciples were seeking for a place fit for so great an Apostle they made their address to Queen Luparia or Lupa who sent them to King Philotrus who casting them into an obscure prison they were freed by an Angel and while the soldiers were in pursute of them they were all drownd in a River the Bridg and all falling down with them by which miracle King Philotrus was converted But Luparia continuing obstinat she threw their Bodies to Bulls and Dragons wherof some they slew and some grew mild Then Luparia being orecome by these miracles causd a Temple to be erected there for the holy Apostle as Faber out of Sophorinus doth affirm And although Morales makes a doubt herof in regard that Spain was then subject to the Romans and so could have no Kings yet ther might be some Kings there though subject and tributary to Rome as Herodes Agrippa was in Hierusalem and as Queen Candacis was But because these passages are so overgrown with yeers let us hasten to later times The second signal time that Spain receavd extraordinary influence of Christian Faith was in the raign of Constantine the great who was so glorious an Instrument to the Church his Mother a British Lady being a Christian and Osius a Spanish Bishop having taken so much pains for his conversion Then Theodosius who did propagat the Faith more openly and did destroy the Pagan Churches which were stuffd with Idols was by Nation a Spaniard and his sons who succeeded him in the Empire The third time was when the seat of the Roman Empire being translated to Constantinople divers rough Northern Nations broke in and seazd upon most parts of the Western Territories therof so that the Goths invaded Spain and came to possess it and then by the special benediction of God ther was a Catholik King in Spain before any in France For an 554. Athanagildus King of the Goths according to the currant consent of all Historiographers professd the Christian Faith as Lucas Tudensis hath it Then succeeded him Leonegiâ—…dus Then a little after came Richaredus and in his raign the whole Kingdome of Spain became Catholik and florishd exceedingly But the French object that Anno 496. Clodovaeus was baptizd by St. Rhemigius and so had the start of Richaredus in Christianity but to that t is answerd That the whole Kingdome of France was not then converted Nor was He King of all the Kingdome as Richaredus was of Spain For Gregorius Turonensis relates that Clodovaeus with his two sisters were baptizd and three thousand French more the whole Kingdome came not to be Christian a good while after wheras all Spain was reducd entirely to the Faith a good while before and did make open profession therof in the Council of Toledo Moreover a good part of France was then subject to Theodoricus King of the Ostrogoths who then raignd in Italy who were of the Arrian Heresie But Spain was then totally under Richaredus whence may be inferrd that Spain generally had a Christian King before France But if we divide Spain into Provinces ther were divers of them had Christianity planted and publiquely preferrd before Clovis for Rechiarius King of the Suevians was Christian Anno 440. Furthermore t is very observable that from Richaredus no King in Spain fell from the true Catholick Church wheras divers in France did after Clodoveus as Chilperik and others witness what Gaguinus writes Nec multò post Chilpericus cujus malitia ut in Homines multis fraudibus perspicua esset in Deum quoque impietatem meditatus est de divina quidem Trinitate ita credi noluit ut tres in Illa Personas sed unam confiteretur c. Not long after Chilperik whose malice was so evident against men did meditat malice also against God for he wold not confess three but one Person in the Trinity And Mausonius saith Chilpericus cùm multis rebus impiè gestis Deum sibi iratum reddidisset mense quarto à Natali Clodovaei successoris sui apud Callam vicum Parisiorum occididitur Chilperik when for many things impiously committed he had made God angry with him was killd in Calla a small Village of the Parisians And in this last Age the last King of France before Hen. 4. having done some acts of Impiety as imprisoning of Cardinals and other things it induced a Brother of the Dominican Order to dispatch him violently out of the world Besides a King of Spain Rechiarius was the first who out of a Zeal to protect the tru Religion made the first War against the Enemies therof which were the Arrian Goths and ever since the Kings of Spain have bin the greatest Champions and Propugnators of the Catholik Church upon all occasions But now we will take in hand the Titles of Christianissimus and Catholik and make it appeer that the Kings of Spain had the one before the French Kings had the other and because that Names are the Images of Things we will give you their primitive derivations The first Propagators of Christianity we all know were the holy Apostles and their Disciples but some of the latter falling into errors the