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A28464 Glossographia, or, A dictionary interpreting all such hard words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue with etymologies, definitions and historical observations on the same : also the terms of divinity, law, physick, mathematicks and other arts and sciences explicated / by T.B. Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679. 1661 (1661) Wing B3335; ESTC R25635 507,622 698

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see Brigade Rotal rotalis of or belonging to a wheel By Rote rotatim rowllingly roundly when one has a lesson by heart and says it as roundly and perfectly as a wheel runs in his rota track The French say Par rotine Rotundity rotunditas roundness Rouge Cross and Rogue Dragon the names of two Pursuivants at Arms see Harold Roundel a kind of Ball or such like round substance in Blazon of which Heralds reckon nine sorts Guillim Roundelay a Shepheards dance sometimes used for a Song Roundlet a certain measure of Wine Oyle c. containing eighteen Gallons and an half Rounds Statues and their fragments are so called by Painters Rowland or Rolland Ger. whereas it was antiently written Rodland it may seem to signifie Councel for the Land and the first I finde so named was Landwarden in France under Carolus Magnus against the Piracies of the Normans The Italians use Orland for Rowland by Metathesis Royalist Fr. one that takes the Kings part a Lover of Kingship Royalty the right or prerogative of a King the Royalties of a Mannor are the Waifs Strays Fishing Fowling c. Rubefy rubefacio to make red to make one blush Rubicon the name of a River in Italy over which Julius Caesar passed in the beginning of his Expedition against Pompey whence to pass the Rubicon is used proverbially to undertake a great and dangerous exploit Rubicundous rubicundus very red or ruddy blood red Rubid rubidus reddish somewhat red or ruddy Rubiginous rubiginosus foul musty blasted Rubor Lat. shamefac'dness redness blushing Rubrick rubrica a special title or sentence of the Law or of any book written or printed in red the Calender of Saints and festivals is commonly so called because the chief of them are printed in red letters In the Cannon Law the arguments of every Chapter were written with red Letters which was called the Rubrick and the Text with black Rubricate rubrico to make or colour red with Oaker Rubrificative a Plaister of so strong or strongly drawing Simples that it ulcerates or at least makes red the place it is applied to Cot. Ructation ructatio a belching or breaking winde upward Rudiment rudimentum the first teaching or instruction a beginning a principle Rugosous rugosus full of wrinckles crumples or plaits rough riveled withered Rumbe rhombus a term in Geometry and signifies a whole line in the Compass consisting of two winds as the Line of North and South or that of East and West The Spaniards first gave that name as Peter of Medina takes it upon them yet not out of their own Language but fancying to themselves that the Lines of the Compass as indeed they do much resembled the spars of a Spinning Wheel which in Lat. is called Rhombus from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to turn about they call that Rumbus and the word hath taken Greg. 283. Rumia a Goddess that ruled over sucking children and womens Paps Rumidge to remove any Goods or Luggage out of a place Seamen use it for removing and clearing things in the ships Hold that Goods and Victuals may be well stowed and placed Rumiferate Rumigerate rumifero rumigero to disperse a rumor to carry tidings abroad to tell tales or blaze abroad reports Ruminate rumino to chew the Cud as Neat do also to call to remembrance and consider with ones self to study and think on matters Runcina the Goddess of weeding Running of the Reins see Gonorrhaea Ruption ruptio a bursting tearing or breaking a Rupture Ruptor Lat. a breaker or tearer in pieces a destroyer he that violates Ruptory Fr. Ruptoire a Corrosive or Potential Cauter that which hath strength to break Rural ruralis of or belonging to the Country or Village rustical Rurigene rurigena born dwelling or abiding in the Country Country people Rustication rusticatio a dwelling or abiding in the Country Rusticity rusticitas churlishness rudeness clownishness Rutilate rutilo to shine or glare to make to shine or glister like gold to make bright or yellow Ruttier Fr. Routier a Directory for the knowledge or finding out of courses whether by Sea or Land also an old Traveller one that by much trotting up and down is grown acquainted with most ways and hence an old beaten