they are to keep pure and to hand down faithfully according to these words And the things which thou hast heard of me among many witnesses the same commit thou to faithful men who may be able to teach others also upon this he prepares the Bishop for difficulties to endure hardness as a good Souldier of Iesus Christ. And according to that Figure since those that go to war do not carry unnecessary burdens with them which may encumber and retard their march he adds no man that warreth entangleth himself with the Affairs of this life that he may please him who hath chosen him for a Souldier upon this it is that all those Canons which have been made in so many Ages of the Church against Church-mens medling with secular Affairs have been founded than which we find nothing more frequently provided against both in the Apostolical Canons in those of Antioch in those made by the General Council of Calcedon and in divers of the Councils of Carthage but this abuse had too dâ—ep a root in the nature of man to be easily cured St. Paul does also in this place carry on the Metaphor to express the earnestness and indefatigableness of Clergy-mens Zeal that as Officers in an Army were satisfied with nothing under Victory which brought them the Honours of a Triumph so we ought to fight not only so as to earn our pay but for Mastery to spoil and overcome the Powers of darkness yet even this must be done lawfully not by deceiving the People with pious frauds hoping that our good Intentions will atone for our taking bad methods War has its Laws as well as Peace and those who manage this Spiritual warfare ought to keep themselves within the Instructions and Commands that are given them Then the Apostle changing the Figure from the Souldier to the Workman and Steward says study to shew thy self approved unto God not to seek the vain applauses of men but to prefer to all other things the witness of a good Conscience and that in simplicity and godly sincerity he may walk and labour as in the sight of God a Workman that needeth not to be ashamed rightly dividing the word of Truth This is according to the Figure of a Steward giving every one his due portion and a little after comes a noble Admonition relating to the meekness of the Clergy towards those that divide from them The Servant of the Lord must not strive but be gentle to all men apt to teach patient in meekness instructing those that oppose themselves if peradventure God will give them repentance to the acknowledging the Truth This is the Passage that was chiefly urged by our Reformers against the Persecution that the Roman Clergy did every where set on against them The extent of it ought to be well considered that so it may not be said that we are only against persecution when it lies on our selves for if it is a good defence to some it is as good to others unless we own that we do not govern our selves by that rule of doing to others that which we would have otherâ— do to us In the next Chapter we find the right Education of this Bishop and that which furnishes a Clergy man to perform all the duties incumbent on him From a Child thou hast known the Holy Scriptures which are able to make thee wise unto Salvation through faith in Christ Iesus That is the Old Testament well studied by one that believed Iesus to be the Messias and that was led into it by that Faith did discover to a Man the great Oeconomy of God in the Progress of the Light which he made shine upon the World by degrees unto the perfect day of the appearing of the Sun of Righteousness and to this he adds a noble Character of the inspired Writings All Scripture is given by inspiration of God and is profitable for Doctrine for reproof for correction for instructing in righteousness that the Man of God may be perfect throughly furnished unto all good works The Apostle goes on and gives Timothy the most solemn Charge that can be set out in words which if understood as belonging to all Bishops as the whole Church of God has ever done must be read by them with trembling I charge thee therefore before God and the Lord Iesus Christ who shall judge the quick and dead at his appearing and his Kingdom preach the Word be Instant in Season out of Season reprove rebuke exhort with all long suffering and doctrine that is with great gentleness in the manner and clearness and strength in the matter of their Instructions and a little after watch thou in all things endure affliction do the work of an Evangelist make full proof of or fulfill thy Ministry And as a consideration to enforce this the more he tells what a noble and agreeable prospect he had in the View of his approaching dissolution The time of his departing drew nigh he was ready to be offered up as a Sacrifice for that Faith which he had so zealously and so successfully preached and here we have his two great preparatives for Martyrdom The one was in looking on his past life and labours I have fought a good Fight I have finished my Course I have kept the Faith The other was in looking forward to the Reward that Crown of Righteousness which was laid up for him which the Lord the Righteous Iudge would giâ—e him at that day and not only to him but also to all those that loved his appearing and certainly more especially to those who not only lovâ—d it themselves but who laboured so as to dispose others also to love it To all these considerations though nothing needed to have been added to one upon whom they made so strange an impression as they