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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07032	A tragicall historie of the troubles and ciuile warres of the lowe Countries, otherwise called Flanders Wherein, is sett forthe the originall and full proceedyng of the saied troubles and ciuile warres, with all the stratagemes, sieges, forceble takynges, and manlike defenses, of diuers and sondrie cities, tounes, and fortresses of the same, together, the barbarous crueltie and tyrannie of the Spaniard, and trecherous hispaniolized Wallons, [and] others of the saied lowe Countreis. And there withall, the estate and cause of religion, especially, from the yere 1559. vnto the yere 1581. Besides many letters, commissions, contractes of peace, unions, articles and agrementes, published and proclaimed in the saied prouinces. Translated out of French into Englishe, by T.S. ge[n]t.; Chronyc. historie der Nederlandtscher oorlogen, troublen enn oproeren oorspronck, anvanck enn eynde, item den standt der religien, tot desen jare 1580. English.	Stocker, Thomas, fl. 1569-1592.; Marnix van St. Aldegonde, Philips van, 1538-1598, attributed name.; Rijckewaert, Carolus, called Theophilus, fl. 1577, attributed name.; Henricpetri, Adam, fl. 1576. General historien der aller namhafftigsten unnd fürnembsten Geschichten, Thaten und Handlungen.; Le Petit, Jean François, 1546-ca. 1615, attributed name.	1583 (1583)	STC 17450.3; ESTC S111524	324,446	432

king to vse Iustice and true mercie vnto his subiects In doing whereof he hath been most happie and blessed and is a figne of a true testimonie of that name which the Pope gaue vnto him and to his successors kings of Spaine to wit the title of most Catholike king which Pope Gregory the thirde of that name graunted the yeere 1230. To Alfonse king of Galice who also hath giuen to all Spaniardes the tytles of double Catholike Nowe this thing was the cause that all the Mores Sarazins and the Iewes them selues who as the Histories witnesse fithens the sacking and destruction of Ierusalem hauing by the appoyntment of the Emperour Titus continued in these Countreys haue withdrawne them selues out of Spayn because they were enforced to beleeue confesse Iesus Christ to be the sonne of God and therefore forsooke they the Countrey sought out for themselues some other better place to dwell in Insomuch that many thousandes haue gotten them away vnto the borders of Gibalter and from thence into Affricque into diuers other places But the rest who like well of Spayne continue there still and both themselues and their children are baptised Neuertheles not long after when the spaniards perceiued how greatly the opinion of the Godhead whether it be good or bad taking once impression in mens imaginations preuayled and what force it hath in mens harts when it is once rooted therin especially when in long processe of time it is successiuely learned from one to another for then they will become obstinate and neuer forgoe it Then was the exercise of the Iewish Religion forbidden them and as they coulde not in trueth forgette and forgoe the sayde exercise the Spaniardes fell to persecuting of them and yet by a certayne kinde of Iustice meaning vtterly to roote them out But it was impossible to roote out suche a people so obstinately bent and setteled in their Infidelitie A little before this there was a newe order of Fryers instituted by a Spaniarde The beginning of the order of the Iacopins borne within the Dyocesse of Lexonie to witte in Caliroga named Dominicke whiche was called the order of the lacopins and authorized by Pope Honorius the thirde of that name the yeere 1216. And this was brought in by reason of a vision that appeared to him as hee lay a sleepe by which was shewed him that the Churche being shaken and readie to fall was helde vp by Saint Dominicke onely albeeit Pope Innocente the thyrde his predecessor had no will to yeelde to the Institution and exection of that order of Fryers This Religious order is growen into suche credite and so highly esteemed of as that the king of Spaine hath committed vnto the Iacopins all the affayres concerning conscience and religion and although there was before tyme a certayne forme and manner of Inquisition instituted yet was it by this order of the Iacopins whiche was thought to be the most holy of all the rest confirmed and established For when they sawe that the Iewes coulde neyther by the prayers preachings and admonitions of the Iacopins bee conuerted they then proceeded with them after a rigorous maner and tooke vpon them the swoorde to force them to the religion if so bee they woulde not depart and gette them out of the countrey This rodde or swoorde whereof I heere intende to speake whiche the Iacopins vnto this present haue vsurped agaynste these poore people hath been the cause as it is sayde that the Inquisition beganne in the dayes of King Ferdinand whilest hee raigned Because that this manner and fourme of Inquisition is more rigorous then the first was against those herefies and heretiques which they called Marans The originall of the marans which name is ●sed amongst many Christian nations against such as of a singuler desire wishe to haue a newe religion forsaking and reiecting the olde whereupon the originall of the Marans was but a litle before that knowne For as the Iewes looked for the promised Messias and had alwayes in their mouthes this name Maran to witte Our Lorde Euen so the Iewes which had receyued the Christian fayth sayde Maranathi that is to say The Lorde is come Shortly after there arose a dissention and ennemitie amongst the Christians to witte betweene the true Christians and those which denied that the sayde sauyour was come who were called Marans and condemned for a pernitious and wicked sect This is the cause why the Iewes had alwayes that name in their mouthes and that the Spaniardes on the other side called them Apostates and heretiques which woorde they also vsed againste all suche as helde not the true doctrine of the Romishe Church And therefore the Iacopins were the authours of the Inquisition who deuised a better forme thereof then that that was before The king foorth with ratified this forme and Pope Sextus the Genoway confirmed it Without all doubt the king had great occasion to doe this for the rooting out of the wicked and reprobate doctrine of the Mahometistes and Iewes who went about none other thing but to burden mens consciences with the looking for the promised Messias and besides the Sarazins and Arabians whiche the Mores had sent into Spayne committed great mischiefe Yea and the Iewes themselues were condemned by Pope Sextus the yeere 1475. Because they had crucified a childe of two yeeres of age cutting off his genitories and ryght pappe The Iewes put to death a child of two yeeres 〈◊〉 and afterwarde persed him vnto death and then cast hun into the riuer which thing they did vpon palme Sunday in despite and mockery of Iesus Christ and to the dishonour and shame of all christians which Iewes were punished and executed after they had by torture sharp examination and proofe confessed the fact These Iacopins by reason of the reputation whiche they had gotten by the setting vp of their newe order of Religion called them selues the defenders of the Christian doctrine and Religion not onely in Spayne but also in Italy and in other places of Christendome where they had brought in and planted their order The first commission they had was graunted them against the Iewes and Mahometists but after when their authoritie encreased and extended it selfe further then they called themselues the Inquisitors of Heretikes for the persecuting of all such as woulde not obserue the ordinaunces and institutions of the Catholike religion Nowe that we might knowe what kynde of men these Inquisitors haue beene Experience hath shewed vnto vs to wit such mē as through their wickednes haue peruerted all thinges For these good Gentlemen proceede euen as they are affected against the accused whiche is the cause that all men bate them especially sithence the agreement whiche the Pope made betweene the foure orders of begging Fryers And the cause of this controuersie was by reason that the inquisitors had examined certain diuines of the order of the Carmelites vpō some articles of the faith of which number was Iulian

confederates might easily consider gather to what ende this preparation of warre and yrefull threates of his maiestie tended but the Catholikes especially who with theyr craftie clayning and subtill dawbing might the easilier deceiue the Regent feigned that they wold rather become newters or els if they did any thing that they would after a sort take part with her excellencie as they saide for the common wealth and yet it was well enough perceiued that they shewed them selues secrete enemies both to the Inquisition and also to the Spaniardes howbeit because they hoped to obteine the good will and moderation whiche the Regent on the behalfe of her brother had giuen thē to vnderstand they to the end they would not haue their enterprises to bee discouered nor hindered fell to plaine dissembling But when both the confederates and catholikes vnderstoode of the rumor of the setting forwarde of the Spanishe warres eyther partie beganne to bestyrre hym and make shift for himselfe yea and some of the Protestants who before had refused and forsaken the gentle offer and ayde of strange captaines and souldiers because they woulde streng then themselues the better confirmed with them their confederacie and thereupon caused men to bee leuied who had taken and possessed certaine townes makyng thereby the Romanistes practises of none effect c. Now because the spoyle of the Churches greatly displeased the Catholikes they also leuied a great number of men of war that they might bee auenged of the downe pullers and breakers of theyr Images punishyng many in diuers places without being any thing at all gainsaid by any of the rest of the protestants For the third part of the confederates haunted no whit any of the assemblies but interdicting also the preachings imprisoned as many as continued constant in the exercise of religion rechristening the infants and remarrying those persons which by the ministers had been before baptised and marryed and besides when they had caused the preachings to cease they hunted and chased the ministers and gaue them vp vnto the Inquisition and to all the rest of the old ordenances Whereupon many were forced to get them away into other countries and cities where the exercise of the religion had free course amongest which Valencia was the most famous For this cause the Lady Regent had required and commanded the Valencians to take in a garrison to wit fiue ensignes of footemen and foure troupes or companies of horsemen whiche Monsieur de Noircarmes the Marques of Bergues lieuetenant Gouernour of Henault had brought But the Valencians flatly refused them the 22. of September the very selfe same yeere trusting to the strength of their citie and the ayde of certaine french which were with them Valencia is the second chiefe citie of Henault The scituation of Valencia scituate in a fruitfull soyle full of moysture by reason of two riuers which streame downe thither and there meete the greater of which is called the Escante whose spring head commeth frō the countrie of Vermand out of the East mou●taines and running downe by Cambray and the territories thereof taketh his couse by Valencia so vnto Conde where the Riuer called the Hayne whereof all the countrie is named falleth into Escant The whiche separating and diuiding Artoys from Henault runneth down by Tournay in Flaunders euen vnto Gand where it toyneth with Lys Which discendeth from Artoys and so parting it selfe into diuers armes runneth by Deuremond and Antwerp and lastly disgorgeth it selfe into the Ocean Sea Moreouer Valencia is a fayre citie well fenced with rampiers and ditches But the chiefest commoditie it hath is that they may drown all the whole Champion Countrie thereabout through the opening of certayne sluces or flood gates made for the same purpose for the stopping of al such as intended to come neere the Towne Ouer and besides this it is a citie well furnished with all kindes of merchandise seruyng for the trade and traffique of the Frenche and lowe countrie men When the ladie Regent had vnderstood of this refusall shee againe commanded to haue the gates to be set open Valencia refu●eth a garrison to take in a garrison which she had sent thyther by letters and withall the Duke of Arescote and the Counte Egmont to perswade them But when they coulde by no meanes bring to passe their purpose the Valencians were taken for his maiesties enemies and so declared and proclaimed in many places which terrified and feared the other cities Neuerthelesse at the last the said lords had so persuaded them as that they agreed to receiue a garrison although against theyr priuileges but because they would gladly bee discharged of them they were contented to giue them a summe of money vpon condition that they would agree to certaine articles Howbeit the catholikes woulde in no wise accept thereof saying that it was against all reason that any subiect shoulde prescribe lawes or articles vnto his Lord wherfore they straitly besieged the citie and made their trenches and enuironed them both on foote and horse backe In this mean while Monsieur de Noircarmes had gotten a litle village somewhat neere thereto called Spr Amand and had schooled and appointed them what they should doe and afterwarde in December 1566. hee came before Valencia with his whole campe The besiegeants likewise had prepared to defend themselues against the assaultes and attempts of the catholikes and had written to the cittes confedered beseeching their aide but especially to the gentlemen confedered because they would gladly haue been assisted by them seeing that by their incitation and encouragement they had taken in hand that warre The nobilitie woulde at no hand haue to doe with that cause but som of the common people gathered themselues together in low Flanders to rayse a campe but forsomuch as they were not prouided of an expert captain for the wars they in steebe of marching against the enemie made warre with the Priests and Churches and by that meane procured the losse of Valencia and were the cause of theyr owne destruction For when the gouernour of Doway and Orchies was aduertised of this assembly he sent against them both footemen horsemen to charge them in the reare ward Which thing whē they of Tournay vnderstood they put thēselues in armes for the ayding of the Valencians remouing of the siege The gouernour of Doway had all that night gotten his people together sent them into the champion countrey so that about 6. of the clocke in the morning there were in Armes 3. hundred Harquebuziers an hundred horses forbidding them not to fight vntill such teime as Monsieur de Noircarmes were come with his tenne Ensignes of footemen an hundred horse who assoone as they were come violently suddainely charged the men of warre of the Protestantes They of T●urnay discomfited and put them to the foyle so that the third parte of them lay dead in the place and the rest were saued by their fast