Soldier or an old crafty Fox c. Ryparographer see in Rhy S. SAbaoth Sabbath Sabbaoth or Sabboth Lat. Sabbatum from the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Scabath i. quievit a day of rest or a time set apart for holy rest which is Friday among the Turks Saturday among the Jews and Sunday or our Lords day among us Christians which instead of the Saturday or Jewish Sabbath was instituted by the Apostles to be kept festival in honor and memory of Christs Resurrection on that day and so hath been observed ever since see Moses Aaron p. 97. Sabaoth in all the Tongues is also an Attribute the Hebrews gave to God Lord of Hosts of Armies and Powers and comes of the Hebr. Tsabaoth signifying Armies or Powers Sabbatical Sabbaticus pertaining to the Sabbath or Seventh day that keeps the Sabbath A Sabbath days journey was among the Jews 2000 cubits now taken for two miles by some by others but for one Sabbatical year was the ●eventh year in which the Jews rested from Tillage and discharged their Debtors whence it was called Shemita Laihova The Lords release Deut 15 2. Levit. 25.1 Sabbatism Sabatismus the celebration of the Sabbath a time of Holy Rest Sabbatarians a sort of Hereticks who celebrate the Jewish Sabbath and not our Lords Day Sabellians a Sect of Hereticks so called from Sabellius their first Founder who held the Father Son and Holy Ghost were onely one Substance and one Person having three Names c. See Antitrinitarians Sable Fr. black colour in Blazon It is also a rich Fur of a Beast so called like and near as big as a Polecar of colour between black and brown and breeds in Russia but most in Tartaria Sacerdotal sacerdotalis belonging to Priests or Church-men Priestly Saccus cum brochia seems to be a service of finding a Sack and a Broach to the King by vertue of a Tenure for the use of his Army Bract. lib. 2. cap. 16. numb 6. Sack of Wool saccus Lanae is a quantity of wool containing six and twenty stone and fourteen pound An. 14. Edw. 3. Stat. 1. cap. 21 See Sarplar Sacramental sacramentalis pertaining to a Sacrament or Oath Sacramentaries Sacramentarii Protestants Huguenots or Calvinists in the Doctrine of the Sacrament Sacrary sacrarium the Place wherein holy things are laid a Sextry or Vestry in a Church Sacre sacro to dedicate to hallow to make immortal Sacriferous sacrifer that bears holy things Sacrificial sacrificialis belonging to a Sacrifice Offering or Oblation Sacrileg sacrilegium the robbing a Church or other holy consecrated place the stealing holy things or abusing Sacraments or holy Mysteries Sacrilegious sacrilegus that robs the Church wicked extremely bad Sacristy sacristia a Vestry in a Church see
for the punishment and suppression of all vagrant and idle Rogues And as they under the Constable command all Dukes Earls Barons Captains and Gensdarms so may they neither give battle make Proclamation nor muster any men without his commandment Cotgr. In the old Saxon it was Marscalc Mate being the general name for a Horse male and female and Scalc signified a kind of servant as Scalco still does in Italian So that Marscalc now Marshal was with our Ancestors Curator equorum one that had the charge of horses and in France a Farrier is still called Mareschal Verst Martgrave See Marcgrave Martial martialis born under the Planet Mars warlike Martial Law is that which depends on the voyce of the King or the Kings Lieutenant or of the General or his Officers in Wars Smith de Repub. Angl. l. 2. c. 3. See Law of Arms. Martichore a beast found in the Indies which hath the face of a Man and the body of a Lyon which counterfeits the sound of Flutes to charm passengers and then entraps and kills them Martingale Fr. a Thong of leather the one end whereof is fastened under the chops of a horse and the other to the fore-Girth betwixt his fore-legs to make him rein well and hinder him from casting up his head Martyrologe martyrologium a book that treats of the acts names and sufferings of Martyrs Mascle Fr. macle a short Lozenge having a square hole in the midst a term in Blazon Masculine masculinus of the male kind manly Masse from the Lat. missa but whether missa be derived from the Hebrew or be a Latin word corrupted is no small controversie They that derive it from the Hebrew conceive it comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Missah which signifies an Oblation or Offering They that account it a Latin word corrupted conceive the Fathers used it instead of missio a sending aeway For in antient times when the Mass or publick Service was ended and the Communicants addressed them selves to be partakers of the holy Eucharist