notwithstanding_o the_o lawgiver_n themselves_o the_o council_n likewise_o and_o the_o most_o eminent_a writer_n of_o that_o age_n when_o they_o declare_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o church_n therein_o affirm_v that_o fast_n be_v matter_n arbitrary_a that_o they_o appoint_v certain_a particular_a time_n of_o fast_v only_o for_o order-sake_n that_o the_o reason_n why_o some_o certain_a meat_n be_v forbid_v be_v only_o to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o such_o austerity_n they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o dispose_v for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n that_o some_o be_v permit_v to_o eat_v flesh_n 11._o and_o other_o prohibit_v namely_o such_o as_o may_v by_o eat_v scandalize_v other_o that_o prohibition_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o frame_v under_o pain_n of_o a_o mortal_a sin_n or_o damnation_n and_o in_o effect_n during_o the_o fast_a of_o lent_n the_o church_n refrain_v not_o only_o from_o flesh_n but_o from_o wine_n also_o which_o yet_o many_o authorise_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o nazarite_n doct_n and_o consequent_o this_o be_v to_o urge_v a_o rigid_a judaical_a observance_n but_o in_o brief_a the_o diversity_n observe_v in_o those_o day_n in_o point_n of_o fast_v be_v considerable_a for_o some_o abstain_v only_o from_o the_o flesh_n of_o land-beast_n but_o do_v eat_v of_o bird_n other_o refrain_v even_o from_o bread_n other_o again_o will_v not_o taste_v any_o fruit_n come_v of_o tree_n as_o touch_v the_o time_n from_o easter_n till_o whitsuntide_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o fast_a day_n 75._o in_o greece_n and_o alexandria_n lent_n continue_v six_o week_n at_o rome_n only_o three_o moreover_o there_o be_v two_o day_n in_o every_o week_n whereupon_o they_o do_v not_o fast_o at_o all_o to_o wit_n saturday_n and_o the_o sabbath-day_n in_o other_o place_n this_o fast_o last_v but_o five_o or_o six_o day_n in_o some_o church_n it_o be_v alternative_a and_o interchangeable_a they_o fast_v only_o one_o week_n in_o two_o now_o the_o very_a diversity_n use_v in_o such_o observance_n be_v a_o proof_n of_o their_o indifferency_n which_o yet_o be_v afterward_o turn_v into_o a_o necessity_n and_o what_o progress_n it_o make_v we_o shall_v quick_o see_v anno_fw-la 325._o let_v we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n consider_v what_o pass_v in_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o nice_a which_o afford_v many_o constitution_n subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o preserve_v a_o due_a union_n among_o the_o many_o church_n disperse_v into_o so_o many_o several_a place_n they_o find_v it_o expedient_a to_o reduce_v they_o all_o under_o certain_a general_n prâ—cincts_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o settle_v metropolitan_n in_o the_o more_o eminent_a city_n each_o of_o who_o ought_v to_o supervise_v the_o church_n within_o his_o own_o respective_a jurisdiction_n thus_o the_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n be_v entrust_v with_o those_o of_o egypt_n lybia_n and_o general_o of_o all_o africa_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n with_o the_o neighbour_a church_n and_o afterward_o with_o all_o those_o of_o the_o west_n those_o of_o antioch_n and_o jerusalem_n with_o the_o adjoin_a province_n this_o preeminency_n be_v confer_v upon_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o those_o city_n wherein_o they_o exercise_v their_o several_a episcopacy_n insomuch_o that_o rome_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o bishop_n thereof_o do_v hereupon_o challenge_v precedency_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n notwithstanding_o he_o hold_v his_o own_o diocese_n and_o jurisdiction_n apart_o by_o himself_o the_o institution_n of_o those_o patriarch_n found_v only_o upon_o custom_n 7._o this_o council_n authorize_v by_o decree_n whereby_o they_o ordain_v that_o that_o order_n shall_v be_v continue_v consult_v therein_o the_o maintain_n of_o that_o dignity_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o custom_n to_o those_o four_o a_o five_o be_v add_v afterward_o namely_o he_o of_o constantinople_n for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o city_n be_v the_o imperial_a seat_n and_o the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n hold_v about_o the_o year_n 450._o 28._o decree_v that_o he_o shall_v hold_v the_o second_o place_n as_o be_v bishop_n of_o new-rome_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n shall_v have_v the_o precedency_n that_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n but_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o constantinople_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o same_o respective_a primacy_n and_o equal_a prerogative_n for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o city_n have_v the_o same_o senate_n the_o same_o badge_n of_o honnourary_a and_o equal_a rite_n and_o privilege_n with_o old_a rome_n which_o we_o here_o remark_n by_o way_n of_o anticipation_n since_o it_o will_v be_v needful_a that_o we_o mention_v it_o hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o must_v note_v that_o in_o this_o and_o succeed_a age_n many_o general_a council_n be_v hold_v wherein_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n be_v never_o precedent_n proof_n sufficient_a that_o the_o other_o metropolitan_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o superior_a that_o the_o name_n of_o pope_n be_v common_a to_o all_o bishop_n as_o appear_v by_o divers_a write_n of_o those_o time_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o among_o grecian_n and_o german_n to_o this_o day_n priest_n be_v call_v pope_n that_o be_v to_o say_v father_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o the_o name_n that_o all_o the_o patriarchal_a church_n as_o have_v be_v dignify_v with_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o be_v name_v apostolical_a 16._o which_o title_n that_o of_o rome_n have_v ever_o since_o retain_v though_o common_a to_o she_o with_o the_o rest_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o chair_n of_o antioch_n in_o that_o st._n peter_n reside_v there_o and_o that_o of_o jerusalem_n possess_v by_o s._n james_n be_v entitle_v apostolic_a seat_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o rome_n this_o council_n of_o nice_a determine_v the_o difference_n concern_v the_o feast_n of_o easter_n and_o decree_v that_o all_o the_o church_n shall_v celebrate_v the_o same_o upon_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n namely_o the_o sabbath-day_n after_o the_o full_a moon_n or_o middle_a of_o march_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o use_n of_o ephemerides_n be_v not_o so_o common_a as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o astrology_n be_v best_o know_v in_o egypt_n they_o therefore_o give_v it_o in_o charge_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n that_o he_o shall_v yearly_o publish_v to_o the_o other_o church_n the_o time_n of_o easter-feast_n by_o express_a letter_n which_o be_v by_o they_o term_v paschal_n epistle_n paschales_fw-la and_o afterward_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n the_o golden_a number_n be_v invent_v howbeit_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o many_o mathematician_n there_o be_v frequent_a abuse_n in_o that_o calculation_n in_o the_o same_o council_n there_o be_v a_o question_n move_v 〈…〉_z touch_v the_o celibacy_n or_o the_o unmarried_a state_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o many_o affect_v to_o introduce_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o till_o then_o marriage_n be_v ever_o reckon_v allowable_a in_o person_n of_o that_o capacity_n only_o some_o few_o there_o be_v who_o soon_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o apostle_n begin_v to_o reject_v the_o same_o which_o yet_o be_v no_o soon_o by_o they_o attempt_v than_o suppress_v but_o about_o the_o year_n 308._o in_o some_o provincial_a council_n the_o first_o law_n touch_v celibacy_n be_v enact_v whereof_o this_o be_v the_o form_n they_o demand_v of_o such_o as_o desire_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o any_o ecclesiastic_a charge_n whether_o they_o will_v refrain_v from_o marriage_n or_o not_o if_o they_o answer_v yes_o they_o be_v never_o afterward_o permit_v to_o marry_v but_o in_o case_n they_o reply_v no_o they_o allow_v that_o after_o their_o election_n they_o may_v marry_v but_o then_o the_o election_n be_v for_o some_o time_n defer_v to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o possible_a they_o may_v find_v out_o some_o or_o other_o who_o can_v content_v himself_o to_o live_v unmarried_a now_o this_o they_o do_v not_o that_o they_o think_v marriage_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o clergy_n but_o because_o of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o church_n as_o not_o have_v mean_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o family_n of_o their_o pastor_n and_o thus_o they_o pass_v to_o a_o peremptory_a prohibition_n of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o end_n that_o church_n good_n may_v not_o be_v distribute_v among_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n or_o else_o lest_o natural_a affection_n to_o their_o own_o flesh_n and_o blood_n may_v happy_o hinder_v or_o interfere_v with_o the_o function_n of_o their_o charge_n this_o be_v the_o only_a account_n by_o their_o own_o confession_n which_o their_o legislatour_n can_v ever_o give_v hereof_o which_o yet_o have_v hitherto_o be_v judge_v impertinent_a 2._o since_o that_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o who_o have_v parent_n or_o brother_n etc._n
reproach_n and_o obloquy_n do_v common_o attend_v those_o who_o fault_n be_v thus_o display_v to_o the_o open_a view_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 37._o they_o therefore_o order_v that_o delinquent_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n consult_v their_o pastor_n 6._o who_o cognosce_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n shall_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o declare_v the_o same_o in_o public_a or_o only_o to_o mention_v it_o in_o general_a without_o specification_n of_o the_o crime_n itself_o there_o be_v many_o also_o who_o out_o of_o shame_n shun_v public_a confession_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v likewise_o about_o the_o year_n 260._o that_n when_o as_o such_o as_o have_v abandon_v themselves_o to_o the_o apostasy_n which_o fall_v out_o under_o the_o persecution_n stir_v up_o by_o decius_n require_v to_o be_v readmit_v into_o the_o church_n there_o be_v many_o who_o withstand_v their_o reception_n allege_v that_o they_o be_v not_o long_o capable_a of_o readmission_n into_o she_o and_o under_o that_o pretence_n many_o do_v separate_v themselves_o which_o make_v way_n to_o the_o schism_n of_o the_o novatian_o it_o be_v therefore_o find_v expedient_a for_o avoid_v of_o scandal_n accrue_v to_o many_o from_o public_a confession_n to_o change_v the_o same_o into_o private_a one_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o out_o of_o their_o many_o pastor_n they_o shall_v choose_v one_o of_o a_o good_a conversation_n 35._o a_o prudent_a person_n and_o capable_a of_o a_o secret_a to_o who_o that_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v from_o thence_o come_v the_o penitentiaries_n howbeit_o this_o change_n happen_v only_o at_o the_o begin_n in_o the_o greek_a church_n for_o the_o western_a church_n retain_v the_o custom_n of_o public_a confession_n until_o the_o time_n of_o leo_n bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o year_n 450._o final_o whereas_o public_a confession_n be_v only_o of_o more_o notorious_a and_o enormous_a crime_n the_o same_o be_v once_o change_v into_o particular_a they_o begin_v to_o recommend_v it_o to_o practice_n exhort_v the_o people_n to_o confess_v their_o very_a least_o escape_n and_o defect_n from_o the_o beam_n to_o the_o mote_n and_o that_o more_o frequent_o than_o they_o be_v well_o able_a to_o do_v now_o this_o confession_n be_v not_o of_o divine_a right_n nor_o do_v antiquity_n ever_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v such_o for_o afterward_o to_o wit_n about_o the_o year_n 396._o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o scandal_n arise_v from_o it_o it_o be_v abolish_v by_o nectorius_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n that_o which_o he_o will_v never_o have_v attempt_v have_v they_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v of_o divine_a institution_n neither_o do_v it_o consist_v in_o a_o scrupulous_a enumeration_n of_o all_o thought_n word_n and_o action_n which_o may_v be_v account_v faulty_a for_o in_o the_o church_n of_o constantinople_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o populous_a among_o they_o there_o be_v of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n but_o one_o only_a person_n who_o charge_n it_o be_v to_o receive_v confession_n which_o have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n have_v every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o confession_n and_o to_o render_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o all_o his_o action_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o judge_v needful_a for_o obtain_v of_o remission_n of_o sin_n but_o useful_a for_o instruction_n of_o the_o ignorant_a for_o consolation_n to_o the_o afflict_a for_o reform_v of_o sinner_n for_o resolve_v of_o such_o difficulty_n as_o may_v ripen_v into_o a_o case_n of_o conscience_n and_o last_o for_o counsel_n to_o the_o perplex_a author_n of_o the_o same_o age_n make_v mention_n also_o of_o certain_a virgin_n 11._o who_o consecrate_v themselves_o to_o god_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o original_n the_o then_o reign_v persecution_n oblige_v christian_n to_o involve_v themselves_o as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o liberty_n of_o that_o profession_n be_v frequent_o fetter_a and_o infringe_v with_o the_o encumbrance_n which_o attend_v a_o marry_a state_n there_o be_v many_o virgin_n who_o with_o the_o concurrent_a advice_n and_o consent_n of_o their_o parent_n resolve_v to_o live_v in_o perpetual_a continency_n and_o to_o join_v themselves_o with_o great_a strictness_n then_o ordinary_a to_o jesus_n christ_n they_o present_v themselves_o therefore_o to_o the_o church_n who_o with_o solemn_a prayer_n recommend_v they_o to_o god_n and_o the_o care_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o they_o who_o they_o be_v to_o succour_v in_o their_o sickness_n and_o relieve_v in_o their_o necessity_n for_o it_o be_v unto_o such_o deed_n of_o charity_n that_o they_o devote_v themselves_o but_o as_o touch_v the_o vow_n of_o celibacy_n it_o be_v in_o their_o own_o liberty_n to_o relinquish_v that_o condition_n when_o ever_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o they_o and_o in_o case_n they_o conceive_v that_o they_o can_v serve_v god_n with_o great_a integrity_n in_o a_o state_n of_o marriage_n than_o in_o that_o of_o virginity_n the_o vow_n of_o continency_n also_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o esteem_v irrevocable_a we_o have_v say_v that_o they_o carry_v the_o eucharist_n to_o the_o sick_a and_o that_o they_o administer_v the_o same_o afterward_o even_o to_o little_a child_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o those_o either_o through_o infirmity_n of_o body_n or_o through_o tenderness_n of_o year_n can_v not_o convenient_o receive_v the_o cup_n they_o therefore_o sometime_o dip_v the_o bread_n in_o the_o wine_n that_o so_o they_o may_v receive_v the_o whole_a sacrament_n entire_a for_o the_o people_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n do_v promiscuous_o communicate_v under_o both_o sign_n now_o albeit_o this_o expedient_a of_o soak_v or_o dip_v the_o bread_n in_o the_o wine_n be_v never_o practise_v but_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n yet_o notwithstanding_o many_o affect_a to_o make_v it_o a_o general_a custom_n introduce_v it_o into_o the_o ordinary_a communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o which_o usage_n some_o tract_n be_v continue_v in_o after_o time_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n anno_fw-la 300._o etc._n etc._n about_o the_o year_n 300._o and_o afterward_o there_o be_v many_o ceremony_n introduce_v persecution_n continue_v even_o till_o then_o now_o behold_v emperor_n who_o submit_v their_o sceptre_n to_o christ_n sheephook_n and_o throw_v their_o crown_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o his_o cross_n the_o church_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o ash_n of_o her_o own_o child_n as_o yet_o of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n be_v receive_v into_o savour_n with_o the_o great_a constantine_n and_o hence_o forth_o repose_v herself_o under_o the_o shade_n of_o his_o laurel_n do_v as_o it_o be_v renew_v her_o youth_n she_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o wilderness_n into_o city_n from_o cave_n into_o palace_n from_o desert_n into_o church_n and_o from_o poverty_n into_o plenty_n and_o pompous_a abundance_n this_o prosperous_a change_n produce_v divers_a effect_n people_n repair_v to_o the_o church_n in_o crowd_n but_o yet_o the_o simplicity_n of_o christianity_n do_v dis-relish_a many_o who_o have_v still_o before_o their_o eye_n the_o pomp_n and_o magnificence_n of_o paganism_n they_o therefore_o judge_v it_o necessary_a to_o re-attire_n religion_n with_o the_o more_o splendid_a and_o ornamental_a ceremony_n to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o the_o splendour_n of_o her_o ornament_n she_o may_v become_v the_o more_o august_n and_o acceptable_a and_o like_a as_o they_o have_v do_v former_o in_o compliance_n with_o jew_n and_o gentile_n who_o only_a talk_n be_v of_o sacrifice_n our_o christian_n give_v the_o supper_n sacris_fw-la the_o title_n of_o sacrifice_n and_o the_o table_n the_o name_n of_o altar_n howbeit_o the_o language_n use_v then_o be_v not_o mean_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v put_v upon_o it_o afterward_o for_o when_o ever_o they_o mention_v the_o altar_n they_o understand_v the_o table_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o assembly_n whereupon_o they_o lay_v the_o offering_n that_o be_v present_v by_o the_o faithful_a and_o thus_o they_o explain_v themselves_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o eucharist_n now_o one_o of_o the_o first_o occupation_n that_o christian_n under_o their_o respite_n from_o persecution_n busy_v themselves_o in_o be_v this_o the_o body_n of_o many_o of_o their_o martyr_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o wide_a open_a field_n or_o else_o expose_v to_o the_o highway_n and_o their_o grave_n cover_v with_o filth_n and_o nastiness_n they_o begin_v therefore_o to_o drag_v their_o body_n out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v inter_v and_o to_o transport_v they_o into_o city_n in_o order_n to_o a_o more_o honourable_a sepulture_n which_o transportation_n be_v perform_v with_o some_o solemnity_n the_o whole_a church_n assist_v thereat_o with_o sing_v of_o psalm_n the_o coffin_n cover_v with_o a_o rich_a cloth_n after_o
this_o very_a reason_n they_o begin_v to_o transport_v they_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o the_o common_a people_n spend_v the_o vigil_n or_o wake_n in_o the_o cemetery_n of_o the_o martyr_n thither_o they_o carry_v victual_n that_o they_o may_v be_v thereby_o sanctify_v yea_o they_o light_v up_o taper_n in_o broad_a day_n light_n in_o token_n say_v they_o of_o joy_n and_o triumph_v but_o we_o must_v likewise_o note_v that_o all_o those_o be_v the_o procedure_v of_o private_a person_n only_o and_o no_o wise_a approve_v of_o by_o the_o church_n true_a it_o be_v the_o bishop_n be_v constrain_v by_o the_o prevail_a multitude_n to_o connive_v at_o those_o abuse_n whereof_o yet_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o enormity_n 35._o this_o toleration_n nevertheless_o do_v not_o forestall_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n for_o stop_v of_o that_o torrent_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n both_o doctor_n and_o council_n condemn_v those_o extravagancy_n prohibit_v the_o light_n up_o of_o torch_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o martyr_n vigilant_a interdict_a vigil_n repress_v those_o who_o carry_v victual_n to_o their_o sepulcher_n as_o have_v derive_v that_o custom_n from_o paganism_n and_o teach_v that_o the_o relic_n of_o saint_n ought_v to_o be_v bury_v and_o not_o transport_v from_o place_n to_o place_n that_o the_o custom_n of_o swear_v by_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v pure_o paganish_v and_o that_o many_o build_v sepulcher_n for_o martyr_n mere_o out_o of_o vain_a frivolous_a dream_n anno_fw-la 380._o etc._n etc._n the_o original_n of_o pray_v for_o the_o dead_a we_o have_v see_v in_o the_o former_a age_n come_v we_o now_o to_o view_v the_o growth_n and_o progress_n of_o the_o same_o this_o custom_n spring_v original_o from_o a_o natural_a affection_n in_o the_o survive_a be_v at_o length_n receive_v into_o the_o church_n and_o in_o after_o time_n continue_v therein_o 7._o the_o emperor_n constantine_n be_v dead_a all_o the_o people_n pray_v for_o his_o soul_n but_o as_o we_o have_v already_o note_v those_o prayer_n be_v make_v in_o a_o sense_n quite_o other_o than_o at_o present_a for_o all_o the_o father_n of_o the_o first_o age_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n reject_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n namely_o that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o righteous_a be_v reserve_v in_o a_o common_a receptacle_n until_o the_o resurrection_n 32._o and_o upon_o this_o supposition_n they_o ground_n their_o pray_n for_o the_o dead_a now_o for_o these_o reason_n do_v the_o church_n pray_v for_o they_o viz._n 1._o to_o the_o end_n god_n may_v please_v to_o glorify_v they_o in_o due_a time_n hasten_v their_o resurrection_n 2._o to_o the_o end_n the_o judge_n may_v upon_o the_o last_o day_n be_v propitious_a to_o they_o and_o not_o deal_v with_o they_o in_o rigour_n 3._o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o they_o pray_v even_o for_o the_o patriarch_n for_o the_o prophet_n for_o the_o evangelist_n for_o the_o apostle_n for_o the_o martyr_n yea_o and_o for_o the_o virgin_n mary_n who_o yet_o they_o believe_v not_o to_o be_v in_o purgatory_n but_o their_o end_n herein_o be_v that_o it_o may_v please_v god_n to_o increase_v their_o glory_n whence_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o pray_v to_o the_o saint_n since_o that_o they_o pray_v for_o they_o and_o the_o truth_n be_v antiquity_n inform_v we_o that_o one_o of_o the_o main_a reason_n why_o they_o pray_v for_o they_o 75._o be_v that_o they_o may_v by_o so_o do_v distinguish_v they_o from_o christ_n who_o none_o pray_v for_o but_o all_o pray_v to_o 4._o but_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a 69._o they_o go_v so_o far_o as_o to_o pray_v for_o the_o very_a damn_a to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v procure_v for_o they_o say_v they_o some_o allay_n and_o mitigation_n of_o their_o pain_n for_o in_o as_o much_o as_o misguide_a zeal_n be_v no_o where_o bound_v they_o affect_v to_o extend_v their_o charity_n even_o as_o far_o as_o hell_n itself_o be_v strong_o opiniated_a that_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o damn_a 21._o may_v be_v available_a for_o qualify_a and_o asswage_v of_o their_o torment_n and_o render_v of_o their_o infernal_a state_n more_o supportable_a thus_o do_v they_o inconsiderate_o kindle_v strange_a fire_n upon_o the_o altar_n 110._o and_o make_v their_o censor_n smoke_n through_o the_o superstitious_a flame_n of_o a_o preposterous_a devotion_n but_o 37._o behold_v a_o innovation_n of_o a_o lamentable_a sequel_n the_o primitive_a christian_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o receive_v any_o image_n this_o the_o pagan_n upbraid_v they_o with_o as_o a_o notorious_a defect_n the_o church_n have_v condemn_v the_o gnostic_n famous_a heretic_n who_o use_v image_n even_o that_o of_o christ_n himself_o eusebius_n say_v in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a history_n that_o this_o usage_n be_v derive_v from_o pagan_n who_o be_v accustom_v to_o honour_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o deliverer_n with_o portrait_n and_o image_n euseb._n which_o that_o they_o may_v clothe_v their_o idolatry_n with_o a_o specious_a pretext_n they_o yet_o further_o allege_v to_o be_v as_o so_o many_o book_n represent_v divine_a thing_n the_o emperor_n constantine_n cause_v the_o image_n of_o the_o good_a shepherd_n to_o be_v make_v but_o not_o with_o any_o intent_n of_o have_v it_o place_v in_o a_o church_n the_o statue_n of_o daniel_n in_o brass_n be_v also_o erect_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o marketplace_n of_o constantinople_n 48._o the_o same_o historian_n eusebius_n write_v to_o the_o empress_n constance_n tell_v she_o that_o christ_n even_o as_o he_o be_v man_n can_v be_v represent_v by_o the_o pencil_n true_a it_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v a_o statue_n show_v in_o caesarea_n euseb._n which_o they_o say_v be_v that_o of_o jesus_n christ_n erect_v before_o that_o in_o a_o private_a house_n where_o the_o woman_n be_v cure_v of_o the_o bloody_a flux_n mention_v in_o the_o gospel_n 20._o be_v also_o represent_v and_o from_o that_o statue_n undoubted_o the_o portrait_n 〈◊〉_d jesus_n christ_n in_o nicephorus_n be_v draw_v and_o afterward_o imitate_v by_o statuary_n and_o painter_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o juidâ—_n the_o apostate_n have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v deface_v and_o the_o pagan_n in_o despite_n to_o christ_n haâ—_n break_v it_o into_o piece_n the_o christian_n recollect_v all_o the_o fragment_n and_o place_v they_o in_o the_o church_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 380._o they_o begin_v to_o embellish_v the_o church_n wherein_o they_o assemble_v with_o picture_n whereby_o they_o represent_v the_o suffering_n of_o the_o martyr_n nyssen_n render_v they_o more_o palpable_a and_o affective_a to_o the_o beholder_n as_o also_o some_o scripture-history_n as_o abraham_n sacrifice_n barth_n christ_n miracle_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o agape_n or_o feast_n of_o their_o assembly_n be_v as_o yet_o practise_v by_o christian_n the_o object_n there_o present_v before_o their_o eye_n be_v of_o use_n to_o prevenâ—_n intemperancy_n we_o must_v therefore_o remark_n that_o those_o image_n be_v only_o historical_a serve_v for_o commemoration_n only_o not_o for_o veneration_n â—_o likewise_o that_o the_o same_o be_v no_o other_o than_o plain_a picture_n for_o statue_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o church_n till_o a_o long_a time_n after_o but_o brief_o that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a herein_o be_v the_o opposition_n then_o band_v up_o against_o this_o novelty_n there_o have_v be_v even_o council_n 36._o which_o express_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o picture_n in_o the_o church_n moreover_o such_o be_v the_o devotion_n of_o many_o even_o after_o this_o innovation_n that_o they_o will_v not_o endure_v any_o image_n in_o their_o church_n epiphanius_n one_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a man_n of_o those_o time_n relate_v this_o passage_n hierosolym_n that_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a village_n in_o palestine_n he_o observe_v at_o the_o church-entry_n a_o paint_a cloth_n have_v like_o the_o picture_n of_o christ_n or_o some_o saint_n upon_o it_o now_o when_o that_o i_o behold_v say_v he_o that_o they_o have_v as_o it_o be_v under_o colour_n of_o scripture-authority_n place_v the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n in_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n i_o cut_v that_o cloth_n and_o counsel_v they_o much_o rather_o to_o wrap_v up_o the_o dead_a corpse_n of_o some_o poor_a person_n therein_o anno_fw-la 386._o the_o celibacy_n of_o ecclesiastic_n be_v hitherto_o use_v more_o through_o private_a devotion_n than_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o public_a suffrage_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o church_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 386._o syricius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n 82_o be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v by_o public_a decree_n provide_v there_o be_v nothing_o of_o forgery_n in_o the_o case_n prohibit_v marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o church_n within_o his_o jurisdiction_n provide_v