vnderstood by the lowe countrie men And again the citie of Coloigne was so farre thence as that it was an eight dayes iourney in passing and very chargeable and besides the bishop of Coloigne had not kept his ordinary disitations long time before And therfore for the moderating and qualifiyng heereof they erected V●recht iuto an Archbishoprick because it stood in the midst of the other suffragane bishopricks Besides they exected the Bishoprick of Cambray into an Archbishoprick wherunto they sub●ed 4. other suffragane bishopricks to wit in Artois the Bishoprick of Arras and the bishoprick of S. Omer in Tournois the Bishopricke of Tournay in the countrse of Namur the Bishoprick of Namur They also erected the ●hurch of S. Rumold at Malines into an Archbishopricke wherunto they subiected 6. Bishops to wit in Braband the Bishopricke of Antwerp the Bishopricke of Boysleducke in Gelderland the Bishopricke of Rurmond in Flaunders the Bishopricke of Gaud the Bishopricke of Bruges the Bishaprick of Ypres There was appoyured to euery one of these new Bishoprickes for the maintenance of the estate sixe thousand florins of yeerelyrēt but to the bishopricke of Malines ten thousand Now for the more 〈◊〉 and better assigning out of these 6. thousād florins there were certaine Suffraganeships of cathe●●al churches conuertedinto Bishopricks 〈…〉 if the reuenue of the Suffraganeship amoūted not vnto 6. M. florins as aforesaid the rest was assigned out of the Abbeyes next adioyning But because the citie of Tyrwine and the Cathedrall ●hurch therof were in the former w●rres destroyed razed that diocesse was equally divided amongest thiee Bishoprickes for that part that was in Flaunders was assigned to the bishopricke of Ypres and that part that lay in Artois to the bishopricke of S. Omer and that part which lay in Fraunce to the bishoprick of Boloigne Now this diuision of suffragane vishopricks vnder the Archbishoprickes was made to this end that euery Archbishopricke should haue within it self one selfe same language to wit eyther Wallonish Flennsh or els Guelderlish It was also appointed in euery of these Cathedral churches Doctors of diuinity appoynted in euery cathedral church that the niene Prebende● which were first voyde shatilde be assigned after this manner to wit three vnto Noble men three to Diuines and three to Canonistes vpon condition that they shoulde assist the Bishoppe in the Inquisition but chiefly and especially the Diuines and Canonists of which 2. of the auncientest learnedest diuines should be Inquisitors These mē for their payne trauel aduancemēt of the religion next vnto the Deane shoulde haue the first voyce in the Chapter au hundred florins wages Furthermore that no Pastor of any Church should be amnitted except be were first examined by a Doctor of diuinitie and a Canonist and by them found to be a meere man for that purpose That euery bishopps which should be abseut from his bishopricke by the space of 6. moneths vnles he were sent by the Pope or the prince in some commission or embassadge should lose his reuenue for that time cuē aswell as any of the rest of the Canons Lastly that the Archebishopricke of Malines shoulde bee chiefe aboue the rest that the Archbishop which was Legatus natus should be there resident abiding in his owne person that he might be alwaies neere vnto the kings court at Bruxelles which prefermēt Lopin the Cardinal of Granuelle had got for himselfe That the king should haue the nomination of the bishops and the Pope the confirmation But because we might the better vnderstand to what ende all this geare tended I haue thought it very expedient and good to set downe the 12. articles that were inuented practised by the Spanish Inquisition to the end they might inuade get and tyrānize the Belgique prouinces which articles were found in the house of M. I. Hessels a councellour of the councell of troubles by which euery mā may easily perceiue the good wil they beare vnto the low countries to the prosperity welfare of our cōmon weale as hereafter in the drift purpose of this historie by the resolution or determination of the Inquisition confirmed at Madrid the 26. of Febr. 1568. by the sentence of his Maiesty against the low countries manifestly may appeare Articles and determinations of the Spanish Inquisition for the inuading getting and tyrannizing of the lowe Countries THE moste sacred or holie office of the Inquisition so often times by his Maiestie attempted in the low Countries and euen vnto this verie present stayed and hindered shall by this moste expedient manner of dealing bee instituted and aduaunced First the exring and wickedly confederating Emperor with the Heretikes muste bee perswaded to resigne ouer vnto his sonue all the dominions terretories and full gouernment of the lowe Countries For wee haue hitherto too too vainely gone about our businesse with the Emperour but we shal at our pleasure deale wel inough with his young and simple sonne concerning this holy Inquisition Secondly soone after that the Emperour and his two sisters haue giuen ouer their charges left the lowe countries and god ten themselues into Spaine wee may assnre our selues that they mill not returne thence to hurte the sequele of our proceedings Thirdly These beeing dispatched it shal behoue vs also to remoue the king from vs and so deale with him as that hee neuer returne thence and that no Fleming bee suffered to haue accesse vnto him or yet speake with him Fourthly That the king shal write and send vnto the orders of the Clear gie men of the low countries to accept fifteene new Bishops with the inquisition who shall haue free power ouer all seculer Iurisdiction yea euen to deale in matters of high treason Fiftly The subiectes of the low countries by reason of their malice and ouer full fed will reuoult rayse commotions and tumultes agreeing to all thinges sauing vnto those that wee bring in Sixtly The princes and nobles with the chiefe leaders and Authours of these factions as also the subiects may heereupon by some slie and subtill dealing bee dispatched of their liues and the rest brought into good frame and order Seuenthly we will at our owne perill like of the reauers robbers of all churches and images and by some subtill shifte or other make all the woride impute the fault thereof vnto the rebelles and so by that meane wee shall get the vpper hande of them Eightly wee will ouerthrowe all trafficke trade of merchaudise riches wealth liberties and priueleges and bring them all vnto extreeme beggerie and so by this meane the Realme shall be euer ours Nienthly There shall none in all the low countries except those of our faction bee thought worthie to liue so that in the ende wee will roote out from amongest them all goods landes occupations and all good order and make a new kingdome and new people thereof Tenthly For accomplishing of this office and dealing the wise and valiant

an assured occasiō of trouble and muteny amongest the people which coulde in no wise abyde to be spoyled of the benefit that they tasted of by preaching and that this surceasing would turne to an vtter abolishing therof because the Estates had not met together as also experiēce had taught them besides many other reasons It was tolde vnto his excellency that it was neither reasonable dealing with God nor yet expedient for the common benefite of the cit●e to surcease the said preachings And so by this meanes the exercise of the religion was contynued And as for the bearing of weapons when as they of the religion had shewed in what daunger they stood by their meeting together out of the city without weapons it was told them that they might very wel vse them whiles they were in their assemblies But that they should leaue them without and not bring them backe againeinto the Citie wherwithal they were very wel contented therein more and more shewing their simplicitie in not looking into the waranting of thēselues their wiues and children against these helhoundes that then lay abroade The 18. A solemne procession of out lady of Anti●erpe of August solemne processions of our Ladie of Antwerp were made after the old custom wherin they carried about with them the image of our Ladie garnished and apparrelled in cloth of gold with many other precious iewels as if she had been a Queene This Image was carried about by the worshipfullest men of the Citie alwayes changing them at certayne quarters and crosse wayes of the Streetes There were at that tyme at the prince of Drange his house the Princesse his wife his brother the count Lewys and many other Gentlemen to beholde this solemne festiuall procession When this solemne procession was ended the Image was set vp in the midst of the Church as it was wonted to be where it was accustomed to stande vntill the Saterday following But because my masters of the Chapiter feared some disorder to come by reason of certayne wordes that the people spake in the time of the processiō saying O Marie Marie the Carpenters wife this shall he thy last festiuall day shee was taken away and setup againe the Tewesday following in her owne Chappell where she was wont to stande The 19. of August the Prince departed from Antwerpe The prince of Orange his goyng to 〈◊〉 and went to Bruxelles to the endelto receiue with the rest of the Counsell of the Estate an answere which her highnesse had promised to make to the deputies of the nobles the 20. or 21. of that instant by reason of a supplication which they had exhibted tending to the withstanding of the apparant troubles and commotions in the Countreys Nowe as they continued in maner and fourme as aforesaide in their common and publike Sermons certaine of lowe Flanders began to put downe the Idols and Images which thing was prosecuted in many Cities of the Countrey and amongst the rest at Antwerpe with such assuraunce and diligence as if some man had had expresse commandement from the Magistrate to execute suche an exployte with expedition This defacing of Images was the morrowe after that the Prince was gone from Antwerp to Bruxelles which was on Tewesday being the 20. of August about sixe of the clocke in the after noone And the occasion hereof grew by this meane that the Sunday next before as afore is sayde a great Image of the virgin Marie was caried about in solemne procession which was wonted to be set vp and left in a certayne place of the Temple for eyght dayes together about which euery man and woman according to their deuotion crept on their knees two or three times and on the Tewesday following the Priestes hauing shutte vp the Church doores placed her agayne in her ordinary roome And about two of the clocke in the afternoone there came to our Ladies Church certayne Mariners and other yong fellowes and merueiling that they had so often remoued the Image cryed out and sayde Marie crie vine les Gueux that is God saue the Gueses wee will giu● you the place with such other like pleasantiestes They asked also the woman that was wonted to sell the waxe candles and gather vp the offrings why they had so often remooued the saide Image and sayde further vnto her that shee might nowe shutte vp her Shoppe well inough for there were none that woulde buie any of her marchandize The woman mooued and grieued with these woordes cast the Ashes which shee had there in a pot into their eyes Whiles they were thus iesting and sporting there went to the Towne house two substanciall men and tolde the Magistrate of these tumultes and vprores The Magistrate amazed with these newes went to the Colledge and comming thence after he had paused there a while he went with the Margraue accompanied with foure Seriantes foure Halberdiers and a great trayne of people vnto the Church And when the Boyes and young Fellowes sawe the Magistrate they went out of the Churche and then beganne the Magistrate to vse these discreete speeches vnto the people saying My good friendes I pray you get you hence howebeit there was neuer a man that woulde once styrre so that hee was fayne to gette him out without any more to doe Soone after the young fellowes aforesayde came backe to the Church with one of the captaynes of the Guarde of the preachers shutting in the Church doores fel a singing of Psalmes which Psalmes being sung euery man begā to pull down deface the Images in so much that the very same night they had throwen downe the Images not onely in the great temple called our Lady Church but also in all the rest yea and in all chappels Cloysters where they made very great vnwonted caues as if they would haue drowned the Hoggesheades of wine and beare after they had drunke more then ynough and carried away all the stoore of fleshe and of other prouision whiche they coulde lay handes on Howebeit there were none that did thus but beggers women and wilde headed young fellowes And besides they deliuered out of prison in the couente of the Franciscane Fryers a poore Fryer that had been kept in prison 12. yeeres for the preaching of the trueth and deliuered also a French Baker who had been a yeere and an halfe in the towne Pryson for the religion and confession of the Gospell The Wednesday and Thursday following the worshipfull companies of liueries or brotherhoodes that had their Alter or Chappell in the aforesaide Ladie Church beganne to pull downe that that remayned and carried it out of the Churche whereupon there were others that followed them in the same Church and also in the rest to pull downe also that whiche they had leaft and this was done as if they had had commission to doe it the Magistrate not once setting him selfe agaynst them to defende it vntill at the last it came to passe that his Maiesties