it was a custom to send away the younger for such as were not yet fully instructed and catechised hence missa was taken for and signfied a Sacrifice an Oblation or Offering The old Saxons called al holy days Mass days because they were obliged to hea● Mass on those days Christian Caveat in part See Lammas Massicot Fr. Oaker made of Ceruse or white lead Massilians See Messalians Mastication masticatio a● eating or chewing Mastick mastiche a white and clear gum of a sweet savour and grows on the Lentisk tree in the Island Chios It 's temperate in heat and of a dry binding nature wherefore it strengthens the stomack stays vomiting and stops any issue of blood Some use to rub their teeth with it as well to whiten them as to fasten such as are loose Masticine masticinus of or pertaining to or of the colour of Mastick Mastigophorer mastigophorus a fellow worthy to be whipped also an Usher who with whips removed the people where there was much press Mastruke mastruca a garment that men of Sardinia used a Robe made of Wolves or Deers skins which the Nobles in old time were wont to wear in Winter Mateologie mataeologia vain enquiry or over-curious search into high matters and mysteries Mateotechnie mataeotechnia the vanity which is in science or craft vain knowledge Materia prima Lat. the first matter or subject of all substantial forms whereof all natural bodies consist Materiation materiatio the felling of timber for building preparing of timber wood for service in War Dr. Br. Maternal maternus of or belonging to a mother on the mothers side motherly Maternity maternitas motherhood the being a mother Mathematical mathematicus of or pertaining to the Mathematicks or to a Mathematician Mathematicks mathematica Sciences or Arts taught by demonstration and comprehend four of the Liberal Sciences viz. Arithmetick wherein Algaebra is comprehended Geometry Musick Astronomy wherein the Egyptians and Caldeans first excelled Mathematician mathematicus one skilful in the Mathematicks Mathurins Friers so called being of the order of the Holy Trinity whose principal institute is to redeem poor Christian Captives from the slavery of the Turk to which purpose they beg alms and depute a person of their own to go to Argier c. to carry the price of their redemption Matines matutinum one of the Canonical hours for prayer in the Roman Catholick Church which begins at three of the clock in the morning morning prayers Matricide matricidium the killing of ones mother if from Matricida then it is a Matricide or one that kills his own mother as that cruel Tyrant and monster of men Nero was Matrice matrix the place in the womb where the child is conceived Matrices of Letters or Characters are those Moulds or forms in which the Letters and Characters which Printers use are formed and fashioned by the Letter-founder Matriculate Ital. matriculare to register names It comes of mater a mother For then are young Schollars in an University said to be Matriculated when they are sworn and registred into the Society of their Foster-mother of Learning the University Matrimonial matrimonialis of or belonging to matrimony or Wedlock Maturated maturatus hastened soon finished made ripe Dr. Br. Maturative maturativus apt or helping to ripen Maturity maturitas ripeness fulness of age fitness of time perfection Matutinal matutinalis belonging to the morning or morning prayer Maugre Fr. maulgré i. animo iniquo in spight of ones heart or teeth against ones will As the Wife maugre the Husband Littl. fol. 124. that is wether the Husband will or not Maund Fr. mande a Flasket open Basket or Pannier having handles a Hand-basket Maundy Thursday dies mandati This was the Eve or day next before our Saviours crucifixion and usually called Holy Thursday See more in Day Mausoleum Lat. a famous Sepulchre built by Queen Artemesia in honor of her Husband Mausolus King of Caria and accounted one of the Worlds Wonders it being twenty five Cubits high supported with thirty six curious Pillars and consisting of 411 foot in circuit all of Marble and of famous sculpture of which Martial Aëre nam vacuo pe●dentia Mausolaea Laudibus immodicis Cares ad astra ferunt Hence any sumptuous Monument Tomb or Sepulchre is called a Mausoleum Maxillary Maxillar maxillaris belonging to the jaw-bone Bac. Maxime maxima a rule that may not be denied a proposition an Aphorism or principle in any Art Maxims in Law are the foundations of it and the conclusions of Reason which ought not at any time to be impeached or impugned As for example it is a Maxim that if a man have issue two Sons by divers women and the one of them purchase lands in Fee and die without issue the other brother shall never be his Heir c. with divers like Maximity maximitas exceeding greatness Mazar or Mazer Belg. Maeser or Maser i. a Maple or the knob in the Maple a broad flat standing cup to drink
