Bishop who together with the Congregation falling down and making Confession on their behalf raised them up and laid his hands upon them and they departed with the Catechumens 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Such as stayed with the Congregation and joined in Prayer and Singing but not in the Sacrament Yet they were afterward Advanced to be 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Faithful Communicants who had been Baptized Confirmed and admitted to the Lord's Supper having approved themselves by the long train of a stricct and pious Life Mahometan Only Men for they permit not Women to enter the Mosques lest they should distract Men from their Devotion And besides They do not believe that Women go to Heaven and hardly account them rational Creatures Yet in some Mosques they have Apartments by themselves with a kind of Pannels of Plaister as high as the Cieling with holes through M. de Thevenot Every Busurman is bound to resort to Prayers five times daily except he have some lawful impediment and if not yet at one to be well washed to which purpose they have innumerable Bathes in Turkey Purchas Only the chief sort on the Week-days the Poor being excused not so on Fridays Id. The Women enter not the Mosques but on Fridays at Nine a Clock or at Easter and then in a Terass apart where they may see and not be seen except the Wives and Mothers of the Chief of the place They abide there 'till Mid-night continually Praying with strange Motions and strong Cries Idem Ancient Heathen Let not a Woman enter into the publick Temples who hath been caught with an Adulterer Demosth Orat. contra Neeram Hither likewise may be referred the Remark made before viz. That all Irreligious and Prophane Persons were driven away with a Procul este profani c. Modern Heathen Among the Modern Heathens though it be difficult to give a particular Account because of their multitude and variety yet it is easie to conclude That their Assemblies are made up of their respective Priests and Officers and People In Mexico and Peru are Priests Officers Boys and Virgins trained up for the Service of the Temple and living upon the Revenues of the Temple and these in some places many in number together with the common People Purchas out of Acosta c. Amongst these some are under Instruction some Penitents some Confessors Men and Women Confessors c. Idem Diabolical The Witches Tried at Salem in New-England 1692. affirmed That they form themselves into Assemblies much after the manner of the Congregational Churches consisting of Officers and People c. Cotton Mather 12. Times of Worship 1. Weekly or Monthly Jewish 1. THE Sabbath or Seventh-Day It began at Six a Clock the Night before Observe 1. The Preparation which began at Three a Clock in the Afternoon called the Sabbath-Eve by the Evangelists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Ancient Fathers Coena pura It was proclaimed formerly by Trumpets of late by Sextons On this Day it was unlawful 1. To go above a quarter of a Days Journey three Parsath whereof Ten make a Days Journey 2. For Judges to sit on Causes upon Life and Death 3. For Tradesmen to work Except Shoomaker Except Taylers Except Scribes And they only half the Day The Wealthiest did help to forward Business 2. The Sanctification Herein they were so Superstitious that 1. Some Jews at Tiberias began the Sabbath sooner because dwelling in a Valley the Sun appeared not so soon to them as to others Others at Tsepphore a City upon a Mount kept the Sabbath longer because the Sun continued longer 2. They would dress no Meat on this Day 3. Nor Kindle any Fire 4. Nor roast an Apple chop an Herb climbe a Tree resist an Enemy and on this account became a Prey to their Enemies in the times of Antiochus and Pompey 2. Mondays in remembrance of Moses's returning from Mount Sinai Thursdays in remembrance of his going up to the Mount for the Law 3. New Moons the first Day of every Month commonly On this Day they 1. Heard the Word 2 Kings 4 23. 2. Abstained from Merchandise 3. Offered Sacrifices Numb 28.11 Christian 1. Saturday the Jewish Sabbath was in great Veneration especially in the Eastern parts honoured with all the publick Solemnity of Religion out of compliance with the Jews who were loath to part with it On this Day were publick Prayers reading the Scriptures celebration of the Sacraments Vid. Athan Hom. de Sement Idem Hist. Eccle. l. 6. c. 8. Fasts were prohibited on this Day Ordinary Works allowed yet so as might consist with their publick Worship for the Lord's Day was still preferred before it V. Athan. Hom. de Sem. Synod Laod. can 29. But in the West it was kept as a Fast yet at Milan as a Festival for St. Ambrose dined on no other Days in the Week but Saturday and Sunday Yet at Rome out of compliance with the Custom there Fasted as they did Aug. ad Janu. Ep. 118. Probably the reason of keeping this Day East was the Opinion which the Ancients had viz. That the Apostles Fasted on Friday and Saturday The Council of Illiberis Ordained That the Saturday-Festival was an Error Can. 39. which ought to be corrected and kept as a Fast 2. Sunday so called by Justin Martyr and Tertullian and in the Imperial Edicts of the first Christian Emperors Afterwards the LORD's Day 1. On this Day they stood at Prayers to put them in mind of Christ's Resurrection from the Grave and their own from Sin V. Justin M. Tertul. ex Ireneo The Council of Nice required a constant Uniformity in it 2. They deposited somewhat for the use of the Poor 3. All of us that live in City or Country meet together in one place Just M. Three Days absence from Church was punished with Suspension from Communion Con. Ill. Separate Assemblies Anathematized V. Conc. Gang. can 4.5 Conc. Antioch c. 5. 4. In times of Persecution they met before Day Plin. Ep. ad Traj They had Nocturnal Convocations Tertul. ad Vx Christians therefore called in scorn a Skulking Generation Min. F. 5. Kept in with great Expressions of Joy Fasting accounted unlawful Tertul. de Coron Constantine and Theodosius M. Jun. c. Forbad Courts of Judicature Suits at Law demanding Debts all publick Shews pleasures of all Sights opening of the Theatres his own Birth-Day or Inauguration on the Lord's Day 2. Wednesday and Friday Vid. postea Mahometan Friday the mahometan-Mahometan-Sabbath because on that Day Mahomet was Proclaimed King or Emperor and solemnly so Created and withal to distinguish his Fellowers from the Jews and Christians They call this Sabbath of theirs Glumaagun Others say Mahomet was born on this Day Ancient Heathen The Ancient Heathens Greeks and Romans had no Weeks but divided their Months into 3 parts the Greeks into so many Decads the Romans into Kalends Nones and Ides The Kalends of every Month were dedicated to Juno On the Kalends of every
three 3. The Company between ten and twenty meeting together and roasting it 4. Blessing the Cup and Bread 5. Dividing among the Guests 6. Eating it with 1. bitter Herbs and those Herbs 2. dipt in Sauce and all 3. without Leaven using also 4. in the posture of Travellers standing first afterwards lying or leaning 7. To a Child asking what means this Service Answering at large by way of Declaration or Annunciation Vid. Exod. 12.26 Also Godw. Antiq. 8. Washing the Feet of the Guests 9. Sprinkling the Door-posts wich the Blood 10. Eating all the Lamb breaking no Bones 11. On the Second Day Offering a sheaf of the First-Fruits of Harvest Lev. 23.10 for 'till then they might not reap 1. The Lamb was killed in the Court of the Temple 2. Was eaten in their own Houses in Jerusalem 3. The First and Last Days were Holy Convocations 4. Only the Circumcised might eat Ancient Christion and Muscovite 1. Principal 1. Easter wherein Observe 1. The Antiquity From the first Ages The Muscovites keep it now and call it Wellikoiden 2. The Time of keeping it 1. The Asiatic Churches on the first day of the first Month which always began with the Appearance of the Moon mostly answering to our March the Day of the Jewish Passover Thus did the Churches of Asia the less called Quartodecimans because they kept Easter on the 14th day after the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Moon Pleading the Example of the Apostles particularly S. John Polycarp c. Polycrates pleaded the Example of S. Philip. 2. The Western Churches on the Lord's Day following the Jewish Passeover Pleading likewise Apostolical Tradition The Procedure of the Controversie this 1. The Bishop of Rome would impose their Custom on the East 2. Polycarp comes to Rome to confer with Anicetus about it who agreed not yet part fairly 3. Pope Victor renewed the Quarrel threatening to Excommunicate the Eastern Churches 4. Irenaeus and others of his Party reproved the Pope for it 5. The Asian Churches went on 'till Constantine Summoning the Council of Nice which Ordained That it should be kept universally on the Lord's Day 3. The Preparation The Eve or Vigils of Easter was kept with Pomp Watchings multitudes of lighted Torches in Churches and private Houses so as to turn Night into Day as a Fore-runner of that Great Light The Sun of Righteousness Nazianz. 4. The Celebration of the Day it self It was spent in Works of Mercy and Charity to the Poor Constantine used to arise early this Day to bestow rich Gifts all over his Empire His Successors released Prisoners c. It was called The Holy and Famous Passeover Queen of Days Festival of Festivals Naz. Mar. 25. Blagauescenia Priziste bogorodice or the Annunciation of our Lady a Feast of the Muscovites D. of Holst Emb. Trav. Mahometan Persian-Azar Thirty One Days N. The Turkish Year consists of 354 Days divided into 12 Months Their several Months begin at the several Moons The Turks have their Easter too which they call Biram Vid. postea The Feast of Neurous i.e. New-years-day is kept in March when the Sun enters Aries so at Azmer in the East-Indies with Ornaments in the Palace much Pomp a Fair in the Seraglio by Ladies of the Court Feasting Dancing of Quinchenies Women and Maids of a Caste of that Name having no other Profession but Dancing Presents from and to the King M. de Thev Turk's Chaabanai Twenty Nine Days My Author accounts this also as a Feast of the Heathens in the E. Indies And so also in Persia say others who call it Nauras Ancient Heathen Mar. 27. Quinquatria Minervas Birth-Day Now the Salary Minerval was paid to the Masters It lasted 5 Days On the last Day Mar. 23. was the Tubilustrum a Lustration of the Sacred Trumpets 25. Hilaria Matris Deûm festa 28. Megalesia Modern Heathen The Chinese keep their New-Years-Day in March every Man striving to exceed others in the Fancy of their Pageants and adorning their Doors with Paper-Arches and Images all Night with Lanthorns and Lights Sin Th. Herb. Neurous New-Years-Day a Feast in the East-Indies M. de Thev In Tunquin every beginning of the Year they celebrate the Memory of those who in their life-time have done any noble Action reckoning in that number those that have been so hardy as to Rebel against their Princes and this with a very great Solemnity Tavernier When the Moon is at the full in March the Indian Idolaters keep a Solemn Festival for their Idol which is in form of a Serpent for nine days every Morning worshipping the Idol and the Maids dancing about it for an hour to the noise of Flutes and Drums after which they eat and drink and are merry till the Evening when they worship and dance about their Idol again M. Tavernier 2. In Ijar April and May. Jewish 10. A Fast Eli the High-Priest dies with both his Sons the Ark is taken Scaliger 23d Day of Ijar was ordained a Festival for the expiation of the Tower of Jerusalem by Simon Mac. 1 Mac. 13. Simon takes Gaza Scal. 28. A Fast Samuel the Prophet dieth and is lamented by all the People Scal. Ancient Christian Apr. 10. palm-Palm-Sunday which the Muscovites celebrate with a Procession to represent out Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem Thus it was A. C. 1636. 1. The great Duke and Patriarch set out first 2. Many Priests followed in Copes and Surplices with Crosses Banners and Images upon long Poles some singing others casting Incense among the People 3. Goses the Duke's Merchants Clerks Secretaries Nobility and Gentry with Palms in their Hands c. 4. The great Duke with his Crown on his Head Supported by the Two Principal Counsellors of State led the Patriarch's Horse covered with Cloth and made to represent an Ass 5. The Patriarch rode upon him being himself attired with a round white Cap on his head of Sattin beset with rich Pearls and about it a very rich Crown a Cross of Diamonds in his right hand wherewith he bless'd the People who received his Benediction with bowing of their heads and making Crosses 6. About fifty little Boys most clad in red put off their Cassocks and scattered them along the way Others had pieces of Colth about an Ell square of all Colours which they laid on the ground for the Great Duke and Patriarch to pass over This is the same all over Muscovy D. of Holst Ambassador's Travels Apr. 17. was their Easter-Day 1636. Celebrated 1. With selling and sending Eggs of all colours to one another 2. Killing each other at Meeting with these words Christos wos Chrest i.e. Christ is risen the Answer is Wosten wos Chrest i.e. He is Risen indeed 3. Devotions at Church 4. Feasting Drunkenness c. Id. See afterwards under the Title of the Feasts of the Greck Church Wasnescenia Christova Ascension-Day a Feast of the Muscovites also Mahometan Persian Onzon Thirty Days This Month is called Ramadan as being the Month of Lent which they
Nature they wash their Hands c. To this end they have commonly near the Mosques Baths for the Gousl and Fountains for the Abdest The manner thus 1. They look toward Mecha and wash the Hands three times 2. The Mouth and Teeth three times 3. The Nose three times 4. The Face three times 5. The Arms to the Elbow 6. The Head rub'd from the Brow to the Poll. 7. The Ears within and without 8. The Feet three times In washing they are to say Bismillah i. e. in the Name of the Great God and praise to God the God of the Mussulman Faith M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen 1. Men were thus purged after they had touched a dead Body or entred into an unclean Place before admitted to the Altar They sprinkled their Head with a wet Olive or Laurel dipt in Water and Salt and made prayers to the God Spargit ipse suos Lauro rorante Capillos Incipit solita fundere voce preces Ovid. l. 5. Sometimes they used Sulphur and Fire made of Pine-wood to perfume the Person Place or Vessel c. When any sacrificed for his own purgation after a wickedness committed a Pig was slain and his Hands washed in the Blood In these Lustrations they used 1. A Trine Aspersion 2. Looking towards the East 2. Fields of Fruit when purged the Hostia was carried three times about the Field Terque novas circum foelix eat Hostia fruges Virg. l. 6. 3. Sacrifices were washed with Water and Salt Modern Heathen An incredible concourse of People come from all parts of the Indies in Pilgrimage to Chrysobacra in the Province of Halabras to visit the Pagods kept there very carefully but before they approach that place which they look upon to be holy they throw themselves stark naked into the River Ganges to be purified supposing that Adam and Eve were created there M. de Thevenot Trav. l. 3. c. 39. This in order to prepare themselves for some Feasts ibid. In the Province of Telinga the Idolaters use frequent washings Men Women and Children go to the river as soon as they are out of Bed the Rich have water brought to them When Women lose their Husbands they are brought thither by their Friends and they who are brought to Bed use the same custom as soon almost as they are delivered idem When they are come out of the water a Bramen dawbs their Forehead with a composition of Saffron and white Saunders They must never eat unless they be washed The Bannyans wash oft to purifie themselves from sin Sir Tho. Herbert At Tanasseri also sometimes 100000 Indians go naked into Ganges and bowing their Bodies with their Hands throw the water aloft as an offering to the Sun Sir Tho. Herbert Diabolical The Witches at their meetings use to anoint themselves with Oyl which the Devil brings them 5. Teaching Instruction c. Jewish MOSES hath of old such as preach him being read in their Synagogues every Sabbath day Act. 15.26 Esdras appointed that the people should meet three times in the Week to be taught the Law viz. the Sabbath Mondays and Thursdays and three days the rather say some because in the Desart of Sur the people wandred three days without water i. e. say they without the Law Ancient Christian Justin Martyr saith that the word was read and preached for the space of an hour every Sabbath day at one meeting Apolog. Tertullian saith there was not any holy meeting wherein they were not fed with Divine Sermons and if the Pastor were sick or necessarily hindred the Deacon read a Homily Mayer Ch. Cat. 1. The Primitive Christians at their Assemblies read the Scripture St. Clements's Epistle to the Corinthians Hermas's Pastor the Writings of St. Ephrem c. The Quantum Arbitrary according to their opportunity c. 2. Upon the Scripture read before the President of the Assembly with the Presbyters gave expositions and exhortations to the people Then after the Gospel read let the Presbyters one by one exhort the people not all at once and after all the Bishop as is fit for the Master to do Const App. Greg. Nyssen excuseth his brevity because of the discourses made before They had moreover Sermons in the Afternoon Chysostom in a Homily on this very subject 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hom. 10. ad Pop. Antioch commends them that came to Church after Dinner in greater numbers to hear the Divine Laws St. Basil St. Augustine c. frequently refer to those Sermons which they had preached in the Mornings In Antioch it was usual for a good part of the year to have Sermons every day Chrysost Origen every day and as it were extempore made Sermons to the People Casaubon His Sermons were lively but short seldom exceeding an hour J. H. in the Life of Orig. The Abyssins have neither Preaching nor Hymns but only Liturgies and Homilies and several Portions of Scripture read Ludolph Yet for the younger sort they have Catechizing Idem The Muscovites no not their Monks and Priests cannot give any reason of their belief because they have not the word of God preached unto them And therefore the Patriarch suffers them not to dispute of Religion nor enquire into that of Forreigners D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Those who are to profess the Muscovite Religion are sent for six weeks into a Monastery where the Monks Instruct them and teach them their Prayers the manner of Honouring the Saints of doing reverence to the Images and making the signs of the Cross Idem The Protopope of Morum with others were deposed and Banish'd for offering to preach Mahometan Mahometans when they teach publickly hold a drawn Sword in their hand Mutewakelus a Mahomet Emperour Prayed and Preached before the People Muhtadis Billa sate Preaching to the people every Monday and Thursday having a Book always before him Hotting ex Elmas On Friday nine a Clock the Imam preacheth in a pulpit two hours together either declaring the Miracles of Mahomet or exalting the Faith of the Mahomcians or rehearsing fabulous Tales to terrify the bad or inveighing against the Blasphemers of Mahomet Christ and the Saints exhorting to Alms saying over the Commandments of the Law Sa. Purchas Ancient Heathen A great number of youths assemble to the Druids for the Cause of Discipline who are in great honour with them Caes de bel Gal. being moved by such rewards viz. privileges of the Druids and of their own accord many come together into this Discipline and are sent by their Neighbours and Parents there they are said to learn a certain number of Verses Some stay twenty years in the Discipline Idem The Antient Theologues amongst the Egyptians instructed their Scholars in like manner Towerson Modern Heathen In Madagascar I saw one who was certainly their Priest getting up a Tree and speaking to the people for above half an hour but not one of us understanding their Language I know not what discourse he made to them nor yet what
the People wanted Water in the Desart Some on the 10th of April for the death of Eli and his two Sons and the loss of the Ark. Some also on the 18th for the death of Samuel But the Only Fast that God commanded them was that upon the Day of Expiation The manner of keeping their Fasts is 1. By abstaining from all Meats and Drinks till the Stars appear 2. Reading no passages in the Bible but such as are mournful as the Destruction of Jerusalem Jeremiah's Lamentations c. Rosse Ancient Christian Lent Quadragesima so called either because at first it lasted forty hours viz. from 12 of the Clock on Friday till easter-Easter-Sunday morning or because afterwards it was extended to forty days at last to 3 6 7 weeks It was observed in the First Century It was kept especially the last week of it with great stictness mortifications all Process and Inquiry into criminal Actions and Corporal Punishments suspended Acts of Prayer Abstinence c. In other parts of Lent they fasted till the Evening in the last week till Midnight or Cock-crowing vid. Zonar in Synod Tom. 2. part 1. p. 1. The last week called Hebdomada Magna on which they Fasted Watched did Alms suspended Suits at Law shut the Tribunal Doors set Prisoners free Dr. Cave The Sinner when he began to mislike himself i. e. to be penitent for his wicked life for that he had offended God and his Church came first unto the Bishop and Priests as unto the Mouths of the Church and opened to them the whole burden of his Heart afterward he was by them brought into the Congregation and there made the same confession before his Brethren and further was appointed to make satisfaction by open Penance which Penance being duly and humbly done he was restored again openly unto the Church by laying on of Hands of the Priests and Elders Bish Jewel out of Beatus Rhenanus Fasts on Wednesdays and Fridays Jejunia Quartae sextae Feriae stationes because they kept close to them as to their Guard celebrated with reading and expounding Sripture Divine Service Sacraments and fasting till three a Clock in remembrance of Christ Betrayed and Crucified Mahometan Ramazan is the name of the Mahometans Lent which continues thirty days during which they eat nothing in the day-time but when night comes all Meats are indifferent but Swines-flesh yet they abstain from Wine and Women The last day of Lent they consecrate as a day of Mourning to the memory of their deceased Friends when many of the meaner sort seem to make a most bitter lamentation and then at night they fire an innumerable company of Lamps and other Lights and when burnt out the Lent is ended The day after their Ramjam the most devout assemble at their Mosquits and hear some parts of the Alcoran Ancient Heathen 1. The Galli were such Priests as gelded themselves 2. At Hierapolis the Pilgrims were to sacrifice a Sheep to kneel and pray upon the Fleece to lay the Head and Feet of the Sheep upon their Heads to crown themselves to drink cold water only and sleep on the ground till their return Rosse 3. The Hierophantae among the Athenians were such Priests as castrated themselves with the drinking of Hemlock that they might live more chast in their Office Text. Offic. 4. The Priests of the Egyptians were sparing in their Victuals to a wonder abstaining from Flesh and Wine and seldom eating Bread lest they should overcharge their Stomachs only Oyl and Sallad-herbs were their common food not so much as tasting Eggs or Milk enduring sometimes a three days fast Idem 5. The Persian Magi used no other food than Meal and Herbs Id. 6. The Indian Gymnosophists fed upon Apples or Flour Id. Apollonius Tyaneus abstained from Bread and Flesh Archimolus and Moschus Sophisters of Aeli drank Water and ate nothing but Figs all their life Id. On the Festivals called Nephalia the Ancient Greeks abstained from Wine whence they gave them their name Diamastigosis See the Second Part. Modern Heathen An Indian Faquir intending to invent a new Spell of Devotion resolved to measure with his Body the whole extent of the Mogul's Empire from Bengala as far as Caboul i. e. from S. E. to N. W. The Pretext for so doing was that being present at the Feast of Houly he had a kind of Novices to wait upon him and serve him At the beginning of his journey he laid himself out at full length on the ground upon his Belly and marking it and so rising up again to walk it and so down and up again continually This was performed punctually and he made a Cosse and half a day i. e. three quarters of a League so that at the years end he was got no farther than the utmost bounds of the Province of Halibas but was loaded with Charity all the way M. de Theven In the Pagod Chitanagar on each side of the Wall is a square hole and in the middle of the thickness of it a long Iron Screw entring perpendicularly into the Wall like a Bar The Irons served to fasten Ropes to for supporting those who performed voluntary Penance for seven days Idem The Bramins shun Pleasure drink Water Sir Tho. Herbert The Gentiles in the East-Indies are great Fasters and none of them let a Fortnight pass without it and then they fast 24 hours A great many of them will fast six or seven days and they say there are some that will fast a whole Month without eating any more than a handful of Rice a day and others that will eat nothing at all only drink Water in which the Root Criata◠hath been boyled When a Woman is at the end of one of these long Fasts the Bramen goes with his Companions to the House of the Penitent and beats a Drum and permits her to eat and return home M. de Thev l. 3. p. 82. Diabolical While I was thus requesting God Edward Kelly made a Vow of Penance during his Life never to eat his Supper or Evening-Meal on Satdr days Dr. Dee's Act. with Sp. p. 334. The Witches in New-England kept Fasting-Days 8. Feasting c. Jewish FEASTS Two-fold 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon the Remainder of a Sacrifice 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Compotatio c. Concerning which observe 1. The Preparation They Saluted Kissed washed the Guests Feet by a Servant anointed the Head and Feet 2. Carriage at Table 1. The Master consecrates a Cup of Wine thus Blessed be Thou O Lord our God the King of the World which createst the Fruit of the Vine 2. He tasts the Cup and passeth it about the Table 3. Breaks the Bread and holding it in both hands blesseth it thus Blessed be Thou O Lord our God the King of the World which bringest forth Bread out of the Earth Thus on Festivals at other times they blessed the Bread alone 4. After eating and good Discourse the Master or some Guest began thus Let us bless
