serve_v for_o a_o good_a landmark_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o sail_v along_o this_o dangerous_a shore_n this_o church_n be_v first_o build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n by_o king_n eric_n barn_n who_o st._n ansgar_n have_v convert_v to_o christianity_n about_o the_o year_n 848._o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o upon_o the_o reclaim_n of_o the_o dane_n from_o the_o idolatry_n they_o be_v relapse_v into_o this_o church_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o cathedral_n and_o ripen_v make_v a_o bishop_n see_v as_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o university_n at_o ripen_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o copenhagen_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o moment_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v 1._o kolding_n first_o build_v by_o eric_n glip_v about_o the_o year_n 1268_o in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o fortify_v with_o such_o strong_a wall_n and_o good_a ditch_n as_o make_v it_o a_o city_n able_a to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o danish_a dominion_n which_o in_o those_o day_n reach_v no_o further_a south_n than_o this_o place_n but_o they_o that_o think_v kolding_n have_v its_o name_n from_o ptolomy_n chali_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n make_v it_o a_o city_n much_o more_o ancient_a christian_n iii_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o and_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o country_n adjoin_v that_o he_o remove_v his_o court_n to_o the_o castle_n arnsburgh_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o town_n which_o he_o repair_v and_o in_o which_o he_o end_v his_o day_n on_o the_o south_n the_o city_n be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n which_o divide_v the_o northern_a jutland_n from_o the_o southern_a and_o separate_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n be_v empty_v soon_o after_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o bridge_n over_o this_o river_n bring_v yearly_o a_o great_a treasure_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n coffer_n for_o beside_o the_o impost_n upon_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o commodity_n for_o every_o ox_n or_o horse_n that_o pass_v this_o bridge_n towards_o holstein_n or_o any_o of_o the_o hans_n town_n the_o owner_n pay_v a_o rixdollar_n which_o consider_v the_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o kine_n which_o be_v yearly_o send_v this_o way_n out_o of_o the_o northern_a jutland_n must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o vast_a revenue_n 2._o we_o will_v a_o compact_n neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n but_o not_o very_o large_a 3._o ward_n 4._o rinkope_v both_o seat_v near_o the_o western-shore_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n 5._o holstebro_fw-la 6._o lemwick_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v northward_o seat_v on_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n at_o jell_v a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o bishopric_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n we_o will_v be_v to_o be_v see_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famon_n runic_a monument_n that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n afford_v this_o village_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o elling_n a_o general_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o fancy_v to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o several_a danish_a king_n the_o inscription_n have_v be_v think_v worthy_a the_o diligent_a enquiry_n of_o jos_n scaliger_n bonaventura_n vulcanius_n lindenbrogius_fw-la stephanius_n and_o wormius_n and_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o our_o description_n of_o this_o province_n the_o word_n be_v these_o haralter_n kunugr_n bad_a kaurva_fw-la kubl_n dausi_fw-la eft_o gurm_n fadur_v sin_n aug_n eft_o thiurni_n mudur_fw-fr sinasa_fw-la haraltr_n kesor_fw-la van_fw-mi tanmaurk_n alla_fw-mi aug_fw-mi nurvieg_n aug_n tini_fw-la folk_n kristno_n i._n e._n harald_n the_o king_n command_v this_o tomb_n to_o be_v build_v in_o remembrance_n of_o gormo_n his_o father_n and_o thyra_n his_o mother_n harald_n the_o emperor_n win_v denmark_n and_o all_o norway_n and_o christen_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o kingdom_n how_o worthy_a queen_n thyra_n be_v of_o such_o a_o last_a monument_n as_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o take_v notice_n of_o king_n harald_n style_v himself_n kesor_n or_o emperor_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n annex_v this_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o write_v himself_o emperor_n of_o the_o north_n till_o this_o king_n harald_n blaatand_n force_v he_o to_o retire_v and_o make_v he_o part_v with_o not_o only_o whatever_o he_o have_v take_v in_o jutland_n but_o a_o great_a part_n of_o saxony_n after_o so_o great_a a_o conquest_n and_o defeat_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o emperor_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o assume_v a_o title_n as_o swell_v as_o ever_o otho_n can_v pretend_v to_o who_o come_v no_o further_o than_o othesundt_fw-mi with_o his_o army_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o helmoldus_n report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o king_n of_o saxony_n as_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n observe_v in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n and_o contain_v in_o their_o saxon-spiegel_n southern_a jutland_n the_o southern_a jutland_n which_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o sleswic_n reach_v from_o kolding_n and_o the_o river_n leewens_n aa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o dannewirk_n which_o be_v reckon_v about_o eighteen_o german_a mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o do_v not_o anywhere_o exceed_v eight_o seldom_o six_o mile_n the_o chief_a city_n sleswic_n sleswic_n which_o sometime_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v sleswic_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o river_n or_o rather_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n de_fw-fr slye_n so_o that_o sleswic_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o village_n call_v ancient_o by_o the_o saxon_n wic_n by_o the_o hollander_n to_o this_o day_n wiick_n and_o the_o latin_n vicus_n upon_o the_o slye_n hence_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n sigulones_n which_o some_o read_v slieuâ—nes_n i.e._n wooner_n or_o dweller_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sly_a adam_n bremensis_n call_v the_o town_n slias-wig_a and_o ethelwerd_v a_o ancient_a english-saxon_a historian_n give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o it_o anglia_fw-it vetus_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la saxones_n &_o giotos_n habens_fw-la oppidum_fw-la capitale_n quod_fw-la sermone_fw-la saxonico_n sleswic_n nuncupatur_fw-la secundum_fw-la danos_n vero_fw-la haithaby_n i._n e._n old_a england_n lie_v between_o saxony_n and_o jutland_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o saxon_n sleswic_n but_o by_o the_o dane_n haithaby_n in_o a_o old_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v call_v sliestorff_n it_o have_v its_o danish_a name_n haitheby_o say_v pontanus_n from_o hetha_n a_o certain_a queen_n of_o denmark_n which_o assertion_n seem_v confirm_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o king_n aelfred_n english-saxon_a translation_n of_o orosius_n and_o of_o scipinge_n heal_v he_o cÆ¿aeþ_n ê§_n he_o seglode_v on_o fif_n dagan_a to_o þem_v porte_fw-fr þe_fw-fr mon_fw-fr haetaet_fw-la haeðh_n um_o se_fw-mi stint_v betÆ¿uh_o winedum_o &_o seaxum_n &_o angle_n &_o hyrðh_n in_o on_o dene_fw-mi i.e._n and_o from_o sciringes-heal_a he_o say_v that_o he_o sail_v in_o five_o day_n to_o the_o port_n which_o be_v call_v haethe_n which_o stand_v between_o the_o vandal_n vinedi_fw-la saxon_n and_o the_o angle_n to_o who_o it_o be_v subject_a it_o be_v questionless_a heretofore_o a_o city_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o britain_n france_n spain_n flanders_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o trade_a world_n adam_n bremensis_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1100_o call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la opulentissimam_fw-la ac_fw-la populosissimam_fw-la i.e._n a_o city_n exceed_v rich_a and_o populous_a and_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v for_o before_o mariner_n learn_v perfect_o the_o way_n of_o shun_v the_o dangerous_a sand_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o baltic_a carriage_n be_v usual_o bring_v up_o the_o eidor_n and_o threan_a as_o far_o as_o holl_v by_o ship_n and_o thence_o convey_v by_o land_n to_o sleswic_n where_o they_o be_v again_o ship_v and_o so_o transport_v into_o zeeland_n sweden_n etc._n etc._n the_o citizen_n here_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o the_o great_a church_n build_v by_o king_n eric_n barn_n assist_v by_o st._n anchar_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o not_o long_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1064_o the_o slavonian_n make_v incursion_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n
island_n be_v not_o so_o much_o enclose_v with_o ice_n as_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o north_n where_o it_o run_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o sharp_a point_n behind_o the_o mountain_n of_o bear_n for_o on_o this_o side_n all_o the_o year_n long_o the_o ice_n never_o remove_v from_o the_o shore_n above_o ten_o mile_n and_o in_o the_o spring_n time_n so_o besiege_n it_o that_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n through_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o mariner_n who_o be_v bind_v for_o this_o island_n use_v all_o the_o care_n they_o can_v to_o avoid_v the_o eastern_a and_o to_o make_v direct_o to_o the_o western_a shore_n there_o to_o lie_v while_o the_o fish_n season_n continue_v if_o by_o miscarriage_n they_o come_v upon_o the_o east-side_n they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o fetch_v a_o compass_n about_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n whereby_o they_o be_v not_o only_o expose_v to_o the_o terrible_a wind_n that_o blow_v off_o from_o bears-mountain_n but_o also_o to_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o float_v ice_n for_o here_o the_o sea_n flow_v from_o south_n to_o north_n and_o ebb_v from_o north_n to_o south_n at_o the_o northern_a end_n of_o the_o island_n appear_v the_o bears-mountain_n of_o a_o prodigious_a height_n and_o so_o perpendicular_o steep_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o this_o mountain_n from_o the_o bear_v there_o frequent_o see_v call_v beerenberg_n or_o the_o bears-mountain_n at_o the_o bottom_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a space_n between_o the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a shore_n on_o the_o north-side_n it_o leave_v a_o little_a room_n for_o leveller_n ground_n to_o the_o ocean_n and_o be_v of_o prodigious_a height_n may_v be_v descry_v 30_o mile_n off_o at_o sea_n the_o sea-coast_n lie_v thus_o 1_o noords-hoeck_a or_o the_o northern_a angle_n be_v the_o extreme_a point_n shoot_v out_o to_o the_o north._n 2_o oosthoeck_n be_v the_o most_o eastern_a point_n ysbergh_n mark_v 1._o 2._o 3._o be_v three_o mountain_n of_o ice_n or_o rather_o vast_a heap_n of_o congeal_a snow_n which_o dissolve_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v from_o the_o top_n of_o bears-mountain_n but_o upon_o the_o sun_n be_v retire_v freeze_v again_o 3_o zuydoost-hoeck_a be_v the_o southeast_n angle_n from_o this_o point_n the_o shore_n extend_v itself_o from_o east_n to_o west_n to_o a_o little_a island_n and_o then_o wind_n again_o to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n in_o some_o place_n not_o passable_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o steepness_n in_o other_o smooth_v enough_o 4_o cleyn_n sand-bay_n or_o little_a sand-bay_n eyerland_n or_o eggland_n be_v certain_a rock_n full_a of_o bird_n here_o about_o a_o musket_n shoot_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o sea_n be_v 60_o fathom_n deep_a and_o a_o little_a far_o the_o sound_a line_n will_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n 5_o groote_n hoot-bay_n or_o great_a wood-bay_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o rot_a timber_n that_o be_v there_o find_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o narrow_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v certain_a mountain_n not_o very_o steep_a from_o the_o top_n whereof_o any_o person_n call_v they_o that_o stand_v upon_o either_o shore_n may_v be_v hear_v by_o both_o 6_o cleyn_n hoot-bay_n or_o little_a wood-bay_n 7_o english_a bay_n and_o several_a other_o to_o which_o the_o dutch_a have_v give_v such_o name_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a groneland_n call_v also_o groenland_n groinland_n situation_n the_o name_n and_o situation_n and_o more_o ancient_o engroenland_n lie_v as_o the_o islander_n say_v like_o a_o halfmoon_n about_o the_o north_n of_o their_o country_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o day_n sail_v but_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o lie_v so_o much_o east_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o north_n of_o america_n from_o cape_n farewell_o in_o 60_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v unknown_a to_o how_o many_o degree_n in_o the_o north._n the_o east_n and_o west_n be_v encompass_v by_o two_o great_a ocean_n but_o at_o what_o degree_n of_o longitude_n be_v not_o yet_o discover_v only_a mr._n fotherbie_n find_v it_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o groneland_n in_o 71_o deg_fw-la and_o the_o south_n of_o greenland_n to_o be_v above_o two_o hundred_o league_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v discover_v first_o by_o a_o norwegian_a gentleman_n discovery_n ancient_a discovery_n who_o name_n be_v eric_n rotcop_n or_o red_a head_n who_o have_v commit_v a_o murder_n in_o iseland_n to_o save_v his_o life_n resolve_v to_o adventure_n to_o another_o country_n whereof_o he_o have_v hear_v some_o obscure_a fly_v report_n he_o succeed_v so_o well_o that_o he_o arrive_v in_o a_o safe_a harbour_n call_v sandstasm_n lie_v between_o two_o mountainous_a promontory_n the_o one_o upon_o a_o island_n over_o against_o groneland_n which_o he_o call_v huidserken_v or_o white_a shirt_n because_o of_o the_o snow_n upon_o it_o the_o other_o on_o the_o continent_n call_v huarf_n eric_n he_o winter_v in_o the_o island_n but_o when_o the_o season_n suffer_v pass_v into_o the_o continent_n which_o because_o of_o its_o greenness_n and_o flourish_v he_o call_v groneland_n thence_o he_o send_v his_o son_n to_o olaus_n trugger_n king_n of_o norway_n to_o get_v his_o pardon_n which_o be_v easy_o grant_v when_o he_o be_v inform_v by_o he_o of_o this_o new_a discovery_n whereupon_o divers_a gentleman_n adventure_v to_o plant_v there_o who_o multiply_v not_o long_o after_o divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a and_o build_v two_o city_n garde_n and_o albe_n in_o albeit_o be_v a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n anthony_n the_o seat_n also_o of_o the_o viceroy_n send_v thither_o from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o norwegian_a they_o write_v also_o of_o a_o great_a monastery_n call_v of_o st._n thomas_n wherein_o be_v a_o spring_n who_o water_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o dress_v all_o their_o meat_n and_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o cell_n and_o other_o room_n in_o pipe_n heat_v all_o the_o monastery_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v so_o many_o stove_n they_o say_v also_o that_o this_o monastery_n be_v build_v all_o of_o pumice-stone_n and_o that_o this_o hot_a water_n fall_v upon_o they_o mix_v with_o the_o outer_a part_n and_o produce_v a_o sort_n of_o clammy_a matter_n which_o serve_v instead_o of_o lime_n but_o what_o the_o norwegian_n conquer_v norwegian_n by_o the_o norwegian_n or_o possess_v in_o this_o country_n be_v a_o inconsiderable_a corner_n of_o that_o large_a continent_n themselves_o mention_v a_o nation_n who_o they_o call_v skrelinger_n to_o have_v inhabit_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o land_n but_o what_o they_o be_v we_o know_v not_o but_o whether_o their_o paucity_n expose_v they_o to_o the_o mercilesness_n of_o the_o native_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o epidemical_a disease_n which_o they_o call_v the_o black_a plague_n which_o sweep_v away_o not_o only_o most_o of_o that_o nation_n in_o groneland_n but_o also_o the_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n in_o norway_n that_o maintain_v that_o traffic_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v some_o other_o reason_n which_o be_v now_o forget_v so_o it_o be_v that_o since_o 1349_o little_a intelligence_n have_v descend_v to_o we_o concern_v groneland_n till_o seek_v the_o northwest_n passage_n to_o china_n occasion_v more_o knowledge_n of_o it_o in_o 1389_o they_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n send_v a_o fleet_n thither_o with_o intention_n to_o re-establish_a his_o dominion_n in_o those_o part_n but_o that_o be_v cast_v away_o discourage_v he_o from_o any_o further_a enterprise_n till_o now_o of_o late_a christian_n iv_o renew_v somewhat_o again_o of_o that_o navigation_n of_o which_o by_o and_o by_o in_o 1406_o the_o bishop_n of_o drontheim_n send_v a_o priest_n call_v andreas_n to_o succeed_v henry_n bishop_n of_o garda_n if_o dead_a if_o alive_a to_o return_v and_o bring_v notice_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n there_o but_o andreas_n never_o come_v back_o nor_o have_v there_o be_v since_o any_o further_a care_n take_v to_o supply_v bishop_n or_o maintain_v christianity_n there_o there_o be_v a_o relation_n in_o purchas_n pilgrim_n part_v 3_o of_o one_o ivor_n boty_n a_o gronelander_n translate_v 1560_o out_o of_o the_o norweighish_n language_n which_o give_v a_o sufficient_o particular_a account_n of_o all_o the_o place_n in_o that_o country_n inhabit_v by_o christian_n but_o nothing_o beside_o afterward_o another_o part_n of_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o antonio_n zany_n zany_n a._n zany_n the_o relation_n of_o who_o adventure_n be_v at_o large_a in_o hackluit_n three_o volume_n i_o shall_v not_o insert_v they_o because_o not_o useful_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n and_o though_o there_o be_v ground_n sufficient_a to_o make_v we_o doubt_v of_o some_o of_o these_o relation_n yet_o not_o to_o reject_v
patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n but_o since_o he_o none_o till_o this_o time_n there_o be_v no_o other_o metropolitan_a in_o all_o russia_n but_o this_o of_o moskow_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o but_o that_o church_n be_v become_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o immediate_o make_v two_o new_a metropolitan_o the_o one_o of_o novogrod_n velica_fw-la the_o other_o of_o rostove_n these_o be_v the_o only_a archbishopric_n before_o but_o since_o that_o they_o have_v add_v two_o more_o one_o of_o casanskoi_n and_o swiatskoi_n who_o reside_v at_o casan_n the_o other_o of_o sarskoi_n and_o pondoskoi_n who_o live_v common_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n and_o be_v the_o patriarch_n substitute_n or_o coadjutor_n when_o upon_o any_o good_a cause_n as_o age_n sickness_n or_o the_o like_a he_o be_v hinder_v from_o officiate_a they_o have_v also_o as_o possevine_n complain_v but_o eleven_o bishop_n for_o all_o that_o large_a empire_n but_o since_o that_o time_n they_o have_v add_v then_o i_o suppose_v because_o of_o their_o conquest_n and_o advance_v all_o except_o one_o that_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o comenskoi_n and_o cassieskoi_n who_o live_v at_o columna_fw-la into_o archbishopric_n the_o patriarch_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o what_o concern_v religion_n with_o such_o authority_n that_o even_o in_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o civil_a government_n he_o reform_v what_o he_o think_v prejudicial_a to_o religion_n without_o give_v the_o grand_a tzar_n any_o account_n of_o it_o who_o without_o any_o contestation_n command_v the_o order_n make_v by_o the_o patriarch_n to_o be_v execute_v as_o the_o late_a patriarch_n nicon_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o music_n forbid_v all_o music_n in_o their_o merry_a meeting_n and_o search_v the_o house_n in_o moskow_n for_o such_o instrument_n and_o burn_v five_o wagon-load_n of_o they_o leo_n juâ—â—tion_n 〈◊〉_d juâ—â—tion_n their_o first_o metropolitan_a have_v his_o see_n at_o chiow_n afterward_o when_o wolodomiria_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o metropolitan_a also_o remove_v thither_o accompany_v still_o the_o prince_n and_o now_o be_v at_o moskow_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o church_n for_o beside_o their_o authority_n over_o the_o clergy_n and_o order_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n they_o take_v cognisance_n also_o of_o cause_n testamentary_a matrimonial_a some_o plea_n of_o injury_n etc._n etc._n they_o never_o visit_v their_o diocese_n but_o have_v certain_a layman_n in_o who_o judgement_n they_o can_v confide_v to_o give_v they_o account_v of_o the_o life_n and_o demeanour_n of_o the_o clergy_n they_o have_v also_o official_o or_o commissary_n call_v boiaren_n vladitskey_n layman_n they_o have_v both_o archdeacon_n and_o protodeacons_n but_o not_o employ_v in_o those_o office_n that_o keep_v their_o court_n and_o exercise_v their_o jurisdiction_n and_o these_o be_v not_o appoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n but_o by_o the_o emperor_n though_o he_o seldom_o deny_v the_o bishop_n to_o nominate_v if_o he_o request_v it_o but_o every_o bishop_n have_v for_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n and_o for_o the_o more_o solemn_a service_n of_o god_n a_o council_n of_o twentyfour_o priest_n of_o his_o diocese_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v prebend_n or_o canon_n of_o his_o cathedral_n church_n where_o they_o continual_o reside_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o bishop_n have_v be_v as_o they_o say_v great_a then_o now_o they_o be_v the_o patriarch_n have_v about_o three_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la a_o the_o metropolitan_o and_o archbishop_n about_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o but_o all_o this_o revenue_n be_v not_o for_o their_o own_o use_n but_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o furnish_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n bishop_n election_n of_o their_o bishop_n who_o always_o take_v they_o from_o among_o the_o monk_n which_o oblige_v they_o all_o to_o live_v unmarried_a not_o to_o eat_v flesh_n wear_v no_o ring_n or_o linen_n shirt_n or_o drawer_n beside_o other_o the_o like_o monastic_a observance_n the_o patriarch_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n clergy_n and_o abbot_n who_o give_v notice_n of_o their_o election_n to_o the_o prince_n if_o he_o disapprove_v it_o they_o choose_v another_o late_o at_o the_o election_n of_o nicon_n the_o clergy_n name_v two_o and_o can_v not_o agree_v the_o emperor_n cause_v they_o to_o cast_v lot_n and_o the_o lot_n fall_v three_o time_n upon_o the_o person_n of_o nicon_n of_o inferior_a clergy_n they_o have_v a_o very_a great_a number_n clergy_n inferior_a clergy_n there_o be_v many_o parish_n in_o their_o city_n though_o unequal_o divide_v some_o much_o big_a than_o other_o and_o every_o church_n many_o priest_n belong_v to_o it_o they_o have_v no_o particular_a care_n of_o educate_v person_n for_o this_o office_n but_o any_o one_o that_o think_v himself_o fit_o qualify_v present_v himself_o to_o the_o patriarch_n or_o the_o next_o metropolitan_a who_o examine_v his_o ability_n which_o consist_v chief_o in_o read_v write_a and_o sing_v well_o ordain_v he_o which_o be_v chief_o by_o cut_v of_o the_o hair_n on_o the_o top_n of_o his_o head_n cover_v it_o with_o a_o callot_n and_o put_v on_o a_o surpless_n a_o little_a cross_n of_o white_a silk_n upon_o his_o breast_n and_o then_o give_v he_o his_o benediction_n and_o authority_n to_o officiate_v in_o the_o church_n and_o to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n he_o must_v be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n and_o if_o his_o wife_n die_v he_o can_v neither_o officiate_v as_o a_o priest_n nor_o marry_v another_o so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o conceive_v the_o character_n to_o be_v indelible_a yet_o a_o widower_n may_v sing_v read_v etc._n etc._n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o deacon_n but_o he_o must_v not_o officiate_v at_o the_o altar_n and_o some_o of_o they_o get_v leave_n to_o keep_v their_o benefice_n and_o yet_o enter_v into_o a_o monastery_n such_o they_o call_v churnapapaes_n their_o revenue_n be_v not_o from_o tithe_n revenue_n their_o revenue_n though_o it_o be_v say_v that_o volodomir_n at_o his_o introduce_v of_o christianity_n settle_a tithe_n also_o upon_o the_o clergy_n nor_o have_v they_o any_o settle_a salary_n but_o they_o be_v content_a with_o what_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o people_n for_o baptise_v marry_v bury_a offering_n prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a etc._n etc._n beside_o every_o private_a person_n upon_o any_o occasion_n of_o business_n desire_v the_o priest_n to_o say_v a_o prayer_n for_o he_o for_o which_o he_o give_v he_o something_o they_o also_o solemnize_v the_o sains-day_n of_o the_o parish_n when_o all_o the_o neighbourhood_n come_v in_o to_o be_v pray_v for_o and_o make_v a_o offering_n once_o a_o quarter_n also_o he_o bless_v his_o parishioner_n house_n and_o family_n by_o these_o and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a way_n they_o make_v up_o a_o competent_a livelihood_n for_o themselves_o and_o to_o give_v the_o ten_o also_o of_o it_o to_o the_o bishop_n protopapaes_n or_o archpriest_n and_o archdeacon_n be_v only_o in_o cathedral_n church_n they_o have_v service_n thrice_o a_o day_n service_n their_o service_n about_o break_v of_o day_n matin_n at_o noon_n mass_n vesper_n in_o the_o evening_n and_o it_o consist_v of_o psalm_n certain_a portion_n of_o scripture_n the_o creed_n prayer_n and_o sometime_o a_o homily_n of_o some_o of_o the_o father_n or_o the_o life_n of_o the_o saint_n of_o the_o day_n in_o their_o own_o language_n never_o other_o preach_a except_o once_o in_o a_o year_n when_o the_o patriarch_n with_o very_o great_a solemnity_n make_v a_o short_a exhortation_n to_o the_o people_n to_o serve_v god_n obey_v their_o prince_n and_o live_v in_o unity_n and_o charity_n with_o their_o neighbour_n they_o never_o kneel_v at_o their_o devotion_n but_o stand_v up_o and_o sometime_o bow_v knock_v their_o forehead_n to_o the_o ground_n ivan_n vasilowich_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o church_n sing_v the_o prayer_n with_o the_o clergy_n and_o sometime_o have_v his_o forehead_n swell_v with_o knock_v the_o floor_n they_o communicate_v child_n at_o seven_o year_n old_a communion_n communion_n and_o before_o in_o case_n of_o sickness_n when_o they_o communicate_v they_o have_v a_o host_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o barley_n cake_n the_o communicant_n partake_v of_o the_o host_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n have_v the_o barley-cake_n break_v among_o they_o as_o a_o pain-benist_a they_o communicate_v ordinary_o but_o once_o a_o year_n which_o be_v about_o easter_n and_o then_o only_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o always_o after_o some_o extraordinary_a fast_n mortification_n or_o confession_n which_o they_o make_v stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o church_n and_o before_o some_o picture_n of_o a_o saint_n the_o priest_n appoint_v he_o penance_n give_v he_o absolution_n and_o admit_v he_o to_o the_o sacrament_n they_o be_v very_o severe_a in_o their_o fasting_n have_v more_o of_o