did upon Timothy yet one comes after all which ought to teach us to work out our Salvation with fear and trembling since St. Paul tells Timothy that Demas one of the Companions of his labours had forsaken him and that which prevailed over him was the Love of this present World These are the Rules and Charges given by St. Paul to Timothy and in him to all the Bishops and Pastors that were to come after him in the Church Some of these are again repeated in his Epistle to Titus where we have the Characters set out by which he was to prepare and examine those Elders or Bishops who were to rule the House of God that those being well chosen they might be able by sound Doctrine both to exhort and convince the Gainsayers and that he might do his duty with the more advantage he charges him to shew himself in all things a pattern of goâ—d Works in Doctrine shewing uncorruptness gravity sincerity and using such sound Speech as could not be condemned that so those who were of the contrary Party the Iudaizers who were studying to corrupt the Christian
in himself in secret He must also be imploying himself so well in his private Studies that from thence he may be furnished with such a variety of lively thoughts divine meditations and proper and noble expressions as may enable him to discharge every part of his duty in such a manner as may raise not so much his own reputation as the credit of his Function and of the great Message of Reconciliation that is committed to his charge Above all Studies he ought to apply himself to understand the Holy Scriptures aright to have his memory well furnished that way that so upon all occasions he may be able to enforce what he says out of them and so be an able Minister of the New Testament This is in short the Character of a true Clergy-man which is to be more fully opened and enlarged on in the following parts of this Book All this looks so great and so noble that it does not appear necessary to raise it or to insist on it more fully Indeed it speaks its own dignity so sensibly that none will dispute it but such as are open Enemies to all Religion in general or to the Christian Religion in particular and yet even few of these are so entirely corrupted as not to wish that External Order and Policy were kept up among men for restraining the Injustice and Violence of unruly Appetites and Passions which few even of the Tribe of the Libertines seem to desire to be let loose since the Peace and Safety of Mankind require that the World be kept in Method and under some Yoke It will be more sutable to my design to shew how well this Character agrees with that which is laid down in the Scriptures concerning these Offices I shall begin first with the Names and then go on to the Descriptions and lastly proceed to the Rules that we find in them The name of Deacon that is now appropriated to the lowest Office in the Church was in the time that the New Testament was writ used more promiscuously For the Apostles the Evangelists and those whom the Apostles sent to visit the Churches are all called by this name Generally in all those places where the word Minister is in our Translation it is Deacon in the Greek which signifies properly a Servant or one who labours for another Such Persons are dedicated to the immediate Service of God and are appropriated to the Offices and Duties of the Church so this term both expresses the dignity and the labour of the Imployment The nâ—xt â—rder carries now the name of Presbyter or Elder which tho at first it was applied not only to Bishops but to the Apâ—sâ—lâ—s themselves yet in the succeeding Ages it came to be appropriated to the Second Raâ—k of the Officers in the Church Iâ— either signifies a Seniority of Age or of 〈◊〉 in opposition to a Neophite or Novice one newly converted to the Faith but by common Pâ—actice as Senate or Senator being at first given to Councellors by reason of their Age came afterwards to be a Title appropriate to them so the Tâ—tle Presbyter altered in pronunciation to be in English Priâ—st or Elder being a Character of respect denotes the Dignity of those to whom it belongs But since St. Paul divides this Title either into two different Ranks or into two different Performances of the Duties of the same Rank those that rule well and those that labour in Word and Doctrine this is a Title that speaks both the Dignity and likewise the Duty belonging to this Function The Title which is now by the Custom of many Ages given to the highest Function in the Church of Bishop or Inspector and Overseer as it imports a Dignity in him as the chief of those who labour so it does likewise express his obligation to care and diligence both in observing and overseeing the whole Flock and more specially in inspecting the Deportment and Labours of his Fellow Workmen who are subordinate to him in the constitution of the Church yet ought to be esteemed by him in imitation of the Apostles his Brethren his Fellow-Labourers and Fellow-Servants Next to the Names of the Sacred Functions I shall consider the other Designations and Figures made use of to express them The most common is that of Pastor or Shepherd It is to be remembred that in the first simplicity of Mankind for many Ages men looked after their own Cattel or employed their Children in it and when they trusted that care to any other it was no small sign of their Confidence according to what Iacob said to Laban The care of a good Shepherd was a Figure then so well understood that