Selected quad for the lemma: christian_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
christian_n	day_n	place_n	sabbath_n	1,769	5	9.7235	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05594	A most delectable and true discourse, of an admired and painefull peregrination from Scotland, to the most famous kingdomes in Europe, Asia and Affricke With the particular descriptions (more exactly set downe then hath beene heeretofore in English) of Italy Sycilia, Dalmatia, Ilyria, Epire, Peloponnesus, Macedonia, Thessalia, and the whole continent of Greece, Creta, Rhodes, the Iles Cyclades ... and the chiefest countries of Asia Minor. From thence, to Cyprus, Phænicia, Syria ... and the sacred citie Ierusalem, &c.	Lithgow, William, 1582-1645?	1616 (1616)	STC 15711; ESTC S108584	89,947	136

Hypprodome and the Theater whereon the people stood when the Emperours vsed to run their horses and make their Princely shewes on solemne dayes which is now altogether decayed There is a great Columne in that same place in the which all those things memorable that haue béene done in this Hyppodrome are superficially carued Upon the West corner of the Citie there is a strong Fortresse fortified with seuen great Towers and well furnished with munition called by Turkes Iadileke In this Presoun are Bashaws and Subbashaws imprisoned and also great men of Christians if any offence be committed Their place of exchange is called Bezastan wherein all sorts of commodities are to bee sold as Sattins Silkes Ueluets Cloth of Siluer and Gold and the most exquisitly wrought handkerchiffes that can be found in the world with other infinite commodities the relation of which would be tedious I haue séene men and women as vsually sold here in markets as horses and other beasts are with vs. The most part of which are Hungarians Transiluanians and Bohemians captiues and of other places besides which they ouercome Whom if no compassionable Christian will buy or or relieue then must they either turne Turke or bee addicted to perpetuall slauery In Constantinople there haue happened many fearefull fires which often haue consumed to ashes the most part of the rarest monuments there and the beauty of infinite palaces as Zonoras the Constantinopolitan Historiographer in his Histories mentioneth And now lately in the yeare 1607. October 14. there were burned aboue 3000 houses of which I saw a number of ruines as yet vnrepaired It is subiect also to diuers earthquakes which haue often subuerted the Towers Houses Churches and walles of the Citie to the ground Especially in the yeare 1509. in the reigne of Baiazeth the ninth Emperour of the Turkes in which time more then 13000 persons were all smothered and dead and laid vp in heapes vnburied And commonly euery third yeare the pestilence is excéeding great in that Citie and after such an odious manner that those who are infected before they dy haue the halfe of their one side rot and fall away so that you may easily discerne the whole intrailes of their bodies It is not licentiated that any Christian should enter in a Turkish Moskée without the conduct of a Ianisary the tryall whereof I had when I viewed S. Sophia Perah is ouer against Constantinople called of old Cornubizantium but by the Turkes Galata It is the place at which Christian ships touch and where the Embassadours of Christendome lie From thence I went to the blacke sea but commonly called Mare Euxinum where I saw Pompeis pillar of marble standing néere to the shore vpon a rocky Iland and not farre from hence is a Lanthorne higher then any stéeple whereon there is a pan full of liquor that burneth euery night to giue warning vnto ships how néere they come to shore It is not much vnlike these Lanthornes of Lighorne and Genua The water of this sea is neuer a whit blacker then other seas but it is called black in respect of the dangerous euents in darke and tempestuous nights which happen there and because of the rockes and sands which lie a great way from the maine shore vpon which many vessels are cast away The blacke sea is not farre from Galata for I both went and returned in one day The Turkes haue no bels in their Churches neither the vse of a clocke nor numbring of houres but they haue high round Stéeples for they contrafact and contradict all the formes of Christians when they goe to pray they are called together by the voyce of crying men who go vp on the bartizings of their Stéeples shouting and crying with a shrill voyce La illa Eillala Mahomet Rezul alla that is God is a great God and Mahomet is his Prophet or otherwise there is but one God In Constantinople and many other places of Turky I haue séene thrée Sabboth dayes together in one wéeke the Friday for the Turkes the Saturday for Iewes and the Sunday for the Christians but the Turkes Sabboth is worst kept of all for they will not spare to doe any labour vpon their holy day They haue méetings at their publicke prayers euery day fiue seuerall times the first is before the rising of the Sunne the second is a little before