by_o a_o may_v be_v thus_o the_o first_o doctrine_n concern_v purgatory_n be_v problematical_a only_o not_o dogmatical_a or_o matter_n of_o faith_n till_o a_o long-time_n after_o that_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o reader_n satisfaction_n we_o shall_v hear_v subjoin_v the_o testimony_n of_o two_o father_n among_o the_o many_o of_o the_o first_o antiquity_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n be_v respon_n touch_v the_o state_n of_o soul_n depart_v st._n justine_n martyr_n who_o live_v in_o the_o 130._o year_n of_o our_o lord_n speak_v of_o it_o thus_o after_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o body_n say_v he_o there_o be_v immediate_o a_o separation_n make_v of_o the_o just_a and_o of_o the_o unjust_a for_o they_o be_v conduct_v by_o the_o angel_n to_o place_n worthy_a of_o they_o namely_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o just_a to_o paradise_n where_o they_o enjoy_v the_o society_n of_o angel_n and_o arch-angel_n yea_o and_o the_o very_a face_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n himself_o but_o those_o of_o the_o unjust_a to_o the_o infernal_a mansion_n st._n irenaeus_n bishop_n of_o lion_n 7._o in_o the_o year_n 160._o the_o preacher_n say_v he_o who_o be_v the_o disciple_n of_o the_o apostle_n affirm_v that_o those_o who_o be_v translate_v from_o hence_o be_v transport_v into_o paradise_n that_o be_v prepare_v for_o just_a man_n and_o such_o as_o have_v the_o spirit_n the_o place_n whither_o st._n paul_n be_v catch_v up_o where_o he_o hear_v thing_n unutterable_a and_o that_o they_o shall_v continue_v there_o till_o the_o consummation_n and_o end_n of_o the_o world_n see_v incorruption_n and_o thus_o erasmus_n in_o his_o animadversion_n â—pon_o that_o father_n observe_v and_o good_a â—eason_n he_o have_v de_fw-fr purgatorio_fw-la nulla_fw-la mentio_fw-la â—hat_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v by_o he_o of_o purgatory_n just_o acknowledge_v that_o that_o â—ious_a author_n speak_v as_o one_o whole_o unacquainted_a with_o any_o such_o fable_n 136_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o expurgatory_n index_n both_o of_o spain_n and_o of_o the_o low-countries_n that_o that_o note_n of_o erasmus_n shall_v be_v quite_o obliterated_a anno_fw-la 450._o etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v when_o how_o and_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o public_a confession_n of_o penitent_n be_v change_v into_o a_o private_a one_o in_o the_o greek_a church_n only_o but_o about_o the_o year_n 450._o the_o same_o alteration_n do_v likewise_o befall_v the_o western_a church_n which_o have_v ever_o till_o then_o retain_v the_o use_n of_o public_a confession_n christian_n liberty_n also_o in_o matter_n of_o fast_n be_v maintain_v 118._o till_o about_o this_o time_n the_o doctor_n that_o flourish_v in_o this_o age_n have_v teach_v that_o christ_n never_o command_v 〈◊〉_d to_o imitate_v his_o fast_a of_o forty_o day_n that_o fast_v be_v the_o last_o and_o low_a of_o virtue_n that_o true_a fast_n consist_v in_o abstinency_n from_o sin_n that_o fast_v indeed_o be_v command_v in_o the_o scripture_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o particular_a day_n of_o fast_v nor_o christ_n nor_o his_o apostle_n do_v ever_o enact_v any_o ordinance_n that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o freedom_n and_o indifferency_n to_o fast_o upon_o some_o certain_a day_n that_o the_o choice_n and_o distinction_n of_o meat_n be_v not_o matter_n of_o religion_n etc._n etc._n we_o have_v likewise_o see_v how_o that_o fast_n be_v diverse_o observe_v both_o as_o to_o their_o time_n and_o manner_n and_o that_o they_o abstain_v not_o only_o from_o flesh_n but_o from_o wine_n also_o and_o we_o may_v yet_o further_o observe_v how_o much_o the_o fast_n of_o the_o first_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o modern_a age_n in_o that_o the_o lend_v of_o the_o ancient_n do_v ever_o begin_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n which_o follow_v immediate_o upon_o that_o of_o whitsuntide_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n herein_o be_v through_o the_o law_n of_o new_a council_n 34_o and_o multiplicity_n of_o fast_n at_o length_n suppress_v for_o leo_n i._o bishop_n of_o rome_n do_v about_o the_o year_n 460._o ordain_v the_o observance_n of_o four_o solemn_a anniversary_n fast_n namely_o lent_n whitsuntide_n the_o seven_o and_o ten_o month_n not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o two_o last_o be_v in_o imitation_n of_o judaisme_n there_o be_v some_o author_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o fast_a of_o the_o four_o time_n or_o four_o week_n of_o ember_n or_o imber-day_n and_o of_o the_o institution_n thereof_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o pope_n gelasius_n have_v decree_v mensis_fw-la that_o the_o ordination_n of_o priest_n and_o deacon_n shall_v be_v perform_v upon_o those_o day_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o action_n be_v after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n act_n 13._o &_o 14._o manage_v with_o fast_v and_o public_a prayer_n the_o fast_a of_o the_o four_o time_n be_v hereupon_o introduce_v and_o notwithstanding_o those_o ordination_n be_v not_o perform_v any_o more_o at_o that_o time_n yet_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o of_o fast_v afterward_o continue_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o touch_v the_o vigil_n of_o saint_n the_o name_n indeed_o be_v retain_v but_o the_o use_n of_o they_o quite_o change_v for_o the_o wake_n upon_o the_o night_n precede_v the_o solemnity_n of_o any_o saint_n be_v turn_v into_o fast_n howbeit_o the_o name_n of_o vigil_n remain_v the_o fast_a of_o rogation_n come_v to_o pass_v soon_o after_o for_o there_o happen_v in_o several_a place_n in_o lyonoise_n in_o france_n divers_a earthquake_n conflagration_n and_o many_o danger_n incur_v through_o wild_a beast_n those_o public_a calamity_n move_v mamert_n bishop_n of_o vienne_n in_o daulphinoise_n to_o ordain_v that_o upon_o some_o certain_a day_n every_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v public_a prayer_n make_v with_o fast_v and_o act_n of_o repentance_n thus_o be_v the_o rogation_n institute_v which_o reach_v even_o to_o foreign_a province_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v straight_o anno_fw-la 470._o etc._n etc._n we_o have_v see_v some_o seed_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o precede_a age_n it_o be_v not_o use_v in_o the_o church_n but_o only_o among_o some_o private_a person_n and_o that_o as_o yet_o with_o some_o hesitation_n they_o begin_v then_o to_o conceive_v new_a opinion_n touch_v the_o martyr_n to_o rely_v upon_o their_o intercession_n and_o to_o attribute_v virtue_n to_o their_o sepulcher_n st._n augustine_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o strong_a and_o better_a christian_n have_v no_o such_o custom_n but_o the_o weak_a sort_n only_o and_o those_o too_o by_o way_n of_o indulgence_n this_o abuse_n prevail_v so_o much_o as_o that_o the_o transportation_n of_o relic_n the_o resort_n of_o people_n the_o honour_n confer_v upon_o saint_n which_o at_o the_o beginning_n be_v tolerable_a be_v now_o advance_v to_o a_o excess_n the_o body_n of_o chrysostome_n be_v transport_v to_o constantinople_n 43._o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n kneel_v down_o before_o it_o pray_v it_o to_o forgive_v his_o parent_n who_o have_v persecute_v it_o while_o live_v but_o against_o this_o superstition_n the_o father_n of_o this_o age_n like_v as_o their_o predecessor_n before_o they_o remonstrate_v after_o this_o manner_n corinth_n the_o soul_n of_o the_o dead_a intermeddle_v not_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o live_n the_o saint_n be_v not_o our_o mediator_n we_o applaud_v the_o martyr_n as_o those_o who_o have_v fight_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o maintain_v the_o purity_n of_o the_o faith_n we_o worship_v they_o not_o build_v they_o no_o church_n offer_v they_o no_o sacrifice_n but_o to_o what_o purpose_n then_o be_v those_o solemnity_n to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o may_v thereby_o glorify_v god_n because_o of_o their_o victory_n and_o encourage_v ourselves_o to_o follow_v their_o example_n that_o we_o may_v share_v in_o their_o crown_n and_o reward_v but_o that_o we_o may_v attain_v thereunto_o must_v the_o saint_n be_v invoke_v in_o no_o wise_a but_o we_o will_v only_o implore_v aid_n from_o the_o true_a god_n himself_o who_o make_v they_o both_o man_n and_o martyr_n this_o than_o be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o church_n and_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o assembly_n before_o the_o communion_n they_o celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o the_o saint_n st._n augustine_n speak_v of_o that_o commemoration_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o martyr_n be_v then_o rehearse_v in_o rank_n and_o order_n as_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n who_o have_v overcome_v the_o world_n through_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o faith_n but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o invoke_v which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n verify_v by_o the_o more_o ancient_a liturgy_n tertul._n and_o set_v form_n of_o public_a
prayer_n and_o thanksgiving_n for_o the_o church_n pray_v for_o the_o believe_a and_o unbelieving_a for_o magistrate_n for_o friend_n and_o foe_n for_o present_a and_o absent_a for_o penitent_n for_o demoniac_n and_o in_o general_a for_o the_o whole_a world_n now_o that_o they_o may_v excite_v the_o people_n to_o the_o great_a fervency_n in_o prayer_n the_o pastor_n use_v this_o exhortation_n sursum_fw-la corda_fw-la lift_v up_o your_o heart_n on_o high_a whereunto_o they_o give_v this_o only_a answer_n habemus_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la we_o yield_v they_o to_o the_o lord_n for_o in_o the_o whole_a action_n they_o invoke_v none_o other_o than_o god_n in_o this_o age_n be_v likewise_o introduce_v as_o we_o have_v say_v litany_n or_o rogation_n first_o in_o the_o eastern_a church_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o western_a the_o pestilence_n at_o constantinople_n and_o the_o earthquake_n at_o lion_n and_o adjacent_a place_n administer_a the_o occasion_n hereof_o from_o thence_o they_o be_v extend_v upon_o the_o like_a occurrence_n throughout_o the_o whole_a both_o east_n and_o west_n now_o behold_v the_o form_n of_o the_o same_o they_o digest_v into_o certain_a article_n the_o public_a calamity_n and_o necessity_n pray_v for_o the_o peace_n from_o on_o high_a and_o the_o salvation_n of_o soul_n for_o the_o prosperity_n of_o god_n holy_a church_n for_o both_o clergy_n and_o people_n for_o high_a power_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o that_o province_n and_o city_n for_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o health_n for_o such_o as_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o journey_n or_o voyage_n for_o the_o sick_a for_o the_o imprison_a etc._n etc._n every_o one_o of_o those_o article_n be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n by_o the_o pastor_n the_o people_n answer_v to_o each_o thereof_o kyrie_fw-la eleison_fw-la lord_n have_v mercy_n upon_o we_o they_o afterward_o add_v other_o clause_n but_o the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n have_v no_o place_n in_o those_o litany_n 18._o one_o peter_n gnapheus_n or_o foulon_n patriarch_n of_o antioch_n be_v the_o first_o that_o foist_v the_o same_o into_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o church_n about_o the_o year_n 470._o and_o we_o must_v note_v that_o this_o person_n be_v corrupt_v with_o the_o eutychian_a heresy_n for_o which_o he_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o five_o general_n council_n thus_o do_v superstition_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o private_a become_v public_a at_o last_o and_o the_o commemoration_n of_o saint_n be_v change_v into_o invocation_n insomuch_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o address_v their_o discourse_n to_o the_o live_n in_o order_n to_o their_o imitate_v of_o the_o saint_n they_o now_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o saint_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o live_n howbeit_o this_o same_o invocation_n of_o saint_n be_v at_o the_o beginning_n use_v only_o by_o the_o greek_n for_o the_o latin_a church_n receive_v it_o not_o till_o above_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o as_o we_o shall_v also_o see_v in_o due_a time_n and_o place_n anno_fw-la 490._o let_v we_o conclude_v this_o five_o century_n with_o a_o observation_n which_o offer_v itself_o about_o the_o same_o time_n it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o many_o have_v at_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n introduce_v the_o custom_n of_o soak_a or_o dip_v bread_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o such_o as_o can_v not_o use_v the_o cup._n this_o usage_n be_v condemn_v by_o julius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o year_n 340._o howbeit_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o priest_n do_v still_o dip_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o host_n in_o the_o wine_n of_o the_o chalice_n add_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o immersion_n conduce_v to_o eternal_a life_n in_o the_o receiver_n this_o expedient_a so_o general_o use_v carry_v in_o it_o a_o demonstrative_a evidence_n that_o antiquity_n give_v the_o communion_n under_o the_o two_o species_n choose_v much_o rather_o in_o a_o exigence_n wherein_o they_o can_v no_o better_o order_v it_o to_o give_v soak_v or_o steep_v bread_n then_o to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n under_o that_o only_a species_n now_o about_o the_o year_n 440._o the_o manichee_n who_o hold_v wine_n in_o abomination_n as_o the_o turk_n do_v at_o this_o day_n attempt_v to_o introduce_v the_o communion_n under_o one_o only_a species_n 4._o and_o whereas_o there_o be_v many_o in_o the_o church_n taint_v with_o that_o heresy_n they_o be_v discern_v by_o this_o token_n that_o they_o make_v some_o hesitation_n about_o receive_v of_o the_o chalice_n this_o superstition_n be_v suppress_v towards_o the_o year_n 490._o comperimus_fw-la by_o pope_n gelasius_n who_o ordain_v that_o they_o shall_v either_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n whole_a and_o entire_a or_o else_o whole_o abstain_v from_o and_o forbear_v it_o conformable_o to_o what_o be_v decree_v by_o leo_n his_o predecessor_n who_o impeach_v of_o sacrilege_n all_o those_o who_o repulse_n the_o cup_n of_o redeem_v blood_n a_o ordinance_n which_o condemn_v the_o mutilation_n of_o the_o sacrament_n introduce_v in_o aftertime_n by_o the_o romish_a church_n anno_fw-la 500_o etc._n etc._n we_o be_v now_o arrive_v at_o the_o year_n 500_o the_o historical_a use_n of_o image_n be_v receive_v into_o church_n which_o be_v the_o only_a use_n that_o christian_n apply_v they_o to_o for_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o their_o first_o introduction_n but_o now_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o degenerate_v into_o abuse_n herein_o and_o image_n be_v advance_v from_o contemplation_n to_o veneration_n many_o bishop_n willing_a to_o suppress_v this_o idolatry_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v break_v into_o piece_n within_o their_o several_a diocese_n but_o the_o popular_a torrent_n prevail_v over_o their_o zeal_n this_o same_o abomination_n enforce_v by_o custom_n be_v in_o fine_a authorize_v by_o those_o who_o part_n it_o be_v to_o reform_v it_o but_o a_o long_a time_n after_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n let_v we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o some_o innovation_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v at_o the_o same_o time_n anno_fw-la 528._o among_o the_o many_o other_o miracle_n practise_v in_o the_o church_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o apostle_n the_o anoint_v of_o the_o sick_a be_v one_o by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o recover_v bodily_a health_n now_o howbeit_o the_o gift_n of_o healing_n be_v together_o with_o other_o miracle_n become_v antiquate_v yet_o do_v some_o heretic_n affect_v to_o retain_v the_o use_n of_o this_o same_o unction_n though_o now_o vacate_v of_o its_o pristine_a efficacy_n address_v it_o to_o another_o end_n for_o about_o the_o year_n 180._o 18._o the_o valentinian_o anoint_v their_o sick_a with_o oil_n when_o ever_o they_o perceive_v they_o to_o be_v under_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n add_v thereunto_o certain_a prayer_n pretend_v that_o the_o same_o do_v conduce_v to_o soul-salvation_n this_o superstition_n find_v no_o entertainment_n save_v among_o some_o certain_a heretic_n the_o church_n ever_o have_v it_o in_o detestation_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 528._o fellix_fw-la iu._n bishop_n of_o rome_n institute_v extreme_a unction_n which_o be_v afterward_o amplify_v with_o ceremony_n and_o receive_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o sacrament_n now_o from_o what_o source_n it_o spring_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o determine_v anno_fw-la 535._o towards_o the_o year_n 535._o agapet_n i._o ordain_v procession_n before_o easter_n feast_n natal_n for_o which_o they_o give_v this_o goodly_a reason_n for_o as_o much_o say_v they_o as_o after_o the_o resurrection_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o angel_n say_v to_o the_o woman_n tell_v the_o disciple_n that_o he_o go_v before_o you_o into_o galilee_n 28._o now_o from_o this_o procession_n of_o easter_n those_o of_o the_o sabbath-day_n do_v afterward_o proceed_v anno_fw-la 536._o vigilius_n his_o successor_n natal_n ordain_v that_o those_o that_o celebrate_v the_o mass_n shall_v direct_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o altar_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o turn_v eastward_n to_o this_o vigilius_n be_v likewise_o attribute_v the_o feast_n of_o purification_n martion_n or_o candlemass_o whereof_o they_o give_v this_o account_n the_o pagan_n be_v wont_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o february_n to_o celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o proserpina_n with_o burn_a taper_n now_o for_o a_o diversion_n from_o this_o piece_n of_o pagan-impiety_n they_o institute_v the_o same_o day_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n anno_fw-la 600._o corruption_n be_v now_o become_v universal_a and_o nothing_o be_v henceforth_o to_o be_v see_v but_o horror_n we_o shall_v only_o run_v over_o the_o more_o principal_a the_o most_o notable_a change_n that_o befall_v religion_n come_v to_o pass_v towards_o the_o year_n 600._o this_o time_n be_v very_o dark_a the_o sun_n of_o truth_n overclouded_n and_o the_o bright_a star_n fall_v from_o heaven_n then_o be_v
