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encourage_v i_o to_o go_v on_o with_o the_o second_o part_n where_o together_o with_o what_o immediate_o relate_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n i_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o treat_v more_o large_o than_o hitherto_o i_o have_v do_v of_o what_o have_v pass_v of_o late_a in_o those_o part_n but_o if_o i_o have_v the_o luck_n to_o be_v little_o read_v or_o much_o censure_v as_o this_o be_v my_o first_o essay_n so_o it_o be_v like_a to_o be_v my_o last_o the_o content_n chap._n i._n the_o rise_n of_o the_o house_n of_o esté_fw-fr and_o the_o share_n it_o bear_v in_o the_o great_a occurrence_n of_o italy_n during_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o huns_n vandal_n alain_n herule_v and_o ostrogoth_n pag._n 1_o chap._n ii_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o family_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o lombard_n p._n 12_o chap._n iii_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o family_n under_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o successor_n until_o the_o
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the_o court_n want_v bread_n in_o a_o few_o month_n many_o of_o the_o shop_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o the_o tradesman_n force_v to_o go_v into_o other_o city_n not_o be_v long_o able_a to_o maintain_v their_o family_n there_o the_o nobility_n find_v their_o condition_n very_o comfortless_a and_o those_o who_o have_v betray_v the_o duke_n in_o hope_n of_o preferment_n be_v just_o disappoint_v of_o their_o expectation_n the_o new_a government_n with_o new_a custom_n and_o heavy_a tax_n bring_v in_o stranger_n into_o most_o of_o the_o good_a office_n which_o the_o native_n enjoy_v under_o their_o duke_n so_o that_o even_o those_o who_o be_v most_o for_o a_o change_n if_o they_o have_v foresee_v what_o be_v to_o come_v will_v all_o as_o one_o man_n have_v sacrifice_v their_o life_n in_o the_o duke_n defence_n modena_n upon_o the_o other_o hand_n grow_v every_o day_n more_o populous_a and_o rich_a become_v soon_o sensible_a of_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o court_n for_o what_o be_v raise_v by_o tax_n seem_v rather_o lend_v be_v repay_v oftentimes_o with_o interest_n by_o the_o duke_n expense_n among_o they_o beside_o the_o nobility_n who_o former_o give_v their_o attendance_n at_o ferrara_n spend_v all_o their_o rent_n now_o at_o home_n so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o year_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v double_a in_o number_n to_o what_o they_o have_v be_v before_o the_o court_n come_v thither_o but_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o of_o sixty_o thousand_o person_n who_o the_o duke_n leave_v at_o ferrara_n after_o some_o year_n there_o be_v scarce_o half_a the_o number_n to_o be_v find_v there_o and_o at_o present_a as_o i_o be_v credible_o inform_v upon_o the_o place_n they_o can_v reckon_v twelve_o thousand_o and_o of_o these_o no_o inconsiderable_a part_n be_v jew_n some_o lane_n of_o that_o melancholy_a city_n be_v utter_o forsake_v most_o of_o the_o palace_n be_v ruinous_a and_o the_o chief_a street_n so_o little_o frequent_v that_o grass_n appear_v in_o many_o place_n in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v few_o instance_n of_o city_n which_o without_o suffer_v by_o any_o long_a siege_n or_o extraordinary_a casualty_n have_v decay_v fast_o than_o ferrara_n have_v do_v in_o little_a more_o than_o fourscore_o year_n since_o its_o union_n to_o the_o church_n ristretto_fw-it dell_fw-it ragioni_fw-la che_fw-it la_fw-it serenissimus_fw-la casa_n d'esté_n ha_o colla_fw-la camera_fw-la apostolica_fw-la fatto_fw-it all_o tempo_fw-la d'urbano_fw-mi 8_o vo_z dove_z si_fw-mi mostrera_fw-fr che_fw-mi fossae_n insufficiente_a è_fw-la lontano_fw-la della_fw-it ragione_fw-la il_fw-it pretesto_fw-it di_fw-it clement_n 8_o vo_z d'occupare_v li_n stati_fw-la del_fw-it duca_n caesare_n il_fw-fr pretesto_fw-it del_fw-it occupazione_fw-la hebbe_fw-it per_fw-la fondamento_fw-la la_fw-fr morte_fw-la del_fw-it duca_n alfonso_n 2_o do_v pretendendosi_fw-it che_fw-it lo_o stato_fw-it di_fw-it ferrara_n fosse_fw-la devoluto_fw-la alla_fw-fr sede_fw-la apostolica_fw-la
