ignorant_a layman_n by_o a_o singular_a way_n of_o speak_v and_o by_o vain_a subtlety_n but_o these_o subtlety_n be_v dangerous_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o berengarius_fw-la abalard_n and_o gilbert_n of_o poirée_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o wise_a person_n as_o st._n anselm_n peter_n of_o blois_n and_o st._n bernard_n firm_o resolve_v to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o father_n reject_v these_o new_a curiosity_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n give_v himself_o more_o liberty_n make_v foam_n false_a step_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o book_n of_o aristotle_n come_v to_o be_v know_v as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o whether_o for_o the_o dispute_n against_o the_o jew_n and_o arabian_n or_o for_o some_o other_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o the_o divine_n think_v they_o have_v need_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o do_v accommodate_v they_o to_o our_o religion_n who_o doctrine_n and_o morality_n they_o explain_v according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o philosopher_n this_o be_v do_v by_o albertus_n magnus_n alexander_n hales_n st._n thomas_n and_o many_o other_o after_o they_o and_o their_o method_n of_o divinity_n may_v be_v reckon_v the_o three_o for_o there_o be_v two_o more_o ancient_a the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o church_n who_o study_v the_o holy_a scripture_n immediate_o chief_o draw_v from_o thence_o the_o knowledge_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o faithful_a and_o the_o refutation_n of_o the_o heretic_n this_o theology_n continue_v till_o towards_o the_o eight_o age._n the_o second_o be_v that_o of_o bede_n of_o raban_n and_o other_o of_o the_o same_o time_n who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o father_n content_v themselves_o with_o copy_v they_o make_v collection_n and_o extract_v out_o of_o they_o and_o take_v gloss_n and_o commentary_n upon_o the_o scripture_n out_o of_o they_o also_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o the_o schoolman_n who_o handle_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o father_n by_o the_o form_n and_o instrument_n of_o logic_n and_o metaphysic_n draw_v from_o the_o write_n of_o aristotle_n 29._o and_o thus_o cardinal_n perron_n define_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o study_n of_o civil_a law_n and_o medic_n be_v revive_v but_o it_o be_v impossible_a then_o to_o study_v civil_a law_n well_o since_o they_o want_v law_n the_o roman_a law_n and_o those_o barbarous_a law_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v under_o the_o two_o first_o race_n of_o our_o king_n franc._n be_v abolish_v by_o contrary_a custom_n or_o by_o forgetfulness_n and_o ignorance_n they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v new_a law_n because_o as_o yet_o they_o have_v not_o re-establish_v the_o foundation_n of_o civil_a society_n the_o liberty_n of_o travel_n the_o security_n of_o trade_n and_o industry_n the_o union_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o common_a people_n be_v either_o slave_n or_o look_v upon_o as_o such_o the_o noble_n live_v disperse_v and_o cantonize_v every_o one_o in_o his_o castle_n with_o his_o arm_n always_o in_o his_o hand_n there_o be_v no_o other_o law_n in_o france_n but_o unwritten_a custom_n very_o uncertain_a and_o very_o different_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o prodigious_a number_n of_o lord_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o give_v law_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o italy_n the_o book_n of_o the_o justinian_n law_n be_v recover_v and_o it_o begin_v public_o to_o be_v teach_v at_o montpelier_n and_o tholouse_n but_o these_o law_n be_v not_o law_n for_o we_o because_o the_o gaul_n have_v be_v free_v from_o the_o roman-yoke_n before_o justinian_n be_v in_o the_o world_n furthermore_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o understand_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o ignorance_n of_o language_n and_o history_n there_o not_o be_v any_o tradition_n of_o they_o preserve_v among_o we_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o court_n for_o six_o hundred_o year_n after_o they_o be_v write_v they_o do_v not_o however_o omit_v to_o study_v and_o apply_v they_o as_o they_o can_v to_o their_o present_a occasion_n and_o they_o gain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o authority_n by_o the_o great_a name_n of_o roman_a law_n and_o by_o the_o extreme_a necessity_n there_o be_v of_o some_o rule_n in_o judicial_a proceed_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n be_v not_o in_o such_o a_o ill_a condition_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o canon_n be_v preserve_v though_o discipline_n begin_v to_o be_v remiss_a there_o be_v many_o collection_n of_o ancient_a canon_n among_o other_o that_o of_o gratian_n who_o