mid-day the third is at three of the clock afternoone the fourth is at Sun-setting Summer and Winter Fifthly the last houre of praier is alwaies two or thrée houres within night Many of them will watch till that time and not sléepe and others sléeping will awake at the voyce of the Crier and go to Church In signe of reuerence and in a superstitious deuotion before they goe into their Mosquées they wash themselues in a Lauatoire beginning at the priuy members next their mouthes faces féet and handes And entring they incline their heads downeward to the earth and falling on their knées doe kisse the ground thrée times Then the Talasumany which is the chiefe Priest mounteth vpon a high stone where he maketh many Orations to Mahomet and the rest to assist him continne a long time shaking their heads as though they were out of all naturall vnderstanding repeating oft this word Haylamo Haylamo and after that will sigh grieuously saying Houpek And sometimes will abruptly sing the Psalmes of Dauid in the Arabick tongue but to no sense nor verity of the Scriptures And at their deuotion they will not tolerate any women in their company lest they should withdraw their mindes and affection from their present zeale The Church-men are called Hadach Casseis or Daruises who weare on their heads gréene Shashes to make distinction betwéene them and others for they are accounted to bee of Mahomets kindred They hold all madde men in great reuerence as Prophets or Saints and if they intend any farre iourney priuate purposes or otherwise before they goe to battell they come to craue counsell of these Santones to know if they shall prosper or not in their attempts And whatsoeuer answere these Bedleem Prophets giue it is holden to be so credible as if an Oracle had spoken it The Turkish Priests are for the most part Moores whom they account to bee a base people in respect of themselues calling them Totseks All Turkes doe detest the colour of blacke and thinke those that weare it shall neuer enter into Paradice But the colour of greatest request among them is greene wherewith if any Christian shall be apparrelled hee shall bee sure of Bastinadoes and other punishments Neither may hee vse the name of their Prophet Mahomet in his mouth vnder the paine of a cruell censure to bee inflicted vpon him whom they so much adore and honour This Mahomet was borne Anno Dom. 591. in Itraripia a beggarly village in Arabia whose father was Abdallas an Ismalite and his mother Cadiges a Iew both different in religion and also of diuers

lying wonders these flattering Friers bring strangers into a wonderfull admiration and although I rehearse all I saw there yet I will not beléeue all onely publishing them as things indifferent some whereof are friuolous and other somewhat more credible but as I said before I will make no or very small distinction in the relation From thence we came without the Easterne gate vnto an immoueable stone vpon the which they said S. Stephen was stoned to death and néere to that we saw Porta aurea that is the golden port called in former times the beautifull Gate of the Temple which the Turkes haue filled vp with stones because of a Prophesie viz. That the Citie was once wonne there and shall bee wonne againe at the same place As we returned to the Couent they brought vs to mount Moriah and shewed vs the place where Abraham offered vp Isaac which is in the custody of Nigroes or Aethiopians Next the place where Iesus said Daughters of Ierusalem mourne not for me c. And néere vnto this where the virgin Mary fell into an agony when Iesus passed by carrying his Crosse. Also not facre hence we beheld the place where as they say Iesus said Mother behold thy Sonne Ascending more vpward they shewed vs the house of Veronica Sancta and said that our Sauiour going by her doore all in a sweate to mount Caluary she brought him a napkin to wipe his face which he receiued and gaue it her againe in which say they the print of his face remaineth to this day and is to be séene at Rome It is also said to be in a Towne in Spaine wherefore I beléeue the one as well as the other As touching the Temple of Salomon which was destroyed there is another great Temple builded in the same place reserued by Turkes for that affection they carry to Salomon néere the which no Christian may come vnder the paine of loosing his head These are all the monuments which in one day I saw within Ierusalem but as for Mount Caluary and the Holy Graue I saw them afterward which in their owne place shall be orderly touched As we were spending that day in these sights the Guardian had prepared an hundred Souldiers sixty Horsmen and forty foot-men to take with him the day following for his conduction to Iordan and the Mountaine in the Wildernesse whore Christ fasted which is his vsuall custome once euery yeare betwéene Palme-sunday and Easter returning againe before Good-Friday These places cannot be viewed saue onely at that time neither may a Pilgrime goe along with the Souldiers vnlesse hee giue the value of