being of an opening cleansing and dissolving nature Myrrhine Myrrhean myrrhinus of myrrhe made of myrrhe seasoned with myrrhe Myrtle myrtus a little low Tree growing in hot Countries having small dark leaves and bearing berries which are of a binding nature good to stop any issue of blood It is a tender plant not able to endure cold and was wont to be worn by the Roman Captains Garlandwise in triumph when they had obtained any victory without slaughter of men Mystagog●ca● mystagogicus that interprets mysteries or ceremonies that hath the keeping and shewing of Church-Relicks to stranges Treatise of bodies Mystag●gue mystagogus he that hath that office Mysteriarck mysteriarches the master of holy mysteries a chief Prelate Mystical mysticus secret hidden sacred Mystical Theology is nothing else in general but certain Rules by the practise whereof a vertuous Christian may attain to a nearer a more familiar and beyond all expression comfortable conversation with God by arriving unto not onely a belief but also an experimental knowledge and perception of his divine presence after an unexpessible manner in the soul c. Cress Mythologie mythologia a declaration of fables an expounding or moralizing upon a tale Hence Mythologize to expound or moralize a fable or Poetical History N NAdir Arab. the point of heaven directly under our feet opposite to the Zenith which is over our heads A term in Astronomy Naiad●s Nymphs or Fairies of the Rivers and Fountains They have their name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to flow or bubble as the water doth Naiant Fr. nageant a term in Heraldry and signifies swimming or floating Naif Fr. lively quick natural kindly proper no ways counterfeit Jewellers when they speak of a Diamond that is perfect in all its properties as in the water shape cleanness c. say t is a Naif stone others account a Naif stone to be one that is found growing naturally in such perfection as if it had been artificially cut and therefore most esteemed Napaeae Nymphs or Goddesses of the Woods and Mountains from the Greek Nape a wood Napthe naptha a kind of marly or chalky clay whereto if fire be put it so kindleth that if a little water be cast thereon it burns more vehemently liquid or soft bitumen Narcissus Gr. an hearb called white Laus tibi or white Daffodil Poets feign that Narcissus a fair Boy being in love wth himself was turned into a Lilly Narcissine narcissinus of or pertaining to a white Daffodil Narcotique narcoticus that makes a member senceless stupefactive benumming depriving of sence As Narcotic Medicines which make the Patient or some of his members senceless Nard nardus a plant growing in India or Syria called Spikenard Narration narratio a report of a thing a discourse declaration or relation Narrative narratus declarative reporting relating expressing It is also used substantively as Narration Nasicornous from nasus a nose and cornu a horn that hath a horn on his nose or a horned or horny nose Dr. Brown in his Vul. Err. p. 166. speaks of those four kinds of Nasicornous Insects or Beetles described by Muffe●us Natal natalis native natural of or belonging to a nativity or birth Natal or Natalitious gifts munera natalitia among the Grecians the Midwives the fifth day after the childes birth ran about a fire made for the same purpose using that ceremony as a purification of themselves the child on this day the neighbors also sent in gifts or small tokens from which custom that among Christians of the Godfathers sending gifts to the baptized Infant is thought to have flown and that also of the neighbors sending gifts to the mother of it as is still used in Northwales Natation natatio a swiming Nated natus born bred brought forth framed of nature Felth. Nathaniel Heb. the gift of God Naturalist Fr. a natural Philosopher one skilled in the Reason and causes of natural things Naturalize Fr. naturalizer to make a natural Subject to admit into the number of natural Subjects At Rome there were two sorts of Citizens some Cives nati Citizens by birth others Civitate donati Citizens by donation or gift who because they were added unto and registred with the first sort of Citizens were thence called Adscriptitii Cives Naval navalis of or belonging to ships or a Navy of ships The Naval Crown was given to him who first entred the enemies ship in a Sea-fight Naucifie naucifacio to set nought by to dis-esteem Nave