the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o court_n of_o schipin_n or_o alderman_n who_o themselves_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o burgomaster_n choose_v yearly_a as_o a_o mayor_n in_o our_o city_n out_o of_o they_o who_o during_o his_o government_n have_v the_o title_n of_o general_n of_o great_a poland_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n seven_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n you_o have_v gnesna_n call_v by_o the_o dutch_a gnisen_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o poland_n gnesna_n gnesna_n build_v by_o lechus_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o it_o have_v its_o name_n give_v from_o the_o polish_v word_n gniasao_n which_o signify_v a_o nest_n because_o in_o this_o place_n lechus_n find_v a_o eagle_n nest_n whence_o to_o this_o day_n the_o prince_n of_o poland_n bear_v a_o spread_a eagle_n for_o their_o arms._n this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o chief_a metropolitan_a archbishop_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o who_o state_n and_o grandeur_n we_o have_v give_v you_o a_o relation_n before_o in_o the_o cathedral_n be_v keep_v a_o inestimable_a treasure_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o curious_a enamel_a vessel_n leave_v by_o several_a prince_n of_o poland_n and_o archbishop_n of_o this_o see_v which_o be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o legacy_n of_o henry_n firley_n late_a archbishop_n who_o beside_o many_o vessel_n and_o vestment_n of_o great_a worth_n give_v they_o his_o own_o mitre_n value_v at_o 24000_o polish_v guilder_n which_o be_v reduce_v to_o our_o english_a money_n will_v amount_v to_o about_o 2300_o pound_n sterling_a the_o gate_n lead_v into_o the_o cathedral_n be_v of_o corinthian_a brass_n and_o rare_o wrought_v these_o at_o first_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n of_o corsuna_n in_o the_o tauric_n chersonese_n whence_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o kiow_n and_o from_o thence_o bring_v hither_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1613_o this_o city_n be_v miserable_o lay_v waist_n by_o fire_n and_o do_v yet_o daily_o loose_a something_o of_o its_o ancient_a glory_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n of_o posnania_n be_v mean_o build_v and_o without_o any_o considerable_a fortification_n their_o building_n except_v only_o the_o church_n monastery_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n be_v most_o common_o of_o wood_n the_o county_n of_o calissia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o calissia_n calissia_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v kalisk_n seat_v on_o przoen_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n stanislaus_n karncow_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n found_v here_o a_o stately_a college_n of_o jesuit_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n the_o country_n round_o this_o city_n be_v general_o like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a poland_n pleasant_a fruitful_a and_o very_a well_o cultivate_v and_o inhabit_v every_o where_o abound_v with_o great_a town_n and_o village_n among_o which_o borek_n and_o goluchow_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a the_o former_a for_o a_o famous_a picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n resort_v to_o with_o a_o great_a opinion_n of_o devotion_n by_o most_o of_o the_o zealous_a romanist_n in_o these_o part_n the_o latter_a for_o a_o extraordinary_a piece_n of_o modern_a architecture_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o count_n of_o lesno_n the_o city_n of_o sirad_n sirad_n sirad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o south_n of_o calissia_n upon_o the_o river_n warta_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v of_o wood_n and_o very_o mean_a and_o low_a this_o city_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o make_v former_o a_o dukedom_n usual_o give_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n seven_o german_n petricow_n petricow_n or_o twenty_o nine_o english_a mile_n from_o sirad_n lie_v petricow_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n where_o sit_v yearly_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n vielun_n vielun_n vielun_n or_o wielun_n be_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o beauty_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o these_o part_n most_o of_o its_o house_n be_v brick_n rava_n be_v as_o populous_a a_o city_n as_o vielun_n rava_n rava_n but_o short_a of_o it_o in_o the_o splendour_n of_o its_o building_n which_o be_v common_o wood_n except_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v brick_n in_o this_o be_v reposit_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o captive_n if_o person_n of_o any_o considerable_a quality_n be_v here_o keep_v prisoner_n instance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o natural_a son_n of_o charles_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o with_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o lifland_n war_n and_o baldise_n general_n of_o gustaphus_n adolphus_n force_n who_o with_o streffe_n taiste_v and_o other_o colonel_n be_v take_v in_o the_o war_n of_o prussia_n five_o german_n lowicz_n lowicz_n or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o rava_n lie_v lowicz_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n it_o be_v a_o place_n much_o more_o populous_a than_o rava_n and_o yearly_a in_o the_o fair-time_n throng_v with_o great_a number_n of_o merchant_n who_o flock_n thither_o from_o all_o quarter_n the_o archbishops_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o low_a and_o marshy_a ground_n nevertheless_o its_o fabric_n be_v magnificent_a and_o well_o become_v the_o state_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n lancicia_n or_o lanschet_fw-mi give_v denomination_n to_o a_o palatinate_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lancicia_n lancicia_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o low_a and_o fenny_a ground_n encompass_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o brick_n wall_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n be_v a_o monastery_n which_o may_v easy_o if_o as_o well_o provide_v for_o by_o art_n as_o nature_n be_v make_v impregnable_a there_o be_v beside_o little_a in_o the_o city_n worth_n take_v notice_n of_o except_o the_o great_a fair_n keep_v once_o a_o year_n and_o the_o session_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o this_o palatinate_n which_o be_v here_o hold_v cujavia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o masovia_n and_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n cujavia_n cujavia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi and_z calissia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o two_o barony_n breast_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n and_o juniuladislavia_n this_o country_n be_v rich_a in_o corn_n and_o cattle_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fish_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o vladislaw_n bresty_n bresty_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomeren_n the_o cathedral_n here_o be_v a_o pitiful_a old-fashioned_a piece_n of_o building_n but_o well_o furnish_v with_o plate_n and_o rich_a ornament_n and_o relic_n within_o the_o house_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n mathias_n golanciew_o who_o be_v forty_o two_o year_n bishop_n of_o this_o see_v beautify_v this_o city_n very_o much_o by_o build_v that_o stately_a palace_n which_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o vladislaw_n instead_o of_o a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n and_o sound_v the_o church_n of_o st._n vital_a the_o martyr_n the_o next_o considerable_a place_n be_v bresty_n build_v of_o brick_n and_o wood_n interlayd_v the_o other_o town_n of_o note_n be_v nisaw_n a_o wall_a town_n rasienski_n guard_v with_o a_o fair_a castle_n radschow_n seat_v on_o the_o lake_n goplo_n and_o kowale_n upon_o the_o vistula_n cruswick_n belong_v proper_o to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n though_o situate_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o inouladislavia_n cruswick_n cruswick_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n stand_v a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n peter_n build_v of_o square_a stone_n with_o a_o college_n of_o twenty_o four_o canon_n in_o the_o adjoin_a island_n stand_v a_o brick_n castle_n build_v by_o popielus_n the_o elder_a who_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o live_v in_o rather_o than_o cracow_n or_o gnesna_n whither_o he_o have_v once_o remove_v his_o court_n as_o be_v of_o too_o timorous_a a_o nature_n to_o trust_v himself_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o russian_n or_o hungarian_n here_o as_o the_o polonian_a chronicle_n report_n papielus_n son_n of_o papielus_n the_o elder_a be_v devour_v by_o mouse_n heaven_n by_o this_o punishment_n revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n who_o his_o greedy_a ambition_n of_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n have_v prompt_v he_o to_o poison_v at_o a_o banquet_n cromer_n advance_v the_o story_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n in_o his_o ordinary_a revel_n use_v to_o wish_v himself_o and_o his_o child_n this_o kind_n of_o death_n and_o that_o the_o mouse_n be_v miraculous_o generate_v out_o of_o the_o carcase_n of_o his_o poison_a kindred_n prussia_n accurate_a inscripta_fw-la a_o gasparo_n henneberg_n erlichensi_fw-la nobiliss_n o_o &_o tam_fw-la prosapia_fw-la
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
get_v nothing_o but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o their_o elder_a brethren_n and_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v the_o least_o share_n in_o the_o inheritance_n and_o temporal_a estate_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o bishopric_n of_o lubec_n remain_v still_o a_o ecclesiastical_a preferment_n though_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lutheran_n and_o ever_o since_o the_o death_n of_o balthasar_n of_o rantzau_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1547_o have_v be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o holstein_n the_o present_a bishop_n be_v a_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o keep_v his_o residence_n at_o eutin_n a_o fair_a palace_n situate_a on_o a_o lake_n about_o two_o german_a mile_n from_o lubec_n among_o the_o roman_a prelate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n be_v chief_a be_v bear_v legate_n of_o the_o papal_a see_v and_o give_v place_n to_o none_o but_o the_o elector_n in_o the_o public_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n how_o fair_a and_o strong_a a_o city_n saltzburg_n be_v and_o what_o riches_n it_o bring_v in_o yearly_a to_o this_o prelate_n by_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n here_o vend_v we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v hereafter_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o still_o enjoy_v a_o seat_n and_o suffrage_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v bamberg_n wirsburg_n worm_n spire_n eichstedt_n augsburg_n constance_n hildesheim_n paderborn_n munster_n osnabrug_n passau_n strasburg_n frisinguen_n liege_n trent_n brix_n and_o basil_n among_o which_o osnabrug_n belong_v to_o the_o lutheran_n prince_n by_o turn_n and_o since_o the_o death_n of_o francis_n count_n of_o wirtemberg_n the_o bishopric_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a bishop_n ernest_n augustus_n duke_n of_o lunenburg_n young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o zell_n and_o since_o the_o late_a decay_a power_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o colen_n who_o challenge_v the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o hanover_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o hildesheim_n and_o keep_v it_o by_o a_o strong_a hand_n and_o whether_o his_o brother_n ernest_n augustus_n bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n who_o have_v late_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o hanover_n will_v restore_v it_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n i_o can_v determine_v there_o have_v long_o be_v a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o right_n of_o election_n and_o investiture_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o empire_n â—â—ops_n â—â—stiâ—â—â—_n of_o â—â—ops_n before_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n determine_v the_o controversy_n and_o give_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o confer_v of_o dignity_n and_o prelacy_n not_o only_o in_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o christendom_n to_o the_o pope_n how_o unjust_a a_o usurpation_n this_o be_v the_o pope_n own_o canon_n will_v inform_v we_o where_o we_o meet_v with_o pope_n leo_n beg_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n and_o lotharius_n to_o consecrate_v one_o colonus_n bishop_n of_o riete_n with_o several_a other_o the_o like_a example_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o historian_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n many_o of_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v find_v quote_v by_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o review_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n always_o peaceable_o enjoy_v this_o right_n of_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n till_o the_o day_n of_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o who_o although_o himself_o have_v receive_v confirmation_n from_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iu._n yet_o thunder_v out_o a_o excommunication_n against_o all_o emperor_n king_n duke_n marquis_n earl_n and_o all_o other_o secular_a power_n that_o shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o the_o right_n of_o investiture_n into_o bishopric_n or_o any_o other_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n and_o against_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v receive_v any_o such_o preferment_n at_o their_o hand_n this_o decree_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o gregory_n successor_n as_o a_o inviolable_a statute_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n and_o enroll_v in_o their_o book_n of_o decretal_n after_o many_o irreconcilable_a broil_n and_o bicker_n betwixt_o the_o pope_n and_o emperor_n after_o this_o excommunication_n be_v issue_v out_o the_o one_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v the_o other_o to_o regain_v the_o say_a right_n at_o last_o henry_n v._o be_v force_v to_o yield_v to_o pope_n calixtus_n and_o divest_v himself_o of_o that_o right_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v always_o challenge_v and_o to_o which_o most_o of_o they_o make_v good_a their_o title_n and_o plea._n this_o poor_a emperor_n i_o say_v abandon_v almost_o by_o all_o the_o world_n and_o combat_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n those_o especial_o of_o the_o clergy_n be_v constrain_v to_o quit_v his_o claim_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o investiture_n by_o this_o formal_a declaration_n i_o henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n emperor_n of_o rome_n for_o the_o love_n of_o god_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a roman_a church_n and_o of_o pope_n calixtus_n and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o my_o own_o soul_n do_v restore_v unto_o god_n and_o to_o his_o bless_a apostle_n st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n and_o to_o the_o holy_a catholic_a church_n all_o kind_n of_o investiture_n make_v by_o the_o ring_n and_o staff_n and_o permit_v that_o election_n and_o free_a consecration_n be_v make_v in_o all_o church_n now_o though_o the_o term_n of_o this_o renunciation_n show_v that_o it_o be_v only_o personal_a and_o that_o it_o lay_v no_o obligation_n on_o his_o successor_n to_o follow_v his_o example_n yet_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o surrender_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v for_o more_o than_o five_o hundred_o year_n pretend_v to_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n of_o investiture_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o eclesiastical_a dignify_v person_n and_o that_o emperor_n successor_n have_v always_o want_v either_o courage_n or_o strength_n enough_o to_o regain_v their_o lose_a prerogative_n there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o advance_v these_o prelate_n in_o the_o german_a church_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v term_v election_n and_o the_o other_o postulation_n when_o the_o chapter_n of_o any_o cathedral_n be_v canonical_o assemble_v choose_v any_o particular_a member_n of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o be_v head_n thereof_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v lawful_o do_v when_o two_o three_o of_o the_o canon_n give_v he_o their_o voice_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v archbishop_n or_o bishop_n by_o election_n but_o if_o the_o same_o canon_n think_v fit_a to_o promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n some_o prince_n or_o prelate_n who_o be_v not_o of_o their_o own_o body_n they_o call_v that_o kind_n of_o proceed_v postulation_n beside_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n there_o be_v several_a other_o ecclesiastical_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n abbot_n abbot_n who_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o diet_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n though_o he_o have_v nothing_o but_o a_o bare_a title_n from_o his_o order_n who_o keep_v usual_o his_o residence_n at_o manenchal_n or_o morkenthal_n and_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n immediate_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n the_o rest_n be_v the_o abbot_n of_o fulda_n hirsesfeld_n murbach_n kempten_a corbay_n prum_n stabel_n and_o ludors_n the_o grand_a prior_n of_o malta_n the_o provost_n of_o elvang_n and_o beressolagaden_v who_o have_v voice_n after_o the_o bishop_n there_o be_v three_o and_o twenty_o other_o prelate_n abbess_n abbess_n and_o fourteen_o abbess_n that_o come_v after_o the_o secular_a prince_n who_o though_o they_o have_v seat_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o have_v no_o voice_n but_o in_o a_o full_a body_n no_o more_o than_o the_o count_n the_o abbess_n be_v they_o of_o quedlimburg_n essen_n hermord_n nidez_n and_o obermunster_n at_o ratisbon_n lindau_n herenroda_n buchau_n upon_o the_o lake_n federsic_a rottemmuster_v near_o rottevil_n hagbaen_n guttenzel_n beind_n dandelau_n and_o gunderthem_fw-mi these_o lady_n be_v oblige_v to_o send_v in_o their_o deputy_n to_o all_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v excuse_v a_o personal_a presence_n because_o of_o their_o sex_n however_o they_o have_v as_o good_a a_o right_a to_o challenge_v seat_n in_o the_o diet_n as_o any_o prince_n whatever_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o prelate_n have_v each_o of_o they_o the_o title_n of_o abbot_n provost_z or_o bailiff_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n and_o have_v common_o so_o large_a revenue_n annex_v to_o their_o title_n and_o dignity_n that_o if_o their_o riches_n be_v employ_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o strike_v terror_n into_o any_o secular_a power_n that_o shall_v dare_v to_o affront_v they_o all_o the_o reform_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n both_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n agree_v in_o this_o church_n reform_a church_n that_o they_o make_v all_o their_o clergy_n acknowledge_v