Armes were broken But when the Magistrate hearde of that The kings arms broken the Borroughmaster Stralen entered into the Church with a certayne number of Mariners all shot who discharging their peeces draue away all the Beggers and so shutte vp the Churche doores The Tewesday in the euening the chiefe officers being troubled with these beginninges desired one of the ministers of the Flemmish Church to goe to the Temple and exhorte those that had broken downe the Images to leaue off Whereunto hee obeyed and going vp into the pulpit to that ende spake vnto them But when he sawe that they woulde giue no eare vnto him hee for the auoyding of a greater mischiefe departed Neuerthelesse they of the religion were charged with this violence Whereupon also they were blamed for robberies and other insolences which thereon had ensued Inregarde whereof the sayde minister Herman Strycker of Swelle went vp agayne into the pulpit of the sayde Lady Church on Thursday in the morning being the 22. of August and there made a shorte collation vnto the people protesting in the first place that this violence of pulling downe of the Images was done without the knowledge of the ministers and the rest who had the charge of the Churche committed vnto them and in the seconde place disalowyng and detesting the spoyles pilferies and other insolences that had ensued and exhorted all such as had any of the pillage and spoyle to carrie it to the Magistrate And to knit vp the matter withall he admonished the people of the obedience that was due to the Magistrate and of the concorde and peace requisite amongst the people With this exhortation were many moued deliuered vp into the hands of the Magistrate not only siluer crosses but also many gilt chalices other iewels telling their names surnames and dwelling places offring them selues to become prys●ners if it were so the Magistrates pleasure Howrbeit the Magistrate receiued their Iewelles and thanke● them for their fidelitie and loyaltie The same day in the after noone the people notwithstanding that there were men set of purpose at the Church doores to tell them that there shoulde be no Sermon for they were in deed made to beleeue that there shoulde bee one yet for all that they came together in great numbers vnto the sayde Church instantly desiring that they might haue a sermon Insomuch that for feare of an vprore the minister which had exhorted them in the morning was fayne to get him vp agayne into the pulpit where hee made a reasonable long exhortation tending to the same end and purpose as in the morning This Tewesday being the 20. of August a great number of the Citizens of Antwerp both Fleminges and Walons had made thēselues ready to goe in the morning to Bruxels towards the Dutches of Parma Ladie Regent of the lowe Countrey to the ende to beseeche her that they might ●btayne to haue a publike Church in the citie of Antwerpe for the exercise of their religion The Fryday following The ministers and consistorie purge thē selues before the Magistrate being the 23. of August the ministers the rest who had the charge of the Church of Fleminges and Walones committed vnto them for the effectuall purging of them selues of certayne slanders and to assure the chiefe officers of their affection 〈◊〉 good will exhibited vnto the Boroghmaster M. Verheyen the Pencioner Wesonbeck being assistant there with him the propositions and articles ensuing To the ryght worshipfull the Boroghmasters Sheriffes and Counsell of the Citie of Antwerpe RIght worshipfull wee in trueth protest as before the Lord that this pulling downe and abolishing of Images hath been done without our knowledge and consent And as for the pilferies pillages robberies and the other dissolute arrogant partes which haue followed wee mislike and abhorre And therefore our meaning is that the Ministers shall exborte as they haue already done their Auditorie in their Sermons that they wholly abstayne from such kinde of dealing bring agayne into your possession that which hath beene fellonously taken away They of our Church are ready to yeelde themselues altogether obedient vnto your worshippes for the opposing of them selues by your commandement against all sackinges violences theftes and such other like insolences For we acknowledge our selues to be established by the Lord through the office of the Magistrate and therefore are bound to obey you not onely for feare of punishment but also for conscience sake And so consequently we ought and will faithfully paye all taxes tollages customes impostes subsidies tenthes and whatsoeuer charges els that shall bee layde vppon vs whether they be ordinary or extraordinarie Confessing that they which shall refuse to doe it or deceiptfully deale in this behalfe shall offende GOD and are punisheable at your W. handes And for the greater assuraunce of that that hath beene before sayde the Ministers of the woorde and the reste whiche haue the charge of the gouernment of the Churche committed vnto them are readie if neede bee to sweare vnto you to bee faithfull and obedient in all thinges according to the will of God and his woorde for the conseruation of the benefite and commoditie of the Citizens and Inhabitantes and also of the Citie Beseeching you that vnder your authority and protection wee maye assemble our selues in some Churches meete and able to receiue vs for the exercise of our Religion and not take it in ill parte if we serue our turnes with any one of them according to the present necessitie attending vnti●● suche time as you haue purueyed for the same In the meane while our meaning is not to inforce any mans conscience or constrayne them to receiue our Religion contenting vs and praysing God that he hath giuen vs the meane to serue him after our manner of religion trusting that your W. will so prouide as that both one and other shall haue that that shall content them And that it would please you to set downe an order that the one iniurie not nor offer violence to another about the cause of religion This was exhibited in the name of the Ministers of the woorde and of the rest of the Gouernoures of the Churches both of the Fleminges and French the twentie fiue of August 1566. The Pencioner in the name of the said worshipful Borough-maister answered that they woulde communicate these propositions with the Colledge And that in the meane while they shoulde aduertise those of the Religion on the behalfe of the chiefe Officers not to come at two of the Churches to wit the greate Churche called our Ladies Churche and Saint Georges That same euening the Pencioner did let them vnderstande that the intente of the chiefe Officers was that they shoulde abstayne from two other Churches to witte from Saint Michaels and Saynte Iames as appeareth by a Billet signed with his hande the tenure whereof ensueth My maisters after I had made report of your good will which appeared by that you had proposed

the Deputies culled out certaine Articles whiche shoulde serue for a full resolution which his Excellencie hauing receiued digested them in order as followeth Articles agreed vpon and signed Articles digested into forme and order TO the ende that all troubles and discordes which haue fallen out within this Citie of Antwerpe by reasō of religion might cease be for euer stayed and that all the Citizens Inhabitauntes thereof might from hencefoorth liue soberlye and peaceablye in all loue and amitte together and the negotiation or traffique bee brought againe vnto the olde trade and this Citie be defended from all further inconueniences So it is that after diuers communications and deliberations heereuppon had and holden and diuers poyntes and Articles propounded both on the one side and on the other my Lorde the Prince of Orange Vicount of this Citie and the appoynted Gouernour thereof in his Maiesties name and the right woorshipfull the Scowte or Marshall Boroughmaisters and Sheriffes of the same haue as it were by way of tolleration vntill suche time as his Maiestie with the aduise of the Generall Estates of these lowe Countries shal bee able otherwise to dispose and ordeyne agreed with those of the new Religion and permitted and tollerated these poyntes and Articles hereafter written which they of the Religion haue also promised and are bounde to keepe and follow 1 First of all they maye no way hinder nor trouble the Seruice Sermons nor other Church matters nor yet any of the Catholique religiō nor cause them to be hindred troubled nor indamaged by any manner of meanes soeuer 2 Also they maye not occupie nor yet keepe their Sermons or other exercises of their religion in anye Churches Monasteries or other hallowed places but onelye in some of the three places vndernamed to witte in the voyde or waste grounde of Paule van Gamer in the horse market In the voyde or waste grounde of Maister Lyekercke in Wapper or in the whiting garden in the Hospitall medowes harde by the Garden of the Archers and Arbalisters Prouided alwayes that if they canne gette none of these places aforesaide that then by the consent of his Excellencye they maye in steede of them vse some other places of the like bignesse and scituation and for so many vse those places in the newe Towne whiche heretofore they ware woonted to haue their Sermons in 3 At which places they may all at one time preach on the Sunday and vppon festiuall or holie dayes but vppon none other daies except it be on the Wednesday when there falleth not an holy daye in that weeke And they may haue for euerie preaching place a Minister and another to be ioyned with him who by reason of sicknes absence or other let may supply the others place as an assistaunt 4 Also that all these Preachers and Ministers muste bee borne in the Countries Subiecte to his Maiestie or els bee Citizens of some good Citie or Towne of those lowe Countries And thereuppon shall sweare vnto his Excellencye or in his absence to the Magistrate to bee obedient and faithfull in all matters of pollicie so longe as they shal remayne there 5 They may not haue nor beare to nor fro vnto the Sermons and of assemblie any Harquebusses Pistolles Holbardes or other forbidden weapons Alwayes prouided that no manne shall trouble anye of them for wearing either sworde or dagger 6 Item they shall in all matters of pollicie bee obetient vnto the Superiors and Magistrates and bee contributories to all the common charges of the Citie euen as all the reste of the Inhabitauntes and imploye them selues for the conseruation tranquilitie and common weale therof as wel as they 7 Item that all Preachers of what Religion soeuer they bee shall take heede howe they vtter anye despitefull rayling and iniurious wordes and generally all seditious speeches whether it be against anthority or the magistrate or against those of another religion Alwaies prouided that any thing cōcerning doctrine or the exercise of religion the reprehending of manners and disordered kind of life shall not be taken for seditious wordes 8 Item that his Excellencie may depute any Magistrate to be present at the choosing of any ministers Elders or deacons of their Churches or at their meetings together for the handling of any other cause concerning their Religion to that end he might alwaies make a true and faithful reporte both to his Excellency and to the Magistrate 9 Item that one of them maye not mocke another ueyther yet hinder hurte nor doe violence one to another anye manner of way by reason of the diuersitie of Religion but shal be bound to helpe one another if so be any violence or wrong be done vnto them 10 Item that no person whatsoeuer he be of the one religion or the other may stop the law either in apprchēding punishing or executing of Churchrobbers or offenders either yet in any other cause whatsoeuer but that the malefactors may bee dealte withall according to iustice 11 Item that none may sing in the streets where any people shall assemble or may be assembled 12 Item that his excellency the Magistrate of this citie shal not onely protect those of the religion but also generally all the inhabitants of this citie liuing in obedience peace and politike vnitie without regard whether they be of the Catholike or of this religion 13 All which poynts articles the ministers preachers of their Religion shal in al their sermons declare againe vnto the people admonish them with al speed to order and behaue them selues accordingly 14 Item that all the poyntes heeretofore mentioned shal as it were by way of tolleration bee inuiolably obserued and kepte vntill suche time as his Maiesty with the aduise of the generall estates of this countrey haue otherwise ordeined vnto the whiche ordinaunce those of the religion from thencefoorth shal be subiect and from this present promise to folow and keepe Alwaies prouided that if herein any thing shal bee established contrary to their conscience and religion that in this case there shal be a fit time agreed vpō that they may without impeachmēt freely get them away out of the countrey with their goods whethersoeuer they please 15 Item that the Preachers ministers elders deacons and other seruitours in their Churches with a good number of the best qualified in their Religion shal agree to these articles promise to keepe cause thē to be kept to thevttermost of their power subscribe also for the greater assuraunce of this present act Prouided alwayes that they shall not by reason of this subscribing in time to come be suspected troubled nor hunted after And his Excellencie with a secretary in the name of the Magistrate of this citie shall subscribe also for their safetie vnto this present Acte of whiche two shall bee expedient the one for his Excellency and the Magistrate and the other for those of the religion In witnes wherof this present act is