Span. that part of a Cart or spinning Wheel wherein the Spokes are set and in which the Axletree runs Naufrage naufragium wrack on the Sea loss detriment shipwrack Navicular navicularis pertaining to ships Navigable navigabilis where ships may pass sailable that will bear a ship Navigerous naviger that will bear a Vessel or Ship Navigator Lat. a Sayler We use to say Sir Francis Drake was the first that sailed round the world which may be true in a mitigated sence viz. that he was the first Captain or person of note that atchieved this enterprize Magellanus perishing in the midst of it and therefore is reported to have given for his Devise a Globe with this Motto Tu primus circumdedisti me This Navigation was begun Ann. 1577. and in two years and a half with great vicissitude of fortune finished Navitie navitas diligence stirring quickness Naulage Fr. the fraight or passage money for transporting any person or thing over the Sea or a River Naumachie naumachia a war or battel at Sea also the place where such battle is fought Nauseate nauseo to have an appetite to vomit also to loath or abhor Nauseative Nauseous nauseosus loathsom against the stomack that makes one ready to cast Nautical Nautick nauticus belonging to ships or Marriners Nazal Fr. the nose-piece of a Helmet the part thereof that covers the nose Nazarite Heb. signifies a man separated or divided The Jews so called those that had vowed themsel●es for some time to God And these Nazarites while their vow lasted were to abstain from Wine and Grapes either green or dry and generally from whatever came from the Vine Tree or might make a man drunk They also cut not their hair and observed divers other ceremonies The date of their vow being expired they presented themselves to the Priest who offered a Sacrifice for them and then their hair was cut and burnt with the Sacrifice after which it was lawful for them to drink wine as before See Numb 6.2.21 The Disciples were first called Nazarites as the Mahumetans still call them from Jesus of Nazareth a Village in Galilee as now Christians from Christ which name was first given them at Antioch by Evodus Patriack thereof who immediately succeeded St. Peter Also certain Heretics so called Of which see Moses and Aaron p. 32. Neades beasts in Samos whose bones are so big they are kept for a marvel and their voice so strong it shakes the earth Neap Tides In the Seamens Dialect are the ebbing or small Tydes
shaking or wagging as men do drawn swords when they threaten others Vibrissation vibrissatio a quavering or warbling in singing a shaking a thing Vicarious vicarius that is in stead or place of another that supplies another mans room and takes pains for him as an under-servant or Vicar Vice versa Lat. contrary to what was before the former course being changed into the opposit or contrary Vicenarious vicenarius belonging to the twentieth Vicennals vicenalia solemn games and vows for twenty and thirty years Vicesimal Vicessme the same with Vicenarious Vicinage See Voisinage Vicinal vicinalis of or belonging to Neighbors or Neighborhood Vicinity vicinitas the company of Neighbors dwelling nigh one Neighborhood nighness likeness Vicissity or Vicissitude vicissitas vicissitudo changing or succeeding by course the turn or course in altering now one now another an interchangeable course Vicount alias Viscount vicecomes signifies with us as much as Sheriff Between which two words I finde no other difference but that the one comes from our Conquerors the Normans and the other from our Ancestors the Saxons Viscount also signifies a degree of Nobility next an Earl which as Camden saith is an old name of Office but a new one of Dignity never heard of among us till Henry the Sixth's dayes But this degree of honor is far more ancient in other Countries See Cassan de gloria Mundi part 5. Consid 55. Victime victima the Beast killed in Sacrifice for Victory an Oblation a Sacrifice Victimate victimo to Sacrifice to make an Oblation Victor Lat. a Conqueror he that overcomes Vidame Vicedominus an honour in France of which there are but four viz. That of Chartres 2. Amiens 3. Chalons And 4. of Gerbery in Beauvois A Vidame was originally the Judge of a Bishops Temporal Jurisdiction or such an Officer to him as the Vicount was to the Count or Earl but in process of time of an Officer he became a Lord by altering his Office into a Fief held of the Bishoprick he belonged to so that even to this day the Estate of all Vidames depends of some Bishoprick or is annexed to the Temporalities thereof and therefore they are no better then Seignieurs Mediocres as the French say though the first