gregory_n i._o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o not_o only_o approve_v of_o former_a innovation_n but_o superadd_v new_a one_o they_o substitute_v saint_n in_o the_o room_n of_o god_n to_o who_o they_o dedicate_v church_n festival_n and_o sacrifice_a priest_n private_a superstition_n be_v advance_v even_o to_o a_o invoke_v of_o they_o which_o invocation_n be_v now_o become_v public_a in_o the_o latin_a church_n for_o gregory_n enter_v the_o virgin_n mary_n into_o the_o litany_n and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o acquire_v the_o same_o honour_n to_o all_o the_o saint_n whereas_o former_o there_o be_v only_o plain_a picture_n in_o church_n they_o now_o erect_v statue_n therein_o not_o those_o of_o saint_n only_o but_o likewise_o those_o of_o emperor_n howbeit_o they_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o allot_v thereunto_o any_o kind_n of_o worship_n the_o opinion_n of_o purgatory_n heretofore_o conceive_v by_o a_o few_o begin_v now_o to_o be_v confirm_v howbeit_o their_o belief_n be_v as_o yet_o far_o different_a from_o the_o modern_a in_o the_o thing_n for_o they_o hold_v that_o depart_v soul_n do_v divers_a way_n expiate_v their_o own_o sin_n by_o bath_n ice_n sink_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n so_o doubtful_a hitherto_o be_v both_o the_o place_n and_o pain_n of_o purgatory_n nor_o have_v this_o doctrine_n any_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o pagan_n the_o pretend_a apparition_n of_o spirit_n and_o vulgar_a credulity_n those_o persuasion_n nevertheless_o travel_v with_o friendship_n to_o antiquate_a ceremony_n who_o scope_n be_v the_o solace_v of_o the_o dead_a they_o believe_v also_o that_o the_o eucharist_n may_v be_v beneficial_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v it_o subservient_fw-fr to_o this_o superstition_n turn_v a_o sacrament_n for_o the_o live_n into_o a_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o dead_a thus_o also_o whereas_o the_o offering_n for_o the_o dead_a be_v no_o other_o than_o alm_n bestow_v in_o memory_n of_o their_o piety_n they_o now_o receive_v the_o term_n of_o oblation_n into_o the_o very_a sacrament_n itself_o and_o that_o in_o expiation_n of_o their_o sin_n now_o proportionable_o to_o the_o introduction_n of_o new_a doctrine_n or_o new_a ceremony_n be_v the_o form_n of_o divine_a worship_n always_o chop_v and_o change_v as_o well_o in_o the_o eucharist_n as_o in_o public_a prayer_n liturgy_n be_v always_o different_a not_o only_o in_o several_a province_n but_o even_o frequent_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o witness_n among_o the_o greek_n those_o which_o be_v ascribe_v to_o st._n dionysius_n basile_n chrysostome_n and_o among_o the_o latin_n those_o attribute_v to_o st._n ambrose_n augustine_n and_o isidore_n yet_o notwithstanding_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o one_o another_o in_o substance_n so_o likewise_o they_o have_v many_o thing_n common_a in_o point_n of_o form_n now_o gregory_n undertake_v to_o redress_n and_o new-model_n all_o church-form_n alter_v and_o add_v many_o passage_n and_o out_o of_o this_o same_o medley_n compose_v the_o office_n of_o the_o mass_n after_o the_o same_o form_n well-nigh_o wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n borrow_v the_o same_o from_o hebrew_n and_o greek_a clause_n as_o kyrie_fw-la eleison_fw-la from_o the_o greek_n and_o haleluia_o from_o the_o church_n of_o jerusalem_n we_o must_v note_v moreover_o that_o the_o ancient_a church_n receive_v the_o offering_n present_v by_o the_o people_n beseech_v god_n that_o those_o fruit_n of_o charity_n may_v become_v acceptable_a to_o he_o to_o which_o purpose_n they_o pronounce_v these_o orison_n we_o pray_v thou_o to_o accept_v of_o and_o bless_v these_o gift_n these_o present_n these_o holy_a sacrifice_n etc._n etc._n vouchsafe_v to_o regard_v they_o with_o a_o serene_a and_o propitious_a aspect_n and_o to_o accept_v of_o they_o as_o thou_o didâ—_n of_o the_o offering_n of_o thy_o righteous_a child_n abel_n etc._n etc._n command_v that_o they_o be_v convey_v to_o thy_o holy_a altar_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o thou_o angel_n those_o orison_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o mass_n but_o alienate_v to_o quite_o another_o intent_n for_o whereas_o they_o be_v former_o rehearse_v over_o the_o eleemosynary_a present_n of_o the_o faithful_a they_o be_v now_o pronounce_v over_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n by_o a_o absurdity_n full_a of_o sacrilege_n inasmuch_o as_o they_o do_v in_o express_a term_n pray_v for_o jesus_n christ_n parallel_v he_o with_o the_o sacrifice_n offer_v by_o the_o patriarch_n of_o old_a then_o be_v the_o gregorian_a hymn_n receive_v into_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o mass_n till_o the_o year_n 368._o there_o be_v not_o yet_o any_o sing_v use_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n damasus_n bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o same_o time_n write_v to_o st._n jerome_n that_o he_o will_v send_v he_o the_o greek_a psalter_n because_o say_v he_o we_o be_v so_o studious_a of_o simplicity_n that_o upon_o the_o very_a sabbath-day_n there_o be_v only_o read_v one_o of_o the_o epistle_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o the_o beauty_n of_o psalm_n do_v not_o appear_v in_o our_o mouth_n now_o the_o psalm_n be_v wont_n at_o first_o to_o be_v sing_v whole_a and_o entire_a by_o all_o the_o people_n in_o one_o uniform_a and_o continue_a song_n but_o afterward_o by_o way_n of_o diapsalm_n or_o pause_n and_o intermission_n final_o towards_o the_o year_n 418._o celestine_n i._o appoint_v they_o to_o be_v sing_v by_o way_n of_o antiphony_n or_o anthem_n that_o be_v to_o say_v interchangeable_o â—y_a versicles_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o people_n do_v by_o turn_n answer_v one_o another_o after_o that_o they_o distinguish_v herein_o the_o â—ntroites_n sing_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o â—ervice_n the_o gradual_a when_o the_o deacon_n â—â—scended_v the_o pulpit-step_n in_o order_n to_o the_o â—ecture_n and_o the_o offertory_n whilst_o the_o people_n present_v their_o offering_n gregoryâ—hen_o â—hen_z compose_v a_o antiphonairy_n a_o book_n â—f_a anthem_n for_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o â—ear_n and_o versicles_n and_o responsal_n for_o every_o day_n thereof_o he_o likewise_o constitute_v a_o college_n or_o choir_n of_o singing-man_n to_o â—ing_v the_o office_n and_o as_o if_o he_o have_v project_v the_o reduction_n of_o judaisme_n 14._o he_o borrow_v divers_a ceremony_n therefrom_o for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o â—egan_v to_o introduce_v unction_n into_o the_o priestly_a order_n and_o pontifical_a habit_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o levite_n we_o â—ust_z note_n by_o the_o way_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o monk_n be_v otherwise_o apparel_v than_o the_o common_a people_n in_o time_n past_o their_o apparel_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o other_o save_v in_o â—he_n simplicity_n and_o plainness_n thereof_o but_o afterward_o like_a as_o habit_n among_o man_n continue_v not_o long_o in_o one_o fashion_n they_o be_v alter_v among_o secular_o but_o be_v always_o retain_v in_o the_o same_o fashion_n among_o the_o monk_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n benedict_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a rome_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o that_o latus_fw-la clavus_fw-la which_o be_v of_o old_a wear_v by_o the_o roman_n lest_o therefore_o they_o shall_v make_v way_n to_o a_o innovation_n in_o point_n of_o habit_n they_o ever_o affect_v to_o confine_v themselves_o to_o the_o ancient_a form_n which_o yet_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o prevaricate_v from_o and_o decline_v howbeit_o this_o fashion_n of_o vesture_n be_v always_o appropriate_v to_o they_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o at_o length_n they_o attribute_v a_o kind_n of_o sanctity_n to_o it_o the_o same_o likewise_o befall_v ecclesiastic_n but_o gregory_n in_o pursuit_n of_o a_o universal_a change_n impose_v upon_o they_o new_a fashion_a habit_n conformable_a to_o the_o pattern_n of_o those_o which_o be_v specify_v in_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n he_o likewise_o ordain_v the_o use_n of_o perfume_n and_o the_o relic_n of_o saint_n at_o the_o consecration_n of_o church_n as_o also_o a_o space_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o taper_n and_o afterward_o sabinian_n his_o successor_n order_v that_o the_o lamp_n shall_v continue_v in_o church_n perpetual_o burn_v whereas_o antiquity_n never_o light_v they_o but_o in_o the_o night_n time_n to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o assembly_n now_o gregory_n hâ—â—ing_v found_v a_o new_a form_n of_o divine_a service_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v receive_v throughout_o all_o the_o western_a church_n in_o token_n of_o subjection_n this_o design_n which_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o divers_a place_n produce_v such_o a_o confusion_n as_o remain_v incomposed_a to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v general_o know_v throughout_o europe_n the_o roman_a empire_n have_v spread_v it_o over_o
all_o the_o province_n under_o its_o command_n the_o western_a church_n have_v then_o the_o form_n of_o divine_a service_n in_o this_o language_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n understand_v by_o all_o but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n through_o the_o intercourse_n of_o barbarous_a nation_n disperse_v throughout_o the_o empire_n new_a tongue_n offer_v the_o latin_a become_v estrange_v yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o use_n thereof_o in_o church_n though_o the_o people_n have_v already_o lose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o same_o and_o indeed_o not_o only_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o religion_n in_o church_n but_o likewise_o matter_n of_o justice_n in_o palace_n and_o judicatory_n still_o manage_v in_o latin_a like_a as_o all_o contract_n and_o agreement_n be_v also_o write_v in_o the_o same_o language_n nor_o be_v it_o as_o yet_o a_o hundred_o year_n since_o this_o barbarism_n be_v expel_v france_n anno_fw-la 605._o hitherto_o be_v the_o church_n govern_v by_o divers_a patriarch_n each_o of_o who_o have_v his_o several_a jurisdiction_n apart_o every_o one_o of_o those_o within_o his_o respective_a patriarchy_n enact_v law_n and_o assemble_v council_n in_o which_o quality_n he_o of_o rome_n act_v but_o only_o as_o the_o rest_n to_o wit_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o it_o be_v that_o he_o frequent_o affect_v a_o universal_a preeminency_n over_o all_o the_o church_n sometime_o labour_v by_o might_n and_o main_a to_o transfer_v to_o himself_o the_o appeal_n of_o the_o other_o bishop_n sometime_o prevail_v upon_o the_o address_n of_o such_o as_o in_o hope_n of_o succour_n from_o he_o implore_v his_o assistance_n yea_o sometime_o allege_v forge_v and_o spurious_a act_n as_o at_o the_o six_o council_n of_o carthage_n which_o crush_v that_o attempt_n now_o in_o that_o of_o chalcedon_n hold_v about_o the_o year_n 450._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o constantinople_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a dignity_n nevertheless_o they_o procure_v the_o primacy_n the_o one_o in_o emulation_n of_o the_o other_o and_o many_o be_v the_o contest_v and_o controversy_n commence_v between_o they_o upon_o this_o occasion_n yea_o in_o the_o year_n 472._o the_o emperor_n leo_n determine_v in_o favour_n of_o he_o of_o constantinople_n confer_v upon_o he_o the_o precedency_n to_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o be_v style_v oecumenick_n but_o when_o once_o â—hocas_fw-es attain_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o murder_v of_o mauricius_n his_o predecessor_n this_o same_o parricide_n be_v on_o the_o one_o side_n offend_v with_o cyriacus_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n who_o refuse_v to_o countenance_v his_o inhumanity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o condign_a hatred_n of_o his_o action_n may_v occasion_v a_o revolt_n against_o himself_o in_o italy_n insomuch_o that_o boniface_n iii_o through_o offer_n make_v of_o his_o good_a service_n obtain_v of_o he_o that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v the_o capital_a church_n and_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v call_v the_o sovereign_n and_o universal_a bishop_n thus_o by_o a_o imperial_a edict_n and_o not_o by_o any_o divine_a right_n be_v there_o a_o universal_a bishop_n create_v in_o the_o church_n the_o quality_n which_o gregory_n himself_o decline_v 4._o none_o can_v possible_o affect_v but_o the_o forerunner_n of_o antichrist_n it_o be_v under_o colour_n of_o this_o specious_a title_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v ever_o from_o thence_o forward_o exert_v and_o execute_v all_o the_o act_n of_o their_o pretend_a primacy_n boniface_n iu._n soon_o after_o open_v the_o pantheon_n at_o rome_n and_o erect_v therein_o the_o image_n of_o all_o the_o saint_n 4_o in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pagan-god_n this_o be_v the_o temple_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v st._n marry_o the_o round_a world_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n namely_o in_o the_o year_n 610._o that_o monster_n mahomet_n the_o scourge_n of_o christianity_n show_v himself_o anno_fw-la 690._o till_o about_o the_o year_n 690._o the_o church_n use_v only_o the_o figure_n ✚_o of_o the_o cross_n consist_v of_o two_o traverse_v piece_n of_o wood_n and_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o represent_v jesus_n christ_n under_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lamb_n which_o be_v only_o a_o symbolical_a picture_n but_o the_o four_o general_a council_n ordain_v that_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n in_o his_o humane_a shape_n shall_v be_v affix_v to_o the_o cross_n only_o to_o re-mind_n we_o say_v they_o of_o his_o conversation_n in_o the_o flesh_n his_o passion_n and_o death_n thus_o begin_v the_o use_n of_o the_o crucifix_n but_o without_o any_o kind_n of_o adoration_n anno_fw-la 700._o etc._n etc._n then_o also_o be_v private_a mass_n obtrude_v wherein_o the_o priest_n communicate_v all_o alone_a this_o corruption_n spring_v from_o the_o lukewarmness_n of_o the_o people_n heretofore_o when_o as_o zeal_n be_v as_o yet_o vigorous_a the_o whole_a assembly_n do_v communicate_v and_o that_o every_o day_n of_o the_o week_n but_o this_o devotion_n wax_v cold_a the_o communion_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o sabbath_n and_o the_o more_o solemn_a day_n the_o clergy_n nevertheless_o still_o communicate_v every_o day_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o clergy_n likewise_o neglect_v the_o communion_n there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o priest_n alone_o that_o do_v communicate_v from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o instead_o of_o one_o great_a bread_n which_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o break_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a multitude_n they_o now_o consecrate_v only_a one_o small_a one_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o penny_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o one_o individual_a person_n likewise_o instead_o of_o the_o great_a vessel_n use_v for_o the_o sacramental_a wine_n they_o use_v viol_n in_o their_o mass-service_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o people_n have_v once_o abandon_v the_o communion_n do_v withal_o decline_v the_o present_n of_o any_o more_o offering_n that_o they_o may_v oblige_v they_o to_o a_o continuance_n 〈◊〉_d that_o liberality_n they_o give_v they_o to_o undeâ—â—stand_v that_o though_o they_o do_v not_o any_o moâ—_n communicate_v yet_o divine_a service_n shoulâ—_n not_o cease_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o available_a tâ—_n they_o provide_v they_o will_v continue_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o customary_a offering_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o communion_n they_o give_v they_o bread_n over_o which_o they_o pray_v call_v hallow_v bread_n thus_o be_v private_a mass_n substitute_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o priest_n when_o he_o communicate_v all_o alone_a by_o himself_o do_v still_o use_v the_o same_o term_n which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o pronounce_v when_o there_o be_v many_o communicant_n for_o he_o pray_v that_o the_o sacrament_n may_v tend_v to_o the_o salvation_n of_o all_o the_o receiver_n even_o than_o i_o say_v when_o as_o himself_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a partaker_n moreover_o from_o the_o relinquish_a of_o the_o eucharist_n another_o change_n proceed_v for_o when_o that_o this_o exercise_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o frequent_v the_o whole_a be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n save_v that_o in_o the_o first_o antiquity_n after_o a_o exhortation_n make_v by_o the_o pastor_n every_o one_o present_v pray_v with_o a_o submissive_a voice_n to_o the_o end_n that_o god_n may_v vouchsafe_v to_o bless_v the_o work_n but_o the_o remain_a part_n thereof_o especial_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o supper_n be_v pronounce_v very_o loud_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a assembly_n may_v hear_v afterward_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a appearance_n of_o person_n that_o offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o communion_n the_o priest_n begin_v to_o speak_v with_o a_o more_o low_a voice_n and_o final_o there_o be_v none_o present_a but_o the_o priest_n himself_o only_o who_o communicate_v he_o do_v at_o length_n utter_v the_o word_n of_o consecration_n so_o low_a as_o that_o none_o but_o himself_o can_v understand_v they_o this_o be_v call_v the_o secret_a of_o the_o mass_n spring_v from_o a_o misprision_n of_o the_o sacrament_n hold_v at_o this_o day_n for_o a_o mystery_n anno_fw-la 780._o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o church_n pasch._n that_o christian_n before_o the_o communion_n do_v interchangeable_o give_v each_o other_o the_o kiss_n of_o peace_n in_o token_n of_o fraternal_a union_n and_o concord_n for_o the_o lord_n prayer_n end_v they_o say_v peace_n be_v with_o we_o and_o with_o that_o the_o christian_n do_v mutual_o salute_v one_o another_o but_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o acquit_v themselves_o herein_o more_o out_o of_o ceremony_n than_o true_a charity_n they_o check_v and_o severe_o rebuke_v those_o who_o kiss_v of_o peace_n be_v only_o matter_n of_o lip-labour_n now_o about_o the_o year_n 780._o
model_n and_o example_n of_o that_o of_o rome_n whereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v many_o bishop_n and_o priest_n who_o will_v not_o in_o the_o least_o acknowledge_v he_o call_v he_o the_o author_n of_o lie_n a_o disturber_n of_o the_o christian_a peace_n and_o a_o corrupt_a of_o the_o faith_n of_o christian_n anno_fw-la 840._o rabanus_n maurus_n archbishop_n of_o mayence_n 14._o and_o disciple_n to_o alcuinus_fw-la who_o he_o esteem_v the_o most_o know_a person_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a of_o those_o time_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o clerk_n speak_v of_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o supper_n say_v that_o when_o we_o be_v command_v to_o eat_v the_o flesh_n and_o to_o drink_v the_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n it_o be_v a_o figurative_a locution_n and_o that_o this_o mystery_n be_v spiritual_a and_o for_o this_o reason_n thomas_n of_o walden_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o pope_n martin_n v._n who_o come_v to_o the_o popedom_n in_o the_o year_n 1417_o hold_v that_o he_o sense_v the_o holy_a sacrament_n amiss_o and_o rank_n he_o with_o heretic_n anno_fw-la 849._o bertram_z a_o preacher_n of_o great_a fame_n as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o profound_a knowledge_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o for_o his_o inculpableâ—life_n in_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n which_o he_o address_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o bald_a upon_o that_o emperor_n demand_v of_o his_o judgement_n touch_v the_o many_o controversy_n move_v about_o that_o doctrine_n do_v in_o resolution_n to_o what_o be_v propound_v to_o he_o plain_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o scripture_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o the_o ancient_a doctor_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o transubstantiation_n in_o the_o supper_n but_o that_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o wine_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o substance_n under_o and_o by_o which_o the_o body_n &_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n be_v in_o a_o invisible_a and_o spiritual_a manner_n distribute_v and_o apprehend_v by_o faith_n alone_o that_o there_o be_v a_o spiritual_a body_n in_o this_o mystery_n that_o it_o be_v a_o mystical_a and_o spiritual_a comprehension_n of_o he_o and_o not_o that_o very_a body_n which_o he_o assume_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n he_o stick_v not_o to_o say_v that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v therein_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o christ_n be_v there_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o power_n and_o efficacy_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n which_o do_v not_o only_o nourish_v but_o also_o purge_v and_o purify_v the_o soul._n we_o find_v not_o that_o this_o great_a man_n be_v ever_o reprehend_v or_o reckon_v a_o heretic_n because_o of_o this_o doctrine_n anno_fw-la 869._o at_o this_o time_n flourish_v john_n erigine_fw-la or_o erwine_n otherwise_o a_o scots-man_n skilled_a in_o the_o greek_a arabic_a and_o chaldaic_a tongue_n a_o most_o famous_a and_o incomparable_a divine_a all_o which_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o antoninus_n himself_o archbishop_n of_o florence_n vincent_n of_o beauvais_n sabellicus_n volateran_n and_o platina_n be_v accompany_v with_o singular_a holiness_n of_o life_n he_o be_v likewise_o so_o great_o endear_v to_o charles_n the_o bald_a king_n of_o france_n and_o emperor_n that_o he_o be_v by_o he_o detain_v in_o france_n where_o he_o receive_v from_o he_o very_o honourable_a entertainment_n occasion_n then_o offer_v itself_o for_o his_o declare_v of_o his_o judgement_n touch_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o eucharist_n he_o express_v himself_o therein_o in_o a_o book_n bear_v the_o very_a same_o title_n with_o that_o of_o bertram_n wherein_o in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o divine_a scripture_n and_o of_o pious_a father_n especial_o of_o st._n augustine_n he_o establish_v and_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o same_o faith_n which_o that_o learned_a bertram_n have_v teach_v a_o little_a before_o in_o fine_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a renown_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o alfred_n king_n of_o england_n have_v found_v the_o college_n now_o university_n of_o oxford_n give_v he_o a_o invitation_n to_o the_o presidency_n thereof_o anno_fw-la 950._o it_o be_v record_v by_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n eucharist_n that_o the_o belief_n both_o of_o the_o reality_n and_o of_o the_o conversion_n of_o sign_n which_o be_v by_o degree_n foist_v into_o this_o age_n of_o ignorance_n and_o barbarism_n be_v vigorous_o oppose_v and_o that_o divers_a question_n touch_v the_o same_o be_v agitate_a in_o england_n one_o party_n explain_v it_o one_o way_n the_o other_o quite_o another_o those_o who_o hold_v the_o affirmative_a part_n that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o dextrous_o proselyte_n their_o adversary_n obtrude_v prodigy_n and_o miracle_n aver_v that_o in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o species_n they_o see_v a_o comely_a little_a infant_n which_o be_v thrust_v into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o communicant_n instead_o of_o bread_n that_o there_o be_v blood_n find_v in_o the_o chalice_n that_o a_o devout_a ass_n worship_v the_o hostie_a and_o abundance_n of_o such_o miracle_n â—ut_v so_o gross_a &_o ridiculous_a as_o that_o the_o bare_a mention_v of_o they_o may_v suffice_v to_o discover_v their_o impertinency_n and_o forgery_n whereupon_o gabriel_n biel_n in_o his_o 51_o lesson_n oâ—_n the_o canon_n of_o the_o mass_n observe_v not_o amiss_o that_o those_o apparition_n of_o flesh_n &_o blood_n wherewith_o they_o entertain_v the_o people_n may_v happen_v through_o diabolical_a delusion_n for_o deceive_v of_o the_o simple_a god_n permit_v it_o so_o to_o be_v anno_fw-la 292._o there_o be_v a_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o all_o the_o church_n in_o france_n etc._n hold_v at_o rheims_n wherein_o arnulphus_n bishop_n of_o orleans_n the_o learn_a and_o most_o eloquert_a person_n of_o those_o time_n be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o conduct_n and_o managery_n of_o affair_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o that_o synod_n that_o this_o famous_a bishop_n cognosce_v upon_o matter_n therein_o agitate_a represent_v to_o that_o reverend_a assembly_n that_o all_o the_o poâ—es_n of_o this_o age_n be_v brand_v with_o notorious_a crime_n murder_n and_o tyranny_n monster_n of_o man_n full_a of_o infamy_n devoid_a of_o all_o knowledge_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o else_o say_v he_o think_v you_o that_o man_n be_v who_o sit_v upon_o a_o high_a and_o lofty_a throne_n glitter_v with_o gold_n and_o purple_n but_o the_o antichrist_n infallible_o sit_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o god_n who_o marble_n etc._n etc._n be_v as_o fit_a to_o be_v consult_v as_o himself_o he_o add_v further_a that_o iâ—_n be_v much_o better_a to_o require_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o low-countries_n and_o 〈◊〉_d germany_n than_o of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v at_o thâ—â—_n day_n expose_v to_o sale_n and_o weigh_v judgement_n in_o the_o unjust_a balance_n of_o filthy_a lucre_n etc._n etc._n that_o therefore_o assembly_n may_v be_v hold_v without_o his_o privity_n since_o that_o the_o canon_n of_o nice_a acknowledge_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o all_o council_n and_o decree_n enjoin_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o that_o regard_n shall_v be_v have_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n that_o her_o minister_n be_v those_o of_o antichrist_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n that_o the_o mystery_n of_o iniquity_n do_v already_o work_v since_o that_o which_o shall_v let_v to_o wit_n the_o roman_a power_n be_v already_o remove_v that_o that_o man_n of_o sin_n which_o oppose_v and_o exalt_v himself_o above_o the_o name_n and_o service_n of_o god_n begin_v to_o be_v reveal_v religion_n expose_v to_o ruin_n the_o name_n of_o god_n trample_v under_o foot_n with_o impunity_n and_o religious_a worship_n vilify_v even_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n themselves_o this_o be_v all_o the_o care_n that_o rome_n take_v of_o other_o 〈◊〉_d of_o herself_o anno_fw-la 1050._o berenger_n archdeacon_n of_o angiers_n do_v profound_o confute_v the_o real_a presence_n and_o other_o abuse_v usher_v into_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1059_o have_v make_v his_o appearance_n before_o the_o lateran_n council_n whither_o he_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o fear_n of_o some_o cruel_a usage_n he_o sign_v a_o confession_n contrary_n to_o his_o judgement_n mention_v below_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o after_o his_o return_n into_o france_n he_o retract_v the_o same_o and_o confirm_v his_o proselyte_n which_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n in_o his_o 3d_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o england_n do_v attest_v that_o all_o france_n be_v full_a of_o his_o doctrine_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n who_o add_v that_o not_o only_o the_o french_a but_o also_o great_a part_n of_o the_o italian_n and_o english_a embrace_v