the_o great_a trade_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n in_o salt_n copper_n kettles_n pot_n wire_n etc._n etc._n considerable_o enrich_v and_o augment_v though_o the_o imperial_a city_n goslar_n be_v whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o can_v proper_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n subject_a to_o those_o prince_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v situate_a in_o this_o country_n and_o whole_o environ_v with_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o this_o place_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n goose_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v here_o the_o emperor_n build_v himself_o a_o palace_n in_o which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v his_o usual_a residence_n this_o palace_n say_v the_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v proper_o name_v goslar_n which_o name_n afterward_o communicate_v to_o the_o town_n build_v round_o about_o it_o for_o the_o termination_n lar_n laer_fw-mi lager_n signify_v no_o more_o say_v they_o than_o a_o dwell_a house_n and_o consequent_o goslar_n must_v denote_v such_o a_o single_a apartment_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n goose_n the_o citizen_n of_o goslar_n enjoy_v as_o many_o and_o large_a privilege_n almost_o as_o any_o other_o immediate_a subject_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o all_o imperial_a writ_n and_o letter_n direct_v to_o they_o they_o be_v style_v nobile_fw-la membrum_fw-la imperii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v exempt_a from_o pay_v toll_n in_o any_o market_n in_o the_o empire_n except_o three_o all_o the_o house_n in_o this_o city_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o glitter_a kind_n of_o slat_n which_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n but_o enough_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n to_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o traveller_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v all_o miner_n and_o the_o only_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v in_o dig_v cleanse_v temper_v and_o vend_v all_o manner_n of_o metal_n except_o gold_n and_o a_o great_a many_o sort_n of_o choice_a mineral_n of_o the_o country_n such_o as_o vitriol_n brimtone_n quicksilver_n copperas_n etc._n etc._n episcopatus_n hildesiensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la novissima_fw-la authore_fw-la joanne_n gigante_n d._n med._n et_fw-fr math._n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanun_n swart_a avita_n fide_fw-la the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n whence_o the_o city_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o bishopric_n come_v to_o be_v so_o call_v be_v not_o unanimous_o agree_v on_o by_o their_o own_o etymologist_n some_o of_o they_o read_v the_o word_n bildesheim_n and_o fetch_v its_o original_n from_o the_o virgin_n mary_n picture_n in_o their_o language_n belde_n with_o some_o other_o relic_n which_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a at_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o diocese_n have_v hang_v upon_o a_o tree_n near_o this_o place_n and_o return_v can_v not_o pull_v they_o off_o again_o other_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v hildeschnee_n i.e._n the_o lord_n snow_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o great_a snow_n which_o fall_v the_o night_n that_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n lodge_v in_o this_o place_n cover_v all_o the_o earth_n for_o some_o mile_n round_o a_o foot_n deep_a except_v only_o the_o place_n where_o the_o cathedral_n now_o stand_v which_o remain_v dry_a and_o untouched_a but_o these_o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o scrap_n of_o old_a legend_n and_o the_o ridiculous_a and_o idle_a fancy_n of_o illiterate_a monk_n it_o be_v much_o more_o likely_a what_o some_o historian_n of_o note_n have_v record_v that_o the_o say_a emperor_n name_v this_o city_n after_o his_o mother_n hildegard_n for_o hilda_n or_o hille_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o abbreviation_n of_o hildegard_n as_o well_o as_o saunder_n of_o alexander_n fritze_n of_o frideric_n metta_n of_o mechtildis_n ilse_n of_o elizabeth_n etc._n etc._n and_o instead_o of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n the_o rustic_n say_v hillsem_n when_o gunther_n a_o poor_a priest_n of_o eltze_n be_v first_o advance_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 822_o this_o diocese_n be_v but_o of_o a_o small_a extent_n but_o in_o after_o age_n the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n schladen_n poppenburg_n peine_fw-fr woldenberg_n hundsrucken_v and_o lewenstein_n be_v annex_v to_o it_o the_o last_o be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n as_o the_o whole_a bishopric_n may_v probable_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o although_o the_o citixen_n at_o present_a as_o well_o as_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o their_o church_n pay_v homage_n to_o maximilian-henry_n government_n government_n elector_n of_o collen_n as_o their_o bishop_n yet_o the_o last_o duke_n of_o hannover_n quarter_v his_o great_a army_n during_o the_o late_a broil_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o diocese_n without_o the_o leave_n and_o doubtless_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o present_a duke_n to_o enter_v upon_o this_o whole_a diocese_n when_o he_o shall_v see_v occasion_n nor_o needs_o he_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n for_o such_o a_o pretence_n in_o so_o do_v we_o know_v into_o what_o strait_n eric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n bring_v john_n iv_o and_o forty-sixth_a bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1523_o when_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o bare_a city_n of_o hildesheim_n with_o the_o three_o inconsiderable_a fort_n of_o peyne_n steurwald_n and_o marienborg_n and_o that_o for_o several_a year_n after_o these_o territory_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v subject_a to_o duke_n eric_n successor_n so_o that_o all_o that_o hinder_v the_o potent_a duke_n ernestus_n from_o re-enter_v upon_o these_o rich_a possession_n of_o some_o of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v either_o his_o exemplary_a fidelity_n in_o a_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1653_o wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o this_o diocese_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o collen_n as_o administrator_n of_o hildesheim_n or_o else_o we_o must_v ascribe_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o delay_n to_o his_o generous_a temper_n in_o scorn_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o present_a calamitous_a estate_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n the_o town_n of_o hildesheim_n though_o usual_o divide_v into_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n look_v all_o of_o it_o very_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a hildesheim_n hildesheim_n but_o otherwise_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o be_v great_a or_o splendid_a in_o the_o cathedral_n may_v be_v see_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o famous_a saxon_a idol_n irmensewl_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o large_a account_n the_o great_a corn-trade_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o raise_v the_o burgher_n of_o hildesheim_n to_o that_o pitch_n as_o to_o obtain_v so_o honourable_a a_o place_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o hans-town_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o traffic_n which_o still_o maintain_v their_o grandeur_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o burgher_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o indeed_o almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v lutheran_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v upon_o a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o citizen_n and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n 1552_o whereupon_o the_o former_a call_v in_o john_n bugenhagen_n ant._n corvin_n and_o henry_n winkel_n three_o lutheran_n preacher_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n draw_v after_o they_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o town_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n abovementioned_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n shall_v not_o be_v open_o teach_v or_o profess_v in_o this_o bishopric_n beyond_o such_o a_o set_a number_n of_o year_n but_o that_o article_n be_v repeal_v and_o make_v invalid_a by_o a_o clause_n in_o the_o general_a treaty_n of_o westphalia_n 648._o the_o best_a catalogue_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o can_v be_v pick_v out_o of_o the_o many_o different_a some_o imperfect_a and_o most_o false_a account_v give_v of_o they_o by_o the_o german_a historian_n be_v as_o follow_v elshop_n elshop_n 1._o gunther_n founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n and_o st._n cecil_n church_n he_o die_v a._n d._n 835._o 2._o frembert_n who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o month_n after_o his_o instalment_n 3_o ebc_n a_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v suspend_v from_o the_o
archbishopric_n of_o rheims_n fie_v to_o ansgar_a archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n by_o who_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n he_o govern_v the_o church_n twelve_o year_n 4._o alfred_n founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o asvelde_n and_o seligensted_n he_o be_v bishop_n eighteen_o year_n 5._o marquard_n slay_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n a._n d._n 880._o who_o in_o his_o day_n overrun_v saxony_n westphalia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o 6._o wigbert_n a_o better_a physician_n than_o divine_a who_o leave_v no_o monument_n behind_o he_o but_o a_o small_a book_n of_o medicinal_a receipt_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 884._o 7._o walbert_n of_o who_o little_o more_o be_v record_v then_o that_o he_o be_v bishop_n and_o die_v a._n d._n 903._o 8._o sehard_n who_o be_v two_o and_o twenty_o year_n bishop_n 9_o deuthard_n he_o give_v the_o communion-table_n of_o gold_n still_o keep_v in_o the_o cathedral_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 936._o 10._o ochwin_n abbot_n of_o perge_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v present_v to_o this_o church_n as_o a_o holy_a relic_n the_o body_n of_o epiphanius_n he_o govern_v 28_o year_n 11._o osdach_n 12._o gerhard_n who_o annex_v the_o two_o village_n of_o algermissen_n and_o silbrechthusen_v to_o the_o diocese_n 13._o bernhard_n count_n of_o sommerschenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n michael_n monastery_n 14._o gothard_n founder_n of_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n and_o monastery_n 15._o dithmar_n 16._o aziline_n or_o anselm_n 17._o heziline_n who_o some_o historian_n call_v echilo_n other_o hezel_n or_o wezel_n 18._o vdo_fw-la 19_o bruning_n 20._o berthold_n 21._o bernhard_n count_n of_o rotenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n gotthard_n monastery_n in_o remembrance_n of_o his_o predecessor_n of_o that_o name_n he_o annex_v the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n to_o this_o bishopric_n 22._o bruno_n 23._o herman_n 24._o adelgad_a 25._o berno_n 26._o conrade_n i._n 27._o heribert_n 28._o sigefride_n 29._o conrade_n ii_o founder_n of_o six_o monastery_n and_o nunnery_n whereof_o three_o be_v build_v in_o hildesheim_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o franckberg_n near_o goslar_n wulfinghausen_n and_o wintzhausen_n 30._o henry_n 31._o john_n who_o annex_v to_o his_o bishopric_n the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o peine_fw-fr 32._o otto_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lune_fw-fr burg_v who_o throw_v the_o count_n of_o woldenberg_n out_o or_o their_o estate_n annex_v they_o to_o his_o own_o diocese_n 33._o sigefride_n count_n of_o quernford_n founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o gruncw_n and_o a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o sarstede_n and_o levenburg_n 34._o henry_n duke_n of_o waldenberge_n who_o enlarge_v the_o diocese_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o county_n of_o damsel_n 35._o otto_n ii_o by_o who_o be_v add_v bockelem_n latter_a barenberg_n and_o the_o county_n of_o pfaffenburg_n now_o poppenburg_n to_o the_o bishopric_n 36._o henry_n the_o three_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o give_v to_o the_o diocese_n the_o county_n of_o schladen_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o widenlage_n and_o woldenstein_n 37._o john_n schadeband_n 38._o gerhard_n baron_n of_o berge_n near_o minden_n of_o who_o buntingus_n report_v that_o he_o cover_v the_o tower_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o hildesheim_n with_o beat_a gold_n instead_o of_o lead_n 39_o john_n the_o three_o earl_n of_o hoya_n 40._o magnus_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a who_o give_v the_o town_n of_o grune_n and_o hamelen_n with_o the_o county_n of_o homburg_n 41._o bernhard_n duke_n of_o luneburg_n 42._o ernest_n count_n of_o schavenburg_n 43._o henning_n 44._o barthold_n 45._o eric_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a 46._o john_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n eric_n this_o bishop_n lose_v more_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n then_o all_o his_o predecessor_n have_v bestow_v on_o the_o bishopric_n 47._o balthasar_z merklin_n a_o doctor_n of_o law_n and_o deputy-chancellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._n 48._o otto_n iii_o count_n of_o schowenburg_n 49._o valentine_n von_fw-mi thereleben_n a_o doctor_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n who_o sue_v the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o emperor_n court_n and_o recover_v back_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o lose_a bishopric_n 50._o frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n 51._o burchard_n some_o say_v nicolas_n von_n oberg_n 52._o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n 53._o ferdinand_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n archbishop_n and_o elector_n of_o collen_n 54._o maximilian-henry_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o collen_n and_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n bear_v duke_n of_o bavaria_n the_o eight_o day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o other_o town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o hildesheim_n be_v 1._o peina_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o small_a city_n on_o the_o river_n fuse_n about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n from_o brunswic_n the_o town_n itself_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a but_o the_o castle_n mention_v by_o latin_a author_n under_o the_o name_n of_o castrum_n poynum_n and_o represent_v as_o the_o chief_a bulwark_n of_o this_o bishopric_n be_v mount_v on_o a_o hill_n not_o far_o from_o peina_n be_v fight_v a_o famous_a battle_n in_o the_o year_n 1553_o betwixt_o maurice_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v conqueror_n and_o the_o former_a slay_v 2._o marienborg_n a_o fort_n not_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o hildesheim_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o innerste_fw-mi it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o bishop_n henry_n iii_o when_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n by_o the_o too_o powerful_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n 3._o poppenburg_n 4._o dassel_n 5._o bokenem_fw-la 6._o woldenburg_n with_o some_o other_o all_o of_o they_o chief_a town_n in_o so_o many_o county_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o of_o little_a other_o consequence_n episcopatus_n halberstadensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nova_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la jâ—â—â—sonis-waesbergione_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n 〈◊〉_d stephan_n swart_a the_o principality_n of_o halberstad_n irenicus_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o city_n of_o halberstad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o principapality_n be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mention_v by_o ptolemy_n this_o conjecture_n though_o never_o confirm_v by_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o reason_n be_v embrace_v by_o appian_n a_o author_n not_o much_o give_v to_o mistake_n but_o whence_o it_o get_v the_o new_a name_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o bertius_fw-la a_o learned_a geographer_n but_o one_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a rely_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o bruschius_n and_o schopper_n derive_v the_o word_n from_o a_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n elb_n and_o ora_n neither_o of_o which_o come_v near_o this_o city_n dresser_n read_v the_o word_n albertistatt_fw-mi and_o werdenhagen_n with_o the_o most_o probability_n on_o his_o side_n guess_v from_o the_o imperfect_a foundation_n of_o as_o much_o build_n as_o be_v now_o stand_v still_o to_o be_v see_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o town_n and_o be_v never_o finish_v that_o its_o name_n be_v right_o at_o first_o give_v it_o halbe-statt_a or_o half_o a_o city_n this_o principality_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n as_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour-province_n and_o excel_v the_o most_o of_o they_o for_o pleasant_a forest_n and_o plenty_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n the_o large_a park_n in_o it_o be_v the_o hackel_n lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n and_z giving_z name_n to_o the_o ancient_a barony_n of_o hackelborn_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n on_o the_o north-west_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o fenny_a bog_n and_o marsh_n for_o some_o mile_n over_o which_o they_o have_v dam_n throw_v up_o and_o upon_o they_o highway_n lead_v to_o helmstadt_n brunswic_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishopric_n halberstadt_n which_o be_v only_o turn_v into_o a_o principality_n by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o salingstatt_n call_v afterward_o ostrowick_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o but_o soon_o after_o with_o permission_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n be_v remove_v to_o this_o place_n by_o its_o first_o bishop_n hildegrine_n who_o be_v succeed_v in_o his_o diocese_n by_o the_o follow_a prelate_n 2._o dietgrine_n 3._o haymo_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 827_o leave_v behind_o he_o large_a commentary_n on_o the_o prophet_n and_o apostle_n some_o whereof_z be_v still_o extant_a 4._o hildegrine_n the_o second_o 5._o evelp_v 6._o sigismond_n monk_n of_o hirsaug_n 7._o bernhard_n burggrave_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o hadmersheim_n 8._o hildeward_n count_n of_o warlow_n 9_o arnold_n 10._o brantho_n 11._o burcard_n count_n of_o woburg_n bernard_n bucho_n 13._o dietmar_n 14._o harrand_v who_o some_o author_n call_v stephen_n 15._o reinhard_n who_o fight_v against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o welpho_n and_o rout_v his_o
henry_n the_o first_o be_v sister_n though_o other_o think_v it_o rather_o a_o corruption_n of_o papenberg_n or_o pfaffenberg_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o pfaffen_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o delicate_a situation_n of_o this_o city_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a fruit_n and_o plant_n beyond_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n and_o shall_v here_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v observable_a within_o the_o town_n the_o old_a earl_n of_o bamberg_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o altenburg_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n but_o the_o bishop_n have_v now_o adays_o a_o palace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n on_o a_o small_a island_n in_o the_o river_n regnitz_n it_o be_v a_o pile_n of_o build_v sufficient_o magnificent_a and_o splendid_a rare_o beautify_v with_o large_a and_o fair_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o jesuit_n college_n and_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n and_o the_o four_o spire_n at_o the_o cathedral_n be_v noble_a schweinfurt_n or_o trajectus_n svevorum_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o swabe_n pass_v the_o river_n main_a in_o this_o place_n fâ—â—â—_n sâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n fâ—â—â—_n goltmeyer_n say_v this_o town_n be_v build_v 217_o year_n before_o christ_n but_o bring_v little_a proof_n for_o what_o he_o report_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a neither_o very_o large_a nor_o populous_a but_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a river_n run_v by_o this_o city_n be_v by_o some_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o hennenberg_n of_o which_o anon_o territorium_fw-la francofurtense_n to_o john_n hillersdon_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n esq_n thismapp_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o main_a the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o franc_n have_v once_o make_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o thorough_o incense_v that_o bold_a and_o resolute_a people_n he_o can_v get_v but_o little_a rest_n till_o he_o have_v subdue_v they_o beyond_o all_o possibility_n of_o a_o rebellion_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o press_v in_o swarm_n upon_o the_o franc_n who_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o too_o numerous_a for_o their_o enemy_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o pursue_v to_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n main_a where_o they_o have_v sometime_o the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o franc_n who_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ford_n of_o that_o river_n will_v sudden_o rush_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o put_v most_o of_o they_o either_o to_o flight_n or_o the_o sword_n from_o these_o sally_n it_o be_v think_v the_o town_n of_o francfurt_n have_v its_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o one_o of_o these_o common_a ford_n of_o the_o franc_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ingenious_a gunther_n in_o his_o ligurinus_n where_o he_o say_v quia_fw-la carolus_n illic_fw-la saxonas_fw-la indomita_fw-la nimium_fw-la feritate_fw-la rebel_n oppugnans_fw-la rapidi_fw-la latissima_fw-la flumina_fw-la maeni_fw-la ignoto_fw-la fregisse_fw-la vado_fw-la mediumque_fw-la per_fw-la amnem_fw-la transmississe_fw-la svas_fw-la neglecto_fw-la ponte_fw-la cohortes_fw-la creditur_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o other_o say_v though_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o francus_n the_o first_o captain_n of_o these_o people_n and_o that_o from_o he_o it_o get_v its_o name_n and_o some_o as_o ridiculous_o have_v call_v it_o helenopolis_n from_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n mother_n the_o town_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o main_a whereof_o the_o great_a be_v call_v francfurt_n and_o the_o less_o sachsen-huss_a or_o the_o house_n of_o the_o saxon_n these_o two_o be_v unite_v by_o a_o stone-bridge_n across_o the_o river_n of_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o arch_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o magistrate_n the_o city_n be_v strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v and_o which_o give_v it_o more_o strength_n than_o wall_n or_o rampire_n can_v do_v its_o inhabitant_n be_v unanimous_a professor_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n the_o jew_n indeed_o have_v one_o street_n to_o themselves_o and_o be_v allow_v a_o synagogue_n with_o the_o public_a profession_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o these_o be_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o handful_n of_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o their_o disturb_v the_o government_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o well_o seat_v for_o that_o purpose_n for_o the_o main_a pass_v by_o the_o great_a city_n of_o bamberg_n schweinfurt_n wurtzburg_n and_o guemund_n give_v it_o a_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o franconia_n and_o the_o same_o river_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n carry_v off_o and_o bring_v in_o commodity_n from_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o the_o netherlands_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v at_o the_o two_o great_a fair_n keep_v here_o yearly_o in_o march_n and_o september_n at_o which_o time_n all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n especial_o book_n be_v bring_v hither_o by_o the_o factor_n of_o the_o german_n hollander_n italian_n french_a and_z english_z they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o catalogue_n publish_v of_o such_o new_a book_n as_o be_v or_o will_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o they_o our_o london_n bookseller_n have_v of_o late_a year_n learn_v the_o trick_n of_o print_v a_o catalogue_n every_o term._n as_o long_o as_o this_o mart_n last_v which_o be_v usual_o three_o week_n there_o be_v here_o as_o great_a variety_n and_o choice_n of_o book_n as_o in_o any_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o when_o that_o be_v over_o the_o bookseller_n shop_n be_v usual_o shut_v up_o on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a horse-fair_a wherein_o yearly_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o good_a horse_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v among_o the_o many_o privilege_n confer_v on_o this_o city_n by_o several_a of_o the_o german_a emperor_n privilege_n privilege_n the_o chief_a be_v its_o be_v appoint_v the_o certain_a place_n for_o the_o election_n of_o every_o new_a emperor_n this_o be_v a_o customary_a thing_n ever_o since_o arnulph_n the_o first_o be_v day_n but_o confirm_v only_o by_o charles_n iv_o author_n of_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n after_o the_o elector_n have_v give_v their_o voice_n in_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n if_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o now_o there_o be_v eight_o elector_n it_o may_v easy_o happen_v which_o person_n have_v the_o most_o vote_n it_o have_v be_v usual_a for_o the_o two_o candidate_n to_o determine_v the_o quarrel_n by_o battle_n in_o the_o neighbour_a field_n wherein_o the_o conqueror_n be_v carry_v off_o with_o great_a acclamation_n back_o to_o the_o city_n and_o there_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n thus_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v betwixt_o henry_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o conrade_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o as_o also_o between_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o frideric_n arch_a duke_n of_o austria_n and_o last_o betwixt_o gunther_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n and_o charles_n iu._n these_o be_v the_o instance_n give_v by_o munster_n and_o some_o other_o german_a writer_n all_o of_o who_o martin_n zeiller_n rely_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o chrst_n lehman_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o spire_n fancy_v to_o be_v mistake_v and_o to_o report_v story_n which_o none_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historian_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n when_o these_o thing_n shall_v have_v be_v transact_v ever_o mention_n st._n bartholomew_n church_n in_o francfurt_n be_v a_o venerable_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o architecture_n have_v be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n pepin_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v father_n some_o other_o public_a building_n as_o the_o town-hall_n several_a monastery_n etc._n etc._n be_v worth_a the_o see_v but_o the_o mineral_n spring_n and_o bath_n be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o be_v daily_o visit_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o town_n and_o neighbourhood_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o cold_a bath_n wherein_o as_o zeiller_n report_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o his_o day_n to_o wash_v woman_n before_o they_o go_v to_o be_v marry_v or_o as_o soon_o as_o their_o month_n of_o childbed_n be_v over_o but_o that_o which_o give_v england_n the_o great_a cause_n to_o remember_v this_o city_n be_v the_o entertainment_n of_o some_o of_o our_o protestant_a minister_n who_o with_o their_o congregation_n flee_v hither_o in_o the_o day_n of_o queen_n mary_n bitter_a persecution_n yet_o i_o be_o sorry_a our_o island_n be_v force_v to_o own_o such_o a_o set_v of_o ecclesiastic_o who_o go_v hence_o a_o pack_n of_o zuinglian_a gospeler_n and_o