seuen French Crownes as a propyne vnto the Lieuetenant that same night after supper the Guardian demanded of vs Trauellers if we would go with him to sée these memorable and singular things vpon the former condition To whom we answered in a generall consent Wée would Early vpon Tuesday morning being all of vs both Friers and Pilgrimes well mounted and Mulets laden for our prouision wee departed from the Citie with our Souldiers and trauelled all that day through a barren and desart Countrey till sun-setting where wee reposed by a standing well till an houre within night After that the Captaine had cried Catethlanga that is march away wee set forward being well guarded round about with our kéepers because we entred into a dangerous way In all this deformed Countrey we saw neither house nor village for it is altogether desartous and inhabited onely by wilde beasts and naked Arabians Before we came néere to Sodome and Gomorha by seuen miles for so we behoued to passe by the East end of it before we could ariue at that place of Iordan which we intended wee I say encountred with such deepe sandy ground that the Mulets were not able to carry vs through whereupon wee all dismounted wrestling and wading aboue the middle part of our bodies and sometimes falling in ouer our heads we were in great danger of perishing Euen in the middest of this turmoyling paine the night being darke the vnwelcomed Arabs inuironed and inuaded vs with a storme of arrowes which they sent from the tops of little hard hils whereupon they stood for knowing the aduantage of the ground they tooke opportunity to giue the more fearfull assaults yet they preuailed nothing although they wounded some of our Souldiers such was the resolute courage of our valorous defendants True it is that in all my trauels I was neuer so sore fatigated or fearfully indangered as I was that night A little after midgnight we left this troublesome way and marched along the Lake of Sodome This Lake is called Mare Mortuum the dead sea for of it selfe it is vnmoneable such is the stability of the water It is also called so because if a bird flie ouer it she presently falleth downe therein dead and as Salomon reporteth of it Wisd. 10.7 it smoaketh continually from whence proceed filthy vapours which deforme the fields lying about for certaine mils as it were blasted scorched and made vtterly barren This smoake I take onely to be but the exhalation of Iordan for this riuer falling into it and there ending his course the two contrary natures cannot agree the one being a filthy puddle and the other a pure water as I shall more approbably record This Lake is eighty miles in length and sixe in bredth being compassed with the rocks of Arabia Petrea on the South on the North with the sandy hils of the wildernesse of Iudea on the West with the steepy Mountaines of Arabia deserta and on the East with the plaine of Iericho How commeth it to passe therefore that the fresh running flood of Iordan falling euermore into this bounded sea that the Lake it selfe neuer diminisheth nor increaseth but alwaies standeth at one fulnesse neither hath it any issuing forth nor reboundeth backwards on the plaine of Iericho which is one of the greatest wonders in the world Wherefore as I haue said it must néeds either exhale to the clouds or otherwise runne downe to Hell for if it ranne vnder the rockes and so burst forth in the desarts it would soone be knowne but in all the bounds of Arabia deserta which betwixt this Lake and the red Sea extend to three hundred miles there is no such matter as brooke or strand much lesse a riuer It bréedeth nor reserueth no kind of fishes and if by the swelling of Iordan any fishes be carryed to it they immediatly die Although Iosephus witnesseth that in his time there was an Apple grew vpon the bankes thereof like to the colour of gold and within was rotten and would consume to powder yet I affirme now the contrary for there is not such a thing whatsoeuer hath béene in his daies as either trees or bushes grow néere to Sodome by many miles such is the consummation of that pestiferous gulfe Diuers Authors haue reported that nothing will sinke into it of any reasonable weight as dead men or carkasses

which haue not that generositie of minde to temper felicitie to bee glutted with the superfluous fruits of doubtfull prosperity Neither haue they a patient resolution to withstand aduersity nor hope to expect the better alteration of time But by an infused malice in their wicked spirits when they are any way calamited will with importunate compulsion cause the poore slauish subiected Christians surrender all they haue the halfe or so forth sometimes with strokes menacings and sometimes death it selfe which plainely doth demonstrate their excessiue cruelty and the poore Christians ineuitable misery I haue often heard Turkes brawle one with another most vilely but I neuer saw or heard that they either in priuate or publique quarrels durst strike one another neither dare they for feare of seuere punishment imposed to