the Prophet expresses God's care of his People by this of his feeding them as a Shepherd carrying his Lambs in his Bosom and gently leading them that were with young Christ also calls himself the Good Shepherd that knew his Sheep and did not as a hireling fly away when the Wolf came but laid down his life for his Sheep This then being so often made use of in both Testaments is an expression of the great Trust committed to the Clergy which likewise supposes a great a constant and a tender care in looking to in feeding or instructing in watching over and guarding the Flock against Errors and Sins and their being ready to offer themselves to the first Fury of Persecution The Title of Stewards or Dispensers which is the most honourable in a Household is also given to them These assign to every one his due share both of Labour and of Provision these watch over them and have the care and order of the other Servants assigned to them So in this great Family of which Christ is the Hâ—ad the Stewards are a Post of great Digniâ—y but also of much Labour they ought to be observing the rest of this Houshold that they may be faithful in the distribution and so encourage admonish reprove or censure as there is occasion for it They are also called Ambassadors and that upon the noblest and desirablest Message for their business is to treat of Pâ—acâ— between God and Man to them is given the Word or Doctrine of Reconciliation they are sent by Christ and do speak in God's Name as if God did beseech men by them so do they in Christ's stead who is the Mediator press men to be reconciled to God Words of a very high sound of great Trust and Dignity but which import likewise great obligations An Ambassador is very solicitous to maintain the Dignity of his Character and his Master's Honour and chiefly to carry on that which is the main business that he is sent upon which he is always contriving how to promote So if the Honour of this Title affects us as it ought to do with a just value for it we ought at the same time to consider the Obligations that accompany it of living suitable to it answering in some sort the Dignity and Majesty
A DISCOURSE OF THE Pastoral Care Written By the Right Reverend Father in God GILBERT Lord Bishop of SARUM LONDON Printed by R. R. for Ric. Chiswell at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard MDCXCII OF THE PASTORAL CARE Imprimatur JO. CANT Maii 5. 1692. TO THE QUEENS Most Excellent MAJESTY May it please Your Majesty THE Title of Defender of the Faith is so inherent in the Royal Dignity and so essential a part of its security as well as of its glory that there was no need of Papal Bulls to add it to the Crown that Your MAJESTY now wears You hold it by a much better Tenure as well as by a more ancient Possession Nor can one reflect on the Pope's giving it to King Henry the VIIIth without remembring what is said of Caiaphas that being High Priest that year he Prophesied For since that time the true Faith hath been so eminently Defended by our Princes and that of both Sexes we having had our Pulcheria's as well as our Constantine's and our Theodose's that this Church has been all along the chief strength and honour of the Reformation as well as the main Object of the envy and spite of those of the Roman Communion But tho Your MAJESTY'S Royal Ancestors have done so much for us there remains yet a great deal to be done for the compleating of our Reformation especially as to the Lives and Manners of men This will most effectually be done by obliging the Clergy to be more exemplary in their Lives and more diligent and faithful in the discharge of their Pastoral Duty And this Work seems to be reserved for Your MAJESTIES and designed to be the Felicity and Glory of Your Reign To serve God by promoting this Great and Glorious Design which is so truly worthy of Your MAJESTY'S best care and endeavours I have purposely written this Treatise which I do with all humility Dedicate and present to Your Sacred MAJESTY May that God who is the King of kings and hath bless'd us with Two such Excellent Princes preserve You Both long to us and make You as happy in us as we are in You May You Reign over us till You have accomplished all those Great Designs for which God hath raised You up and with which He hath filled Your Hearts And may this Church be made by Your means the Perfection of Beauty and the Ioy of the whole Earth These are the daily and most fervent Prayers of May it please Your MAJESTY Your MAJESTY'S Most Loyal most Humble and most Obedient Subject and Chaplain GI SARUM THE CONTENTS THE Preface Page i CHAP. I. Of the Dignity of Sacred Imployments and the Names and Designations given to them in Scripture Pag. 1 CHAP. II. Of the Rules set down in Scripture for those that minister in Holy things and of the Corruptions that are set forth in them p. 15 CHAP. III. Passages out of the New Testament relating to the same matter 28 CHAP. IV. Of the Sense of the Primitive Church in this matter 53 CHAP. V. An Account of some Canons in divers Ages of the Church relating to the Duties and Labours of the Clergy 84 CHAP. VI. Of the declared Sense and Rules of the Church of England in this matter 104 CHAP. VII Of the due Preparation of such as may and ought to be put in Orders 141 CHAP. VIII Of the Functions and Labours of Clergy-men 176 CHAP. IX Concerning Preaching 214 The Conclusion 241 ERRATA PRef p. 8. l. 21. for tue r. the. Book p. 27. l. 8. cancells r. excells p. 32. l. 9. declareth