under_o he_o they_o make_v use_v of_o in_o their_o war_n with_o the_o tartar_n a_o general_n they_o call_v the_o walk_v captain_n or_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o walk_a castle_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o double_a wall_n of_o thick_a pale_n so_o contrive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o ashort_a time_n set_v up_o in_o length_n and_o then_o it_o will_v reach_v seven_o mile_n and_o the_o two_o wall_n about_o ten_o foot_n distance_n the_o pale_n be_v high_a than_o a_o man_n and_o in_o they_o loophole_n to_o lay_v out_o the_o nose_n of_o their_o musequet_n and_o this_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o shot_n where_o the_o enemy_n have_v no_o canon_n as_o the_o tartar_n have_v not_o else_o it_o be_v of_o little_a use_n or_o esteem_v they_o have_v also_o one_o great_a drum_n carry_v upon_o four_o horse_n fasten_v together_o and_o eight_o man_n to_o beat_v it_o but_o these_o custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o they_o follow_v the_o mode_n of_o the_o german_n and_o other_o european_n they_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v better_o at_o keep_v fort_n and_o city_n then_o in_o a_o field_n battle_n valour_n their_o valour_n to_o which_o also_o their_o frequent_a fasting_n slender_a diet_n education_n to_o hardship_n do_v much_o dispose_v they_o their_o woman_n have_v many_o time_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o soldier_n keep_v guard_n fight_v stout_o upon_o the_o work_n and_o even_o defend_v breach_n in_o some_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o livonia_n when_o the_o pole_n take_v they_o they_o find_v almost_o all_o the_o man_n consume_v in_o one_o but_o two_o be_v leave_v and_o yet_o those_o two_o refuse_v to_o yield_v up_o the_o fort_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v not_o to_o have_v perform_v their_o trust_n to_o their_o prince_n when_o the_o polonian_n upbraid_v they_o with_o their_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o battle_n when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a advantage_n they_o answer_v but_o who_o have_v smolensko_n novogorod_n etc._n etc._n their_o fort_n be_v very_o well_o victual_v and_o mane_v fortify_v common_o with_o turf_n keep_v up_o with_o bavin_n hurdle_n or_o timber_n which_o resist_v battery_n the_o better_a though_o the_o frost_n have_v too_o much_o power_n upon_o they_o they_o now_o also_o face_n they_o with_o brick_n and_o stone_n their_o sinboiar_n be_v educate_v and_o inure_v to_o war_n in_o those_o fort_n but_o they_o stay_v not_o above_o a_o year_n or_o two_o in_o one_o garrison_n as_o neither_o do_v the_o governor_n there_o be_v general_o two_o and_o sometime_o three_o governor_n in_o one_o garrison_n the_o chief_a have_v care_n of_o the_o munition_n and_o never_o stir_v forth_o the_o other_o upon_o occasion_n go_v abroad_o sally_n fetch_v in_o contribution_n etc._n etc._n many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o valiant_a expert_a and_o careful_a soldier_n of_o all_o their_o borderer_n they_o most_o apprehend_v the_o swede_n the_o polonian_n be_v more_o valiant_a and_o will_v not_o fear_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o to_o fight_v sixty_o thousand_o russes_z but_o they_o be_v not_o so_o expert_a in_o take_v town_n nor_o be_v they_o so_o easy_o keep_v together_o their_o obedience_n be_v too_o voluntary_a the_o tartar_n do_v the_o russes_z most_o mischief_n for_o in_o sudden_a and_o violent_a inroad_n they_o sweep_v a_o whole_a country_n carry_v away_o all_o that_o be_v able_a to_o march_v and_o child_n that_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o basket_n which_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n if_o the_o russes_z meet_v with_o they_o they_o never_o refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o they_o but_o the_o tartar_n seldom_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n but_o if_o they_o apprehend_v themselves_o weak_a they_o will_v all_o disperse_v and_o rendezvous_n again_o at_o night_n or_o after_o one_o day_n or_o two_o in_o their_o last_o invasion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v carry_v away_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o captive_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o depopulate_v a_o country_n the_o best_a defence_n against_o they_o be_v a_o great_a barren_a desert_n of_o twenty_o day_n march_v be_v the_o confine_n between_o they_o and_o the_o russes_z but_o in_o general_a all_o war_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o russ_n for_o they_o raise_v great_a army_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o marry_a man_n and_o be_v not_o very_o careful_a of_o preserve_v their_o man_n all_o the_o time_n therefore_o that_o war_n last_v the_o woman_n be_v unfruitful_a and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o old_a stock_n decay_v and_o the_o new_a do_v not_o advance_v the_o remedy_n they_o have_v be_v by_o work_v the_o czremiss_a and_o other_o moderator_n tartar_n mingle_v among_o they_o to_o a_o coalition_n with_o they_o into_o the_o same_o religion_n and_o government_n which_o the_o russes_z sedulous_o endeavour_n and_o have_v in_o good_a part_n effect_v next_o for_o their_o religion_n and_o religious_a ceremony_n 〈◊〉_d religin_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d themselves_o say_v that_o st._n andrew_n plant_v christianity_n among_o they_o which_o be_v by_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n afterward_o either_o abolish_v or_o very_o much_o deface_v till_o after_o the_o year_n 900_o some_o say_v 960_o other_o 989_o it_o be_v again_o restore_v by_o volodomir_n i_o find_v in_o can._n 28._o conc._n chalced._n that_o it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o church_n of_o the_o barbarian_n shall_v receive_v their_o ordination_n from_o constantinople_n both_o balsamon_n and_o zonaras_n interpret_v this_o of_o the_o russes_z so_o that_o these_o two_o learned_a person_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o russes_z be_v christian_n before_o that_o council_n which_o begin_v 451._o and_o their_o metropolitan_a be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o constantinopolitan_a patriarch_n may_v seem_v to_o argue_v so_o much_o but_o neither_o of_o these_o argument_n be_v convince_a let_v we_o therefore_o follow_v the_o common_a opinion_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o that_o they_o be_v christian_n in_o volodomir_n time_n and_o that_o they_o follow_v or_o consent_v with_o the_o greek_a church_n as_o they_o do_v still_o in_o most_o of_o their_o opinion_n and_o practice_n the_o great_a difference_n seem_v to_o be_v their_o rebaptisation_n whereof_o more_o by_o and_o by_o their_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o church_n till_o now_o of_o late_a i._n e._n by_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n whether_o they_o retain_v the_o lesser_a order_n as_o they_o be_v call_v i_o can_v find_v till_o of_o late_a the_o supreme_a officer_n in_o their_o church_n be_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o his_o clergy_n be_v ordain_v or_o consecrate_v by_o a_o commission_n from_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 1588._o there_o come_v to_o moskow_n one_o hieronymus_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n and_o to_o have_v be_v banish_v for_o i_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n by_o the_o turk_n other_o say_v that_o he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o own_o clergy_n for_o comply_v too_o much_o with_o the_o western_a church_n and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la he_o do_v endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v the_o russes_z to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o which_o purpose_n ant._n possevine_n be_v at_o that_o time_n also_o send_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n who_o interest_v themselves_o serious_o in_o this_o affair_n which_o not_o succeed_v hieronymus_n begin_v to_o treat_v about_o resign_v his_o patriarchship_n and_o translate_n of_o the_o see_v from_o constantinople_n to_o moskow_n which_o motion_n be_v greedy_o embrace_v by_o the_o russes_z and_o jan._n 25_o 1588._o in_o a_o very_a great_a solemnity_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n go_v in_o procession_n through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n at_o length_n in_o our_o lady_n church_n he_o make_v a_o oration_n to_o the_o foresay_a purpose_n deliver_v up_o his_o resignation_n authenticated_a and_o his_o patriarchal_a staff_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o present_o with_o divers_a ceremony_n be_v inaugurate_v patriarch_n and_o his_o successor_n do_v all_o use_v that_o title_n and_o be_v consecrate_v by_o their_o own_o bishop_n whether_o this_o action_n be_v valid_a i_o dispute_v not_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v do_v not_o question_v it_o and_o to_o stop_v his_o mouth_n as_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v every_o year_n beside_o upon_o divers_a other_o occasion_n a_o very_a considerable_a present_n of_o five_o hundred_o crown_n send_v to_o he_o beside_o the_o greek_n want_v not_o other_o artifices_fw-la as_o send_v thing_n hallow_a relic_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o they_o receive_v very_o great_a present_n yet_o filaretes_n nikitys_n the_o late_a patriarch_n and_o father_n to_o the_o emperor_n michael_n federowitz_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
and_o charles_n ix_o who_o the_o swede_n have_v set_v up_o king_n in_o his_o place_n these_o gustavus_n adolphus_n continue_v and_o in_o they_o overrun_v almost_o all_o liefland_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1629_o a_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o six_o year_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o he_o have_v win_v this_o truce_n be_v again_o renew_v for_o 26_o year_n more_o a.d._n 1635._o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o whilst_o a_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n be_v lay_v waist_n by_o the_o moscovite_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n before_o the_o 26_o year_n be_v expire_v proclaim_a war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n allege_v among_o other_o thing_n as_o a_o reason_n for_o his_o proceed_n that_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n at_o stockholm_n have_v protest_v against_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n at_o the_o beginning_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n go_v much_o on_o his_o side_n but_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o dane_n make_v incursion_n into_o sweden_n force_v he_o to_o quit_v poland_n and_o be_v more_o concern_v to_o defend_v what_o he_o have_v at_o home_n then_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a conquest_n abroad_o however_o the_o war_n still_o continue_v till_o a.d._n 1660._o when_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n peace_n be_v establish_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n at_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n of_o which_o these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o article_n that_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o principality_n of_o finland_n that_o he_o shall_v only_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o his_o life_n but_o not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o any_o of_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o swedish_n king_n that_o he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_v that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n duna_n and_o disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o esten_n and_o oesel_n and_o whatever_o on_o this_o side_n the_o duna_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n during_o the_o truce_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v still_o keep_v the_o southern_a liefland_n in_o which_o be_v reckon_v duneburg_n rositen_n luzen_n marienhusen_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v long_o subject_a to_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n until_o about_o the_o year_n 1158_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o lubeck_n who_o get_v leave_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o build_v a_o small_a chapel_n in_o a_o island_n upon_o the_o duna_n thence_o call_v kircholm_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o christian_a worship_n afterward_o menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o liefland_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o send_v over_o by_o the_o merchant_n to_o propagate_v christianity_n in_o these_o part_n his_o seat_n be_v at_o vxkel_n a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o duna_n not_o far_o from_o riga_n bertholdus_n a_o monk_n of_o bremen_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n paul_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o bishopric_n he_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o riga_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o see_n but_o live_v not_o long_o to_o enjoy_v it_o there_o for_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v christianity_n more_o by_o the_o sword_n than_o spirit_n he_o be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o pagan_n albertus_n bertholdus_n immediate_a successor_n fortify_v riga_n and_o make_v it_o a_o city_n that_o do_v he_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n confirm_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 1204_o hope_v thereby_o to_o be_v better_a able_a than_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v to_o oppose_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o heathen_a not_o long_o after_o when_o this_o order_n be_v change_v into_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o society_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o prussia_n the_o master_n of_o which_o have_v power_n give_v he_o to_o appoint_v a_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o prussian_a bishop_n of_o culm_n pomesen_n and_o sambland_n do_v though_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o advance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n make_v he_o a_o archbishop_n and_o themselves_o his_o suffragans_fw-la only_o the_o bishop_n of_o warm_a as_o have_v never_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n will_v not_o yield_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o member_n of_o the_o province_n of_o riga_n in_o this_o state_n the_o church_n of_o liefland_n continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1513_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o xli_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n buy_v off_o all_o homage_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n and_o be_v himself_o make_v absolute_a prince_n of_o liefland_n his_o successor_n live_v and_o enjoy_v their_o dominion_n in_o peace_n till_o the_o day_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n but_o afterward_o what_o with_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a war_n and_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n polander_n swede_n and_o dane_n the_o country_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a medley_n of_o man_n and_o religion_n at_o this_o day_n those_o part_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n do_v general_o profess_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n most_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n adhere_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n though_o some_o be_v lutheran_n in_o some_o part_n of_o esten_n the_o poor_a ignorant_a rustic_n be_v half_a pagan_n liefland_n be_v former_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n only_o let_v and_o esten_n to_o which_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n add_v curland_n some_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o six_o part_n curland_n semigal_n esten_n let_v harland_n and_o virland_n but_o semigal_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o harland_n and_o virland_n part_n of_o esten_n of_o these_o curland_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o nevertheless_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o part_n also_o of_o let_v which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o south_n liefland_n be_v since_o the_o treaty_n at_o oliva_n in_o that_o king_n possession_n the_o curoni_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o curland_n and_o semigal_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o caryones_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o windaw_n a_o small_a village_n which_o still_o bear_v their_o memory_n in_o its_o name_n be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o this_o day_n call_v curon_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o mitaw_fw-mi the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mauss_n take_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o but_o restore_v a.d._n 1629._o the_o town_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a but_o the_o castle_n magnificent_o rebuilt_a by_o some_o of_o the_o late_a duke_n 2._o windaw_n or_o winden_n as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o though_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o kies_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n windaw_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n here_o former_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n afterward_o the_o general_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o curland_n have_v their_o session_n in_o this_o city_n which_o make_v it_o exceed_o populous_a at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v little_a appearance_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n nor_o be_v it_o frequent_v by_o any_o but_o a_o few_o dutch_a merchant_n who_o be_v here_o lade_v with_o tar_n pitch_n and_o wax_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_n very_o ordinary_a among_o the_o historian_n that_o write_v of_o this_o country_n to_o confound_v this_o city_n with_o wenden_n in_o let_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o too_o be_v call_v by_o the_o polander_v kies_n and_o the_o old_a dutch_a sea-cart_n mention_v a_o kind_n of_o castle_n with_o three_o tower_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o windaw_n but_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o of_o any_o sea-port-town_n in_o this_o place_n 3._o pilten_a or_o piltyn_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o curland_n build_v by_o waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n a.d._n 1219._o the_o southern_a or_o polish_v liefland_n contain_v only_o a_o few_o small_a town_n or_o village_n among_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o but_o duneburg_n a_o castle_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n volhinia_n podolia_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o polish_v dominion_n reach_v former_o a_o considerable_a
christian_n whereupon_o he_o be_v baptize_v in_o the_o year_n 826_o and_o immediate_o restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o he_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o continue_v heathen_a till_o reclaim_v by_o st._n anschar_n who_o for_o his_o good_a office_n in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 835._o 2._o eric_n succeed_v his_o brother_n harald_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o cruelty_n against_o the_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o day_n about_o the_o year_n 853_o the_o dane_n first_o enter_v france_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n rollo_n though_o other_o more_o probable_o relate_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o northern_a rover_n that_o invade_v france_n but_o to_o have_v succeed_v to_o gotfrid_n and_o to_o have_v enter_v france_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o and_o not_o to_o have_v be_v peaceable_o settle_v in_o normandy_n till_o 889_o or_o 890_o see_v the_o history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o that_o part_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n 3._o eric_n barn_n or_o the_o child_n be_v the_o only_a male_n leave_v alive_a of_o the_o royal_a family_n after_o the_o bloody_a war_n between_o his_o predecessor_n and_o guthorm_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n happy_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n guthorm_n but_o within_o awhile_o he_o grow_v more_o cruel_a than_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v slay_v more_o bishop_n and_o destroy_v more_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n both_o in_o germany_n and_o england_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n put_v together_o in_o his_o german_a war_n he_o slay_v brunno_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o twelve_o count_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 902._o 4._o canutus_n the_o hairy_a or_o lodneknudt_fw-ge succeed_v his_o father_n eric_n in_o his_o day_n say_v king_n eric_n in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la every_o three_o man_n in_o denmark_n go_v by_o lot_n to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n so_o that_o those_o who_o march_v off_o overrun_v all_o prussia_n semgal_n curland_n and_o several_a other_o country_n whence_o they_o never_o return_v but_o there_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n he_o die_v a_o heathen_a about_o the_o year_n 912._o 5._o after_o the_o death_n of_o canutus_n the_o danish_a sceptre_n be_v give_v to_o frotho_n his_o son_n so_o say_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n though_o lindenbruch_n report_v that_o his_o brother_n sueno_n reign_v nine_o year_n he_o be_v twenty_o year_n king_n of_o england_n and_o denmark_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o die_v a_o good_a christian_n 6._o gormo_n gormund_n or_o guthrum_n surname_v hartesnute_n and_o engelend_a because_o bear_v in_o england_n succeed_v his_o father_n he_o together_o with_o his_o follower_n be_v baptize_v at_o aalre_a in_o sommersetshire_n and_o have_v our_o learned_a and_o pious_a king_n aelfr_v to_o his_o godfather_n who_o at_o the_o font_n give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o athelstane_n and_o afterward_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n from_o this_o gormo_n a_o village_n near_o huntingdon_n call_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n corrupt_o godman-chester_n have_v its_o name_n gormon-chester_n as_o cambden_n prove_v from_o that_o old_a verse_n gormonis_fw-la a_o castri_fw-la nomine_fw-la nomen_fw-la habet_fw-la i_o be_o very_o unwilling_a i_o must_v confess_v to_o confound_v this_o gormo_n with_o king_n aelfred_n godson_n who_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v from_o english_a writer_n never_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n neither_o do_v the_o time_n agree_v but_o the_o danish_a historian_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o confusion_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o writing_n 7._o harald_n surname_v blaatand_v succeed_v his_o father_n gormo_n in_o his_o day_n the_o dane_n throw_v up_o that_o famous_a trench_n between_o gottorp_n and_o sleswic_n call_v dannewirck_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o 8._o sueno_n or_o svenotho_n surname_v tuiskeg_n i._n e._n fork'd-beard_n succeed_v harald_n at_o first_o he_o be_v a_o heathen_a and_o a_o severe_a persecutor_n of_o the_o christian_n but_o afterward_o he_o turn_v christian_n himself_o and_o found_v three_o bishopric_n at_o sleswic_n ripe_n and_o arhuse_v some_o say_v he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1012_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o york_n other_o make_v he_o live_v till_o the_o year_n 1014_o and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n in_o denmark_n 9_o canutus_n the_o great_a son_n to_o sueno_n he_o be_v at_o once_o king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n norway_n slavonia_n and_o sambland_n some_o make_v he_o king_n or_o duke_n at_o least_o of_o normandy_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o