such quarrellers But they will iniure and strike Christians who dare not say it is amisse nor strike againe It is a common thing with them to kill their seruants for a very small offence and when they haue done throw them like dogs in a ditch And oftentimes if not so will lay them downe on their backes hoysing vp their heeles bind their feete together and fasten them to a post and with a cudgell giue them thrée or foure hundred blowes on the soales of their féete whereupon peraduenture some euer go lame after Their seruants are bought and sold like bruite beasts in markets neither can these miserable drudges euer recouer liberty except they buy themselues free either by one meane or other Their wiues are not farre from the like seruitude for the men by the Alcoran are admitted to marry as many women as they will or their ability can keep And if it shal happen that any one of these women I meane either wife or concubine prostituteth her selfe to another besides her husband then may he by authority bind her hands and feet hang a stone about her neeke and cast her into a riuer which by them is vsually done in the night But when those Infidels please to abuse poore Christian women against their husbands will they little regard the transgression of the Christian Law who as well defloure their daughters as their wiues yet the deuoute Mahometans neuer meddle with them accompting themselues damned to copulate as they think with the off-spring of dogs The Turkes generally when they commit any copulation with Christians or their owne Sex they wash themselus in a South-running fountaine before the Sun-rising thinking thereby to wash away their sins But now to returne to the Turkes Their custome and manner of mariage is this If a man affecteth a yong maid he buyeth her of her parents and giueth a good summe of mony for her and after she is bought he enrolles her name in the Cadies booke witnessing she is his bound wife bought of her father Loe this is all the forme of their Marriage This being done the father of the woman sendeth houshold-stuffe home with the Bride which is carryed through the streets on Mulets or Camels backes the two new married folkes marching before are conueyed with Musicke their owne acquaintance and friends vnto his house The Turkes in generall whensoeuer they loath or dislike their wiues vse to sell them in Markets or otherwise bestow them on their men-slaues And although their affection were neuer so great toward them yet they neuer eate together for commonly the women stand and serue their husbands at meate and after that they eat apart by themselues secretly without admission of any mankinde in their company if they be aboue foureteene yeares of age They go seldome abroad vnlesse it be each Thurseday at night when they go to the Graues to mourne for the dead alwaies couering their faces very modestly with white or black maskes which are neuer vncouered till they returne to their houses Many other ceremonies they haue which would be too prolixe for me to recite And notwithstanding of all this exernall grauity amongst these hirelings yet there are in Constantinople aboue 40000 brothel-houses Turqueski t s Libertines in any of which if a Christian especially Franckes be apprehended he must either turne Turke or laue all his life But the women by a policy apply a counterpoyson to this seuerity for they accustomably come to the Chambers of their Benefactors and Well-willers or other places appointed secretly where so they learne either a French Syncopa or an Italian Bergemasko The Lent of the Turks is called Byrham which continueth the space of a month once in the yeare in all which time from the Sunne rising to his setting they neither eate nor drinke And at their prayers especially in this fasting they vse often to reiterate these words Hue hue hue that is He he he alone is God or There is but one onely supreme Power which they do in deriston of Christians who as they say adore three Gods They haue also this sinister opinion that at the day of iudgement when Mahomet shall appeare there shall be three displayed Banners vnder the which all good people shall be conducted in Paradise The one of MOSES vnder the which the children of Israel shall be The second of IESVS vnder which Christians shall bee The third of Mahomet vnder the which shall be the Arabs Turkes Moores and Musilmans All which they thinke shall be eleuated to seuerall honours And they in promotion shall bee discerned from the rest by chambers made of replendant light which God will giue them wherein they shall haue banquetings feastings dancing and the best melody can bee deuised They hold also this as a confident Article of their Beleefe that there are seuen Paradises in heauen the pauements whereof are laid with gold siluer pearles pretious stones and garnished with stately buildings and pleasant gardens wherein are all sorts of fruit and Princely Palaces through the which run riuers of milke hony and wine The first Paradice they call it Genete Alcholde the second Alfirduzy