itself_o to_o our_o soul_n in_o order_n to_o their_o warmth_n quicken_a and_o nourishment_n but_o that_o his_o sacred_a body_n must_v needs_o first_o redescend_v to_o we_o here_o below_o to_o be_v prostitute_v to_o a_o thousand_o indignity_n as_o will_v necessary_o follow_v upon_o that_o local_a and_o gross_a carnal_a presence_n which_o be_v teach_v and_o profess_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o rome_n we_o shall_v not_o stick_v to_o call_v the_o sacred_a ceremony_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n a_o sacrifice_n but_o only_o a_o eucharistical_a or_o a_o gratulatory_a sacrifice_n there_o be_v none_o expiatory_a 27._o other_o than_o that_o which_o our_o lord_n jesus_n offer_v upon_o the_o cross_n as_o the_o apostle_n in_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n prove_v we_o shall_v in_o like_a manner_n accord_n that_o none_o can_v ever_o eat_v of_o the_o supper_n of_o our_o lord_n with_o too_o much_o preparedness_n for_o fear_v of_o profane_v so_o sublime_a and_o dreadful_a a_o mystery_n to_o use_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o father_n forasmuch_o as_o those_o who_o approach_v unworthy_o and_o without_o a_o serious_a examination_n of_o their_o conscience_n that_o they_o may_v know_v whether_o they_o be_v furnish_v with_o faith_n repentance_n and_o charity_n which_o be_v qualification_n prerequire_v to_o the_o worthy_a participation_n of_o that_o holy_a communion_n do_v instead_o of_o receive_v the_o gauge_n of_o their_o salvation_n take_v and_o receive_v in_o st._n paul_n dialect_n their_o own_o condemnation_n in_o fine_a we_o shall_v make_v it_o yet_o further_o appear_v touch_v many_o other_o controvert_v point_n that_o we_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a or_o hateful_a as_o we_o be_v represent_v but_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v remark_v the_o more_o principal_a one_o from_o which_o one_o may_v judge_v whether_o there_o may_v be_v place_n for_o promise_v ourselves_o any_o reunion_n between_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o we_o by_o hold_v of_o a_o council_n in_o the_o manner_n by_o we_o propound_v never_o doubt_v but_o that_o god_n will_v crown_v with_o his_o blessing_n the_o design_n of_o so_o august_n and_o venerable_n a_o assembly_n and_o that_o the_o bishop_n doctor_n and_o minister_n of_o christ_n constitute_v the_o same_o humble_v of_o themselves_o in_o the_o first_o place_n before_o the_o father_n of_o light_n from_o who_o come_v every_o good_a and_o perfect_a gift_n as_o also_o every_o one_o of_o we_o in_o like_a manner_n with_o repentance_n fast_v and_o tear_n thereby_o with_o fervency_n implore_v the_o assistance_n of_o his_o holy_a spirit_n he_o will_v infallible_o vouchsafe_v the_o same_o unto_o we_o and_o grant_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o charity_n truth_n peace_n and_o concord_n may_v preside_v in_o a_o most_o singular_a manner_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o that_o reverend_n and_o pious_a council_n who_o member_n shall_v all_o of_o they_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o golden_a snuffer_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n 38_o eminent_a for_o purity_n and_o excellency_n of_o qualification_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o effectual_o serviceable_a in_o their_o sacred_a use_n of_o rid_v away_o what_o be_v superfluous_a and_o that_o great_a thief_n antichrist_n which_o eclipse_v the_o light_n and_o brightness_n of_o the_o candle_n of_o truth_n that_o be_v a_o happy_a day_n indeed_o which_o yet_o to_o we_o be_v rather_o matter_n of_o wish_n and_o would_a than_o fix_a hope_n and_o expectation_n howbeit_o there_o be_v nothing_o impossible_a with_o god_n who_o have_v his_o own_o time_n and_o season_n and_o hold_v the_o heart_n of_o all_o king_n and_o people_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n 21._o now_o unto_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o do_v exceed_v abundant_o above_o all_o that_o we_o ask_v or_o think_v according_a to_o the_o power_n that_o work_v effectual_o in_o we_o unto_o he_o be_v glory_n in_o the_o church_n by_o christ_n jesus_n throughout_o all_o age_n world_n without_o end_n a_o summary_n of_o those_o ceremony_n who_o original_a be_v report_v in_o this_o history_n according_a to_o the_o respective_a order_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o have_v their_o rise_n anno_fw-la 110_o etc._n etc._n the_o original_a of_o the_o custom_n of_o carry_v offering_n into_o the_o church_n why_o the_o eucharist_n be_v call_v a_o sacrifice_n the_o mixture_n of_o water_n with_o wine_n in_o the_o supper_n the_o custom_n of_o carry_v the_o eucharist_n to_o such_o as_o be_v not_o able_a to_o present_v themselves_o in_o the_o assembly_n the_o kiss_n of_o peace_n fast_v upon_o friday_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o quadragesimal_n time_n or_o lent_n anno_fw-la 160._o etc._n etc._n the_o rise_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o saint_n the_o day_n of_o their_o nativity_n and_o of_o assemble_v in_o cemetetery_n of_o the_o confession_n and_o satisfaction_n use_v in_o the_o primitive_a church_n anno_fw-la 195._o of_o the_o controversy_n commence_v about_o the_o feast_n of_o easter-day_n the_o first_o juridical_a attempt_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n anno_fw-la 200._o etc._n etc._n novel_a ceremony_n not_o practise_v at_o this_o day_n unction_n receive_v into_o baptism_n the_o custom_n of_o offer_v in_o commemoration_n of_o saint_n the_o manner_n how_o offer_v for_o the_o dead_a take_v its_o beginning_n the_o original_n of_o pray_v for_o the_o dead_a the_o reason_n why_o christian_n first_o use_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross._n of_o the_o indulgence_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n how_o martyr_n intercede_v with_o the_o church_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o penitent_n anno_fw-la 240._o etc._n etc._n prelude_v to_o the_o intercession_n of_o saint_n why_o public_a confession_n be_v change_v into_o particular_a the_o rise_v of_o penitentiaries_n what_o the_o profession_n of_o virgin_n be_v whence_o the_o use_n of_o dip_v bread_n in_o the_o eucharist_n proceed_v anno_fw-la 300._o etc._n etc._n why_o the_o table_n be_v call_v a_o altar_n why_o they_o begin_v to_o transport_v the_o corpse_n of_o martyr_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o the_o dedication_n of_o temple_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o holy_a sepulchre_n why_o pilgrimage_n into_o the_o holy-land_n be_v undertake_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o cross._n the_o reason_n of_o erect_v and_o paint_v of_o cross_n whence_o the_o vigil_n of_o festival_n and_o the_o use_n of_o taper_n in_o the_o church_n proceed_v the_o original_n of_o a_o monastic_a life_n anuo_fw-la 320._o the_o manner_n how_o rule_n of_o abstinence_n and_o law_n touch_v fast_v enter_v the_o church_n anno_fw-la 321._o the_o first_o institution_n of_o patriarch_n a_o decree_n concern_v easter-feast_n controversy_n about_o and_o the_o commencement_n of_o celibacy_n anno_fw-la 350_o etc._n etc._n apostrophee_n direct_v to_o saint_n pilgrimage_n undertake_v to_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o martyr_n anno_fw-la 380._o the_o progress_n of_o prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a and_o in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v conceive_v in_o what_o manner_n and_o quality_n image_n be_v receive_v into_o temple_n anno_fw-la 386._o the_o celibacy_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n ratify_v by_o decree_n anno_fw-la 400._o the_o rise_n of_o the_o vigil_n of_o the_o dead_a whence_o the_o use_n of_o chant_v and_o wax_v candle_n at_o burial_n proceed_v formality_n observe_v in_o the_o reception_n of_o penitent_n cross_n introduce_v into_o temple_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o church_n she_o proceedure_v towards_o demoniac_n the_o first_o conjecture_n about_o purgatory_n among_o christian_n anno_fw-la 450._o etc._n etc._n christian_n liberty_n oppress_v by_o reason_n of_o fast_n the_o institution_n of_o the_o fast_n of_o the_o four_o time_n and_o of_o the_o rogation_n vigil_n of_o saint_n convert_v into_o fast_n anno_fw-la 470._o etc._n etc._n the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n by_o who_o first_o of_o all_o introduce_v into_o the_o church_n anno_fw-la 490._o the_o attempt_n of_o some_o heretic_n affect_v to_o reject_v the_o cup_n in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n anno_fw-la 500_o etc._n etc._n the_o original_n of_o worship_v of_o image_n among_o the_o vulgar_a anno_fw-la 528._o extreme_a unction_n by_o who_o institute_v anno_fw-la 535._o procession_n by_o who_o ordain_v anno_fw-la 536._o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o altar_n be_v place_v in_o the_o east_n the_o institution_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o candlemass_n anno_fw-la 600._o etc._n etc._n the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n introduce_v into_o the_o latin_a church_n statue_n erect_v in_o temple_n the_o progress_n of_o the_o belief_n of_o purgatory_n the_o eucharist_n convert_v into_o a_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o dead_a the_o canon_n of_o the_o mass_n by_o who_o compose_v the_o mass-song_n the_o unction_n and_o original_a of_o priestly_a vestment_n perfume_n and_o the_o relic_n of_o saint_n in_o the_o consecration_n of_o temple_n taper_n light_v in_o broad-day-light_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o service_n in_o the_o latine-tongue_n anno_fw-la 605._o the_o manner_n how_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n
a_o history_n of_o ancient_a ceremony_n contain_v a_o account_n â—f_o their_o rise_n and_o growth_n their_o first_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n and_o their_o gradual_a advancement_n to_o superstition_n therein_o write_a original_o in_o french_a but_o now_o for_o general_a information_n and_o benefit_n faithful_o translate_v into_o english_a the_o second_o impression_n correct_v the_o first_o be_v 1668._o mark_v 7._o v_o 7_o 8_o 9_o in_o vain_a do_v they_o worship_v i_o teach_v for_o doctrine_n the_o commandment_n of_o man_n for_o lay_v aside_o the_o commandment_n of_o god_n you_o hold_v the_o tradition_n of_o man_n etc._n etc._n he_o say_v likewise_o unto_o they_o full_a well_o do_v you_o frustrate_v the_o commandment_n of_o god_n that_o you_o may_v keep_v your_o own_o tradition_n london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o the_o translator_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o degeneracy_n of_o the_o church_n christian_n reader_n from_o that_o faith_n which_o be_v by_o the_o apostle_n deliver_v to_o the_o saint_n by_o christ_n himself_o to_o the_o apostle_n and_o by_o god_n the_o father_n to_o christ_n be_v matter_n of_o sad_a and_o serious_a but_o seasonable_a speculation_n the_o primitive_a church_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o she_o more_o immediate_a conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n a_o burn_a and_o shine_a light_n but_o alas_o how_o be_v the_o noble_a vine_n become_v a_o degenerate_a plant_n yield_a instead_o of_o the_o cluster_n of_o canaan_n the_o wild_a grape_n of_o gomorrah_n what_o tare_n have_v there_o be_v sow_v in_o god_n enclosure_n what_o chaff_n mix_v with_o his_o wheat_n what_o store_n of_o wood_n hay_o and_o stubble_n in_o stead_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o precious_a stone_n in_o his_o sanctuary_n how_o be_v christ_n body_n mystical_a become_v a_o ichabod_n this_o burn_a and_o shine_a light_n become_v successive_o ever_o after_o the_o first_o century_n and_o age_n of_o the_o church_n for_o the_o space_n of_o fourteen_o hundred_o 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worst_a of_o all_o deprave_v light_n and_o truth_n with_o error_n and_o heresy_n heaâ—_n and_o zeal_n with_o the_o strange_a fire_n of_o idoâ—latry_n and_o superstition_n jewish-pagan_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n the_o true_a mark_n of_o the_o false_a church_n of_o rome_n many_a or_o most_o of_o which_o myself_o have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n and_o spectator_n of_o abroad_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o gradual_o introduce_v into_o the_o church_n and_o vigorous_o propagate_v even_o to_o a_o universal_a corruption_n in_o matter_n both_o of_o doctrine_n and_o worship_n therein_o especial_o since_o the_o rise_v and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o antichrist_n who_o have_v not_o fail_v to_o join_v the_o serpent_n with_o the_o dragon_n policy_n with_o cruelty_n for_o that_o end_n for_o which_o very_a reason_n our_o retreat_n and_o secession_n from_o that_o adulterous_a church_n shall_v be_v to_o speak_v with_o st._n jerome_n a_o thousand_o time_n the_o dear_a and_o more_o precious_a to_o we_o marcellan_n and_o may_v we_o in_o conformity_n to_o a_o high_a oracle_n never_o say_v a_o confederacy_n to_o her_o more_o except_o upon_o god_n own_o term_n of_o accommodation_n 19_o let_v she_o return_v unto_o thou_o but_o return_v not_o thou_o unto_o she_o till_o that_o bless_a day_n of_o power_n whereon_o the_o jealous_a god_n zealous_a for_o his_o truth_n and_o worship_n raise_v up_o and_o animate_v those_o famous_a champion-worthies_a luther_n and_o calvin_n with_o their_o fellow-reformer_n wisdom_n advocate_n as_o well_o as_o child_n unto_o a_o rescue_v of_o the_o truth_n hold_v so_o long_o in_o unrighteousness_n and_o a_o earnest_n contest_v for_o the_o abovenamed_a faith_n which_o be_v once_o deliver_v to_o the_o saint_n dictate_v by_o god_n own_o spirit_n record_v in_o his_o word_n and_o by_o a_o continue_a series_n &_o succession_n of_o his_o servant_n professor_n under_o both_o testament_n ever_o since_o the_o war_n be_v first_o commence_v between_o the_o two_o seed_n without_o interruption_n own_a and_o maintain_v profess_v preserve_v propagate_v and_o through_o his_o good_a providence_n truth_n be_v chief_a guardian_n happy_o transmit_v and_o convey_v to_o we_o at_o last_o god_n have_v never_o leave_v himself_o without_o a_o witness_n of_o his_o truth_n in_o the_o church_n more_o than_o of_o his_o power_n in_o the_o world_n which_o they_o polish_a and_o refine_a and_o for_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v with_o they_o recover_v to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o primitive_a light_n and_o lustre_n resolve_v all_o into_o original_a authority_n the_o law_n and_o the_o testimony_n howbeit_o our_o adversary_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n do_v ignorant_o or_o insolent_o charge_v the_o reform_a religion_n with_o enthusiastic_a novelty_n as_o be_v of_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n date_n and_o of_o yesterday_o calculate_v its_o rise_n by_o its_o resurrection_n the_o sunrising_n by_o a_o sunshine_n as_o if_o its_o reformer_n be_v its_o author_n and_o they_o founder_n where_o they_o be_v only_a repairer_n whereas_o themselves_o do_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n like_o the_o gibeonite_n under_o colour_n of_o the_o rag_n and_o tatter_n of_o their_o superstitious_a ceremony_n and_o the_o dry_a and_o mouldy_a bread_n of_o their_o corrupt_a doctrine_n pretend_v to_o be_v come_v from_o far_o as_o if_o the_o ancient_n of_o day_n be_v the_o parent_n of_o their_o novel_a and_o spurious_a brat_n but_o we_o who_o have_v consult_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o eternal_a god_n have_v not_o so_o learned_a christ_n be_v inform_v and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o only_a infallible_a one_o that_o how_o specious_a &_o plausible_a to_o flesh_n and_o blood_n soever_o their_o religion_n be_v it_o be_v ever_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v full_a of_o carnal_a and_o meritricious_a allurement_n than_o of_o argument_n yet_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o now_o reader_n be_v that_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n dedicate_v under_o its_o first_o edition_n by_o its_o anonymus_fw-la but_o judicious_a and_o sober_a learned_a author_n to_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o of_o bless_a memory_n and_o under_o the_o last_o with_o addition_n by_o another_o very_a good_a hand_n to_z king_n charles_n the_o second_o our_o present_a sovereign_n comprehend_v a_o brief_a historical_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a more_o especial_o of_o the_o rise_n and_o growth_n of_o church-rite_n and_o ceremony_n their_o first_o introduction_n into_o the_o church_n and_o their_o gradual_a propagation_n and_o advancement_n to_o superstition_n in_o it_o of_o the_o witness_n of_o truth_n all_o along_o that_o dark_a and_o tedious_a interval_n of_o about_o fourteen_o hundred_o year_n under_o the_o great_a defection_n superstition_n and_o torrid_a zone_n of_o antichristian_a persecution_n namely_o father_n council_n confessor_n martyr_n and_o other_o pious_a zealot_n and_o votary_n valiant_a for_o the_o truth_n all_o which_o die_v in_o the_o faith_n and_o many_o of_o they_o for_o it_o the_o name_n and_o successful_a endeavour_n of_o the_o first_o reformer_n those_o tree_n of_o righteousness_n whereby_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n embitter_v with_o romish_a wormwood_n revel_v 8._o 11._o be_v sweeten_v and_o many_o other_o particular_n specify_v in_o the_o useful_a and_o fruitful_a preface_n prefix_v to_o the_o treatise_n from_o which_o i_o have_v only_o lop_v off_o what_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v more_o luxuriant_a and_o superfluous_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v thou_o so_o that_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o write_n of_o father_n and_o other_o church-history_n as_o those_o of_o sozomen_n eusebius_n epiphanius_n the_o magdenburgian_n centuriator_n etc._n etc._n at_o large_a be_v here_o represent_v by_o way_n of_o short_a compend_n and_o breviary_n i_o therefore_o conceive_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o same_o into_o our_o vernacular_a tongue_n a_o thing_n more_o recreative_a than_o laborious_a to_o be_v well_o worthy_a of_o my_o more_o spare-hour_n and_o the_o perusal_n thereof_o
demolish_n of_o the_o pantheon_n they_o have_v repair_v it_o under_o another_o name_n rotunda_n and_o so_o far_o be_v they_o from_o christianize_a of_o pagan_n that_o they_o have_v paganize_v christian_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n may_v we_o here_o expatiate_v to_o make_v those_o thing_n more_o full_o and_o exact_o to_o appear_v as_o likewise_o how_o that_o many_o even_o great_a and_o learned_a person_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v unanimous_o accord_v in_o the_o case_n and_o have_v lose_v all_o shame_n do_v glory_n in_o this_o same_o mymmick_a and_o apish_a substitution_n but_o what_o have_v be_v say_v may_v suffice_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o way_n plain_o enough_o to_o discover_v they_o likeas_a pagan_a idolatry_n and_o superstition_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o prodigious_a extravagancy_n we_o may_v likewise_o with_o no_o small_a probability_n assert_v that_o the_o follower_n of_o martion_n arrius_n nestorius_n eutiche_n and_o other_o heretic_n who_o mar_v or_o destroy_v the_o orthodox_n doctrine_n concern_v the_o humanity_n of_o jesus_n christ_n be_v the_o author_n or_o abettor_n of_o transubstantiation_n and_o those_o that_o make_v way_n for_o the_o entrance_n of_o that_o gross_a opinion_n which_o be_v a_o stone_n of_o stumble_a both_o to_o jew_n and_o mahometan_n and_o the_o main_a obstacle_n that_o forestall_v their_o closure_n with_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n witness_n on_o that_o behalf_n the_o famous_a averrhoe_n who_o say_v he_o never_o find_v any_o religion_n more_o absurd_a than_o that_o of_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o make_v their_o own_o god_n and_o then_o to_o eat_v he_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o thenceforth_o take_v up_o a_o resolution_n he_o cry_v out_o i_o will_v soon_o choose_v to_o die_v and_o that_o my_o soul_n may_v be_v with_o the_o philosopher_n than_o to_o have_v any_o communion_n with_o the_o christian_a communion_n whereunto_o may_v well_o be_v add_v what_o be_v report_v by_o seiur_fw-fr de_fw-fr boulaye_n le_fw-fr goux_fw-fr in_o his_o travel_n namely_o that_o himself_o and_o his_o companion_n all_o christian_n be_v by_o the_o turk_n immure_v in_o some_o certain_a prison_n in_o anatolia_n suffer_v many_o affront_n and_o injury_n from_o they_o who_o unto_o the_o rest_n super_fw-la add_v this_o as_o the_o severe_a of_o all_o that_o they_o be_v the_o disciple_n and_o worshipper_n of_o mange_n dieu_n the_o breaden_a god_n these_o many_o tumultuary_a revolution_n and_o fearful_a disturbance_n that_o befall_v the_o church_n which_o shall_v be_v note_v hereafter_o shall_v not_o notwithstanding_o scandalize_v the_o faithful_a this_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o be_v foretell_v and_o we_o know_v what_o that_o dreadful_a comination_n of_o our_o lord_n be_v touch_v 5._o the_o remove_n of_o the_o candlestick_n out_o of_o his_o place_n in_o those_o church_n which_o do_v not_o continue_v in_o their_o first_o work_n and_o that_o of_o st._n etc._n paul_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n who_o consider_v as_o proselyte_v from_o gentilism_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n call_v they_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o wild_a olive-tree_n who_o be_v transplant_v and_o ingraff_v into_o the_o genuine_a and_o true_a olive_n namely_o jesus_n christ_n 5._o descend_v of_o the_o jew_n according_a to_o the_o flesh_n in_o who_o all_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o the_o father_n he_o declare_v unto_o they_o that_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v through_o supercilious_a pride_n and_o ambition_n magnify_v and_o over-advance_a themselves_o above_o the_o native_a branch_n who_o for_o their_o sake_n be_v break_v off_o they_o may_v just_o expect_v the_o like_a entertainment_n and_o non-indulgence_n but_o that_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o considerable_a be_v the_o grand_a apostasy_n and_o defection_n which_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n have_v advertise_v we_o shall_v happen_v under_o the_o manifestation_n of_o the_o man_n of_o sin_n 1._o have_v be_v please_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o notify_v to_o we_o both_o the_o time_n of_o his_o rise_n and_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n the_o colour_n of_o his_o apparel_n the_o number_n of_o his_o name_n the_o nature_n of_o his_o doctrine_n even_o to_o the_o very_o least_o circumstance_n which_o may_v any_o wise_a tend_v to_o a_o particular_a designation_n of_o he_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v be_v discern_v when_o exhibit_v and_o fellowship_n with_o he_o shun_v as_o be_v of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n the_o most_o pestilential_a st._n paul_n inform_v we_o &c_n that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o mystery_n of_o iniquity_n shall_v begin_v to_o work_v and_o that_o that_o which_o shall_v hinder_v his_o manifestation_n shall_v be_v the_o then_o prevail_a power_n in_o the_o earth_n upon_o who_o ruin_n the_o kingdom_n of_o antichrist_n shall_v be_v erect_v and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o this_o be_v the_o main_a reason_n why_o the_o primitive_a christian_n ever_o be_v so_o importunate_a in_o their_o prayer_n to_o god_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o wise_o foresee_v that_o the_o destruction_n and_o overthrow_n thereof_o will_v produce_v a_o lamentable_a revolution_n in_o the_o church_n and_o the_o revelation_n of_o that_o man_n of_o sin_n whereof_o without_o all_o doubt_n they_o have_v some_o previous_a advertisement_n give_v they_o by_o the_o apostle_n â—â—r_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o that_o prophesy_n be_v contain_v he_o bespeak_v they_o thus_o yâ—_n know_v what_o withhold_v etc._n etc._n and_o remember_v you_o not_o that_o when_o i_o be_v yet_o with_o you_o i_o tell_v you_o these_o thing_n where_o out_o of_o a_o holy_a prudence_n he_o express_v himself_o in_o a_o covert_a manner_n leave_v otherwise_o he_o may_v expose_v himself_o to_o the_o rancour_n and_o malice_n both_o of_o potentate_n and_o people_n who_o be_v already_o but_o too_o much_o foment_v and_o incense_v into_o a_o opposition_n to_o the_o faithful_a this_o be_v the_o very_a persuasion_n of_o the_o ancient_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n touch_v this_o matter_n some_o of_o who_o testimony_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o for_o justification_n of_o our_o own_o sense_n therein_o we_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v tertullian_n answer_v to_o a_o question_n by_o himself_o propound_v in_o the_o case_n 1._o what_o else_o be_v this_o say_v he_o than_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o apostate-party_n disperse_v themselves_o into_o ten_o several_a kingdom_n shall_v gain_v follower_n to_o antichrist_n and_o than_o shall_v that_o wicked_a be_v reveal_v st._n i_o express_v himself_o thus_o algos_n antichrist_n shall_v not_o appeaâ—_n till_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v destroy_v and_o the_o nation_n revolt_v from_o it_o that_o which_o st._n paul_n dare_v not_o speak_v open_o for_o fear_v lest_o by_o so_o do_v he_o may_v have_v accelerate_a upon_o the_o church_n a_o persecution_n which_o be_v then_o but_o new_o hatch_v st._n etc._n chrysostome_n give_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o it_o for_o say_v he_o as_o long_o as_o the_o dread_n of_o that_o great_a empire_n shall_v continue_v no_o person_n will_v with_o his_o good_a will_v submit_v himself_o to_o antichrist_n but_o when_o that_o shall_v be_v once_o overthrow_v he_o shall_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o vacant_a empire_n and_o usurp_v dominion_n over_o both_o god_n and_o man_n furthermore_o that_o be_v well_o worthy_a of_o our_o consideration_n which_o the_o belove_a disciple_n of_o our_o lord_n teach_v we_o in_o his_o first_o general_a epistle_n 18._o namely_o that_o in_o the_o last_o time_n for_o thus_o he_o describe_v the_o gospel-oeconomy_n since_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o expect_v any_o other_o in_o which_o they_o have_v learn_v that_o antich_n shall_v appear_v there_o be_v already_o many_o antichrist_n and_o such_o in_o effect_n be_v ebion_n and_o cerinthus_n who_o teach_v that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v not_o the_o son_n of_o god_n nor_o coessential_a with_o the_o father_n those_o will_v have_v destroy_v his_o divinity_n and_o he_o who_o shall_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o antichrist_n be_v as_o the_o same_o apostle_n teach_v guide_v by_o the_o very_a selfsame_a spirit_n of_o impiety_n and_o error_n shall_v endeavour_v what_o in_o he_o lie_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o humanity_n the_o glory_n of_o his_o royalty_n the_o dignity_n of_o his_o priesthood_n and_o the_o excellency_n of_o his_o prophecy_n and_o indeed_o what_o less_o can_v be_v say_v of_o he_o who_o be_v represent_v to_o we_o as_o the_o person_n that_o shall_v oppose_v himself_o to_o all_o that_o be_v call_v god_n 4._o or_o be_v worship_v and_o that_o even_o to_o the_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o god_n that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a as_o all_o the_o father_n do_v interpret_v it_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n which_o may_v give_v we_o to_o understand_v according_a to_o the_o dialect_n of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o he_o