Profess Baptize and apply the Holy Oils as well as any Bishop or Arch-Bishop l. 3. c. 9. p. 124. Mengrelians They are so Ignorant that they know not so much as the Words necessary to Baptism They administer Baptism in the same manner as the Georgians Sometimes to render the Baptism more solemn they baptize with Wine A M. S. Relation attributed to Father Zampi a Theatin tells us the manner is thus 1. When a Child is first born the Priest only anoints it with Oil and signs it on the Fore-head with a Cross and no more is done for two Years 2. Then they dip it in hot Water and anoint it all over and give it Bread that hath been blessed to eat and Wine to drink This seems to be the old way of administring Baptism Confirmation and Eucharist together F. Simon Two or three days after the Woman is brought to Bed the Priest comes mumbles over a few Prayers and anoints the Mother and the Infant which they believe to be the best Baptism in the World Tavernier l. 3. c. 10. Indians of St. Thomas They own but three Sacraments viz. Baptism Orders and Eucharist In one Church were different Forms of Baptism A great many especially the Poor and in Words are never Baptized vs wanting Money yet these go to Church and receive the Sacrament After Baptism they anoint with an Unguent made of Indian-Nuts without Benediction F. Simon They Baptize commonly at the Fortieth Day if the Parent desire it not sooner They sign the Fore-head with the sign of the Cross and then wash all over with Water Sir Tho. Herbert Christians of St. John They Baptize only in Rivers and upon Sundays their way thus 1. They carry the Infant to Church 2. The Bishop reads Prayers over the Child 3. They carry it to the River with a Train of Men and Women go up to the Knees in Water the Bishop prays sprinkles the Infant three times in the Name of the Lord first and last of the World c. Tavern Maronites At Baptism they bless the Water by saying a great many Prayers warm it and then dip or sprinkle three times Also they anoint the Head Breast and whole Body from Head to Foot before Baptism Also afterward they have another Unction for Confirmation F. Simon Armenians I found in one of their Churches only the Priest and his Cloak an aged Woman who had brought the Child and a young Man aged about 18 who presented the Child to be Baptized 1. The Priest prayed 2. Askt the God-father several Questions 3. All went into the Sacresty where the Font was like a Trough half an Ell long and a quarter broad 4. The Priest consecrates the Water and puts holy Oil into it and plunges the Child naked into it In the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 5. Pours Water three times on his head and afterwards all over his Body 6. He crossed the Child on the Fore-head with Holy Oil. 7. The time of Baptism is at 8 days old D. of H. Ambass Cophties They acknowledge Seven Sacraments 1. Baptism thus Administred about the 40th Day 1. A Mass is celebrated after Mid-night with many Prayers 2. They Sing for some time the Deacon carrying the Children to the Altar to anoint them with Holy Oil then they say The Children are new Spiritual Men. 3. Then they begin to Sing and the Children are anointed a second time with the sign of the Cross thirty seven times which serves for Exorcisin 4. They continue to Sing the Women making a loud noise in token of Joy 5. The Priest draws nigh the Font blesseth the Water pours Oil into it in the form of a Cross 6. With one hand he takes the Child by the right Arm and left Leg and with the other hand by the left Arm making a kind of a Cross with the Limbs of the Child which they cloath in a little white Garment All this while the Priest's reading and singing and the Women crying or howling 7. The Priest breaths three times in the Child's Face that he may receive the Holy Ghost 8. He gives it the Communion by dipping his Finger in the Chalice and putting it in the Child's mouth 9. They light Tapers and make a Procession and sing in the Church 10. The Deacons carrying the Children in their Arms the Priests going before and the Women following with cries and howling N. They use Circumcision also They baptize themselves every Year in Lakes and Rivers F. Simon Abassines They use Circumcision as well as Baptism but not with any signal Ceremony or Commemoration for it is done privately by some poor Woman without any by-standers not so much as the Father himself and this not upon the score of Religion but as a custom of the Country like Incisions of the Face in Ethiopia and Nubia and boaring the Ears among the Indians Ludolph out of Claudius K. of Ethiop Confession They repeat the Ceremony of Baptism every Year upon the Feast of the Epiphany Idem ex Godigno Their Ceremonies and Order of Baptizing are thus out of Ludolph 1. Of Adult Persons For they have frequent occasions of Baptizing Heathens 1. They read Psalm 52. 2. Perfume the Person with Frankincense and enquire his Name 3. Use certain Prayers the Deacon often exhorting the People to joyn with the Priest 4. Anoints several parts of the Body with Oil and lays his hand on his head 5. The Neophytes lifting up their right hand and looking towards the West abjure Satan as the Prince of Darkness and then lifting up their hand to the East make a kind of Vow to Christ 6. To the Priest reciting over the Creed they answer I do believe 7. They are again anointed and several parcels of Scripture read 8. Oil being poured into the Bason in the form of a Cross after some Prayers rehearsed the Neophytes conducted by the Deacon to a Pool before the Church-door are by the Priest plung'd over head and ears saying I Baptize thee in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 9. Men help the Men and Women Women out of the Pool called thence Susceptores 10. Being anointed again they are clad with a white Under-garment and a red Over-garment to signifie the Blood of Christ and presented with Milk and Honey and call'd Sons of Baptism 2. Of Infants who are Baptiz'd Males before the Fortieth Females before the Eightieth Day God-fathers and God-mothers answering for them and the Child's Tongue moistned with the Priest's Finger dipt in the Chalice Russians Muscovites 1. They Communicate but once a Year commonly on a Fasting-Day If on a Sunday they eat no Flesh after it 2. They admit but Three at a time 3. The Priest asks the Communicants If they be clean from Sin 4. The Communicants stand whilest the Priest prays with their Arms folded one within another and the Priest delivers to them a Spoonful of Bread and Wine temper'd together saying Eat this Drink this This is the true Body
sometimes a whole day sometimes longer as the Crime is In that Posture he desires the Cazi to Purifie him The Priest answers the Dog must Purifie him not he After which he pours the Water seven times on his Head then gives him a Draught to drink and so he is absolved Afterwards he Feasts all his Friends at the Cazi's House But the Women and Maids are shrifted by the Cazi's Wife M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. Zeal Jews BRethren saith St. Paul my hearts desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they might be Saved for I bear them record that they have a Zeal of God but not according to Knowledge Rom. 10.2 And the Apostle himself was a Zealot of the same kind before his Conversion Concerning Zeal persecuting the Church of God And the Sect he belonged to was notoriously guilty that way none warmer in the blind Pursuit of Religion than the Pharisees And yet we may trace the same fiery Humour conveyed down to following Ages and Generations witness their perpetual Hatred and Persecution of the Christian Church their obstinate Adherence to their Devotions in the Siege of Jerusalem their Zealous Attempts to return to the Holy Land and re-build the Holy City c. and this all in spight of Miracles and Judgments enough to convince them of their Folly if they were not absolutely blind and hardened Scaliger tells us of an Order of Men among them called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mourners that once a year on the ninth day of Ab were allowed entrance into Jerusalem by Adrian's Edict which as Benjamin an Hebrew Author relates give Tithes of all which they possess to the Wise Men always sitting in the School and to the humbled Israelites which lament Sion and bewail Jerusalem These dwell in Caves or ruined Houses Fasting all the days of their Life except on the Sabbaths and Festivals beseeching Mercy continually at the Hands of God Christians The Martyrs at Thebais multitudes having been executed every day with all imaginable Cruelties Sentence was no sooner passed against one Party but others came presented themselves before the Tribunal confessing themselves Christians and received the Sentence with Joy Dr. Cave When Servetus condemned Zuinglius for his Rashness his answer was In aliis mansuetus ero in Blasphemiis in Christum non ita Samodies Here the Priest who is the eldest of the Family or Tribe in Divine Service instead of Singing Howls till he fall down as one dead rising again orders a Sacrifice of five Deer then thrusts a Sword half way into his Belly with several other Illusions and Tricks of Sorcery Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Mexicans The Town of Mexico was great and had thirteen Temples in each of which were many Idols of Stone of diverse Fashions before whom they Sacrificed Men Doves Quails and other things with great Perfumes and Veneration Some years they Sacrificed as was thought fifty thousand Men. S. Purchas Mahometans The Turks are very Zealous for their Religion which they endeavour to propagate all over the World M. de Thevenot The Asian Turks are greater Zealots I knew at Smyrna a Reverend Preacher amongst them who had many Pupils who was so great a lover of his own Sect that he hated all Mankind beside and stuffed his Sermons with Invectives against Christians till at last chidden by the Officers of the City Yet his Pride hardly abated for when on his Mule's back with his Followers on foot he made all Western Christians whom he met with accidentally to alight and attend whilst so Holy a Man passed by P. Ricaut Esq in his Present State of the Greek Church Heathens In Mexico they burnt Incense before their Idols every Morning Noon-tide Evening and at Midnight and this with much Reverence and then they beat themselves and drew Blood with sharp Bodkins Rosse In Jucatan in their Idolatrous Processions they wound themselves and offer themselves cheerfully for Sacrifices Idem Tunquinese It is a thing almost incredible what a vast number of Sacrifices the King sends to the Temples of his false Gods at his Inauguration to be there offered to the Idols The number of Beasts is said to exceed an 100000 besides the value of a Million in Panes of Gold Tissues and Silks to adorn the Idols and Orange-coloured Calicuts for the Bonzes and those that attend the Service of the Pagods and a vast number of pieces of blue Calicuts for the Poor that are kept in the Pagods Tavernier 's Collection of several Relations c. Moderation Jews A Moderation in reference to the Ceremonial Law especially when the Moral came into Competition with it and sometimes even in reference to the Judicial seems frequently in Scripture permitted and practised Circumcision sometimes neglected and the Passover and Sacrifices c. the Shew-bread eaten by others than Priests and an immoderate Zeal for Oblations New Moons and Sabbaths sharply reproved when the weightier things of the Law were neglected Vid. Psal 50. Isa 1. Hos 6.6 I desired Mercy and not Sacrifice c. Mie 6.6 7 8. As if the Almighty were about to retract those very Ceremonies which himself had instituted when he saw the People dote so fondly upon them as to forget or not duly mind the more solid and substantial parts of Religion Christians When I come to Rome I Fast on the Sabbath when I am here I do not Fast So St. Ambrose at Milan tells St. Augustine which Judgment of Ambrose Austine saith he look'd on as a Heavenly Oracle viz. To whatever Church you come observe the Custom of that Church if you would avoid giving Offence to others and taking it from others Dr. Stillingfleet The Non-observance of indifferent things commanded when there is no apparent Contempt or Scandal does not involve a Man into the Guilt of Sin for the ground of the Magistrates Command is only in point of Contempt and Scandal and for preserving Order in the Church for to command or obey in reference to these things from any Opinion of the necessity of them and therefore the only ground of observing them is to shew that we are not guilty of the Power commanding or of Scandal to others Idem Tota igitur religio ect in fugiendo scandalo vitando contemptu Whitaker Contr. 4. qu. 7 c. 2. They do not bind if Contempt and Scandal be removed P. Martyr de leg Eccl. Hooper who had raised a Difference about Garments writ twice to Ridley about the time of his Persecution and Imprisonment who writ him an answer as soon as he could convey it in which he declared how intirely he was knit to him though in some Circumstances of Religion they had formerly jarr'd a little It was Hooper's Wisdom and his own Simplicity that had divided them every one following the abundance of his own Sense But now he assured him that in the Bowels of Christ he loved him in the Truth and for the Truth Dr. Burnet 's History of the Reform c. The Popish
taxed as a Felon for coyning of Money c. 7. Ordination of Church-Officers Jewish 1. PRiests were thus consecrated 1. They must put their Garments on 2. Be presented unto the Lord at the door of the Tabernacle 3. Wash'd with Water 4. Offer up certain Sacrifices whereof some pieces were put into the Priests hands 5. The tip of the right Ear the Thumb of the right Hand the great Toe of the right Foot were to be sprinkled all with the Blood of a Ram. 6. Anointed The High-Priest with a costly Chrism poured on him The second Priests only with this Oyl mixed with the Blood of the Sacrifice 7. All this before the Congregation 8. They were to stay in the door of the Tabernacle seven days 2. Levites were consecrated by imposition of hands Numb 8.24 The Levites were 1. Initiated at a month old 2. Consecrated at 25. 3. Entered upon the ministration at the age of 30. 4. Continued till 50. Ancient Christian Here observe 1. The persons ordaining viz. 1. Bishops ordained all orders undr Bishops 2. All the Bishops of the province present or consenting ordained the Bishop The Metropolitan confirming him 2. The Approbation of the parsons ordained The People of the place at all Ordinations were 1. Present and 2. Ratifying the Action with their Consent and Approbation it being seldom or never done without their Presence and Suffrage v. Constit Appl. l. 8. c. 4. Cypr. Ep. 68. To this end the Bishop used to propund and publish the Names of them who took Holy Orders before-hand that the people might interpose if they had any thing to object When the Ordination was more remote or private they were then to bring Testimonials 3. Examination They examin'd their fitness enquired severely what had been their course of life from their Youth c. v. pag. 30. 4. The Age of persons to be ordained 1. Bishops were to be 35 at least Photius 〈◊〉 App. Constit l. 2. c. 1. 2. Priests were to be 30 at least Concil Neoc c. 11. Conc. Agd. 3. Deacons were to be 25. 4. Deaconesses 40. 5. The Ceremony of lifting up the Hands which was a Ceremony used at Athens and in some of the State of Greece in Election of Magistrates And amongst the Jews there was 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consecration viz. of Bishops Priests and Deacons 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blessing Hands being laid on them only as in Absolution of Penitents Thus Sub-Deacons c. Readers and Deaconesses were set apart Mahometan 1. The Mufti is chosen by the Sultan 2. The Cadi's or Judges are first examined by the Cadilesquiri or Doctors of Law and if they are found sufficiently qualified in respect of their conversation and skill they are Sworn to do Justice and give Account of their Charge when called to it 3. All the Inferiour Orders of the Priests are chosen by the People Purchas Ancient Heathen The Flamines were created by the People Comitiis Curiatis at their Parish-Meetings or Courts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hesiod Oper. c. p. l. 436. Si hoc in ministro requirit Hesiodus ut Juvenem bobus praeficere noluerit quantò minùs Ecclesiasticis rebus publicis praeficeret In Notis Shaving of the Head was used by the Babylonian Priests as also of the Beard Rosse And the Egyptians Idem Modern Heathen The Tirinaxe's in Ceylon were made by the King The General or Tricon in China is nominated by the King The Superiours and Guardians in the Monasteries are nominated by the Provincial In Pegu the Talipan is carried first about the Streets on Horse-back with Pipes and Drums then upon Men's Shoulders to his House Rosse In Mexico the Priests were all Anointed and were their Hair long for they never cut it Idem Purchas ex Acosta The Monks of China are shaven Diabolical Dr. Dee tells us That in this Method he Consecrated his Son Arthur to the Office of Seeing and Skrying from God and by God's Assignment 1. I brought the Child to the Holy Table being in Order of the Furniture thereto belonging 2. I set before him the Stone in the Frame my first Sanctified Stone 3. And caused him on his Knees to say the Prayer which I made O Almighty Everlasting God have pity on my Father John Dee and on me Arthur Dee Quicken Instruct c. Vid. Dr. Dees's Actions with Spirits A. 1587. Apr. 15. 4. And I also prayed to the Child's hearing other Prayers to God for the purpose in hand 8. Sacerdotal c. Vestments or Distinctions Jewish 1. THE Garments of the High-Priest 1. In his ordinary Ministration 1. Linnen Breeches next his Skin 2. A Linnen Coat over that 3. A Girdle embroidered of Linnen Purple and Scarlet 4. A blue Robe with 72 Bells of Gold and as many Pomegranates purple and blue upon the Skirts 5. A Linnen Ephod wrought with Gold Purple and Scarlet girded with a curious Girdle On the Shoulders two fair Beryll Stones with the Names of the 12 Tribes engraven thereon 6. A Linnen Breast-plate wrought with Gold Purple and Scarlet fastned to the Ephod with Gold Chains On this were 12 Stones with the Names of the 12 Tribes Here also was the Vrim and Thummim 7. A Linnen Miter 16 Cubits wrapt about his Head 8. A Gold Plate tied with a blue Lace to the Front of the Miter whereon was writ Holiness to the Lord. 2. In his Extraordinrry viz. when he entred into the Holy of Holies And then 1. The Linnen Breeches 2. Linnen Girdle 3. Linnen Coat 4. Linnen Miter were all white 2. Inferiour Priests had Breeches Coat Girdle Bonnet all Linnen 3. Singers who were Levites used Linnen Garments Christian Concerning the Garments of the Christian Clergy Authors differ 1. That they wore a white Garment seems plain from 1. S. Hierom. Episcopus Presbyter Diaconus reliquus Ordo Ecclesiasticus in administratione sacrificiorum candidâ Veste procedit B. Jewel 2. S. Chrysost who speaking to the Clergy saith This is your dignity your Garland not that you walk through the Church in white Apparel c. Idem 2. S. Hierom saith They of the Church at Bethlehem used no difference in Apparel S. August to his Clerks Let not your Apparel be notable Pope Câ—lestia I. saith Discernendi sumus à plebe Doctrinâ non veste 3. It was decreed by Pope Eusebius Sacrificium Altaris non in Serico panno aut tincto quisquam celebrare praesumat sed in puro lineo ab Episcopo consecrato Karrauz 4. Diaconi Dalmaticis utantur pallis linostimis Can. 6. Concil Rom. Idem Dalmatica signifies a Coat with Sleeves also a Priest's or Bishop's outward Vest Cope Surplice Dr. Littleton Palla a Pall a short Garment like a Cloak with Sleeves called a Pall-Coat not reaching very low The Papaes or Greek-Priests are always clad in black and wear a black Cap with a List of white Cloth about it and a piece of black Cloth fastned to it within which hangs down
Month Regina Sacrorum the Wife of Rex Sacrorum Sacrificed a Porker or Lamb to Juno Melchiades Pope appointed That none of the Faithful should keep a Fast on Sunday or Thursday because those Days the Pagans celebrated as it were an Holy Fast Carranz Sum. Decr. Melchiad Pa. Modern Heathen 1. In Ceylon Wednesday and Saturday are the chief Days when People that have any business with the Gods come and Address themselves to them i. e. 1. To pray for Health or help in some weighty Matter War c. 2. Or to Swear concerning any weighty Matter in Controversie 2. In Guinea and the East-Indies Tuesday is their Sabbath on which Day they forbear Fishing and Husbandry And the Palm-Wine which they get that Day must not be sold but given to the King who bestows it on his Courtiers to drink at Night 3. The Hindoes or Indians observe thursday as their Sabbath 4. The Bannyans observe a Monday-Sabbath Sir Tho. Herb. 5. In Tunquin the First and Fifteenth Days of the Month are their more especial Holy-Days celebrated with a mighty Chiming of Bells doubled Prayers Sacrifices Tavern In New-Spain every Twentieth Day which was the last of their Month Men were Sacrificed Rosse In Pegu every Monday New Moon is Festival And in Goa every New Moon Diabolical The Witches have their stated Times of Worship Sabbaths Joannes de Vaax Stabulensis Monachus inter alia recitabat indicendae Congregationis ita n. vocabat Statos condictos dies ubi nocte intempestâ ad destinata loca sodalitas comparebat c. Mart. Delr Disq Mag. l. 5. Glanvil saith They commonly meet by night and before their departure the Devil appoints the Time and Place for the next Meeting Some are of Opinion That when the Cock crows the Solemn Meetings of Witches are dissolved and this perhaps grounded upon the crowing of the Cock in the Gospel when Peter denied our Saviour Dr. Casaubon I will visit you at the fourth hour after Dinner said one of the Spirits to Dr. d ee in the close of one of his Actions with them Florimundus de Remundis refert apud Bardigalenses capitulum generale per Sortilegos indici solere diebus Mercurii Veneris Mensis cujuslibet ita enim confessos Sortilegii criminis reos M. Delr Diso Mag. l. 5. 13. Festivals unfixt and contingent Jewish NEW Moons were all of them Festivals among the Jews on which as on the Sabbaths People repaired to the Prophets for Instruction 2 Kings 4.23 Nor was it lawful to buy or sell upon these Days Amos 8.4 Now their New Moons are but half Holy-days for in the Morning they go to their Synagogues the rest of the Day they spend in Eating Drinking and Gaming The Day before they use to Fast when they first see her they utter a Benediction and leap three times towards her wishing their Enemies may come no nearer to hurt them than they are to hurt the Moon Rosse Feast of Dedication Vid. alibi in hoc libro Christian Commemorations of the Martyrs call'd by the Christians Natalitia or Birth-Days Concerning which observe these things 1. The place at the Graves of the Martyrs in their Coemeteria Cryptae or Grots distant from their Church 2. Antiquity Eusebius mentions the Church of Smirna's keeping Polycarp's Festival who died A.C. 268. 3. Strictness In Constantine the Great 's time they were to be kept very strictly by command It was lookt upon as a point of Prophaneness to be absent 4. Manner They were kept with Hymns Sermons Prayers Orations Oblations of Gifts Sobriety Devotion Sighs Tears for this purpose they had set Notaries to take the Acts Sayings and Sufferings of the Martyrs To these add Feasts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Common Banquets to which every one contributed and brought something out of which they gave a share to the Poor 5. Abolition Degenerating into Excess and Prophaned with Markets they were cryed down by the Fathers 6. Time Once a Year on the Day of their Martyrdom For they had Registers kept of the Days of their Passions Dr. Cave Prim. Chri. Here though not very properly I cannot forbear to add That Dr. Brown tells us when he was at Dresden in Misnia Dr. Luther's Holy-day was kept there Br. Travels p. 169. Mahometan Zinez in Turkey the Grand Seigniors Birth-day Antient Heathen 1. The day of Apotheosis or the Consecration when any Illustrious Man was inrolled into the number of Gods 2. Dies Natalitius or Birth-day celebrated antiently by every Persian 3. Encaenia or the Feast of Dedication in use among the Greeks Vid. Gyrald lib. 17. Histor Deorum Modern Heathen 1. The King's Birth-day which is kept at Deyly in tho East-Indies five days with great Pomp at Court the Palace covered all over with Paviolions of rich Stuffs precious Stones Gold Silver deck'd Elephants Presents made to the King Trifles given by him Feasting Bonefires Dances Dice c. The Mogul himself weighed in a Balance c. I was told saith my Author That a Banian of Deyly played so deep at Dice last Festival that he lost all his Money Goods House Wife and Children at last he that won gave back the Wife and Children but no more of the Estate then to the value of an 100000 Crowns M. de Thev See the second Book Frugality 2. The Chinese celebrate their Birth-days very solemnly a fortnights time spending the days in Pastime and the Nights with Feasts Sir Th. Herbert The Gaurs have thirty Holy-days in honour of their Saints which they keep very strictly no Man daring to work Especially their Prophet's Birth-day is celebrated with an extraordinary Pomp and giving of large Alms. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. There is one day in the Year when all the Women of every City and Village meet together to kill all the Frogs they can find in the Fields and this by the command of their Prophet who was one day much annoyed with them Idem When-ever there is an Eclipse of Sun or Moon the Indians break all their Earthen Pots and Dishes in the House which makes a hideous noise together And commonly Multitudes run to the River Ganges to wash themselves throwing Meats and Sweat-meats to the Fish the Bramins attending on them Idem 14. Times of Publick Worship Two Yearly 1. In Nisan March c. Jewish 1. PRincipal 1. The Passover which began Nisan the 14th and ended the 21st Consider 1. The Preparation 1. Taking a Lamb out of the Flock Abib the 10th if Sheep or Goats for each House one The Lamb 1. A Male. 2. Of the first Year 3. Without blemish 2. Cleansing the House and Vessels from Leaven two or three days before 3. Searching after Leaven with a Candle in all the Rooms c. 4. Burning and Cursing the Leaven * ⎠* Note Eating of Leaven in any of the seven days was punished with cutting off from Israel 2. The Celebration 1. Slaying the Lamb in the Evening between one and two a Clock 2. Offering it between two and
Book of the Law put his Statue in the Temple Cessat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Scaliger This Fast of Moses's breaking the two Tables the loss of their daily Sacrifice Setting up Idolatry in the Temple The second Siege of the City on the 17th of Thamuz our June lasts till the 10th of Ab and is kept with a strict Idleness Dr. Addison See more on the fifth day of Ab. They avoid all great Business on these days and School-masters will not beat their Scholars Rosse Ancient Christian Because the Ancient Christians observed so few Holy-days rather than leave this Section quite vacant I shall set down some Remarks and Censures of Eminent Persons made upon the Abuses of Festivals in these latter Ages The Sixth General Council of Constantinople ordained That the whole Week after the Day of our Saviour's Resurrection should be thus Celebrated Christians must go constantly to Church rejoycing in CHRIST with Psalms and Hymns and Spiritual Songs and give their minds to the reading of Divine Scriptures and chearfully enjoy the Holy Mysteries For so saith the Canon we shall rejoyce and rise together with CHRIST But by no means let there be any Horse-Races or Publick Shews on the aforesaid days Conc. Con. 6. Gen. Can. 66. Card. Bellarmine in one of his Sermons delivers himself to this purpose I cannot verily good Hearers explain by Words with how great grief of mind I behold in how perverse and diabolical manner Holy-days are celebrated in this our Age how far perverse Men have obscured and defiled their Picus Institution with their corrupt manners may be understood by this That to Strangers and those who are ignorant what manner of Festivals these are from those things which they may see every where done they may seem to be not the Feasts of God but of the Devil and even the Bacchenalian Revels themselves Yea verily when I Pray are more Sins committed than on Holy-days When are there more Sumptuous Feasts kept When more Lascivious Songs heard When Bowling-Allies and Taverns more frequented When are there more execrable kinds of Plays Scurrilities and Fooleries When are there more Dances in most places to the Sound of the Harp and Lute than on these Days Mahometan Persian-Harizon 30 Days On the Feast of St. John Baptist in Fez they make Bone-fires Rosse July 16. A. C. 622. was the time of Mahomet's Flight and the Hagyra or Epoche of the Mahometans Ancient Heathen Jun. 20. Summani Sact. ad Circ max. 25. Crowned Ships carried Banquets over Tyber Jul. 1. Migrationes ex adibus in alienns aedes Jul. 9. Ancillarum festum Jul. 11. Ludi Apollinares 5. In Ali July and August Jewish 1. A Fast Aaron the High-Priest died Scaliger 5. On the fifth of Ab the Jews sit on the ground read Jeremiah's Lamentations bewail the loss of Jerusalem and for ten days live severely abstaining from all Delights Dr. Addison Ninth day of the fifth Month was a Fast held in respect of the City and Temple burnt first by Nebuchadnezzar secondly by Titus on the same day which the Jews do yet observe with a strict Penance going bare-foot sitting naked on the ground reading some sad History of the Bible and the Lamentations of Jeremiah three times over Sam. Purchas Also it was decreed That the Fathers should not enter into the Land of Judea The same Author out of Scaliger From the first to the tenth Day they abstain from Flesh Wine Shaving Bathing Marrying Pleading and all Delights Ross 18. A Fast The Evening Light was put out in the Days of Ahaz Scal. Ancient Christian The same Cardinal in the procedure of his Discourse goes on Who knows not that Holy-days are after the same manner as Churches Chalices and Priest's Garments Consecrated and Dedicated to GOD and to be spent in no other than Holy Works Which of you if you should see any one enter into the Church with incredible boldness and use the Consecrated Garments instead of Prophane the Temple for a Tavern the Altar for a Table the Corporals or Altar-Clothes for a Table-Cloth or Napkins eating in the Sacred Patines and drinking in the Chailces which of us would not tremble Who would not cry out And now we behold the most Solemn the most Famous the most Sacred Holy-days which should be spent in Prayers Meditations reading holy Things in Hymns and Psalms c. to be prophaned with Sacrilegious Dances Morises Caperings Feastings Drinking Matches Uncleanness Scurrilities and yet no Body trembles no Man is moved no Man wonders O Immortal GOD What part hath Righteousness with Unrighteousness What Fellowship hath Light with Darkness GOD with Belial What hath the merriment of the Flesh to do with the gladness of the Spirit What the Solemnities of GOD with the Feasts of Bacchus and his Crew What! Those Days wherein we ought to please GOD most shall we on them more provoke Him to anger with our wickedness On those days in which the Spirit is to be fed and recreated shall we in them more overwhelm him with Wine and Uncleanness c. What a madness is this What infernal Furies affright us out of our wits Bellarm. Conc. 6.3.19 Mahometan Persian Temouze Thirty one Days Zoulidge 10. Bairam Adgi or little Easter for the Pilgrims of Mecha Ancient Heathen Jul. 25. In this Month red Dogs were Sacrificed to the Canicula Jul. 28. Neptunalia Aug. 1. Boedromia Aug. 13. Dianae Sacr. The Servants Men and Maids Holiday In Elul August September Jewish 17. A Fast The Spies that brought an ill Report upon the Land died 22. Xylophoria On this Day it was the custom for every one to carry Wood to the Temple to maintain the Fire at the Altar Purchas out of Josephus de Bell. Jud. l. 2. c. 17. Ancient Christian Sept. 1. The Muscovites celebrate the first Day of their New-Year deriving their Epoche from the Creation of the World which they believe to be in Autumn accounting it to the Year 1692. of CHRIST 7200. Years from the Creation according to the Opinion of the Greek and Eastern Church Voyages and Trav. of the D. of Holst Amb. p. 14. Their Procession on this Day consisted of above 20000 Persons viz. the Patriarch 400 Priests all in pontifical Habit carrying many Banners Images and old Books open coming out of one Church and the Great Duke his Chancellors Knez and Bojares out of another place The Patriarch with a Mitre on his head and a golden Cross in his hand beset with Diamonds gives it the Great Duke to kiss which done the Patriarch Blesses him and all the People wishing them all Prosperity in the New Year Idem Sep. 8. The Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Mother of GOD kept by the Muscovites Sept. 6. The Manifestation of CHRIST on the Mount Sept. 13. The Assumption of the Mother of GOD. Both Feasts of the Muscovites Mahometan Persian Ab. Thirty One Days Maharrim the first day which my Author makes to answer to July 15th is Aaschoor or the Feast