concluded vpon and subscribed as aforesaid the 12. of September 1566. And signed by William of Nassau Mandato commissorum Polities AND although there were two or three poyntes heerein whiche the Deputies woulde gladlye haue altered or at the leaste haue hadde them more playnely sette downe yet neuerthelesse beeyng satisfied with the woordes of his Excellencies owne mouth this accorde was signed by the Ministers and Gouernors of the Church with a good number of the beste qualified and other members thereof The first day of the said conference and communication with his Excellencie the saide deputies hauing vnderstood of the slaunders that they of the religion were still more and more charged with and that the chiefe Officers made shew to beleeue them First that the people had beene excited and stirred vppe by the Sermons to pull downe Idolles as hauing beene taught to thrust out all Idolles not onelie from their heartes but from their eyes also and not onelye to breake them in peeres but also to burne them to ashes that the memorye of them might cleane bee quenched out Moreouer that the say●e Suppliantes had hyred certaine people to pull downe the Images Item that the ministers had also taught that they were no more bounde to paye the Assyses or custome or at the least not so greate as heeretofore they had done Item that they had concluded to take the Towne house chaunge the Magistrate and expulse all such out of the citie as were not of their religion Item that they should bragge that they would not once suffer any exercise of the Romish religion in this Citie and many such other like leasings whereupon they were inforced for the purging and iustifiyng of them selues to exhibite a supplication as well to his Excellencie as also to the Magistrate and Counsell of the Citie of Antwerpe conteyning ouer and beside the saide Iustification a graunt of certayne Churches built within the sayde Citie so greate and so manye as shoulde bee thought necessarie for the greatnesse and multitude of the people Moreouer the saide Suppliants of the religion prayed to haue a good answere vnto their supplication of euery act with a copie therof foorthwith a graunt that they might cause the same to bee imprinted for the benefite vnity and quiet of the citie of Antwerpe Now there was no answere vnto their supplication because the chiefe Officers presupposed that the Articles whiche were ready to be concluded vppon shoulde bee a sufficient prouiso for the whole And as for that poynt of the burying of the dead it was sayde vnto them that they might bury them in the publique churchyardes of the Citie There was also at that time published the abolition of the Spanishe Inquisition and commissions in manner and forme as followeth A Proclamation proclaymed and set foorth by Syr Iohn of Imersele knight Lorde of Bowdrie the Scoute or Marshall the Boroughmaisters Sheriffes and Counsell of the Citie of Antwerpe the last of August 1566. BE it knowen vnto all men on the behalfe of my Lorde the Prince of Orange The abolishing of the inquisition and commissions as geuernor and chiefe of thie Citie of Antwerpe appointed thereto by his maiestie and also on the behalfe of the Lordes of the saide citie First that our soueraigne Lorde the kings most excellent maiestie according to his greate clemencie and natur all goodnes tender affection hauing had regard and consideration to and of the quiet benefit and prosperitie of the lowe countries his true and lawfull inheritance hath expresly agreed declared and consented that the inhabitants and citizens of this citie and of all the lowe countries shall bee deliuered and for euer continue acquited discharged and vtterly disburdened of the Inquisition which not manie monethes sithence hath beene so muche spoken of and muttered at through out al the sayde lowe Countreys And hencefoorth shall bee and so still continue franke and free vtterly discharged of all the ordinaunces and Commissions sette downe and graunted about the cause of heresies and controuersies in religion which haue any way heretofore been had and published And that for and vntill such time as by newe and generall Commissions which by his Maiestie with the aduise of the generall Estates of the said countreys about the state of religion shall bee ordeyned and established it bee generally otherwise purueyed for and ordeyned according to which from that tyme forwarde euery man oughte to behaue and gouerne himselfe and whereon they must relie and be assured A Grapheus AND to the ende that they of either the religion might bee more assured and rest the quietlier there was another edict published by which the chiefe Magistrates tooke vppon them to procect both the one and the other forbidding eyther of them not to seeke to wronge and deale cruelly one with another as by the tenure hereof ensuing may appeare A Proclamation made and sette foorth before the Towne howse by the Lorde Diericke Vander Meeren vnder the Scowte or Marshall the Boroughmaisters and the Sheriffes and councell of the citie of Antwerpe the 3. of September 1566. TO the end that all troubles and diuisions within this Citie might be preuented withstood therewithall in like sor● that the negotiation and trafficke might be restored to his olde trade and that euery man might vnderstand knowe that hence foorth hee may assuredly without any doubt or feare of empeachment or disturbance most peaceably exercise his negociation and so eftsones the exercise of his religion Bee it knowne and by my Lorde the Prince of Orange c. The appointed gouernour in the name of his maiestie and likewise of the chiefe officers of the citie it is commaunded First That no man whatsoeuer hee bee doe take in hande or vppon him to empeache or trouble the seruice of the Churches Monasteries and of the olde Catholike Religion neyther yet missay or wronge any eyther in woorde or deede in whatsoeuer matter vpon payne of the losse both of bodie and goodes or otherwise to bee punished by arbytrement according to the merite of the facte for an example to all others Item That no man of what Estate and condition soeuer hee bee shall empeach nor trouble the exercise of the other religion at this present permitted by waye of tolleration neyther ill or wronge anye man anye kinde of way eyther in worde or deede for the same vpon the like payne and punishment Ouer and besides declaring that his Excellencie and the Citie doe take in hande to protect and saue harmelesse all the enhabitannts and dwellers of the same in general without respect whether they bee of the Catholike or of the other religion whiche as before is suffered by way of tolleration and hath alredie been treated of and agreed vppon with condition notwithstanding that euery man shall liue peaceabile and quietly and obediently to the Magistrate in all matters of policie without charging huntyng after and molesting anye man eyther of the one religion or the other

inconueniences as that they did not onelie let them alone but which is more commanded the companies of Liueries or Brotherhoods in many places to take away the Images and ornaments of theyr aulters whiche coulde not be done so hastily and confusedly but that they must needes breake some of them Which kinde of dealing when some of the people sawe they in like sort put thereto theyr helping hand thinking it to be a thing both lawfull allowed and also commaunded by the magistrate to ryd the Churches of them all Wherefore it is so farre of that they were neither at the first nor yet afterwardes stirred vp thereto by the Sermons as that contrariwise the Preachers and such as haue the gouernment of the Churche as muche as in them lay trauelled to stay them neuer hauing commaunded any such act to bee doone nor yet knowing thereof before eyther els allowyng of it after as by many reasons may wel bee verified and also namely appeare by the testimonie of a very great number of prysoners who for the same cause haue beene miserably tormented Which thing neuerthelesse wee haue to our greate griefe vnderstood that these two points to wit The preachings breaking of the Images which notwithstanding haue no waye beene any furtherance but altogether quite and cleane againste thē hauing there with no communitie at all haue been so reported of vnto your maiestie as that you being thereat greatly offended were fully determined to come hyther with force of armes for the indifferent rooting out both of the one and the other Which thing considered wee haue thought it our duetie most humbly to beseech your maiestie that it would please you moste certainely thinke that the religion beeing imprinted in the heartes and mindes of men into the which no threatninges nor outwarde forces can any way enter or pearse considering that sith the point standeth vppon the saluation or condemnation of theyr soules it is not so easie a matter to pluck away by force of armes as by that means to cause some weak soules to dissemble the same and thereby in time make them become people without religion and very Libertines and Atheists at whose hands is neyther fidelitie nor yet loyaltie of conscience to bee looked for And withall that the saying of Gamaliel may well bee weighed That if it bee of God it cannot bee ouerthrowne and therefore an hard and dangerous matter to make warre against him And that which is more when your maiestie shall see into the chiefe pointes of the enterprises that haue beene put into your head by suche as eyther through ignorance by theyr particuler affections or for feare haue giuen you that councell that none other thing will followe nor come thereon but an irrecouerable ruine and destruction of your so florishing lowe Countries and so necessary for the conseruation of your mightinesse and the increasing of the Princes your neighbours who beeynge inriched with the spoyles of these Countries may thereby bee strengthened to make warre against you And therefore wee your most humble vassals and faithfull seruauntes desiryng alwayes to liue and dye vnder your Maiesties obedience and to aduaunce the mightinesse thereof as muche as in vs lyeth both with our bodies and goods throughly consideryng and waying all these circumstances and beeyng persuaded that our humble and resonable requestes and supplycations wyll take some place with your excellencie by reason of your naturall and wonted clemencie and benignitie Beeseeche you in the name of our Lorde Iesus Christe to graunte vs that such as cannot by any meanes lyke of the Romyshe doctrine and ceremonies and yet for all that in a● other things are your very faithfull and obedient subiects may fully and wholy haue such an assured libertie openly to meete in such pla●es as your maiestie and the Magistrates vnder you shal please to assigne them for the exercise of theyr religion wherein they truely protest as before God that theyr full pretence and meanyng is to beleeue lyue and dye in the doctrine of the Prophetes and Apostles contayned within the olde and newe Testament summarily comprysed in the Creede of the said Apostles and of all Councels agreeyng with the worde of GOD submittyng themselues besides vnto whatsoeuer shall hereafter bee determined and ordeyned by a free and generall Councell Where attending and looking for the same councell which shal by the common consent of the Euāgelike Churches both of hygh and lowe Germanie Fraunce Englande and other quarters of Europe bee agreed vpon they purpose to follow keepe all such orders as shall generally bee set down by the said churches And to the end that this libertie and exercise being established and assured the traffick whereupon hangeth the whole wealth of this countrie myght haue a more ample course which as yet is and still remaineth a thing very vncertaine by way of tolleration that it woulde please your maiestie according to your wonted clemencie and benignitie to confirme this benefite by an especial graunt and grace ratified by the general estates of this Countrie for the same purpose assembled And as for your supplyants it is so farre off that by the meanes of this lybertie they entend to alter the politike gouernment as to chāge the prince to refuse the paying of taxes tollages customes tributes c. As their aduersaries openly slaunder them that contrariwise in witnes of theyr affection and loue towards you in the bestowing of that they haue in your seruice in acknowledging of your grace and fauour and as a newe homage in ratifiyng of theyr othe and fidelitie and to graunt and acknowledge that this priuilege of libertie exercise of theyr religiō whiche they requyre loke for at your maiesties hāds encreaseth their harts to dedicate and consecrate both theyr bodies and goods in your seruice and offer to giue the day of the graunt of the said fauour and grace which you your selfe shall finde to be a sufficient caucion or pledge ouer and besides the imposts customes and other extraordinary contributions the summe of three millions of Florins wherewith they will furnishe you by a reasonable daye assigned towards the defraying of your maiesties ordinarie char ges heere in these countries promising further not to come into any of the Romish Churches neither yet to trouble or let eyther by force or otherwise the seruice of theyr religion Humblie beseeching your S. to take well in woorth this offer and small present at your humble subiects handes proceeding from such heartes as desire nothing els but the establishment of Gods seruice and your maiesties with the benefite quiet and prosperitie of these countries And we trust that your maiestie will not thinke it any strange thing for subiects hauing receyued some notable fauour and rewarde from their naturall Prince to acknowledge themselues thankfull for the same according to theyr small abilitie by such a like meane As also it is no new thyng for such grace and benefite to haue beene graunted vnto subiects