controversy_n commence_v therein_o 22._o it_o be_v the_o constant_a opinion_n of_o the_o writer_n of_o ecclesiastical_a history_n that_o the_o apostle_n never_o impose_v any_o law_n oblige_v the_o church_n to_o the_o observance_n of_o any_o feast_n whatsoever_o no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o that_o of_o easter_n but_o that_o such_o solemnity_n be_v voluntary_o introduce_v by_o christian_n and_o authorize_v by_o custom_n and_o in_o effect_n the_o very_a diversity_n of_o usage_n find_v among_o they_o in_o that_o observance_n do_v abundant_o manifest_v the_o indifferency_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o all_o the_o church_n of_o asia_n the_o less_o do_v celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o easter_n upon_o the_o fourteen_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o march_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o jew_n allege_v that_o this_o be_v their_o constant_a practice_n ever_o since_o saint_n john_n do_v exercise_v his_o apostleship_n in_o ephesus_n but_o the_o european_a christian_n in_o regard_n they_o will_v have_v no_o manner_n of_o communion_n with_o the_o jew_n do_v celebrate_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o sabbath_n follow_v howbeit_o thiâ—_n difference_n do_v nothing_o infringe_v the_o union_n of_o the_o church_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 195â—_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v controvert_v the_o one_o party_n labour_v to_o reduce_v the_o other_o to_o thâ—_n term_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o customeâ—_n touch_v which_o difference_n several_a council_n be_v hold_v the_o eastern_a in_o opposition_n to_o the_o western_a and_o both_o in_o fine_a foment_v tâ—_n that_o excess_n of_o heat_n &_o passion_n as_o that_o victor_n bishop_n of_o rome_n make_v bold_a by_o a_o process_n and_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n till_o then_o unhearâ—_n of_o to_o excommunicate_v all_o the_o asiatic_a church_n whereupon_o he_o be_v censureâ—_n by_o sundry_a bishop_n ireneus_fw-la superintendent_n in_o the_o french_a church_n by_o name_n who_o do_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o example_n remonstrate_v to_o he_o that_o such_o observance_n be_v thing_n arbitrary_a and_o indifferent_a and_o that_o diversity_n therein_o do_v never_o heretofore_o interrupt_v mutual_a correspondence_n among_o the_o church_n anno_fw-la 200._o etc._n etc._n the_o age_n ensue_v be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o ceremony_n for_o beside_o that_o they_o retain_v many_o thing_n proceed_v from_o jewish_a custom_n the_o pagan_n also_o incorporate_n themselves_o into_o the_o christian_a church_n intermingle_v therewith_o many_o and_o various_a pagan_a rite_n now_o the_o observance_n of_o that_o time_n be_v not_o all_o continue_a for_o many_o of_o they_o have_v be_v afterward_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n be_v not_o at_o all_o practise_v at_o this_o day_n 3._o for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v not_o approve_v that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v administer_v to_o little_a child_n which_o be_v practise_v then_o and_o a_o long_a time_n after_o that_o nor_o that_o it_o be_v celebrate_v in_o the_o evening_n nor_o that_o the_o baptise_a be_v make_v to_o taste_v of_o milk_n and_o honey_n militis_fw-la as_o be_v practise_v in_o africa_n nor_o of_o the_o cannon_n forbid_v people_n to_o pray_v kneel_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o from_o easter_n to_o whitsuntide_n ib_o and_o command_v they_o to_o pray_v stand_v whence_o the_o term_n station_n have_v its_o rise_n nor_o the_o custom_n of_o give_v the_o eucharist_n to_o woman_n to_o be_v by_o they_o carry_v to_o their_o house_n keep_v in_o coffer_n and_o eat_v in_o a_o corner_n nor_o that_o of_o send_v it_o to_o the_o sick_a by_o the_o hand_n of_o child_n nor_o of_o that_o notorious_a abuse_n which_o be_v then_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n of_o propine_v pure_a water_n instead_o of_o wine_n under_o pretence_n of_o sobriety_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n nor_o yet_o of_o that_o prayer_n whereby_o they_o beseech_v god_n for_o a_o proorastination_n of_o the_o last_o day_n nor_o of_o many_o other_o ceremony_n which_o we_o pass_v with_o silence_n let_v we_o then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o such_o as_o serve_v for_o modern_a pretence_n and_o the_o respective_a source_n whence_o they_o be_v spring_v it_o be_v a_o pagan_a custom_n that_o those_o who_o come_v out_o of_o bath_n the_o use_n whereof_o be_v very_o frequent_a do_v anoint_v themselves_o with_o oil_n wrestler_n also_o and_o such_o as_o be_v to_o run_v a_o career_n that_o they_o may_v become_v the_o more_o supple_a and_o active_a be_v accustom_v to_o oil_n and_o anoint_v their_o body_n christian_n possible_o in_o imitation_n hereof_o anoint_v those_o who_o they_o baptise_a in_o a_o athletic_n or_o championlike_o capacity_n who_o be_v single_v out_o to_o combat_v the_o world_n which_o ceremony_n they_o authorize_v by_o the_o old_a testament_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o judaisme_n this_o unction_n however_o can_v make_v nothing_o for_o the_o pretend_a sacrament_n of_o confirmation_n nor_o be_v it_o ever_o apply_v to_o die_a person_n as_o be_v practise_v at_o this_o day_n we_o have_v see_v how_o that_o they_o carry_v their_o offering_n into_o the_o church_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o hold_v their_o assembly_n upon_o the_o day_n solemnize_v for_o the_o martyr_n the_o offering_n present_v by_o they_o upon_o those_o day_n cypr_fw-la be_v entitle_v sacrifice_n or_o oblation_n offer_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o saint_n the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o day_n occasion_v that_o title_n for_o nothing_o pass_v in_o that_o action_n relate_v â—o_o the_o saint_n other_o than_o simple_a commemoration_n and_o those_o offering_n be_v not_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o bread_n and_o wine_n only_o or_o the_o very_a first_o fruit_n themselves_o employ_v unto_o several_a end_n and_o use_n it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a 18._o that_o to_o induce_v every_o one_o to_o contribute_v something_o the_o name_n of_o those_o who_o offer_v and_o the_o offering_n itself_o be_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n proclaim_v in_o the_o church_n which_o yet_o be_v by_o many_o disallow_v of_o even_o a_o long_a time_n after_o at_o the_o same_o time_n offering_n for_o the_o dead_a have_v their_o rise_n 16._o whereof_o we_o must_v know_v the_o institution_n for_o though_o they_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o custom_n usher_v in_o by_o pagan_n nevertheless_o the_o intent_n of_o they_o be_v quite_o another_o thing_n than_o what_o they_o be_v afterward_o apply_v to_o any_o one_o then_o have_v depart_v this_o life_n 6._o the_o year_n full_o exspire_v they_o commemorate_a in_o the_o assembly_n the_o name_n of_o the_o defunct_a upon_o that_o day_n declare_v how_o happy_a he_o be_v have_v die_v in_o faith_n and_o all_o that_o be_v present_a beseech_v god_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v they_o the_o like_a exit_z which_o do_v the_o parent_n or_o friend_n of_o the_o decease_a that_o they_o may_v render_v his_o memory_n honourable_a present_v the_o church_n or_o the_o poor_a present_a at_o the_o action_n with_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o bread_n or_o other_o alimental_n many_o of_o they_o also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v order_n that_o their_o name_n may_v after_o their_o death_n through_o such_o act_n of_o charity_n continue_v in_o a_o sweet_a savour_n in_o the_o church_n bequeath_v to_o that_o effect_n certain_a testamentary_a legacy_n to_o be_v yearly_o pay_v to_o the_o legatee_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o their_o decease_n upon_o which_o foundation_n the_o anniverssary_n be_v ground_v now_o those_o offering_n be_v only_a memorial_n of_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o dead_a not_o expiatory_a sacrifice_n for_o the_o very_a woman_n who_o be_v never_o permit_v to_o sacrifice_n do_v yet_o offer_v in_o memory_n of_o their_o decease_a husband_n beside_o many_o present_v such_o offering_n upon_o their_o birthday_n this_o be_v a_o act_n of_o recognition_n only_o and_o a_o piece_n of_o homage_n pay_v to_o god_n who_o give_v they_o life_n upon_o that_o day_n then_o also_o begin_v pray_v for_o the_o dead_a militis_fw-la which_o the_o christian_n of_o that_o age_n confess_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o custom_n and_o not_o upon_o scripture_n rank_v it_o among_o many_o other_o observance_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n disallow_v of_o by_o the_o church_n of_o romeâ—_n now_o we_o must_v careful_o remark_n in_o what_o sense_n antiquity_n pray_v for_o the_o dead_a for_o she_o never_o believe_v that_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o place_n of_o torment_n 55._o and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o purgatory_n be_v as_o yet_o as_o unknown_a as_o fabulous_a but_o she_o hold_v that_o the_o depart_a soul_n of_o the_o faithful_a be_v not_o admit_v into_o the_o joy_n of_o the_o beatific_a vision_n till_o after_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o they_o be_v reserve_v in_o some_o certain_a subterraneous_a place_n till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o resurrection_n she_o pray_v then_o for_o the_o consummation_n of_o their_o glory_n and_o earnest_o entreat_v that_o she_o may_v be_v join_v with_o they_o and_o have_v part_n in_o
â—hat_n they_o inter_v the_o body_n under_o the_o communion-table_n 85._o for_o the_o custom_n of_o lay_v they_o upon_o the_o altar_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o practise_v this_o zeal_n flame_v yet_o further_o even_o to_o a_o research_n after_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o ancient_a prophet_n to_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o yield_v no_o kind_n of_o adoration_n the_o building_n &_o beautify_v of_o church_n be_v another_o product_n of_o this_o peace_n which_o with_o solemn_a prayer_n they_o devout_o consecrate_v to_o god_n whereunto_o superstition_n do_v in_o after_o time_n add_v the_o ceremony_n of_o consecration_n now_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o infidel_n endeavour_v what_o they_o can_v to_o abolish_v the_o memory_n of_o christ_n sepulchre_n which_o be_v in_o jerusalem_n heap_v dust_n and_o dung_n upon_o it_o and_o build_v in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o temple_n of_o venus_n wherein_o they_o sacrifice_v the_o devotion_n of_o this_o emperor_n constantine_n be_v such_o as_o that_o he_o demolish_v those_o execrable_a monument_n and_o instead_o of_o they_o cause_v a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o very_a same_o place_n where_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o christ_n be_v he_o build_v another_o upon_o the_o mount_n of_o olive_n and_o a_o three_o in_o bethlehem_n at_o that_o time_n palestina_n be_v purge_v from_o idol_n many_o christian_n prompt_v by_o a_o pious_a curiosity_n travel_v to_o those_o place_n which_o have_v be_v ennoble_v with_o the_o presence_n and_o miracle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n especial_o with_o a_o purpose_n to_o see_v the_o sepulchre_n wherein_o he_o be_v lay_v hierong_n but_o this_o same_o repair_n to_o jerusalem_n be_v afterward_o reckon_v matter_n of_o religion_n that_o error_n be_v suppress_v by_o the_o most_o eminent_a doctor_n of_o this_o age._n it_o be_v in_o this_o journey_n that_o helena_n the_o mother_n of_o constantine_n find_v as_o they_o say_v the_o true_a cross_n and_o the_o very_a nail_n with_o which_o our_o lord_n be_v fasten_v thereunto_o and_o however_o the_o history_n be_v suspect_v yet_o be_v it_o therein_o attest_v that_o constantine_n cause_v one_o of_o those_o same_o nail_n to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o bit_n of_o his_o horse_n bridle_v thus_o fit_v the_o relic_n for_o his_o horse_n mouth_n he_o show_v that_o he_o mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o iss_v it_o with_o his_o own_o nor_o do_v helena_n herself_o the_o suppose_a inventress_n ever_o adore_v the_o wood_n of_o the_o cross_n ambros._n as_o one_o of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o same_o age_n have_v observe_v we_o must_v here_o remember_v that_o the_o primitive_a christian_n have_v no_o other_o cross_n than_o the_o bare_a sign_n of_o it_o which_o they_o form_v in_o the_o air_n now_o they_o report_v that_o constantine_n whilst_o as_o yet_o interpendent_a and_o waver_a between_o paganism_n and_o the_o christian_a profession_n see_v one_o day_n in_o the_o firmament_n a_o cross_n vinces_fw-la with_o these_o word_n in_o this_o sign_n thou_o shall_v overcome_v the_o import_n of_o which_o device_n may_v best_o appear_v from_o the_o practice_n and_o procedure_v of_o constantine_n himself_o who_o in_o memory_n of_o that_o vision_n cause_v the_o form_n of_o the_o cross_n to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o own_o standard_n have_v above_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o it_o the_o two_o first_o letter_n xp_n of_o christ_n name_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o ancient_a medal_n at_o this_o day_n the_o sign_n then_o by_o which_o he_o overcome_v be_v the_o name_n not_o the_o naked_a cross_n of_o jesus_n christ_n he_o cause_v also_o his_o own_o statue_n to_o be_v erect_v with_o his_o sign_n which_o he_o likewise_o order_v to_o be_v form_v upon_o his_o money_n and_o paint_v upon_o his_o ensign_n and_o the_o armour_n of_o his_o shoulder_n but_o we_o must_v note_v that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o there_o be_v not_o any_o cross_n receive_v into_o church_n christian_n during_o the_o persecution_n 〈◊〉_d quent_o meet_v together_o in_o private_a anâ—â—_n night_n this_o custom_n notwithstanding_o the_o emergent_a peace_n they_o still_o retain_v 3._o whence_o we_o read_v that_o constantine_n continue_v the_o sacred_a vigil_n even_o till_o broad_a daylight_n and_o cause_v big_a taper_n and_o torch_n to_o be_v light_v up_o throughout_o the_o whole_a city_n for_o their_o more_o commodious_a intercourse_n in_o go_v &_o come_v in_o the_o night_n as_o lamp_n also_o in_o their_o meeting-place_n to_o give_v light_n to_o all_o there_o present_a the_o office_n of_o light_v of_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o acolytes_n one_o of_o the_o principal_a vigil_n or_o eve_n of_o the_o year_n be_v that_o of_o the_o night_n immediate_o precede_v easter_n observe_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o christ_n for_o they_o pass_v the_o whole_a night_n without_o sleep_n as_o watch_v for_o that_o morning-hour_n wherein_o our_o lord_n rise_v again_o from_o the_o dead_a those_o vigil_n and_o taper_n be_v hitherto_o use_v without_o any_o superstition_n behold_v here_o another_o sequel_n of_o what_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o persecution_n many_o christian_n that_o they_o may_v shun_v that_o tempest_n retire_v unto_o desert_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o solitary_a place_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o persecution_n cease_v that_o solitude_n be_v with_o several_a become_v habituate_v and_o customary_a they_o confine_v themselves_o thereunto_o and_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o their_o day_n therein_o whether_o because_o of_o the_o inveteracy_n of_o such_o a_o manner_n of_o life_n or_o for_o that_o the_o plainness_n hereof_o do_v better_a suit_n with_o they_o than_o the_o din_a noise_n of_o city_n or_o last_o because_o they_o suspect_v a_o return_n of_o the_o old_a storm_n but_o other_o there_o be_v act_v with_o such_o a_o desire_n of_o imitate_v and_o follow_v of_o they_o that_o there_o be_v many_o who_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o great_a calm_a and_o quiet_a of_o the_o church_n begin_v to_o affect_v a_o solitary_a life_n thus_o do_v that_o become_v voluntary_a and_o matter_n of_o choice_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o persecution_n be_v before_o that_o compulsory_a and_o matter_n of_o constraint_n hence_o the_o original_n of_o a_o monastic_a life_n 13._o who_o first_o foundation_n be_v about_o the_o same_o time_n lay_v in_o egypt_n by_o antonius_n afterward_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o syria_n by_o hilarion_n to_o armenia_n by_o eustachius_n bishop_n of_o sebastia_n to_o greece_n by_o s._n basile_n and_o to_o italy_n by_o s._n ambrose_n now_o though_o it_o be_v too_o true_a that_o many_o superstitious_a observance_n do_v accompany_v this_o piece_n of_o innovation_n insomuch_o that_o man_n suffer_v their_o hair_n to_o grow_v to_o the_o length_n of_o that_o of_o woman_n 80._o yet_o be_v this_o monastic_a profession_n quite_o another_o thing_n than_o what_o it_o be_v at_o present_a for_o such_o as_o in_o those_o day_n devote_v themselves_o thereunto_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o it_o by_o vow_n observe_v no_o nice_a distinction_n of_o meat_n or_o habit_n hunt_v not_o after_o merit_n nor_o once_o believe_v thereby_o to_o attain_v unto_o that_o persection_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o at_o this_o day_n and_o it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o the_o first_o monk_n be_v layman_n not_o capable_a of_o any_o ecclesiastical_a function_n that_o they_o maintain_v themselves_o upon_o their_o own_o hand-labor_n and_o not_o in_o a_o mendicant_a or_o precarious_a way_n and_o final_o that_o they_o marry_v many_o of_o they_o have_v wife_n and_o child_n for_o marriage_n be_v in_o they_o account_v lawful_a dracon_n which_o at_o this_o day_n will_v seem_v monstrous_a in_o person_n of_o the_o like_a profession_n anno_fw-la 320._o etc._n etc._n together_o with_o a_o monastic_a life_n the_o rule_n of_o abstinency_n enter_v which_o be_v soon_o after_o receive_v into_o the_o church_n till_o which_o time_n fast_n be_v free_a and_o arbitrary_a the_o montanist_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o affect_v to_o enact_v law_n and_o prescribe_v form_n therein_o and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o they_o urge_v the_o same_o reason_n psychicos_fw-la and_o use_v the_o same_o term_n that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v at_o this_o day_n but_o those_o antiquity_n condemn_v maintain_v the_o free_a unrestrained_a liberty_n of_o fast_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 320._o about_o this_o time_n in_o regard_n the_o profession_n of_o monk_n ought_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o more_o strict_a manner_n of_o life_n than_o that_o of_o other_o they_o impose_v law_n upon_o they_o more_o especial_o regulate_v their_o day_n and_o manner_n of_o fast_v which_o law_n pass_v from_o the_o monk_n to_o the_o clergy_n from_o the_o clergy_n to_o the_o whole_a church_n now_o howbeit_o it_o be_v true_a that_o many_o hold_v abstinency_n for_o a_o kind_n of_o perfection_n 2._o and_o other_o reckon_v it_o a_o thing_n necessary_a and_o meritorious_a yet_o