4. Conc. Trid. A second Head of Cardinal Pool's Reformation was For the putting away of all FeAsting in the Festivities of the Dedication of Churches Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation Mahometan Persian-Techrion el-avel 31. days 10th day of Rebiulewel is kept the Feast of Omar Reschdgiade in honour of an Illustrious Miller M. de Thev 12th day of this Moon Mahomet's Birth-day is celebrated by lighting Lamps round the Minarets Turkish-Rebiulewel ai 30. Days In the morning the Grand Seignior goes to the New Mosque where he causeth Sweet Meats and Sherbet to be brought from the Seraglio and after Prayers all eat and drink of them M. de Thev On this day the Poets make Sonnets in the praise of Mahomet which they rehearse publickly and are rewarded accordingly and Boys in Fez carry Wax Torches to School which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahomet's Praise Candles are on this day presented to the King of incredible height and bigness who that night hears all the Law read Ross Ancient Heathen Oct. 28. Mysteria minora 29. Libero Sacr. Nov. 1. Jovis Epulum Anthesteria seu Bacchanalia Sr. Thomas Herbert in his Travels in the E. Indies thought he found some remainders of this Festival in Casta as he guess'd by the dress mimic frisks and nightly pastimes the women practice There they covered themselves with skins adorn'd their heads had tresses with Ivy in one hand holding a leav'd Javelin and Cymbals of brass or Timbrels in the other attended by many boys and girls rambling like distracted people up and down and striving to rend the air with their continual clamours Sr. Tho. Herbert Modern Heathen Homespet amadum a feast on the 30 of Spindumu'd or Octob. Jewish 9. In Chisleu November December Chisleu 25. The feast of Dedication 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in remembrance of the Dedication of the Altar appointed by Judas Macchabeus as also of their deliverance from Antiochus and his Idolatry Vid. 1. Macc. 4.59 Joh. 10.22 It lasted seven days 28. A fast Jehojakim burnt the Roll which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremy Scal. Ancient Christian Nov. 21. Vedenia priziste bogorodice or the oblation of the Blessed mother of God A Festival of the Muscovites Mr. Hales of Eaton in one of his Sermons complains we bring the Church and Kitchin together for when we celebrate the memorial of any Saint Apostle Martyr do we not call this solemnity their Feast and accordingly solemnize it with excess of cheer Stultum est nimia Saturitate honorare velle Martyrem Hierom. The Ancient Ethnics were wont to celebrate their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 feasts of Sobriety and fasting in the honour of their Drunken God Bacchus upon the like fancy Christians appoint Feasts in the honour of Temperate Saints The Church of Rome to this lap the relicks and ashes of Saints in silk and costly stuff and shrine them in silver and gold whereas when the Saints themselves were on Earth and their bodies living Temples of the Holy Ghost they would have thought themselves much wronged if any such costly ornaments should have been employed about them We think that God and the Saints are like us and taken with such things as please us Machiavel in the life of Castruccio Castracano a Gentleman of Luca tells that he delighted much in often feasting and being reproved answered If feasting were not a good thing men would not honour God and the Saints so much with it Lo here the natural consequences of Church-Feasts It is an Apology for Luxury It was a Custom in the Church in sundry places for all young and old upon the Vigils of the Martyrs to come together by Night and meet in Church-yards and Eat and Drink on the Tombs of the Martyrs Vigilantius reproved it and justly for nox vinum Mulier c. Night Wine and Women c. This put S. Hierom into a fit of Choler by common consent this Custom was laid down Mahometan Persian Techrion-el ilani 30 Days 26 of this Moon at Night Mahomet's Ascension to Heaven from the Alboraoh is celebrated as a great Festival Turkish Rebiul ahhir ai 29 Days Ancient Heathen Nov. 15. Ludi Plebei 24. Brumalia Dec. 1. Fortunae muliebris fest 3. Posidonia 5. Faunalia 11. Alcyonii dies 14. Brumalia Ambrosia Modern Heathen Medusan a Festival of the Persees kept on the 11th of Adebese or December This as all the other is kept in memory of the Creation or monthly benefits Sir Tho. Herb. 10. In Tebeth December January Jewish 8. A Fast The Law was written in Greek in the days of K. Ptolomy Darkness for 3 days over the world Scal. 4. Fast for turning the Bible out of holy Hebrew into profane Greek Dr. Addison 9. Our Masters have not written the Cause why this Day was marked for a Fast Scal. 10. A Fast Jerusalem was besieged by the King of Babylon Idem and Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Dec. 25. Rosostua Christoua the Nativity of Christ a Feast of the Muscovites Epiphany Christmas-day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. Orat. 38 Observe 1. The Time In January on Epiphany-day probably in the East Clem. Alex. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Lydiat in Emend Temp. Upon Advice from the West-Churches they changed it to Dec. 25. S. Chrysostome Serm. 31. Tom. 5. saith it was not above 10 years since in that Ghurch Antioch it began to be kept on that day and offers several reasons to prove that to be the day S. Ambrose Serm. 13. Length of nights had possessed the whole day had not the coming of Christ shined gloriously in the very shortness of days c. S. August Our Lord was born on the eighth of the Calends of January when the days begin to lengthen Aug. in Psal 132. et de Trin. l. 3. c. 5. So Orosius on the 8th of the Kal. of Jan. Oros l. 7. c. 2. S. Bernard Christ was born in the winter Bern. in Nat. Dom. Ser. 3. So Nicephorus Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 12. Chemnitius Genebrard So the Arabian Persian and Syriac Churches Mr. Greg. Notes and Obs Soaliger H. Broughton Jacob Capella Alsted say Sept. or Octob. 2. The Antiquity In the 2d Century 't is mentioned by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarca Next by the Decretal Epistles but those suspected Next by Nicephorus H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 6. Who tells of Dioclesian burning a whole Church of Christians assembled to celebrate that Festival Dr. Brown in his Travels saith the Festivity of Christmas is observed at Vienna much after the same manner ceremonies and solemnity as in Italy p. 152. Jan. 6. Epiphany properly so called from the appearance 1. Of the star 2. The Trinity at Christ's baptism 3. The Divinity at Cana. Jan. 6. Bose Jaulenia or Chreschenia Epiphany A Festival of the Muscovites At Vienna the old Custom of chusing K. and Qu. was observed Count Lesly happened to be King the Emperor laid the Cloth and the Empress filled out
wine c. Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 152. Mahometan Persian Ranon el-avel 31 days On Christmas-Eve in Fez they eat Sallads of green Herbs Rosse Turkish-Dgiamazil ewel 30 days Ancient Heathen Dec. 17. Saturnalia proper to men lasting 3 days To which were added Sigillaria to make up 7 days At this Festival they had Feasts Dancing filthy Sonsg New-years-gifts Strenas The Heads of Slaves were covered with a Pileus as a Symbol of Liberty and attended by their Masters Dec. 19. Opalia Saturnalia The Druids at the End of the Year Offered Oke-branches to Jupiter crying Come to the Oke-branches the New Year Dec. 21. Angeronalia Angeronae Deae Macrob. Herculi Cereri de Mulso Idem 22. Feriae Laribus dicatae Compitalia Ludi Laribus 23. Feriae Jovis Larentinalia Plut. Var. Ovid. 24. Juvenalis dies Octavus Saturn additus Suet. unde Juvenales ludi Jan. 1. Jani Junonis Gamelia Junoni 8. Sacrificium Jani 9. Agonalia 11. Carmentalia a Feast dedicated to Evander's Mother Solemnized with the recital of Prophetic Verses 12. Compitalia Solemnized in Streets and High-ways where the Heads of Poppies and Onions were Offered up to the Lares instead of Infants which had been Offered before till prohibited by Junius Brutus Modern Heathen The Saxons called December Giuli from the Conversion of the Sun and encrease of the Days from Giul a Wheel in Gothic And in the old Runic Fasti their Feast was signified by a wheel which lasted 12 days whereon they Feasted and sent Presents one to another and offered Sacrifice to the Sun to express their Joy for the Return of the Sun Dr. Stillingfleet 11. In Sebat January February Jewish 5. A Fast The Elders dye that were the Equals of Joshua the Son of Nun. Scal. 23. A Fast All the Israelites gathered together against Benjamin because of the Harlot and Idol of Micha Scal. Ancient Christian Sr. Matthew Hale had for many years a particular Devotion for Christmas day and after he had received the Sacrament and been in the performance of the publick worship of that day he commonly wrote a Copy of verses on the honour of his Saviour as a fit expression of the joy he felt in his Soul at the return of that glorious Anniversary There are seventeen of those Copies printed which he writ on several Christmas days Dr. Burnet in his life Feb. 1. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr A Popish Festival Feb. 2. Stratenia Gospoda Boga Candlemas-Day a Feast of the Muscovites Papists Protestants c. With the Papists upon this day is a Procession in memory of that procession which Joseph and Mary made to the Temple This Feast was instituted in the time of Justinian upon a great mortality which then happen'd and Candles this day are carried with great solemnity to shew that our light should shine before men that Christ who was this day presented in the Temple is the true light of the world and that like wise Virgins whereof Mary was the chief we should have our lamps ready Feb. 10. William Confessor Mahometan Persian Kanon elsahi 31. Feb. Turkish Dgiamazil ahhir 29 Days Ancient Heathen Jan. 13. Tibicines habitu muliebri Vrbemlustrabant Plut. Jan. 15. Carmentalia relata et Porrime et Postverte Jan. 24. Circa hoo tempus Sementinae Feriae non state quidem sed indictae 29. Equiria in Campo Martio 31. Sacra deis Penat qui Patrii et Vrbani dicti sunt Feb. 1. Lucaria Elaphobolia Diane sacra a cervis dicta Feb. 13. Fauni festum et Jovis 15. Lupercalia the solemnities of Pan wherein 1. A dog and two goats were offered 2. Two Noblemen's Sons were to have their foreheads dipped in milk and dried up with wool 3. The youths must laugh and cutting thongs out of the goat-skins must run naked through the streets their privities only covered and strike all they meet especially young wives to help concepcion and safe Travel 12. In Adar Febuary March Jewish 7. A Fast Moses our master died who rests in peace Scal. 9. A Fast The School of Sammai and the School of Hillel began to contend amongst themselves Idem 13. A Festival Nicanor is slain Scal. Adar 14 and 15. Purim or the Feast of Lots Esth 9.21 Instituted by Mordecai in remembrance of the Jews deliverance from Haman before whom lots were cast daily for destruction of them On these two days they read the book of Hesther and at the mention of Haman beat with fists and hammers upon the benches and boards Otherwise they spend the time in Bacchanal riots and excess for as Dr. Addison tells us they have a rule that at this time they should drink till they cannot distinguish between Cursed be Haman and Blessed be Mordecai which are expressions in the service of the day Ancient Christian Mar. 1. S. David's Feast is celebrated especially by the Inhabitants of Wales whose Tutelar Saint he is reputed to be and accordingly is put in the Popish Kalendar Mar. 7. Tho. Aquinas a St. of the Roman Catholics Mar. 12. S. Gregory the Great Pa. Rom. Mar. 17. S. Patric Bishop celebrated in the Popish Church Mahometans Persian Chaabat 28. or 29. 4th Day of this Moon they have prayers in their Mosches till mid-night and then return home and feast This Festival is because of the Lent which comes two months after Turkish Redgeb ai 30. d. Mar. 1. Called by the Persians Scheual the Persians solemnize a feast which they call Chummehater in memory of Haly's taking possession of the estate of his Cousin and Father in-law Mahomet Mar. 3. Another called Tzar Schembesur i. e. the 4th sad Sabbath because say the Persians 't is an unlucky day on this day they shut their shops work not put away no money lest they should do nothing else all the year after swear not nor make any debauches Ancient Heathens Feb. 18. Quirinaliorum Stultorum Feriae Fornacalia indicta deae Fornacali Sacra Feralia diis Manibus 19. Deae Mutae 20. Charistia i. e. Sacra Cognatorum when Relations met and bestowed gifts mutually 21. Terminalia 27. Equiria in Campo Mart. Mar. 1. Matronalia or the Womens Saturnals foemineae Calendae The day on which anciently the Sabine Dames decided the Battle between their parents and husbands On this day the more dainty women sat at home in great chairs richly adorned receiving gifts c. In Romulus's time the year began on Mar. 1. 14. Equiria altera apud Tyberim vel si aquis increverit in Caelio Monte. Annae Perennae Parricidium viz. Jul. Caesaris Modern Heathens Houly a Feast at full Moon in February kept in the E. Indies in Caboul with great devotion the Pagods filled with people who come to pray and make their oblations there cloathed in red visiting their friends in Masquerade dancing by companies in the streets to the sound of Trumpets those of the same tribe eat together and at night make bonefires ended with a child shooting arrows to the figure of a Giant to
Sacrifices c. with some Expositions thereof out of the Talmud 7. They pray in particular for the re-building of Jerusalem and their return thither with great vociferation and rejoycing 8. They read a long Prayer collected out of the Psalms and 1 Chron. 30. 9. They conclude with singing those words of Obadiah v. 17 18 c. Other Songs also they sing much to this purpose When they say Hearken O Israel the LORD our GOD is One LORD they turn their heads to the four Corners of the World When they say Isa 6.3 Holy Holy Holy c. they leap three times 10. They utter an execrable Prayer against the Christians 11. They pray for Peace bowing to the Right and Left and depart backward out of the Synagogue looking to the Ark. Ancient Christian The Order of Divine Service out of Ignatius 1. On Sunday is a publick meeting out of both City and Countrey where are read as time will permit the Prophets and Apostles The Reader having ended 2. The Pastor or President makes an Exhortation 3. Afterwards we all rise up and offer Prayers 4. Then is brought Bread Wine and Water 5. Then the Pastor according to his Abilities offers up Prayers and Thanks-givings the People saying Amen 6. Then Distribution is made and 7. By the Deacon sent to such as are absent 8. The Wealthier-contribute if they will which deposited with the Pastor is to be given to the Poor The Order of Divine Service out of Tertullian We come together into the Congregatign that we may as it were with an Army besiege God with our Prayers 1. We Pray for the Emperors and their Ministers 2. We are Assembled for the reading of the Divine Scriptures 3. There are also Exhortations 4. Castigations and the Divine Censure And Judgment is passed with a great deal of weight and authority as among those who are certain of the presence and inspection of God c. 5. Every one brings some small piece of mony to the Chest if he can one day in a Month or when he will for no man is compelled but gives freely 6. This is as it were a pious Depositum for the feeding and interring of the Poor for boys and Girls destitute of Estate and Parents also for such as are aged such as have suffered Shipwrack The Order of Divine Service in Muscovy out of the D. of Holstein's Embassad 1. The whole service consists of certain Chapters out of the Bible Psalms and the Athanasian Creed 2. Whereto they add a Homily out of S. Chrysostome 3. And certain Prayers which they sing much in like manner as Antiphonaes are Sung saying ever and anon Gospodi Pommilui Lord have mercy upon me which the People repeat three times making the sign of the Cross 4. The Priest goes up to the Altar reads S. Basil's Liturgy and takes the Sacrament himself but gives it to none else Modern Heathen The Bannyans in Devotion to their Pagods under their Trees 1. Receive an Unction and Sprinklings of sundry coloured Powders c. 2. Pay their Tithes and Offerings 3. Repeat their Orisons 4. Make Processions 5. Sing and perform may Mysteries c. Sir Tho. Herb. The Siamites use abundance of Lights before their Pagods in time of Service They likewise Incense them and adorn them with Flowers and precious Stones Mandelslo At Banerous in India when the Pagod was opened 1. Four Bramins came with a Censer each of them followed by a rabble of other Bramins that made a hideous noise with Drums and Trumpets c. 2. The two eldest sang a Song the People singing in a Tune and playing with every one a Peacock's Tail or such like Flabel to keep the Flies off from the Idol 3. Half an hour after the beginning of this Musick two principal Bramins made a great noise three times with two little Bells and a kind of Mallet knockt at the Pagod-door 4. This done the Pagod was open'd and the Idol Ram to be seen the People falling upon the ground with their hands on their heads prostrating three times 5. Then rising up they threw great quantities of Nosegays and Garlands to the Priests with which the Priest touch'd the Idol and restored them again 6. Before the Altar stood a Bramin holding a Lamp of nine Wicks lighted in his hand on which he cast Incense Then the Pagod was shut and the People departed Tavernier 1. Particular Parts of Divine Worship and 1. of Prayer Jewish Observe 1. THE Orators or Persons praying The Priest as Speaker for the People the People by way of consent and communion with the Priest 2. The Times or Seasons There were 4 hours of Prayer daily observed in the Temple There are now but three in the Synagogues Dr. Addison 3. The Place 1. The Temple 2. The Synagogues 3. Private Places 4. The Form All in Form of which there were 18 in number belonging to their Liturgy in our Saviour's time Dr. Lightfoot Their Prayers now are very many and therefore they run them over in Hebrew Rhimes c. Purchas 5. The Gesture They pray standing with their Loins girt and their Bodies bowed a little and their Faces toward Jerusalem at Confession of Sins using prostration and at Praises extraordinary jumping up as at those words Holy Holy Holy Lord God of Sabbaoth as is said before Dr. Addison Rosse adds Laying their hand on their heart They hold it a great sin in praying to belch yatch spit or break wind because they hold the Angels to be there present Rosse They believe That whosoever saith heartily Amen hastens their Redemption Idem Ancient Christian The Method and Order of Divine Service among the Indian Christians out of Sir Tho. Herbert 1. They Assemble chearfully 2. Shut their Eyes at Entrance 3. Salute the Priest with humble Reverence who resalutes them by lifting up his hands and eyes 4. The Priest at a set Hour begins Prayers seldom exceeding two Hours in the whole Exercise 1. Making a brief Confession 2. The People assenting in an Unanimous Amen 3. Expounding some part of Scripture during which their Attention Looks and Silence is commendable 4. Singing an Hymn 5. At parting out of the Church re-saluting the Priest who ceases not to elevate his hands 'till all the People are departed N. Every first Sunday in the Month the Priest reads a Homily writ as they say by the Apostle or some of his Disciples The Order of the Armenian-Service out of M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 3. 1. They put off their Shoes and enter into Church 2. When they hear Mass they sit with their heads covered all the Service-time except at the Elevation of the Host for then they take off their Bonnets and kiss the Earth three times 3. There was viz. at the Church in Egmiasin upon the Altar a Cross with Six Candlesticks of Gold and upon the Steps to the Altar four Candlesticks of Silver five foot high 4. After they had sung several Hymns the Patriarch seated himself in a Chair
cover'd with Silk-Tapistry four Arch-Bishops sitting with their backs to a Pillar at his right hand The Service was solemnly perform'd by an Arch-Bishop with two Bishops on each side 5. When the Arch-Bishop had made certain Prayers he gave the Book wherein he had read the Gospel to the Patriarch Bishop and People to kiss at last many kissed the Patriarch's hand c. In Muscovy all say their Prayers either standing or kneeling for they have neither Seats nor Benches in their Churches The late Great Duke who was much given to Devotion lay all along upon the ground when he said his Prayers D. of Holst Ambassad Trav. p. 102. Note I liked one thing that I saw both at Strasburgh and here viz. at Frankfort that at the end of Prayers a considerable interval of silence was left before the conclusion for all People's private Devotion Dr. Burnet's Letters Mahometan The Turks pray 5 times a day concerning which they have many Traditions some necessary some of counsel and decency e. g. 1. In noon and afternoon prayers to be read with a low voice in the morning and at night with a loud voice if an Imam be present else 't is indifferent 2. The men lift up their hands to the tip of their Ears the women to their Jaws 3. Accompanying the Imam which a low voice in all he doth imitating 4. Prostration touching the ground with forehead Nose c. These things make the Prayer Null 1. Talking laughing or weeping loud at Prayer unless at the mention of Paradise or Hell 2. Scratching 3 times in one place passing before the Imam without prostration turning their face from the Keble advancing the space of two Ranks beginning the Prayer when the Imam begins another a mistake in reading saluting any willingly 3. They may not pray in the habit they commonly work in 4. Nor before the fire yet they may by a Candle or Lamp The Expiation for a fault of Inadvertency is Prostration Ancient Heathen 1. The persons praying viz. Priests and others c. 2. Times and Seasons At Sacrifices publickly 3. The place At the Altar and in the Temples 4. The Form A verse out of a Book Theag. lib. de diis v. Nat. Com. The Gentiles read their Prayers out of a Book before their Sacrifices Ne quid praepostere dicatur Alex. ab Al. l. 4. c. 17. They often began thus Dii Deaeque omnes c. i.e. O all ye Gods and Goddesses c. 5. Gesture They Prayed standing to the Superior Gods sitting to the Inferior 6. The Matter At public Sacrifices they Prayed that the God would accept their Offering and be bountiful and pleasant c. At other times they put up odd Petitions as Juno Verenda concede Fratrem occidere c. Eurip in Phaen. Da mihi fallere da justum sanctumque videri Horat. Plato Advised That whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed should be first shewed to the Priests lest they should err Modern Heathen In Slam the Religious Orders are tied to rise at Midnight to pray to their Idols Rosse In Goa they pray to the Sun and Moon c. and to the first thing they meet with in the morning tho a Goose or an Ass and all the day after they Pray to it But a Crow they cannot abide Idem About Jemena in Bengala they use to Pray naked in the Water and to do Pennance by lying flat on the ground kissing the Earth holding up their hands to the Sun and turning themselves about 40 times Idem See more of this in the Second Part of this book under the Title of Prayer Magical Ad illum viz. Cacodaemonem complicatis genibus supplices accessistis Mart. Delrio Sebast Michael in Pneumalog refer exemplar sententiae latae Avinioni Anno. 1582. Glanvil saith they call the Devil sometimes Robin and pray to him O Satan give me my purpose Dr. d ee in all his Actions with Spirits tells us that he always went to prayer not to the Devil professedly but to God Oravimus ad Deum ejus implorabamus auxilium And in the end of his Action he concludes with a short Thanksgiving to God Omnis Spiritus laudet Deum nostrum unum trinum Amen Nay the very occasion of his falling into this Magical Delusion next to his Mathematical Studies is supposed to be his earnest Prayer to God for Wisdom such Wisdom as he was ambitious of Dr. Casaubon 2. Praises Psalms Hymns Jewish THere were 3 kinds of Musical Persons among the Jews 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that plaid upon Musical Instruments 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that sung with the Voice 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that joyned Vocal and Instrumental Musick together Alsted Encycl N. 2630. The Song of Miriam was uttered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with alternate Melodies saith Philo Jud. de vit Mosi l. 3. The President of the Essenes standing up sung an Hymn composed in praise of God and after him did others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in their Orders in convenient manner and when they came unto the Close of the Hymns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id. de vit contempl The Hallel was sung over at the Passover from Ps 113 to Ps 118. The 92d Psalm on the sabbath-Sabbath-day Psalm 9.4 every Wednesday Dr. Light Templ Serv. p. 59 139. Ancient Christian Hymns and Psalms were accounted a considerable part of Divine Worship Dr. Cave vid. Plin. l. 10. Ep. 97. They were either Extempore or set The Council of Laodicea ordered That no Psalms of private composition should be recited in the Church Can. 59. also that a Lesson should be interposed between every Psalm In this Duty all the Congregation bore a part joining together Afterward the custom was to sing Alternatim course by course answering one another Theod. Hist Eccl. l. 2. c. 24. who saith it was first brought in by Flavianus and Diodorus in the Ch. of Antioch in the Reign of Constantine but Socrates saith by Ignatius who in a vision had heard c. Socr. Eccl. H. l. 6. c. 8. Pliny saith the Christians did secum invicem canere Theodosius Junior rising early every morning with his Sisters did together interchangeably sing Psalms of Praise De Orig. They Sung Hymns and Psalms at Dinner a custom which Clem. Al. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. S. Augustine saith we have the precept and example of our Saviour Christ and his Apostles for singing in our Assemblies Orig. Brit. Also he saith the Customs of Churches were very different about these matters In the Churches of Asric he saith they confin'd themselves to the Prophetical Hymns for which they were upbraided by the Donatists as too grave and formal but he allows singing for one of the solemn parts of Divine Service with which he joyns