live_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o twelve_o age._n it_o be_v true_a they_o be_v not_o very_o correct_v and_o they_o be_v intermix_v with_o many_o passage_n of_o the_o father_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n together_o with_o the_o decretal_n father_v upon_o the_o first_o pope_n which_o at_o last_o have_v be_v own_a to_o be_v suppositious_a this_o example_n make_v it_o appear_v of_o how_o great_a importance_n it_o be_v for_o the_o preserve_a tradition_n in_o its_o purity_n that_o there_o be_v always_o in_o the_o church_n person_n who_o be_v skilled_a in_o language_n and_o history_n and_o who_o be_v well_o verse_v in_o critical_a learning_n medic_n be_v still_o worse_o treat_v than_o civil_a law_n hitherto_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n except_v some_o secret_n of_o old_a woman_n and_o some_o tradition_n of_o receipt_n which_o be_v preserve_v in_o family_n the_o first_o book_n which_o they_o study_v be_v those_o of_o the_o arabian_n and_o among_o other_o the_o write_n of_o mesua_n and_o avicenna_n they_o receive_v their_o foolery_n and_o superstition_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n neglect_v as_o these_o have_v do_v anatomy_n and_o they_o consult_v they_o also_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o plant_n as_o there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o monk_n who_o study_v so_o there_o be_v none_o but_o they_o who_o be_v physician_n fulbert_n bishop_n of_o chartres_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n bishop_n of_o paris_n be_v physician_n obizo_fw-it one_o of_o the_o religious_a of_o st._n victor_n be_v physician_n to_o lewis_n the_o gross_a rigord_n monk_n of_o st._n denys_n who_o have_v write_v the_o life_n of_o philip_n the_o august_n be_v one_o also_o one_o of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n hold_v under_o innocent_a the_o ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1139._o take_v notice_n of_o it_o as_o a_o abuse_n long_o practise_v that_o monk_n and_o regular_a canon_n to_o get_v money_n profess_v themselves_o advocate_n and_o physician_n this_o council_n speak_v only_o of_o those_o religious_a who_o be_v profess_v and_o medic_n cease_v not_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o clergyman_n three_o hundred_o year_n after_o but_o it_o be_v never_o permit_v to_o the_o clergy_n to_o shed_v blood_n nor_o to_o keep_v a_o shop_n of_o ware_n this_o may_v probable_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o distinguish_a physician_n from_o surgeon_n and_o apothecary_n this_o distinction_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n keep_v physician_n in_o the_o speculation_n only_o without_o apply_v themselves_o to_o experiment_n thus_o all_o study_n be_v reduce_v to_o four_o sort_n or_o faculty_n the_o three_o principal_a faculty_n divinity_n law_n and_o physic_n the_o four_o comprehend_v all_o preliminary_n studies_n which_o be_v account_v necessary_a to_o arrive_v unto_o these_o high_a study_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o arts._n doubtless_o reason_n require_v that_o man_n shall_v study_v what_o be_v most_o useful_a first_o for_o the_o soul_n and_o then_o for_o the_o body_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o life_n upon_o this_o project_n university_n be_v found_v especial_o that_o of_o paris_n which_o can_v hardly_o have_v its_o beginning_n late_a than_o the_o year_n 1200._o for_o a_o long_a time_n there_o have_v be_v about_o the_o bishop_n house_n two_o sort_n of_o school_n the_o one_o for_o the_o young_a clergy_n to_o who_o grammar_n singing_n and_o arithmetic_n be_v teach_v and_o their_o master_n be_v either_o the_o chanter_n of_o the_o cathedral_n or_o the_o ecolatré_v otherwise_o call_v the_o capiscol_n that_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o school_n the_o other_o school_n be_v for_o priest_n and_o clerk_n of_o a_o high_a form_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n himself_o or_o some_o priest_n commissioned_n by_o he_o explain_v the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o canon_n theologal_n afterward_o the_o theologal_a be_v express_o erect_v for_o this_o office_n peter_n lombard_n bishop_n of_o paris_n better_a know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n have_v make_v his_o school_n very_o famous_a for_o divinity_n and_o there_o be_v some_o religious_a of_o st._n victor_n in_o great_a repute_n for_o the_o liberal_a arts._n thus_o the_o study_n of_o paris_n become_v famous_a