howbeit_o this_o be_v not_o universal_o observe_v for_o even_o till_o the_o year_n 950._o we_o find_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o history_n throughout_o all_o the_o province_n of_o europe_n a_o great_a number_n of_o ecclesiastic_a person_n marry_v famous_a doctor_n impugn_v the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o roman_z bishop_n descend_v of_o ecclesiastical_a parent_n who_o be_v marry_v even_o during_o their_o clerk-ship_n as_o be_v boniface_n i._o fellix_fw-la iii_o and_o gelasius_n i._o thus_o many_o age_n pass_v before_o that_o this_o decree_n be_v receive_v anno_fw-la 400._o etc._n etc._n we_o now_o enter_v upon_o that_o time_n whereof_o st._n augustine_n complain_v 19_o say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o universal_o stuff_v with_o ceremonial_a observance_n that_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o jew_n live_v under_o the_o servile_a yoke_n of_o the_o law_n be_v much_o more_o supportable_a than_o that_o of_o christian_n under_o the_o gospel_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o good_a part_n howbeit_o we_o shall_v omit_v divers_a rite_n introduce_v in_o the_o five_o age_n which_o be_v never_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o superplus_n and_o remainder_n of_o the_o sacrament_n after_o that_o all_o have_v communicate_v 3._o the_o send_v of_o the_o sacrament_n to_o new_a marry_a couple_n to_o be_v by_o they_o joint_o receive_v at_o home_n in_o their_o own_o house_n the_o thrust_v of_o the_o same_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o dead_a a_o most_o profane_a abuse_n we_o shall_v likewise_o forbear_v to_o mention_v all_o those_o innovation_n which_o have_v be_v commence_v before_o be_v continue_v in_o after_o time_n and_o shall_v only_o note_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o rise_v of_o such_o as_o follow_v thereupon_o each_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o begin_v to_o appear_v as_o therefore_o we_o have_v already_o see_v in_o what_o respect_n primitive_a antiquity_n pray_v for_o the_o dead_a in_o like_a manner_n we_o must_v know_v what_o be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o vigil_n which_o ensue_v upon_o that_o usage_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o one_o have_v give_v up_o the_o ghost_n they_o call_v some_o ecclesiastic_a person_n who_o spend_v the_o whole_a night_n with_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o dead_a entertain_v they_o with_o some_o serious_a and_o seasonable_a discourse_n ground_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o instruction_n and_o comfort_n to_o this_o purpose_n they_o sing_v also_o psalm_n dispose_v by_o way_n of_o antiphony_n or_o versicles_n interchangeable_o answer_v one_o another_o and_o recommend_v the_o depart_a soul_n to_o god_n to_o the_o end_n that_o pardon_v its_o sin_n he_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o preserve_v it_o from_o hell_n and_o eternal_a death_n judge_v it_o in_o mercy_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n and_o give_v to_o its_o body_n a_o glorious_a resurrection_n but_o never_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v deliver_v it_o out_o of_o purgatory_n though_o that_o be_v the_o consequence_n draw_v from_o thence_o at_o this_o day_n and_o indeed_o the_o greek_a church_n pray_v for_o the_o dead_a which_o yet_o never_o believe_v a_o purgatory_n to_o those_o funeral_n act_v another_o ceremony_n be_v add_v it_o be_v a_o pagan_a custom_n that_o their_o champion_n who_o have_v win_v the_o prize_n in_o wrestle_v be_v conduct_v to_o their_o house_n with_o song_n of_o triumph_n and_o burn_a torch_n in_o token_n of_o honour_n and_o congratulation_n this_o our_o christian_n apply_v to_o their_o dead_a as_o those_o who_o after_o that_o they_o have_v fight_v the_o good_a fight_n have_v finish_v their_o course_n and_o obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o glory_n they_o then_o inter_v they_o with_o sing_v of_o psalm_n by_o way_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n and_o consolation_n to_o the_o survive_a as_o also_o with_o light_a taper_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o decease_a for_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o ceremony_n be_v thus_o express_v by_o s._n chrysostome_n who_o live_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age._n tell_v i_o heb._n what_o mean_v the_o lamp_n light_v up_o at_o funeral_n be_v it_o not_o because_o we_o accompany_v the_o dead_a as_o so_o many_o magnanimous_a champion_n what_o mean_v the_o hymn_n be_v it_o not_o because_o we_o glorify_v god_n and_o render_v thanks_o to_o he_o for_o that_o he_o have_v already_o crown_v the_o defunct_a deliver_v he_o from_o all_o his_o toil_n and_o dolour_n be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o very_a end_n that_o we_o sing_v psalm_n and_o hymn_n and_o why_o call_v thou_o upon_o the_o priest_n and_o singing-man_n be_v it_o not_o for_o comfort_v to_o thyself_o and_o for_o honour_n to_o the_o decease_a the_o formality_n observe_v by_o the_o church_n in_o the_o reception_n of_o penitent_n 37._o be_v likewise_o multiply_v which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v thus_o practise_v when_o any_o one_o who_o have_v incur_v excommunication_n petition_v that_o he_o may_v be_v release_v from_o that_o censure_n make_v protestation_n of_o repentance_n the_o bishop_n who_o have_v excommunicate_v he_o and_o twelve_o priest_n with_o he_o repair_v to_o the_o church-door_n where_o the_o penitent_a present_v himself_o clothe_v with_o sackcloth_n barefooted_a with_o a_o deject_a countenance_n his_o head_n cover_v with_o ash_n weep_v and_o sigh_v implore_a forgiveness_n and_o promise_a amendment_n of_o life_n for_o the_o future_a then_o the_o bishop_n take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n give_v he_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n and_o admission_n to_o the_o communion_n but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v again_o relapse_n into_o any_o crime_n he_o be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o admission_n to_o penance_n but_o deal_v with_o as_o one_o relapse_v so_o as_o that_o they_o never_o give_v he_o the_o sacrament_n save_v only_o at_o the_o very_a point_n of_o death_n then_o also_o be_v cross_n receive_v into_o church_n whereas_o former_o they_o be_v only_o represent_v upon_o money_n and_o military_a banner_n but_o hold_v only_o for_o mere_a memorial_n of_o christ_n death_n and_o not_o for_o object_n of_o adoration_n 6._o for_o so_o do_v the_o christian_n of_o those_o time_n explain_v themselves_o therein_o it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o they_o be_v only_o the_o simple_a form_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o crucifix_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o the_o church_n till_o a_o long_a time_n after_o author_n of_o the_o same_o age_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o custom_n chrysost._n which_o be_v afterward_o turn_v into_o superstition_n as_o long_o as_o the_o gift_n of_o miracle_n be_v subject_v in_o the_o church_n she_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o especial_a virtue_n of_o dispossess_v and_o chase_v away_o devil_n but_o this_o gift_n be_v once_o antiquate_v and_o supersede_v they_o find_v no_o better_o expedient_a in_o the_o case_n than_o to_o conduct_v the_o possess_v into_o the_o place_n of_o public_a assembly_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o church_n may_v pray_v for_o and_o over_o they_o and_o those_o prayer_n frequent_o obtain_v deliverance_n for_o those_o poor_a demoniac_n but_o they_o afterward_o constitute_v exorcist_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o office_n to_o who_o they_o attribute_v jurisdiction_n over_o devil_n empower_v they_o to_o torment_v and_o chase_v away_o the_o same_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o conjuration_n now_o many_o have_v hitherto_o dispute_v about_o the_o state_n of_o soul_n after_o death_n 14._o but_o origen_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 230._o and_o who_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o origin_n of_o many_o error_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v way_n or_o entrance_n to_o the_o belief_n of_o purgatory_n this_o doctor_n teach_v that_o all_o man_n the_o faithful_a as_o well_o as_o the_o ubelieve_a shall_v pass_v through_o that_o fire_n which_o shall_v consume_v the_o world_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n after_o the_o resurrection_n 118._o which_o opinion_n be_v embrace_v by_o many_o but_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v urge_v from_o hence_o in_o favour_n of_o purgatory_n for_o that_o whereof_o origen_n speak_v be_v not_o as_o yet_o kindle_v and_o be_v in_o every_o respect_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o those_o controversy_n touch_v the_o condition_n and_o mansion_n of_o soul_n depart_v begin_v to_o multiply_v about_o the_o year_n 400._o some_o certain_a person_n corrupt_v with_o the_o fabulous_a narrative_n of_o pagan_n conceit_v with_o they_o that_o they_o be_v purge_v and_o refine_v in_o some_o place_n or_o other_o before_o that_o ever_o they_o be_v receive_v up_o into_o heaven_n those_o discourse_n be_v manage_v by_o way_n of_o problem_n 26_o and_o not_o in_o form_n of_o a_o positive_a assertion_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n st._n augustine_n write_v and_o resolve_v the_o whole_a question_n
leo_fw-la the_o second_o change_v this_o symbol_n of_o reconciliation_n into_o a_o superstitious_a vanity_n institute_v that_o plate_n of_o silver_n or_o copper_n which_o after_o consecration_n be_v present_v to_o be_v kiss_v and_o in_o this_o very_a particular_a one_o may_v perceive_v how_o much_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n have_v be_v either_o divert_v or_o pervert_v through_o successive_a alteration_n therein_o anno_fw-la 790._o but_o behold_v the_o idolatry_n which_o under_o the_o vail_n of_o darkness_n be_v propagate_v in_o the_o church_n even_o to_o the_o very_a sanctuary_n image_n be_v only_o as_o so_o many_o memorative_a object_n in_o church_n yet_o do_v the_o vulgar_a begin_v to_o exhibit_v honour_n to_o they_o whereupon_o dispute_n be_v commence_v in_o this_o difference_n reason_n of_o state_n offer_v themselves_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o history_n for_o upon_o other_o account_n be_v image_n pretend_v in_o subserviency_n to_o their_o interest_n the_o latin_n and_o the_o greek_n and_o afterward_o the_o greek_n among_o themselves_o take_v occasion_n from_o hence_o of_o much_o altercation_n one_o while_o demolish_n and_o break_v down_o the_o image_n another_o while_n re-erecting_a of_o they_o final_o irene_n empress_n of_o constantinople_n a_o pagan_a both_o by_o nation_n and_o religion_n a_o woman_n of_o many_o notorious_a enormity_n assemble_v a_o council_n at_o nice_a exclude_v from_o it_o the_o best_a doctor_n and_o employ_v menace_n violence_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o artifice_n whereby_o she_o may_v compass_v her_o design_n thus_o this_o conventicle_n mould_v and_o model_v according_a to_o her_o own_o mind_n produce_v instead_o of_o offer_n of_o reason_n nothing_o but_o impertinency_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o image_n conclude_v upon_o adoration_n contrary_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o solid_a antiquity_n and_o the_o opposition_n then_o general_o make_v to_o a_o piece_n of_o such_o palpable_a impiety_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a convert_v a_o council_n at_o frankefort_n wherein_o that_o of_o nice_n be_v condemn_v be_v declare_v false_a and_o abusive_a and_o the_o decree_n touch_v image_n incassated_a and_o make_v null_n thus_o be_v their_o resolve_a adoration_n suppress_v but_o be_v that_o image_n be_v always_o continue_v in_o church_n this_o superstition_n whereunto_o the_o people_n be_v strong_o incline_v do_v at_o last_o recover_v itself_o and_o prevail_v this_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v hold_v towards_o the_o year_n 790._o anno_fw-la 880._o pope_n adrian_n be_v the_o first_o that_o advise_v the_o canonization_n of_o saint_n imitate_v herein_o the_o apotheosis_n or_o consecration_n use_v among_o the_o roman_n under_o paganism_n a_o thing_n which_o till_o then_o be_v unheard_a of_o in_o the_o church_n the_o authority_n of_o canonise_a saint_n be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o decree_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n anno_fw-la 965._o pope_n john_n iv._o baptize_v the_o great_a bell_n of_o st._n john_n lateran_n in_o rome_n name_a it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n thence_o come_v the_o custom_n of_o baptise_v bell_n and_o give_v they_o name_n anno_fw-la 1000_o etc._n etc._n from_o the_o time_n above_o mention_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o those_o corruption_n be_v not_o only_o continue_v but_o likewise_o gradual_o multiply_v to_o the_o consecration_n of_o church_n they_o add_v sprinkle_v of_o holy_a water_n with_o a_o nosegay_n of_o hyssop_n pronounce_v these_o word_n of_o the_o psalmist_n attollite_fw-la portas_fw-la etc._n etc._n lift_v up_o your_o gate_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishop_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n rap_v at_o the_o gate_n with_o his_o pastoral-staff_n the_o mingle_n of_o the_o ash_n and_o water_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o the_o wine_n of_o exorcism_n of_o paint_a and_o grave_v character_n and_o certain_a confuse_a prayer_n final_o the_o anniversary_n feast_n of_o every_o church_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o day_n of_o its_o dedication_n and_o like_v as_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n be_v change_v into_o a_o sacrifice_n even_o so_o the_o priest_n which_o be_v call_v to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n be_v then_o ordain_v to_o sacrifice_n they_o begin_v to_o create_v they_o with_o these_o word_n accipe_fw-la potestatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n receive_v thou_o power_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o god_n to_o celebrate_v mass_n as_o well_o for_o the_o live_n as_o for_o the_o dead_a anno_fw-la 1003._o pope_n john_n nineteeen_o institute_v the_o feast_n of_o all-soul_n appoint_v it_o to_o be_v celebrate_v upon_o the_o morrow_n after_o all-saint_n anno_fw-la 1050._o but_o behold_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n that_o they_o may_v defend_v the_o sacrifice_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o offer_v in_o the_o mass_n they_o behove_v to_o deny_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o falsify_v and_o bely_v all_o that_o ever_o antiquity_n have_v believe_v in_o the_o case_n who_o sense_n and_o several_a judgement_n therein_o do_v here_o ensue_v s._n ignatius_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n and_o a_o disciple_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o the_o 72_o d._n philadelph_n year_n of_o our_o lord_n express_v himself_o thus_o there_o be_v one_o only_a flesh_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n and_o one_o only_a blood_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o our_o sin_n one_o only_a bread_n also_o be_v break_v for_o we_o and_o one_o only_a cup_n be_v distribute_v to_o we_o can_v he_o possible_o make_v a_o more_o manifest_a opposition_n between_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n break_v upon_o the_o cross_n and_o the_o bread_n break_v in_o the_o supper_n justin_n martyr_n towards_o the_o year_n 130._o our_o christ_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o make_v and_o use_v triph._n the_o sacramental_a bread_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o body_n form_v for_o such_o as_o believe_v in_o he_o for_o who_o sake_n he_o become_v passable_a the_o cup_n also_o he_o ordain_v to_o be_v make_v and_o use_v with_o thanksgiving_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o blood_n ireneus_fw-la bishop_n of_o lion_n in_o the_o year_n 160._o when_o once_o the_o chalice_n be_v fill_v 5._o and_o the_o bread_n be_v break_v have_v receive_v the_o benedictive_a word_n of_o god_n it_o become_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o body_n of_o christ_n whereby_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o flesh_n be_v augment_v and_o compound_v certain_o none_o can_v say_v that_o our_o flesh_n be_v augment_v nor_o compound_v of_o the_o real_a flesh_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n but_o only_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n which_o this_o father_n plain_o acknowledge_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o eucharist_n even_o after_o the_o consecration_n of_o the_o same_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n in_o the_o year_n 190._o christ_n take_v of_o the_o wine_n 2._o and_o bless_v the_o wine_n say_v take_v drink_v this_o be_v my_o blood_n the_o blood_n of_o the_o vine_n denominate_v by_o way_n of_o allegory_n the_o word_n which_o shed_v his_o blood_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n a_o sacred_a liquor_n of_o joy_n and_o gladness_n etc._n etc._n now_o that_o that_o which_o he_o bless_v be_v true_a wine_n he_o further_o show_v say_v to_o his_o disciple_n i_o will_v drink_v no_o more_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n etc._n etc._n this_o very_a same_o reason_n do_v we_o urge_v to_o prove_v that_o they_o drink_v wine_n at_o the_o supper_n brief_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o he_o dispute_v against_o the_o encratites_n who_o hold_v the_o drink_n of_o wine_n to_o be_v unlawful_a allege_v for_o their_o conviction_n the_o example_n of_o jesus_n christ_n who_o drink_v wine_n at_o the_o supper_n which_o be_v a_o ridiculous_a argument_n if_o so_o be_v wine_n have_v cease_v to_o be_v wine_n after_o that_o christ_n have_v drink_v thereof_o tertullian_n in_o the_o year_n 205._o do_v thâ—s_n explain_v the_o word_n of_o jesus_n christ_n 19_o this_o be_v my_o body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o figure_n of_o my_o body_n moreover_o jesus_n christ_n call_v bread_n his_o body_n to_o the_o end_n that_o thou_o may_v thereby_o understand_v that_o he_o appoint_v bread_n to_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n cyril_n 5._o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o year_n 320._o declare_v to_o we_o that_o the_o flesh_n be_v now_o absent_a and_o that_o that_o which_o we_o be_v command_v to_o taste_v of_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n eusebius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n 8._o say_v that_o our_o lord_n have_v teach_v we_o to_o serve_v he_o with_o bread_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o his_o body_n gregory_n bishop_n of_o nazianze_n in_o the_o year_n 350._o in_o his_o second_o oration_n concern_v easter_n speak_v thus_o of_o sacramental_a participation_n we_o partake_v indeed_o of_o the_o christian_n pass-ove_a in_o a_o figure_n albeit_o more_o clear_o than_o at_o the_o ancient_a pass-ove_a for_o the_o ancient_a pass-ove_a i_o dare_v say_v so_o be_v a_o more_o obscure_a figure_n of_o a_o figure_n macairus_n the_o
therefore_o he_o call_v jesus_n christ_n a_o worker_n of_o sign_n add_v that_o by_o they_o christ_n be_v represent_v and_o receive_v whence_o maximus_n his_o scholar_n hierarch_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 630._o we_o attain_v not_o to_o a_o immediate_a discovery_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o in_o matter_n divine_a but_o we_o arrive_v at_o perfection_n through_o the_o intervention_n of_o sign_n such_o as_o be_v the_o cup_n of_o blessing_n as_o the_o apostle_n call_v it_o and_o the_o bread_n which_o we_o break_v those_o thing_n be_v sign_n only_o not_o the_o truth_n itself_o moreover_o recommend_v to_o consideration_n the_o expression_n of_o that_o same_o dionysius_n call_v theâ—reopagite_n â—reopagite_z note_v say_v he_o that_o he_o every_o where_o term_n the_o divine_a sacrifice_n symbolical_a or_o figurative_a and_o that_o the_o holy_a offering_n be_v sign_n of_o more_o real_a heavenly_a thing_n but_o towards_o the_o year_n 840._o some_o through_o their_o hyperbolical_a term_n other_o through_o question_n move_v touch_v the_o alteration_n of_o sign_n do_v by_o degree_n give_v occasion_n for_o conceit_v of_o a_o new_a opinion_n concern_v the_o sacrament_n which_o be_v in_o fine_a in_o the_o year_n 1059._o ripen_v into_o perfection_n it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o lateran_n council_n under_o nicholas_n the_o second_o 2._o that_o the_o â—read_n and_o the_o wine_n be_v the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o that_o he_o be_v sensible_o feel_v break_a and_o crumble_v by_o the_o tooth_n of_o believer_n expression_n absurd_a and_o impious_a and_o disow_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n we_o shall_v here_o in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o order_n of_o time_n annex_v to_o all_o those_o testimony_n of_o father_n by_o we_o produce_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o roman_a decretal_a collect_v by_o gratian_n the_o father_n of_o the_o canonist_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1160._o he_o in_o the_o second_o distinction_n of_o the_o consecration_n in_o the_o canon_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la express_v himself_o thus_o the_o heavenly_a â—read_n which_o be_v the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v in_o a_o peculiar_a respect_n call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n howbeit_o to_o speak_v true_o it_o be_v a_o sacred_a sign_n of_o christ_n body_n to_o wit_n of_o he_o who_o become_v visible_a palpable_a mortal_a be_v at_o last_o crucify_v and_o upon_o the_o gloss_n of_o the_o doctor_n have_v these_o word_n worthy_a of_o consideration_n the_o heavenly_a sacrament_n wherein_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v true_o represent_v be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n but_o improper_o for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v after_o a_o manner_n congruous_a and_o peculiar_a to_o itself_o howbeit_o not_o according_a to_o the_o real_a truth_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o by_o way_n of_o a_o significant_a mystery_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n run_v thus_o it_o be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o be_v thereby_o signify_v judge_v then_o sober_a reader_n how_o much_o and_o how_o far_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v at_o present_a depart_v from_o the_o sense_n and_o belief_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n even_o that_o of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o famous_a canonist_n gratian._n we_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o that_o which_o we_o read_v in_o justin_n martyr_v his_o second_o apology_n for_o christian_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o the_o practice_n be_v of_o pure_a antiquity_n as_o well_o in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n as_o in_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o divine_a service_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o that_o one_o may_v thereby_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v who_o approach_v near_a thereunto_o whether_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o have_v whole_o deace_v and_o pervert_v the_o model_n of_o true_a religion_n and_o utter_o destroy_v that_o spiritual_a worship_n which_o we_o owe_v to_o god_n or_o those_o who_o to_o save_v themselves_o from_o her_o pit_n of_o error_n &_o dunghill_n of_o superstition_n have_v abandon_v her_o communion_n behold_v then_o how_o that_o pious_a author_n speak_v antonin_n upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n we_o assemble_v ourselves_o both_o in_o city_n and_o country_n in_o one_o place_n the_o lecture_n be_v make_v from_o the_o write_n of_o the_o prophet_n or_o the_o apostle_n the_o lecturer_n cease_v he_o that_o preside_v make_v the_o exhortation_n admonish_v to_o a_o imitation_n of_o those_o excellent_a thing_n which_o do_v we_o rise_v up_o and_o pray_v to_o god_n after_o this_o they_o present_v he_o of_o the_o fraternity_n that_o preside_v with_o bread_n and_o drink_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n which_o he_o receive_v yield_v praise_n and_o glory_n to_o the_o father_n of_o all_o in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o son_n and_o by_o his_o holy_a spirit_n in_o which_o act_n of_o thanksgiving_n he_o be_v the_o more_o prolix_a to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v render_v worthy_a of_o those_o thing_n through_o that_o spirit_n and_o prayer_n and_o thanksgiving_n be_v finish_v all_o the_o people_n present_a gives_z consent_n by_o acclamation_n say_v amen_o which_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n so_o be_v it_o now_o after_o that_o the_o precedent_n have_v give_v thanks_o and_o all_o the_o people_n have_v by_o acclamation_n consent_v those_o who_o be_v name_v deacon_n with_o we_o administer_v to_o all_o that_o be_v present_a bread_n wine_n and_o water_n be_v bless_v and_o carry_v the_o same_o to_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a and_o this_o repast_n be_v with_o we_o call_v the_o eucharist_n proceed_v we_o to_o another_o point_n and_o view_v the_o sequel_n and_o progress_n of_o those_o innovation_n anno_fw-la 1055._o at_o this_o time_n under_o victor_n ii_o the_o redemption_n of_o penance_n be_v introduce_v for_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o they_o may_v be_v lawful_o convert_v into_o penalty_n of_o another_o nature_n as_o pecuniary_a mulct_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o alm_n donative_n bestow_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o church_n pilgrimage_n and_o other_o thing_n equivalent_a proportionable_o to_o the_o year_n of_o penance_n allot_v they_o and_o that_o such_o as_o have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o accommodate_v themselves_o herein_o may_v redeem_v their_o year_n of_o penance_n with_o the_o number_n of_o psalm_n sing_v by_o they_o with_o fast_n in_o the_o strength_n of_o bread_n and_o water_n with_o scourge_v and_o scarify_n of_o themselves_o and_o other_o kind_n of_o voluntary_a mortification_n whence_o the_o custom_n of_o whip_v proceed_v and_o from_o the_o same_o source_n the_o batuss_n themselves_o and_o penitent_n now_o by_o those_o exchange_n and_o redemption_n the_o ancient_a discipline_n be_v utter_o subvert_v we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o indulgence_n be_v no_o other_o than_o certain_a relaxation_n or_o limitation_n of_o church-penalty_n intend_v for_o curtail_v of_o the_o time_n prescribe_v to_o penitent_n before_o that_o they_o can_v be_v readmit_v to_o the_o communion_n but_o the_o virtue_n of_o those_o indulgence_n be_v afterward_o extend_v beyond_o this_o world_n for_o shorten_v of_o the_o year_n of_o their_o abode_n in_o purgatory_n a_o thing_n which_o the_o primitive_a christian_n never_o once_o dream_v of_o we_o have_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o penitent_n who_o ordinary_o be_v very_o numerous_a tender_v themselves_o to_o the_o church_n have_v their_o face_n cover_v with_o ash_n in_o token_n of_o humility_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n derive_v that_o vain_a ceremony_n of_o ash-wednesday_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o lent_n and_o in_o this_o action_n they_o sing_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n which_o they_o sing_v heretofore_o when_o as_o there_o be_v any_o number_n of_o person_n do_v of_o public_a penance_n anno_fw-la 1090._o urban_n ii_o that_o he_o may_v advance_v superstition_n ordain_v about_o the_o year_n 1090._o that_o upon_o every_o saturday_n a_o mass_n shall_v be_v say_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n chaplet_n or_o pater-noster_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n invent_v by_o peter_n the_o hermit_n 9_o together_o with_o the_o office_n and_o hour_n of_o our_o lady_n anno_fw-la 1160._o alexander_n iii_o decree_v the_o canonization_n of_o saint_n and_o ordain_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v from_o thenceforward_a acknowledge_v saint_n but_o who_o the_o pope_n first_o declare_v such_o anno_fw-la 1212._o christ_n corporal_a presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n have_v already_o gain_v some_o credit_n but_o they_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o agree_v upon_o the_o pretend_a conversion_n of_o sign_n behold_v then_o how_o that_o a_o little_a after_o the_o year_n 1215._o in_o the_o lateran_n council_n innocent_a iii_o determine_v the_o form_n thereof_o who_o will_v all_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o bread_n be_v transubstantiate_v into_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o wine_n into_o his_o blood_n thus_o be_v transubstantiation_n ratify_v and_o that_o