suppose_v that_o out_o of_o flattery_n or_o a_o design_n to_o promote_v their_o own_o fortune_n by_o better_v other_o man_n condition_n they_o will_v have_v condescend_v to_o publish_v a_o falsehood_n see_v there_o be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n the_o least_o appearance_n of_o this_o succession_n the_o four_o son_n of_o the_o former_a duchess_n lucretia_n borgia_n be_v then_o alive_a leander_n albertus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o italy_n treat_v of_o romagnola_n and_o speak_v of_o alphonsus_n the_o first_o use_v these_o very_a word_n he_o have_v three_o wife_n first_o anne_z daughter_n to_o galleazo_n sforza_n duke_n of_o milan_n then_o lucretia_n pope_n alexander_n the_o sixth_n daughter_n by_o who_o he_o have_v four_o son_n hercules_n the_o second_o hippolytus_n afterward_o a_o cardinal_n francis_n and_o alexander_n in_o the_o three_o place_n lucretia_n be_v dead_a he_o marry_v laura_n of_o ferrara_n a_o woman_n of_o mean_a parentage_n indeed_o but_o of_o most_o quick_a part_n and_o extraordinary_a prudence_n by_o who_o he_o beget_v two_o alphonsus_n word_n most_o plain_a and_o which_o prove_v not_o only_o the_o marriage_n but_o also_o the_o son_n he_o have_v one_o of_o who_o be_v alphonsus_n that_o we_o now_o mention_v this_o writer_n be_v a_o friar_n a_o subject_a of_o the_o church_n and_o contemporary_a with_o duke_n alphonsus_n he_o have_v occasion_n to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o business_n and_o if_o passion_n can_v at_o all_o have_v by_o ass_v he_o it_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v he_o will_v not_o have_v write_v for_o the_o marriage_n but_o against_o it_o jovius_n who_o be_v not_o only_o a_o most_o rare_a person_n but_o a_o bishop_n contemporary_a likewise_o to_o the_o above_o name_v duke_n and_o perfect_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o concern_v of_o prince_n discourse_v of_o the_o lady_n laura_n say_v but_o she_o be_v of_o a_o virtuous_a and_o chaste_a behaviour_n and_o in_o her_o beauty_n answerable_a to_o her_o part_n and_o be_v happy_o recommend_v by_o her_o fruitfulness_n he_o have_v she_o for_o his_o lawful_a wife_n and_o have_v by_o she_o two_o son_n both_o of_o who_o after_o his_o own_o name_n he_o call_v alphonsus_n by_o which_o we_o clear_o understand_v that_o duke_n alphonsus_n after_o he_o have_v get_v two_o son_n by_o she_o be_v charm_v with_o the_o singular_a virtue_n of_o the_o lady_n laura_n take_v she_o for_o his_o wife_n marcus_n guazzo_n in_o his_o annal_n of_o those_o time_n call_v the_o lady_n laura_n of_o ferrara_n duke_n alphonsus_n wife_n a_o woman_n of_o low_a extraction_n but_o for_o her_o prudence_n and_o part_n true_o noble_a both_o sansovinus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o illustrious_a family_n of_o italy_n and_o andrew_n teut_fw-fr a_o french_a author_n in_o his_o life_n of_o the_o illustrious_a man_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 53._o do_v testify_v the_o same_o and_o final_o marcus_z antonius_n guarini_n of_o ferrara_n though_o he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o church_n and_o write_v so_o long_o after_o the_o seizure_n of_o ferrara_n that_o he_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o his_o incur_v the_o pope_n indignation_n yet_o be_v constrain_v by_o truth_n he_o confirm_v the_o same_o in_o his_o historical_a compend_n of_o the_o church_n and_o pious_a place_n of_o ferrara_n to_o the_o abovementioned_a authority_n we_o must_v likewise_o add_v that_o of_o frederick_n scot_n a_o doctor_n of_o great_a reputation_n and_o that_o write_v also_o near_o those_o time_n who_o while_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v cons_n 4._o numb_a 17_o and_o 18._o tom._n 2._o lib._n 3._o that_o a_o prince_n may_v make_v present_n to_o his_o wife_n bring_v for_o a_o instance_n the_o present_v make_v to_o the_o lady_n laura_n when_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o duke_n alphonsus_n in_o these_o very_a word_n i_o can_v give_v a_o example_n in_o the_o present_v send_v by_o alphonsus_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n to_o the_o lady_n laura_n his_o three_o wife_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o beretarius_n who_o the_o duke_n marry_v in_o performance_n of_o his_o vow_n nor_o do_v the_o deposition_n of_o many_o witness_n that_o be_v examine_v in_o a_o legal_a manner_n since_o the_o loss_n of_o ferrara_n and_o which_o be_v still_o keep_v on_o record_n differ_v from_o the_o historian_n testimony_n from_o whence_o a_o public_a report_n and_o fame_n of_o