old_a distich_n which_o not_o reckon_v either_o slavonia_n or_o sambland_n a_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o in_o thus_o speak_v of_o himself_o facta_fw-la mihi_fw-la magni_fw-la pepererunt_fw-la inclyta_fw-la nomen_fw-la quinque_fw-la sub_fw-la imperio_fw-la regna_fw-la fuere_fw-la meo_fw-la he_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 1036_o after_o he_o have_v be_v twenty-seven_o year_n king_n of_o denmark_n twentyfour_o of_o england_n and_o seven_o of_o norway_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n to_o his_o son_n 10._o hardicnute_a who_o within_o four_o year_n obtain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n harald_n here_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1041_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o winchester_n 11._o magnus_n king_n of_o norway_n seize_v on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o hardicnute_a pretend_v a_o title_n to_o it_o by_o contract_n but_o he_o enjoy_v it_o not_o long_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1048_o and_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o 12._o sveno_fw-la esthret_n son_n on_o one_o vlf_n a_o english_a earl_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o leave_v behind_o he_o five_o son_n who_o all_o of_o they_o sit_v successive_o in_o their_o father_n throne_n 13._o harald_n sveno_n elder_a son_n hold_v the_o sceptre_n only_o two_o year_n he_o be_v a_o soft_a easy_a and_o timorous_a prince_n afraid_a to_o punish_v offender_n or_o to_o look_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n so_o that_o the_o english_a make_v use_n of_o the_o opportunity_n shake_v off_o the_o danish_a yoke_n without_o any_o considerable_a molestation_n 14._o st._n canutus_n king_n swain_n second_o son_n be_v barbarous_o murder_v in_o st._n alban_n church_n in_o odensee_n a_o city_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o funen_n whither_o he_o flee_v for_o sanctuary_n from_o the_o rage_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1088_o pontanus_n say_v 1077_o the_o occasion_n be_v this_o the_o pious_a king_n command_v that_o all_o his_o subject_n shall_v pay_v tithe_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n this_o edict_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o people_n by_o his_o brother_n olaf_n who_o long_v for_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a whereupon_o they_o quick_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n against_o their_o sovereign_n who_o to_o appease_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o rabble_n be_v martyr_v 15._o olaf_n swain_n three_o son_n upon_o the_o slaughter_n of_o his_o brother_n cnute_n which_o he_o traitorous_o have_v procure_v be_v by_o his_o follower_n unanimous_o declare_v king_n but_o his_o brother_n blood_n go_v not_o long_o unrevenged_a for_o in_o this_o king_n day_n the_o famine_n be_v so_o great_a in_o denmark_n that_o even_o the_o king_n household_n want_v bread_n olaf_n at_o last_o sensible_a that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o sin_n pray_v that_o god_n will_v turn_v the_o current_n of_o his_o vengeance_n from_o the_o people_n upon_o his_o head_n that_o have_v offend_v his_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o the_o same_o night_n in_o the_o year_n 1096_o he_o die_v hungry_a and_o miserable_a and_o the_o famine_n immediate_o abate_v 16._o eric_n swain_n four_o son_n surname_v the_o good_a for_o his_o religious_a zeal_n and_o piety_n who_o die_v in_o his_o pilgrimage_n towards_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o in_o his_o day_n lunden_n be_v make_v a_o archbishop_n see_v before_o which_o time_n all_o the_o danish_a bishop_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 17._o nicolas_n sveno_n young_a son_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o jute_n in_o revenge_n of_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n
so_o ridiculous_a as_o to_o have_v the_o work_n of_o so_o many_o year_n confute_v in_o one_o page_n by_o our_o learned_a dr._n pell_n at_o that_o time_n public_a professor_n of_o mathematics_n in_o amsterdam_n 6._o arrild_n witfield_n lord_n of_o odersberch_n and_o sometime_o chancellor_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o first_o that_o reduce_v saxo_n history_n to_o a_o chronological_a method_n annex_v the_o year_n to_o every_o memorable_a passage_n beside_o he_o compose_v and_o publish_v a_o accurate_a chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o the_o danish_a tongue_n of_o which_o work_n pontanus_n who_o be_v once_o his_o clerk_n gives_z a_o very_o high_a character_n 7._o stephanus_n stephanius_n professor_n of_o history_n in_o the_o university_n at_o sore_a have_v illustrate_v saxo_n grammaticus_n with_o most_o accurate_a and_o learned_a note_n beside_o he_o write_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o from_o the_o year_n 1550_o to_o 1559_o which_o since_o his_o death_n be_v print_v at_o sore_a a._n d._n 1650._o 8._o olaus_n wormius_n late_a regius_n professor_n of_o physic_n in_o copengagen_n beside_o the_o rare_a collection_n he_o make_v of_o natural_a curiosity_n of_o which_o his_o musaeum_fw-la wormianum_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n have_v with_o great_a diligence_n and_o success_n make_v discovery_n of_o that_o venerable_a and_o mysterious_a part_n of_o learning_n which_o before_o his_o time_n have_v lie_v unregarded_a for_o many_o age_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o denmark_n his_o literatura_fw-la runica_n monumenta_fw-la danica_n fasti_fw-la danici_n and_o other_o writing_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v enough_o to_o inform_v any_o man_n how_o much_o his_o own_o countryman_n and_o all_o that_o be_v wellwisher_n to_o learning_n be_v indebt_v to_o his_o indefatigable_a pain_n and_o industry_n 9_o petrus_n johannes_n resenius_n professor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n have_v for_o several_a year_n last_o pass_v apply_v himself_o to_o a_o enquiry_n after_o the_o antiquity_n of_o his_o country_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o have_v make_v a_o much_o large_a collection_n of_o runic_a monument_n then_o ever_o wormius_n meet_v with_o which_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v he_o design_n ere_o long_o to_o publish_v in_o a_o work_n of_o some_o volume_n the_o edda_n islandorum_n and_o other_o ancient_a piece_n already_o print_v may_v give_v we_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o ability_n in_o these_o severe_a study_n and_o teach_v we_o what_o to_o expect_v from_o so_o curious_a a_o antiquary_n to_o these_o many_o more_o as_o petrus_n severinus_n the_o two_o bartholin_n borrichius_n and_o several_a other_o which_o be_v to_o find_v in_o erasmus_n vindingii_n his_o academia_n hafniensis_n may_v be_v add_v but_o those_o that_o have_v be_v reckon_v up_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v we_o how_o much_o denmark_n have_v contribute_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o learning_n what_o kind_n of_o idol_n and_o false_a god_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a dane_n …_o re_fw-mi …_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n shall_v be_v show_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o island_n christianity_n begin_v to_o be_v first_o plant_v in_o these_o northern_a country_n by_o king_n eric_n who_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludovicus_n but_o it_o take_v no_o deep_a root_n at_o first_o for_o eric_n be_v settle_v in_o his_o throne_n relapse_v into_o his_o former_a paganism_n and_o turn_v a_o bitter_a persecutor_n of_o st._n anschar_n who_o be_v send_v to_o promote_v the_o christian_a religion_n in_o denmark_n norway_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o say_a emperor_n and_o pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o a._n d._n 835_o and_o his_o follower_n after_o this_o though_o some_o of_o they_o be_v initiate_v in_o christianity_n yet_o the_o christian_n have_v no_o considerable_a foot_n in_o this_o kingdom_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n sueno_n tweskeg_n who_o at_o his_o baptism_n have_v the_o emperor_n otho_n two_o to_o his_o godfather_n and_o from_o he_o be_v afterward_o call_v suenotho_n he_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o poppo_n who_o as_o we_o have_v say_v confirm_v his_o doctrine_n by_o a_o miracle_n which_o introduce_v the_o use_n of_o fire_n ordale_n establish_v the_o christian_a reliligion_n upon_o a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o appoint_v several_a bishop_n in_o the_o kingdom_n frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n be_v elect_a king_n of_o denmark_n bring_v with_o he_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v profess_v in_o that_o kingdom_n christian_n the_o three_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o english_a scot_n and_o hollander_n to_o build_v church_n and_o have_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n though_o no_o calvinist_n be_v to_o be_v find_v except_o some_o few_o at_o the_o present_a queen_n chapel_n those_o few_o papist_n that_o live_v in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v forbid_v the_o public_a exercise_n of_o divine_a service_n plutarch_n report_v of_o the_o ancient_a cimbrian_o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o they_o have_v shield_n and_o helmet_n paint_v with_o the_o shape_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n other_o say_v they_o use_v to_o set_v a_o brazen_a bull_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o standard_n as_o a_o token_n of_o strength_n and_o valour_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n arm_n be_v a_o complication_n of_o fourteen_o several_a coat_n thus_o order_v in_o a_o field_n gules_a he_o bear_v a_o cross_n argent_fw-fr the_o arm_n of_o the_o house_n of_o oldenburg_n which_o quarter_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o coat_n into_o four_o canton_n the_o first_o of_o these_o give_v the_o arm_n of_o denmark_n or_o six_o half_a heart_n gules_a three_o lion_n passant_a guardant_n azure_a with_o crown_n of_o the_o first_o this_o coat_n be_v part_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o norway_n gules_a a_o lion_n crown_v or_o hold_v in_o his_o paw_n a_o hatchet_n argent_fw-fr with_o a_o haft_n of_o the_o second_o the_o second_o canton_n carry_v gules_a a_o leopard_n in_o chef_fw-fr or_n the_o field_n sow_o with_o nine_o heart_n of_o the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o gothland_n these_o be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o dragon_n crown_v or_o the_o ancient_a coat_n of_o the_o vandal_n or_o slavonian_n according_a to_o the_o distich_n hinc_fw-la rigidos_fw-la slavus_n effert_fw-la pernicibus_fw-la alis_fw-la et_fw-la loca_fw-la propugnat_fw-la sanguinolenta_fw-la draco_n the_o three_o canton_n give_v azure_a three_o crown_n or_o to_o denote_v the_o union_n of_o the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n this_o coat_n be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o paschal_n lamb_n argent_fw-fr hold_v a_o cross_n or_o at_o which_o hang_v a_o streamer_n of_o the_o second_o charge_v with_o a_o small_a cross_n of_o the_o first_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o coat_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v this_o in_o the_o year_n 1218_o when_o king_n waldemar_n the_o second_o engage_v the_o lieflander_n in_o sharp_a and_o bloody_a war_n the_o danish_a army_n have_v lose_v their_o standard_n begin_v to_o be_v so_o discourage_v that_o they_o give_v ground_n and_o have_v almost_o yield_v the_o victory_n to_o their_o pagan_a enemy_n when_o on_o a_o sudden_a a_o new_a standard_n fall_v from_o heaven_n display_v a_o white_a cross_n in_o a_o bloody_a flag_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o this_o the_o dane_n immediate_o rally_v their_o scatter_a force_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o success_n as_o make_v they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o remembrance_n of_o this_o so_o miraculous_a a_o deliverance_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n keep_v the_o sacred_a flag_n with_o as_o much_o veneration_n as_o ever_o the_o roman_n do_v their_o palladium_n think_v their_o future_a success_n will_v very_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o safety_n of_o so_o holy_a a_o relic_n this_o be_v the_o account_n the_o danish_a historian_n give_v we_o of_o this_o part_n of_o their_o king_n arms._n but_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o pope_n give_v king_n waldemar_n this_o banner_n when_o he_o go_v against_o liefland_n to_o mind_v he_o that_o the_o business_n he_o now_o undertake_v be_v the_o conversion_n of_o those_o poor_a ignorant_a heathen_n he_o shall_v there_o meet_v with_o thus_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n the_o great_a make_v a_o cross_n be_v carry_v before_o his_o army_n with_o this_o motto_n in_o hoc_fw-la signo_fw-la vinces_fw-la and_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n bear_v a_o white_a cross_n when_o they_o be_v send_v to_o convert_v the_o prussian_n but_o to_o return_v the_o four_o canton_n bear_v or_o two_o lion_n passant_a azure_a which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o sleswic_n these_o be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o headless_a fish_n stick_v on_o a_o stake_n and_o crown_v argent_fw-fr which_o be_v the_o coat_n of_o island_n in_o
fish_n butter_n tallow_n hides_n etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n of_o norway_n to_o be_v ship_v off_o into_o other_o country_n the_o townsman_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o observe_v the_o daily_a increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n which_o it_o draw_v from_o all_o part_n and_o fear_v they_o themselves_o may_v at_o last_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o unlimited_a and_o general_a admission_n of_o foreign_a tradesman_n and_o merchant_n into_o their_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o whoever_o will_v after_o such_o a_o time_n be_v admit_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v either_o be_v whip_v at_o a_o game_n institute_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o call_v by_o they_o gantenspill_n or_o roll_v in_o mud_n and_o dirt_n or_o last_o hang_v in_o a_o basket_n over_o some_o intolerable_a and_o filthy_a smoke_n this_o hard_a usage_n quick_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o foreigner_n who_o fancy_v it_o scarce_o worth_n their_o while_n to_o purchase_v their_o freedom_n at_o so_o dear_a and_o scandalous_a a_o rate_n but_o of_o late_a the_o industry_n and_o skill_n as_o well_o as_o number_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n increase_n these_o barbarous_a custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o citizen_n themselves_o be_v now_o able_a to_o export_v what_o be_v former_o fetch_v away_o from_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o truntheim_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o berghen_n be_v subject_a the_o prefecture_n of_o sudhornleen_n nordhornleen_n soghne_n sudfiord_n norfiord_n and_o sundmerleen_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o nidrosia_n or_o truntheim_n the_o four_o castle_n and_o government_n in_o norway_n be_v that_o of_o the_o city_n nidrosia_n as_o it_o be_v ancient_o call_v from_o the_o river_n nider_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o truntheim_n former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n of_o norway_n pontanus_n somewhere_o call_v this_o city_n the_o cabinet_n of_o all_o the_o norwegian_a monument_n but_o wormius_n find_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o confer_v so_o honourable_a a_o title_n upon_o it_o when_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n into_o the_o antiquity_n old_a monument_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o primitive_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o meet_v with_o no_o more_o than_o three_o runic_a inscription_n in_o this_o whole_a diocese_n the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o haven_n make_v this_o place_n resort_v to_o by_o some_o mariner_n and_o merchant_n to_o this_o day_n but_o the_o ruin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o village_n than_o city_n not_o have_v have_v any_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v its_o former_a splendour_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1522._o its_o house_n be_v a_o company_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o rot_a building_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v decay_v below_o the_o meanness_n of_o a_o english_a cottage_n however_o something_o of_o its_o ancient_a grandeur_n still_o appear_v in_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n olaus_n which_o though_o almost_o consume_v by_o fire_n yet_o by_o the_o ruin_n show_v itself_o to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o large_a structure_n in_o the_o world_n in_o this_o church_n the_o huntsman_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v a_o yearly_a offering_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o large_a and_o stout_a white_a bear_n which_o they_o kill_v for_o the_o priest_n to_o tread_v upon_o at_o divine_a service_n groneland_n and_o iseland_n be_v former_o part_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o truntheim_n but_o now_o this_o bishopric_n be_v not_o of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n in_o the_o castle_n reside_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o whole_a prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n who_o have_v under_o he_o several_a other_o governor_n of_o lesser_a province_n in_o the_o country_n a_o little_a beyond_o this_o city_n there_o grow_v no_o wood_n at_o all_o but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n as_o well_o to_o build_v their_o house_n and_o for_o several_a implement_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o fuel_n and_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o same_o fish_n they_o feed_v their_o lamp_n in_o winter_n the_o prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1658_o be_v by_o the_o dane_n surrender_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o a_o public_a treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o year_n they_o wrest_v it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n but_o resign_v it_o back_o at_o the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n halgoland_n the_o country_n of_o ohther_n king_n aelfred_n geographer_n be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o prefecture_n of_o which_o that_o author_n give_v this_o account_n to_o the_o king_n his_o master_n ê§_n nan_o man_n ne_o bude_n be_v nor_o ðh_n a_fw-fr he_o i_o e._n that_o no_o inhabit_a country_n lie_v further_a north_n than_o this_o but_o the_o great_a fish_n trade_n upon_o these_o coast_n have_v make_v the_o english_a better_a acquaint_v with_o these_o part_n than_o this_o gentleman_n be_v with_o his_o own_o country_n the_o prefecture_n of_o wardhus_n the_o castle_n of_o wardhus_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o five_o and_o last_o great_a governor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n warda_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v this_o isle_n lie_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n from_o the_o main_a land_n of_o finmark_n be_v near_o twelve_o english_a mile_n in_o compass_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o and_o the_o two_o adjoin_a isle_n which_o in_o finmark_n go_v all_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o trunsolem_n live_v only_o upon_o stockfish_n which_o they_o dry_v in_o the_o frost_n they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o bread_n nor_o drink_n but_o what_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o other_o place_n some_o small_a stock_n of_o cattle_n they_o have_v but_o only_o such_o as_o can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o live_v of_o their_o master_n diet_n dry_a fish_n finmark_n or_o norwegian_n lapland_n on_o the_o north_n of_o norway_n lie_v finmark_n or_o as_o the_o native_n use_v to_o call_v it_o taakemark_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o ancient_a habitation_n of_o the_o finni_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n for_o the_o character_n which_o that_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o those_o people_n be_v very_o applicable_a to_o the_o modern_a finmarker_n the_o finni_n say_v he_o be_v a_o people_n extraordinary_a savage_a and_o miserable_o poor_a they_o have_v neither_o horse_n arm_n house_n nor_o home_n but_o feed_v upon_o root_n and_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n can_v procure_v and_o be_v clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o wild_a beast_n to_o this_o day_n finmark_n be_v not_o divide_v as_o all_o other_o country_n general_o be_v into_o distinct_a lordship_n and_o inheritance_n but_o as_o in_o mr._n hobbes_n state_n of_o nature_n every_o private_a man_n pretend_v a_o right_a and_o title_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o arm_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o controversy_n when_o fish_v season_n come_v in_o they_o throng_v to_o the_o seacoast_n and_o when_o that_o be_v over_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o upland_n only_o the_o islander_n in_o heymeland_n keep_v their_o station_n and_o have_v their_o church_n in_o trom_n suro_n maggero_n and_o other_o place_n the_o language_n manner_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o swedish_n lapland_n of_o which_o a_o account_n have_v be_v already_o give_v of_o the_o ancient_a commerce_n between_o the_o old_a britain_n english_a and_o norwegian_n though_o the_o relation_n which_o our_o english_a writer_n give_v we_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o brave_a exploit_n of_o the_o valiant_a british_a king_n arthur_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o romance_n yet_o in_o the_o main_a our_o best_a historian_n agree_v unanimous_o in_o this_o that_o no_o prince_n ever_o conquer_v more_o of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n than_o this_o king_n w._n lambert_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o island_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o north_n and_o east_n sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n be_v tributary_n to_o he_o and_o geoffry_n of_o monmouth_n say_v king_n arthur_z at_o one_o time_n summon_v no_o less_o than_o six_o king_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o his_o court_n in_o britain_n viz._n 1._o guillaumur_n king_n of_o ireland_n 2._o malvase_n king_n of_o iseland_n 3._o doldaff_n king_n of_o gothland_n 4._o gunnase_n king_n of_o orkney_n 5._o lot_z king_n of_o norway_n and_o 6._o aschile_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o these_o conquest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o norwegian_n incorporate_v into_o one_o nation_n with_o the_o britain_n but_o this_o amity_n be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o norway_n be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n