Faithful or the Revenues of the Church one part was to be allowed to the Bishop two parts for Church Repairs and the Poor and one for the Clerks or Clergy according to their Merits Idem Sum. Decr. Simpl. Pa. 6. That the offerings of such as did not receive the Lord's Supper as did oppress the Poor as laid violent hands upon themselves were not to be accepted Idem c. So also of such as had delivered up their Children to be Baptized by Hereticks Idem 7. That Oblations were not to be made in Lent Idem Mahometan The Mahometan Pilgrims in commemoration of Abraham's Sacrifice offer upon the Plain near Medina 400000 Sheep on the Day of the little Bairam M. de Thev Ancient Heathen 1. Obs the kinds of Sacrifices 1. Humane Sacrifices were offered to Saturn in Carthage c. To Jupiter Apollo Mars Neptune Bacchus Juno Diana Pallas Mercury Moloch c. Amongst the Romans Scythians Cauls Aegyptians c. And some Indians now 2. Beasts and Birds c. 1. White to the Supernal Gods 2. Black to the Infernal 2. A Bull to Jupiter Mars Apollo Neptune Luna the Heroes A Ram to Mars and Jupiter A Horse to Sol and Mars A Doe to Minerva and Pan. A Lamb to Juno and Faunus A Dove to Venus A Sow to Ceres and Cybele A Hog to Sylvanus A Cock to the Lares A He-Goat to Bacchus The Women prostituted their own Bodies to Venus at her Temple for the use of Strangers They must all be 1. Of Fair Colour 2. Free from blemish 3. Not used to Labour 4. Such as they had received no profit from They chose proper Garlands to adorn the Men Sacrifices Altars Vessels e. g. In the Service of Bacchus Myrtle Ceres the Oak Hercules Poplar Apollo Lawrel They chose proper Fewel for the Altars Myrtle for Venus Ash for Mars Oak for Jove c. Natalis Comes tells of Vengeance inflicted for improper Fewel out of Pausanias c. They used proper Seasons of Service In the Morning to the Spernal In the Evening to the Infernal Proper Places On the Plain to the Terrestrial On Hills to the Supernal In Grots and Caves to the Infernal Modern Heathen The East-Indians offer Sacrifice some of them to the Sea and generally to the Idol in their Pagods M. de Thev In Guinea c. if the Fishermen have not a good draught they present a Piece of Gold to the Priest to reconcile them to the frowning Saint who with his Wives makes a kind of Procession through the Streets smiting his Breast clapping his hands with a mighty noise 'till he come to the shoar where they cut down Boughs from certain Trees and hang them on their Necks playing on Timbrels then the Priest turns to the Wives and expostulates with them and throws Wheat and other things into the Sea as an Offering to the Fetisso View of the Engl. Acqu in Guinea c. In Pegu and Bengala the Idols are honoured with Lights continually burning before them Rosse In Goa they wash in a Cistern near the Idol and offer Rice Eggs c. Idem The Gaurs Kids Hens Pigeons In Malabar they Sacrifice Flowers and Cocks to their Idol In Narsinga the Pilgrims offer Gold Silver and Jewels to their Idol Idem In Virginia they offered Tobacco c. In Mexico c. Men. Idem Diabolical Witches give their Soul and Body to the Devil And permit the Devil to suck their Blood once in 24 hours And destroy the lives of as many as they can in Devotion to the Devil Glanvil In Amboyna they offer him Meat and Drink and light a Wax-Candle in a certain place of their Houses and if he comes not they eat most of the Consecrated Meat themselves Mandelslo The like they do in Ceylon Capt. Knox. 4. Purifications Washings c. Jewish PUrification by Water was long in use with the Jews though not Sacramental therefore they expected it at the coming of the Messiah John 1.25 They question'd not his Baptism but his Authority Godw. Antiq. To make a Woman-Profelyte of the Covenant was required Purification by Water and Oblation viz. two Turtles or Pigeons to a Male-Profelyte Circumcision together with Purification and Oblation Idem Purification was used 1. To Males before Circumcision 2. To Women-Proselytes of the Covenant 3. To Women after Child-birth as the Law requires Lev. 12. but with this difference among the Modern Jews That after the birth of a Daughter the Wife retires for 66 or 70 Days her Husband not being permitted to touch her Finger or Clothes or cut in the same Dish or drink in the same Cup with her 'till she hath been washt c. Dr. Addison 4. To Churches Vessels c. Ancient Christian Hither may be referred the Baptism of Christiaus which is a kind of Purification though we have spoken of it before in the Chapter of Sacraments as may also the Lord's Supper in which the Souls of true Believing Communicants are purified in the Blood of Christ that Lamb of GOD which takes away the sins of the World This is that Fountain which was open'd on purpose for sin and for uncleanness which purifies more than the Refiners fire or the Fuller's Soap But ordinarily Repentance is the Christian's purification and that which disposeth and makes us meetly qualified for the Ordinances before-mentioned both which are but declarative of this and supposed in the Judgment of Christian Charity both in Baptism and the Lord's Supper Other Purifications have been added in succeeding Ages by the Papists especially as 1. Purification or Dedication of Churches by Praying Sprinkling the Walls with holy Water and a bundle of Hysop the Clergy and People going about and singing the Bishop knocking the Door with his Crosier saying Lift up your heads O ye gates c. Then entering in with three Servants wishing Peace three times to the House then on his knees to the Altar and praying whilest the Clergy without sing the Litany who afterwards carry in the Relicks of the Saint to which the Church is Dedicated The Walls are painted Salt Water Ashes and Wine are exercised and mixt into which the Bishop having dipt his Thumb makes the sign of the Cross on the Altar Walls Pavement offers Incense blesseth the Church Preacheth c. all enter the Church singing c. 2. Of Altars by going about them 7 times and sprinkling them with Water and Hysop 7 times having first made 4 Crosses on the 4 Horns of the Altars 3. The Putinae the Corporal Chalice Linnen Pix Fonts Crosses Images First-Fruits Holy-Water Salt Church-Yard Bells Easter-Tapers Chests wherein the Relicks of the Saints are kept c. And these Purified or Consecrated with Prayers Washing Crossing Ancinting Incense c. Mahometan The Turks have two kinds of Ablutions 1. Gousl viz. a general washing of the whole body after lying with their Wives Nocturnal Pollution Urine or any Unclean Thing touching them 2. Abdest viz. only of the Hands always before Prayers 3. After easing of
Yet their Dervices do undergo voluntary Penances far exceeding the Romanists herein putting such massy Fetters of Iron upon their Legs as that they could scarce stir with them and then covered with blew Mantles the Colour of Mourners going as fast as they are able bare-foot many miles together upon the hot parching ground in Pilgrimage to visit the Sepulchers of their Saints suffering and waiting for their Recompence in that better life to come Once in their lives they are obliged by their Law to go one Pilgrimage to Mecha Which is thus All the way they sing Verses of the Alcoran bestow Charity c. Two days before they arrive at Mecha they strip naked and continue so 8 days and go round the Kiaabe 7 times Praying with an Imam before them Ancient Heathen Corn. Cethegus and Qu. Sulpitius Roman Priests were put out of Office the one because he let fall the Apex which the Priests carried in Sacrificing from his Head the others because he did not place the Entrals of the Victim aright The Druids if any person private or publick engaged in Controversy will not stand to their determination they forbid them the Sacrifices Caesar de Bell. Gall. They sit in a Consecrated place whither all come for the hearing of Controversies The persons thus suspended were accounted impious and execrable All men shun'd their company The Unclean were driven away from Sacrifices by the Herald crying Procul este profani Vestal Virgins becoming incontinent were bound alive carried on a Bier through the Forum with great silence and horrour set on a Ladder by which she descended into a Cave where was prepared a Bed a burning Light a little Bread Water and Milk the Ladder drawn up the Cave's Mouth was filled up with earth either that such an offender might not be honour'd with burning or that being a Consecrate Virgin she might dye as it were of her own accord saith Plutar. Modern Heathen In the East-Indies when a Man or Woman hath committed a sin that makes them be expelled the Caste as if a Woman had lain with a Mahometan she must in order to be re-admitted live upon no nothing else for a certain time but the grain that is found amongst Cow-dung M. de Thev 10. Marriage and Divorce Jewish 1. MArriage Concerning the Marriage of the Ancient Jews I refer my Reader to Sacred Scripture The Barbary-Jews admit not any unmarried Sect among them Concerning their Marriages observe 1. Whom they marry One of their own Tribe 2. When. Their Daughters often are betrothed at ten Years of Age and if Rich married when young 3. How 1. The first visit is short to prevent disparagement if it succeed not 2. In case of liking Presents are sent 3. Articles are drawn up particularly even 'till it come to the Night-dress 4. A Dowry is made by the Man 5. The Woman is affianced i. e. given to the Man by some near Relation 6. For eight Days the Woman useth Bathing 7. On the Marriage-Eve she is put by two Matrons into Tabila a Cistern of cold Water not a Hair above Water when she comes out her Hair is neatly dressed up 8. On the Marriage-Day they put on their Wedding-Robes retire to their private Devotions and then to the Synagogue-Service 9. Then returns he to his Bride sitting in a Chair having a Virgin on each hand puts the Kedusim or Wedding-Ring on her Thumb or any Finger of her right Hand calling Witnesses 10. The Rabbi saith a Prayer 11. After Prayer having blessed and tasted a Glass of Wine he gives it to the Bridegroom who breaks it in remembrance of the destruction of the Temple 12. The Bridegroom takes off the Bride's Veil gives her the right hand sits down by her discourses a while retire into the Lodging-Room wherein are two Beds on the Floor to one of which the Bridegroom betakes himself after the Tokens received Deut. 22. and a certain short Mystical Prayer used 13. For eight days they Feast Neighbours come and pray with the Man the Woman being allowed these eight Days for Purification the Man sees her not but at meal-times 14. At a woman's first meeting her husband she walks thrice about him and the man once about the woman 2. Divorce concerning which and more concerning Marriage see in the Second Book Ancient Christian None could lawfully Marry till they had first advised with the Bishop and Clergy and obtained their leave probably to secure them from Marrying with Gentiles v. Tertull. de Monog c. 11. c ad Vx l. 2. c. 2.9 Pope Calixtus first Prohibited Matrimony between those that were near a-kin consanguineos of the same Blood such as the Laws of God of the Emperors Greek and Roman admitted to the Inherirance Carrauz in Decr. Calixti Pa. Christians were forbid to Marry with Infidels Idem Sum. Elibert Conc. c. 15.16 17. S. Jerome speaks of sponsalitius annulus upon Job c. 8. and on Isa 3. and Beda calls it sincera fidei signaculum on Luk. c. 5. Hom. 40. Pope Euristus in his first Epistle to the African Bishops shews in what manner Christian Matrimony ought to be Celebrated Viz. 1. Let a Wife be sought and betrothed by the Parents that are next to her a Parentibns Propinquioribus i. e. I suppose Father Grand-father c. 2. Let her be blessed in a Priestly manner as the custom is with Prayers and Orations by the Priest 3. Let her be kept and attended by the Brideman and Bride-maid and for two or three days let them be at leisure for Prayers and preserve their Chastity that good Children may be generated and they may please the Lord in their Actions otherwise saith he account them rather Adulteries Lewdness or Fornication than Wedlock Carrauz in Decr. Eucaristi Pa. Mahometan The Turks may have three sorts of Wives lawful Wives Wives of Kebin and Slaves 1. The first are thus Married 1. The Man agrees with the Maid's Parents for her Dowry 2. The Cady with two Witnesses writs down the agreement 3. Before the Celebration the Imam blesses the Marriage 4. On the day the Bride muffled up is led to the Bride-groom's House to Feasting and Musick c. They may have four Wives For Wives of Kebin less ceremony serves Divorces are thus The Husband goes before a Cady and saith I part with her for three times allowing her a Dowry if he Divorce her wrongfully nor may she Marry again till after four Months Ancient Heathen A Soothsayer and Witnesses were present at Marriages the one to give token of good luck e. g. a Crow because one dying the other lives without a Mate the others Signatores to Seal the form of the Contract They gave the Bride Golden Coin in a Charger which some think was stampt with the Resemblance of the Bride-groom or Bride or both Dr. Holy-day on Juv. p 114. They betrothed with a Ring Et digito pignus fortasse dedisti Juv. Pliny saith the Ring was of Iron Tertullian and Marcell Donatus of
Gold They gave the Guests VVine cakes at their Departure Dr. Holyday The new Bride and Bride-groom sacrificed a white Hog perhaps to signify the fruitfulness of Marriage Divorces allowed among the Romans to one person 8 times beyond that number was accounted Adultery v. Mart. l. 6. Aut minus aut certe non plus tricesima lux est Et nubit decimo jam Telesina viro Quae nubit toties non nubit Adultera lege est Modern Heathen In the East-Indies they Marry their Children very young and in the Province of Baglana Celebrate the Marriage and bed the Children much sooner than in many places of the Indies viz. at 8 or 10 years old A Gentile Marries at any age and cannot have several VVives at a time provided he Marries a Maid and one of his own Caste Many Ceremonies are to be seen at their VVeddings At certain times in great Towns 500 or 600 are Celebrated in a day and nothing to be seen in the Streets but enclosures at the front of the Husband's House made with Poles or Canes covered with Tapestry c. Before the Wedding they make a Cavalcade through the Town with Musick and much Pomp then a Bramen having said some Prayers over both puts a Cloth betwixt the Husband and the VVife and orders the Husband with his naked Foot to touch the naked Foot of his Wife and that compleats the Marriage M. de Thev In Negapatan in the East-Indies the Priest with a Cow and Man and VVoman together go to the River-side where the Bramen mutters over a short Prayer links their Hands about the Cows Tail forces the Beast into the River having first poured upon them his Holy Oyl where they go as far as they can with the Beast and then returning to shore their hands are united and they Married Diabolical In Amboyna they who worship the Devil at Marriage use no Ceremonies for the parties being agreed the Bridegroom's Father carries a Present of some Toys to the Bride and the Bride's Father makes a Feast at which they have Musick of Tabors and Lologo or Dances in the Honour of Nito and so consummate the Marriage which they break with the same facility they contracted it for the VVives leve their Husbands upon the least discontent and the next day they Marry another Mandelsto Funerals Jewish ABraham buried Sarah in a Cave Gen. 23. Saul was buried in a Grove or under an Oak 1 Cor. 10. They used also burning of thir Dead 1 Sam. 31.12 Amos 6.10 Their common Epitaph is Let his Soul be in the bundle of Life with the Rest of the Just Rosse They used to Mourn for the Dead c. At present among the Jews in Barbary the way is thus 1. A Jew being sick a Rabbi is sent for who 1. Draws up an Envoy of his Estate 2. Takes account of his Debts 3. Provides for the Payment 4. The remainder is disposed 1. In a double Dowry to the Wife to what was promised 2. In Alms to Orphans 3. In Alms to Widows 4. In a Legacy to the Synagogue and Holy House i. e. the Temple expected at the coming of the Messiah 2. When like to Die he confesseth his Faith and in the short Oration is recommended to mercy 3. Is Buried within the Natural day after departure the Corps being washed and if rich in Rose-water Orange-flowers c. put in a clean shirt drawers and a strip of Linnen and after all in a very white sheet and Cossin 4. The Relations stir not abread for seven days after interrment 5. The Corps is carried by four persons to the place of Burial 6. At the Grave some certain parcels of Divine Service are said Dr. Addison See more in the Second Book Mr. Rosse relates other usages as covering the face tearing a piece of thier Garments Bowing the Thumb Stretching out the other Fingers Casting a shell after the Corps Casting grass over their Heads Changing their Seat 7 times in the Synagogue Going bare-foot 7 days Burning Candles 7 days c. Ancient Christian In the Funerals of the Ancient Christians I Observe 1. That one of the nearest Relations shut the Eyes of the person Deceased So S. Augustine saith concerning his Mother Premebam Oculos ejus 2. Sometimes to comfort themselves in the Affliction they Sung Psalms together as in the forecited instance of Monica's Funeral S. Austine tells us Euodius took a Psalter and begun to sing to whom all the House answered I will sing of Mercy and Judgment c. Upon which many Brethren and Devout Women gathered together and joyned with them See also Dr. Cave 3. When the Corps was brought to the Grave or Sepulcher and there laid down Prayers were said vide Aug. Confess l. 9. c. 12. 4. Orations were often made in commendation of the Party Deceased with Exhortations to the People to imitate so good an Example 5. They were not always careful for costly Funerals or embalming of their Corps or choice Monuments as S. Austine saith in these respects his Mother took no thought Nec mortuos coronamus Min. Faelix 6. They also carried Lighs burning before the Corps signifying they were as Champions c. Dr. Cave out of S. Chrysost Note 1. Eutychianus Papa statuit ut Martyres cuni Dalmatica aut Colobio Sepelirentur 2. Cerei in Coemeteriis non incendantur Conc. Eliber c. 34. 3. Ne Foeminae in Coemeteriis pervigilent ne sub obtentu Orationis Scelera committantur Ibid. Mahometan 1. After Death of any the People fall a howling loud 2. Friends come in and weep in singing doleful tones with them praising the Deceased thus He loved me so well gave me plenty of every thing c. and the rest say the same Sometimes they hire Mourning women 3. They wash the Corps shave off the Hair burn Incense about him to scare away ill Spirits wrap him up in a Sheet 4. Pray to God to be merciful to him 5. Put him into a Coffin or Bier cover'd with a Pall which is Green for a Scherif Red for a Soldier c. with a Turbant overthwart it c. 6. Carry it to the Burying place the Priests going before saying Prayers then the Friends Women crying like mad 7. Put it in the Grave and leave the Women to make lamentation The Persians place the Body Westward Burying-places always without the Town They use Tombs of Marble-stones erected Epitaphs as we M. de Thev Mahomet the Third lies buried in the midst of a Chappel at C. P. about fifty foot square with four high small round Towers about which are small round Galleries of Stone from which the Priests call to service His Tomb a great Cossin of Marble about five foot high at the end covered with a Hearse-cloath of Gold his Turbant standing at his Head and two great Candles of Wax three or four yards long in guilded Candlesticks the one at his Head the other at his Feet never burning but standing for shew Round about his Tomb
world hate one another more than they do on the account of Religion they look on one another as Hereticks 1. The Persians hold that Aboubeker Omar and Osman were but so many Usurpers of Aly that Aly was the Lawful Successor of Mahomet and actually succeeded him that Aly was the first of the Twelve Imams whom they much honour and who succeeded one another of whom the last called Mahomet-Nekedy-Sahabzemon i. e. Mr. of the times was snatched out of the hands of those who would have killed him and translated as Enoch and Elias and that he will also come at the Day of Judgment to force the world to embrace the Faith of Mahomet that Jesus Christ shall be his Leutenant and that he will marry This is the great point of difference between the Turks and them M. de Thev 2. They have translated the Alcoran into the Persian Tongue with an Interlineal Translation word for word for Turks and Persians both believe that that book cannot be explained in any other Language but Arabick 3. They think it enough to follow the commands of their Law and therefore call themselves Schiai tho the Persians sometime follow some of the Counsels Idem 4. In Persia they call to Prayers three times a day from Terrasses not Towers viz. at Morn Noon and Sun-set and no oftener on Friday 5. The Schiai hold not their Hands on their Stomachs at Prayer but lay down a little gray stone before them which they always carry about them and every time they Prostrate lay their Fore-heads on that Stone made of the Earth of Keebela where Hussein the Second Son of Aly. was killed 6. Persians will not eat what a Christian hath touch'd nor suffer a Christian to come into their Coffee-houses or Bagnioes accounting them Megdis i. e. impure They break a Pot wherein a Christian hath Drunk They hate Turks no less but dare not tell them so M. de Thev 7. They will suffer Christians to dispute with them about matters of Faith Eastern Christians Greeks Present State 1. THey are Poor 2. Ignorant 3. Oppressed by the Turk to whom they pay every Man 4 Lyon-Dollars i. e. 16 Shillings per Annum Brierwood saith Their Tribute is a fourth part of their Increase and a Sultany 7 s. 6 d. for every Poll and also they are obliged to speak no thing against Mahometanism Formerly their children were decimated and made Janizaries Order of the Patriarchs 1. Patriarch of C. P. 2. of Alexandria 3. of Antioch 4. of Jerusalem When they all meet they kiss each other's hand 1. The Patriarch of Alexandria is over Aegypt Aethiopia Arabia The Indies 2. The Patriarch of Jerusalem is over Palestine 3. The Patriarch of Antioch is over Cilicia Mesopotomia Syria Phoenicia Cyprus The Patriarch of Constantinople is over 73 several Churches according to Mr. Smith Heraclea Thessalonica Athens Lacedemonia Larissa Adrianople Tornobou Johanna Monenbasia Methynna Phanarion Patrus Proconesus And all confirmed by the Grand Seignior Georgians or Iberians 1. Most of them so ignorant they hardly know the Principles of their Religion 2. The Clergy much oppressed by the Nobles Bishops and Priests used as Servants by the Prince and Nobility The Prince's Will is their Law no Judges nor admission of Witnesses The Estates and Persons of the Subjects are at the disposal of the Prince c. The Prince of the Georgians in a Letter to Pope Vrban VIII 1629. saith The Faith hath been kept pure among them since Constantine the Great Also That he allowed a Chapel to the Missionaries of Rome that they might pray for him The Patriarch of Constantinople sends Kaloyrs often into Iberia to encourage them in their Enmity against the Pope F. Avitabolis in a Letter from Goris in Iberia or Georgia 1631. From whence my Author F. Simon hath the following Account c. Sir Tho. Herbert saith No fewer than 40000 of Georgians and Sarcashes inhabited about Spahawn and Schyraz but little better than Captives being forcibly ttansplanted thither Poor Souls saith he hearing that we were Christians they flocked about us and wept to see us Mengrelians 1. They are accounted by Galanus of the same Belief mostly with the Georgians only 2. They live on the Mountains and in the Woods and therefore 3. Are a wilder and wickeder sort of People than the Georgians 4. They inhabit Colchis or Mengrelia which is part of Armenia and therefore much difference is not to be expected between the Mengrelians and Armenians or Georgians Muscovites They agree mostly with the Greeks in Faith Rites and Ceremonies Every House hath its Saint pictured and hung up on the Wall with a little Wax-Candle before it which they light when they say their Prayers The Picture of the V. Mary and S. Nicholas their Patron are in great Veneration amongst them The sign of the Cross is the ordinary Preface to all their Civil Actions They have a Patriarch at Mosco Three Arch-Bishops at Rosthon Sudal and Grand Novograde Bishops at Wologda Resan Sudal T wer Toboleska Astracan Casan Plescou Columna c. All chosen out of the Body of their Monks They force no Man's Conscience hate the Papists Nestorians 1. They are a Sect of the Chaldeans or Syrians 2. They Reverence Nestorius as their Great Patriarch and Invocate him in their Prayers 3. Their present Patriarch to whom they are subject is called the Patriarch of Babylon who hath Jurisdiction over 300000 Families Pet. Stroza de dogm Chald. 1617. 4. Under Pope Julius III. they chose one Simon Jusacha Patriarch who resided at Caramit in Mesopotamia next Abdiesu Metropolitan of Saba who at Rome recanted some Books which he had writ in favour of Nestorianism He was at the Council of Trent Ahacballa a Monk of St. Pachome Denha Simon who left Caramit to reside in Zeinalbech in the uttermost bounds of Persia submitting to the Patriarch of Babylon Simon Elias who sent a flattering submissive Letter to Pope Paul V. upon his request wherein he represents the differences between the Nestorians and Romans only Ceremonial But since they have broken Faith c. Indians of St. Thomas 1. One Sect with the Nestorians 2. Subject to the same Patriarch whose Jurisdiction reacheth as far as India 3. The Chaldeans who live at Goa Cochim Angamala c. all Nestorians 4. The Pope of Rome hath sent many Emissaries to them much violence and many arts have been used especially by Alexis de Meneses made afterward Arch-Bishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East A College was set up at Cangranor 1546. for instructing children in the Ceremonies of the Latines another for the Chaldean Language c. In fine they became Subject to Rome and continue so to this day for ought I can learn Sabeans or Christians of St. John M. de Thevenot giveth account of them about Bassora in the East-Indies but saith They are more Gentiles than Christians One of them who turned Roman Catholick confessing They were partly Jews part Turks part Christians and part Gentiles
Mr. de Thev vid. postea Cophties 1. So called from Coptus the Metropolis of Thebais formerly or Egophtia Egypt 2. Their Country Language is Arabic the Coptic Tongue is in their Offices 3. Cophties All Monophysites c. Abyssins All Monophysites c. Armenians All Monophysites c. Jacobites All Monophysites c. i. e. They will not acknowledge two Natures in Christ for fear of acknowledging two Christs 4. They are subject to One who calls himself Patriarch of Alexandria and Jerusalem and Successor of St. Mark who hath Jurisdiction over Both Aegypts Nubia and Abyssinia 5. Upon him depend Eleven Cophty-Bishops viz. Of Jerusalem Behnese Atsih Film Moharrah Montfallot Sijut Abutig Girgium Negade Girge And the Metropolitan of Abyssinia 6. Next Bishops are Arch-Priests many in number 7. Next Priests Deacons Readers Chanters So ignorant they have scarce a Man among them fit to be a Patriarch and so poor they are scarce able to raise a Sum of Money to give the Basha for his Admission They have many fabulous Stories about our Saviour's Life as that an Angel brought him Victuals in his Minority M. de Thev Armenians 1. Scha-Abas King of Persia his Victories over the Armenians hath almost ruined this Church saith F. Simon which others deny 2. The Patriarch of Armenia had his Seat lately at Egmiathin 3. They still retain the Names of some Arch-Bishopricks Bishopricks and Monasteries 4. Many Armenians are now in the Communion with the Church of Rome 5. They are all Monophysites 6. They agree mostly with the Jacobites except some Ceremonies Their Mass is in the Armenian-Tongue 7. They reject the Council of Chalcedon 8. They are Subject to two Patriarchs each called Patriarch of Armenia and have 400000 Villages under them 9. The Curates and Bishops succeed qu. by Inheritance 10. Armenians in Ispahan not inconsiderable for number Jacobites Properly so called are such as live in Syria and Mesopotamia about 40000 Families of which some are Latiniz'd and some not these last have two Patriarchs one at Caramit the other at Derzapharan The Patriarch of the Latiniz'd Jacobites resides at Aleppo and depends on Rome They Communicate with Leaven'd Bread Abyssins of Ethiop 1. So called from Abassia i. e. Ancient Ethiopia 2. They are Subject to one Bishop sent from the Patriarch of Alexandria who resides at Cairo 3. John Bermudas made Patriarch of Ethiopia at Rome at the request of the Abyssins themselves most know what became of him viz. Banisht 4. One David who called himself Emperor of the greater and Ethiopia wrote a Letter to Pope Clement VII protesting Obedience 5. Their Language is a Chaldaic used in their Liturgies much differing from the Vulgar Chaldiac F. Sim. A great Countrey seven Months Travel in circuit The King and all the People of the Cophtie Religion M. de Thev Purchas saith no They call themselves Chaldeans Sam. Purchas Maronites 1. So called from Maron as they pretend an Abbot whose Life Theodoret hath writ who lived in the beginning of the Fifth Century whom they all Saint in all thier Offices 2. Their Patriarch resides in the Monastery of Cannabin on Mount Libanus called Patriarch of Antioch 3. They are entirely submitted to the Church of Rome and a Reformation is made in their Offices Discipline c. 4. The Maronites of a sweet Temper but inconstant their Women very modest 5. They disclaim the Error of Monothelism F. Sim. The Maronites at Damascus so poor that when I was there their Curate had been in Prison a long while for three Piasters M. de Thev N. B. They are of late fully reconciled to the Church of Rome F. Simon Doctrines common to all the Eastern Churches 1. THey refuse to own the Bishop of Rome as Universal Bishop 2. They pray for the Dead 3. Yet they deny Purgatory 4. They observe Saturday 5. They abstain from things strangled and Blood Not out of respect to the Mosaic Law but Apostolick Decree and they rebuke us for laying that Decree aside Ludolph The Abyssins also from the shrunk Sinew Lud. 6. They believe not the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son 7. They buy and sell the Sacraments and drive the Bargain with much eagerness 8. The Priests are generally poor and ignorant yet the Patriarch of Abassia is reported by one that describes the River Nilus and the Abass Emp. p. 54. to be excellently skilled in Divine and Humane Learning F. Simon Ludolphus denies it 8 The pure Orientals deny Transubstantiation The Latiniz'd not so 9. They kneel not in their Churches but lean on Crutches or stand 10. They have a Candlestick with three Candles representing the Trinity Another with two Candles to signifie the two Natures of Christ 11. In giving the Blessing they make the sign of the Cross from the right hand to the left 12. Maids shew not themselves before Marriage nor a long time after no not to their Relations and go not to Church for fear of being seen M. de Thev but this is not equally affirmed of all 13. They have four Lents in the Year 1. The first six Weeks before Easter till Easter-day The Muscovites 7 Weeks 2. The second fifteen days before S. Peter and Paul's day 'till that day 3. The third from August the first 'till Assumption-day i. e. fifteen days 4. The fourth from the first Sunday of Advent 'till Christmass-day During the three last Lents they may eat Fish and Oil but in the first neither nor any thing that hath Blood but only Herbs and Shell-fish M. de Thev But I find not this certainly affirm'd of the Abyssins 14. They Fast twice besides in seven days upon the fourth and sixth Holy-day Job Lud. l. 3. The reason of which was by Tzagazaab an Abassian said to be for that the fourt day the murder of Christ was concluded upon and the sixth it was executed according to what many of the Ancients taught But others believe These two fasting-Fasting-days were taken up in imitation of the Ancient Jews Ibid. 15. The Greeks Armenians Russians and other Oriental Christians begin the Year from the Calends of September as supposing that the World was created at the time of the Autumnal Equinoctial Ibid. Their Year consists of Twelve Months each Month hath thirty days To every three years they add five days to every four six days to supply the Solar year So that their Feasts happen on the same days with ours according to the Julian Account The Feast of the Nativity is Celebrated the same day with us viz. Decemb. 25. their 28. ibid. 26. The Grecians Armenians Russians and especially the Abyssinians not only permit their Priests to Marry but soonest prefer the Husbands of Wives insomuch that the nearest way to preferment among them is to Mary Idem l. 3. c. 7. Proper Doctrines and Vsages Baptism Chrism c. Greeks 1. Mysteries viz. Six 1. Baptism viz. 1. They present the Child at the Church-Porch to receive the blessing of the Priest 2. The Priest there