the_o marriage_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v evident_o prove_v and_o some_o there_o be_v ready_a to_o take_v oath_n that_o they_o have_v see_v the_o lady_n laura_n treat_v by_o the_o duke_n himself_o with_o that_o honour_n and_o respect_n which_o be_v only_o due_a to_o a_o wife_n to_o this_o they_o add_v that_o she_o enjoy_v prerogative_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o none_o but_o a_o princess_n she_o be_v general_o respect_v as_o such_o not_o only_o by_o her_o subject_n but_o likewise_o by_o foreign_a prince_n and_o be_v by_o all_o treat_v with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o house_n of_o esté_fw-fr which_o surname_n she_o always_o take_v in_o all_o public_a and_o private_a write_n as_o do_v still_o appear_v by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o authentic_a instrument_n privilege_n order_n letter_n commission_n and_o the_o like_a she_o make_v use_v of_o a_o seal_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o esté_fw-fr in_o her_o order_n and_o letter_n she_o speak_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n we_o it_o be_v her_o custom_n when_o she_o go_v abroad_o to_o have_v gentleman_n before_o and_o lady_n in_o coach_n behind_o she_o and_o as_o a_o expression_n of_o that_o favourable_a fortune_n which_o from_o her_o low_a condition_n have_v exalt_v she_o to_o that_o pitch_n of_o greatness_n she_o have_v engrave_v upon_o her_o coach_n a_o sun_n with_o this_o motto_n for_o he_o who_o be_v great_a have_v magnify_v i_o and_o the_o duke_n her_o husband_n allude_v to_o the_o same_o have_v money_n coin_v of_o which_o very_o many_o piece_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v where_o our_o saviour_n be_v sit_v and_o a_o woman_n at_o his_o foot_n with_o these_o word_n thy_o faith_n have_v make_v thou_o whole_a which_o be_v a_o most_o manifest_a sign_n that_o he_o have_v exalt_v she_o to_o the_o eminent_a station_n of_o a_o wife_n all_o the_o time_n she_o survive_v her_o husband_n she_o go_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o widow_n which_o she_o have_v not_o do_v have_v she_o not_o be_v one_o from_o the_o honour_n and_o prerogative_n she_o enjoy_v in_o her_o life_n the_o say_a witness_n pass_v to_o the_o respect_n which_o be_v pay_v she_o at_o her_o death_n and_o they_o aver_v that_o duke_n alphonsus_n the_o second_o and_o cardinal_z lewis_z his_o brother_n with_o a_o train_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n do_v solemn_o accompany_v she_o to_o the_o place_n of_o burial_n the_o duke_n honour_v the_o funeral_n with_o mourning_n and_o the_o cardinal_n with_o the_o clothes_n which_o such_o prince_n use_v to_o wear_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o their_o relation_n the_o whole_a court_n put_v on_o mourning_n and_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v they_o do_v hang_v out_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o say_a lady_n quarter_v with_o those_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o esté_fw-fr one_o of_o which_o according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o witness_n be_v still_o preserve_v to_o who_o else_o can_v honour_n and_o respect_n of_o this_o kind_n agree_v but_o to_o the_o duke_n wife_n and_o how_o can_v ever_o duke_n alphonsus_n and_o cardinal_n lewis_n who_o be_v prince_n that_o in_o their_o carriage_n observe_v always_o a_o state_n and_o carriage_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n ever_o have_v suffer_v much_o less_o contribute_v by_o their_o presence_n towards_o her_o be_v treat_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o they_o have_v not_o real_o own_a she_o for_o a_o princess_n of_o their_o family_n final_o there_o be_v two_o authentic_a instrument_n verify_v by_o all_o the_o form_n of_o law_n which_o remove_v all_o manner_n of_o difficulty_n and_o be_v with_o great_a earnestness_n require_v and_o make_v by_o a_o notary_n in_o ferrara_n the_o one_o in_o the_o year_n 1550_o and_o the_o other_o in_o 1551._o the_o very_a word_n for_o what_o concern_v the_o marriage_n do_v agree_v and_o be_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v here_o set_v down_o the_o most_o illustrious_a lady_n the_o lady_n laura_n eustochia_n wife_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o excellent_a duke_n alphonsus_n late_a duke_n of_o ferrara_n modena_n and_o regio_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o