r. delayeth p. 57. l. 13. of r. to p. 108. l. 1. as as r. as at p. 133. l. 1. after not r. p. 147. l. 12. also him r. him also p. 148. l. 8. man r. men p. 154. l. 2. all this r. all this p. 192. l. 24. strongly r. strangely THE PREFACE THIS Subject how Important soever in it self yet has been so little treated of and will seem so severe in many parts of it that if I had not judged this a necessary service to the Church which did more decently come from one who how undeserving soever he is yet is raised to a Post that may justify the writing on so tender a Head I should never have undertaken it But my Zeal for the true Interests of Religion and of this Church determined me to set about it yet since my Design is to correct things for the future rather than to reproach any for what is past I have resolved to cast it rather into Advices and Rules into plain and short Directions than into long and laboured Discourses supported by the shews of Learning and Citations from Fathers and Historical Observations this being the more profitable and the less invidious way of handling the Subject It ought to be no Imputation on a Church if too many of those that are dedicated to her Service have not all the Characters that are here set forth and that are to be desired in Clergymen Even in the Apostles days there were false Apostles and false Teachers as one of the Twelve was a Traytor and had a Devil some loved the pre-eminence others loved this present World to a scandalous degree some of those that preached Christ did it not sincerely but out of contention they vied with the Apostles and hoped to have carried away the esteem from them even while they were suffering for the Faith for envying their Credit they designed to raise their own Authority by lessening the Apostles and so hoped to have added affliction to their bonds In the first and purest Ages of the Church we find great Complaints of the Neglects and Disorders of the Clergy of all Ranks Many became the Stewards and Bailiffs of other Peoples Estates and while they looked too diligently after those Cares which did not belong to them they even in those times of trial grew very remiss in the most important of all Cares which was their proper business As soon as the Empire became Christian the Authority the Immunity and the other Advantages which by the bounty of Princes followed the Sacred Functions made them to be generally much desired and the Elections being then for most part popular though in some of the greater Cities the Magistracy took them into their hands and the Bishops of the Province were the Judges both of the fitness of the Person and of the regularity of the Election these were managed with much faction and violence which often ended in blood and that to so great an excess that if we had not Witnesses to many Instances of this among the best men in those Ages it would look like an uncharitable Imputation on those Times to think them capable of such Enormities Indeed the Disorders the Animosities the going so oft backwards and forwards in the matters of Faith as the Emperors happened to be of different Sides are but too ample a proof of the Corruptions that had then got into the Church And
the question that he asked preparatory to it was Simon lovest thou me more than these from which they justly gather that the Love of God a Zeal for his Honour and a preferring of that to all other things whatsoever is a necessary and indispensible qualification for that Holy Imployment which distinguishes the true Shepherd from the Hireling and by which only he can be both animated and fortified to go through with the labours and difficulties as well as the dangers and sufferings which may accompany it When St. Paul was leaving his last charge with the Bishops that met him at Ephesus he still makes use of the same Metaphor of Shepherd in those often cited words Take heed to your selves and to all the Flock over which the Holy Ghost hath made you Bishops or Overseers to feed the Church of God which he hath purchased with his own Blood The words are solemn and the consideration enforcing them is a mighty one they import the Obligations of the Clergy both to an exactness in their own Deportment and to earnest and constant labours in imitation of the Apostle who during the three Years of his stay among them had been serving God with all humility of mind with many tears and temptations and had not ceased to warn every one both night and day with tears and had taught them both publickly and from House to House Upon which he leaves them calling them all to witness that he was pure from the Blood of all Men. There has been great disputing concerning the Persons to whom these words were addressed but if all Parties had studied more to follow the Example here proposed and the Charge that is here given which are plain and easie to be understood then to be contending about things that are more doubtful the good Lives and the faithful Labours of Apostolical Bishops would have contributed more both to the edifying and healing of the Church than all their Arguments or Reasonings will ever be able to do St. Paul reckoning up to the Romans the sâ—veral Obligations of Christians of all ranks to assiduity and diligence in their callings and labours among others he numbers these Ministers let us wait on our ministring or he that teacheth on teaching he that ruleth with diligence In his Epistle to the Corinthians as he states the Dignity of the Clergy in this