of Homilies for Explication of the Gospel and that is instead of Preaching F. Simon out of Vansleb Most of these Ceremonies are common to other Orientals Maronites 1. They go to Church at midnight to sing their Matins 2. At break of day they say their Lauds 3. Before Mass they say their Teiree after their Sixth 4. Their Nones they sing after Dinner 5. Vespers at Sun-set 6. Their Compline after Supper before bed Every Office is composed of a Preface of two three or more Prayers with a like number of Hymns betwixt them They have proper Offices for Holidays Lent Moveable Feasts c. F. Simon Melchites They have Translated their Greek Euchology or Ritual into Arabic They Paraphrase in their Translations Hence their supposititious Canons of the Council of Nice Muscovites On Sundays and their Festivals they go 3 times to Church Morning Noon and Night and are standing and uncovered at the time of Divine Service They hold no Adultery but Marrying another man's Wife Armenians Their Office is performed in the Armenian Tongue a rough Language and but little known The People have much ado to understand their Liturgy They have the whole Bible Translated into Armenian from the Septuagint since the time of S. John Chrysost F. Simon They have a Service-Book and besides that the chief books amongst them are of Gregorio of Stat used instead of Homilies P. Ric. Esq Christians of S. John Hold Women to be unclean that it is not available for them to go to Church Tavernier Cophties An Appendix When they sing the Passion and come to the mention of Judas all the People cry Arsat i. e. Horned Beast Cuckold When they read of Peter cutting off Malchus's Ear they say Asia boutros i. e. well fare Peter as applauding him for the Act M. de Thev Greeks 2. Fasting THo Greeks have Four Fasts stated and solemn 1. Forty days before Christmas 2. The great Lent before Easter 3. The week after Pentecost grounded on Acts. 13.3 4. The fourth begins Aug. 1. and is a preparatory to the Grand Festival the Assumption of our Lady Besides which Lesser Fasts in keeping of which with distinction of Diets they are very strict and are much offended at the English and others because they neither use Fasting nor reverence the sign of the Cross If a person be sick to Death who with Broth or an Egg might recover they say 't is better to Die than eat and Sin P. Ricaut Esq They abstain from Flesh Butter Cheese Fish eating only Fruits Pulse with a little Wine and Oyl The Monks never taste Wine or Oyl unless on Saturdays or Sundays Wednesdays and Fridays they abstain from Flesh Butter Cheese but eat Flesh I say nothing of their Private Fasts or Lent F. Simon Muscovites They differ little from the Greeks herein having four Lents Yearly during which they eat no Butter Eggs or Milk only the first week serves as Carnaval afterward they eat no Fish but on Sundays Armenians They have many Fasts published on Sundays kept most strictly Account it a sin to eat Hare's Flesh as being an unwholsom unlucky and melancholick creature and the Female Monthly unclean and menstruous P. Ric. Esq They abstain from Blood and the Strangled So scrupulously addicted to Fasts that to hear them speak one would think their whole Religion consisted in Fasting F. Simon They end their Lent on Holy Saturday by eating Butter Cheese Eggs but eat on Flesh till Easter-day M. de Thev Abissins Fasting Days are by none more exactly observ'd Not that they abstain from some meats and gluttonize upon others for that they look upon that as a mockery of Fasting They keep themselves whole days together without either Food or Drink even till Sun-set of the third Evening Others abstain the two Holy-days of the Passion-week The Monks use greater extremities by which means they not only mortify but destroy Besides they Fast twice a Week on the fourth and sixth day Ludolph l. 3. They make their Lent fifty days long Maronites Their Fasts differ much from ours 1. In Lent they eat not till two or three hours before Sun-set 2. Fast not in Ember-week nor Vigils of Saints 3. Eat no Flesh Eggs or Milk on Wednesdays Fridays till Noon Afterward they eat freely 4. Fast 20 days before Christmass Monks longer 5. At the Feast of S. Peter and Paul and the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin they Fast a Fortnight F. Simon Cophties They have four great Fasts 24 Days at Christmass 60 at Lent 31 at Pentecost 15 in August F. Simon Christians of S. Thomas They eat Flesh on Saturdays and if they failed one Day in Lent and Advent they Fasted no more F. Simon Christians of S. John They neither Fast nor do any Penance Taver Greeks 3. Feasting and Rejoycing c. THey begin their Year in September with great Jollity Take a chearful Spirit for a good Omen 1. Easter which is their grand Feast at which time if they meet with their Acquaintance within three days of the Feast they Salute them with these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Christ is risen The Answer is made 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He is risen indeed And so they kiss three times once on each Cheek and on the Mouth and so depart P. Ricaut Upon Easter-Eve the Abyssins Jacobites Georgians Maronites and Greeks at Jerusalem all except the Latines conjoyn in the Celebration of that Imposture of fetching Fire from the Sepulchre the Turks deride yet throng to behold it All the Lamps in Church are extinguish'd when they often compassing the Sepulchre in a joint Procession are fore-run and followed with Savage clamours of the People the Women whistling and frantick behaviours fitter for the Feasts of Bacchus extending their bare Arms with unlighted Tapers At length the chief Bishops approach the Door of the Sepulchre but the Ethiopian Priest first enters without whom they say the Miracle will not fadge who after a long stay returns with the Sacred Fire supposed at his Prayers to burst out of the Sepulchre At this confusedly they fire their Lights and snatching them one from another strive who should convey it into their particular Chapels thrusting the Flame into their Cloaths and Bosoms kindling therewith all their Lamps unlighted with other Fire 'till that Day Twelve-month G. Sandys's Trav. l. 3. The Holy Fire of the Greeks Armenians c. is performed with so much confusion that you would think certainly you were in Hell with a Legion of Devils M. de Thev 2. Of S. John the Abstemious kept only by the Kaloirs and Religious 3. Of S. John the Evangelist's Translation into Heaven grounded upon that Text If I will that he stay c. They tell very fond Stories of their Saints especially Cosma Damianus and S. George For Canonizing of Saints they have testification by 1000 Witnesses and Examination in a full Synod They are very excessive in their Feasts P. Ricaut Armenians The Eve of Holy Cross they go to the
Embassies and Arts Threats and Promises of the Church of Rome their Pastors were prevailed with to make Retractations and submit themselves for a while to the Papal Yoke But they soon started back again and the whole body of the people were never entirely reduced to this day Yet bitterly reproached and spitefully represented to the World and confounded with the Manichees Cathari and the worst of Hereticks on purpose to derive the greater Odium and stroke of Persecution upon them 2. Their Names At first they were called Patarines from a place called Patria or Pataria where upon a difference with their Neighbours they were feign to say Mass by themselves afterwards Subalpini from the Countrey Waldenses from Valles Waldenses from Waldo being an Eminent Man and one that had translated the Scriptures into a Known Tongue and probably many of his disciples joyning themselves to this Church Lions the place of their abode gave them the Name of Poor People of Lions c. Albigenses 3. Their Countrey First Italy and the Countrey of Piedmont Lombardy France and Bohemia whither they fled for shelter in the times of persecution about A. C. 1200. England c. 4. Their Doctrines 1. The Church of Rome is an Assembly of ungodly men not the Church of Christ but the Whore in the Revelation 2. All sins reign in that Church 3. That themselves are the true poor in Spirit who suffer for the Faith c. The True Church of Christ 4. That the Eastern Church doth not value the Church of Rome 5. They despise all Ordinances and Statutes of the Church as being too many and burdensom 6. The Prelates are the Scribes and Pharisees 7. None in the Church ought to be greater than other 8. None ought to kneel to a Priest See thou do it not Rev. 9. Tythes are not to be given to Priests nor the Clergy ought not to enjoy any Temporal Possessions Prebends Regalia c. 10. Neither Land nor People ought to be divided into Parishes 11. They condemn Monasteries all the Sacraments of the Church of Rome 12. They were against Swearing c. But these are accounted to us by Authors of the Roman Church with so much malice and confusion that 't is not easie to believe any of their Reports They had indeed a mixture of Error with their substantial Truths which is capable of Apology 5. Their Conduct of Life They were orderly and modest in their manners and behaviour avoiding all Pride in their Habits wearing neither very rich Cloaths nor over mean and ragged ones they kept up no Trade to avoid Lies Swearing and Deceit but only lived by the Labour of their hands as Handy-crafts men and Day-labourers and their Teachers were Weavers and Tailors they did not heap up Riches but were content with Necessaries they were also very Chast sparing and very temperate in Eating and Drinking not frequenting Taverns or Ale-houses nor going to Balls or other Vanities abstaining from Anger when they workt they either Learned or Taught and therefore Prayed but little They Hypocritically went to Church Offered Confessed Communicated and heard Sermons to catch the Preacher in his Words Observe this Character is given them by an Adversary an Inquisitor who wrote in the 14th Century In like manner their Women were very modest avoiding Back-biting Foolish Jesting and levity of Words and abstaining especially from lies and swearing not so much as making use of the common Asseverations In truth for certain c. 6. Their Worship and Behaviour from the afore-said Anthor They kneel down upon the ground before a bench or the like and continue thus in all their Prayers in silence as long as one might repeat a Pater-Noster 30 or 40 times and conclude their Prayers by repeating the word Amen several times and this they do every day very Reverently amongst those of their own Perswasion without the company of any Strangers before noon after noon and at night when they go to bed besides some other times as well in the day morning and at night they say teach nor have any other Prayer besides Our Father They do not look on the Salutation of the Angel to be a Prayer nor the Apostle's Creed and say that these were introduced by the Church of Rome not by Christ However they have drawn up a short draught of the seven Articles concerning the Godhead and as many concerning the Human Nature the Ten Commandmants and the seven Works of Mercy which they say and teach and boast much of them and readily offer themselves to Answer to any one that demands of them a reason of their Faith Before they set themselves down to Table they bless it saying Bless the Lord. Lord have mercy upon us Christ have mercy upon us Lord have mercy upon us Our Father c. After which the Eldest of the Company saith in the Vulgar Tongue God who blessed the 5 barley Loaves and 2 Fishes in the Desart before his Disciples bless this Table and that which is upon it and then make the sign of the Cross in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost Amen And when they rise from Table after Dinner or Supper they give Thanks thus the Eldest in the Vulgar Tongue repeating the Doxology set down in the Revelation Blessing and Glory and Wisdom and Thanksgiving Honour Power and Might be ascribed to God alone for ever and ever Amen And then adds God render a good reward and a plentiful return to all those who are our Benefactors and the God who hath given us Corporal food vouchsafe us also the Life of his Spirit and God be with us and we with him always Amen Also when they bless the Table and when they return Thanks they fold their Hands together and lift them up towards Heaven And after Dinner and they have returned Thanks and Prayed as before they Preach Teach and Exhort according to their way and Doctrine They who would know more may read Archbishop Vsher Morland Dr. Allix out of whom I have in great hast Extracted this short Account rather to give an edg than satisfy the Appetite of my Readers Place these Two Leaves before the 2d Part. THE HISTORY OF ALL RELIGIONS In the World c. PART II. 1. Knowledge of God Jewish MAimonides acknowledges God to be incorporeal and incomprehensible Dr. Tenison Esdras appointed the People to meet three times a week to be taught the Law because in the desart of Sur they wandered three days without water i. e. the Law Ross Christians S. Augustine was inflamed with a desire of Wisdom by reading Ciccro's Hortensius That Book saith he changed my Affections and turned my Prayers to thy self O Lord and made an alteration in my wishes and desires All vain hope grew low in my esteem on a suddain and I long'd for the Immortality of Wisdom with an incredible heat of mind How did I burn my God how did I burn with a desire to fly from Earthly things to thee and I knew
c. 7. Christians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For how saith St. Chrysoston is it not Absurd that a Servant should not dare to call his Master by name or bluntly and ordinarily to mention him yet that we slightly and contemptuously should in our Mouth toss about the Lord of Angels How is it not Absurd if we have a Garment better than the rest that we forbear to use it continually but in the most slight and common way to wear the Name of God Dr. Barrow 's Sermon How grievous Indecency is it at every turn to Summon our Maker and call down Almighty God from Heaven to attend our Pleasure to vouch our idle Prattle to second our giddy Passions to concern his Truth Justice Power in our trivial Affairs Idem What Presumption is it with unhallowed Breath to vent and toss that Great and Glorious Holy and Reverend Fearful and terrible Name of the Lord our God the Great Creator the Mighty Sovereign the Dreadful Judge of all the Word what Name which all Heaven with profoundest Submission doth adore which the Angelical Powers the Brightest and Purest Seraphim without hiding their Faces and reverential Horrour cannot utter or hear the very thought whereof should strike an awe through our Hearts the mention whereof should make any Sober Man to tremble Idem A good Man should 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and exhibit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Idem ex Clem. Al. Strom. 7. c. Chrysostom preach'd many Sermons to the People of Antioch against Swearing but they being weary of the Subject ask'd when he would leave off Preaching To whom he answered When you leave off Swearing Would you have the Plaister taken away before the Wound be cured Calamy a Fast-Sermon The best way to attest the Truth of what is spoken is to call God to Witness this is the Form of Swearing which we Christians use Athan. Apol. ad Constant. Imp. St. Chrysostom saith It was customary to come into the Church and to Swear upon the Communion-Table taking the Holy Gospels into their hands Dr. Cave St. Basil exhorts them that had Sworn rashly or in unlawful cases to Repentance appoints Perjured Persons Banishment from Communion eleven Years Idem Vegetius de Re Milit. l. 1. a Heathen Author living in the time of Valentinian Jun. sets down this as the Military Oath of the Christians By God Christ and the Holy Spirit and the Majesty of the Emperor Idem Novatus taking his Followers Hands wherein they held the Sacramental Elements caused them to Swear by the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ that they would not desert him Euseb Pope Pius appointed forty days Penance with Bread and Water and seven Years following for a Perjured Person that was Free three Forties or Lents Penance and lawful Holy-days for him that was bound Carrauz Decr. Pii Pap. If any Swear by God's Hair or Head if in Orders let him be deposed if a Lay-man Excommunicated c. Idem ibid. Dr. Taylor to the Bishop of London degrading him When the Bishop according to the Formality should have struck him on the Breast with his Crozier and his Chaplains disswaded him from it because he would strike again Yes said he by St. Peter will I for it is the Cause of Christ And again to Mr. Bradford the same Doctor relating the Story told him I have fâ—ightned the Bishop of London for that his Chaplains thought I would have struck him and by my Troth quoth he rubbing his hands I made him believe I would do so indeed Fox's Martyrol Papists Bishop Bonner swore frequently by God by St. Mary by St. Augustine by the Blessed Sacrament Allhallows by my Faith Troth Ibid. Common Swearing among the Papists a venial Sin Aug. de Clavasio Mahometans Vallahi or Tallahi i. e. by God a usual Form of Swearing among the Mahomitans About ten years ago an Arabian well known to me Ahmed Ibn Ali a Suliensian was reproved by the Famous Golius for Swearing took it well and gave thanks for reducing him from that Pernicious and Damnable Custom Hottinger Ancient Heathens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An Oath is a most dreadful thing Arist Reverence an Oath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pythag. aur Carm. The best way of observing an Oath is if you neither use it frequently nor rashly nor in common matters nor for the amplification of Speech nor confirmation of a Relation but in things necessary and solemn and when there is no other way to procure Credit c. Hierocl in Curm Pyth. vid. Isocr ad Demonic Sect. 30. With the Scythians the Swearer's Punishment was loss of his Estate with the Persians Bondage with the Grecians cutting off the Ears with the Romans throwing down a steep Rock Anon. With the English now Payment of one Shilling Praying unto God Jews THE Jews in Barbary resort to Prayer thrice every day in their Oratories 1. At Sun-rising for two hours together which is called Tephillah Sabarit or Morning Prayer 2. About three a clock in the Afternoon which is called Tephillah Minscha or Evening Prayer 3. After Sun-set which is Tephillah arvit or Night Prayer These two last Services are not both of them above an hour long Dr. Addison They pray also to the Angels in their Retirements for the necessary Evacuations of their Body thus Most Holy and most Glorious Ministers of the most High I beseech you keep preserve and help me wait till I come in and go out for this is the Custom and way of all Men. Idem There is an Univesal Agreement among them that they ought every day to say over a hundred Benedictions viz. At washing in the Morning 23 at entrance into the Synagogue six at putting on the Zizith one at putting on the Tephillim one at every one of the three Offices in the Synagogue eighteen three after Dinner two before Night at going to sleep two and as many at Dinner and Supper Idem The Pharisees spent one quarter of the day in Prayer Dr. Hall Christians St. James the Just went daily to the Church and there kneeling on the Pavement prayed so that his Knees became hard and brawny as Camels Dr. Cave out of Euseb Nazianzen saith his Mother Gorgonia prayed so oft that her Knees were hard and did as it were stick to the Ground Idem The Barking of Dogs the Bellowing of Oxen the Grunting of Hogs pleaseth God better than the Canting of Luxuriant Clergy-men Hibernic ex August Thou didst afflict me with Pain of the Teeth and when it was so great that I could not speak it came into my Mind to admonish all my Friends present to Pray for me unto the God of all Health And I wrote this in Wax and gave it to them to be read As soon as we had kneeled down the Pain went away I was amazed I confess my Lord my God for I had never found any thing like it in all my Life August l. 9. Conf. c. 4. Constantine the Great caused his Image in all his
Pagod and walking from one end to the other pray again them strip stark naked shew their privy Parts to their Gods striking them with their hands then call for Water to wash themselves in the Face of the Congregation Ibid. Jews and Greeks Neither Jews nor Greeks use the posture of Kneeling in Prayer Praising of Him Singing Psalms c. Jews THE Jews at the pronouncing of Holy Holy Lord God of Sabaoth jump up three times They begin their publick Service with the Psalms Ps 3.7 c. Dr. Addison Christians S. Augustine saith We have the Precept and Example of our Saviour and his Apostles for singing in our Assemblies And he saith The custom of Churches were very different about this Matter In the Churches of Africa he saith They confined themselves to the Prophetical Hymns for which they were upbraided by the Donatists as too grave and formal But he allows Singing for one of the Solemn Parts of Divine Service with which he joyns Reading of Lessons Preaching and Prayer either aloud by the Bishop or in common by the Deacons giving notice Dr. Stilling Orig. Sacr. Pliny reports it l. 10. Ep. 97. as the main part of the Christians Worship that they met together before Day to joyn in singing Hymns to Christ as God Dr. Cave Concerning Singing see more in Dr. Burnet's History of the Reformation Fox's Martyrol Dr. Jackson's Notes on the O. T. Calvin's Instit Strabo Walafride The Christian's Companion c. Chrysostom saith That one may be said to sing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 though all sing after him so that the Voice comes as it were from one Mouth Hom. 36. in 1 Ep. ad Cor. p. 487. Athanasius commanded the Deacon to read the Psalm and the People to answer For his Mercy endureth for ever Apol. de Fug p. 717. Sozomen saith They who were skilful were Praecentors and that the multitude 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 l. 5. c. 19. In the constitutions Apostol 't is adjoyned that one should sing the Psalms of David and that the People should sing after the ends of the Verses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 l. 2. c. 57. S. Basil saith In his time they did 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And then permitting one to begin the Melody 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ep. 63. ad Cler. Neoc S. Austine speaking of the time when he was Baptized of Milain concludes thus How much did I weep at thy Hymns and Songs being sharply moved with the sweet Melody of thy Church Those words flowed into my Ears and thy Truth melted into my heart and thence bubbled up an Affection of Piety and my Tears run and I was well-pleased therewith l. Conf. 9. c. 6 7. How the same S. Augustine was passionately moved to Grief and Indignation against the Manichees in reading the fourth Psalm v. l. Conf. 9. c. 4. wishing that they might have been privately present to have seen him reading himself not knowing that they were present c. And how also he was angry with himself for past Faults and all others that loved Vanity Theodosius Junior rising early every Morning together with his Sisters interchangeably sung Psalms of Praise Dr. Cave S. Hierom speaking not of the Universal Church in Solemn Assemblies but what the Companies of solitary Virgins are wont to do of their own accord saith In the Morning at 3 6 9 a Clock at Evening and at Mid-night they sing Psalms only on Sundays they went into the Church Bullinger's Decads Sometimes they had Dances in their Churches and Chapels of the Martyrs Theodor. l. 3. c. 22. Praise Thanksgiving Protestants THE Protestants in England and Holland and Germany in some places use Organs In the Canton of Bern they use Trumpets in singing Psalms Conr. Werndly Liturg. Tigur The Lutherans in Swedeland c. have Organs and Bells in all their Churches Mangi The Sick here vow to offer their Blood to their Idols if they recover to which also they Sacrifice Rams with black Heads which with spiced Drinks they eat with singing and dancing Pâ—â—quet broke open Vol. 2. Cathay The Tartars here place their Idols at the entrance of their Tents and to them they offer the primitiae of Milk Meat Drink and the Hearts of Beasts all which they place before their Silken and Felt-Gods all Night and eat in the Morning Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Tunquin The King of Tunquin after the Solemnities of his Inauguration takes his time to go and give thanks to his false Deities for his coming to the Crown when the Moon first changes shutting himself up for the first Week with the Bonzes and living in common with them with a great deal of Frugality During which time he visits the Hospitals gives orders for the building a Pagod c. Tavern Col. of Relat. c. Armenians The Armenians sing and play on Cymbals while the Communion is Administred D. of Holst Amb. Travels p. 208. After Dinner they go to Church where they sing certain Hymns Tavern l. 1. c. 4. p. 18. Mahometans After Perfuming of their Head Beard and Turbant with a Fumigation of Lignum Aloes the Mahometans lift up their hands on high and cry Elmendela i. e. Thanks be to God Tavern Acâ—â—et VIII Emperor of the Turks upon Tidings of a Peace made with the Christians at Buda with a number of Janizaries and others in great Magnificence went to the Church to give thanks to his Prophet Mahomet Knolls p. 1269. Moors The Moors about Fez On the finishing a work or Journey say Ham der illah i. e. Thanks be unto God Morden Geogr. The Mahometans at perfuming their Beards cry Illemed Illah i.e. God be thanked Tavernier When they meet a Friend upon the Road they say El ham dillah al salam tipsi i. e. God be praised that I see thee well Idem Among the Moors some of their Religious Santoes much more horrible than the Dervises clothed as the Dancers and have Felt-caps as they pray oftener viz. On Tuesdays and Thursdays about 10 or 11 a Clock at Night All meet at the call of him who goes to the Tower sing some Verses of the Alconan which they often repeat so that they have enough to last them till day clapping hands playing on Drums and such Instruments About the middle of their Singing they rise upright and put themselves into a ring one behind another he who is chief sings some Prayers aloud the rest answer Allah i. e. God making at every time a low bow and this with such straining without intermission and such bending of their Body that they look like Men Possess'd especially at the latter end when the Drum beats faster and the rest say Allah to every stroke of the Drum so that they foam like mad-dogs some void Blood at the Mouth This lasts about half an hour but towards the end they say nothing hut Hou i. e. He as wanting strength to say Allah Then they rest sing other Prayers and towards the end start up again and begin their sweet