hercules_n the_o second_o be_v then_o alive_a who_o have_v no_o kindness_n as_o every_o one_o know_v for_o the_o lady_n laura_n and_o her_o son_n will_v never_o have_v suffer_v that_o she_o shall_v have_v be_v false_o honour_v in_o public_a write_n with_o such_o like_a title_n as_o these_o and_o with_o those_o abovementioned_a there_o be_v another_o ancient_a instrument_n which_o agree_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o excellent_a lady_n laura_n of_o esté_fw-fr relict_n of_o the_o late_a most_o illustrious_a and_o excellent_a prince_n alphonsus_n of_o bless_a memory_n duke_n of_o ferrara_n etc._n etc._n be_v personal_o present_a to_o conclude_v the_o matter_n now_o in_o hand_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o here_o we_o treat_v of_o a_o business_n of_o some_o antiquity_n in_o which_o not_o only_o evident_a proof_n but_o likewise_o presumptive_a and_o conjectural_a one_o such_o as_o these_o be_v must_v be_v allow_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o we_o do_v not_o inquire_v now_o into_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o marriage_n for_o the_o marriage_n itself_o but_o only_o to_o make_v the_o succession_n legitimate_a for_o posterity_n in_o which_o case_n slight_a proof_n may_v be_v the_o better_o admit_v nor_o be_v it_o of_o small_a moment_n that_o the_o say_a marriage_n be_v solemnize_v before_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n because_o then_o so_o many_o formality_n be_v not_o require_v and_o the_o order_n that_o be_v make_v in_o that_o most_o holy_a assembly_n be_v for_o regulate_v future_a marriage_n and_o not_o those_o that_o be_v pass_v as_o it_o have_v be_v often_o declare_v in_o several_a supreme_a judicature_n nor_o will_v the_o original_a instrument_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v want_v which_o be_v require_v and_o make_v by_o john_n baptista_n sarachi_n a_o notary_n in_o ferrara_n if_o this_o and_o other_o paper_n relate_v to_o the_o same_o affair_n have_v not_o be_v withdraw_v by_o duke_n hercules_n for_o the_o grudge_n he_o bear_v as_o we_o have_v already_o hint_v to_o the_o two_o alphonsus_n his_o brother_n both_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o be_v the_o son_n of_o another_o mother_n and_o because_o he_o observe_v that_o he_o and_o their_o father_n duke_n alphonsus_n love_v they_o so_o very_o tender_o and_o thereupon_o grant_v they_o free_a and_o independent_a feud_n and_o considerable_a revenue_n nevertheless_o by_o divine_a providence_n so_o many_o proof_n still_o remain_v as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o discover_v the_o truth_n moreover_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o these_o motive_n and_o inform_v that_o don_n alphonsus_n be_v real_o legitimate_a by_o the_o marriage_n that_o follow_v not_o only_o declare_v the_o report_n which_o be_v give_v out_o to_o the_o contrary_a by_o ill_n affect_v person_n to_o be_v vain_a but_o do_v grant_v also_o the_o investiture_n of_o the_o imperial_a territory_n to_o i_o not_o as_o the_o successor_n simple_o of_o duke_n alphonsus_n the_o second_o but_o as_o to_o a_o prince_n name_v and_o comprehend_v in_o the_o ancient_a investiture_n of_o my_o progenitor_n and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o appear_v his_o majesty_n be_v move_v to_o do_v this_o without_o have_v first_o weigh_v well_o the_o business_n he_o accompany_v his_o declaration_n with_o the_o very_a word_n that_o follow_v that_o he_o declare_v this_o have_v deliberate_v well_o upon_o it_o and_o have_v take_v sound_a and_o mature_a advice_n about_o it_o the_o marriage_n be_v then_o prove_v by_o the_o credit_n of_o so_o many_o historian_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o so_o famous_a a_o lawyer_n by_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n that_o the_o lady_n laura_n be_v always_o treat_v as_o the_o duke_n wife_n during_o her_o life_n and_o at_o her_o death_n by_o title_n subscription_n seal_n arm_n habit_n and_o last_o by_o the_o emperor_n declaration_n it_o necessary_o follow_v then_o that_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o devolution_n of_o ferrara_n be_v overthrow_v because_o the_o marriage_n be_v thus_o prove_v it_o can_v be_v question_v but_o the_o child_n who_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v legitimate_a be_v real_o lawful_a and_o therefore_o capable_a of_o succeed_v to_o any_o estate_n whatsoever_o finis_fw-la