that they ought to be accounted of as the Ministers of Christ and Stewards of the Mysteries of God He adds that it is required in Stewards that a Man be found faithful In that Epistle he sets down that perpetual Law which is the Foundation of all the Provision that has been made for the Clergy That the Lord hath ordained that they which preach the Gospel should live of the Gospel But if upon that the Laity have looked on themsâ—lves as bound to appoint so plentiful a Supply that the Clergy might have whereon to live at their ease and in abundance then certainly this was intended that they being freed from the troubles and cares of this World might attend continually on the Ministry of the Word of God and on Prayer Those who do that Work negligently provoke the Laity to repent of their bounty and to defraud them of it For certainly there are no such Enemies to the Patrimony and Rights of the Church as those who eat the Fat but do not preach the Gospel nor feed the Flock Happy on the â—ther hand are they to whom that Character which the Apostle assumes to himself and to Timothy does belong Therefore seeing we have received this ministry as we have received mercy we faint not but have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty not walking in craftiness nor handling the Word of God deceitfully but by manifestation of the Truth commending our selves to every man's Conscience in the sight of God In the Epistle to the Ephesians we have the ends of the Institution of all the Ranks of Clergy-men set forth in these words He gave some Apostles and some Prophets and some Evangelists and some Pastors and Teachers for the perfecting of the Saints for tâ—e Work of the Ministry for the edifying the Body of Christ till we all come iâ— the Vnity of the Faith and of the Knowledge of the Son of God unto a perfect man unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ. In these words we see something that is so vast and noble so far above those slight and poor performances in which the far greater part do too easily satisfie themselves that in charity to them we ought to suppose that they have not reflected sufficiently on the Importance of them Otherwise they would have in some sort proportioned their labours to those great designs for which they are ordained and would remember the Charge given to the Colossians to say to Archippus who it seems was remiss in the discharge of his duty Take heed to the Ministry which thou hast received in the Lord that thou fullfil it The Epistles to Timothy and Titus are the Foundation of all the Canons of the Church in these we have the Characters of Bishops and Deacons as well as the duties belonging to those Functions so particularly set forth that from theâ—ce alone every one who will weigh them well may find sufficient Instruction how he ought to behave himself in the House of God In these we see what patterns those of the Clergy ought to be in Word or Doctrine in Conversation in Charity in Spirit in Faith and in Purity they ought to give attendance to reading to exhortation and to doctrine that is both to the instructing and exhorting of their People They ought not to neglect that gift that was given to them by the laying on of hands they ought to meditate on these things to give themselves wholly to them that so their profiting may appear unto all and to take heed to themselves and their Doctrine and to continue in them for in so doing they shall both save themselves and those that hear them Those that govern the Church are more particularly charged before God the Lord Iesus and the Holy Angels that they observe these things without preferring one before another doing nothing by partiâ—lity by Domestick regards the considerations of Friendship Intercession or Importunity and above all that they lay hand suddenly on no man to which are added words of great terror neither be thou partaker of other mens sins keep thy self pure Which ought to make great Impression on all those with whom the Power of Ordination is lodged since they do plainly import that such as do ordain any rashly without due enquiry and a strict examination entitle themselves to all the scandal they give and become partners of their guilt which if well considered must needs make all such as are not past feeling use great care and caution in this sacred Trust. Bishops are the Depositaries of the Faith which
Crime that exceeded the Cruelty of High-way Men to receive that which belonged indeed to the Poor and to withdraw any part of it to ones private Occasions He concludes with this excuse That he had named no Person he had not writ to reproach others but to give them warning And therefore since he had treated of the Vices of the Clergy in general Terms if any was offended with him for it he thereby plainly confessed that he himself was guilty CHAP. V. An Account of some Canons in divers Ages of the Church relating to the Duties and Labours of the Clergy I Will go no further in gathering Quotations to shew the sense that the Fathers had in these matters these are both so full and so express that I can find none more plain and more forcible I shall to these add some of the Canons that have been made both in the best and in the worst Ages of the Church obliging Bishops and other Clerks to Residence and to be contented with one Cure In that at Sardica that met in the Year 347. consisting of above 350. Bishops two Canons were made the 11 th and the 12 th against Bishops who without