dangerous_a the_o poet_n be_v the_o devil_n prophet_n who_o breathe_v nothing_o but_o idolatry_n and_o debauchery_n and_o make_v agreeable_a representation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o passion_n and_o villainy_n many_o philosopher_n despise_v all_o religion_n in_o general_n memor_n and_o deny_v that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o miracle_n or_o prophecy_n other_o make_v great_a endeavour_n to_o establish_v idolatry_n by_o allegorise_v natural_a thing_n and_o by_o the_o secret_n of_o magic_a moreover_o their_o morality_n be_v stuff_v with_o error_n and_o all_o turn_v upon_o this_o principle_n of_o pride_n diosc_n that_o it_o be_v in_o man_n power_n to_o make_v himself_o good_a and_o virtuous_a the_o orator_n be_v full_a of_o artifice_n lie_n reproach_n or_o flatteris_n and_o the_o most_o solid_a subject_n of_o their_o discourse_n be_v matter_n of_o business_n from_o which_o the_o christian_n studious_o desire_v to_o sequester_n themselves_o they_o believe_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v lose_v the_o time_n give_v they_o to_o gain_v eternity_n if_o they_o have_v employ_v it_o in_o the_o read_n foreign_a history_n in_o mathematical_a speculation_n and_o other_o curiosity_n and_o they_o always_o see_v in_o they_o great_a danger_n of_o vanity_n a_o thing_n inseparable_a from_o the_o most_o innocent_a study_n so_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o christian_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o to_o work_n of_o charity_n towards_o their_o brethren_n their_o school_n be_v the_o church_n where_o the_o bishop_n daily_o explain_v the_o holy_a scripture_n there_o be_v also_o priest_n and_o deacon_n who_o particular_a business_n it_o be_v to_o instruct_v the_o catechuman_n and_o manage_v the_o dispute_n against_o the_o heathen_n and_o every_o bishop_n take_v particular_a care_n to_o instruct_v his_o clergy_n chief_o the_o young_a sort_n who_o attend_v continual_o about_o his_o person_n to_o serve_v he_o as_o reader_n and_o secretary_n to_o follow_v he_o and_o carry_v about_o his_o letter_n and_o order_n and_o thus_o they_o learned_a the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n rather_o by_o domestic_a instruction_n and_o long_o use_v than_o by_o formal_a and_o set_v lecture_n nevertheless_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o there_o be_v many_o christian_n who_o be_v very_o learned_a in_o the_o heathen_a book_n and_o the_o profane_a science_n but_o if_o we_o do_v well_o examine_v the_o matter_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o great_a number_n of_o those_o person_n have_v study_v they_o before_o they_o become_v christian_n and_o be_v well_o verse_v therein_o they_o know_v how_o to_o employ_v they_o to_o the_o purpose_n of_o religion_n all_o the_o good_a they_o find_v in_o they_o they_o vend_v again_o as_o their_o own_o because_o all_o truth_n come_v from_o god_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o solid_a maxim_n of_o morality_n which_o they_o find_v disperse_v in_o the_o poet_n and_o the_o philosopher_n and_o also_o of_o the_o remarkable_a example_n of_o history_n to_o prepare_v the_o way_n to_o christian_a morality_n on_o the_o contrary_a they_o take_v advantage_n from_o the_o absurdity_n of_o the_o fable_n and_o impiety_n of_o heathen_a theology_n to_o encounter_v paganism_n with_o its_o own_o weapon_n and_o thus_o employ_v their_o knowledge_n of_o history_n in_o dispute_n against_o the_o heathen_n it_o be_v with_o this_o intention_n that_o africanus_n compose_v that_o famous_a chronology_n from_o which_o eusebius_n have_v take_v he_o it_o be_v with_o this_o design_n that_o the_o same_o eusebius_n write_v his_o evangelical_n preparation_n and_o st._n clement_n of_o alexandria_n his_o advice_n to_o the_o gentile_n and_o his_o stromata_n afterward_o the_o arian_n and_o other_o heretic_n who_o make_v use_v of_o philosophy_n to_o destroy_v the_o faith_n do_v also_o oblige_v the_o holy_a father_n to_o employ_v humane_a learning_n to_o overthrow_v their_o sophism_n thus_o they_o make_v use_v of_o profane_a book_n with_o great_a discretion_n yet_o with_o a_o holy_a liberty_n and_o therefore_o when_o julian_n the_o apostate_n forbid_v christian_n to_o teach_v and_o study_v the_o book_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o be_v the_o heathen_n they_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o new_a sort_n of_o persecution_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o that_o time_n they_o profess_v to_o teach_v humane_a learning_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o permit_v in_o the_o first_o age_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v tertullian_n 10._o but_o the_o reason_n which_o he_o allege_v be_v cease_v since_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o full_a liberty_n of_o christianity_n this_o happy_a change_n make_v the_o philosopher_n to_o be_v neglect_v st._n augustine_n witness_v that_o in_o his_o time_n they_o can_v no_o more_o be_v hear_v to_o discourse_n in_o the_o gymnasia_fw-la diosc_n which_o be_v their_o proper_a school_n though_o in_o those_o of_o the_o rhetorician_n some_o of_o their_o opinion_n be_v still_o recite_v but_o not_o teach_v neither_o their_o book_n explain_v of_o which_o even_o the_o copy_n be_v very_o rare_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o that_o no_o person_n dare_v to_o dispute_v against_o the_o truth_n under_o the_o name_n of_o stoic_a or_o epicurean_a but_o