as by the example of that mightie Emperour Alexander surnamed Seuere well appeareth who beeing an Heathen Prince an Idolater gaue leaue to the Christians whom hee tooke to bee heretikes to haue Churches in Rome beyng the chiefe citie within his dominion and also of the Emperour Constantine surnamed Constantine the great because that contrarie to the order of his Predecessors hee licensed the Christians to haue certain places for theyr meetings euen as the Heathen had theyr Temples In doing whereof he surpressed an infinite number of quarrels staied the apparant effusion of blood ruled his Empyre peaceably and by mean of this accord his authoritie prospered and hee dayly encreased And if any man shall put into your maiesties head that it is another thing to suffer christians to haue the exercise of theyr religion then heretikes as it pleaseth some to esteeme of vs first of all our preachings prayers and exercise of religion doe right well shewe vs to bee Christians and neither Heretikes nor yet Idolaters which we are readie more at large to verifie if it shall please your maiestie to giue gentle and safe audience Moreouer if so bee that we were as notable heretikes as the Iewes Arrians and Nouatians yet the present example of the Pope who callyng hymselfe the head of the Churche and sayth he cannot erre doeth not only mayntaine the lewes the very professed and sworne enemies vnto our Lorde Iesus Christe but also suffereth them to haue theyr Synagogues and the exercise of theyr religion within his own citie of Rome and in diuers other places vnder his subiection And besides all this the examples of the Catholique and wel instructed Emperours which haue graunted Churches to the Arrians and Nouatians may bee a great quieting to your conscience And chiefly your late father of most hygh and inumcible memory the Emperour Charles the fifth wh● by the aduise of the Estates of the Empire graunted the like to the Protestants in Germa nie notwithstanding that hee tooke them to bee heretikes as also the Frenche king not long sithence hath doone vnto his subiects All which doynges ought to quiet and content your maiestie to graunt vnto vs this grace vntill suche tyme as by the consent of all christendome wee might all agree in one and the selfe same religion and manner of diuine seruice By meane whereof both your maiestie and also these countries shall without all doubt receiue great blessing and prosperitie for so much as God vndoubtedly shall bee serued through the auoyding of a very great most apparant and pitifull effusion of blood and that your Countries shal be peaceably maintained wtout beyng thrust out as a pray vnto your neere neighors the merchaunts and in habitants of the Countrie remaine in suche safetie as that all suche and many others as are gone out of the Countrie for the selfe same cause shall haue occasion to reforte thyther agayne with theyr goods tytles and trades Lastly all these matters by this meane beeing brought to a quietnesse and contentation both to one and other the countries shall floryshe more then euer they did with an increase of your crowne and dignities and all men shall bee so muche the more bound continually to pray vnto the Lorde for the prosperitie and high estate of your maiestie Subscribed by your maiesties humble subiectes the Citizens and inhabitants of your Citie of Antwerpe professing the Gospel so farre foorth as they are therein permitted for somuch as it toucheth and apperteineth vnto them as members of the supplyants in this behalfe THis Supplication was exhibited by the handes of Marke Peres with the assistance of Giles de Graue Charles de Bombergue Giles Vander Banderies Francis Godin Henrie Vander Broecke Cornill de Bombergue Thomas van Geer Iohn Carlier Nicholas de Vmier Nicholas Sellyn as deputies and in the name of the supplyants of the member of Antwerpe vnto my Lorde the Count of Hoogstrate gouernour for his maiestie and to the right worshipfull the Burroughmasters and Shierifs of the saide Citie of Antwerp assembled in the colledge of the same Citie in the presences of the right worshipful the Margraue Allemman the 27 of October 1566 betwixt 12. and 1. in the afternoone When the Counte Hoogstrate had seene this supplication The suppil● on sent to the Lady regent hee sent it to the Ladie Regent and to the councell that were with her that it might bee sent to the king with conuement and meete commendation to the ende the fame myght take good effect A thyng so necessary ●ouing Reader as thou in thy wisdome and discretion maiest iudge and vnderstand But so soone as the Regent and Gouernours of the lowe Countries had seen ●he contents thereof they thought it to bee but a proude and arrogant bragge of theyr riches and great treasure euen to engen der in the hearts of man●e honorable personages some sinister and lewde suspition as if the Protestants had made this supplication to drawe vnto them thereby strange princes and great potentates to the end they might haue aide and succour of souldiers Howbeit notwithstanding all this the people gaue not ouer to deuise bethink thēselues of all the meanes possible they could not only with the Dutches who was not to be intreated but also with the no●ilitie who had promised although they were in the selfe same predicament and danger that the people was as may appeare by the ende of this tragedie to accomplish new promises and to forsake theyr fayth for the libertie of consctence protestyng notwithstanding that for the exercise of the religion they woulde doe all possible duetie that might bee for the obtayning thereof But sith that shee had not giuen her promise the subiects should bee founde giltie of all the mischiefes that shoulde come in the lowe countries about that cause Wherefore the Lorde Heury Brederode The L. of Brederode exhibiteth the supplication by the nobilitie appointed for that purpose required the 15. of Februarie 1567. the Lady Dutches that hee might haue audience albeit shee had forbidden him to come within the citie of Bruxelles notwithstanding he so behaued hym in his businesse as that the supplication was deliuered vp into her own hands wherin was shewed to her highnes that the people could no longer abide and suffer the great contempt and horrible persecutiō which the catholiks vsed towards them and therfore had implored and lamentably besought the assistāce of the nobilitie that by them they might obtaine the performance of that which was agreed vpon And therefore seeing they sawe that no contract could take effect but by the consent of both parties and that the one party making default the other had great reason to complaine Duer and besides this sith they were appointed vnto her highnes as pledges and answerable for the Protestāts who at that present by reason of the catholikes breaches of promise they found themselues greatly greeued they could do no lesse then speake vnto

at one choppe almost to the ground by meane whereof one ioynt falleth from another When this is done the hangman giueth him the second and third charge and then getteth hym vp and thus this vnnaturall torture and horrible torment lasteth from niene of the clocke vntill it bee eleuen or twelue When the prysoner continueth constant and will confesse nothyng hee is carried to the Churche where the Barbour Surgeons put him to three tymes somuch paine The patient beeing in this miserable estate they will him to bee confessed or shriuen whereupon they finde of what religion hee is and if so bee that hee will confesse himselfe to the Priest they haue a notarie hid behinde some clothes to write and note all the prysoners confession because hee maketh him to speake distinctly and a loude Then the Priest telleth him That hee hath power aucthoritie to deliuer him out of the handes of the fathers Inquisitors By these and such like words they sometimes deceiue and beguile the poore prysoners for if they confesse any thing they bring their owne testimonie against them to render them punishable Then the Inquisitors giue it opēly out both abroad and in the prison that the prysoner hath confessed enough and besides hath accused and named all his companious and fellow brethren although it bee nothyng so Which thyng causeth the neighbours that haue hearde of the great crosses of the patient accuse thēselues before any body els hath accused them because they woulde be reconciled to the fathers and Inquisitors of the faith thinking they shoulde bee out of all danger when as they had once confessed their faults The hurte and sicke prysoners are carried to an Hospitall where the Surgeons and seruitours of the Hospital deale reasonably with them vntill suche time as they are carryed backe againe to pryson The Notarie and Gailor or keeper of the pryson twise a moneth visit the prysoners to see them haue such necessaries as they want and to finde fault with those which eyther take away theyr victuals from them or doe them any hurt When the day of giuing sentence and of execution draweth neere to wit two dayes before they sende for the prysoners whome the Inquisitors commaund to tell and she we them of all theyr moueable and vnmoueable goods willyng them to conceale nothing to the end that they which are in their houses bee not accused of theft or that they themselues by the iudgementes of God fall not dead to the grounde as Ananias and Saphyra his wife did at the Apostles feete because they lyed and kept backe some of their goods The night before the day appointed they are shryuen that day in the morning the officers of the Inquisition bryng vnto them Saint Bennets furniture of apparrel which is a gally cassocke without fleeues much like vnto the Romanes clokes couered with blacke linnen cloth And vpon their heads they haue a Bishops myter made of paper vpon which is painted a man sitting by the fire The sentence of heretikes and the man aforesaide hath his hands bound to his necke who first is led about the flame and afterwarde to the fire When he is brought to the place of execution the schollers goe singing before him and as many as are condemned in any pecuniarie or bodily punishment on eyther side of them follow the Seriant of the Inquisition and besides two Fryars or Iesuites to exhort and admonish the citizens ouer besides there followe the sworne officers Iudges Presidents Gouernours and Lieuetenants of the king for that Countrie with many Noble men Gentlemen being al assembled together in theyr pallaces Moreouer there are the Priests and Chapiter of the cathedral Church Abbots and Pryors and a great many moe to shed innocent blood But the aduocate Fiskal and the Atturney generall ryde also vnto the place of execution hauing a banner of red damask carried before them on the one side wherof is armes richly imbrodered with the name of the Pope who hath confirmed and established the Inquisitors on the other side armes and the name of king Ferdinando and on the toppe of the pole of the banner head is a siluer crosse gylt There are also on horsebacke the fathers Inquisitors of the faith and their officers After this so honorable a troupe followe a great multitude of people who come twentie mile of to this goodly feast they goe all together vnto a great plaine where two scaffoldes are set vp the one for the accused and the other for the fathers Inquisitors amongest whome one of them maketh an oration in the prayse and honour of the Inquisition and in the discommending and abolishyng of all heresies This oration beeing ended one beginneth openly to pronounce the iudgements vpon the poore pacients orderly one after another beginning first with these that haue the most gracious easiest kinde of punishment After the publication of these sentences the chiefe and head Inquisitor singeth certaine collects to wit Oremus and Quaesumus for the conuertes praying also vnto God that it would please hym of his meere fauour and grace to graunt them perfeuerance in the Romish catholike faith vnto their liues ende When hee hath thus saide al the Cleargie sing the Psalme Miserere mei deus which being ended the Inquisitor singeth certaine versicles whom the singing men answere in theyr musical notes crying yelling and bleating out like calues as they are Last of all the saide Inquisitor singeth the absolution whereby the penitents are absolued of the errour of heresie but not of the punishment or paine which is incontinently to be executed with out fauour or mercy yea contrary to all right and reason After that this absolution is giuen the Inquisitors cause an oth to hee ministred to the people to wit that they shall liue and die in the faith obedience and religion of the Romish Church and shall defend the same and the Inquisitors in all points and against al men hazarding theyr bodies against all such as would do them any hurt or set vpon them Ouer and besides that they shall renounce and abture whatsoeuer is contrary to the dectrine and institutions or ceremonies of the Romish church Moreouer that they shall withall their power and might defend the holy office and all their officers ministers or seruants therof taking both one and other to witnes for the safetie assurance of the matter And if therebe amongest these penitents or conuertes any Cleargie man The degrading of priestes bee hee religious man or Priest that is founde to haue deserued lesse punishment then death that man is degraded onely by wordes This degradation is done by the Bishoppe clad in all his pontificalibus and by none other by which hee is interdited from the administration of his office benifice and Priestly dignitie vntill such time as the Pope shall haue absolued enhabiled againe or restored hym to his dignitie But yf the fathers Inquisitors haue condemned and iudged him to death

a Counseller of the councell of estate and gouernour of the county of Bourgoyne of Holland Zealande and the honour of Vtright by which may well be vnderstoode the great good will and louing affection that his Ma. beareth him and contrariwise the vnthankfulnesse of the sayde Prince who hath otherwise behaued himselfe and against all the duetie of a true and faithfull subiect Which Prince hauing forgotten both his honour othe fidelity geuen and promised vnto his Maiesty hath shewed himselfe to be the originall cause defender fautor of all the rebels traytours who foorthwith after his Maiesties departure out of the low countries with others many moe haue sought by al meanes possible to inuest and take possession of the sayd low countries chalenge vnto himselfe the whole gouernment And besides that after many practizes without regard of promise faith and fidelity hath by armes gone about to aduaunce and oppose him selfe against his saide Maiesty and sacke his countrey of Brabant whiche hath as yet taken no effect onelie because hee is not of power and force able to bring it to passe and yet neuerthelesse he hath secretly practized to suborne his Maiesties subiectes and perswade them to leaue of the good affection and obedience whiche they haue alwaies borne vnto his Maiestie Insomuche that their good affection shoulde bee conuerted into horror and ill wil vnder the pretence of Religion persuading them by secrete deuises that his Maiestie woulde bring into Brabant the Inquisition of Spayne and that they ought to set themselues against it As also the sayde Orange hath heeretofore encouraged and stirred vp the greater part of the nobilitye to confederate with him by othe to oppose them selues against the ordinaunces and commissions whiche so long agoe haue byn obserued in the countrey of Brabant Moreouer that the saide Orange hath helde within his houses as well at Breda as at Bruxelles secrete congregations and assemblyes to ayde assist and comfort one another as also haue heere and there put themselues in armes against his Maiestye Ouer and besides the L. of Brederode being made Captayne chiefe of the Gueses hath taken in hande by the counsell of the sayde Oraunge to fortifie his Towne of Viane against his Maiesties forces yea and that at Antwerpe although it belongeth vnto his highnes he caused souldiers to bee leuyed notwithstanding his Graces commandements before published to the contrary which souldiers were carried downe by water with all kynde of prouision to Viane as also the sayde Orange sent vnto the sayde Brederode certayne peeces of Artillery and in some places forbidding the receiuing in of any of his Maiestyes garrisons and taking from his maiestye the entraunce to the water Furthermore as he was sent to Antwerpe to appease the troubles and sedytions of the Citizens hee tooke vppon him to doe more then was his Commission in sufferyng all Heretykes and sectaryes to haue the liberty of their religion and gaue his consent that they might buylde Churches and erect Consistoryes whiche hath beene the very originall as all men well knowe of all the mischiefes which followed and hath also accorded and suffered to cause there to be leuyed and disbursed money for the paying and entertayning of souldiers with many other thinges by him committed which the saide Attorney generall in time place if the necessity of the cause shal require wil more at large declare all whiche doyngs tend to none other end but to enioye the countrey of Brabant which of right apperteineth vnto his Maiesty wherein he hath most grieuously endangered him selfe vnto his Ma. so that he is no way to be excused but woorthy to be punished and hys faultes and offences to be layde wyde open before his face Wherefore the Attorney General beseecheth his highnes to graunt an Inditement of high treasō to be drawē against Orāge with this clause For so it is our wil pleasure When his Ma. had cousidered of the articles which the Attorney Generall had set downe he willed and commaunded that euery man to the vttermost of his power should ayde and assist the said Attorney Generall for the taking of the sayd Orange Prisoner and to send him with a sufficient guard to Bruxelles to the Duke of Alua his graces trusty and welbeloued Cosin Lieuetenant to whō this thing was especially committed that he might be punished for an example to all others according to the qualitie of his offences transgressions and rebellion and if so be he cannot be taken and layd holde on let him be cyted by publike edictes vppon paine of confiscation of all his goodes personally to appeare peremptorily within fifteene dayes before the sayde Duke of Alua at Bruxelles or some other place of the low Countries to aunsweare to all suche Articles as his Maiesties Attorney Generall shall laye to his charge And if so be he appeare not at the day prefixed appoynted then let the Duke of Alua proceede against him according to the declaration aforesaid simply and without any other solemnitye of ordinary lawe and Iustice But in case he bee gone out of the lowe Countries as his Ma. is so aduertised his Graces expresse will is that the inditemēt be read in the city of Bruxelles by a publike edict and a copy thereof set vp vpon the doores of the Towne house and vpon all the church doores whersoeuer this Inditement shal be published to the end he shal not pretend ignorance which Inditement shall be of as great force as if it had byn read pronounced before Oranges owne face The same day was likewise indited and summoned A Citation against the count of Hoogstrate Anthonie de la Laing Connt of Hoogstrate to appeare before the Duke of Alua to defend himselfe and aunsweare vnto the Articles set downe by the Attorney Generall in forme following howe that the Lorde of Hoogstrate euen from his youth had beene by his Meiestie aduaunced vnto great honour and dignitie and especially to the order of the golden fleese and to bee one of the bande of his Maiesties owne ordinaunce And besides to Honourable Ambassades to the Emperour and to other Princes whereby he might very well consider of the singuler affection that his Grace bare him and of the good meaning hee had to exalt him in time to come to a farre higher degree of honour Yet notwithstanding hee forgetting these benefites and degenerating from the vertue of his Predecessors and Auncestors who alwayes behaued themselues towardes their natural Lord as true and faithfull subiectes hath so muche forgotten himselfe as that he hath with all his power and might assisted and taken parte with the Prince of Orange fauouring him both with his counsell and otherwise to set forward the troubles whiche two yeeres past had byn in his Maiesties low countries And first the saide Hoogstrate did assist treate and talke of in his castle with the Prince of Orange and his Adherentes of maltitious and seditious counsels whereat his