Musick and this three times I have often been stunned with this at Rusetto In their Processions you always see some of these Fools foaming at the Mouth and with Eyes shut pronouncing the word Hou having a man on each side to support them from falling and they who can keep longest in that ecstasy are the greatest Saints M. de Theven Americans The Americans used to sing the Devil's Praises to dance about Fires which they made in honour of him Rosse In Virginia they Worshiped with Praying Singing and Offerings and Dancing about Fires with Howling and Rattles beating the ground with Stones Offering of Tobacco Deer-suet and Blood on the Altars Idem French Protestants Dutch c. I have observed before that the Protestants of France the Germans and they of Zurick and Switzerland are noted for their pleasant singing of Psalms which is to be imputed generally to the care taken in setting them to School to Learn singing by Notes as well as Reading and methinks their example might provoke us to emulation herein The time and mony would be better spent by Parents and Children than in some of those little Fancies which our Gentry account Breeding It would look more like a Masculine and Christian Prudence to consecrate our joy and Musick to the purposes of Religion the Beauty of Holiness and the Honour of our Maker and Redeemer than to spend as we commonly do all our stock of Art and Mirth upon sensual Amours and Entertainments And to make this exercise more smooth and melodious let every one learn to read and carry his book with him to Church and let the Psalms be notified as in the Palatinate on the Church-door before-hand or else the Congregation accustomed to a certain small number of Psalms which the people may as easily get without Book as the Maids and Children do Ballads and Penny-Songs And tho I have often pleaded for the Lawfulness and even usefulness of Organs yet methinks since they suppose a weakness and want of help for that Devotion and Vocal is commonly preferred before Instrumental Musick I could wish our Vocal might be so sweet and excellent if possible as to shame all Organs out of Churches Abassines I had almost forgot to have mentioned the Abassines here who as I have said before have in their Festival Solemnities their Singing Priests Cymbals Morrice-bells Kettle-drums Singing and Dancing and Skipping as if they would make the Floor ring again and clapping Hands to the God of Jacob. See the Greeks Feasting Fear of God alone Jews THE Old Testament gives us several Examples of the Jewish Zeal in this respect which I shall not trouble my self to enumerate in this place So doth the Apocrypha especially the story of the seven Sons Josephus also seems to bid pretty fair for a consideration under this head I mean him whom Vespasian carryed along with him Captive from Palestine and who is the author of the History of the Jewish wars But as for the Modern Jews I have little to say to their own master they stand or fall Christians Cyprian commends Cornelius for taking the Bishoprick of Rome upon him when Decius the Emperour had threaten'd heavy severities to the Christian Ministers and would sooner endure a Corrival in the Empire than a Bishop at Rome Maris Bishop of Chalcedon to Julian the Apostate upbraiding him with his blindness I thank God saith he who hath taken away my sight that I might not behold such a wretch as thou art Vettius Epagathus desiring leave to plead the Christians cause seeing them dragg'd before the Judgment seat was thereupon seized himself by the president Dr. Cave Poland In Poland the Gentlemen and Nobility when the Gospel is read in the Churches draw their swords in token that they are ready to defend it with their lives S. Clark Muscovites One Juan Neronou a Protopope of Casauskey not long since began to inveigh against the honour done to Images charging those who did worship colours and wood with Idolatry But the Patriarch soon degraded him and shut him up in a Monastery upon the river Wolga D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. They tell of one Sudatworets Philip Metropolite who lived in the reign of the Tyrant John Basilouits and grew famous for the remonstrances he made to that Prince of his wicked life the Tyrant troubled thereat sent him into a Monastery from Moscou but from thence he made his pen do what his tongue could not and from time to time represented the Judgments of God to the eyes of the Great Duke so pressingly that the other not able to endure any longer sent one of his servants to strangle him the Executioner found him ready enough to dye with this desire only that instead of strangling with a Cord he would run him with a knife into the heart which he accordingly did The Monks of the Monastery put him into the Catalogue of Holy Martyrs Idem Heavenly-Mindedness Jews NEither can I here give the Modern Jews any Panegyrick their garments seem rather to smell of the field and their devotions appear too gross and scandalous and their lives spotted with covetousness and as to the ancient Jews the history of them is so full and authentick in sacred scripture that to repeat it over here were but Actum agere Only this I must needs confess by their hundred benedictions which they are to rehearse every day as for the Crowing of the Cock the appearance of the morning the putting on their Clothes washing themselves eating drinking for every particular dish brought to table c. they seem to aim at a perpetual and constant Tenor of Devotion and if it be more than washing the outside of the platter 't is well but this is certain their hopes creep upon the Ground and to this day they expect a Messiah that shall restore the Terrene Kingdom to Israel Christian Nazianzen saith his sister Gorgonia did not more seem to be good then really strive to be so that she left nothing to the Prince of this World but transferr'd all into the safe Treasuries above leaving nothing to the Earth but her body changing all for the hopes of a better life bequeathing no other Riches to her children but an excellent Pattern in laud. Gorg. Orat. 11. Domitian the Emperor enquiring and upon search finding out the Nephews of Judas the brother of our Lord of the Race and Posterity which he desired to extirpate ask'd what possessions they had They told him they had between them 39 Acres of Land to the value of about 9000 Pence out of which they paid him Tribute and maintain'd themselves with their own hard labour shewing him their hard and callous hands Then asking further of Christ and his Kingdom They answered his Empire was not of this World but Heavenly and Angelical to take place at the end of the world when he should come with Glory to Judg both Quick and Dead c. Whereupon the Emperor despising them on account of their meanness let
them go without any severity shewed to them Euseb l. 3. c. 20. Origen refusing the maintenance of others Sold his Books to one that was to allow him four Oboli a day the day he spent in laborious exercises and tasks the most part of the Night in study always remembring that of our Saviour not to have two coats nor to wear shoes nor anxiously to care for the morrow Clemens Alex. speaks against Ivory Hafts or garnished with Silver Ivory-Tables Lamps of the Goldsmiths making and Ivory Bed or Couch Purple Carpets c. Paedag. l. 2. c. 3. Give us this day our daily bread i. e. saith Gregory Nyssen not Delicacies Riches Purple Vestures Golden Ornaments Pearls Jewels Silver Vessels Marble Pillars Silk Carpets Choirs of Musick c. Renounce the Devil and all his works the pomps and pleasures c. i. e. The sights and sports of the Theatre and such like Vanities Cyril Tertullian tells his Adversaries all the Plagues God sent in this World could not hurt them because they had no other concernment in this world but as soon as they could to get out of it Ap. c. 41. Hierom tells of Marcella that she lived so as always believing she should immediately die and never put off her Garments but it put her in mind of her Grave and Winding-sheet Tertullian tells of a Christian Woman possessed by the Devil at the Theatre and being asked how the durst enter into a Christian Woman He made Answer that he found her on his own ground Papists S. Francis renounced the World and when a Priest to whom he offered it would not take his Mony he cast it away and enter'd into a Vow of perpetual Poverty Baker's Chron. S. Francis Sales speaking of Cordial and Mental Prayer adviseth thus Begin all thy Prayers mental or Vocal with the presence of God keep this Rule without exception and in short time thou wilt perceive what profit thou shalt reap by it And again having finished saith he this mental Prayer take heed lest thou give thy heart a jog lest thou spill the Balm which thou hast received c. keep thy self silent for some time and fair and softly remove thy Heart from thy Prayers to thy worldly business Introd to a Devout Life Frequency and Diligence at Church Jews BEfore the Sun go down the Women kindle their Sabbatarian Lights which is an old Custom observed by Persius Satyr 5. The reason is because the first Woman extinguish'd the Light of Man by her Disobedience Rosse The Jews make haste to the Synagogue but go backward and slowly home Dr. Addison In Jerusalem are said to have been 480 Synagogues Purchas The Jews are rather too Precise in their Preparation for the Synagogue than too Remiss they Pray in order thereto betimes in the Morning for the earlier the Orison they think the more acceptable to God 'T is their common saying In Winter they raise the day in Summer the day raises them Some rise early every Morning to lament the Ruins of Jerusalem It is a general Tradition among them Heaven-gates are shut up at night after midnight they are opened and the noise of opening them awakens the Cocks and the Cock ought to awaken us to Prayers by his crowing and in their publick Liturgy they give thanks for this good Office of the Cock On Sabbath-mornings they creep under the Counterpane when they put on their Shifts that the beams of the House may not be privy to their Nakedness Before they go to the Synagogues at leaving their Apartments they bow their Heads moderately in Lamentation for the Temple They use all needful Evacuations they wash make haste to the Synagogue Dr. Addison Christians Chrysostom Hom. 56. Tom. 1. saith of the Church at Antioch that they would set aside all Affairs at home to come and hear Sermons at Church That it was the Honour of the City not their rich Suburbs brave Houses and gilded Dining-rooms but a diligent and attentive People that it was his great Encouragement to see such a famous and chearful Concourse a People so well ordered and desirous to hear Dr. Cave Origen in his Sermons reproved no fault so much as Absence from Church The Primitive Christians had several Sermons in the same Church Morning and Afternoon The Swedes have three Services every Sunday The Switzers likewise a daily Sermon Jacobites The Jacobites in Socotera Island have Altars in their Churches which they enter not but stand in the Porch Rosse Armenians The Bells all rang about midnight and every one rose to go to Church I believe it was more than usual because it was Shrove-tide for both the Office and the Missa were concluded before break of day Saith M. Tavernier concerning the Armenians in the Convent of St. Stephen's l. 1. c. 4. p. 18. Lutherans The Protestants in the Palatinate have two Sermons on Sunday and every first Wednesday of the Month one Heathens At Hierapolis none who had look'd upon a dead Corps or in whose House any had died might be admitted into the Temple for thirty days Rosse out of Lucian In Siam every King of the Country is bound to erect a Temple with high Steeples and a multitude of Idols Idem At Jagrenate in India is a great Pagod where the Arch-Bramin keeps his Residence wherein is a great Idol called Resora with two Diamonds for his Eyes and one about his Neck the least of which weighs about forty Carats Bracelets about his Arms sometimes of Pearls sometimes of Rubies The Revenues of which Pagod are sufficient to feed 15 or 20000 Pilgrims every day which is a number often seen there that Pagod being the greatest place of Devotion in all India it maintains above 20000 Cows That which makes it so Rich is the vast Alms that are continually bestowed by so incredible a Multitude as comes from all parts Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 9. Greeks The Greeks in Cyprus upon Sundays and Holy-days rise between one and two of the clock in the Morning to sing Matins for which purpose there is a Clerk that goes from Door to Door and knocks with a Hammer to wake the People and then cries out with a loud Voice Christians go to Church Tavernier l. 2. c. 6. p. 81. They seem to me scarcely excusable from a Capital Sin that build or adorn Churches and Monasteries with immoderate Expences when so many living Temples of Christ are Poor c. Erasmus Muscovites The Muscovites go thrice to Church on Sundays and Festivals to Mattins Sasterim before day to the Obedny at noon to Vespers or Wadschemi in the Evening They stand all the Service-time or kneel incessantly bowing before the Images c. Whereas in my former Impression of these Travels I said that in the City and Suburbs of Moscou there were above 1500 Churches and Chappels and John Lewis Godfrey Author of the Archontologia Cosmica thinks that number incredible I must needs acknowledge that I was much mistaken and now affirm for certain
Titus Vespasian came against them to Jerusalem rather than prophane their Festival they exposed themselves unanimously to the danger of the Enemy Private Persons among them as one here in England falling into a Jakes on the sabbath-Sabbath-day have through an obstinate Perseverance in their Superstition run the hazard of their lives Christians Victorinus a Rhetorician at Rome a Man of great Note and Fame who had obtained the honour of a publick Statue but a zealous Pagan upon reading Scripture turn'd Christian which he told privately to Simplician who would not believe him unless he would testifie it also in the Publick Church To which at first he answered with some scorn What! Are they then the Walls that make a Christian Afterwards becoming sensible of his Fault and gathering courage afraid lest Christ should deny him if he should refuse to confess Him came to Simplician and said Come let us go into the Church and I will now become a Christian. He did so and was Instructed and Baptized and being to make the accustomed Confession the Ministers offered him the liberty of Privacy as to those who were of a bashful temper which he refused making Confession before all the People Aug. Conf. l. 8. c. 2. One Blandina in the French Persecution under Aurelius a good Woman yet of whom the Church was afraid how she should hold out because of the tenderness of her Body and Education when she came to it though plied from Morning 'till Night with all kind of Racks and Tortures she bore up with invincible Courage refreshing her self ever and anon with these words I am a Christian and no Evil is done by us Her Tormentors gave over and wondered That a Body so broken should be able to breath The Britains in the time of Austin the Monk would not renounce their Hen Fydh old Faith counting Popery an Innovation then and therefore stoutly resisted all that Austin said Th. Jones of Oswestree John Rodolph Stadler a Clock-Maker of Zurik who had been five Years in the King of Persia's Service and growing weary of being so long among Infidels was desirous to return into his own Countrey but desiring his Majesty's leave had 400 Crowns promised him to stay two Years longer But this prevail'd not for he got the German Ambassadors to interceed for him In the mean time his House was broke open in the night and the Thief kill'd for which he was Condemned to dye with this proviso That if he would be circumcised and turn Mussulman he should be pardon'd Most of the Lords sollicited him very much to change his Religion at least in shew and for a time and promised him advantages Twice he was brought to the place of Execution in the Maidau in hopes the horrour of death would oblige him to renounce but his constancy could not be shaken He told them that the King's favour should never make him lose that which Jesus Christ had done for him in redeeming him from Eternal death by his blood c. The Augustine Monks and Carmelites endeavour'd all they could to make him profess himself Roman Catholick but all in vain at last he was delivered up to the Relations of the Deceased and at 3 blows struck down to the ground 1637 D. of Holst Emb. Trav. p. 208. and M. Tavernier l. 5. c. 4. Armenians M. Tavernier cites several examples of the constancy of the Armenians in maintaining their Religion against the persecutions of the Mahometans as of one that went to the Cadi saying Sir you know that some years since I turn'd Mahometan now I come to declare before you that I have repented of denying the Saviour of the world and embracing your wicked law proceeding to blaspheme Mahomet for which he was cut in pieces l. 4. c. 14. Mahometans A Gentleman of Quality and a servant to the Mogul would needs be baptized and become a Christian whereupon the King sent for him and by promises and threats strongly attempted to turn him again to Mahometanism for a tryal of his constancy but he replied to the Mogul that he was most willing to suffer any thing in that cause that the King could inflict and as for the rewards proffered he would not accept of any thing to forsake his said Religion whereupon the Mogul wondering at his constancy told him that if he could have frighted him or brought him from his new Profession he would have made him an example for all Waverers but perceiving his resolution with a reward dismissed him Anonyn Author of the Manners of Indolstan c. Observation of the Lord's Day or Sabbath Jews IN the days of Mattathias Father of Judas Maccabeus 1000 were murdered without resistance 'till by him they were better advised Before that time Ptolomey captivated Jerusalem and the Jews both by this advantage viz. their superstitious strictness in observing the Sabbath So did Pompey afterwards They cavilled with our Saviour's Disciples for plucking and rubbing a few Ears of Corn on that day when they were hungry A Jew fell into a Privy at Maidenburg 1270. on the Sabbath and another at Tewksbury 1220. and were the one by the Bishop of the place the other by the Earl of Glooester constrained to abide the Christian Sabbath the latter of them died in his stinking Superstitious Devotion They Fasted that Day 'till Noon their Sabbath-days Journey was not above 2000 Paces by the Institution of Barachibas Simeon and Hellis Rabbins The Sacrifices and accustomed Rites of the Sabbath are mentioned Num. 28. Lev. 23 24. where we may read That the daily Burnt-Offering and Meat-Offering and Drink-Offering were doubled on the Sabbath and the Shew-bread renewed c. Sam. Purchas Theolog. Disq of Asia Africa c. Dr. Addison tells us That amongst the Jews in Barbary every Sabbath is observed with three Feasts and four Offices that all the Afternoon of Friday is usually taken up in Preparation as washing trimming pairing the Nails whetting the Knives c. the Office of the Sabbath-arrit Eve is very long They have Garments designed only for the honour of the Sabbath for which they urge Isa 58.13 Thou shalt honour Him And how canst thou do it in thy every days vile Habit They excite their Devotion by repeating such Sentences as these Prepare to keep the Sabbath and rest from all the Work Provide the choicest Diet for the Day Prepare good Wine Flesh and Fish Speak nothing but what may cause Mirth If all things necessary are provided thou art Praise-worthy Come with a good appetite Cover the bed decently A certain Rabbi saith That he who merrily passeth the Sabbath hath whatsoever he will ask of God as it is written Delight thou in the Lord and he shall give thee thy hearts desire They sleep a good part of the Sabbath morning and much indulge their Genius on that day observing strictly three Banquets They are forbid to fast longer than the sixth hour because thou shalt call the Sabbath a delight He that purposely fasts on the
Sabbath must fast the next day after to do Penance After Dinner the Rabbies have thought fit to study or read sacred Writ because say they the Sabbath once complained to God for lack of a Meet Companion and God answered Israel shall be thy Companion for on the Sabbath they shall learn the Law c. Dr. Addison Esseans The Esseans are more severe than any other in observing the Sabbath for they do not only abstain from dressing of meat which they dress the Evening before that day but also they may not remove any Vessel out of its place nor satisfie the necessities of nature Josephus de Bell. Jud. l. 2. c. 7. The Talmud expresly speaks for no other Reason was the Temple at Jerusalem destroyed but because the Jews observed not the Sabbath aright Though a Man have an hundred Maids or the command of a Thousand Servants yet he himself ought with his own hands to do something in honour of the Sabbath and so we read in the Talmud that Rabbi Casdam cut the Pot-herbs R. Joseph clave the Wood R. Sira kindled the fire R. Nachman swept the House and covered the Table Dr. Addison Present State of the Jews in Barb. Christians The first Observation of the Christian Sabbath was more by the Providence and Design of God than the Apostles own Inclination Joh. 20.19 The second was performed volutarily Joh. 20.26 So afterwards upon the Day of Pentecost being the first day Act. 2.1 Act. 20.7 Rev. 1.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Just. Mart. Apol. 2. Countrey work about Husbandry Vintage Sowing Mowing Threshing c. is prohibited by the Council of Arles Conc. 3. Can. 21. Fasting is forbid Conc. Caesar August Vid. Carrauz Sum. p. 119. S. Augustine declares himself frequently against Dancing on the Lord's Day Hearing or pleading of Causes on the Lord's Day is prohibited apud Gratian. Adrian p. c. 15. q. 4. item Conc. Eph. Conc. Tarracon c. Judges Riding to Assizes is reproved very gravely by Gattaker in his Sermon called God's Parley with Princes p. 13. Concerning God's Judgments upon Sabbath-Breakers see Mr. Mayer on the Church-Catechism also the Practice of Piety and my Book called The Christian's Companion The whole Week is Sanctified by this Day and according to my care of this is my Blessing on the Rest Dr. Hall To the same purpose Judge Hale remark'd upon himself That according to his Devotion on the Lord's Day he prospered in his Affairs the Week following Modern Heathens I came to the place where my Company Encamped they waited only for a Billet from the Customer to be gone but it could not be had that Day because it was Friday and the Customer who was a Mahometan observed that Day with great exactness M. de Thev Travels into the Indies l. 3. p. 77. In Guinea The Heathens forbear on their Sabbath which is Thursday Fishing and Husbandry and the Palm-Wine that is got that day must not be sold but offered to the King who bestows it on the Courtiers to drink at Night View of the Engl. Acqu in Guin and the E. Ind. On this Day in the Market-place on a Table three yards high whose flat cover is made of straw and reeds interwoven they place many Rings which they call Festiloes or Gods and within them set Wheat Water and Oil for their Gods whom they imagine devour it Ibid. Discipline Jews THe Jews still enjoyn Circumcision under its old Penalty Gen. 17. viz. Cutting off Yet they are not peremptory about the precise time viz. Eight days after the birth I knew one Jacob Israel Belgara born in Spain coming afterwards to Barbary 1667 Circumcised in the 40th year of his Age. Dr. Addison Christians I called to mind a passage of a Letter of Cornelius that was Bishop of Rome after the middle of the Third Century preserved by Eusebius in his 6th Book ch 43. There were 46 Presbyters 7 Deacons 7 Subdeacons 94 of the inferiour Orders of the Clergy among them also 1500 Widows and other Poor maintained out of the publick Charities Dr. Burnet's Letters When Philip the Emperor would have gone into Church on Easter-Eve to Prayers the Bishop of the place would by no means suffer it till he had made Confession of his Sins and passed thro' the Order of Penitents being guilty of great sins and the Emperor very willingly submitted to it Euseb l. 6. Some think this was rather Philip Governor in Egypt Theodosius the Great for his barbarous Slaughter of the Thessalonians was by S. Ambrose suspended brought to publick Confession forced a severe Penance for eight Months together Prostrations in the Church tearing off his Hair beating his Forehead watering his Cheeks with Tears c. crying out as David My Soul cleaveth unto the dust quicken thou me according to thy word After which he was Absolved and restored to Communion Theodor. H. Eccl. l. 5. c. 15. A Publick Penitentiary an Holy grave Presbyter was appointed to take Confessions of those sins which persons had committed after Baptism and by Prayers Fastings Mortifications to prepare them for Absolution This continued some hundreds of years till Abrogated by Nectarius S. Chrysostom's Predecessor in Constantinople upon occasion of a Woman complaining that during her time of Penitent Exercises in the Church she was tempted to Folly by a Deacon This was done by the Advice of Eudemon most Bishops following his Example Dr. Cave The Clergy of Venice have a very extraordinary sort of Exemption and are a sort of a Body like a Presbytery independent of the Bishop The Curates are chosen by the Inhabitants of every Parish and no Noble Venetian is suffered to pretend to any Curacy thinking it below their Dignity There is a sort of Association among the Curates for Judging of their common concerns and some of the Laity of the several Parishes assist in those Courts so that here is a real Presbytery Dr. Burnet's Letters I wondred at two Discourses that I heard at one Church in Milan at the same time in the Afternoon for there were two Bodies of Men set down in different places of the Church all covered and two Lay-Men in ordinary Habits were entertaining them with Discourses of Religion in a Catechistical Stile These were Confrairies and those were some of the more Devout that instructed the rest This as I never saw any where else so I do not know whether it is peculiar to Milan or not Idem Cathay The Tartars here punish the breach of their Traditions with Death or a Penal Sum of Mony tho in Trifling matters as touching the Fire with a Knife medling with young Birds c. which are forbid Packet broke open vol. 2. Presbyterians Amongst the Presbyterians the Minister or Presbytery may not Excommunicate without the consent of the Church nor for any faults but sins of Perversness and after admonition nor for private sins but those which are publick and scandalous nor for the Sins of others as Bishop Auxilius Excommunicated a whole family
haled to that which she ought to have done freely for the Love of God Hist Laus c. 6. Fabiola a Room Lady sold her Estate dedicated the Money to the uses of the Poor built an Hospital and was the first that did so she carried the Diseased in her Arms on her Shoulders wash'd and dress'd their filthy Sores and prepared them Food and Physick Hieron Epitaph Fabiole ad Ocean Placilla Empress Wife to Theodosius Jun. used to visit the Sick in the Hospitals give them Food and Physick taste their Broths attend at their Beds wash their Cups c. Theod. H. Eccl. l. 5. c. 18. Deogratias an old Bishop of Carthage sold all the Plate of the Church for Ransom of Captive Christians lodged them in two large Churches visited them continually day and night with Physicians attending on him Vict. Vtic. de pars Vandal l. 1. In a terrible Plague at Alexandria the Christians boldly ventured to visit daily instruct and comfort the Sick Brethren till themselves expired and died with them Euseb H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 22. Purabolani were Officers to attend the Sick in Alexandria a kind of Clergy-Physicians Mahometans The Mogul doth continually relieve many poor People Solyman the Second built the Morestan a lovely Hospital for Pilgrims of all Religions at Damascus M. de Thev At a fair Mosque in Golconda about four in the Afternoon is a Dole of Bread and Pilau to all the Poor that come Tavernier's Trav. Ind. p. 64. Mutewacelus a Turkish Chalif had a Counsellor so unmindful of Humane Frailty that he was wont to say Mercy was a Weakness in Nature and Liberality Folly Hottinger ex Elmac. The Chinese sometimes will lend Money to be repaid them in the other World Sir Th. Herb. Indians A Bramin coming to Patua assembled all his Tribe together demanded of them 2000 Roupies and 27 Ells of Calicut they excused themselves because of their Poverty whereupon he vowed neither to Eat nor Drink till they had brought it With this resolve he climbs a Tree sits in the Fork between the Boughs for several days The noise of this coming to the Ears of the Hollanders where we were we set Sentinels to watch whether it were true or no which he did for 30 day together on the 31st the Idolaters fearing to kill one of their Priests clubb'd together and brought him the Roupies and Calicut so soon as the Bramin saw the Money and Cloth he came down upbraided those of his Tribe for want of Charity distributed all the Roupies among the Poor reserving only five or six for himself the Cloth he cut into little pieces and gave away keeping only to himself enough to cover his own Nakedness After which he disappeared of a sudden and no body knew what became of him though diligent Search was made after him Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. Friendly Pairs Jewish David and Jonathan Christian St. Peter and St. Mark St. Paul and Timothy Gregory Nazianzen and Basil Cranmer and Cromwel Heathen Hercules and Telamon Pylades and Orestes Theseus and Perithous Love to Enemies Jews THE Jews at the Feast of Tabernacles profoundly curse the Christians desiring That God would smite them as he did the First-born of Egypt And though this direful Prayer be not found in the Liturgy Printed at Venice yet I am sure 't is in the Machsor of the Cracovian Impression Dr. Addison Purchas tells us out of Munster That 't is one of their Negative Precepts If any of the Seven Canaanitish Nations shall come into the hands of a Jew he ought to slay him Purchas Sooner than they would endure that the Gentiles whom they curse and revile in their daily Prayers should have any part with them in their Messiah and be counted Co-heirs thereof they would Crucifie 10 Messiahs yea if it were possible would put GOD himself to death with all the Angels and Creatures else though they should therefore undergo a thousand Hells Luth. in Mi. 4.1 2. Christians Athenagoras principally useth this Argument to prove the Divinity of the Christian Religion viz. Loving Enemies Leg. pro Christian Nazianzen then Bishop of Constantinople lying Sick a young Man came to his Bed's feet with Tears begging his Pardon confessing That he was the Person Suborn'd to Murder him The Bishop prayed for him wishing no other Satisfaction but that he would forsake is Heretical Party and turn Christian Vit. ejus per Greg. Presb. Paul the Martyr going to Execution prayed for Christians Jews Samaritans the very Judges that condemn'd him and the Executioner that was ready to cut off his Head Eusch S. Mamas the Martyr treated the Souldiers sent to take him with the best Supper her had Dr. Cave Pachomius a Heathen Souldier in the first times of Constantine turn'd Christian upon observation of the Christian's Liberality to the Army when almost Famished and became an Anchoret Idem In a Famine and grievous Plague under Maximinus in the East the Christians were famed for their care for the Poor and Sick and dead Bodies Mahometans It is not lawful for the Mahometans to convert any Lands to Sacred uses except they have first with their own Sword won it from the Enemies of their Religion and therefore Selym the Second intending to build a magnificent Temple College Monastery and Alms-house at Adrianople brake his League with the Venetians and wan Cyprus from them that he might endow the same with maintenance Purchas Papists The Papists every Year curse and damn all Heretical Princes and People in their Solemn Service they exempt likewise Children from Obedience to their Parents and Subjects from Allegiance to their Soveraigns upon that score Mahometans Heathens At Surat the Ambassador's Servant his Cook being one day drunk in his way met the Governour of Surat's Brother as he was riding to his House the Cook made a stand made at him with his Sword calling him Now thou Heathen Dog He replied civilly in his own Language Ca-ca-ta i. e. What sayst thou The Cook answer'd with his Sword was seis'd disarm'd imprisoned upon the Ambassador's hearing of it he sent to the Governour 's Brother to signifie That he came not thither to countenance any disorderly Person and therefore desired him to do with him what he pleased Upon which he presently sent him home without doing him the least hurt but who was the Heathen Dog at this time Care of the Souls of others Jews I Question not but the Jews have a zeal for their Brethren which they shew most of all when any of them are in danger of being brought over to Christianity or any other Religious Communion Christians We Christians pray to GOD night and day not only for our selves but for all Men and for the safety of the Emperors themselves Cypr. pass vit ejus annex Justin M. tells the Jews that they prayed for them Dial. cum Tryph. They prayed for the Gnosticks Iren. Pamphilus the Martyr used freely and readily to bestow Bibles dearer in those days than since Printing was