the third Anthinak the fourth Reduasch the fift Azelem the sixt Alcodush that is holy and the seuenth Almega that is the greatest And that in the midst of this last Paradise there is a stately tree called Tubah the leafe of which is partly of gold and partly of siluer whose boughes extend round about the walles of this seuenth Paradise whereon the name of Mahomet is written neere to the name of God in these words Alla illa he allah Mahomet Rezul allah The which words are in such reuerence amongst the Turks that a Christian should happen vnaduisedly to repeate them hee is adiudged to a most cruell death or compulsed to renounce his Christian Religion As concerning their opinion of Hell they hold it to be deepe Gulfe betwixt two Mountaines from the mouth whereof are Dragons that continually throw fire being large eight leagues and hath a darke entry where the horrible fiends meete the perplexed sinners conuoying them till they come to a Bridge that is so narrow as the edge of

onely relate them as I was informed There are seuen sorts of Nations different in Religion and language who continually enduring life remaine within this Church hauing incloystred lodgings ioyning to the walles thereof Their victuals are brought daily to them by their familiars receiuing the same at a great hole in the Church doore for the Turkes seldome open the entry vnlesse it be when Pilgrimes come for this purpose each family haue a Bell fastned at their lodging with a string reaching from thence to the Church doore the end wherof hangeth outwardly by the which commodity each furnisher ringing the Bell giueth warning to his friends to come receiue their necessaries The number of those who are tied to this austere life are about 350 persons being Italians Greekes Armenians Aethiopians Iacobines a sort of circumcised Christians Nestorians and Chelfaines of Mesopotamia The day before the resurrection about the houre of Mid-night the whole Sects and sorts of Christians Orientall that were come thither in Pilgrimage and dwelt at Ierusalem conuened together which were about the number of 6000 men women and children for being separated by the Patriarkes in two companies they compassed the Chappell of the holy Graue nine times holding in their hands burning Candles made in the beginning pittifull and lamentable regréetings but in the ending there were touking of Kettle-drummes sounding of horne-trumpets and other instruments dauncing leaping and running about the sepulchre with an intolerable tumult as if they were all mad or distracted of their wits Thus is the prograce of their procession performed in meere simplicitie wanting ciuilitie and gouernment But the Turks haue a care of that for in the midst of all this hurly-burly they run amongst them with long roddes correcting their mis-behauiour with cruell strokes Thus are the slauish people euen at the height of their ceremonious deuotion strangely abused Here the Guardiano offered for ten péeces of gold although my duébe 30 Chickens said he to make me knight of the holy Graue or of the Order of Ierusalem which I refused knowing the condition of that detestable Oath I behooued to haue sworne but I saw two other Pilgrimes receiue that Order of Knight-hood The manner whereof is thus First they binde themselues with a solemne vow to pray enduring life for the Pope King of Spaine and Duke of Venice from whom the Friers receiue their maintenance and also in speciall for the French King by whose meanes they obtaine liberty of the great Turke to frequent these monumentall places Secondly they are sworne enemies to all Protestants and others who will not acknowledge the superiority of the Roman Church Thirdly they must pay yearely some stipend to the order of the Franciscans These attestations ended the Frier putteth a gilded spurre on his right héele causing the yong made knight to stoop down on his knées and lay his hands on the holy Graue after this he taketh a broad sword from vnder his gowne being priuately carried for feare of the Turks which is as he said the sword wherwith victorious Godfrey conquered Ierusalem giueth this new vpstart Caualiero nine blowes vpon his right shoulder Loe here the fashion of this Papisticall Knight-hood which I forsooke After our Guardiano had ended his superstitious rites and ceremonies vpon Easter day wee returned to the Monasterie hauing stayed thrée dayes within that Church Aprill the two and twentie on Munday morning the Padre viccario and the aforesaid Iohn Baptista accompanying vs we rode abrode in the hilly Countrey of Iudea In this dayes iourney the places of any note wee saw were these First where the Daughters of Ierusalem came forth to méete Saul crying Saul hath slaine his thousand and Dauid his his ten thousand Next the valley of Trebin where Dauid slew the great Goliah Thirdly Bezura where Absalom kild his brother Ammon for Thamars sake whereof nothing but the name is onely reserued Fourthly the Castle of Emaus in which our Sauiour was knowne after his resurrection by the two Disciples