assembly at Deuremond But these noble men doe trust and sticke to their innocency concluding none otherwise but to propounde to the Dutchesse the contente of this letter and to keepe them selues safe from it And that which might be herein more talked of hee trusted that the Lordes which were then in prison had more at large declared the same And as concerning the rest of the articles of the inditement to wit that the Prince had counselled the L. of Brederode to fortifie and fense his castle of Viane against his M. that is a very lie and against all truth But this is true in deede that about certain yeeres past the prince himselfe being at Vyane the L. of Brederode said vnto him That the L. his father had appoynted him as it were by will to make vp the ditches and rampares of Vyane already begun whereupon he answered that for the accomplishing of his fathers will he would doe it But there was not a word spoken of the king neither had he once the heart to attempt any thing against him And as touching the aduice of fortification the nobilitie were in all times at their free choise and livertie to fortifie their Mannors when it pleased thē Moreouer Viane with all the iurisdiction thereunto belonging properly apperte●neth to the L. of Brederode and although his ancesters haue bin in sute for it yet hath the L. of Brederode continued stil in peaceable possession Wherfore there can be no matter of treason concluded vpon in this behalfe for that talke which they had together was nothing els but about the fortifiyng of the sayd Town but no mention was made of his Maiesties affayres and this conference was long before the time of these troubles As touching the other point that the Prince suffered the Lorde of Brederode to leuie men of warre at his pleasure in the Citie of Antwerpe and sent secretly to Vyane certayne munition against the Dutchesses Countermaund The P. answereth that hee came to Antwerpe to deliuer the Citie from those suddayne troubles and when hee vnderstoode the case he aduertised the Margraue thereof who neuer founde out any thinge of the matter but onely suche as were sytting at a table hauing Commission to leuie men howbeit they secretly got themselues away True it is that the Prince offered vnto the Lorde of Brederode certayne peeces of Artillery that were made at Vtright howebeit this was long before these troubles and at that time it was about his Maiesties seruice so that hee coulde not refuse them seeing that Vyane was not farre from Vtryght and beesides hee had also required and demaunded them And as concerning those pointes that the Prince should forbid the receiuing of his Maiesties garnisonnes into certayne places and Townes especially in Zelande where hee him selfe had sent men of warre to take vp the place and stoppe his Maiesties enteraunce by sea As for the garnysonnes the Prince saith that he neuer had it once in his thought to forbidde them and if in case it be true they ought to tell when and at what time and in what place this geare was wrought Notwithstanding when he was in Zealand he was aduertised that there was a practise to take Zealande if it were possible which was a matter of great importaunce and therefore hee commaunded the Lorde of Boxtell that no Garnison shoulde be receiued without his leaue for that is the maner of all Lieutenaunts But when hee was afterwarde aduertised by the Captayne of the Rammekins which was vnder his charge that two hundred of the Dutchesses souldiers were there arriued requiring to haue the Castle opened vnto them which the Captayne denied howebeit hee was afearde of some muteny and sedition by reason his people were vnpaide and the Castle but hardly bestead with victualles hee commaunded him that no man shoulde entre into the Castle without the Dutchesses commaundement and his leaue whereof the Dutchesse being aduertised was well pleased and sent them their pay although the Dutchesse had been before otherwise informed whiles shee lay at Bruxelles and he in Antwerpe and if the saide souldiers had entred the Castle he must haue answeared it Moreouer the Antwerpians desired that they might haue no garnisons thrust into their Citie promising to be alwayes obedient vnto his Ma. and neither spare body nor goods to doe him seruice no not once to hinder him in these affayres It is very true that certeine small vessels were laden with souldiers to come to Antwerpe who for the common quiet of the City could not bee suffered to enter wherefore they sayled towardes Zeland where they were forbidden stayed for comming on land Insomuch that they inforced through famine to returne to Antwerpe and as it is sayde that as they were in the L. of Brederode his seruice being about a mile from Antwerpe to wit at Easterwell and comming on lande were there discomfited When the reformed Churches of Antwerpe heard of this they armed themselues to help the said souldiers which caused a great alarme within the citie so that the Prince in the ende appeased the same without the effusion of any citizens blood By which bee gaue them to vnderstand that he neuer pretended to attēpt any thing in Zealand which might any way tend to the hinderance of any of his maiesties deuises practises But in that he would not receiue garnisons into the country and townes he did that for the auoiding of all dissention and to keepe the subiects in peace vnttie Wherfore the prince greatly marueileth that such great learned men as would be so well thought of would set downe and propound such matters as neuer can nor shal be any way verified There is besides in the Articles of this inditement declared that the prince was sent to Antwerpe to appease the troubles but that he suffered the exercise of all hereticall Sectes indifferently Whereunto he answereth That hee expressely tolde the Counsell that it was impossible for him to stay those of the religion notwithstanding that he woulde be as carefull to do what so euer lay in him to be done as a man mought be Insomuch that all the Townsmen gaue him great thankes for the appeasing of the troubles through his aduise and counsell The Magistrate of the Citie and not he suffered the building of the Churches and the exercise of the religion for the aueyding of a greater offence and mischiefe The Consistories were ordeyned before he came thither yea euen before the publique preachings and to meete from thenceforth with al troubles he permitted them a way or meane whereby all the circumstaunces of the affayres that might suddenly happen might be talked vpon and dealt withall and did not belieue that his Maiestie by this occasion coulde any way be endemnified seeing it serued more for the keeping of his subiects in peace and tranquilitie For the last Article where it is sayde that hee shoulde ordeyne impositions and exactions or leuie money for the paying of souldiers hee fayeth

it grew to the Alarme wherevpon a cornet of horsemen entred the Towne howbeit they taryed there but a while and the last of this moneth the Spaniardes brought in 13. or 14 peeces of great ordinaunce The 6. of Auguste Seigniour Chiapin Vitelli entred into Harlem to content and satisfie or at least wise to agree with the soldiours on his maiesties behalfe for their payes wherwith the Spaniards were no whit sory The 7. of this month the soldiours of Lazarus Muller with their Captaines were conducted out of the Towne by certeine footemen and horsemen And when they had brought them neere vnto Niewer church they were discharged by captaine Broeckhuyse soldiours and others The next morrow at night the Spaniards gaue the Alarm and Simon Scorl who therby thought to escape was taken prisoner The same day the Citizens and al the Walon Captaines were brought to Scooten which was no small griefe to their friendes The 11 of this month about three hundred what of Englishmen French Scottes and walons who till then lay in prison were beheaded And the day ensuing was Don Fredericke captaine generall of the Spanish camp most triumphantly brought into the Citie For it was agreed vpon that euery man shoulde haue 30. crownes a peece for his wages The 15. The Bishop of Harlem hassoweth the great Church of August being one of our Lady dayes Godfray de Amerlede Byshop of Harlem verye solemnly hallowed saint Bauons Church And besides hee soonge masse whereat Don Frederick was present Immediatly after that the Ghospel was soung the bishops secretary propounded vnto the said Don Frede. 9. articles which he in euery conditiō promised to obserue by an oth confirmed the same in the presence of the sayd bishop The 16. of this moneth the Spaniards came into the cathedral Church of Harlem to passe the musters but because they would haue abated them their prest money they departed thence without any more to doe Howbeit the next day following they came againe to the Church to receiue their money so departed the towne for the siege of Leyden Neuerthelesse after they had long consulted of the matter they encamped before Alkmer frō whēce in the end they went with smal honour The same day so soone as the Spaniardes were gotten out the Almaynes entred And the next morrow 18. Walon Captaynes and ensignes were beheaded at Scooten The 19. day were beheaded on the Spittle key certaine souldiers which lay sicke in the saide Spittle and the Citizens which were carried to Scooten were brought backe againe to the citie The 21. day a general pardon was proclaymed for al the Citizens 57. excepted which pardon together with the name of the Citizens shall hereafter be set downe The 20. of August the chiefe of the sworne Brotherhood assembled all the sworne men out of euery Brotherhood were 12. Pioners chosen to serue in the campe of Alkmer about to be besieged by the enimie The 21. of August The siege of Alkmer the Spaniardes pitched their campe before Alkmer to besiege it and so straitely beset it as that no manne was able to passe either in or out Ouer and besides they fortified them selues sundry dayes with many Fortes or trenches giuing sundry Alarms both by day and night wherupō the Souldiers and Citizens had many times occasion giuen thē to skirmish The 15. of September at night the townes men had surprised the Spaniards trenches without Groenenbergh and brought with them a rich butin to the towne a Spaniarde also named Iohn Ieronimo who discouered vnto them many secret enterprises which the townes men afterward found to be very true and amōgst other things he said be of good courage my maisters for our men intend to batter the towne giue the assault the 20. of this moneth and if they then winne it not they will remoue and a way The night ensuing the enemy sūmoned the towne at the prison gate twise The 18. of this moneth the enemy began the battery against the towne with 20. canons euery bullet weighing 40. pounds continued it from morning to night hauing spent in that while to the number of 2036. bullets And at 3. of the clocke in the afcernoone they began the attempt at the Fishmarket gate the red tower for 3. houres together howbeit they were agayne lustely answeared both with great shot Harquebuzes Holberdes wild fire and stones at the handes of men women and children so that a great number of the enemies were there well cooled and besides the townes men had drawne vp into the towne the two bridges which were made for the Assault The same day the Spaniards gaue another Assault about the salt pannes howbeit they were driuen to retyre with the losse of a great manye of their people The 20. of September the enemy againe saluted the towne with 800. canon shot was arranged of purpose to giue the assault howbeit the Citizens so lustely aunsweared thē with theyr great ordināce as that they beat their assault bridge al to fitters And besides the citizens womē childrē had prepared an hotter messe of pottage for them then was at the first Assault The night ensuing the enemy gaue them two Alarmes and the next night after that three but thanked be God no hurt was done The 22. of this moneth was braue skirmishing to the enemies cost For a Walon souldier of the enimtes campe came to the Towne and sayde that at the former Assault were aboue 600. souldiers slayne and very neere 300. hurt by reason wherof as also because of the great raine that fel they were agreed to remoue their campe The 25. of the said moneth and foure dayes after the Spaniards embarqued all their great ordinaunce spoyle sauing sixe peeces The same day the towne coyned 10500. Tinne dollers to pay the souldiers The thirde of October three of the principall Tentes of the campe were taken away and the enemie burnt Buckler house And the next morrowe the rest of the great ordenance was enbarqued The fift of the said moneth the Alkemerans issuyng out of the towne tooke from the enemie a great barke laden with spoyle and the enemie burnt Coedike The sixth of this moneth the enemie forsooke certaine Forts or trenches which the townes men sacked and brought the butin to Alkemer And the eight day the enemie set fyre on an house standing neere a myll called the Rint myll and so tooke Outdorpway and from thence to Bergue Whereupon the Citizens pursued the enemie and in the flight did them muche mischiefe The tenth of October in the afternoone the enemie forsooke theyr principall quarter and trenches whiche was neere to the newe gate whome the Citizens pursued euen to Heylos and Costell greatly annoying them and besides brought backe with them to the towne good store of butin Thus was the good Citie of Alkmer by Gods helpe and their lustie defence deliuered from the enemie for the which bee all bonour glory and prayse vnto the Lorde