lust_n and_o ambition_n 1002._o upon_o otto_n death_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v choose_v emperor_n by_o the_o elector_n his_o piety_n get_v he_o the_o title_n of_o holy_a and_o a_o mischance_n in_o his_o childhood_n surname_v he_o the_o lame_a willegise_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n a_o wagoner_n son_n whence_o that_o city_n get_v a_o wheel_n for_o its_o arm_n crown_v he_o he_o fight_v many_o great_a battle_n and_o from_o most_o of_o they_o come_v off_o conqueror_n the_o saracen_n be_v by_o he_o drive_v out_o of_o apulia_n and_o calabria_n and_o the_o wendish_n army_n which_o have_v overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n he_o utter_o vanquish_v he_o be_v by_o some_o historian_n style_v the_o apostle_n of_o hungary_n because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o thorough_o convert_v that_o nation_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o and_o three_o year_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v his_o empress_n cunigunda_fw-la to_o her_o friend_n for_o a_o pure_a virgin_n in_o which_o state_n by_o mutual_a consent_n they_o both_o have_v continue_v from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o their_o marriage_n though_o we_o read_v that_o once_o he_o so_o far_o question_v his_o wife_n chastity_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o her_o vow_n as_o to_o make_v she_o purge_v herself_o by_o a_o fiery_a ordeal_o which_o she_o perform_v by_o go_v barefoot_a over_o a_o red-hot_a iron_n grate_n without_o the_o least_o shrink_v or_o sense_n of_o pain_n 1024._o conrade_n a_o prince_n descend_v from_o charles_n the_o great_a succeed_v henry_n and_o be_v crown_v emperor_n at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n among_o historian_n we_o find_v this_o high_a character_n of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v acer_fw-la consilio_fw-la manuque_fw-la strenuus_fw-la charus_fw-la principibus_fw-la populo_fw-la acceptior_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la salutaris_fw-la i._n e._n quick_a at_o council-board_n and_o valiant_a in_o the_o field_n one_o on_o who_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n dote_v the_o people_n darling_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o empire_n one_o of_o the_o good_a law_n which_o he_o establish_v be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v death_n for_o any_o prince_n to_o offer_v to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o make_v a_o offensive_a war_n upon_o any_o particular_a province_n in_o it_o he_o die_v sudden_o in_o his_o return_n from_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v fifteen_o year_n 1039._o henry_n surname_v the_o black_a conrad_n son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o reign_v seventeen_o year_n and_o seven_o month_n the_o first_o war_n he_o engage_v himself_o in_o be_v against_o the_o bohemian_o upon_o their_o refusal_n to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o he_o turn_v his_o force_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o restore_v their_o king_n peter_n who_o have_v be_v depose_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o tyranny_n in_o the_o year_n 1046_o he_o march_v into_o italy_n to_o compose_v difference_n among_o the_o three_o pope_n who_o be_v set_v up_o by_o contrary_a faction_n but_o he_o depose_v they_o all_o and_o make_v a_o four_o viz._n clement_n ii_o renew_v the_o old_a law_n wherein_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o pope_n shall_v be_v create_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n 1056._o henry_n iv_o succeed_v his_o father_n at_o six_o year_n of_o age_n he_o be_v say_v during_o his_o reign_n which_o last_v fifty_o year_n to_o have_v fight_v sixty-two_a great_a battle_n which_o be_v more_o than_o either_o marcus_n marcellus_n julius_n caesar_n or_o any_o other_o roman_a general_n can_v ever_o brag_v of_o pope_n hildebrand_n who_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o gregory_n vii_o cast_v off_o this_o emperor_n yoke_n and_o after_o some_o skirmish_n get_v rudolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n proclaim_v emperor_n in_o his_o stead_n to_o who_o the_o pope_n present_v a_o imperial_a crown_n with_o this_o inscription_n petra_n dedit_fw-la petro_n petrus_n diadema_fw-la rudolpho_n but_o this_o emperor_n of_o the_o pope_n make_v be_v soon_o vanquish_v and_o slay_v however_o within_o a_o while_n the_o empire_n be_v take_v from_o he_o in_o good_a earnest_n and_o that_o by_o his_o own_o subject_n who_o depose_v he_o and_o elect_v his_o son_n into_o his_o room_n this_o emperor_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o those_o extremity_n before_o his_o death_n as_o to_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v a_o prebendary_a of_o the_o bishop_n of_o spire_n some_o say_v worm_n in_o the_o church_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v which_o be_v nevertheless_o deny_v he_o 1106._o henry_n v._o be_v admit_v into_o his_o father_n throne_n by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n and_o crown_v emperor_n at_o goslar_n at_o his_o coronation_n part_n of_o his_o sword_n be_v melt_v with_o lightning_n but_o the_o scabbard_n be_v untouched_a and_o himself_o escape_v without_o harm_n he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n supremacy_n and_o to_o quit_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o power_n of_o investiture_n which_o his_o ancestor_n challenge_v as_o their_o right_n he_o reign_v nineteen_o year_n dye_v without_o issue_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n 1125._o lotharius_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v elect_v to_o succeed_v henry_n v._o and_o receive_v his_o crown_n from_o the_o pope_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1133._o the_o great_a thing_n this_o emperor_n do_v be_v the_o revive_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n after_o it_o have_v be_v banish_v thence_o for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hundred_o year_n 1138._o conrade_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n and_o lotharius_n sister_n son_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n carry_v the_o empire_n against_o henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o for_o some_o time_n oppose_v he_o in_o his_o day_n a_o body_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v first_o set_v forth_o by_o gratian_n a_o benedictine_n monk_n and_o public_o teach_v in_o the_o university_n of_o germany_n he_o reign_v fourteen_o year_n 1152._o frideric_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n surname_v barbarossa_n from_o his_o red_a beard_n be_v elect_v emperor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o conrade_n and_o be_v crown_v at_o rome_n by_o pope_n adrian_n iu._n he_o be_v a_o wise_a valiant_a and_o pious_a prince_n and_o common_o fortunate_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n pope_n alexander_n the_o three_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o obstinacy_n but_o afterward_o be_v reconcile_v when_o the_o emperor_n throw_v himself_o at_o the_o pope_n foot_n and_o suffer_v he_o to_o tread_v on_o his_o neck_n in_o the_o year_n 1187_o accompany_v with_o our_o king_n richard_n i._n and_o philip_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o saracen_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n here_o he_o be_v drown_v in_o a_o river_n wherein_o he_o intend_v only_o to_o have_v bathe_v himself_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o tyre_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v thirty-eight_a year_n 1190._o henry_n frideric_n barbarossa_n son_n though_o short_a of_o his_o father_n in_o desert_n was-elected_n into_o his_o place_n he_o take_v tancred_n prisoner_n in_o sicily_n who_o think_v to_o have_v supplant_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o have_v put_v out_o his_o eye_n send_v he_o bind_v into_o germany_n pope_n celestine_n who_o crown_v he_o emperor_n persuade_v he_o to_o engage_v himself_o in_o the_o holy-war_n but_o he_o never_o reach_v palestine_n die_v upon_o his_o journey_n thither_o when_o he_o have_v reign_v almost_o eight_o year_n 1198._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n his_o brother_n philip_n be_v at_o first_o elect_v but_o because_o he_o refuse_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o pope_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v do_v he_o be_v short_o after_o excommunicate_v and_o otto_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n by_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o pope_n authority_n declare_v emperor_n whereupon_o the_o two_o emperor_n engage_v the_o whole_a empire_n in_o a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n each_o assert_v a_o legal_a title_n and_o refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o pretension_n to_o the_o crown_n at_o last_o philip_n be_v treacherous_o slay_v in_o his_o bed_n after_o he_o have_v rule_v the_o empire_n at_o least_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o ten_o year_n 1208._o otto_n son_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n get_v possession_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o soon_o as_o philip_n be_v take_v of_o he_o have_v not_o reign_v four_o year_n ere_o he_o meet_v with_o his_o predecessor_n fate_n have_v the_o imperial_a crown_n take_v from_o his_o head_n by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o elector_n and_o give_v to_o frideric_n king_n of_o sicily_n otto_n get_v some_o succour_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o poland_n but_o be_v never_o able_a to_o make_v any_o considerable_a resistance_n one_o battle_n decide_v the_o controversy_n establish_v frideric_n in_o the_o imperial_a throne_n
teutonici_fw-la or_o the_o dutch_a knight_n though_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o order_n have_v this_o name_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o part_n consist_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n chief_o of_o german_n be_v call_v into_o prussia_n say_v some_o by_o the_o muscovite_n or_o as_o other_o send_v thither_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o they_o seat_v themselves_o at_o marienberg_n about_o the_o year_n 1340_o after_o a_o long_a engagement_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o the_o native_n under_o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n of_o their_o order_n sigefrid_n de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o casimir_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o last_o the_o order_n be_v surrender_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o thirtyfifth_a and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o thereupon_o create_v he_o duke_n of_o prussia_n such_o of_o the_o knight_n as_o disrelished_a this_o action_n of_o their_o master_n albert_n retire_v into_o germany_n where_o they_o choose_v one_o walter_n croneberg_n master_n of_o their_o order_n afterward_o the_o title_n be_v confer_v upon_o maximilian_n one_o of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o but_o the_o order_n never_o flourish_v but_o decay_v daily_o since_o the_o day_n of_o albert_n beforementioned_a and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o obscure_a honour_n of_o little_a or_o no_o repute_n in_o the_o world_n the_o only_a order_n of_o knighthood_n at_o this_o day_n know_v in_o germany_n or_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o knight_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v the_o geschlagenen_fw-la rittern_n or_o dub_v knight_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n confer_v that_o honour_n by_o touch_v they_o light_o upon_o the_o shoulder_n with_o a_o naked_a sword_n and_o say_v to_o each_o of_o they_o esto_fw-la miles_n dei_fw-la &_o sancti_fw-la stephani_fw-la the_o title_n of_o armiger_n esquire_n esquire_n or_o esquire_n as_o we_o and_o the_o french_a use_n the_o word_n be_v whole_o out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o empire_n yet_o in_o ancient_a dutch_a record_n we_o read_v of_o skiltknaben_n and_o wapeneren_n both_o which_o word_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o be_v proper_o render_v armigeri_fw-la and_o these_o have_v their_o title_n and_o dignity_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o delivery_n of_o a_o sword_n only_o without_o gird_v it_o on_o with_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n or_o ear_n which_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o bear_v a_o sword_n or_o other_o arm_n in_o attendance_n on_o a_o knight_n or_o ritter_n geschlagen_fw-ge but_o not_o of_o wear_v it_o gird_v on_o as_o the_o knight_n himself_o do_v for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a former_o for_o any_o subject_n whatever_o in_o the_o empire_n to_o bear_v arm_n except_v such_o as_o have_v the_o emperor_n more_o especial_a licence_n so_o to_o do_v the_o gentry_n in_o the_o empire_n be_v express_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o edel-lute_n gentleman_n gentleman_n which_o as_o our_o gentleman_n be_v a_o universal_a name_n for_o all_o such_o as_o either_o from_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o favour_n of_o their_o sovereign_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n be_v raise_v to_o a_o eminency_n above_o the_o multitude_n hence_o edel-dom_a and_o edel-heit_a be_v use_v to_o signify_v nobility_n and_o veredelen_n and_o edel-machen_a to_o ennoble_v some_o singular_o eminent_a gentleman_n in_o francken_n schwaben_n and_o rhein-land_n who_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o other_o court_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v the_o title_n of_o die_v freye_a vom_n adel_n or_o die_v freye_a adeliche_n reichs_n ritterschaft_n i._n e._n the_o free_a gentleman_n or_o ordo_fw-la equestris_n of_o the_o empire_n our_o english_a saxon_n use_v the_o word_n aedel_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n whence_o in_o aelfric_n glossary_a generositas_fw-la be_v interpret_v aedelborynnesse_n noble_a birth_n and_o generosa_fw-la be_v render_v by_o þ_n aeðele_n or_o a_o noble_a woman_n indeed_o aetheling_n etheling_n or_o adeling_o be_v common_o use_v by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n to_o denote_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n who_o afterward_o get_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n hence_o edgar_n etheling_n so_o often_o name_v in_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v his_o surname_n which_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o king_n harold_n a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n explain_v thus_o the_o good_a tryeweman_n of_o the_o lond_n will_v aabbe_v ymade_a king_n the_o kind_a eir_n the_o young_a child_n edgar_n atheling_n wo_n so_o be_v next_o king_n by_o kunde_n i_o clupe_v he_o atheling_n thervore_fw-la i_o clupe_v he_o so_o warrant_v by_o kunde_n he_o be_v king_n but_o if_o we_o search_v into_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o aeðeling_n be_v only_o a_o patronymic_a from_o the_o primitive_a aeðel_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o nobilis_fw-la ortu_fw-la or_o generosus_fw-la i._n e._n one_o descend_v from_o he_o that_o be_v aeðel_v or_o a_o nobleman_n thus_o in_o king_n aelfred_n saxon_a version_n of_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n we_o read_v mid_a eallum_n aeðelingum_n his_o ðeode_n that_o be_v with_o all_o the_o etheling_n of_o his_o nation_n instead_o of_o the_o latin_a cum_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la suae_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o german_a church_n with_o a_o view_n of_o the_o power_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a order_n therein_o contain_v how_o much_o several_a of_o the_o province_n and_o principality_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o point_n of_o religion_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o reformation_n by_o martin_n luther_n we_o have_v show_v before_o and_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o where_o the_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o church_n discipline_n the_o intolerable_a greatness_n which_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v usurp_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o render_v it_o uneasy_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o unexpected_a change_n when_o luther_n opinion_n have_v prevail_v with_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o see_v bishopric_n convert_v into_o secular_a principality_n and_o a_o new_a form_n of_o church-government_n set_v up_o instead_o of_o episcopal_a dignity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o much_o abuse_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n church_n prelate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v rule_n in_o such_o part_n of_o germany_n as_o have_v not_o embrace_v either_o luther_n or_o calvin_n doctrine_n have_v more_o power_n and_o exercise_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o their_o several_a bishopric_n than_o any_o other_o prelate_n in_o christendom_n most_o of_o they_o be_v great_a prince_n and_o challenge_v as_o absolute_a a_o dominion_n over_o the_o temporality_n of_o their_o diocese_n as_o any_o secular_a elector_n can_v pretend_v to_o over_o his_o own_o land_n and_o inheritance_n heretofore_o beside_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n there_o be_v five_o archbishop_n and_o thirty_o bishop_n that_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o assembly_n and_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o their_o number_n have_v exceed_o decrease_v of_o late_a since_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n bremen_n and_o riga_n together_o with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n minden_n and_o werden_n have_v be_v change_v into_o secular_a principality_n those_o also_o of_o besanson_n verdun_n mets_n and_o toul_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o empire_n and_o inseparable_o unite_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n and_o last_o those_o of_o valesia_n losanna_n and_o chur_n abolish_v by_o the_o swiss_n insomuch_o that_o at_o present_a in_o the_o college_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n only_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n beside_o the_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n and_o about_o twenty_o bishop_n have_v vote_n by_o this_o secularize_v three_o archbishopric_n and_o six_o bishopric_n the_o protestant_a prince_n some_o of_o they_o at_o least_o have_v lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o young_a brethren_n in_o as_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n as_o they_o can_v have_v do_v before_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n for_o whilst_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n that_o of_o bremen_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spiritual_a dignity_n which_o be_v now_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o church_n be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n considerable_a maintenance_n be_v provide_v for_o many_o young_a duke_n and_o count_n who_o at_o this_o time_n can_v
of_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o because_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o estate_n as_o well_o as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o therefore_o in_o the_o capitulation_n swear_v to_o by_o the_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n it_o be_v express_o say_v underwit_n sunderlich_fw-ge keinen_n reichstag_n ausserhalb_fw-mi des_fw-fr reichs_n teutscher_fw-fr nation_n auch_fw-ge ehe_fw-ge und_fw-ge bevor_n wir_fw-ge darzu_fw-ge umb_fw-ge der_fw-ge sieben_fw-ge churfursten_a consens_fw-la und_fw-ge verwilligung_v durch_fw-mi sonderbahre_fw-ge schickung_v angehalten_fw-mi und_fw-ge uns_fw-mi mit_fw-ge denselben_fw-ge so_fw-ge wohl_fw-ge der_fw-ge zeit_fw-ge all_o be_v mahlstat_n vergleichen_n oder_fw-ge sie_n von_fw-mi selbsten_v des_fw-fr reichs_n anliegen_o halber_v uns_fw-mi darumb_fw-ge unterthanig_n angelanget_n und_fw-ge erinnert_n vornehmen_fw-ge oder_fw-ge ausschreiben_fw-ge i._n e._n and_o especial_o no_o diet_n without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n nor_o before_o by_o a_o express_a ambassador_n we_o have_v obtain_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o seven_o elector_n and_o consult_v with_o they_o about_o the_o time_n as_o well_o as_o place_v of_o the_o diet_n be_v sit_v or_o they_o themselves_o take_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o empire_n into_o consideration_n shall_v humble_o desire_v we_o to_o call_v such_o a_o assembly_n at_o present_v the_o diet_n be_v usual_o hold_v at_o ratisbon_n as_o a_o place_n of_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o court_n of_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o other_o estate_n of_o the_o emprie_n as_o soon_o as_o any_o of_o the_o estate_n emâ—â—â—_n â—â—ing_n emâ—â—â—_n or_o their_o ambassador_n be_v come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o beg_v audience_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o who_o they_o show_v their_o summons_n thank_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n for_o his_o gracious_a call_v a_o diet_n and_o promise_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n in_o promote_a the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o follow_a assembly_n the_o ambassador_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v the_o emperor_n a_o account_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o master_n absence_n according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o the_o diet_n to_o that_o purpose_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o reichs_n ascheide_v zu_fw-ge trier_n und_fw-ge colln_v a._n d._n 1621._o §_o es_fw-ge sullen_a auch_fw-ge die_fw-ge churfursten_a etc._n etc._n this_o do_v they_o be_v to_o acquaint_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n papenheim_n with_o their_o arrival_n that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o execute_v his_o office_n which_o be_v to_o provide_v each_o man_n a_o lodging_n suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o to_o write_v down_o the_o name_n of_o every_o particular_a member_n last_o they_o be_v to_o give_v in_o their_o name_n to_o the_o chancellor_n or_o archbishop_z of_o mentz'_v office_n and_o there_o to_o show_v their_o credential_n the_o proposal_n of_o every_o thing_n to_o be_v discuss_v in_o the_o assembly_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n alone_o â—â—osals_n â—â—osals_n and_o not_o to_o the_o estate_n or_o member_n of_o the_o diet._n and_o although_o in_o his_o summons_n a_o particular_a day_n be_v always_o nominate_v for_o their_o session_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n to_o defer_v the_o proposal_n of_o any_o business_n for_o some_o time_n long_o insomuch_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o estate_n to_o save_v charge_n have_v make_v a_o late_a appearance_n than_o be_v appoint_v in_o their_o summons_n when_o the_o late_a emperor_n ferdinand_n iii_o have_v call_v a_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o three_o month_n be_v almost_o slip_v over_o after_o the_o day_n appoint_v before_o any_o thing_n be_v propose_v to_o the_o assemble_v member_n when_o at_o last_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v to_o make_v the_o state_n acquaint_v with_o their_o business_n the_o vice-marshal_n give_v warning_n to_o every_o particular_a member_n to_o attend_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n at_o such_o a_o set_a time_n at_o which_o time_n appoint_v the_o elector_n and_o the_o rest_n give_v their_o attendance_n and_o wait_v on_o the_o emperor_n to_o church_n where_o public_a prayer_n be_v have_v for_o the_o happy_a success_n of_o all_o their_o consultation_n in_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o do_v they_o all_o return_n to_o the_o grand_a council_n chamber_n where_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o robe_n declare_v to_o the_o estate_n the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v assemble_v and_o propose_v to_o they_o the_o head_n they_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a diet._n the_o controversy_n about_o take_v place_n in_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v long_o since_o determine_v among_o the_o elector_n by_o the_o golden_a bull_n â—â—ecedenâ—â—_n â—â—ecedenâ—â—_n but_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o deputy_n for_o the_o imperial_a city_n have_v continual_a quarrel_n at_o every_o meeting_n insomuch_o that_o sometime_o the_o diet_n be_v ready_a to_o break_v up_o in_o confusion_n and_o will_v doubtless_o often_o do_v it_o if_o some_o mild_a spirit_n than_o the_o rest_n do_v not_o compose_v the_o strife_n by_o yield_v their_o place_n to_o their_o antagonist_n with_o a_o reserve_a protestation_n against_o make_v use_n of_o this_o single_a instance_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o future_a the_o order_n observe_v by_o the_o elector_n in_o the_o assembly_n be_v somewhat_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o number_n at_o this_o day_n they_o seat_v themselves_o thus_o first_o the_o elector_n of_o mentz_n challenge_v the_o chief_a place_n and_o sit_v always_o in_o the_o middle_n on_o his_o right_a hand_n be_v place_v the_o elector_n of_o treves_n and_o colen_n by_o turn_n and_o after_o one_o of_o they_o the_o bavarian_a and_o brandenburgher_n on_o the_o leave_v after_o one_o of_o the_o abovenamed_a spiritual_a elector_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o elector_n take_v the_o same_o place_n among_o themselves_o as_o if_o their_o master_n be_v personal_o present_a but_o if_o any_o one_o elector_n appear_v in_o his_o own_o person_n the_o ambassador_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n yield_v he_o the_o place_n though_o perhaps_o he_o shall_v have_v sit_v below_o all_o their_o master_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o bench_n empire_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n die_v geistliche_n und_fw-ge weltliche_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o the_o spiritual_a and_o secular_a in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o old_a francic_a kingdom_n the_o bishop_n or_o prelate_n and_o secular_a prince_n make_v two_o distinct_a and_o separate_a body_n as_o they_o do_v to_o this_o day_n in_o provincial_a court_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o because_o the_o prelate_n use_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o matter_n of_o state_n but_o concern_v themselves_o only_o in_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n with_o which_o the_o secular_a prince_n be_v never_o concern_v but_o afterward_o when_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v remove_v the_o debate_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n from_o the_o german_a assembly_n to_o their_o own_o court_n the_o prelate_n of_o the_o empire_n appear_v no_o more_o in_o the_o public_a diet_n as_o bishop_n but_o as_o temporal_a prince_n such_o as_o have_v no_o secular_a jurisdiction_n be_v shut_v out_o of_o the_o court._n on_o the_o spiritual_a bench_n sit_v the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o be_v permit_v this_o honour_n because_o prince_n though_o secular_a yet_o of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a eminence_n in_o the_o empire_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n that_o be_v not_o elector_n several_a abbot_n some_o of_o which_o have_v princely_a dignity_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o last_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o lutheran_n prelate_n be_v former_o whole_o exclude_v from_o all_o appearance_n at_o any_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o which_o hard_a usage_n their_o often_o repeat_v protestation_n prove_v unsuccessful_a at_o last_o matter_n be_v so_o order_v in_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n of_o peace_n that_o they_o obtain_v a_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n but_o not_o among_o the_o roman_a prelate_n nor_o the_o secular_a prince_n but_o on_o a_o bench_n by_o themselves_o betwixt_o both_o the_o other_o but_o because_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a treaty_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o lubeck_n and_o osnabrug_n into_o secular_a principality_n by_o turn_n therefore_o at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o reform_a prince_n except_v those_o that_o be_v elector_n sit_v on_o the_o secular_a bench_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o all_o prince_n count_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o