in breaking of bread Fifthly the valley of Gibeon where the Sun stood at the voyce of Ioshua from his naturall course Ioshua 10 12. Sixthly the Toombe of Samuel ouer the which Moores haue a Moskee erected Seuenthly the Toombes of the valiant Captaine Iudas Macchabeus and his children whereupon are now onely the ruines of an old Chappell And last of all the buriall place of the Noble Family of the Kings and Quéenes of Israel or Ierusalem The entry whereof was so straight that on our backes we behoued to slide downe aboue ten paces vnder the ground with light Candles in our hands In that spacious place wee saw 24 Chambers hewen out of a marble rocke Each roome hath a hanging stone doore of a great thicknesse so artificially done by the skilfull Art of Masons that the rarest spirit of 10000 cannot know how these doores haue béene made so to moue as they do being afirme rocke both below and aboue and the doores haue neither yron nor timber worke about them but by cunning are made so to turne and in that same place where they grew they are squared yea and so exquisitely done that the most curious Carpenter cannot ioyne a péece of boord so neatly as these stone doores ioyne with the Rocke In each of these roomes are two Sepulchres wherein I saw the bones of some of these dead Princes Tuesday the tenth day of my being at Ierusalem we issued forth of the Citie early with our aforesaid Guides riding Westward The first remarkeable thing wee saw was the place as they say where the Crosse grew whereon Christ suffered being reserued by Greekes who haue a Couent builded ouer it That Crosse is said to haue béene of foure sundry kindes of wood and not of one Trée for they shewed vs but one hole wherein it grew and so they hold it to haue béene all of one péece of Oliue trée but this I suspend leauing it to be searched by the pregnancy of riper iudgements then mine About fiue miles further we arriued at a village on the mountaine of Iudea where wee saw a dis-inhabited house in which Elizabeth the mother of S. Iohn Baptist dwelt when Mary came vp from Galile to salute her and néere to this we beheld as they say the Sanctuary wherein Zacharias was stricken dumbe till Elizabeth was deliuered Two miles further on a rocky mountaine we arriued at a caue wherein say they S. Iohn did his penance till he was 19 yeares of age after which time he went downe to dwell at Iordan It is a pretty fine place hewen out of a rock to the which we mounted by 12 steps hauing a window cut through of a great thicknesse of firme stone whence we had the faire prospect of a fruitfull valley and from the mouth of this delectable Grotto gushed forth a most delicious fountaine Returning thence wee passed ouer an excéeding high Mountaine from whence we saw the most part of Iudea and to the

way as we returned our Dragoman shewed vs on the banke of Nylus where a Crocodile was killed by the ingenious policie of a Venetian Marchant being licentiated by the Soldan The match whereof for bignesse and length was neuer seene in that riuer whose body was 22 foote and in compasse of the shoulders 8 foot This cruell beast had deuoured aboue 46 men and women besides other creatures and in his belly were found more then 60 rings of gold and siluer which the miserable bodies had worne in their noses through their cheeks and vnder lips for such is the custome of the people to weare their iewels And if the baser sort cannot attaine to such like then they counterfeit their betters with rings of brasse and lead wearing also on their armes and ankles broade bands of Iron continually The garden wherein the onely and true Balsamo groweth is inclosed with a high wall and daily guarded by Turkes who hardly will suffer any Christian to enter within much lesse the Iewes for not long agoe they were the cause that almost this Balme was brought to confusion The tree it selfe is but of three foot height which keepeth euermore the coloor greene hauing a broad thrée poynted leafe and twice in the yeare it being incised yeeldeth a red water which is the naturall Balsamo Not farre hence there is a place caled Mommeis lying in a sandy desart where are innumerable Caues cut forth of a rock wherunto the corps of the most men in Cayro are carried and interred which dead bodies remaine alwayes vnputrified neither yeeld they any stinking smell Grand Cayro is an admirable great Citie and larger of bounds then Constantinople but not so populous neither so wel builded It was of old caled Memphis was the furthest place that Vlysses in his trauels visited so well memorized by Homer yet a voyage now of no such estimation as that Princely Poet accounted it for his trauels are not comparable to some of these dayes wherein we liue It is situate in a pleasant plaine and in the heart of Aegypt being distant from Nylus about an English mile It was called Cayro Babylonia for there are two Babylons one in Assyria which by the Turks is called Bagdat and the other is this which ioyneth with Cayro nouo The circuit of new Cayre is about 22 miles not speaking