of that rank and in all other Priviledges and Rights equal to Vicounts with some advantage of credit in respect of high Jurisdiction which those have usurped by degrees upon their Earls and these had at the first by the gift of their Bishops Videlicet Lat. that is to say to wit It is usually written thus viz. And in the same sence we use i.e. for id est and sometime i. alone Viduation viduatio a dividing a leaving alone a depriving a making widow Viduity viduitas widowhood or the estate of a widow also lack of things Vieter Lat. a Cooper that with hoops bindes Vessels or he that makes baskets or vessels of Osier to be covered with Leather View is a term of Hunting and signifies the print of a Fallow-Deers foot in the ground Vigesimal vigessimus pertaining to the twentieth in number Vigil vigilia a watching abstaining from sleep a watch by night which they used to divide into four parts The first Vigil began at six of the clock in the Evening and continued till nine The second began at nine and continued till twelve The third was from twelve till three And the fourth from three till six in the Morning This word is mentioned Luk. 12.38 Exod. 14.24 Also the Eve or day next before any solemn Feast because then Christians were wont to watch fast and pray in Churches Vigintivirate vigintiviratus the Office of the viginti viri or of twenty men in like authority Tacitus Vigone Fr. a kind of Demicaster or Hat of late so called from the fine Wooll which for the most part they are made of borne by a kind of Sheep of Spain of that name Vigor Lat. strength force lustiness courage Vigorous vigorosus strong firm lusty couragious Vilifie vilifico to make of no reputation or value Vilipend vilipendo to disesteem to make light of not to value Vility vilitas cheapness vileness baseness Villication villicatio the rule of Husbandry under the Master or Owner of a Mannor Viminal viminalis apt to wind or bind belonging to Of●ers or Twigs Vin● Chia the most excellent wines of all Greece so called from the Island Chios now Scio where they are made Vinarious vinarius of or belonging to Wine Vinatorian vinatorius belonging to the dresser of a Vineyard Vincent from vinco victorious overcoming a mans name Vincible vincibilis easie to be vanquished or overcome Vincture vinctura a binding or tying Vindemiatory Vindemial vindemiatorius pertaining to gathering Grapes or ripe Fruit in Harvest serving for such a purpose Vindictive or Vindicative from vindico revengeful apt to vindicate or revenge wreakful avengeful Vineatick vineaticus belonging to Vines apt or that serves for Vines Vinipo●e vinipotor a drinker of Wine a Wine-bibber a Drunkard Vinitorian vinitorius of or belonging to the keeping a Vineyard or Vines Vinolent vinolentus given much to drinking Wine also made with Wine Vinosity vinositas wininess fulness of wine Dr. Br. Vintage Fr. Vendenge Vine-harvest Grape-harvest Grape-gathering Wine making and the season wherein it is made Violate violo to corrupt defile make foul transgress or break as a man doth a Law to misuse Viper vipera a venemous Serpent in some hot Countreys lying much in the earth having a short tail which grates and makes a noise as he goes they are of a yellow colour and sometimes red The Male has but one Tooth on every side but the Female more c. Viperine viperinus belonging to Vipers or Adders Viragin or Virag● Lat. a woman of stout and manly courage a manly or mankinde woman Virason a cool sea-gale of wind so called in Hispaniola or Saint Domingo's Island Virelay Fr. a roundelay Country-ballad or Free-mans Song Virgate of Land virgata terrae See Yard-land Virger See Verger Virginal virginalis Maidenly Virgin-like hence the name of that musical Instrument called Virginals because Maids and Virgins do most commonly play thereon Virgo Lat. one of the Twelve Signs of the Zodiack so called because as a Virgin is barren and unfruitful whilst she lives without man so whilst the Sun continues in this Sign it brings forth nothing but onely ripens such Fruit as the preceding part of the year has brought forth Virgule virgultum a company of young shoots or many young tender Sprigs and Sprouts growing together out of the ground Viridate virido to make green and lusty Viridity viriditas greenness also lustiness strength manliness Virility virilitas manliness mans estate also the privy parts of man Viripotent viripotens ripe for mariage able to lye with a man Virtuoso Ital. a learned or ingenious man or one that is well qualified with vertue and ingenuity Virulency from virus fulness of poison or venome ranckness of savor Virulent virulentus full of poison venemous Viscated