julius_n cesar_n who_o questionless_a if_o we_o believe_v the_o more_o credible_a roman_a historian_n never_o see_v this_o country_n however_o that_o the_o story_n in_o the_o main_n be_v true_a and_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n do_v indeed_o worship_v a_o image_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v agree_v on_o by_o all_o the_o dutch_a antiquary_n although_o they_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n to_o find_v out_o how_o their_o ancestor_n come_v come_v by_o the_o latin_a name_n of_o lunus_n or_o luna_fw-la there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n several_a river_n and_o town_n in_o this_o dukedom_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n which_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o lune_fw-fr the_o old_a annal_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vehrden_n say_v that_o this_o idol_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n far_o from_o luneburg_n call_v at_o this_o day_n kalk-berg_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o lime_n find_v there_o be_v first_o destroy_v by_o aegisthus_n one_o of_o the_o seventy_o disciple_n that_o first_o plant_v christianity_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n yet_o afterward_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o as_o well_o as_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n relapse_v into_o their_o ancient_a idolatry_n the_o image_n be_v again_o set_v up_o and_o worship_v until_o at_o last_o it_o be_v final_o remove_v by_o suibert_n not_o wibert_n as_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n write_v the_o word_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o vehrden_n who_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o this_o goddess_n temple_n stand_v build_v a_o splendid_a monastery_n about_o the_o year_n 780_o which_o be_v by_o he_o dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n cluverius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n about_o luneburg_n and_o vltzen_n which_o be_v a_o city_n about_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o luneburg_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v first_o inhabit_v by_o the_o cathulci_n who_o he_o guess_v to_o have_v be_v a_o province_n of_o the_o cherusci_n who_o territory_n reach_v much_o far_o up_o into_o the_o empire_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v everywhere_o full_a of_o large_a wood_n and_o forest_n many_o of_o which_o be_v note_v in_o the_o map_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o deer_n wild_a swine_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n sâ—il_n nature_n of_o the_o sâ—il_n the_o most_o note_a forest_n wherein_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n usual_o spend_v the_o hunt_a season_n of_o the_o year_n accompany_v with_o several_a of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n count_n and_o other_o noble_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v raarbroock_v die_v roffkammer_n grode_n bergerwald_n kralingerbroeck_n in_o ringelow_n in_o lewen_v and_o in_o dromeling_n another_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v take_v up_o with_o vast_a heath_n and_o waste_v the_o large_a of_o which_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o die_n lunenburgurgische_n heyde_n lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o city_n luneburg_n be_v a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o dukedom_n for_o several_a german_a mile_n together_o whole_o desert_a and_o uninhabited_a ducatus_n luneburgenis_n adiacentiumque_fw-la regionum_fw-la delineatio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a what_o kind_n of_o government_n the_o ancient_a saxon_n of_o which_o great_a nation_n the_o present_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v only_o two_o small_a branch_n be_v subject_a to_o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n and_o in_o the_o same_o state_n of_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n they_o have_v probable_o to_o this_o day_n continue_v if_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a have_v not_o new_o model_v their_o government_n and_o make_v they_o sensible_a of_o the_o convenience_n of_o be_v constant_o subject_a and_o obedient_a to_o some_o supreme_a ruler_n and_o magistrate_n but_o this_o he_o can_v never_o effect_v by_o conquest_n or_o the_o sword_n only_a religion_n by_o degree_n reduce_v they_o into_o a_o formal_a commonwealth_n and_o the_o precept_n of_o christianity_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o temporal_a as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a prince_n for_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n have_v win_v over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n get_v several_a bishopric_n erect_v in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o persuade_v the_o neighbourhood_n to_o pay_v tithe_n and_o other_o church_n duty_n to_o the_o prelate_n he_o have_v set_v over_o these_o new_a diocese_n and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a government_n know_v for_o some_o age_n after_o in_o the_o territory_n which_o now_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n for_o although_o we_o read_v that_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n make_v ludolf_n great_a grandchild_n to_o the_o famous_a wittikind_n that_o encounter_v charles_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n yet_o crantzius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o neither_o this_o ludolf_n nor_o his_o successor_n otho_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o the_o low_a saxony_n but_o be_v only_o make_v prince_n of_o thuringen_n meisen_n and_o some_o other_o province_n of_o the_o upper_a saxony_n indeed_o wittikind_a a_o author_n of_o great_a credit_n seem_v to_o assert_v the_o contrary_a tell_v we_o in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o history_n that_o otho_n the_o first_o german_a emperor_n of_o that_o name_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o herman_n a_o baron_n son_n so_o the_o learned_a meibomius_n prove_v he_o to_o have_v be_v though_o most_o of_o the_o dutch_a historian_n say_v he_o be_v descend_v from_o much_o mean_a parentage_n who_o he_o make_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o these_o part_n and_o to_o encourage_v he_o faithful_o to_o discharge_v his_o office_n settle_v several_a land_n and_o tenement_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o soon_o after_o the_o say_a emperor_n return_v out_o of_o italy_n where_o for_o some_o considerable_a time_n he_o have_v for_o weighty_a reason_n be_v force_v to_o keep_v his_o residence_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o herman_n acquit_v himself_n brave_o of_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o he_o that_o immediate_o he_o make_v he_o duke_n of_o north_n saxony_n contain_v all_o the_o territory_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o lawenburg_n together_o with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n dominion_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 966._o by_o this_o mean_v the_o great_a dukedom_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o a_o new_a dukedom_n the_o prince_n whereof_o however_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o saxony_n erect_v out_o of_o it_o which_o be_v govern_v by_o herman_n and_o his_o successor_n bruno_n bernhard_n artolf_n and_o magnus_n the_o last_o of_o these_o die_v without_o any_o heir_n male_a though_o not_o in_o the_o emperor_n prison_n as_o some_o historian_n have_v confident_o report_v but_o at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o whereupon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v._o to_o lotharius_n baron_n of_o querfurt_n after_o lotharius_n death_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n surname_v the_o proud_a get_v possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n which_o he_o challenge_v upon_o a_o double_a account_n as_o have_v marry_v lotharius_n daughter_n and_o be_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o wolfbilde_a daughter_n to_o duke_n magnus_n lotharius_n predecessor_n but_o albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n oppose_v he_o with_o so_o good_a success_n at_o first_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o city_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n out_o of_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o beat_v back_o albert_n at_o last_o and_o so_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n the_o pretension_n which_o albert_n have_v to_o this_o dukedom_n be_v ground_v upon_o his_o be_v son_n to_o duke_n magnus_n elder_a daughter_n elicke_n whereas_o henry_n be_v only_o descend_v from_o the_o young_a and_o therefore_o have_v the_o worse_a title_n if_o his_o father-in-law_n lotharius_n right_o have_v prove_v insignificant_a this_o henry_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o only_a son_n henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n a_o prince_n of_o so_o great_a and_o fortunate_a undertake_n in_o war_n that_o the_o german_a chronicle_n be_v full_a of_o his_o exploit_n some_o of_o the_o dutch_a historian_n tell_v we_o he_o extend_v his_o dominion_n from_o the_o rhine_n to_o the_o elb_n other_o say_v from_o the_o adriatic_a to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n a_o three_o sort_n go_v yet_o further_o and_o make_v he_o lord_n of_o holstein_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n certain_a it_o be_v he_o be_v a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o ruler_n over_o more_o province_n than_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n can_v lay_v claim_n to_o
immediate_o suspect_v by_o their_o number_n the_o whole_a matter_n confess_v her_o design_n and_o be_v pardon_v by_o her_o husband_n from_o the_o elder_a of_o these_o whelp_n or_o guelps_n for_o so_o the_o old_a count_n order_v they_o to_o be_v name_v in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o midwife_n answer_n be_v descend_v that_o henry_n guelph_n earl_n of_o altorf_n who_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o make_v afterward_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n how_o this_o family_n come_v afterward_o to_o increase_v their_o dominion_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n be_v already_o show_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o need_v not_o here_o be_v repeat_v the_o reform_a religion_n religion_n religion_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n and_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o this_o country_n by_o duke_n julius_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1589._o since_o which_o time_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n subject_n have_v be_v rigid_a assertor_n of_o lutheranism_n and_o as_o vehement_a opposer_n of_o popery_n and_o calvinism_n indeed_o of_o late_a year_n the_o great_a authority_n and_o respect_n which_o the_o calixti_fw-la and_o other_o latitudinarian_o have_v get_v at_o helmstadt_n have_v win_v over_o some_o multitude_n to_o their_o persuasion_n but_o the_o generality_n be_v of_o their_o prince_n religion_n and_o zealous_o pursue_v the_o footstep_n of_o their_o megalander_n as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o call_v he_o martin_n luther_n each_o particular_a dukedom_n have_v its_o distinct_a supremacy_n in_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o civil_a affair_n churchgovernment_n churchgovernment_n which_o be_v administer_v in_o this_o manner_n under_o each_o dukedom_n there_o be_v one_o superintendens_fw-la generalissimus_fw-la who_o have_v supreme_a inspection_n over_o all_o the_o church_n and_o resemble_v one_o of_o our_o archbishop_n to_o he_o be_v subject_a the_o several_a superintendente_n generales_n or_o bishop_n and_o to_o these_o the_o superintendentes_fw-la speciales_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n with_o our_o archdeacon_n in_o some_o province_n they_o have_v no_o other_o distinction_n of_o superintendent_o then_o into_o generales_n and_o speciales_fw-la to_o wit_n where_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v of_o so_o small_a extent_n as_o not_o to_o require_v more_o than_o one_o single_a bishop_n so_o that_o we_o see_v how_o willing_a the_o lutheran_n be_v to_o admit_v of_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o church_n although_o they_o have_v get_v a_o trick_n of_o bawl_v out_o against_o their_o name_n as_o popish_a and_o antichristian_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n brunswic_n i._o brunswic_n i._o in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o brunswic_n among_o many_o other_o monument_n there_o be_v a_o old_a parchment_n write_v in_o plat-dutch_a contain_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a person_n which_o lie_v bury_v in_o that_o church_n which_o begin_v thus_o alse_a man_n schreff_a na_fw-fr god_n gebordt_fw-ge 861_o hefft_fw-mi hertogg_fw-mi danckquarth_n though_o sassen_n erstlik_a dusse_n borch_n bemuhret_v unde_fw-la danckquarderode_n geheten_v unde_fw-la nomen_fw-la latin_a i._n e._n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 861_o danckquarth_n duke_n of_o saxony_n first_o wall_v in_o this_o castle_n and_o call_v it_o danckquarderode_n or_o tanquard's-cross_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o story_n we_o find_v in_o most_o german_a chronologer_n of_o note_n who_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o place_n for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o bruno_n and_o tanquard_n son_n of_o ludolph_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o town_n which_o from_o the_o former_a be_v call_v brunswic_n the_o latter_a only_o give_v name_n to_o the_o castle_n since_o that_o time_n this_o city_n have_v be_v continual_o augment_v by_o the_o succeed_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o brunswic_n and_o be_v now_o become_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n in_o the_o empire_n insomuch_o that_o the_o citizen_n divide_v themselves_o into_o five_o distinct_a corporation_n who_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a magistrate_n of_o their_o own_o and_o have_v so_o many_o different_a court_n of_o judicature_n these_o company_n never_o unite_v but_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n wherein_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o whole_a town_n seem_v concern_v whether_o brunswic_n be_v a_o free_a imperial_a city_n or_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n have_v be_v a_o question_n often_o controvert_v betwixt_o both_o party_n concern_v each_o of_o who_o have_v endeavour_v to_o assert_v their_o pretension_n by_o dint_n of_o sword_n and_o have_v come_v off_o with_o various_a success_n witness_v the_o sieges_n in_o the_o year_n 1492_o 1550_o 1553_o 1605_o 1606_o 1614_o 1616_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v last_n of_o all_o besiege_a by_o the_o present_a duke_n rudolphus_n augustus_n who_o take_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1671._o since_o which_o time_n he_o have_v take_v care_n to_o be_v very_o often_o resident_a in_o the_o town_n and_o always_o at_o his_o departure_n to_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o strong_a guard_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v in_o hides_n and_o mum._n trade_n trade_n the_o tanner_n have_v skin_n out_o of_o england_n denmark_n and_o other_o nation_n which_o they_o return_v dress_v their_o mom_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o whereof_o be_v of_o a_o thin_a and_o weak_a body_n the_o ordinary_a drink_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o neighbour_a rustic_n the_o other_o which_o they_o call_v ship-mum_a be_v a_o much_o clammier_n and_o grosser_n liquor_n brew_v on_o purpose_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a nation_n this_o kind_n of_o drink_n which_o be_v scarce_o potable_a before_o it_o have_v be_v putrify_v by_o work_v at_o sea_n be_v make_v of_o barley_n and_o hops_n with_o a_o small_a mixture_n of_o wheat_n there_o be_v a_o set_a number_n of_o brewer_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v it_o and_o their_o appoint_a time_n of_o brew_v be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n here_z by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_n that_o meibomius_n write_v a_o commentary_n de_fw-fr cerevisiis_fw-la potibusque_fw-la &_o ebriaminibus_fw-la extra_fw-la vinum_fw-la aliis_fw-la shall_v omit_v the_o two_o most_o famous_a liquor_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n mum_o and_o breuhane_v ii_o wolfenbuttel_n wolfenbuttel_n wolfenbuttel_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n famous_a for_o its_o strong_a and_o impregnable_a fortification_n it_o confist_n of_o two_o part_n 1._o arx_n guelpica_fw-la or_o the_o duke_n palace_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v wolfenbuttel_n which_o name_n it_o have_v from_o its_o first_o founder_n duke_n ekbert_n who_o be_v of_o the_o guelphian_a family_n the_o termination_n of_o the_o word_n in_o this_o as_o many_o other_o name_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o germany_n denote_v a_o moist_a and_o watery_a situation_n such_o as_o this_o town_n have_v and_o which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o its_o strength_n and_o security_n 2._o the_o city_n or_o henrich-stadt_a so_o call_v from_o duke_n henry_n the_o young_a its_o founder_n the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n be_v the_o new_a church_n which_o some_o italian_n and_o many_o other_o foreigner_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o citizen_n have_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o most_o admirable_a piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o a_o vault_n under_o the_o choir_n lie_v bury_v one_o and_o twenty_o duke_n and_o duchess_n of_o brunswic_n wrap_v up_o in_o coffin_n of_o lead_n with_o inscription_n in_o the_o duke_n palace_n the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n be_v braunswick_n &_o meydburg_n come_v caeteris_fw-la adiacentibus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio_n waesbergios_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a ducatus_fw-la brunsvicensis_fw-la accuratissime_fw-la discriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a his_o son_n and_o successor_n duke_n rudolphus_n augustus_n keep_v now_o his_o residence_n at_o wulfenbuttel_n a_o mild_a learned_a and_o religious_a prince_n follow_v the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n rather_o in_o his_o study_n then_o in_o act_n of_o chivalry_n he_o have_v no_o male_a issue_n but_o be_v like_a to_o be_v succeed_v by_o some_o of_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n antony_n vlric_n the_o elder_a whereof_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o late_a siege_n of_o maestricht_n iii_o helmstadt_n which_o city_n be_v reckon_v the_o old_a in_o saxony_n next_o bardewic_n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a about_o a._n d._n 782_o and_o so_o name_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o elm-tree_n that_o encompass_v it_o here_o st._n ludger_n who_o be_v send_v into_o these_o part_n by_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n saxon_n preach_v and_o the_o citizen_n pretend_v to_o show_v traveller_n the_o
whole_a army_n 16._o otto_n depose_v by_o honorius_n for_o simony_n 17._o rudolf_n founder_n of_o st._n mary_n church_n in_o halberstadt_n 18._o vlric_n who_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o war_n against_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n to_o the_o almost_o utter_a destruction_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o say_v duke_n army_n and_o burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o citizen_n also_o and_o clergyman_n take_v sanctuary_n in_o the_o cathedral_n perish_v in_o the_o same_o flame_n with_o their_o church_n 19_o theodoric_n who_o rebuilt_a the_o cathedral_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v so_o unfortunate_o destroy_v 20._o barthold_n 21._o conrade_n 22._o frideric_n burggrave_n of_o kirchberg_n 23._o ludolf_n count_n of_o schladem_n 24._o meinhard_n 25._o ludolf_n the_o second_o count_n of_o schladem_n 26._o wolrad_n count_n kranichfeld_n 27._o herman_n count_n of_o blanckenburg_n 28._o albert_n count_n of_o anhalt_n 29._o albert_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n a_o great_a warrior_n who_o fight_v above_o twenty_o pitch_a battle_n as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o brunswic_n inform_v we_o and_o come_v off_o most_o common_o a_o conqueror_n 30._o ludowic_n landgraf_n of_o thuringen_n and_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n 31._o albert_n a_o great_a philosopher_n but_o unfortunate_a soldier_n overcome_v in_o battle_n by_o gerhard_n bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n a_o eloquent_a prelate_n in_o remembrance_n of_o which_o overthrow_n the_o burgher_n of_o halberstadt_n have_v to_o this_o day_n a_o proverbial_a say_n among_o they_o klanck_a uberwand_a den_n ranck_n that_o be_v rhetoric_n prove_v too_o hard_o for_o logic._n 32._o ernest_n count_n of_o honstein_n 33._o rudolf_n count_n of_o anhalt_n 34._o henry_n baron_n of_o werberge_n 35._o albert_n count_n of_o werningenrode_n 36._o john_n von_fw-mi hoym._n 37._o burcard_n baron_n of_o werberg_n 38._o gerhard_n von_fw-mi hoym._n 39_o ernest_n duke_n of_o saxony_n 40._o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 41._o john_n albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 42._o frideric_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n 43._o sigismond_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n frideric_n 44._o henry_n julius_n son_n of_o julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n elect_v bishop_n when_o he_o be_v a_o child_n of_o two_o year_n old_a upon_o condition_n that_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a government_n in_o their_o hand_n for_o twelve_o year_n pay_v only_o during_o the_o say_a term_n a_o certain_a yearly_a stipend_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n to_o their_o infant-prelate_n in_o the_o year_n 1591._o this_o bishop_n abolish_v popish_a ceremony_n and_o establish_v the_o reform_a religion_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o halberstadt_n 45._o henry_n charles_n son_n of_o the_o forementioned_a henry_n julius_n he_o die_v at_o six_o year_n of_o age_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n 46._o rudolf_n who_o also_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o so_o the_o diocese_n come_v to_o his_o brother_n 47._o christian_n a_o great_a champion_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n but_o not_o very_o fortunate_a 48._o leopold_n william_n archduke_n of_o austria_n the_o last_o bishop_n of_o this_o place_n in_o his_o time_n the_o reform_a religion_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o popery_n once_o more_o establish_v in_o halberstadt_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o swedish_n army_n have_v take_v the_o town_n restore_v the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o keep_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n and_o diocese_n until_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n by_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v give_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o principality_n in_o which_o estate_n it_o continue_v unto_o this_o day_n the_o town_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v tolerable_o well_o build_v halberstadt_n halberstadt_n the_o street_n be_v straight_o and_o uniform_a and_o many_o of_o the_o building_n fair_a and_o stately_a the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o commiss_n a_o vast_a inn_n build_v by_o henry_n julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n this_o be_v think_v to_o contain_v more_o and_o better_a accommodation_n for_o stranger_n than_o any_o other_o house_n of_o its_o kind_n in_o europe_n albert_n count_n of_o wallenstein_n and_o duke_n of_o