that_o to_o be_v hear_v he_o be_v force_v to_o mask_n himself_o under_o the_o name_n of_o christian_a and_o to_o be_v enter_v into_o some_o sect_n of_o the_o heretic_n st._n augustine_n do_v not_o write_v this_o because_o he_o be_v not_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o philosopher_n for_o in_o his_o youth_n he_o have_v acquaint_v himself_o with_o they_o all_o insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o perfect_a philosopher_n since_o there_o never_o be_v any_o man_n of_o a_o more_o penetrate_a spirit_n profound_a meditation_n and_o a_o more_o consistent_a reason_n the_o great_a part_n also_o of_o the_o greek_a father_n be_v famous_a philosopher_n but_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o among_o all_o the_o philosopher_n renown_a in_o antiquity_n aristotle_n be_v he_o of_o who_o they_o make_v least_o use_n they_o find_v that_o he_o do_v not_o speak_v worthy_o of_o the_o divine_a providence_n nor_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o his_o logic_n be_v too_o subtle_a and_o his_o morality_n too_o low_a and_o humane_a for_o this_o be_v the_o judgement_n 33._o which_o st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n give_v of_o he_o and_o although_o plato_n also_o have_v his_o fault_n yet_o the_o father_n thought_n they_o can_v make_v better_a use_n of_o he_o because_o in_o his_o write_n they_o find_v more_o footstep_n of_o truth_n and_o more_o effectual_a mean_n of_o persuasion_n in_o short_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o they_o undervalue_v aristotle_n it_o be_v not_o because_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v he_o which_o certain_o they_o do_v better_o than_o they_o who_o have_v since_o advance_v he_o so_o high_a profane_a philosophy_n be_v decry_v because_o true_a philosopher_n that_o be_v good_a christian_n and_o especial_o the_o monk_n be_v every_o where_o to_o be_v see_v that_o contempt_n of_o honour_n the_o opinion_n of_o man_n riches_n and_o pleasure_n that_o patience_n in_o poverty_n and_o hardship_n which_o socrates_n and_o zeno_n have_v so_o much_o seek_v after_o and_o of_o which_o they_o have_v discourse_v so_o much_o the_o solitary_n of_o these_o day_n practise_v after_o a_o much_o more_o excellent_a manner_n without_o dispute_v and_o without_o argue_v they_o live_v in_o perfect_a tranquillity_n vanquisher_n of_o their_o passion_n and_o continual_o unite_v unto_o god_n they_o be_v troublesome_a to_o no_o man_n and_o without_o writing_n without_o speak_v without_o show_v themselves_o except_o very_o rare_o they_o instruct_v the_o whole_a world_n by_o their_o example_n and_o delight_v it_o with_o the_o fragrancy_n of_o their_o virtue_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o reason_n to_o wonder_v why_o they_o be_v have_v in_o such_o great_a veneration_n or_o to_o judge_v of_o these_o ancient_a monk_n by_o those_o that_o appear_v before_o the_o late_a reformation_n who_o looseness_n have_v cause_v this_o name_n so_o much_o honour_v by_o the_o ancient_n to_o be_v despise_v it_o must_v be_v remember_v that_o these_o be_v the_o true_a disciple_n of_o st._n anthony_n st._n basil_n st._n martin_n and_o other_o saint_n who_o rule_n they_o practise_v and_o who_o virtue_n they_o imitate_v for_o the_o monastery_n be_v then_o the_o true_a school_n where_o be_v teach_v not_o only_o humane_a learning_n and_o the_o curious_a science_n but_o the_o christian_a morality_n and_o perfection_n which_o be_v teach_v not_o so_o much_o by_o read_v as_o by_o prayer_n and_o real_a practice_n by_o the_o live_a example_n of_o the_o brethren_n and_o the_o correction_n of_o superior_n this_o perfection_n of_o monastery_n draw_v to_o they_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o intelligent_a man_n and_o it_o be_v often_o here_o only_o that_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v as_o be_v fit_a
as_o courage_n resolution_n and_o patience_n for_o the_o mind_n they_o shall_v soon_o be_v exercise_v in_o think_v coherent_o and_o reason_v solid_o upon_o the_o most_o ordinary_a subject_n which_o be_v of_o use_n to_o they_o teach_v they_o what_o be_v most_o essential_a in_o logic_n without_o choke_v they_o with_o great_a word_n which_o may_v only_o fill_v they_o with_o vanity_n for_o the_o body_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o exercise_n proper_a for_o they_o but_o walk_v but_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o health_n which_o i_o have_v give_v appertain_v unto_o they_o and_o indeed_o they_o have_v the_o most_o need_n of_o they_o since_o they_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o indulge_v themselves_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o to_o draw_v respect_n from_o their_o distemper_n and_o weakness_n the_o health_n and_o vigour_n of_o woman_n concern_v all_o the_o world_n see_v they_o be_v mother_n of_o boy_n as_o well_o as_o girl_n it_o will_v be_v well_o also_o for_o they_o to_o know_v the_o most_o easy_a 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