of Cayre de Babylon Medin Boulak the great Towne of Caraffar being as Sub-vrbs of many smals maketh vp a little world the length whereof in all is thought to be 28 miles of bredth 14. The principal gates are these Babeh Mamstek which is toward the Wildernesse of the red sea Bebzavillah toward Nylus and Babell Eutuch toward the fields The stréetes are narrow being all of them almost couered and the foundation of their buildings is raised vpon two Stages height to kéepe the people from the parching heate The Bazar or exchange beginneth at the gate of Mamstek and endeth at a place called Babesh At the corners of chiefe places there are horses to be hired that for a small matter a man may ride where so he will to view this spacious spred Citie and change as many horses as he listeth hauing the maisters which owe them to conuoy them There is a great commerce here with all Nations vnder the heauens For by their concurring thither it is wonderfully peopled with infinite numbers Such a multitude and the extreme heate is the cause why the pest is euermore in it insomuch that at some certaine times 10000 persons haue dyed thereof in one day In this Towne you shall euer finde all these sorts of Christians Italians French Greekes Almaines Georgians Aethiopians Iacobines Armenians Syrians Nestorians Amaronites Nicolaitans Abessenes Nubians Slauonians Gofties Ragusans and some captiue Hungarians the number of which is euer thought to bee beyond an hundred thousand people besides all other sorts of Infidels as Turkes blacke and white Moores Musilmans Persians Tartars Indians Iewes Arabians Barbarres and Sarazens From the Castle wherein the Soldan habitateth which is builded on a pretty hill you haue the prospect of the whole Citie the Gardens and Uillages bordering on Nylus and of the most part of the plaine and fertile places of Egypt Aegypt bordereth with Aethiopia and the Desarts of Libia on the South on the North with the sea Medirerrene the chiefest ports whereof are Alexandria and Damietta Toward the Occident with the great lake of Bouchiarah and a dangerous Wildernesse confining therewith so full of wilde and venemous beasts which maketh the West part vnaccessable On the East with a part of the red Sea and desarts of Arabia through which the people of Israel passed In all the land of Egypt which is a great kingdome there is no Well or Fountaine saue onely the riuer Nylus neither doe the inhabitants know what raine is because they neuer sée any This floud irriguateth all the low Plaines of the land once in the yeare which inundation beginneth vsually in Iuly and continueth to the end of August which furnisheth with water all the Inhabiters There is a dry Pond called Machash in the midst whereof standeth a Pillar of eightéene brasses height being equall with the profundity of the ditch whereby they know his increasing and if in the yeare following they shall haue plenty or scarsity of things For when the water beginneth to flow aboue the ordinary course it falleth downe incontinently in this place where it ariseth euery day vpon the pillar sometimes a spanne a foote or two foote At the time of his inunding there are certaine people appointed to watch the limites of his growth For when the water wareth to fiftéene brasses it is a signe that the next yeare shall bee fertile If if amounteth but to twelue that yeare shall be indifferent and it surpasse not nine brasses it presageth a great dearth and famine and if it shall happen to flow to the top all the countrey of Egypt is in danger to bee destroyed From Nylus are many ditches drawne along to the scattered villages in the plaines the water whereof entring in these narrow channels the people haue cisternes made of purpose wherein they receiue it and conserue the same till the next inundation At which time also they make great feastings and rare solemnities dauncing eating drinking singing t●uking of drummes sounding of trumpets and other oftentations of ioy There are infinite venemous creatures bred in this riuer as Crococodiles Scorpions vgly mis-shapen wormes and other monstrous things which annoy oft the inhabitants and also those who tra●●ck on the water This famous floud beginneth vnder the Equinoctiall line in Aethiopia whence it bringeth the full growth downe into Egypt and in a place of the Aethiopian Alpes called Catadupa the fall and roaring of this Nyle maketh the people deafe who dwell néere thereunto The common opinion is that Prester Iehan may impede the course of Nyle to runne through Egypt which bréedeth the cause wherefore the great Turke payeth