friedland_n general_n of_o the_o emperor_n force_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n keep_v his_o court_n for_o some_o month_n in_o this_o inn_n and_o find_v lodging_n in_o it_o for_o all_o his_o attendant_n and_o guard_n other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o this_o principality_n be_v gruningen_n gruningen_n 1._o gruningen_n where_o be_v ancient_o keep_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n in_o the_o year_n 1593._o the_o old_a castle_n be_v demolish_v and_o a_o new_a one_o build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o henry_n julius_n before_o mention_v the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o place_n at_o present_a be_v the_o great_a organ_n in_o the_o new_a chapel_n and_o winefat_a in_o the_o outer_a court_n the_o late_a of_o these_o be_v make_v as_o the_o inscription_n show_v by_o one_o michael_n werner_n of_o landau_n upon_o the_o rhine_n possible_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o much_o large_a one_o at_o heydelberg_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o description_n in_o its_o place_n this_o at_o gruningen_n will_v hold_v 161_o wagon_n load_v of_o wine_n reckon_v six_o hogshead_n to_o each_o load_n 2._o oschersleben_n oschersleben_n oschersleben_n a_o small_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n not_o far_o from_o which_o lie_v hornhausen_n now_o a_o despicable_a village_n but_o once_o the_o large_a town_n on_o the_o two_o 3._o osterwic_n a_o strong_a little_a town_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ilse_n it_o ancient_a name_n be_v salingstede_n in_o which_o place_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o its_o first_o bishop_n hildegrine_n remove_v to_o halberstadt_n upon_o this_o removal_n say_v werdenhagen_n the_o town_n get_v the_o new_a name_n of_o osterwic_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o be_o osten_v wieken_fw-mi oder_fw-ge weichen_fw-ge i.e._n to_o move_v towards_o the_o east_n to_o these_o i_o think_v we_o may_v add_v the_o city_n of_o quedlingburg_n a_o considerable_a and_o well_o situate_a town_n on_o the_o river_n bode_n but_o because_o it_o be_v subject_a at_o present_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n we_o shall_v reserve_v a_o more_o particular_a description_n of_o it_o till_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o some_o of_o that_o prince_n dominion_n thuringia_n lantgraviatus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a serenissimo_fw-la fortissimoque_fw-la principi_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la d_o bernardo_n duci_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la juliae_fw-la clivorum_fw-la montiumque_fw-la lantgravio_n thuringiae_fw-la march_n misniae_fw-la comiti_fw-la marcae_fw-la et_fw-la ravensbergae_n domino_fw-la ravestini_n etc_n hanc_fw-la accuratissimam_fw-la totius_fw-la thuringiae_fw-la tabulam_fw-la lubens_fw-la consecrat_fw-mi dedicatque_fw-la henricus_fw-la hondius_n the_o landgraviat_fw-la of_o thuringen_n duringen_n or_o thuringen_n in_o latin_a author_n duringia_n and_o thuringia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o old_a deuringi_n toringi_n turingi_n or_o thuringi_n who_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o vandalii_fw-la mention_v by_o tacitus_n and_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n cluverius_n in_o his_o incomparable_a description_n of_o old_a germany_n give_v we_o a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n religion_n etc._n etc._n of_o these_o people_n together_o with_o a_o learned_a account_n of_o their_o first_o pass_v over_o the_o elb_n out_o of_o the_o mark_n and_o fix_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n micraelius_n guess_v from_o the_o name_n of_o several_a town_n in_o thuringen_n such_o as_o gotha_n gotleben_n altengothen_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o thuringi_n be_v a_o gothic_a people_n and_o no_o branch_n of_o the_o vandal_n as_o cluverius_n will_v make_v they_o but_o his_o argument_n will_v only_o prove_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n have_v former_o intermix_v itself_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n and_o not_o that_o the_o goth_n be_v once_o sole_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n any_o more_o than_o the_o meeting_n with_o a_o few_o english_a name_n of_o town_n in_o pembrokeshire_n and_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o welsh_a man_n to_o be_v of_o a_o anglo-saxonic_a extraction_n this_o province_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n sala_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o hercynean_a wood_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o river_n werra_n on_o the_o south_n its_o utmost_a bound_n be_v those_o vast_a wood_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o franconia_n and_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thuringian_n forest_n the_o country_n abound_v almost_o everywhere_o with_o corn_n and_o in_o some_o place_n
regem_fw-la honorasse_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v something_o extraordinary_a in_o this_o myrrh_n or_o call_v it_o what_o else_o you_o please_v which_o well_o merit_v the_o view_n and_o study_v of_o a_o curious_a physiologist_n the_o country_n rustic_n believe_v there_o be_v this_o strange_a virtue_n in_o this_o mineral_n for_o so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v venture_v to_o name_v it_o that_o it_o put_v to_o flight_v all_o manner_n of_o serpent_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n that_o old_a serpent_n the_o devil_n aeneas_n silvius_n who_o for_o have_v pen_v so_o many_o true_a story_n be_v at_o last_o judge_v fit_a to_o sit_v in_o st._n peter_n chair_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o become_v a_o infallible_a pope_n call_v the_o moravian_o gentem_fw-la ferocem_fw-la &_o rapinarum_fw-la avidam_fw-la ut_fw-la quae_fw-la tum_fw-la iter_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la armato_fw-it potentiorique_n praebeat_fw-la and_o most_o traveler_n brand_v their_o barbarous_a inhumanity_n or_o at_o least_o incivility_n to_o stranger_n the_o hanak_n especial_o or_o boar_n that_o live_v along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n hana_n be_v say_v to_o be_v notorious_o guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n but_o these_o be_v by_o the_o gentile_a sort_n of_o moravian_o themselves_z contemn_v and_o scout_v as_o a_o pack_n of_o barbarous_a and_o ill_o breed_v lowt_n the_o true_a character_n of_o the_o moravian_o in_o general_n be_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o exemplary_a obedience_n and_o fidelity_n to_o their_o governor_n free_a and_o open_a in_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o apt_a to_o be_v deceive_v then_o to_o impose_v upon_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o provoke_v to_o be_v angry_a but_o when_o once_o enrage_v hardly_o appease_v not_o guilty_a of_o too_o much_o wit_n in_o discourse_n but_o rational_a enough_o hardy_a in_o the_o camp_n and_o valiant_a in_o fight_n faithful_a observer_n of_o their_o promise_n and_o compact_n and_o abhorrer_n of_o baseness_n and_o meanness_n of_o spirit_n they_o be_v indeed_o too_o apt_a to_o give_v credit_n to_o old_a prophecy_n a_o folly_n observe_v in_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o our_o own_o island_n and_o a_o little_a give_v to_o drink_v and_o carouse_v but_o be_v not_o so_o superstitious_a nor_o so_o great_a drunkard_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v to_o be_v by_o the_o satirical_a pen_n of_o some_o geographer_n their_o language_n i_o mean_v that_o which_o be_v ordinary_o speak_v by_o the_o country-rusticks_a langâ—â—â—â—_n langâ—â—â—â—_n for_o the_o nobility_n and_o citizen_n speak_v general_o high_a dutch_a be_v a_o dialect_n of_o slavonian_a and_o little_a different_a from_o the_o bohemian_a of_o which_o more_o anon_o the_o moravian_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o st._n cyril_n and_o meludius_n religâ—â—â—â—_n religâ—â—â—â—_n assist_v by_o some_o other_o pious_a doctor_n and_o father_n of_o the_o church_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n have_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n in_o bohemia_n by_o john_n huss_n a_o good_a part_n of_o moravia_n begin_v to_o throw_v off_o the_o pope_n yoke_n and_o to_o profess_v the_o pure_a and_o undefiled_a religion_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n and_o apostle_n but_o john_n de_fw-fr praga_n at_o that_o time_n bishop_n of_o olmitz_n and_o afterward_o cardinal_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o vigorous_o oppose_v the_o endeavour_n of_o all_o that_o labour_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o reformation_n in_o this_o marquisate_n that_o during_o his_o time_n it_o never_o get_v any_o deep_a root_n afterward_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o george_n vladislaus_n and_o ludowic_n king_n of_o bohemia_n popish_a idolatry_n and_o superstition_n be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o the_o reform_a religion_n unanimous_o profess_v in_o all_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o moravia_n but_o to_o see_v the_o unhappy_a consequent_n of_o toleration_n and_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o synod_n at_o s._n brinn_n which_o meet_v in_o the_o year_n 1608_o to_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o religion_n have_v make_v this_o edict_n ut_fw-la liceret_fw-la omnibus_fw-la credere_fw-la prout_fw-la cuique_fw-la deus_fw-la that_fw-mi cognoscere_fw-la i.e._n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o licence_n to_o regulate_v his_o faith_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o knowledge_n which_o god_n have_v give_v he_o each_o cobbler_n set_v up_o for_o a_o preacher_n of_o the_o word_n and_o a_o expounder_n of_o scripture_n whereupon_o the_o church_n be_v immediate_o confound_v and_o break_v into_o a_o irreconcilable_a medley_n and_o hotchpotch_n of_o sect_n and_o schismatic_n hussites_n picard_n anabaptist_n arrian_n flaccian_o trinitarian_n photinian_o lutheran_n calvinist_n dulcian_n lugentians_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o no_o less_o than_o fourteen_o several_a conventicle_n have_v assemble_v themselves_o in_o one_o city_n each_o of_o they_o assert_v peculiar_a doctrine_n and_o tenet_n of_o their_o own_o and_o deny_v all_o manner_n of_o communion_n in_o church-ordinance_n with_o the_o other_o thirteen_o now_o what_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o this_o anarchy_n in_o the_o reformation_n but_o the_o reestablishment_n of_o popery_n which_o according_o happen_v for_o soon_o after_o frideric_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n force_n be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o at_o prague_n in_o the_o year_n 1620_o francis_n cardinal_n of_o districhstein_n and_o bishop_n of_o olmitz_n find_v it_o a_o very_a easy_a matter_n to_o root_v out_o the_o divide_a and_o mutinous_a member_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n and_o to_o replant_v his_o own_o doctrine_n and_o church-discipline_n after_o which_o some_o scatter_a parcel_n of_o the_o reform_a party_n lay_v skulk_a among_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n on_o the_o border_n of_o silesia_n for_o some_o year_n but_o dare_v never_o appear_v in_o public_a and_o within_o a_o while_n after_o dwindle_v into_o nothing_o the_o king_n of_o moravia_n for_o it_o be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n be_v once_o the_o great_a potentate_n in_o this_o part_n of_o europe_n have_v for_o some_o time_n under_o their_o subjection_n the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o poland_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o zuantacop_fw-mi king_n of_o moravia_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n lord_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bohemia_n poland_n and_o silesia_n refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n or_o homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n who_o fall_v in_o upon_o his_o country_n to_o demand_v satisfaction_n for_o this_o insolence_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o dishonourable_a retreat_n but_o resolve_v not_o to_o endure_v this_o disgrace_n he_o rally_v up_o his_o scatter_a force_n and_o call_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n the_o hungarian_n a_o infidel_n people_n who_o before_o that_o time_n be_v awe_v by_o the_o moravian_o and_o keep_v from_o commit_v any_o outrage_n upon_o the_o christian-country_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o heathen_n the_o emperor_n rout_v zuantacop_n army_n force_v he_o to_o fly_v for_o shelter_n into_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n where_o he_o associate_v himself_o to_o a_o hermit_n with_o who_o he_o spend_v the_o residue_n of_o his_o day_n by_o this_o mean_v bohemia_n moravia_n and_o silesia_n come_v to_o be_v disunite_v and_o parcele_v into_o four_o different_a dukedom_n which_o be_v reckon_v so_o many_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a or_o german_a empire_n some_o age_n after_o the_o dukedom_n of_o moravia_n degenerate_v into_o a_o marquisate_n which_o name_n it_o still_o retain_v although_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n immediate_o fubject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n and_o the_o rest_n break_v into_o a_o few_o petty_a barony_n and_o lordship_n the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o moravia_n olmitz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o olomutium_fw-la which_o ortelius_n with_o who_o agree_v stephanus_n and_o bertius_n fancy_n to_o be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o ptolomy_n eburum_fw-la be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o moravia_n and_o the_o only_a bishop_n see_v in_o the_o marquisate_n it_o be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o neat_o and_o well_o build_v and_o seat_v in_o a_o convenient_a place_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n morawa_n to_o maintain_v a_o trade_n with_o the_o merchant_n of_o bohemia_n hungary_n poland_n silesia_n and_o austria_n the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o country_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o olmitz_n or_o olmutz_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o corruption_n of_o juliomontium_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o the_o town_n be_v first_o build_v and_o so_o it_o be_v as_o sure_a as_o either_o the_o tower_n at_o london_n or_o castle_n at_o leyden_n by_o julius_n cesar_n but_o how_o then_o come_v it_o to_o be_v call_v velgrad_n as_o boregius_n prove_v it_o be_v when_o king_n suatopluck_v build_v himself_o a_o palace_n here_o st._n cyril_n the_o great_a apostle_n of_o this_o country_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 880_o be_v the_o first_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n he_o be_v the_o author_n as_o aventinus_n affirm_v of_o the_o old_a wendish_n or_o crcation_n
state_n nor_o any_o thing_n true_o great_a in_o the_o city_n 3._o speyer_n speyer_n speyer_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n at_o the_o same_o rate_n with_o worm_n it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o nemetum_n civitas_n or_o noviomagum_n mention_v by_o julius_n cesar_n although_o freherus_n prove_v that_o the_o whole_a country_n near_o this_o place_n be_v ancient_o conclude_v under_o that_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_a on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n a_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n which_o owe_v its_o security_n more_o to_o the_o number_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n then_o the_o strength_n of_o any_o fortification_n near_o it_o for_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n demolish_v its_o bulwark_n and_o rampire_n be_v unwilling_a to_o spare_v so_o many_o man_n out_o of_o his_o army_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o garrison_n it_o and_o make_v it_o good_a against_o any_o future_a assault_n of_o the_o imperialist_n the_o citizen_n of_o worm_n and_o spire_n though_o lutheran_n swear_v fealty_n to_o their_o bishop_n who_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n there_o be_v in_o this_o town_n many_o stately_a house_n and_o fair_a church_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o cathedral_n beautify_v with_o four_o tower_n but_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o the_o town_n be_v the_o imperial_a chamber_n which_o be_v first_o place_v at_o worm_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o not_o long_o after_o fix_v at_o speyer_n from_o whence_o it_o can_v be_v remove_v but_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o fill_v the_o city_n with_o a_o constant_a concourse_n of_o people_n from_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n who_o repair_n hither_o for_o the_o final_a determination_n of_o such_o lawsuit_n as_o they_o fancy_n have_v not_o be_v well_o decide_v by_o inferior_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o their_o own_o country_n for_o hither_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o any_o prince_n court_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o elector_n themselves_o may_v in_o some_o trial_n at_o law_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v before_o this_o court_n 4._o zweybrucken_v zweybrucken_v zweybrucken_v call_v by_o the_o french_a deux-ponts_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o bridge_n over_o two_o river_n at_o the_o confluence_n whereof_o it_o be_v seat_v this_o city_n be_v signal_n for_o little_a more_o than_o its_o give_a name_n to_o a_o small_a principality_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n which_o be_v enjoy_v by_o a_o young_a house_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_n who_o be_v common_o style_v principes_fw-la bipontini_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la gemini_fw-la pontis_fw-la these_o poor_a prince_n have_v pay_v dear_a for_o some_o of_o the_o french_a king_n be_v late_a victory_n especial_o his_o triumph_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1677_o wherein_o their_o chief_a city_n zweybrucken_v be_v almost_o quite_o demolish_v so_o near_o be_v it_o to_o a_o utter_a overthrow_n that_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v see_v then_o the_o skeleton_n of_o a_o city_n 5._o philipsburg_n vdenheim_n or_o philipsburg_n udenheim_n a_o town_n subject_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o spire_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o saltza_n and_o on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n it_o be_v ancient_o a_o village_n but_o be_v wall_v round_o by_o gerhard_n bishop_n of_o spire_n who_o first_o make_v it_o a_o city_n and_o procure_v for_o it_o severallarge_v privilege_n it_o be_v convenient_o seat_v for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n well_o fortify_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n a_o little_a before_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n these_o new_a fortification_n begin_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n give_v ground_n to_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n to_o suspect_v that_o some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a design_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o this_o prelate_n whereupon_o frederic_n v._o the_o then_o elector_n palatine_n and_o prince_n in_o chief_a of_o vdenheim_n require_v he_o to_o desist_v from_o finish_v what_o he_o have_v begin_v which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v allege_v the_o emperor_n placaet_n for_o what_o he_o do_v upon_o this_o contempt_n the_o elector_n beat_v it_o down_o by_o force_n for_o this_o affront_n to_o the_o emperor_n authority_n the_o elector_n and_o his_o confederate_n be_v cite_v to_o appear_v before_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o speyer_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o with_o all_o imaginable_a severity_n this_o hard_a usage_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a motive_n which_o induce_v the_o unfortunate_a elector_n to_o accept_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n and_o consequent_o a_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n in_o which_o unhappy_a juncture_n marquis_n spinola_n the_o spanish_a general_n think_v this_o town_n so_o capable_a of_o be_v improve_v into_o a_o strong_a hold_n that_o he_o repair_v the_o demolish_a fortification_n and_o have_v make_v the_o place_n almost_o impregnable_a give_v it_o the_o new_a name_n of_o philipsburg_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n this_o town_n and_o castle_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o french_a and_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimeguen_n resign_v up_o to_o the_o imperialist_n in_o exchange_n for_o freyburg_n in_o brisgow_n the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n before_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o late_a bloody_a war_n cause_v this_o inscription_n to_o be_v write_v over_o the_o great_a gate_n at_o philipsburg_n tuendis_fw-la rheni_n finibus_fw-la ludovicus_n fourteen_o francorum_n &_o navarrae_n rex_fw-la christianissimus_a confecto_fw-la in_o utraque_fw-la germania_n bello_fw-la restaurata_fw-la ubique_fw-la pace_n munimentum_n hoc_fw-la suae_fw-la virtutis_fw-la assertaeque_fw-la libertatis_fw-la germaniae_fw-la monumentum_n firmari_fw-la isthoc_fw-la agere_fw-la muroque_fw-la regiis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la extructo_fw-la fecit_fw-la anno_fw-la m._n dc_o lxvi_o perfecit_fw-la in_o terrorem_fw-la hostium_fw-la foederatorum_fw-la praesidium_n liliorum_fw-la subsidium_fw-la alterum_fw-la galliae_fw-la cis_fw-la rhenum_n propugnaculum_fw-la ac_fw-la germaniam_fw-la versus_fw-la ostium_n in_o ferius_fw-la situ_fw-la non_fw-la robore_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la claudit_fw-la nemo_fw-la aperit_fw-la idem_fw-la aperit_fw-la &_o nemo_fw-la claudit_fw-la but_o when_o afterward_o in_o the_o succeed_a war_n it_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o imperialist_n the_o emperor_n raze_v out_o the_o former_a inscription_n and_o cause_v this_o follow_v one_o to_o be_v write_v in_o its_o stead_n leopoldus_n imperator_fw-la caesar_n pius_n faelix_fw-la augustus_n victor_n &_o triumphator_n suscepto_fw-la juvandis_fw-la sociis_fw-la tuendis_fw-la civibus_fw-la arcendis_fw-la hostibus_fw-la necessario_fw-la bello_fw-la restaurandae_fw-la ubique_fw-la paci_n munimentum_n hoc_fw-la vindicatae_fw-la ab_fw-la injectis_fw-la gallicae_n servitutis_fw-la compedibus_fw-la libertatis_fw-la publicae_fw-la futurum_fw-la ad_fw-la posteros_fw-la monumentum_fw-la expugnavit_fw-la germaniaeque_fw-la postliminio_fw-la restituit_fw-la anno_fw-la christianae_n salutis_fw-la mdclxxvi_o terrori_fw-la hostium_fw-la tutelae_fw-la civium_fw-la germaniae_fw-la praesidio_fw-la alterum_fw-la galliae_fw-la cis_fw-la rhenum_n receptaculum_fw-la ac_fw-la germaniam_fw-la versus_fw-la ostium_n auspicato_fw-la plura_fw-la pari_fw-la successu_fw-la recuperandi_fw-la augurio_fw-la gallis_fw-la clausit_fw-la germanis_fw-la reclusit_fw-la quod_fw-la gallus_n claudit_fw-la germanus_n aperit_fw-la there_o be_v some_o more_o well_o fortify_v town_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n such_o as_o manheim_n upon_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o neccar_n coube_v franckenthal_n keysers-lautern_a simmeren_n etc._n etc._n but_o none_o of_o so_o good_a note_n as_o those_o already_o describe_v helvetii_n alsatia_n pal._n rheni_n arch_n mogun_n arch._n trevir_n arch._n colon._n clivia_n geldria_n vltrajectum_n hollandia_n apud_fw-la jâ—â—ssoâ—â—â—-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a rhenus_n fluviorum_fw-la europae_n celeberrimus_fw-la cum_fw-la mosa_n mosella_n et_fw-la reliquis_fw-la in_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la exonerantibus_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la apâ—â—_n jâ—â—ssâ—â—â—â—-waesbergios_a mosem_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a palatinatus_n ad_fw-la rhenum_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a not._n explicatio_fw-la civitates_fw-la munite_fw-la urbes_fw-la vici_fw-la pagi_n arces_fw-la coenobia_n fortalitia_fw-la vera_fw-la totius_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la badensis_fw-la et_fw-la hochbergensis_n ceterorumque_fw-la ducatum_fw-la landgravionatuum_fw-la et_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la ad_fw-la princeps_fw-la huius_fw-la nominis_fw-la spectantium_fw-la geometr_v astro_fw-la calcu_fw-la delineatio_fw-la heic_fw-la domus_fw-la aeneae_n cunctis_fw-la dominabitur_fw-la oris_fw-la et_fw-la gnati_fw-la gnatorum_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la nascentur_fw-la ab_fw-la illis_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergii_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a explicatio_fw-la notarum_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n notabilis_fw-la pagus_n arx_n monasterium_fw-la pagê°_n not_o cum_fw-la arce_n arx_n et_fw-fr pagus_n monast_n cum_fw-la pago_n balneum_fw-la acidus_n fons_fw-la fodinae_fw-la aerarum_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n baden_n lie_v along_o