as_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o decree_n it_o be_v order_v that_o all_o church_n shall_v be_v furnish_v with_o a_o cabinet_n for_o a_o conservatory_n to_o lodge_v and_o keep_v the_o host_n in_o whereas_o former_o what_o remain_v after_o the_o communion_n be_v either_o burn_v or_o else_o give_v to_o be_v eat_v by_o little_a child_n or_o last_o the_o clergy_n immediate_o dispatch_v it_o it_o be_v then_o therefore_o that_o the_o use_n of_o pix_n begin_v anno_fw-la 1220._o &_o 1230._o honorius_n iii_o do_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n about_o the_o year_n 1220._o institute_v the_o adoration_n of_o the_o host_n and_o gregory_n ix_o add_v the_o little_a bell_n thereby_o to_o advertise_v every_o one_o of_o kneel_v about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o chaplet_n or_o pater_fw-la noster_n which_o be_v invent_v by_o peter_n the_o hermit_n as_o have_v be_v say_v above_o be_v put_v in_o use_n at_o the_o recommendation_n of_o dominicus_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o jacobin_n who_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n pass_v for_o the_o author_n of_o that_o goodly_a piece_n of_o devotion_n anno_fw-la 1245._o the_o council_n of_o lion_n in_o the_o year_n 1245._o ordain_v that_o cardinal_n shall_v wear_v red-hat_n and_o scarlet-cloke_n anno_fw-la 1250._o now_o transubstantiation_n when_o authorize_v be_v attend_v with_o this_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n ensue_v thereupon_o namely_o that_o the_o laity_n ought_v to_o rest_v content_v with_o the_o host_n be_v that_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v contain_v in_o it_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o chalice_n but_o this_o be_v not_o receive_v without_o debate_n insomuch_o that_o many_o church_n along_o time_n after_o retain_v the_o two_o species_n as_o necessary_a nevertheless_o this_o rape_n and_o retrenchment_n of_o the_o cup_n in_o the_o communion_n of_o laic_n be_v afterward_o universal_o extend_v and_o final_o authorize_v by_o decree_n as_o will_v yet_o further_o appear_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o they_o may_v in_o some_o kind_n gratify_v the_o people_n they_o introduce_v the_o custom_n of_o give_v they_o wine_n to_o wash_v their_o mouth_n withal_o instead_o of_o that_o portion_n of_o the_o sacrament_n which_o they_o have_v most_o sacrilegious_o robe_v they_o of_o anno_fw-la 1260._o the_o adoration_n of_o the_o host_n be_v introduce_v vrban_n iv._o upon_o the_o pretend_a revelation_n of_o a_o nun_n in_o the_o province_n of_o liege_n institute_v the_o feast_n of_o god_n with_o its_o octave_n and_o thomas_n aquinas_n compose_v the_o office_n anno_fw-la 1300._o boniface_n viii_o institute_v and_o celebrate_v the_o first_o jubilee_n ordain_v that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o shall_v be_v solemnize_v from_o one_o hundred_o year_n to_o another_o but_o clemens_n vi_o reduce_v it_o to_o fifty_o gregory_n xi_o to_o thirty_o three_o and_o final_o paul_n ii_o to_o twenty_o five_o anno_fw-la 1360._o about_o the_o year_n 1360._o begin_v the_o custom_n of_o walk_v the_o host_n and_o of_o tarry_v it_o under_o a_o canopy_n in_o procession_n those_o of_o pavy_n be_v the_o first_o practitioner_n hereof_o after_o who_o example_n the_o same_o be_v use_v all_o over_o christendom_n anno_fw-la 1366._o urban_n v._o send_v in_o lent_n to_o joanna_n queen_n of_o sicily_n a_o rose_n of_o gold_n and_o make_v a_o decree_n whereby_o he_o ordain_v the_o consecration_n of_o the_o like_a every_o year_n upon_o the_o lent-sunday_n call_v laetare_fw-la anno_fw-la 1414._o before_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 1414._o the_o communion_n of_o the_o laic_n under_o one_o only_a sign_n be_v practise_v more_o through_o toleration_n than_o authority_n but_o that_o council_n enact_v a_o decree_n touch_v the_o same_o who_o term_n and_o tenor_n full_a of_o sacrilege_n and_o impiety_n shall_v strike_v all_o true_a christian_n with_o horror_n behold_v how_o it_o be_v frame_v though_o christ_n do_v after_o supper_n institute_v and_o administer_v to_o his_o disciple_n the_o venerable_a sacrament_n 13_o under_o thâ—_n two_o sign_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n it_o be_v so_o observe_v yet_o thiâ—_n notwithstanding_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o law_n who_o have_v command_v under_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n that_o thosâ—_n who_o offend_v against_o this_o decree_n by_o give_v thâ—_n communion_n to_o the_o people_n under_o the_o two_o speâ—cies_n and_o preach_v to_o they_o the_o equity_n of_o thâ—_n same_o be_v effectual_o punish_v and_o deal_v with_o all_o as_o heretic_n by_o deliver_v they_o up_o tâ—_n the_o secular_a power_n who_o assistance_n shall_v bâ—_n employ_v to_o that_o effect_n this_o be_v that_o very_a council_n who_o to_o justify_v their_o perjury_n iâ—_n the_o case_n of_o john_n huss_n who_o contrary_a tâ—_n public_a faith_n they_o cause_v to_o be_v burn_v pass_v and_o propagate_v it_o for_o a_o maxim_n that_o faith_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n anno_fw-la 1458._o pope_n calixtus_n iii_o ordain_v that_o they_o shall_v ring_v a_o bell_n at_o the_o hour_n oâ—_n midday_n like_a as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o evening_n for_o a_o all-hail_n to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n to_o thâ—_n end_n that_o such_o as_o be_v engage_v in_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o turk_n may_v bâ—_n assist_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o devotion_n anno_fw-la 1470._o one_o alane_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr roch_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o jacobin_n move_v by_o certain_a vision_n invent_v the_o rosary_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n which_o be_v by_o sixtus_n iv._o afterward_o approve_v illimited_a superstition_n have_v infallible_o advance_v yet_o further_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v have_v at_o last_o quite_o oppress_v and_o as_o it_o be_v stifle_v the_o christian_a religion_n under_o the_o insupportable_a burden_n of_o ceremony_n have_v not_o god_n in_o his_o mercy_n in_o some_o sort_n renew_v the_o light_n of_o his_o word_n by_o the_o preach_a and_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n zuinglius_fw-la melancthon_n bucer_n calvin_n and_o many_o other_o excellent_a personage_n who_o his_o providence_n raise_v up_o to_o rescue_v the_o same_o from_o under_o that_o bushel_n which_o do_v so_o woeful_o eclipse_v it_o and_o to_o disentangle_v it_o from_o the_o briar_n of_o school-divinity_n and_o from_o the_o corrupt_a gloss_n of_o decretalists_n and_o other_o doctor_n and_o assertor_n of_o papal_a authority_n although_o that_o even_o hitherto_o god_n who_o never_o leave_v himself_o without_o a_o witness_n aswell_o in_o the_o work_n of_o grace_n as_o in_o that_o of_o nature_n do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n successive_o stir_v up_o faithful_a witness_n and_o confessor_n of_o his_o truth_n who_o always_o have_v withstand_v the_o error_n and_o novelty_n introduce_v into_o their_o religion_n whence_o we_o can_v better_o conclude_v this_o treatise_n than_o by_o way_n of_o succinct_a representation_n of_o the_o prime_a defender_n of_o this_o same_o heavenly_a faith_n anno_fw-la 792._o it_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v what_o their_o several_a judgement_n be_v until_o the_o seven_o age_n touch_v divers_a point_n controvert_v at_o present_a between_o we_o and_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o among_o other_o particular_o that_o of_o the_o eucharist_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o image_n unto_o which_o article_n we_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o from_o the_o year_n 792._o the_o synod_n of_o grenado_n in_o spain_n do_v equal_o condemn_v both_o usage_n and_o veneration_n that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a over_z and_o above_o the_o result_n of_o the_o council_n of_o frankfort_n by_o he_o assemble_v cause_v a_o book_n tillet_n bear_v his_o own_o name_n to_o be_v print_v in_o opposition_n to_o that_o abuse_n and_o that_o claudius_n bishop_n of_o turine_n and_o many_o other_o excellent_a doctor_n do_v then_o publish_v divers_a treatise_n in_o order_n to_o the_o expugn_v and_o subvert_v of_o the_o same_o anno_fw-la 826._o walfrid_n abbot_n of_o st._n gal_n 23._o in_o his_o book_n of_o divine_a office_n do_v severe_o inveigh_v against_o superfluous_a ceremony_n and_o image_n as_o also_o against_o divine_a service_n in_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a tongue_n say_v that_o the_o apostle_n never_o celebrate_v the_o eucharist_n with_o the_o canon_n nor_o the_o offertory_n nor_o yet_o several_a other_o piece_n which_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n have_v forge_v at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o that_o they_o be_v content_v with_o the_o addition_n only_o of_o the_o lord_n prayer_n to_o the_o word_n of_o institution_n but_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o since_o rome_n attempt_v to_o impose_v her_o yoke_n upon_o the_o whole_a earth_n since_o from_o the_o year_n 723._o as_o be_v report_v by_o aventine_n gregory_n ii_o send_v one_o winfrid_n who_o he_o have_v create_v primate_n and_o archbishop_n of_o all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o rhine_n to_o preach_v inform_v &_o reform_v those_o church_n after_o the_o
the_o same_o it_o be_v exact_o conformable_a to_o that_o of_o bertram_n and_o john_n erigine_fw-la by_o the_o relation_n of_o his_o adversary_n among_o who_o lanfranck_n then_o abbot_n and_o afterward_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n write_v against_o he_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o eucharist_n represent_v it_o to_o we_o thus_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o church_n say_v berenger_n be_v compound_v of_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o visible_a the_o other_o invisible_a of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o the_o thing_n signify_v in_o the_o sacrament_n which_o thing_n signify_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n if_o it_o be_v present_v before_o our_o eye_n be_v visible_a but_o be_v exalt_v to_o heaven_n and_o sit_v on_o the_o right-hand_a of_o the_o father_n until_o the_o restitution_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o the_o apostle_n peter_n speak_v it_o can_v be_v bring_v back_o from_o heaven_n where_o in_o the_o person_n of_o christ_n it_o consist_v of_o god_n and_o man_n now_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n table_n to_o wit_n the_o consecrate_a bread_n and_o wine_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o change_v or_o alter_v but_o remain_v in_o their_o proper_a substance_n have_v a_o resemblance_n of_o the_o thing_n whereof_o they_o be_v sacrament_n etc._n etc._n this_o he_o teach_v till_o the_o year_n 1091_o wherein_o he_o die_v with_o so_o great_a reputation_n that_o hildebert_n who_o be_v afterward_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n in_o a_o epitaph_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o he_o call_v he_o the_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n the_o glory_n and_o hope_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o doctrine_n which_o he_o oppose_v be_v at_o that_o time_n so_o little_o root_v that_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o who_o come_v to_o the_o popedom_n in_o the_o year_n 1073_o do_v by_o the_o report_n of_o cardinal_n benno_n and_o matthew_n paris_n appoint_v a_o fast_a to_o three_o cardinal_n to_o the_o end_n that_o god_n may_v please_v to_o reveal_v whether_o of_o the_o two_o opinion_n be_v truth_n that_o of_o berenger_n or_o that_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o upon_o what_o account_n soever_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o be_v throw_v the_o holy_a sacrament_n into_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o cardinal_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o relation_n of_o cardinal_n benno_n himself_o who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o this_o pope_n so_o that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o believe_v not_o the_o same_o to_o be_v the_o real_a body_n of_o christ._n anno_fw-la 1120._o honorius_n bishop_n of_o alton_n now_o flourish_v who_o write_v with_o no_o less_o learning_n than_o truth_n of_o freewill_n and_o predestination_n according_a to_o the_o exact_a judgement_n of_o those_o who_o reject_v the_o determination_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o who_o face_n such_o be_v his_o zeal_n and_o valour_n he_o fear_v not_o to_o call_v she_o and_o her_o creature_n in_o one_o of_o his_o dialogue_n which_o he_o compose_v the_o grand_a apocalyptick_a beast_n and_o babylon_n and_o indeed_o none_o shall_v account_v it_o strange_a that_o any_o act_v with_o the_o least_o motion_n of_o true_a piety_n do_v declaim_v at_o this_o rate_n be_v that_o none_o for_o the_o most_o part_n mount_v the_o papal_a chair_n other_o than_o abominable_a lecher_n murderer_n necromancer_n and_o other_o monster_n insomuch_o that_o cardinal_n benno_n who_o as_o have_v be_v say_v live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o life_n of_o pope_n aver_v that_o from_o sylvester_n two_o until_o then_o which_o be_v the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n even_o â—ll_o that_o time_n the_o prime_a study_n in_o the_o papal_a court_n be_v that_o of_o the_o execrable_a knowledge_n of_o magic_n with_o who_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n do_v well_o accord_n who_o say_v that_o damnable_a art_n which_o come_v from_o spain_n be_v become_v so_o general_a even_o in_o france_n that_o public_a school_n be_v keep_v wherein_o it_o be_v teach_v and_o glaber_n a_o monk_n of_o clugny_n say_v express_o that_o about_o the_o 1000_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o christian_a faith_n begin_v much_o to_o decay_v and_o degenerate_v from_o its_o primitive_a vigour_n man_n general_o addict_v themselves_o to_o divination_n and_o sorcery_n age_n and_o hence_o cardinal_n baronius_n himself_o speak_v thus_o what_o face_n have_v the_o roman_a church_n how_o much_o be_v she_o pollute_v when_o as_o whore_n not_o less_o potent_a than_o beastly_a bear_v sway_n in_o rome_n by_o who_o mean_n their_o paramour-mock-popes_n be_v intrude_v into_o st._n peter_n chair_n christ_n say_v he_o be_v asleep_a in_o the_o ship_n and_o there_o be_v none_o to_o awaken_v he_o he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o cardinal_n priest_n and_o deacon_n prefer_v by_o mean_n of_o those_o monster_n do_v imitate_v they_o tread_v in_o their_o very_a step_n and_o covet_v nothing_o more_o than_o that_o the_o lord_n may_v be_v overtake_v with_o a_o everlasting_a sleep_n it_o be_v under_o 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yea_o that_o many_o prince_n bishop_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n countenance_v &_o hold_v a_o correspondence_n with_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o listen_v to_o the_o representation_n of_o calumny_n he_o join_v to_o what_o he_o allege_v concern_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o belief_n all_o that_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o by_o the_o vulgar_a to_o wit_n that_o they_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o meat_n like_v as_o the_o manichee_n do_v and_o perpetrate_v among_o themselves_o execrable_a act_n and_o villainy_n which_o yet_o be_v no_o other_o accusation_n than_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o the_o primitive_a christian_n yea_o and_o all_o such_o even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o reformation_n as_o have_v set_v themselves_o against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o have_v ever_o impeach_v with_o heresy_n and_o brand_v with_o some_o notorious_a crime_n all_o that_o have_v refuse_v to_o own_v she_o or_o have_v endeavour_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n to_o 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this_o kingdom_n anno_fw-la 1315._o now_o in_o this_o year_n appear_v that_o great_a person_n balaeus_n arnauldus_n de_fw-fr villa_n nova_fw-la doctor_n in_o medicine_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o montpellier_n well_o skilled_a in_o the_o latin_a greek_a and_o arabic_a tongue_n for_o his_o knowledge_n in_o the_o liberal_a science_n the_o very_a wonder_n of_o his_o age_n who_o in_o many_o excellent_a treatise_n by_o he_o compose_v do_v mighty_o inveigh_v against_o the_o error_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n he_o say_v that_o he_o perceive_v the_o very_a face_n of_o antichrist_n in_o the_o papacy_n and_o the_o order_n of_o monk_n that_o divine_n have_v wicked_o confound_v philosophical_a dream_n with_o sacred_a scripture_n that_o in_o the_o sacrifice_n so_o denominate_v from_o the_o altar_n the_o priest_n offer_v nought_o to_o god_n and_o that_o the_o mass_n do_v nothing_o avail_v either_o the_o quick_a or_o the_o dead_a that_o papal_a constitution_n be_v no_o other_o than_o humane_a tradition_n contain_v only_o the_o doctrine_n of_o humane_a work_n and_o he_o prove_v by_o the_o prophet_n daniel_n and_o many_o other_o authority_n that_o antichrist_n shall_v in_o the_o height_n of_o tyranny_n persecute_v the_o faithful_a for_o which_o opinion_n he_o be_v by_o the_o jacobin_n of_o tarascon_n judge_v a_o heretic_n and_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o sicily_n be_v send_v he_o to_o the_o pope_n he_o die_v at_o genova_n james_n king_n of_o arragon_n in_o a_o epistle_n write_v to_o the_o same_o king_n of_o sicily_n his_o brother_n give_v he_o a_o very_a good_a testimony_n anno_fw-la 1371._o john_n wickliff_n doctor_n and_o professor_n of_o divinity_n in_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n a_o person_n of_o a_o exemplary_a life_n and_o conversation_n be_v at_o this_o time_n a_o strenuous_a defender_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n zealous_o withstand_v the_o corruption_n and_o superstition_n of_o popery_n he_o be_v protect_v as_o long_o as_o king_n edward_n iii_o live_v this_o prince_n as_o also_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n john_n duke_z of_o aquitany_n and_o of_o lancaster_n his_o brother_n the_o earl_n of_o salisbury_n the_o baron_n of_o cobham_n lewis_n clifford_n william_n nevil_n and_o john_n montaigue_n knight_n thomas_n latimer_n robert_n ridgly_n chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n and_o many_o other_o lord_n and_o person_n of_o the_o prime_a nobility_n and_o clergy_n of_o england_n adhere_v to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o say_v wickliff_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o thomas_n of_o walden_n and_o croxton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n who_o write_v against_o he_o but_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n two_o through_o the_o solicitation_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o monk_n he_o be_v banish_v afterward_o be_v recall_v from_o exile_n he_o die_v peaceable_o in_o the_o year_n 1386_o in_o the_o parish_n of_o luterworth_n where_o he_o have_v be_v pastor_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o rage_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o adversary_n do_v exasperate_v they_o unto_o a_o persecution_n of_o the_o faithful_a not_o only_o to_o death_n but_o even_o to_o the_o very_a grave_n the_o bone_n of_o this_o man_n of_o god_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1451_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n dig_v up_o and_o public_o burn_v who_o ash_n be_v in_o their_o time_n a_o mystical_a seed_n anno_fw-la 1414._o john_n huss_n bachelor_n in_o divinity_n and_o jerome_n of_o prague_n doctor_n of_o the_o sorbonne_n person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o no_o less_o integrity_n of_o life_n who_o have_v from_o the_o year_n 1400_o publish_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o bohemia_n have_v reap_v some_o first-fruit_n among_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o waldenses_n in_o those_o country_n and_o among_o some_o other_o that_o have_v profess_v the_o doctrine_n of_o wickliff_n they_o do_v so_o laborious_o cultivate_v and_o improve_v the_o lord_n field_n as_o that_o they_o leave_v a_o abundant_a and_o excellent_a harvest_n behind_o they_o now_o forasmuch_o