duobus Flent Pisae amissum dum contemplantur honorem Geuua habet portum mercesque domosque superbas Excellit studijs foecunda Bononia cunctis Commendant Parmam lac cas●us atque butirum I●alicos versus prefert Papia Latinis Non caret hospitijs perpulchra Placentia caris Mantua guadet aquis ortu decorata Maronis Est Mediolanum iucundum nobile magnum Taurinum exornant virtus pietasque fidesque Hauing passed Torine I kept my way through Piemont or Pede montano and came ouer the stéepe and snowy mountaine of Mount Cola di Tenda after that I had two daies iourney amongst the Rocky and intricating hils of Liguria in which Hanibal had so much ado to conduct his Army to Italy From thence I continued my voyage to Barselona in Spaine where I gaue ouer my purpose in going to Madrile and returned through a part of the Kingdome of Nauarre Crossing the Pirenei Mountaines I visited Langadocke and Gascony and kéeping my way to Burdeux and the inuincible Rochell I arriued at Paris from whence I first began my voyage and there also ended my painefull Pilgrimage Six yeares was I forth of Scotland two yeares whereof I was cleere out of Christendome The computation of the miles I trauelled from Paris till my returne thither againe amounteth to thirteene thousand eight hundred fourscore and odde miles Semper sit DEO laus FINIS Monuments of Antiquitie Famous Authours The brasen Image of S. Peter Superstition of Papists Foure Roman Pilgrimes Damnable illusions of Loretta A false Assertion A Simoniacall Vision A Papisticall dream'd of Oration The shamefull opinions of the Papists concerning Loretta Foure times transported A confirmation by the Popes Borne at S. Andrew in Scotland A battell A true comparison of the Iewes and the Iesuites Pola The kindnesse of a Dalmatian The Iles Tremiti A Monster borne in Lesina Ragusa Corfu Two strong Castles in the I le Corfu A preparation to fight The assault of a Turkish Galley Zante The battell betweene the Christians and Turkes at Lepanto Although Arcadia in former times was pleasant yet it is now for the most part wast and disinhabited Lacedemon in Sparta Athens Kinde Athenians A Priest killed in a Brothell-house lying with a whoore A description of Candie The old and famous Citie of Lanerke A happy deliuerance from Theeues Foure strong Citie Minos Saturne Candie Milo Parir Nicaria Greekes taken captiues Icarus Shipwracke The Toombe of Homer Sio The pride of Greekish Whores The Iles of Orknay and Zetland The Orkadians are kind to strangers boūtifull in Table-cheere and carowsing of healthes and their women are generally faire kind and well complexionate Salonica Pernassus Thebes The Toombes of Troians A description of Troy Sestos and Abydos Colchis The first building of Constantinople Bizantium ruined by Seuerus the Emperour The death of Constantine the Emperour Presoun Lanthorne Superstition The birth of Mahomet The dissimulation of the false Prophet Mahomet Mahomet Sergius a Thalmudist a Iew the three treacherous companions and maine pillars of a damnable Alcoran Illusions of Mahomet Cruelty of Turkes toward their seruants They also punish malefactors three manner of wayes according to the hainousnesse of the offence most seuerely which I haue heere omitted to relate The marriage of Turkes Seuen Paradises The opinion Turkes haue of Hell The beginning of the Turkes His cōcubines conuene once a day and are ranked in a Hall which he doth suruey after his owne pleasure making a signe to her whom hee affecteth who goeth presently with him to his adulterate cabine of lasciuious leachery Smyrna Ephesus Nixa Rhodes The great Colosse Tharsus a decayed Citty in Cilicia where Saint Paul was borne in the chiefest seat of that Countrey Cyprus An enterprise of the Florentines About 400 Greekes were slughtered by the Turkes in the yeare 1607 Tripoly Cedars Coliers religious Greekes This Tree hath seuerall vertues bearing but one Apple at once Diuisions Aleppo The abuses of Infidels A new intended voyage Niniuy Mesopotamia The reposing of the Turkes Damascus Fruites The wickednesse of Arabs Arabia Petrea Deceitfull dealing A Description of the Holy Land Speeches of the Patriarke The villany of Armenians A strange conspiracy The desolation of Tyrus Caffar tribute The courtesie of Turkes The extortion of the Arabian King Sychar of old the chiefest Citie in Samaria is now altogether ruinated A massacre of Armenian pilgrimes Monastery of Friars Antiquity of Ierusalem The oft conquering of Ierusalem The ignorāce of Pilgrimes who can not speake Italian The Abisines are borne naturally blacke and these silly religious men of them that stay at Ierusalem weare on their heads flot round caps of a blackish colour on their bodies linnen clothes Inuasions of Arabs A true description of Sodom and Gomorha Iordans water is of a whitish colour Luke 3.22 A comparison betwixt Iordan and Tybris whose colour and growth are both alike and their courses agreeable thereunto The danger of the Author being left alone vpon the bankes of Iordan A rate kind of Apples The mountain in the wildernesse wherupon Christ fasted 40 dayes A plaine description of the Holy Graue The life of religious Christians An order of Knight-hood Emaus or Nicopoli A Turkish Church Abraham Isaac and Iacob were interred at Hebron Bethleem Acaldema The Idoll Moloch Mount Oliuet The Crownes of the two Kingdomes and the great Armes of Ierusalem are to bee seene ingrauen on his right arme The death of ten Pilgrimes Arabs The nature of Nylus Alexandria