any urgent necessity or pressing business should be absent from their Church above three weeks and thereby grieve the Flock that was committed to their care And even this provision was made because Bishops had Estates lying out of their Diocesses therefore they were allowed to go and look after them for three weeks in which time they were to perform the divine function in the Churches to which those Estates belonged Many provisions were also made against such as went to Court unless they were called by the Emperors or went by a Deputation from the Church upon a publick account There is not any one thing more frequently provided against than that any of the Clergy should leave their Church and go to any other Church or live any where else without the Bishops leave and consent nor is there any thing clearer from all the Canons of the first Ages than that they considered the Clergy of every Church as a body of men dedicated to its service that lived upon the Oblations of the Faithful and that was to labour in the several parts of the Ecclesiastical Ministry as they should be ordered by the Bishop In the 4 th General Council at Calcedon Pluralities do first appear for they are mentioned and condemned in the 10 th Canon which runs thus No Clerk shall at the same time belong to two Churches to wit to that in which he was was first ordained and that to which as being the greater he has gone out of a desire of vain glory for such as do so ought to be sent back to that Church in which they were at first ordained and to serve there only but if any has been translated from one Church to another he shall receive nothing out of his former Church nor out of any Chapel or Alms-house belonging to it and such as shall transgress this definition of this General Council are condemned by it to be degraded I go next to a worse Scene of the Church to see what provisions were made in this matter about the 8 th Century both in the East and in the West The worse that those Ages and Councils were it makes the Argument the stronger since even bad men in bad times could not justifie or suffer such an abuse In the year 787. the Second Council of Nice was held that setled the worship of Images The 15 Canon of it runs thus No Clerk shall from henceforth be reckoned in two Churches for every Church had a Catalogue of its Clergy by which the dividends were made for this is the Character of Trafficking and Covetousness and wholly estranged from the Ecclesiastical Custom We have heard from our Saviour's own words that no man can serve two Masters for he will either hate the one or love the other or cleave to the one and despise the other Let every one therefore according to the Apostles words continue in the Vocation in which he is called and serve in one Church For those things which filthy Lucre has brought into Church matters are contrary to God There is a variety of imployments for acquiring the necessary supplies of this life Let every one that pleases make use of these for furnishing himself For the Apostle saies these hands Ministred to my necessities and to those that were with me This shall be the rule in this Town which is guarded by God but in remote Villages an Indulgence may be granted by reason of the want of men It is upon this that the Canonists do found the first of the two reasons for which only they allow that a Dispensation for holding two Benefices may be lawful one is the want of fit and sufficient men for the service of the Church The foundation of the other will be found in the Canon which I shall next set down It is the 49 Canon of the sixth Council at Paris under Lewis the Good in the Year 829. this Council came after a great many that had been held by Charles the Great and his Son for purging out abuses and for restraining the Primitive Discipline These Councils sat at Frankfort Ments Aken Rheims Chalons Tours Arles and this of Paris was the last that was held upon that design In these all the Primitive Canons relating to the Lives and Labours and the government of the Clergy were renewed Among others is that of Calcedon formerly mentioned but it seems there was no occasion given to make a special one against Pluralities before this held at Paris which consisted of four Provinces of France Rheims Sens Tours and Rouen The Canon runs thus As it becomes every City to have its proper Bishop so it is also becoming and necessary that every Church dedicated to God should have its proper Priest Yet Covetousness which is Idolatry of which we are much ashamed has so got hold of some Priests and caught them captives in its Fetters that they blinded with iâ— know neither whither they go nor what they ought to be or do so that they being kindled with the fire of Covetousness and forgetful of the Priestly Dignity neglecting the care of those Churches to which they were promoted do by some presents given or promised procure other Churches not only from Clerks but from Lay-men in which they do against Law undertake to perform the Ministry of Christ. It is not known whether their Bishops are consulted in this matter or not if they are without doubt their Bishops become partakers of their sin but if they presume to do it without consulting them yet it is to be imputed to the Bishops negligence There is scarce a Priest to be found who warreth worthily and diligently in that Church in which he is dedicated to the Divine Service but how much less will he be able to do that worthily in two three or more Churches