as_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n be_v through_o mean_n of_o their_o preach_a and_o doctrine_n reduce_v from_o obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n the_o council_n of_o constance_n require_v king_n wenceslaus_n to_o send_v the_o say_a huss_n thither_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n give_v very_o ample_a letter_n of_o safe-conduct_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v not_o scruple_n to_o surrender_v himself_o yet_o notwithstanding_o without_o any_o regard_n have_v thereunto_o he_o be_v within_o twenty_o six_o day_n after_o his_o arrival_n commit_v to_o prison_n and_o after_o a_o hard_a and_o tedious_a incarceration_n most_o unjust_o condemn_v to_o be_v burn_v alive_a as_o a_o heretic_n howbeit_o he_o have_v clear_o demonstrate_v to_o they_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o doctrine_n by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o pregnant_a testimony_n of_o christian_a antiquity_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o he_o maintain_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v depart_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o delight_n of_o the_o world_n hunt_v after_o dominion_n and_o primacy_n embezel_v church-goods_a which_o do_v of_o proper_a right_n belong_v tâ—_n the_o poor_a in_o pomp_n and_o filthy_a and_o infamous_a expense_n confound_v herewith_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n or_o at_o leastwise_o guilty_a of_o a_o voluntary_a and_o deliberate_a contempt_n of_o the_o same_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o such_o authority_n as_o he_o challenge_v over_o the_o church_n and_o that_o indulgence_n be_v null_a that_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o wine_n remain_v untransubstantiate_v in_o the_o supper_n and_o that_o the_o communion_n shall_v be_v equal_o distribute_v to_o all_o under_o both_o kind_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o purgatory_n that_o saint_n depart_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v invoke_v nor_o image_n worship_v and_o that_o all_o those_o thing_n with_o their_o like_a appendant_o have_v no_o other_o foundation_n than_o that_o of_o the_o corruption_n and_o vanity_n of_o a_o humane_a spirit_n parit_fw-la but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o truth_n do_v ever_o purchase_v hatred_n from_o the_o wicked_a as_o be_v natural_o averse_a and_o adverse_a thereunto_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o cruel_a usage_n which_o he_o meet_v withal_o from_o his_o enemy_n which_o he_o endure_v with_o a_o true_o christian-constancy_n rehearse_v as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n or_o rather_o of_o triumph_n diverse_a verse_n of_o the_o psalm_n especial_o of_o the_o 31st_o and_o 51st_o and_o oftentimes_o these_o word_n take_v partly_o out_o of_o the_o 31st_o i_o recommend_v my_o spirit_n into_o thy_o hand_n for_o thou_o have_v redeem_v i_o lord_n jesus_n thou_o god_n of_o truth_n and_o as_o the_o executioner_n be_v set_v fire_n to_o the_o faggot_n he_o say_v three_o time_n with_o a_o strong_a and_o loud_a voice_n jesus_n christ_n thou_o son_n of_o the_o live_a god_n have_v mercy_n upon_o i_o thus_o do_v this_o holy_a martyr_n finish_v all_o his_o labour_n resign_v his_o soul_n to_o god_n upon_o the_o 6_o of_o july_n 1415._o that_o other_o faithful_a witness_n of_o the_o truth_n jerome_n of_o prague_n do_v likewise_o seal_v the_o same_o with_o his_o blood_n upon_o the_o 30_o of_o may_v 1416_o after_o many_o sharp_a conflict_n with_o his_o adversary_n who_o he_o confound_v and_o strike_v dumb_a with_o the_o same_o weapon_n namely_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o admirable_a eloquence_n and_o vigour_n of_o spirit_n aretin_n he_o encounter_v death_n with_o such_o a_o ecstasy_n of_o joy_n that_o when-as_a they_o begin_v to_o kindle_v the_o faggot_n he_o begin_v to_o sing_v divine_a praise_n with_o a_o holy_a hymn_n which_o by_o the_o very_a relation_n of_o aeneas_n silvius_n who_o be_v afterward_o pope_n call_v pius_n two_o and_o of_o pogius_n of_o florence_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o spectator_n he_o continue_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o flame_n till_o that_o his_o blissful_a soul_n take_v wing_n for_o heaven_n there_o to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o harmonious_a new_a song_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o its_o saviour_n and_o the_o company_n of_o angel_n and_o all_o the_o saint_n and_o faithful_a one_o who_o tear_n be_v all_o for_o ever_o wipe_v away_o in_o that_o beatisick_n sabbatism_n of_o glory_n and_o eternal_a bliss_n but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v more_o for_o the_o time_n will_v fail_v we_o shall_v we_o instance_n in_o all_o who_o after_o those_o two_o saithful_a witness_n espouse_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o same_o truth_n which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v as_o they_o before_o they_o seal_v with_o their_o blood_n we_o behove_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o that_o great_a assembly_n of_o person_n at_o douai_n in_o the_o year_n 1421_o who_o hold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o waldenses_n of_o who_o a_o great_a number_n as_o be_v report_v by_o monstrelet_n be_v sacrifice_v to_o the_o flame_n cent._n of_o william_n white_a and_o alexander_n fabrice_n englishman_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1429_o write_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o wickliff_n doctrine_n which_o reynauld_n peacock_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n in_o like_a manner_n maintain_v in_o the_o year_n 1457._o siles_n we_o behove_v likewise_o to_o show_v that_o george_n poggebrach_n king_n of_o bohemia_n together_o with_o his_o subject_n own_v to_o the_o day_n of_o his_o death_n the_o profession_n of_o the_o truth_n against_o the_o determination_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n stand_v incline_v to_o its_o defence_n likewise_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1480_o vsperg_n john_n of_o vessalia_n basil_n of_o groningue_n stephen_n bralfer_n and_o paul_n notary_n of_o tubinge_v doctor_n in_o divinity_n do_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o germany_n withstand_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o romish-church_n for_o control_v of_o who_o vanity_n and_o many_o corruption_n i_o savonarole_n be_v burn_v at_o florence_n in_o the_o year_n 1498_o notwithstanding_o which_o john_n francis_n picus_n count_n of_o mirandula_n fail_v not_o to_o write_v in_o his_o behalf_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o reprehend_v the_o very_a same_o abuse_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1505_o paul_n scriptoris_fw-la do_v in_o his_o lecture_n in_o the_o university_n of_o tubinge_v public_o declaim_v against_o transubstantiation_n and_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1507_o thomas_n more_o of_o brockford_n a_o englishman_n be_v burn_v at_o norwich_n for_o preach_v against_o the_o then_o prevail_a superstition_n of_o the_o church_n we_o behove_v moreover_o to_o produce_v that_o goodly_a confession_n present_v in_o the_o year_n 1508_o to_o king_n vladislaus_n by_o the_o persecute_a waldenses_n in_o hungary_n which_o be_v exact_o conformable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o protestant_n and_o reform_a church_n and_o likewise_o observe_v all_o that_o be_v record_v by_o that_o great_a lawyer_n charles_n du_fw-fr moulin_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o french_a monarchy_n on_o purpose_n to_o give_v the_o world_n to_o understand_v what_o reception_n the_o doctrine_n and_o life_n of_o those_o of_o cabrieres_n and_o merindol_n find_v with_o king_n lewis_n xii_o which_o give_v such_o ample_a satisfaction_n to_o that_o great_a prince_n as_o that_o upon_o the_o report_n therein_o make_v to_o he_o of_o the_o same_o he_o swear_v that_o they_o have_v more_o goodness_n and_o worth_n in_o they_o than_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n beside_o final_o we_o behove_v in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o that_o incomparable_a monarch_n to_o add_v how_o that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n he_o quell_v the_o sauciness_n and_o petulancy_n of_o julius_n two_o who_o have_v excommunicate_v he_o have_v assemble_v a_o council_n at_o pisa_n in_o order_n to_o the_o reform_v of_o the_o church_n both_o in_o its_o head_n and_o member_n and_o cause_v batter_v the_o golden_a species_n with_o this_o inscription_n perdam_fw-la babylonis_fw-la nomen_fw-la c_o a_o d._n i_o will_v utter_o destroy_v the_o name_n of_o babylon_n and_o have_v not_o injurious_a death_n sudden_o snatch_v he_o away_o he_o have_v undoubted_o put_v a_o happy_a essay_n to_o a_o thorough_a reformation_n but_o enough_o of_o that_o we_o be_v now_o arrive_v at_o anno_fw-la 1517._o martin_n luther_n together_o with_o those_o his_o contemporary_n who_o god_n raise_v up_o for_o the_o same_o work_n do_v in_o this_o year_n strike_v that_o great_a blow_n which_o do_v so_o mighty_o shake_v the_o papal_a power_n and_o restore_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o heretofore_o tremble_v under_o the_o censure_n of_o rome_n ruin_n that_o lawful_a though_o control_v authority_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o none_o but_o god_n himself_o and_o this_o be_v so_o marvellous_a that_o after_o that_o time_n the_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n the_o
be_v form_v of_o earth_n and_o clay_n but_o god_n have_v gift_v and_o inspire_v theâ—_n with_o the_o breath_n of_o a_o divine_a and_o heavenâ—ly_a life_n etc._n they_o be_v the_o dry_a bone_n in_o the_o proâ—phets_n vision_n which_o when_o by_o the_o spirit_n oâ—_n god_n miraculous_o quicken_v do_v in_o finâ—_n cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n god_n have_v cut_v anâ—_n polish_v they_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o gold_n diamond_n &_o pearl_n and_o expose_v they_o tâ—_n open_a view_n in_o case_n the_o sun_n of_o righteousâ—ness_n shall_v in_o order_n to_o the_o more_o accurate_a elaboration_n of_o this_o same_o gold_n find_v it_o fuâ—â—ther_o expedient_a to_o pass_v it_o through_o the_o fuâ—â—nace_n this_o be_v to_o put_v a_o high_a and_o morâ—_n considerable_a value_n upon_o it_o shall_v he_o in_o order_n to_o the_o polish_n of_o they_o diâ—â—mond-like_a fasten_v they_o to_o the_o wheel_n 〈◊〉_d affliction_n his_o end_n herein_o likewise_o werâ—_n to_o put_v a_o more_o sparkle_a lustre_n upon_o theâ—_n and_o through_o the_o several_a form_n engraveâ—_n upon_o they_o by_o his_o spirit_n to_o render_v theâ—_n a_o thousand_o time_n more_o bright_a and_o refuâ—â—gent_a final_o those_o magnificent_a pearâ—_n of_o the_o orient_a from_o on_o high_a 27._o wherein_o 〈◊〉_d neither_o spot_n nor_o wrinkle_n be_v nowhere_o 〈◊〉_d be_v find_v but_o in_o the_o ocean_n and_o bottom_n 〈◊〉_d the_o deep_a sea_n of_o adversity_n &_o temptation_n whereof_o god_n who_o have_v whiten_v they_o 〈◊〉_d the_o blood_n of_o his_o son_n have_v make_v a_o good_a chain_n which_o he_o vouchsafe_v to_o fasten_v upâ—â—_n the_o breast_n of_o his_o compassion_n or_o to_o wear_v as_o a_o noble_a bracelet_n upon_o the_o arm_n of_o his_o mercy_n and_o that_o he_o may_v crown_v all_o those_o grace_n 8._o likea_n as_o he_o assure_v we_o he_o botle_v our_o tear_n he_o careful_o repose_v and_o lock_v up_o all_o those_o rich_a pearl_n of_o price_n in_o his_o own_o treasury_n wherefore_o we_o can_v never_o enough_o lament_v the_o occecation_n and_o blindness_n of_o man_n who_o not_o know_v the_o time_n of_o their_o visitation_n have_v love_v the_o darkness_n of_o error_n rather_o than_o the_o light_n of_o truth_n which_o have_v with_o such_o a_o marvellous_a efficacy_n shine_v out_o towards_o those_o who_o be_v in_o darkness_n and_o in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o death_n that_o after_o the_o dawn_n of_o those_o bless_a day_n of_o reformation_n until_o which_o those_o poor_a soul_n be_v so_o miserable_o entangle_v through_o vain_a philosophy_n and_o the_o rudiment_n of_o the_o world_n 8._o which_o be_v not_o after_o christ_n that_o with_o they_o aristotle_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n more_o esteem_v of_o than_o a_o apostle_n that_o after_o i_o say_v that_o admirable_a change_n the_o sacred_a volume_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o they_o before_o a_o book_n seal_v with_o seven_o seal_n &_o hard_o to_o be_v understand_v do_v through_o the_o several_a translation_n of_o the_o same_o into_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o vulgar_a language_n of_o europe_n become_v general_a and_o common_a it_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n after_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o exposition_n of_o divine_a book_n be_v reestablish_v in_o the_o church_n instead_o of_o fabulous_a legend_n which_o be_v former_o the_o ordinary_a subject_n of_o their_o sermon_n nor_o have_v they_o come_v this_o length_n but_o upon_o design_n to_o supplant_v the_o simple_a &_o through_o the_o shame_n and_o reproach_n which_o they_o sustain_v to_o see_v that_o we_o make_v that_o sacred_a word_n the_o very_a foundation_n and_o subject-matter_n of_o our_o doctrine_n and_o exhortation_n but_o that_o which_o they_o have_v ever_o offer_v and_o still_o offer_v such_o violence_n unto_o as_o that_o so_o little_a inquisitive_n be_v they_o after_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o truth_n therein_o contain_v their_o main_a care_n and_o business_n be_v to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v their_o error_n and_o upon_o this_o very_a account_n do_v they_o traduce_v and_o misapply_v the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v humane_a and_o consequent_o fallible_a can_v never_o serve_v for_o a_o rule_n or_o judge_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n insomuch_o that_o even_o they_o themselves_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o sacred_a canon_n of_o divine_a scripture_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o reckon_n as_o touch_v the_o write_n of_o the_o father_n aswell_o as_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o perceive_v that_o all_o solid_a antiquity_n do_v deposit_v and_o testify_v in_o our_o favour_n as_o we_o have_v show_v above_o they_o suppress_v and_o stifle_v the_o most_o goodly_a and_o precious_a monument_n and_o the_o original_n of_o rich_a piece_n of_o christian_a antiquity_n or_o else_o mangle_v change_n and_o miserable_o deface_v they_o wherever_o their_o own_o cause_n be_v discountenance_v and_o fear_v lest_o that_o refuge_n may_v also_o fail_v they_o their_o doctor_n have_v in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o order_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n frame_v expurgatory_n indices_fw-la conformable_o whereunto_o they_o exhibit_v to_o we_o the_o write_n of_o the_o father_n and_o not_o content_v to_o pay_v we_o in_o clip_a money_n they_o also_o force_v upon_o we_o false_a and_o naughty_a allay_n obtrude_a many_o spurious_a piece_n for_o the_o product_n of_o antiquity_n or_o of_o some_o of_o the_o father_n which_o yet_o be_v never_o they_o as_o may_v easy_o appear_v if_o we_o compare_v the_o counterfeit_n with_o the_o true_a coin_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o the_o more_o soberlearned_a of_o the_o romish_a communion_n themselves_o have_v be_v always_o constrain_v to_o confess_v nevertheless_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o we_o shall_v still_o find_v even_o in_o those_o mutilous_a form_n matter_n enough_o for_o satisfy_v of_o they_o and_o for_o subvert_v and_o destroy_v of_o error_n by_o its_o own_o weapon_n who_o then_o will_v not_o judge_v from_o hence_o of_o the_o goodness_n and_o equity_n of_o our_o cause_n who_o can_v infer_v the_o naughtiness_n or_o desperacy_n of_o that_o of_o our_o party_n against_o who_o they_o have_v commence_v so_o criminal_a a_o process_n will_v yet_o notwithstanding_o be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o fact_n and_o refuse_v to_o understand_v our_o defence_n traduce_v we_o as_o guilty_a and_o according_o condemn_v we_o in_o the_o force_n and_o form_n as_o the_o say_n be_v of_o a_o proscription_n of_o sackage_n and_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_a characterise_v that_o precipitant_a spirit_n by_o which_o they_o be_v act_v perceive_v that_o all_o right_a and_o reason_n fail_v they_o they_o for_o supply_n of_o that_o defect_n betake_v themselves_o to_o menace_n violence_n torment_n cruel_a punishment_n perjury_n massacre_n etc._n etc._n yea_o there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o artifice_n or_o stratagem_n imaginable_a which_o they_o have_v not_o employ_v and_o which_o they_o do_v not_o still_o employ_v through_o the_o sanguinary_a consult_v of_o their_o congregation_n parliament_n of_o the_o propagatour_n of_o the_o faith_n in_o order_n to_o the_o utter_a pervert_n or_o subvert_v of_o the_o truth_n by_o we_o profess_v but_o they_o have_v sufficient_o hammer_v upon_o that_o anvil_n all_o their_o tool_n will_v undoubted_o split_v upon_o it_o at_o last_o and_o god_n out_o of_o love_n to_o his_o great_a name_n will_v render_v his_o truth_n and_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o same_o everlasting_o triumphant_a over_o all_o its_o and_o their_o combine_a enemy_n let_v they_o not_o allege_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v continue_v still_o in_o their_o communion_n and_o not_o to_o have_v separate_v from_o they_o since_o that_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o do_v without_o a_o mortal_a wound_n to_o our_o conscience_n in_o give_v to_o the_o creature_n that_o which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o creator_n only_o and_o without_o involve_v and_o embrue_v of_o ourselves_o into_o a_o thousand_o superstition_n moreover_o we_o never_o go_v away_o from_o their_o communion_n till_o by_o themselves_o chase_v away_o through_o their_o persecute_v of_o we_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n it_o be_v fair_o do_v of_o they_o forsooth_o after_o just_a motive_n of_o our_o retreat_n and_o withdrawment_n and_o their_o cruel_a and_o rigid_a procedure_n against_o we_o to_o turn_v the_o same_o into_o our_o reproach_n for_o though_o after_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n basil_n and_o pisa_n a_o reformation_n be_v judge_v expedient_a and_o necessary_a it_o be_v the_o universal_a sense_n of_o all_o that_o the_o church_n behove_v to_o be_v reform_v both_o in_o head_n and_o member_n rome_n nevertheless_o ever_o loath_a to_o part_v with_o what_o she_o have_v once_o get_v obstinate_o maintain_v not_o only_o the_o doctrinal_n which_o be_v the_o main_a ground_n of_o our_o separation_n but_o even_o the_o most_o foppish_a and_o ridiculous_a appertinant_n of_o her_o creed_n and_o servile_a ceremony_n fear_v say_v
cardinal_n prenestine_n to_o pope_n hadrian_n lest_o have_v confess_v her_o error_n and_o deviation_n in_o one_o point_n occasion_n may_v happy_o be_v from_o thence_o administer_v of_o examine_v of_o the_o rest_n and_o of_o resolve_v the_o same_o into_o a_o reference_n or_o com-promise_n this_o be_v thereason_n why_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n instead_o of_o redress_v abuse_n 1â—6_n have_v indeed_o confirm_v they_o all_o be_v therein_o carried-on_a according_a to_o the_o pope_n will_n and_o pleasure_n who_o be_v in_o that_o convention_n both_o judge_n and_o party_n whereupon_o monsieur_n de_fw-fr lansack_n one_o of_o the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o that_o council_n say_v very_o facetious_o in_o a_o letter_n to_o monfieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lisle_n ambassador_n at_o rome_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v send_v the_o holy-ghost_n from_o rome_n to_o trent_n in_o a_o cloak-bag_n the_o legate_n and_o council_n act_v or_o enact_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o appoint_v they_o and_o albeit_o several_a bishop_n incline_v to_o make_v some_o opposition_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o character_n yet_o this_o prove_v ineffectual_a they_o have_v in_o fine_a submit_v their_o neck_n under_o the_o papal-yoke_n though_o all_o this_o succeed_v very_o lucky_o according_a to_o the_o heart_n desire_v of_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n yet_o notwithstanding_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o they_o conceive_v such_o a_o disgust_n and_o aversion_n to_o council_n that_o they_o never_o care_v more_o to_o propound_v the_o assemble_v of_o another_o fear_v lest_o they_o may_v set_v about_o that_o happy_a reformation_n which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v with_o such_o importunity_n desire_v and_o so_o absolute_o necessary_a both_o in_o head_n and_o member_n all_o that_o they_o busy_v themselves_o about_o after_o that_o be_v what_o yet_o well_o become_v they_o the_o regulate_v of_o the_o hood_n hosen_n and_o shoe_n of_o monk_n the_o number_n of_o who_o instead_o of_o reduce_v they_o contrariwise_o augment_v under_o the_o badge_n of_o their_o saint_n francis_n dominicus_n ignatius_n loyola_n and_o some_o other_o modern_a one_o insomuch_o that_o the_o whole_a far_o from_o reform_v misusage_n tend_v only_o to_o foment_n scandal_n in_o such_o as_o be_v acquaint_v with_o true_a piety_n those_o reverend_a father_n have_v well_o nigh_o resolve_v all_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o divine_a worship_n into_o the_o practice_n of_o numerous_a ceremony_n and_o superstitious_a observance_n for_o therein_o consist_v all_o their_o business_n scrupulous_o annex_v their_o profess_a sanctity_n to_o ridiculous_a mystical_a vestment_n and_o foppish_a fantastical_a gesticulation_n and_o whereas_o god_n will_v be_v worship_v in_o spirit_n 24._o and_o in_o truth_n they_o pretend_v to_o satisfy_v he_o with_o instead_o of_o a_o true_a a_o superficial_a and_o instead_o of_o a_o spiritual_a a_o bodily_a service_n which_o the_o apostle_n inform_v we_o profit_v little_a 8._o howbeit_o to_o be_v sure_a they_o cloak_n under_o their_o counterfeit_a humility_n and_o devotion_n a_o extreme_a and_o indeed_o unsufferable_a pride_n and_o vanity_n as_o may_v sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o continual_a attempt_n make_v upon_o the_o ordinary_n namely_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o curate_n who_o undergo_v all_o imaginable_a difficulty_n in_o stop_v the_o currant_n of_o the_o seraphick_n and_o other_o regulars_n more_o especial_o of_o such_o as_o have_v devote_v themselves_o to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n and_o their_o general_n or_o superior_a by_o so_o strict_a a_o vow_n that_o when_o ever_o they_o believe_v their_o own_o interest_n to_o be_v under_o debate_n they_o ought_v to_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o person_n in_o the_o world_n may_v the_o lord_n commiserate_v his_o church_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o heart_n of_o christian_a king_n and_o prince_n to_o call_v as_o the_o abovenamed_a great_a emperor_n constantine_n theodosius_n and_o charles_n the_o great_a have_v do_v before_o they_o a_o religious_a and_o free_a council_n wherein_o all_o party_n abandon_v prejudices_fw-la and_o animosity_n may_v in_o good_a earnest_n give_v themselves_o to_o a_o enquiry_n after_o the_o truth_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n which_o shall_v be_v hearken_v to_o as_o the_o only_a decisive_a oracle_n who_o right_a it_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n depend_v between_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o those_o who_o protest_v against_o her_o doctrine_n and_o that_o the_o more_o obscure_a passage_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n may_v be_v expound_v by_o other_o more_o clear_a so_o as_o that_o we_o may_v attain_v to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o scripture_n by_o the_o very_a scripture_n itself_o 8._o according_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o levit_n when_o they_o instruct_v the_o people_n of_o god_n after_o their_o return_n from_o the_o babylonish_n captivity_n that_o the_o ancient_a father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n and_o writer_n of_o ecclesiastical_a history_n by_o who_o mean_n we_o may_v be_v inform_v of_o the_o various_a revolution_n and_o interchange_n which_o have_v thereâ—n_o occur_v may_v be_v likewise_o receive_v as_o a_o subsidiary_a help_n for_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o more_o obstinate_a and_o opiniative_a and_o that_o king_n call_v of_o god_n unto_o this_o great_a work_n may_v in_o concurrence_n with_o a_o privy_a council_n consist_v of_o some_o of_o the_o more_o learned_a and_o more_o sober_a of_o both_o party_n prudential_o weigh_v the_o validity_n of_o reason_n urge_v the_o sincerity_n of_o procedure_n and_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n we_o shall_v quick_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v that_o we_o have_v a_o veneration_n for_o episcopal_a government_n and_o that_o we_o be_v no_o enemy_n to_o order_n ornanment_n or_o decency_n nor_o yet_o to_o ceremony_n provide_v the_o whole_a be_v reduce_v to_o ancient_a usage_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o therein_o derogatory_n to_o that_o honour_n and_o religious_a worship_n which_o we_o owe_v to_o god_n only_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o sacrament_n if_o the_o word_n of_o god_n may_v be_v umpire_n as_o without_o all_o peradventure_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v we_o shall_v soon_o likewise_o condescend_v upon_o their_o number_n and_o in_o conformity_n to_o that_o sacred_a directory_n 24._o observe_v our_o saviour_n practice_n and_o that_o which_o st._n paul_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o commandment_n have_v enjoin_v we_o to_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n we_o shall_v take_v the_o bread_n we_o shall_v all_o drink_v of_o the_o cup_n of_o blessing_n in_o commemoration_n of_o the_o inestimable_a death_n of_o our_o dear_a redeemer_n who_o flesh_n and_o blood_n be_v meat_n and_o drink_n indeed_o whereby_o we_o be_v nourish_v unto_o a_o eternal_a life_n we_o shall_v know_v without_o further_a debate_n that_o this_o union_n be_v wrought_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o his_o spirit_n who_o unit_v and_o conjoyn_v we_o to_o himself_o after_o a_o ineffable_a but_o a_o true_a and_o real_a manner_n 17._o christ_n dwell_v in_o our_o heart_n by_o faith_n which_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o our_o soul_n by_o which_o we_o feed_v upon_o he_o whereunto_o the_o conversion_n of_o bread_n into_o flesh_n be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a but_o the_o elevation_n of_o faith_n unto_o heaven_n its_o genuine_a and_o proper_a act_n for_o as_o our_o lord_n have_v teach_v we_o 63._o it_o be_v the_o spirit_n that_o quicken_v the_o flesh_n profit_v nothing_o the_o word_n that_o i_o speak_v unto_o you_o they_o be_v spirit_n and_o they_o be_v life_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o vivifick_a virtue_n as_o well_o in_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o gospel_n as_o in_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n wherein_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o wine_n be_v sign_n gauge_n and_o memorial_n of_o that_o which_o be_v therein_o represent_v to_o we_o who_o name_n they_o bear_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o all_o sacrament_n 21_o as_o also_o because_o they_o be_v not_o only_o significative_a but_o likewise_o exhibitive_a of_o the_o thing_n signify_v to_o the_o faithful_a and_o worthy_a communicant_a so_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v straight_o and_o certain_o this_o same_o real-presence_n and_o participation_n may_v be_v easy_o enough_o conceive_v without_o the_o necessary_a admission_n of_o a_o local_a and_o gross_a one_o for_o if_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o sun_n whilst_o bound_v within_o its_o sphere_n do_v yet_o communicate_v warinth_n life_n and_o nourishment_n and_o that_o true_o real_o substantial_o to_o vegetable_n can_v any_o one_o doubt_n without_o blasphemy_n that_o the_o glorious_a body_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n the_o true_a sun_n of_o righteousness_n who_o carry_v health_n and_o life_n in_o his_o divine_a ray_n be_v furnish_v with_o less_o virtue_n than_o that_o globe_n of_o fire_n and_o light_n which_o himself_o have_v enlighten_v or_o that_o his_o humane_a nature_n which_o he_o have_v unite_v personal_o to_o his_o divinity_n can_v by_o its_o mean_n mystical_o unite_v