Orthodoxal Disciples to distinguish themselfs from the false calld themselfs Christians which name they first assumd at Antioch and then it grew general being derivd from Christ and Christ a Crismate or Unction It was afterwards raisd to a superlatif to Christianissimus which was first given to the Emperors and to this day as Castaldus observes they are solemnly prayed for in Oratione Parasceue in Good-Friday-Prayer evry yeer Oremus pro Christianissimo Imperatore nostro wherin Ferrault is deceavd by attributing it onely to the French King Moreover divers Kings of Spain had that Title given them upon oceasion as all the Spanish Annalists do aver For Richaredus was calld Christianissimus Anno 589. and after him Sisebutus Anno 616. when he expelld the Iews out of the Territories of Spain and Cinthillanus is calld so in the sixth Council of Toledo and Pope Leo writing to Quirico calls Flavium Ervigium then King of Spain Christianissimum in the fourth Council of Toledo and this was before Charlemain who first bore that Title in France Ramirus King of Aragon and Sancho 3. as also Alphonsus Magnus was entitled so Now let us examine when this Title Christianissimus was given to the French Kings Most do affirm that it began in Charlemain but observe it was given him and to some of his Successors as they were Emperours for the ordinary Title which was usd to be given the Kings of France before was Illustris Ther is another opinion that Pope Pius 2. gave Lewis 11.
of France the Title of Christianissimus and that his Father Charles had it in the Council of Mantua Anno 1459. But grant that the French Kings had the Title Christianissimus given them since Charlemain yet the Title Catholicus was given before to the Kings of Spain For Alfonso Son-in-law to Pelagius had it Anno 734. as Garabai and Morales do affirm and the Epitaph upon his Tomb doth justifie it which is Alfonsus Catholicus Others are of opinion that Richaredus who quelld the Arrian Heresie was first intitled Catholicus But now that we have spoken of the Antiquity of these two Titles in relation to the two Kings we will examine which is the superior and more excellent Christianissimus or Catholicus not but that both of them are sublime and glorious Touching the Title Catholik it is so complete a word that nothing can be added to it therfore it admits no superlatif it is of that comprehensif latitude that it is Universal which is the tru Etymologie of the Greek word now it is an Axiome in all Sciences Qui totum dicit nihil excludit Who says All excludes nothing therfore we say Ecclesiam Catholicam not Catholicissimam as we say Concilium oecumenicum or Universale not Universalissimum And certainly this word Catholicum must be of extraordinary value and ancient extraction since it was an Epithet given the Church of Christ in the Apostolical Creed in that first Symbole of Faith Credo in Spiritum sanctum sanctam Ecclesiam Catholicam Now as we pointed at before wheras any Beleever was calld Christian at first and that by erroneous interpretations some Heresies began to creep in the name of Catholik was given him who was a constant embracer of the tru Doctrine of the Church wheras the simple name Christian might comprehend also a Heretik as Pacianus observes against the Novatians Christianus mihi nomen est Catholicus vero cognomen Illud me nuncupat Istud ostendit Hoc probat Illud significat My name is Christian my firname Catholik the one calls me the other shews me this proves the other signifies Insomuch that the word Catholik did distinguish a tru Beleever from a Heretik Whence the excellencie of this word appeers being a primitive attribut given both to Church and Faith for they were both calld Catholik Nor doth it follow though evry Catholik be a Christian that evry Christian is a Catholik For when one is calld Catholik t is understood that he is an Elect that he is saithful pure constant and obedient to the Doctrine of the holy Church without mixture or taint Therfore most meritoriously is this high Epitheâ—… peculiar to the King of Spain because he permits no Apostaâ—…s no Schismaticks to be in his Dominions as the French and other Kings do But by an humble filial obedience he adheres to the Catholik Mother-church which is the Roman For the Roman and Catholik Church are Synonimas according to Saint Cyprian in these words Dividi à Romano Pontifice idem quod ab universa Ecclesia scismate separari Rursum illam communicare id ipsum esse quod Catholicae Ecclesiae unitati conjungi To be divided from the Roman Bishop is to be separated by Schism from the universal Church and to hold communion with him is the same as to be joynd in unity with the Catholik Church Argum. 