read twice in the week a Divinity Lecture Was hospitable sober humble suffered none to abide in his House who could not give account of his Faith and lived not accordingly Clark In Q. Mary's Days he was by K. Christian of Denmark's means dismissed out of Prison went into Germany Preached at Burghsaber upon the Queen's Death return'd but tho much sued to would not accept of his Bishoprick again but continued in London Preaching the Gospel as a private Minister whilst strength would permit and Died Anno. aetat 88. Mr. R. Greenham Preached twice on the Lord's Days and Catechised Preached on Monday Tuesday and Wednesday on Thursday he Catechized on Friday he Preached on the week-days in the Morning as soon as he could well see drenching his Shift with Sweating twice a day he Prayed in his Family after Sermon he took account of his Servants rising at 4. a Clock Winter and Summer to his Studies Disliked Martin-mar-Prelate a Book as tending to make Sin Ridiculous not Odious laid the charge of the Schism between Conformists and Nonconformists on either or neither side c. died at 60. Clark That Saint of ours so called by Jos Hall Bishop of Norwich Tunquin The Bonzes in Tunquin Beg for their Living and are not like the Bonzes in other Kingdoms who beg Alms as it were their due These on the contrary use all the modesty and humility that may be never taking more than is needful for them And if they have any thing to spare they give it to the Poor Widows and Orphans that cannot get their Living Tavernier's Collect. Zurich The Clergy of Zurich if they subsist plentifully they labour hard for they have generally two or three Sermons a day and at least one the first begins at 5 a Clock in the morning At Geneva and all Switzerland over there are daily Sermons which were Substituted upon the Reformation from the Mass but the Sermons are generally too long c. Dr. Burnet's Letters Pegu. The Talapoi in Pegu give the People a Sermon when they come to Church and by their exemplary Lives preserve to themselves a good reputation Paquet broke open vol. 2. They Condemn and Preach against the Offerings the Commonalty make to the Devil they go barefoot live in Woods and Desarts eat but once a day they meddle not with Points of Doctrine but insist on points of Morality and good Works the Piety of their Lives gives them great Honours after their Deaths Ibid. Siam The Clergy of Siam are regular and exemplary in their Lives they Preach to the People on Festivals 't is burning alive to have to do with Women in every Temple there is a Convent of Priests to say daily Prayers morning and evening Ibid. Cambodia It is thought here a horrid Sacriledge for the Clergy to intermeddle with temporal Affairs Ibid. Mexico The Priests exercise daily 4 times at midnight morn noon and Sun-set lashing themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with Bodkins Preaching to the People at some Feasts Purchas Good Parishoners or People to their Priests Jews I Have already in the former Part signified the Allowances made to the Priest and Levite under the Law by Divine Ordinance and have not much more to add here save that first of all the People were generally very Just in paying their Tithes and some of them proceeded so far as to make a Decimation of their least things their Mint and Cummin lest they should not reach the Exactness of the Law Secondly That when they made any Address to the Prophets they commonly brought their Presents along with them as Saul to Samuel 1 Sam. 9.7 and Naaman to Elisha 2 Kings 5.5 Christians Alsted as I remember cites the Ancient Chronicles for it when he tells us That about the same time that Constantine the Great ordered Tithes to be paid to the Clergy a Voice was heard as it were from Heaven Nunc venenum infusum est Ecclesiae which I relate not as if I were of that Opinion that Tithes are not due but I fear the Payment in kind hath ill Effects The Clergy were so well maintained in the Primitive Times by the frequent Contributions of the People that Ammianus Marcell saith they lived like Pritices Ammian Marcell l. 27. St. Chrysostom was forced to make a whole Sermon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. i. e. against them that envied the Clergy Dr. Cave Also He describes at length the sad State of Bishops and other Church-men since the Church enjoy'd fix'd Revenues because they forsook their Employments to sell their Corn and Wine and to look after their Glebes and Farms besides much of their time was spent in Law-suits He wishes that he might see the Church in the State that it was in in the Times of the Apostles when it enjoy'd only the Charity and Oblation of Believers F. Simon Hist of Eccl. Rev. out of Chrys Hom. 86. in Mat. St. Augustin was of the same Mind Ibid. In the Universities of Bern and Lausanne are maintained Professors the one for the German Territory which is the Ancient Canton and the other for the New Conquest which is the French in the former are about 300 Parishes in the latter about 150. But in the Benefices on the German side the ancient Rights are preserved so that some Benefices are worth 1000 Crowns whereas in the Pais de Vaud the Provisions are set off as Sallaries and are generally from 100 to 200 Crowns Dr. Burnet's Letters Heathens In Siam the Estaites of Persons of Quality are ordinarily divided into three parts one to the King one to the Ecclesiasticks they defraying the Charges of the Funerals and the third to the Children Mandelslo's Trav p. 104. In Pegu their Preachers are still Preaching and Begging their Alms are brought to them in the Pulpits whilst they are Preaching Rosse The People drink the Water wherein the Preachers wash themselves accounting it Holy Rosse In Mexico the Revenues of the Priests were great Rosse The Southern Americans have their Priests in great Esteem making use of them as their Physicians and therefore they are very Rich for they have all the Goods of him whom they cure Idem In Siam the Bonzes or Priests are highly reverenced as well at Court as among the People The King himself hath such a Value for some of them as to humble himself before them Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 18. Some of them live by Alms others have Houses with good Revenues Protestants At Zurich the Dean and Chapter are still continued as a Corporation and enjoy the Revenues which they had before the Reformation Dr. Burnet 's Letters The Bishop of Coire hath yet reserved a Revenue of about 1000 l. Sterling a year Ibid. 50 or 60 l. is the common Sallary of a Geneva Minister Papists One that knew the State of this Kingdom well assured me that if it viz. Naples were divided into five parts upon a strict Survey it
Halters and Precipices enough to end your Lives with but you must come hither for an Execution Arrius Antonius Proconsul of Asia to the People c. Ignatius Oh! that I might come to those wild Beasts c. Origon when a youth could hardly be restrained from running into danger 3. They gave thanks to their Enemies for Condemning them A Christian takes it as a favour to dye for so good a cause Tertull. As for us they our Persecutors do us no harm Death doth but the sooner send us to God Clem. Alex. When Lucius one of the primitive Martyrs for speaking for one of the Christians that he had very hard measure was Condemned forthwith he heartily thanked his Judg for it that by this means he should be delivered from such unrighteous Governors and be sooner sent home to his Heavenly Father Just M. 4. They bore up with quietness and composure By reason of our strange and wonderful Courage and Strength new Additions are made to us for when the People see Men with infinite variety of Torments torn in pieces and yet maintain a Patience unconquerable and able to live out his Tormentors what the truth is that the consent of so many and the perseverance of dying persons cannot be in vain Nor that Patience it self were it not from God could hold out under such Racks and Tortures Thieves and men of a Robust Body are not able to bear such tearing in pieces they groan and cry out and are overcome with Pain because not endued with a Divine Patience But our very Children and Women to say nothing of our Men do with silence Conquer their Torments nor can the hottest fire force the least groan from them Lactan. By the force of such Arguments Justin Martyr turned Christian from being a Platonick Philosopher Ap. 1. p. 50. I thought saith he with my self that it was impossible such persons should wallow in Vice and Luxury c. Hence Porphyry calls the Christian Religion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Heathen in Min. Felix stiles the Christians men of an undone furious and desperate Party M. Fel. p. 7. M. Antoninus Emperor imputes this Courage to meer Stuborness l. 11. s. 3. Staupitius told Luther concerning his Behaviour that the first three years he did all things according to the utmost Rigor and that would not do The next three he did all according to the Laws and Councels of the Antients and that would not hit In the last three years he did all according to the Will of God and yet neither would that succeed and then he was fain to be content with what he could have Clar. in vit Capell Japon In Japon there have been Children from ten years old to a dozen who for sixty days together have endured to have their Bodies fastened to the Cross half Burnt half torn in pieces while the Executioners forced them to Eat on purpose to prolong their Lives in Misery and yet they would not renounce the Christian Faith which they had embraced Tavern Collect. c. p. 10. Domestick Worship Jews THey account themselves bound to say an hundred Benedictions of which see the particulars in the Chapter of Praying to God every day Christians Gaspar Colinius Admiral of France used to rise very early and then putting on his Night-gown and calling his Servants about him went to Prayer with them then he set time apart to hear the Deputies of the Churches and other businesses Each other day in the fore-noon he had a Sermon Preach'd before him after which he returned to his business till Dinner which being ready his Servants came in and there the Admiral standing by the Table and his Wife by his side one of David's Psalms was Sung and a Blessing craved upon the Meat which Course he did not only observe at his own House but every day in his Camp without intermission when the Cloth was taken away he presently rose and standing with his Wife by him either himself or Chaplain return'd thanks At Supper time the like was done both with Prayers and Psalms And because he found it hard to get his Servants together at Bed-time because of their various Employments he caused them all to come in presently after Supper where after a Psalm he went to Prayer with them Sam. Clark Bishop Ridley when at the Mannor of Fullham read daily a Lecture to his Family at the Common-Prayer beginning at the Acts of the Apostles and so going through the Epistles of S. Paul Giving to every Man that could read a New Testament hiring them besides with Mony to learn by Heart certain Principal Chapters but especially Acts 13. And often he read Psalm 101. Fox Martyrol Ere I can have sate at my Study to weariness my Family having now overcome all Houshold Distractions invites me to our Common Devotions not without some short preparation Dr. Jos Hall concerning himself Ancient Romans The Games called Ludi Compitales were Instituted among the Romans in honour of their Lares or Houshold Gods Galtruch Gilolo and Amboina The do no work but first they consult the Devil and are of opinion That no ill comes from any other Being and therefore that they ought to prevent it by Sacrifice to him which they are very observant of even in their Houses Paquet broke open vol. 2. Banda Banda is Mahometan and the People there are so Religious that they never do any thing till they have Prayed in the Morning Ibid. Formosa In Formosa each House hath its Oratory where all that is there spent is Offered to the Gods by the Women of the House Ibid. Iucatan In Iucatan they had in their Houses Images made like Bears which they Worshipp'd as their Houshold Gods with Singing and Incense Rosse Goa In Goa most of the Gentiles heads of Families dress their own Victuals themselves first they sweep the House then draw a Circle and confine themselves in it suffering none to enter for then all would be Profaned and the Cook would throw away what he had dressed the Victuals are divided into 3 parts the first for the Poor the second for the Cow of the House the third for the Family Thevenot In Goa they Pray to the first thing they meet with in a Morning tho a Goose or Ass and all day long they Pray to it Rosse Antient Tartars They Worshipp'd the Sun Stars Fire Earth and Water to whom they Offered the First-Fruits of their Meat and Drink every Morning before they eat and Drink themselves Rosse So do the Tartars of Cathay now Peguians In Pegu they feed the Devil every Morning with Baskets of Rice that he may not hurt them that Day Idem Indian Heathens In Fermosa every house hath a particular place appointed for the Devotions of the Family where they invocate the Gods and where the Women make their offerings of what is spent every day in the house But in case of Sickness or other misfortune they call the Inibs to do that Service Mandelslo's Travels p.
the New-Testament I first met with St. John's First Chapter In the beginning was the word c. I read part of it and was presently convinced that the Divinity and Authority of the Author did excel all humane Writings my Body trembled my Mind was astonished and I was so affected all that day that I knew not what I was Thou wast mindful of me O my God according to the multitude of thy Mercies and calledst home thy lost Sheep into thy Fold and from that day he wholly beat himself to pious Practices Anonym Bishop Vergerius was converted by occasion of seeing Fr. Spira in his misery or as some say by reading a Protestant Book with an intention to confute it S. Augustine gives us the Story at large of his own Conversion in his Book of Confessions and imputes it partly to the reading of Cicero's Hortensius to the Prayers of his Mother Monica and her continal Admonitions the Preaching of S. Ambrose but especially to the Discourse of Pontilian and his relation of the Life of S. Anthony which so stirr'd up his Passions that immediately he burst out into Tears retired into the Garden open'd his Testament at the direction of an Angel as he thought crying Take up and read and hit presently upon that Text Rom. 13.12 13 14. Aug. Conf. l. 8. c. 7 8. Justin Martyr was converted by seeing of the Martyrs Maronites Sometimes before was arrived there at Suratte a Merchant of Aleppo who had run himself out at heels and of a Maronite Christian was become a Roman Catholick in hopes to patch up his fortune being in truth a meer Counterfeit and Hypocrite for these Levantine Christians seldom change their Religion but upon some Motive of Interest and when they have got a good Sum together they presently whip back again into their own Country and for a small piece of Money obtain Absolution of their Patriarch among many others I will only mention one Franciscan called Paulus Stella coming with 400 Crowns or thereabouts in his Pocket for his Subsistance a Maronite smelt him out and under the pretence of giving him the honour of his Conversion to the Catholick Religion never left him till he had suckt him dry and turn'd the Chanel of his Money This Maronite Merchant whose Name was Chelebi shewed himself very zealous for the Capuchins and he had reason enough for the Capuchins of Aleppo had been very serviceable to him and had helped him in his Affairs when they were at the lowest ebb They were overjoyed at his Arrival at Suratte and gave out immediately that it was he that had given them Money for the building their House and Church but when I came to look over my Accompts I found that the Money that had paid for the Ground and a good share of the building came out of my Purse Father Ambrose having promised that I should be reimbursed at my Return to Paris but I never heard more of my Money nor indeed did I ever look after it Tavernier's Collect. of several Relations c. p. 37. Papists Bruno Born in Collen and Professor of Philosophy in Paris about the year of Christ 1080 being present at the Singing of the Office for his Fellow-Professor now Dead a man highly reputed for his Holy Life the Dead Corps suddainly sits up in the Bier and cries out I am in God's just Judgments eondemned These words were uttered three several days at which Bruno was so affrighted that a man held so pious was Damned began to think what would become of himself and many more Therefore concluding there was no safety for him but by forsaking the World betook himself with six of his Scholars to a hideous place for dark Woods high Hills Rocks and wild Beasts in the Province of Dauphiny near Grenoble and there built a Monastery having obtained the ground of Hugo Bishop of Grenoble the place called Carthusia whence his Monks took their Name Rosse's view of all Relig. Jews R. Hakkunas Ben Nehunia was converted by occasion of the Miracles which he saw I am Hakkunas one of them that believe and have washed my self with the Holy Waters and walk in those right ways being induced thereunto by Miracles Hortinger out of Suidas c. Elias Levita before his Death became a Christian and with thirty more Jews received Baptism but upon what occasions or inducements I cannot learn A.C. 1547. Alsted Diverse kinds of Testimonies Miraculous to Christianity Jews 1. PRomises and Prophecies and Types in Sacred Scripture 2. Satan in Possess'd Persons and Daemoniacks What have we to do with thee Jesus thou Son of God c. The Devil answering the Sons of Scevi in the Acts Acts 19. c. 3. The Jewish Nation as it is at this day dispersed through all the World and dissolved in all the most material parts of its Oeconomy without a Legal Succession of Priesthood without Genealogies without Temple without Sacrifices Holy Land Holy City Holy Altar Holy Oyl and in a word without any Government in Church or State 4. All their Attempts to regain their own Land and rebuild their own City wonderfully frustrated especially in the times of Julian the Emperor Ammian Marcell l. 23. 5. All their pretended Prophets and Saviours discovered in a most shameful manner and convicted of Imposture and Deceit especially the ignominious Delusion of Barcocab which the Jews lament to this day 6. To which may be added the Abstinence and Preaching of John Baptist and the Miracles of our Blessed Saviour As also those mentioned by Josephus relating to the Destruction of Jerusalem e.g. in the Feast of Weeks before Vespasian came against Jerusalem the Priests heard a Man walking in the Temple and saying with a wonderful Terrible Voice Come let us go away out of this Temple let us make haste away from hence c. Josephus Roman The Image of a Virgin with a Child in her Arms about the Sun seen at Rome Three Suns seen Augustus forbidding himself to be called Lord his releasing 30000 fugitive Slaves a Comet a Fountain of Oyl running all day Oracles silenced Alsted Christian 1. The Miracles done by the Apostles and Primitive Christians c. which continued in the Church for two or three hundred years after our Saviour amongst the last Recorded this is one mentioned by S. Augustine at the Aque Tibilitanae Projectus the Bishop bringing the Remains of the Martyr Stephen in a vast Multitude of People a Blind Woman desiring to be brought to the Bishop and some Flowers which she brought being laid on those Relicks and after applied to her Eyes to the wonder of all she received Sight As also when the Bodies of S. Gervasius and Protasius were dug up and Translated to Ambrose's Church at Milan not only such as were vexed with unclean Spirits were healed but also a certain noted Citizen that had been blind many years enquiring into the Reason of so much Tumult and Rejoycing among the People and being told the Cause leaped for joy
among the Jews is evident from the example of David who us'd it in the Divine Worship being girded with a Linen Ephod and dancing before the Ark. 2 Sam. 6.14 Christians Christians must not go to Weddings and balare vel saltare bleat or dance but sup or dine chastly as becomes Christians Conc. Laod. c. 52. habit A. C. 364. The Universal Council of Constantinople c. forbid Dancing especially at Weddings Alsted Concilia Choreas damnant ut Basiliense Câ—rthaginense quartum Agathense c. Docreta prohibent lege institutum Zachariae caus 26. q. 7. can Siquis c. De Conciliis lege distinct 34. can Presbyteri de consecratione dist 1. can Qui die do Cons dist 5. can Non Oportet Steph. Tzeged Loc. commun p. 438. who quotes also S. Augustine contra Petilianum c. 6. in Psal 32. and S. Chrystom Hom. 56. sup Genes and in Matth. 14. c. Marlorat in Matth. c. 14. Calvin in Matth. 14. c. In another Table Tzegedine cites against Dancing the Councils of Laodic Agath Ilerdian Altisiodore Besides Canons de quibus caus 26. q. 7. can Siquis Also lib. 3. Decr. Gregorii can Cum decorem c. Libr. 3. Clementinarum Tit. 14. c. 1. as also Philosophers Plato in Protagor l. 17. Cicero pro Murenâ Aemilii Probi in vit Epaminondae and in another Table Pet. Martyr Erasmus Pellican Calvin Aristotle Seneca Macrobius Sallustius Plautus Pollux c. Pope Clement the 5. Innocent the 3. c. Waldenses or Vaudois The ancient Vaudois made mixt Dancing to be a Breach of all the Ten Commandments Papists Cardinal Bellarmine inveighs very bitterly against it and cites the Authorities both of Greek and Latin Fathers as on his side Conc. 6.3.19 20 21. Angel de Clavasio is full upon the point Quem vide p. 55. where here he makes common-Dancing to be a mortal Sin The Titular Bishop of Geneva S. Fr. Sales is very biting but at last concludes that they are like Mushrooms the best are bad and dangerous at least nothing worth Sale 's Introd Protestants Dr. Tully speaking of pulick Dances and Stage-Plays adviseth every Christian to forbear them till such time as they are purged by some happy hand from their Faults and Corruptions Enchir. c. 18. Before I came into Hungary I abserved no Shadow or Shew of the Old Pyrrhical Saltation or Warlike way of Dancing which the Heydukes practise in this Country They dance with naked Swords in their Hands advancing brandishing and clashing the same turning winding and elevating and depressing their Bodies with strong and active motions singing withal unto their measures after the manner of the Greeks Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 10. Mahometans That the Mahometans use Dancing even in their Religious Worship is observed in this Book afterwards under the Title of Saints Ancient Heathens The same is observed of them likewise in the former part of this Book so likewise of the Modern Heathens Ancient Christians Sometimes they had Dances in their Churches and Chapels of the Martyrs Theodor. l. 3. c. 22. Modern Christians By way of Appendix Cardinal Borromeus saith when he was a young Man at the University he and his Companions prevailed with one of their Professors a grave and prudent young Man to go with them to a Ball who having observed c told them It was an invention of the Devil to destroy Souls Author of the Educ of young Gentlemen Nothing doth more dissipate the Spirits than the ravishing harmony dancing and charms of Ladies M. de Rhodez Dancing and Cards are conniv'd at in Strangers not permitted to the Citizens of Geneva themselves Anonym The Abissines in their Festival Solemnities use Musick and Dancing and some of the Latin Church celebrate Corpus christi-Christi-day with a Harp and Dancing See concerning the Feasts of the Greek Church in the former part of this Book Modern Heathens 'T is common with the Idolaters of several Nations to celebrate their Festivals with Dances c. as with the Mexicans Games Christians TVrnaments in Germany were first used at Magdeburg A. 635. by the Emperor Henry Sir-named the Fowler who coming from the War of Hungary exceedingly satisfied with the Nobility would oblige them to exercise themselves in handling their Arms and managing their Horses and therefore instituted these Sports No new Nobility none Guilty of High-Treason no Oppressor of Widows and Orphans none Born of Parents whereof one was of base Extraction no Heretick Murderer Traitor no Coward that had run away from the Battel nor indiscreet Person that had given offence to Ladies by word or deed were admitted to this Honour nor above one of the same Family at a time Princes came into the Lists with four Squires apiece Counts and Barons with three a Knight with two a Gentleman with one At the Hour and Place appointed he that had a desire to break a Lance came to the President 's Lodgings to have his Name written down which was done in the presence of three Heralds to whom the Champion delivered his Helmet and Sword and after he had been at Confession presented himself in the Lists with one or more Squires c. The Horses were to be without fault So also the Caparisons and Furniture such as gave no Offence Their Saddles equal c. And after the Justs were ended every Man repaired to the President of his Nation to wait for the Sentence of the Judges And he that deserved the Prize received it either from the hand of some Lady or from the Prince that gave it These Pastimes were afterwards disused either for the Emulation they begot between Princes and Nobles or by reason of Wars or perhaps because many brave Men lost their Lives in these Encounters as Henry 2d King of France and at Darmstadt A. 1403. at the 23d Turnament that was held in Germay the Gentlemen of Franconia and those of Hesse drew so much Blood one upon another that there remained dead upon the place 17. of the former and 9 of the latter Dr. Brown 's Travels p. 175. Ancient Greeks and Romans Concerning the Olympick Games of Greece at which they met from all Parts of the Countrey and the Pastimes of Rome take this short Scheme and for further Information See Godwine 's Antiqu. and Galtruchus 's History of the Heathen Gods with Mar. D'Assigny 's Notes Plays were 1 Publick 1. To oblige the People As 1. Gymnic Fights 2. Horse-Races 3. Chariot-Races 4. The Butchery of Gladiators 5. The Naumachias or fight of Ships 6. Hunting of Bleasts 2. In honour of the Gods As 1. The Olympic Games 2. The Pythian 3. The Isthmian 4. The Nemaean 5. The Gymnic may be here added also Here also may be considered all those which are taken notice of in the former part of this Book As Ludi Megalenses Ludi Apollinares Cereales Capitolini Seculares Taurii Florales Votivi c. 2. Private As Latrunculi the Play at Chesse Tali and Tessarae Dice Pila