caused to sounde the retraite Nowe this retraite could not bee without the losse of the princes people especially of those whiche were with the Admyrall of ziericksea There were amongest this company certaine French gentlemen Captaines as Catteuille Durant and Guileresse who were too too forwarde with theyr souldiers against the enemie for they had gotten with their barkes behinde the turf heapes not farre from the enemies houses trenches thinking to haue set them on fire But the Admyrall retyring without any noyse and not knowing them to bee so farre foorth the enemie perceiuing them to bee there so lustily assailed them with such a great number of boates as that Catteuille Guileresse and seuen souldiers moe by reason of the reculing of their barke were drowned But Durant and certaine souldiers with him saued thēselues by swimming neuerthelesse the enemie as it was after well knowne receiued a farre greater losse through the shooting off of the great ordenance For their boates were full fraught with their dead hurt and gald men and carried to Vtright Insomuch that some scoffing fellowes iested and saide That fryers Gray was very deare ware because that whosoeuer woulde goe to the Popes heauē must needes bee buryed in a Fryers Minors coule and the time was that they would put them coffyn all into the coule when as they carryed them very vnsauery from the campe as commonly it fell out both at Amsterdam and also at Vtright where they are buried in the body of the Church And although the princes armie had with the great ordenāce merueilously annoied the enemie as had also the valiant souldiers of the Colonels of the Baron of Noyelle and of the Captaine of the guarde yet it shoulde seeme that they wonne no great matter by it For the water rose not so high as they looked for and that was by reason of the infinite thousandes of hassocks which sucked vp the water the winde also serued them to no pur pose and besides the enemie vsed many and sundrie meanes to draine the water aside Moreouer the said bridge was marueilous strongly fortif●ed and againe the boates which had the demie canons in them woulde otherwise haue beene trimmed so that it seemed all that cost and trauell to be vtterly lost and themselues at their wits end Howbeit the Lorde God purueyed for them two maner of wayes to wit first by reason of the Nottheast wynde which blew vp a mightie gabe the 18.19 20. dayes of September secōdly through the good counsell that was giuen to M. Peter Wastell one of his Excellencies counsell who in this dealing was very diligent and carefull for as he was deuising with two countrie men they told him that they needed not passe by that bridge seeing they might passe the way called Segwart lying betweene Soetermeir and Benthouse When the councellour heard thus much he tolde it to his Excellencie and returning to the campe sate hereupon in councell with the Admiral Noielles the Captaine of the guarde and with certaine estates of the Admiraltie and they all concluded as abouesaid And heereupon Admyral Boysot accompauied with Wastell aforesaide with the guard eight gallies and senentie souldiers directed his course that night towards Segwart way and there arriued before such time as the enemie had any vnderstanding of them for the vice Admyrall lay with the armie before the said Soetermeir bridge Nowe when they had gotten this way the Captaine of the guard desired Citadelle an Italian Gentleman and the Baron of Noielles Lieuetenant to fortifie and entrench with Vawgiraut and halfe the souldiers on Benthouse side And master Bochart with Captaine Ladriere and the other halfe of the souldiers on Soetermeir side And the meaning here of was this that although the whole force of the enemie should sodenly breake vpon them yet thought they hereby safely to returne to their ships howbeit all in vaine for the enemie seeing himself deceiued had no great stomacke to ferrit them out and the Almaines who lay at Benthouse so soone as night came shewed a faire payre of heeles they which lay at Soetermeir in the morning forsooke their trench retired towards Leyden to wit towardes Northaske Soeterwouwe Kyrkwegge Weyport carrying with them their artillarie and fortified themselues in manie houses Now the treaches in Segwart way were not finished withoute the great trauell of the princes people who labored all that night vp to the knees in the water the wind mightilye blowing at the North-East The next morrow Admirall Boysot sent the Captaine of the guarde to looke for the armie which through Gods mightie hand arriued there without the losse of any one man The Almaines aforesaid were no sooner gone frō Benthouse but that captaine Ladriere had gottē their trench When the Princes people were passed Segwart way hauing set on fire the houses which stood on Soetermeir way Captaine Cret an Orengian arriued at Soetermeir with three companies of souldiers and the arke of Delft This Arke The arke of Delft was a strange buylt and trymmed vessell well furnished with great ordenance but very noysome to the armie by reason of the lownes of the water insomuch that they thought once to haue burnt her but because shee had in her betwixt fifteene twentie peeces of greate ordenance they founde the meanes to bring her to the foresaide place that ryding there shee might keepe the passage This Arke was built of two shippes ioyned together and was rowed neither with sprites nor ores neither yet oriuen with the helpe of any sailes but by wheeles wrought within her so very strongly built all ouer as that no musket shot was able to pearse her She was of burden able to beare fiftie lustie men for defence and twelue to turne the wheeles The next morrow they were determining whether they should goe on or tarrie a while longer The Admirall Boysot thought it best to pursue the enemie reculed and to the ende that both the Leydens and also the enemie might descrie him a farre off hee was resolued to take this enterprise in hande with twentie Gallies and appoynted the rest of the armte to follow him Wee haue heeretofore spoken how the vessels which beare the demie Canons were riuen with the force of the Canon But because they had neede of them they were speedily new calked pitched and tallowed at Delft and beeing trimmed with leadde and salt bydes against the force of the pouder they folowed the armie the thyrde day after The Admirall hauing sailed not passing a myle from benthouse was tolde as it was ghessed that aboute the waters which ranne downe towardes Norta that the enemy might strengthen himselfe in certayne houses thereabout howbeit when they had inquired after it the thing was found to bee farre otherwise wherfore he mad towards Norta and got him euen within a musket shot thereof where hee might perceiue how that betweene two or three hundred well armed Almaines had left two houses and were

Rhyin fiue great gallies and well appointed boates howbeit they wanted maryners As these thinges in this wise most lamentablie stoode the most mightie God and Lord of Hostes who on extreeme necessitie neuer forsaketh his hauing compassion on his miserable afflicted ones woulde needes she we foorth his strong and out-stretched arme for the deliuerie of his desolate people out of the hands of a Tyrant Wherefore he sent the windes his Ministers The waters by reason of the windes arise vp merueylously who so violently blew vp as that the waters arose and wonderfully ouerflowed For besides the great ouerslowing of the waters the Northeast winde wonderfull violently blewe vp and brought againe the fallen water vpon the face of the earth who so prospered the Southeast winde as that it draue the same water towards Leyden Insomuch that the Princes armie which before as abouesaid had but niene ynches of water had then aboue two feet and an halfe and was able to passe euen at the first ouer the high fieldes vnto Ryrkweigh aforesaid if at any time they saw the water faile thē then would ten or twelue men goe out of euery ship and so lighten her that she might flote afterward passed ouer Kirkweigh wherefore they tooke their course towardes the quarter in the night betwixt the first second of October after they had giuen a false alarme vnto Stompwyke way The order of this armie of the princes by Sea The order of the princes armie at Sea passing ouer the said high Territorie was ranged placed in maner as followeth The Admiralles of Flushing Ziericksea had followyng ech of them fifceene gallies which spred themselues abrode like two winges And first Admirall Boysot accompanied with the Colonell of the guard had the leading of the left wing on Soeterwood side because it was thought that the greatest force of the enemie lay there The Admiral of Zericksea had in his company master Citadell Bultran captaine Paule Duyrant and others The vice Admirall was placed on the right side of Suyten accompanied with the Baron of Noieles master Cornes Bourchart and with Captaines Henrie Grenu Philip de Asseliers master of the ordenance and warlike munitions was appointed to tarry with the great ordenance eight or ten gallies vppon Norta for the keeping of the victuals vntil such time as the said admirals had gotten Ryrkweigh aforesaid that then hee shoulde follow and brauely salute the Soeterwoodens with the greate ordenance which ordenance was charged with pretie little bags stuffed full of leaden bullets to wit 300. in euery bagge finely and artificially couched and those to be dispearsed amongest the thickest of the enemie When all things were thus orderly arranged placed the armie departed about midnight the day aforesaid and the Gallies and ships were seuered an harquebuze shot one behind another hauing in the middest about eighteene or twentie Barkes laden with Pyoners and all kindes of tooles for entrenching to the ende they myght so soone as it was possible fortifie themse lues at the said Church way But the Spaniardes had appointed so great a watch in their small vessels as that it might haue serued for the whole bodie of a ward And when they saw the Admirall somewhat neere they called aloud and said Who is there who is there but not a worde was giuen them vntill suche tyme as the Admyrall was gotten within Gun shot and then he so saluted them with the roaring and thundring of the Canon as that the night seemed to bee day This watch answered them againe with caliuers muskets and certaine faulconet shot and then left their vessels by little and little retyred still playing with their small shot vntill they had goten to the body of their ward which was entrenched at euery corner of the way Then salied they brauely out on euerie side fiercely deliuering their muskets against the Orengiās but the Zealanders so resaluted them with such on haile of Bullets as that they were driuen with great losse to retyre to their trenches leauing there behinde them onely a few souldiers to maintaine the skirmish who soone after also made their retrait The Orengland skirmish brau●ly against the Spaniards for the French Captaines the captaine of the guard Bultran and Bourchart went on land and entrenched themselues on Soeterwood side and Grenu Ladriere and others on the right side In the mean while that they were quietly entrenching of thēselues before the day breake the Zealanders plaied frō their ships with their canons vpon the Soeterwoodens but chiefly where they saw any fire or light and shot fier also into some of their houses The Maryners french souldiers which were on land cast fier likewise into diuers of their houses The captaines aforesaid returning on both sides from the skirmishe stucke thicke into the grounde all alongst the way stakes with long yron pykes at the ende of them to the end that the enemie being once driuen from that way might neuer returne thither againe Now when the Orengians had taken this Churche way entrenched themselues placed a ward there they gawged it in three places to make a way for the passing of their gallies In the mean while the ships laden with victuals being about an hūdred were sent away and arriued all neere the armie two excepted which going out of the right way fell on the dry land and so consequently into the handes of the enemie And surely here is one thing greatly to be considered of that in the feates and deedes of armes of so great importance doone in the sight and middest of the whole force of the enemie there were not aboue fiue or sixe men of the Princes side slaine But to say truly this was Gods worke and not mans for the good GOD when it pleaseth hym keepeth and defendeth his euen in the greatest and most perillous dangers to the ende hee woulde shewe vnto Tyrants and proude men that hee is able to abase and throwe downe the power and strength whereof they so highly bragge that thereby he might make his glory magnificence and prayse appeare the greater When all the whole armie by Sea and victuallers had passed that way The Admirall of Flushing directed his course towardes the meere bridge Neuerthelesse after he had sayled a little way where he thought to haue found it deepest it proued very shallow And then the Zealanders shewed themselues to bee men of great stomacke for they for the vnburdening of theyr ships leapt presently into the water and like men that had rather haue carried theyr vessels away vpon theyr shoulders then to haue leaft them by that meanes got to Meerbrough When the Spaniardes and the rest which lay encamped about Soeterwood Church in diuers Trenches had seene the next day in the morning which was the second of October that the Prince his armie had not as yet directed her course towards Leyden thought that because they saw all on a light