5. Proving That the King of Spain may challenge Precedence because that in Magnitude of Kingdoms in Power Territories and Tresure He excels all other MUltitude of Regions Affluence of Wealth and Magnitude of Power is so considerable in Kings that this one Reason of it self were sufficient by Divine Laws as well as Humane to yeeld unto Him who excels in these Particulars superiority of session and precedence Now in all things by the very constitution of the Creator ther is a superiority and excellence Eternity is above Time The Intellect is beyond Reason and Reason above Sense Go to the Fabrick of Coelestial Cretures and the pulchritude of the Stars We see the Sun is as their Prince and one Star exceeds another in glory so in this Elementary and the lower world specially among Mankind some are more Illustrious some more Potent then others Nature will tell you that all the Fingers of the hand are not equal and this inequality conduceth to the bewty of the Univers and Manilius tells us Est aequale nihil Terrenos aspice tractus By which Ratiocination he is most sublime and may claim superiority who exceeds in multitude of Peeple in extent of Regions in Wealth and Dominions and since the Catholik King excels in all these as the French Authors themselfs confess out of Cassanaeus certainly the higher seat is to be assignd Him The wisest of Kings tells us that In multitudine Populi dignitas Reg is in paucitate Plebis ignominia Principis In the multitude consists the dignity of a King and in the paucity of peeple his shame Therfore at the meeting of Councils an Universal Council which is made up of most Bishops is more illustrious and carrieth a greater stamp of authority then a Provincial which consisteth of fewer As the Emperour and Pope have three Crowns apeece denoting Asia Afrik and Europe where the first exerciseth Souvrain Power in Temporals and the other in all Spiritual Affairs Now to prove that the Catholik King is more potent then any other in spacious Dominions it is no hard task For go to Spain it self it cannot be denied but it is a large Empire T is tru that Spain in former times was divided into many Kingdoms as Castile Aragon Navarre Leon c. but now they are all concentred in one Crown Adde herunto the Kingdoms of Naples and Calabria with the Duchy of Milan which make up about the one moity of Italy He is Lord of Belgium or the Netherland He hath Sicilie Sardinia with other Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canaries with divers other in the Atlantik He hath sundry places up and down the Coasts of Afrik He hath the Moluccas and Philipiâ—…a Islands which are without number in the Indies It was the Spanish Navigation that refelld the Paradox for which we read that a Bishop was once imprisond for a Heretik because he held ther were Antipodes O Immortal God! what an heroik and incomparable exploit was that of discovering and conquering the West-Indies which counterbalanceth all the old world were they cast into a pair of scales which mighty benediction was reservd by a special Providence for Spain But what a world of dangers doubts and difficulties did precede the work On the one side the incertitude of the Thing and the perils of the angry-tumbling Ocean did offer themsells On the other side the vast expences of the Viage with despair of new provision when the old was spent And in case they shold take sooting on a new earth the Clime might perhaps not agree with their bodies and the Savages might prove stronger then they as they were in
mention of any such thing But grant that France hath reason to give the Lilies or Flower de Luces for her Royal Arms yet Spain hath a nobler for Spain gives the Crosse in her Shield For we know that many ancient and Authentik Writers affirm how the Cantabrians or Biscayners who were left unconquerd by the Romans carried a Crosse in their Banner long before the Nativity of our Saviour which King Pelagius carried when issuing forth of the great Cave calld Cobadonga to this day with not much above 1000 Christians he utterly routed 60000 Saracens to the memory wherof t is thought the great Church Cangas calld St. Crosses Church was erected where he lieth buried with a Crosse ingraven upon his Tomb. And after King Pelagius who is calld the Instaurator of Spain with other Kings had the Crosse in their Banner And San Isodorus who after St. Iames the Apostle is the Patron of Spain always usd it who was a Bishop and a Knight so that wheresoever he is represented either in shadow or stone he is painted in a Pontifical vest having the Crosse in one hand and the Sword in the other and as the Oriflambe is the chiefest Banner of France which is kept in the great Church of St. Denis so in the great Church of Leon in Spain Saint Isodorus Banner is devoutly kept up which upon occasion of urgent necessity was usd by divers Kings to be brought to the Field against the Saracens and afterwards against the Moores wherby many glorious and wonderful Victories were obtaind Nor is the Crosse the Ensigne onely of Biscay and Castile but also of Arragon and of Navarre and the ground of it is related in Beuter Illescas and Turapha to be that when King Garcia Ximenez was ready to fight a Battail against the Saracens and that the Christians under his command grew to be dejected and faint-hearted ther appeerd in a green Tree a red Crosse very resplendent which struck such a comfort and courage and made such impressions in the heart of the fainty Soldiers that they fell upon the Infidel-enemy with so great a resolution that they did utterly discomfit him wherupon he was called Rey de Sobrarbe because that the holy Crosse appeerd above a Tree Argum. 