Fotique at Tenchday if Fame speak truth Satan oftentimes made an Apparition Sr. Tho. Herbert Amboyna In Amboyna they assemble 20 or 30 together to consult with the Devil whom they call Nito and who appears often to them in the shape of an ordinary person and pronounces his Oracles Mandelslo Oracles Soothsaying Divination Prophesying Ancient Jews THere were four several ways by which the Divine Will was made known to the Ancient Jews and their Neighbours 1. By Dreams as in the Case of Abimeleck Gen. 20.3 6. of Laban Gen. 31.24 of Jacob Gen. 31.10 c. of Joseph Gen. 37.5 the Butler and Baker in prison Pharaoh the man in Gideon's host Solomon Daniel Nebuchadnezzar c. 2. By Vision where the man was rapt into an Ecstacy his spirit suspended from all sensible communication with the body and entertained with supernatural light as in the case of the prophets c. 3. By Vrim and Thummim an Oracle resulting from the letters engraven upon the H. Priest's Pectoral to which the Jews in all important Doubts resolved 4. By Thunder and a voice from Heaven Author of the lively Oracles c. Images made to the stars according to the Chaldeans had a faculty of foretelling future things which is an exact description of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Talismans so much in request among the Heathens such as the Palladium of Troy they are by the Jews called Davids Bucklens and are much of the same nature with the Teraphim Ancient Christians Amongst the Christians tho God hath sometimes revealed his will by Dreams as to Joseph in the case of the Blessed Virgin and the Child Jesus and afterwards tho' no Christian to the wife of Pilate and in aftertimes to some of the Fathers and Primitive Christians as S. Cyprian if he be not too fanciful had many of them and sometimes by vision as in the instance of S. Paul c. sometimes too by a voice from Heaven yet the only ordinary way they expected a resolution of their doubts from was the sacred Scriptures as a sure rule and word of Prophecy 2. Pet. 1.19 Ancient Heathens That Oracles were in great request among the old Pagans is notorious as well as Divination and Prediction Concerning all which observe 1. Of Oracles That they were not only given to those that made inquiry and propounded a Question The answer was made by the Priest of the place who lay hid in some Cavity and upon pretence of inspiration with some odd praeludium of noise or tone with respect to their own humours or the will of their Prince they made their answers not without much ambiguity and imposture The most antient were that of Jupiter Hammon in Libya and of Dodona in Greece Afterwards we read of the Oracle of Pythia and Delphos as the most Eminent The Prophornium that of Amphiareus the Branchidae in Milesia and the Sabaeum in Phocis c. They were much Enriched with Presents 2. Of Divination that there were several Kinds thereof as inspection into the Intrals of Beasts observation made upon the feeding of Birds and the Flight of the Fowls in the Air c. 3. Prediction sometimes by Priests sometimes by Sibylls Mahometans They account mad Men as Oracles and Saints whose Souls are in Heaven talking with God and if such strike or rob them they take it in good part saying They shall have good Luck after it They erect stately Monuments over their Graves as at Aleppo over the Grave of one Sheh Boubat who being mad went always naked where to this day are Lamps burning day and night and many Dervise◠there maintained to look to his Sepulchre and to receive the offerings of such as come every week out of Aleppo Purchas The same account they make of one Sheh Mahamed a mad Man yet living in Aleppo going naked with a Spit on his Shoulder Idem By the Law of Mahomet Sooth-sayers are imprisoned and yet in Fez are many of that Profession Rosse Persians The Persians are very inquisitive after the time to come consulting the Astrologers like Oracles the King hath always two or three by him to tell him the good and bad hour There is an Almanack called Taouim fold every year in Persia containing the Longitudes and Latitudes of the Planets the Conjunctions and Oppositions c. is fold of Predictions about Wars Sickness c. directs when to put on new Cloaths to let Blood Purge Travel c. to which they give great credit Others to know the success of their Affairs go to a Moulah who opens the Alcorah and tells them the issue of the business muttering over some strange Words as one told a Gardiner He should get by an Ox which he was to buy but quite contrary the Ox died on his Hands within three days They use a sort of Divination called Rambe by even or odd the Masters whereof called Ramals keep Shops on purpose to delude the People They have also Interpreters of Dreams Tavernier l. 5. c. 14. New-England We have been advised by some Credible Christians yet alive That a Malefactor accused of Witchcraft as well as Murder and Executed in this place Boston more than 40 Years ago did then give notice of An Horrible Plot against the Country of Witchcraft and a foundation of Witchcraft then laid which if it were not seasonably discovered would probably blow up all the Churches in the Country and we have now with horror seen the discovery of such a Witchcraft an Army of Devils broke in upon the place c. Cotton Mather 's Wonders of the invisible World Mexicans Cortez the Spaniard drawing near to Mexico Matezuma the Emperor feared saying These are the People which our Gods said should come and inherit this Land He went to his Oratory and there shut up himself alone abiding eight days in Prayer and Fasting with Sacrifices of many Men to asswage the fury of his offended Deities The Devil bids him not to fear and that he should continue those bloody Rites assuring him That he should have the Gods Vitzliputzi and Tesoatlipuca to preserve him saying That Quezalouatle permitted the destruction at Chololla for want of that bloody Sacrifice Purchas Modern Heathens The Chingulaes in case of Sickness to know what God or Devil is the Author hang an instrument like a pair of Sizers used to cut Betel-nuts upon a Bow-string and holding the Bow at both ends repeat over the names of the Gods and Devils and when the name of him that afflicted them is mentioned the Iron on the String swings Capt. Knox. In Guinea and the East-Indies when the King sacrificeth the Fetissero comes to a Tree and in a heap of Ashes there provided sticks the branch of a Tree and drinking out of a Bason spouts it upon the Branch and then dawbs his Face with the Ashes after which the Devil out of the Tree gives answer to the King's Questions View of the Engl. Acquis in Guinea and the East-Indies They have in Guinea certain
services be accursed always without effect or success and blown away like Dust May they have the Curses of the Holy and Righteous Patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob of the 318 Saints who were the Divine Fathers of the Synod of Nice and of all other Holy Synods And being out of the Church of Christ let no man administer unto them the things of the Church or bless them or offer sacrifice for them or give them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the blessed bread or Eat or Drink or Work with them And after Death let no man bury them in penalty of being under the same state of Excommunication For so let them remain until they have performed what is here written Paul Ricaut Esq Abissine A Form of Excommunication among the Abissines And let him be accursed by Addirion and Actariel by Sandalpkon and Hadarmel by Ansiciel and Patchiel by Seraphiel and Zeganzael by Michael and Gabriel and by Raphael and Meschartiel and let him be interdicted by Trantzeviv and Haweheviv He is the great God and by the seventy names of that great King and on the behalf of Tzortak the great Ensign-bearer c. Job Ludolph l. 3. c. 5. They as the Jews think to tertify with uncouth and harsh words Idem Mr. Ross saith that in answer to the Degrees of Excommunication among the Jews the Greeks had their 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latins had their 1. Abstenti 2. Excommunicati 3. Anathemata N. B. Mr. Ricaut tells us that among the Greeks Excommunication is granted upon light occasions and is either expressive of the party with his name and condition or indenfinite of any person guilty of such crime Yet it is of high esteem and dread among them For they relate as sad and various stories of Judgments befallen the Excommunicated dying so as if they were still nourished in the Coffins and haunted the Countries as we do of witches Apostates are not received into the Church among the Greeks unless they have first sought it earnestly with tears and signifyed their desire by forty days fasting with bread and water and continual prayer night and day Those few Christians that after Apostasy to Turcism return do confess with extream danger of dying for it P. Ricaut Esq Western Christians In England we have several degrees or kinds of Censures as 1. Minor Excommunicatio exclusion from the Lord's Supper 2. Major Excommunicatio exclusion from the Society of Christians not only in spiritual duties but in temporal affairs and this if it continue 40 days is pursued with the King 's writ de excommunicato capiendo and then to prison without bail 3. Anathematismus for obstinate Heresy done by the Bishop Dean and Chapter 4. Interdictum a prohibition of all Divine offices Christian burial sacraments c. 5. Publick Penance the delinquent standing in the Church-Porch with bare head bare feet in a white sheet and a white rod in his hand c. See more in the present state of England part 2d Creeds Modern Jews Art 1. I Believe with a true perfect faith that God is the Creator whose name be blessed Governor and Maker of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things and shall work for ever Art 2. I believe with a perfect faith that the Creator whose name be blessed is one and that such an unity as is in him can be found in no other and that he alone hath been our God is and for ever shall be Art 3. That the Creator is not Corporeal nor to be comprehended with any bodily properties and that no bodily essence can be likened to him Art 4. That the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him and that he shall last for ever Art 5. That the Creator is to be worshipt and none else Art 6. That all the words of the prophets are true Art 7. I believe with a perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master may he rest in peace were true that he was the Father and Chief of all the wise men that liv'd before him and shall live after him Art 8. That all the law which at this day is found in our hands was delivered by God himself to our master Moses God's peace be with him Art 9. The same law is never to be chang'd nor any other to be given us of God whose name be Blessed Art 10. That God whose Name be Blessed understands all the Thoughts and Works of Men As it is Written in the Prophets He fashions their Hearts alike he understands all their Works Art 11. That God will recompence good to those that keep his Commandments and will Punish those who transgress them Art 12. That Messiah is yet to come and although he retard his coming yet I will wait for him till he come Art 13. That the Dead shall be restored to Life when it shall seem fit to God the Creator whose Name be Blessed and Memory Celebrated world without end Amen The Creed Dr. Addison presents us with out of Sepher Ikkarim or Book of Fundamentals put in writing by Moses Ben Maimon a Corduba Jew A. D. 1104. And tho not set down in their Service-Book yet they begin their Mattins with it and utter it with a hollow tone different from the other Service Christians I Believe in God the Father Almighty maker of Heaven and Earth And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord Who was Conceived by the Holy Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Suffered under Pontius Pilate Was Crucified Dead and Buried he Descended into Hell The third day he rose again from the Dead He ascended into Heaven And sits on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty From thence He shall come to Judg the Quick and the Dead I Believe in the Holy Ghost The Holy Catholick Church The Communion of Saints The Forgiveness of Sins The Resurrection of the Body And the Life Everlasting Amen This is commonly ascribed to the Apostles as the first Compilers but by general Confession and Testimony of Ecclesiastical Writers is very Antient Saving that those words He Descended into Hell are not of so old a Date the first place it being found in being the Church of Aquileia in the Fourth Century Dr. Pearson Gaurs 1. I Believe in God maker of the World 2. That he sent Ebrahim zer-ateucht his Prophet Son of Azer a Carver by Trade and Doghdon who upon the appearance of an Angel overspreading her Face with a Celestial Light Conceived the Prophet aforesaid 3. That the Birth of this Child was known by Astrologers and told to the King Nebrout who thereupon caused all the Women with Child through all his Domininions to be slain 4. That this Child laugh'd so soon as he was Born because he was to Triumph in the Hearts of the People 5. That the Father in fear confessed to the King the King going about to slay the Child with a Sword his
to defraud 9. Not to oppress 2. The Persees in their book of Religion have these Precepts the book called Zundawastau 1. To have shame and fear ever with thâ—â— 2. To consider whether what they take in hand be good or bad commanded or forbidden 3. To keep their Eyes and hearts from coveting what is another's and their hands from hurting any one 4. To have a care always to speak the Truth 5. To be known only in their own businesses and not to enquire into and to busie themselves in other mens matters 6. Not to entertain any other Law besides what they have delivered to them from their Prophets M. de Thevenot 3. The Indian Bramins call the books of their Religion Bets which are four in number which they say God sent to them and that they are the Keepers M. de Thev The Gaurs have a large Book in three parts relating to Salvation Dreams and Physick in a language which themselves scarce understand but by the help of other Books M. Tavernier l. 4. Diabolical The Devil is very cunning a notable Politician S. Paul knew him so and therefore uses many words to set out his Frauds His Interest and Subtility are the only Rules he goes by And he Attacks all persons he hath to deal with according to their Genius Exempl g. Balaam a false Prophet by Apparitions Dr. Dee a Mathematician by Magical Devices our Saviour by sacred Scripture the obstinate Jews by a false Messiah a Barcocab Enthusiastical Persons by Revelations Dreams Fancies Learned Men by Curiosities the Religious by Superstitions c. 17. The manner of calling Assemblies Jewish THE Jews Sounded Trumpets formerly Also they rung the great Bell Migrepha Now about five in the Afternoon the Door-Keeper of the Synagogue knocks at their Doors with a Hammer warning them to repair to Evening Prayer Rosse Ancient Christian At first certainly the Christians by agreement among themselves appointed the Day and Hour before-hand and conveyed the notice thereof by word of Mouth Pancirollus refers the Invention of Bells to Paulinus Bishop of Nola about the Year of Christ 400. But he rather changed the use of them to religious purposes Dr. Holid on Juv. In Cyprus the Greeks are called to Church in the Morning by one or two a Clock by the striking on their Door with a Hammer the Clerk uttering these words Christians go to Church Taver l. 2. c. 2 p. 81. The Musccvites have no Bells in Steeples but in a certain Engine or Machine near the Church in the Church-Yard and are for the most part so small that few of them are 150 or 200 pound weight They toll them at beginning of Service and at the elevation of the Chalice The Rope being fasten'd not to the Bell but the Clapper they easily Chime many together The Abyssines have no Bells of Brass or mix'd Metal but a kind of hollow Vessels made of Wood Stone or Iron more for noise than delight to the Ear. Job Ludolph Salmuth c. They have two great Bells in the Convent of Niamoni in the Isle of Chio. The Turks allowing them to Christians no where else There are little ones in every Village M. de Thev I passed by a Church in Ispahan where hearing a great noise I went into it the noise was made by striking with a great Stick upon a Deal-Board that was hung up which the Armenians are forced to make use of instead of Bells the Persians not permitting them to make use of any D. of Holst Amb. Trav. p. 208. Mahometan The Mahometans are called to Church five times a day by a Cryer by a Cryer bauling aloud Alla Allah Allahu The Turks call Etchmeasin in Persia the Seat of one of the Armenian-Patriarchs the Church with Bells for they are used here and no where else in Turkey except in Moldavia Valachia Mount Athos The Muczim goes up to a Minaret at every Mosque and stopping his Ears with his Fingers he sings and cries these words with all his force Allah ekbar c. i. e. God is great God is great is great great shew that there is but one God shew that Mahomet is his Prophet come and present your selves to the Mercy of God and ask Forgiveness of your Sins God is great God is great God is great God is great There is no other God but God M. de Thev This they do five times a day and on Friday six The Faquirs or poor Mahometan-Voluntiers the have many Disciples call them together when they assemble by the Sound of a Horn or the Beat of a Drum M. Tavernier Par. 2. l. 2. c. 2. Ancient Heathen The Persians did call an Assembly before Day-light saith Strabo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the sound of a Bell. l. 15. The Priestesses of Bona-Dea at Rome were called to the Service by a Horn. Upon the Festival of Dame Flora the Rabble and idle Strumpets were called together by the sound of a Trumpet Modern Heathen In Pegu the Talapoi Summon the People to Church by sounding a brass Bason Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. In Mexico they awaked the People to Service with a Trumpet The Bannyans are called to their Idolatrous Devotions to their Pagods under their Trees with the sound of a little Bell. Sir Tho. Herb. In some parts of Java particularly Bantam they use Drums instead of Bells which they beat with a Bar as big as a Weaver's Beam and sometimes brass Basons Mandelslo In Siam their Pagods have Steeples and Bells Tavernier Upon tolling of the Bells they rise to Prayers about 4 it the Morning which they repeat again toward Evening Idem In Tunquin also they have Bells Idem In Gilolo and Amboyna they bring their Daemon or Nito to a conference by the sound of a little Tabor called Typha and with lighted Candles and Words of Conjuration Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Diabolical In Amboyna to have conference with the Devil whom they call Nito they assemble to the number of 20 or 30 and call upon him with the beat of a little Drum consecrated to this use which they call Typha Mandelslo In New-England 1692. at Salem one G. B. was reported by some of the Witnesses for Summoning other Witches to a Sacrament with the sound of a Trumpet who failed not from all Quarters to go towards the appointed place of Meeting soon after the Sound Cotton Mather in his Wonders of the Invisible World 18. The Parts and Order of Divine or Religious Worship Domestical Jewish 1. PArts of Divine Worship Domestical Daily Daniel prayed thrice a day and praised GOD and it was his manner so to do Dan. 6.16 David prayed at Morning and Evening and Noon Night and Day even in his Bed making it swim with tears Anna served the Lord in the Temple with Fasting and Prayer Night and Day Luke 2.37 GOD appointed a Lamb to be offered for a daily Sacrifice Morning and Evening He that eats Bread with unwashen hands sins as grievously as he that lies with
a Whore The Saying of R. Ase Ancient Christian The Christians in Aegypt continued all the six days in Devotion so earnestly that they forgot to take their Food from Morning 'till Night Sozom. l. 6. c 18. ex Phil. Jud. The People of Edessa would not be terrified from their often Meetings through the fear of Death threatned to them Ruffin l. 2. c. 5. 1. At rising they met together and betook themselves to Prayer Chrysost Hom. 1. de Precat This was done by the Master of the House unless some Minister of Religion were present Certainly they read some portion of Scripture c. Dr. Cave They had set Hours for Prayer V. Cypr. Clem. Alex. de Orat. Dom. viz. the First Third and Sixth 2. About Noon before Dinner some part of the S. Scripture was read and the Meat being set on the Table a Blessing was solemnly begged of GOD. Dr. Cave Theodosius Junior Empèror would not taste any Meat or eat a Fig before he had first given Thanks and set it apart with the sign of the Cross Idem 3. When at Dinner they sung Hymns and Psalms a custom which Clem. Alex. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. p. 165. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. 4. Every time they took the Cup to drink they made the sign of the Cross and called upon Christ Nazianz. 5. Dinner ended they prayed Basil Ep. ad Greg. Tom. 3. p. 46. 6. Before going to bed they prayed again the whole family 7. At midnight they rose to pray and sing Hymns Clem. Alex. paed l. 2. c. 9. This was very ancient proceeding from their Nocturnal Assemblies in persecution Afterward left off as inconvenient yet it continues in Monasteries 8. Concerning Catechising vide alibi They read Scripture diligently prayed frequently and sung Psalms alone Vide Sub. Tit. particul Mahometan The Mahometans are obliged by their Religion to pray five times every day Most of them are careful to pray at least 3 times and in the Mogul's Countrey generally 5 times and they make a conscience of it from the Mogul himself upon the Throne to the poor Shepherd that attends upon his flock abroad But they endeavour commonly to say their Prayers in Church and if not there they do it in their houses or fields Ancient Heathen In every family there were so many little statues of Wood c. placed about their Lares as were Sons in the House and when any one was out of his childhood at 16 he hang'd the Bulla which he then left off about the Neck of the child's statue Servants also had statues of Wool or Hay The Romans had Laâ—es or Houshold Gods and Faci or Chimneys for them and the ordinary people observed the Ludi Compitalitii Plays and Dances in the streets in honour of them The Romans gave their Tables great Reverence accounting them sacred by laying on of the Salt-sellers and the Images of the Gods Arnob. 2. adv Gent. p. 87. The Druids procure publick and private Sacrifices Caes de Bell. Gal. Alexander Severus had in his private Chappel the Image of Jesus Christ amongst other Deities and Heroes to whom he paid adoration every morning particularly for that Precept Quod tibi non viâ— sieâ—i alteri ne feceris Modern Heathen The Chingulaes in Ceilon besides their publick Temples have private Chappels little Houses like Closets in their Yards not above 2 or 3 foot big sometimes but built upon a Pillar 2 or 3 foot from the ground wherein they place certain Images of the Buddou or Saviour God that they may have him near them and do testifie their Love and Service to him by lighting up Candles and Lamps in his House and laying flowers every morning before him Capt. Knox Relat. of Ceil In Guinea and the East Indies they daub with a kind of Chalky Earth for their Morning Devotions View of the Engl. Acq. in Guinea c. The Tunquinese adore 3 things in their Houses the Hearth of their Chimney made of 3 stones an Idol called Tiensa Patroness of Handicrafts and Buabin which they implore when they I go to build an House Tavernier Diabolical 1. Acts of Unbelief Distrust Despair Dishonour to God c. 2. Injustice Uncharimbleness Wrath Evil Speech Adultery Uncleanness Lying profane Swearing Cursing Covetousness Pride Discontent Curiosity c. 3. Idleness Intemperance Gluttony Drunlaenness And in a word all neglect and remissness in governing the Heart and Tongue and Actions in subduing the Lusts and Passâ—â—ns Yet in the Indies they use certain Ceremonies and Sacrifices as do also Magicians Spells and Invocations c. 19. Ecclesiastical Worship Jewish 1. THey sounded the Trumpers every morning at the opening of the Court-Gates particularly of the Gate of Nicanor to call the Levites and Stationary Men to their Desks and Service and the people of Jerusalem to the Temple Also they rung the Great Bell Migrepha 2. They offered Sacrifice in the Temple-Service twice a day 3. They read the Law twice The Master of the Synagogue called out one of the Seven Readers appointed for the Service of the Synagogue Gave him a Book to read He read standing in honour of the Law 4. The expounded the Law and made Discourses to the people Teaching and Instruction was always performed fitting Dr. Lightfoot 5. They had Prayers 4 times a day 6. Stationary men were appointed by course to be always attending the Service of the Temple lest they should want a Congregation as Deputies of the people for the Daily Sacrifice was the Sacrifice of all Israel And therefore it being impossible that all Israel should be present these were chosen Representatives Christian 1. The Roman Service for 400 years thus out of stilling Orig. Brit. 1. The Epistle out of St. Paul only Walasrid and the Pontifical Book Strabo 2. The Gospel 3. The Sacrifice In Celestine's Time 1. The Epistle 2. The Gospels 3. The Psalms or Antiphonae made out of them the whole Choir singing each Verse alternatim Walaf Strabo Microlog 4. Responsoria or proper Hymns Anthems i. e. one singing and the whole Choir answering 5. The Sacrifice No Creed No Sermon till Leo's Time 2. The Gallican Service Ibid. Morning 1. Lessons 2. Hymns 3. Psalms of St. Hierom's Translation with Gloria Patri at the end in Latin 4. Between the Psalms 1. The Deacon did silentium indicere 2. The people privately on their knees fell to their private Devotions 5. A concluding Collect Collecta Oratia the Lord's Prayer commonly 1. The Creed appointed by the 3 Council of Toledo 2. Prophetical Lessons Three Books being laid on the Altar viz. of the Prophets Epistles and Gospels Greg. Turon 3. The Sermon immediately after the Gospel 4. The Sacrifice in which Service were 1. Confession of sins Apdogia a particular Enumeration of sins Suscipe confessionem meam Domine 2. Prefaces and Collects Contestatio
172. Indian Christians The Indian Christians read two chapters at home one out of each Testament Sr. Th. Herbert Malabar In Malabar the King of Calecut eats no meat till it be first offered by his Preist to his Idol Ross Mahometans There are but few who go not every day to Prayers epecially those of Noon Quinday and Aksham for many perform the other two at home Nor doth travelling excuse them for when they know that it is the Hour of Prayer they stop in the Fields near to some water they draw water in a tinn'd Copper-pot which they carry always purposely about them then do the Abdest spread a Carpet on the Ground without which they never Travel and say their Prayers upon it M. de Thevenot They have Chaplets also which they often say for the most part have them in their hand whether at home or abroad c. Idem Persians There are some amongst them who pray with such Violence at their own Houses that they put themselves out of Breath and many times fall down in a Swoon One of my Neighbours at Schamachie was so earnest in his Devotion that having said his Prayer very loud and pronounced with all his might above fifty times the word Hakka God he at length could not pronounce it without a great deal of difficulty and at last his Voice quite fail'd him D. of Holstein 's Emb. Trav. p. 279. Benjans They never go out of their Houses till they have said their Prayers Mandelslo's Trav. into the Indies p. 57. Persees The Persees of Guzurat have no Mosques but make use of some Room in their Houses to do their Devotion in which they do sitting without any Inclination of their Bodies Mandelslo's Trav. p. 60. In Amboina they take in hand no business be it never so mean nay not so much as piercing of a Tree to draw Terry till they have done their Devotions to the Devil Idem Toleration of all Religions Jews AMong the Jews we find in our Saviour's time Pharisees and Sadduces and Herodians and Pagan Romans all exercising their own Religion the Synagogues open to People of different Opinions and liberty of Prophesying seems to be allowed for some time even to the Christians themselves vid. Acts 13.15 c. I need not speak of the Nazarites and Rechabites tolerated among them in ancient times who yet were distinguished from the common Israelite by peculiar Ceremonies and Usages The case of the Gibeonites was extraordinary their Liberty procured by Craft and turned into Servitude being made Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water for the Congregation and for the Altar of the Lord. Christians The Muscovites give a Free Toleration to all Religions and live very quietly with the Lutherans and those of the Reformed Religion but they have so great an Aversion to the Roman Catholicks that they would never grant them liberty in Muscovy In the first War of Smolensko they would not entertain Catholick Soldiers A. C. 1627. The late King of France proposed a Treaty for Commerce between the French and Muscovite and for a Church where Mass might be said but it was denied nay in the Treaty they made with us for our passage into Persia it is an express Article That we should not take any Roman Catholicks into our Retinue D. of H. Ambass Trav. p. 108. They suffer all Nations to live amongst them as Calvinists Lutherans Armenians Tartars Turks and Persians excepting none but Jews and Roman-Catholicks Idem The King of Poland several Papists Ecclesiastical Soveraigns in Germany the Venecians in their Grecian Islands all give liberty of Conscience In Rome it self the Pope tolerates several Popish Churches differing in Ceremonies from one another and all abundantly from that called the Roman Church yet agreeing in doctrine having publick liberty without exceptions In Germany the Lutheran Churches scarce in any Two Cities have the same Ceremonies Nurimburg and Leipsig having almost as many as the Papists and yet they differ in them Hamburg hath fewer And Strasburg none at all Their differing in Circumstantials makes no breach of Charity At the same Communion some receive sitting some standing The Three Religions are tolerated at Frankfort Dr. Burnet The Three Religions have their exercises successively the same day in the Church of the Concord at Manheim the Calvinists first the Lutherans next and the Papists last Idem in his letters Dr. Edw. Brown in his Travels In two Cantons Appeuzel and Glaris both Religions are Tolerated and are capable of equal Priviledges and in some Bailiages belonging to Bern and Friburg both Religions are so equally Tolerated that in the same Church they have both Mass and Sermon On one Sunday Mass begins and Sermon follows the next Sunday Sermon begins and Mass follows c. Dr. Burnet 's Letters Mahometans The Mogul Tolerates all Religions and speaks well of all So doth the great Turkish Emperor Among Mahometans Liberty of Conscience is allowed agreeable to an Azoara in the Alcoran which declares that none are to be disswaded from the Religion they Suckt from their Cradle Sir Th. Herbert In Negapatan likewise any Religion is Tolerable and Virgil's Omnigenûmque Deûm Monstra seem to be Translated hither Idem In Goa are Christians Jews Mahometans and Heathens Rosse In the Philippin Islands are Christians Mahometans and Pagans Idem In Sumatra and Zeilan are Moors Christians and Pagans Idem In Egypt Christians have their Churches Jews their Synagogues and Mahometans their Mosques of which last there be four sorts differing in their Laws Liturgies and Ceremonies Idem The Coast of Coromandel is furnished with Various Religions Christian Mahometan and Idolatry of the first there are two sorts those of S. Thomas that are of the Greek Church and the Europian Christians The Last Words of Dying Men c. Christians LVther ended his Life with these words Lord I render up my Spirit into thy Hands and come unto thee And again Lord into thy Hands I commend my Spirit thou O God of Truth hast redeemed me being asked by Dr. Jones if he died in the constant Confession of that Doctrin which he had preach'd he answered Yea which was his last word Olympia Fulvia Morata to her Husband Tota sum laeta I am all joyful but now I know you no more Anonym once a little before her Death awaking out of Sleep with a chearful Countenance she said I have now got a sight in my Rest of a most excellent and pleasant place shining with an unexpressible Light and Brightness But thro' weakness could say no more D. Melch. Adam Mr. Carter ended his Life with this Doxology The Lord be thanked Clark's Lives Erasmus breathed out his Soul in these Ejaculations Mercy sweet Jesus Lord loose these bands how long Lord Jesus how long Jesus Fountain of Mercy have mercy upon me c. Fuller's Lives Leo Jude who died at Tigure 1542. concluded thus Huic Jesu Christo c. i. e. To this my Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ my Hope and