God would needes shewe his mightie hand and stretched out arme to the end that all glory might be giuen to his heauenly wisdome and goodnesse And wee are not here to forget a very great and merueilous accident to wit that the selfe same night wherein the Spanyarde forsooke the Forte of Lammen there fell downe a pane of the wall and vauntmure of the Towne betweene the Cow gate and Bourgoine Tower sixe and twentie Poles longe so that there was a breache made without any batterye If the Enemye had had this aduauntage before to wit two or three nightes before when as they thought in the night by scale to haue surprised the Town at Hoogewoert Gate which they scaled and thought to haue wonne because a fonde younge Wench had giuen them to vnderstande that the watch was very small Howbeit they founde it otherwise For before such time as three Harquebouzes were discharged they all retyered No doubt of it they might haue thought the same to bee as woonderfull a thing as the Citizens nowe make of this hurte and feare onelye excepted because that theyr breache was made without batterye But it pleased the Lorde GOD to deale otherwise with the Citizens for they in steede of takinge of harme receiued benefit For the great noyse was it that encreased the feare of the Enemye by reason they thought that the Citizens had salied out of the Towne to charge them in the face and the Orengers on the backe and therfore had the Townsmen so much the more cause to prayse the Lord. When the Admyrall was come to Leyden hee forthwith wrote to his Excellencye sying at Delft how that God had striken the Enemy with such an horrible feare as that they hadde forsaken the fort of Lammen which was the cause of his entrye into the Towne This Letter was caryed to his Excellency the 3. of October and deliuered vnto him at two of the clock in the afternoon being at the Sermon which without all doubt were other maner of newes then that came in the morning Wherefore so soone as the French Sermōs were finished he caused the minister openly to reade the Letter most thankfully and ioyfully praysing the Lord. The like also was done at the 2. great churches so that these newes were ioyfully spred all ouer in a verye great Company and Congregation of the people and in his excellencies presence The same also was done in the rest of the Towns of Holland with bonsters and such like tokens of ioye After that the Admyrals had thus victualled the Towne of Leyden thanked and praysed the lord of his grace encouraged the Cytizens and filled them with meate they pursued the victorye and fell vppon the Enemye that laye entrenched about Leyerthorpe The Trenche at Leyerthorpe was wonderfull stronge and they which lay there greatly bragged and tolde the messengers which came thyther of their merueilous force which tended as it nowe fell out to their greater shame and the Lordes far greater honour and more villanously forsooke the Fortes and Trenches of Haye and the Oldwatring where they had remained a full yeare and a daye For a very small number of the Princes Vauntcurrers which as it is sayde was not aboue a dosen put two of the Enemies Ensignes to flight some of which fled with such speede as that they ceased not running vntill they came to the gates of Amsterdame saying in their own excuse that all the whole Campe was discomfited and put to flight At the same time likewise did Baldez his people forsake not onely Gaude scluse Trenches but also all the rest to the number of two and twentie saue Wadding alone where remained certeine souldiers for the freeing of the passage Nowe in this voyage and expedition there were no moe of the Princes parte slaine then fortie but of the Enemies by theyr own confessiō aboue a thousand Howbeit here is one thing not to be forgotten which the sayde Baldez lefte in his Lodginge to wit the Towne of Leyden pyctured with all her royall wayes pathes and Channelles of water and all in such maner as they were guarded and defended with fortes And when he was enforced to rayse his Campe A few Lattin words written by Baldes he wrote vnder this Pycture Vale Ciuitas valete Castelli parui Quia relicti estis propter aquam non per vim Inimicorum That is to saye Farewell Leyden and all the small Castelles about thee for the Waters haue dryuen vs out of you and not the force of the Enemy I confesse in deede that the waters were one of the principall meanes to cause Baldes leaue the Town and Trenches But if he woulde haue spoken truely he should haue sayde It is the myghtye and strong arme of the Lorde which hath enforced me to leaue you who hath put me in such a terryble feare as that Antiochus neuer fledd out of Persia with greater dishonour neither Timothe towards Gazara nor yet Lysias frō the Machabees then I and my people O Leyden haue bin driuen to leaue thee and all my fortes When his Excellency had heard of the foresaide newes His Excellence goeth to 〈◊〉 he went the next day to Leyden giuing the citizens great thanks both for their fidelity and also for their so valiantly defending of themselues without souldiers against so populous an enemy and therefore told them that both they and their children should be well rewarded for their great trauell And afterward he set an order in euery thing as wel about the affaires of the Towne as of the warres to the end he might make his profit of the victory which the Lord had giuen him Howbeit for the greater manifestation of the wonderful works of GOD I haue one thing more heere to speake of whiche is not to be passed ouer in silence and that is this that the foure of October the winde being then at the Southeast the next 3. or 4. daies following so lustely blowing vp at the Northeast as that no mā without great danger was able to paste frō Delft to Leyden because the water as fast as was possible left the fields and returned againe to Sea Ouer and besides the victuals aforesaid which were brought to Leyden his Excellency and his counsel thought it good that all the rest of the Townes round there about should ayde and assist the poore famished Leydens to the ende that the miserable soules who had so long time got nothing but consumed al their moueable goodes might be holpen and so the rich mens victuals thereby last the longer For which cause the deputies of Delft went all Delft through with their Waggons and Boates gathering amongest the Citizens great store of Bread Butter Flesh Cheese Lard Fish and money to the value of a 1000. Florins and better Which did not onely mightely helpe the poore but also so eased the rich as that the Towne was therby likewise reuictualled which encreased not only a farre greater amity betweene the Townes but

voyde and of none effect And the same with all their Actes and Actitates drawne and set doune in writyng shall be made voyde and razed out of their Registers without it be needefull for the takyng of some other Instructions or els for the obtainyng of some other tolleration then this present Treatie Neuerthelesse what soeuer Incorporation Rightes Customes Priuiledges Prescriptions aswell Legale Conuentionale Customary as Locale nor yet any other exceptions what soeuer to the contrarie whiche herein or in any other matters els concernyng the saied troubles shall bee voyde and of none effect as beyng thynges if neede were hereunto especially derogatorie neither is a setled lawe any generall derogation without there bee some former mention thereof made 11 It is alwaies prouided that herein shall bee comprised for the enioiyng of this present benefite the right honorable Ladie now wife to the right noble Count Palatine of the Rhine Elector sometyme the Lord of Brederede his Widowe so farre forthe as concerneth the Countrie of Vyane and the rest of the Goodes and Possessions there wherein the saied Countesse Palatine or any other that taketh her cause in hand maie haue lawe and Iustice 12 There shall likewise herein be comprised the Count Buren so farre foorth as toucheth the Citie and Castle of the Countrie of Buren and the same inioye as his owne proper Gooddes and Possessions after that the Garnison is displaced 13 All the Pillers Trophees Inscriptions and other Monumentes whiche the Duke of Alua caused most dishonorably and shamefully to bee erected and set vp aswell of the thynges aforesaied as of what soeuer thyng els shall be defaced and vtterly destroyed 14 As concerning the commodities of the Lordshippes and Possessions aforesaied the Arrerages and Reuenues of Dowries Rent Victuall House rent aswell the Kyng Countrie Cities and Townes as also all other thynges what soeuer before the date of this presentes and yet neither paied nor receiued by his Maiestie or hauyng his Action euery man maie receiue his owne Goodes and rentes and quietly enioye them 15 Prouided alwaies that what soeuer of the saied Landes Reuenues Rentes or Goodes hath beene escheated sithence the Feast of Ihon Baptist last past in the yeare 1576. shall remaine and be aunswerable to the behoofe of him to whom it belongeth notwithstandyng that the receiuer fiscall or any other haue receiued any of the reuenues of those Lands Rentes and Goodes whereupon in suche a case a restitution shall be made 16 That if so be his Maiestie shall haue for certaine yeares taken or els giuen vnto him any of the said House rents or other reuenues vnder the title of confiscation that euery man shall for those yeares bee holden as franke and free and acquited of all charges reall and rentes goyng out of his Possessions and shall bee also at all tymes franke and free and acquited of all Rentes wherewith the Landes and Possessions are charged whiche thei could not quietly enioye by reason of the troubles past and accordyng to the full rate of the tyme of the saied Estoppell whiche thei could enioye because of the occasion aforesaied that then so fell out 17 And as for moueable Goodes and all suche shorte endes whiche were on either side robbed solde or otherwise chopped and chaunged that no man looke for any recompence of them 18 And as for the immouable Goodes as Houses Rentes and Reuenues whiche vnder the title of confiscation are solde or chopped and chaunged the generall Estates shall appoint some of the saied Estates in euery Prouince to be Commissioners to examine the saied Controuersies if any suche bee and prouide that reasonable satisfaction bee made aswell to suche to whom those thynges of right appertained as also to the buyers and sellers of the Possessions and Rentes aforesaied in respect of their euiction 19 The like also shall be doen about the Arrerages of rents and Obligations Personalles and all other pretenses and plaintes whiche the Losers on either side by reason of the troubles would bryng in and conuence in what maner soeuer 20 That all Prelates and all other Ecclesiasticall parsons whose Abbaies Monasteries Foundations and Residentships whiche lye without the Countries of Holland and Zealand and yet haue their Possessions and Goodes in the saied Countries shall enter into the proprietie and enioiyng of their saied gooddes and Possessions as heretofore they had doen as if they were seculer 21 But as touchyng the Cloysterers and suche other like Churche men whiche are in the saied Prouinces and their Associates professed or Prebenders and haue absented them selues or gone awaie from thence by reason that the greater parte of their goodes and possessions are taken from them To these shall from hencefoorth be allowed a reasonable portion to liue by with those that remaine or otherwise thei shall be permitted to enioye their Possessions How be it at the appointment of the Estates altogether by waie of tolleration and vntill suche tyme as vppon their further pretence it shall bee otherwise appointed by the generall Estates 22 It is also moreouer agreed that all Grauntes Exhereditations and other disposed goodes Interviuos vel causa mortis made and graunted by perticuler and priuate persones by whom the true enheritors either by reason of the troubles or of the Religion are disturbed made no bodies or vtterly dishenerited of their due succession shall by vertue of these presentes be voyde and of none effect 23 And whereas the Hollanders and Zealanders for the better defrainyng of the charge of the Warres haue set on hier price of euery peece of Golde and Siluer then the rest of the Prouinces can allowe of without losse It is conditioned that the deputies of the generall Estates so sone as thei can possible shal take aduise for the settyng in of a generall foote thereto to the ende that the saied money might runne as egally as could bee for the maintenaunce of this vnion and the mutuall entercourse of Marthaundrise 24 Moreouer to the ende that vppon the supplication made by the Deputies of Holland and Zealand all the lowe Countries in generall might bee charged with all the debtes whiche the Prince hath contracted for about the makyng of the two expeditions whereunto bothe the Hollanders and Zealanders and the Prouinces and Cities whiche yeelded them selues vnto the last expedition were bounde as thei saied the same point is left vnto the discretion and decidyng of the said generall Estates wherein when all thynges shall be appaised suche a reporte or declaration shall therein bee made as that a meete and conuenient regarde shall be had about the same 25 And in this common accorde and pacification the Countries Seigniories Lordshippes and Cities whiche are on the contrarie parte are cleane exempt from the enioiyng of this benefite vntill suche tyme as thei haue in deede conioyned themselues with this confederacie whiche when it pleaseth theim thei maie doe Whiche treatie and pacification accordyng to the relation agrement and truste aswell of the