7. Proving That the Catholik King may claim Precedence because he is King of Jerusalem and that the Right of Unction belongs also to Him c. ALl Authors concede that in all solemn Pomps and publik Places the first seat in the Church after the Emperour belongs to the King of Ierusalem as Corsetus Grasalius and others do observe And the Reasons are many Because our Saviour preachd and sufferd there Because he made choice of his Apostles and Disciples there Because he wrought most Miracles there Because he conversd and had conference with Men there Because he instituted his last Supper there Because he did consummat the Eternal Salvation of Mankind there and because he was buried there with multitude of other Reasons Now that the King of Spain is right King of Ierusalem I beleeve ther are but few will deny it for the Holy Father in all his Bulls in his Apostolical Letters and all publik spiritual Dispatches doth stile him King of Ierusalem and so doth the Conclave the College of Cardinals the Rota or Judges of the Apostolik Chancery And it is as cleer as the Meridian that this Title is due to him as he is King of both the Sicilies viz. of Sicily Calabria and Naples which appeers evident in all Annals and Chronicles Although the French do cavil with him for a Right to those Kingdomes which Valdesius and Vasquez do sufficiently answer and refute Nor can it be denied but a double Unction belongs to him as he is King of both those Kingdomes wheras the Kings of England and France have but one Unction apeece relating to single Kingdomes Now that Kings are to be anointed with holy Oyl the sacred Code tells us plainly for it was the warrant which God Almighty himself the King of Heven and Earth gave unto the Prophet Elias Unges Asachel Regem super Syriam Iehu silium Namasi unges Regem super Israel Thou shalt 〈◊〉 â—…sachel King over Syria and thou shalt anoint Iehu King over Israel In another place he speaks himself Inveni David servum meum oleo sancto meo unxi eum I have found David my servant and with my holy Oyl have I anointed him Therfore Kings are called Christs upon earth because they are anointed by God Nay Cyrus is calld Christ in this sense as the Text saith Haec dicit Dominus Cyro Christo ejus Thus says God to Cyrus his Christ or his anointed One of the Prerogatives of the Emperour is that he is to be anointed by the Pope himself But Kings are anointed by their own Prelats Augustin de Ancona gives the reason for this Ceremony because Oyl signifieth gladness and promptitude to debel the Enemies of the Church to fight for the Orthodoxal Faith and carry away Victories Therupon at the celebration of the Olympik Games the Wrastlers were usd to be anointed as the Poet sings Exercent Patrias Oleo labente Palestras Nudati Socii The holy King saith Dilexisti justitiam odisti iniquitatem propterea unxit te Deus Oleo laetitiae prae consortibus tuis Thou hast loved justice and hated iniquity wherfore God hath anointed thee with the Oyl of gladness above thy fellows By Oyl also is understood cleerness of Conscience as we read Prudentes Virgines acceperunt oleum in vasibus suis The wise Virgins took oyl in their lamps Now they are Hevenly wide of the truth who hold that these two Kings viz. of Ierusalem and Sicily with those of England and France are only capable of holy Unction For it belongs to all Kings especially to the Catholik King who is a mixt Person twixt Temporal and Spiritual for he is Canon of Burgos as the French King is of a Church in Poitou But the Kings of Spain have bin from all times anointed from the time of King Vuamba and after him Ervigius for the Text of the Council of Toledo saith plainly Serenissimus Ervigius Princeps Regni conscenderit Regni culmen Regnandique per sacram Unctionem susceperit potestatem Most serene Ervigius Prince of the Kingdome shall ascend the top of the Kingdome and by the holy Oyl take a power to raign After these the Gothik Kings were also anointed from Pelagius downward Therfore t is a pure Paradox or rather a vulgar Error that none but the four mentiond Kings are capable of holy Unction Argum. 8. Proving That the Catholik King may challenge Precedence because of the free and absolut Power he hath over his Dominions and that he hath Empires under Him c. IT mightily concerns Royal Dignity to have a whole Plenary Dominion and Rule and not to be subordinat to any other Temporal Power whatsoever Such an absolut Dominion the Catholik King enjoys and is entaild upon him