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A29031 Some considerations touching the vsefulnesse of experimental naturall philosophy propos'd in familiar discourses to a friend, by way of invitation to the study of it. Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.; Sharrock, Robert, 1630-1684. 1663 (1663) Wing B4029; ESTC R19249 365,255 580

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〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 says he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Keep the Sabbath and the Lords Day as Holy-days that being dedicated to the remembrance of the Creation and this to that of the Redemption To which we shall adde this second Passage of the same Author 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Let Servants work for five days but on the Sabbath and the Lords-day let them attend in the Church the Doctrine of Godliness To which purpose I remember the most Learned Grotius observes That the converted Emperor Constantine forbad the compelling Christians to appear before Tribunals on either of those Days as being their Festivals Nay and if Modern Travellers do not mis-inform me I finde that divers of the Eastern Churches particularly the Abyssine Christians to this day do as well sanctifie the Sabbath-day in commemoration of Gods having created the World as the Lords-day to commemorate the Resurrection of Christ. And as for the Jews sense of the Fourth Commandment some of the Learnedst of their Criticks are pleas'd to distinguish betwixt the Words Zachôr and Smôr Remember and Keep imploy'd in the Command of solemnizing the Sabbath For the remembring of it they hold to be an act of Religion performable by all Man-kinde that are capable of it and acquainted with its having been commanded though the keeping of it Holy they suppose onely enjoyn'd to the Israelites On which occasion I remember I was one sabbath-Sabbath-day entertain'd at his own Lodgings by a Learned Jew who taught me the Holy Language with Meat then newly dress'd to remove my wonder at which he told me That it was dress'd by Christians who being Gentiles were not oblig'd to the strict and legal observation of the Sabbath But whatever be to be thought of this Jewish Notion yet questionless if the Fourth Commandment do not at least divers other Passages of Scripture do much discountenance their severity who would fright Men from the indagation of Nature And he that shall duly consider divers Texts obvious enough in the Book of Job and the Psalms besides other parts of the Bible will not readily conclude that Natural Philosophy and Divinity are at such variance as the Divines we deal with would perswade us St Paul seems to inform us that the invisible things of God from the Creation of the World are clearly seen being understood by the things that are made even his eternal Power and God-head So that they that were mention'd before are without excuse And though I ignore not that not onely several of the Socinians following their Master Socinus but some few Orthodox Writers are pleas'd to give a very differing Interpretation of that Text and make the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to signifie those things of God that have been Invisible ever since the Creation of the World and referring the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to things not made as we Translate it but done as the Miracles of Christ and his Apostles yet I see no necessity why the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 should be taken in a sense exclusive of the Creation and not at least admitted to take in all the Ways and Methods imployed by God to manifest the invisible things there intimated unto Man And certainly however St Paul may be suppos'd to appear but darkly yet Job was clearly of a differing Opinion from theirs who teach That the study of Nature leads to Atheism For ask now the Beasts says he and they will teach thee and the Fowls of the Air and they shall tell thee or speak to the Earth and it shall teach thee and the Fishes of the Sea shall declare unto thee Who knoweth not in all these that the hand of the Lord hath wrought this And consonantly hereunto which 'twere not amiss for our Adversaries to take notice of we may observe That almost all the Writers of Natural Theology and the most also of those that have labored to demonstrate the Truth of Christian Religion divers of whom have been as well Profound Divines as otherwise Eminent Scholars have undertaken to evince by the consideration of the Universe both that there is a God and that he is the Author of it Which I the rather mention Pyrophilus because I would not be mistaken as if I disputed against Divines in general or were guilty of the least Irreverence towards a Faculty in whose Study I have thought my self oblig'd as a Christian to spend much of my time and especially I would not appear dis-respectful to Divines in England where they have already been but too much vilified though questionless for their Sins against God yet I fear not without the Sin of their Oppressors In the next place I consider That since Physiology is said to tempt to Atheism but by enabling Men to give an account of all the Phaenomena of Nature by the knowledge of Second Causes without taking in the First it will not be so easie a matter as many presume for the contemplation of Nature to turn a considering Man Atheist For we are yet for ought I can finde far enough from being able to explicate all the Phaenomena of Nature by any Principles whatsoever And even of the Atomical Philosophers whose Sect seems to have the most ingeniously attempted it some of the eminentest have themselves freely acknowledged to me their being unable to do it convincingly to others or so much as satisfactorily to themselves And indeed not onely the Generation of Animals is a Mystery which all that Naturalists have said to explain it hath been far enough from depriving of that Name but we see that to explicate all the various Phaenomena that belong to that single in●nimate and seemingly homogeneous Body Mercury so as not to make any Hypothesis assum'd to make out one of its Properties or Effects incongruous to any other Hypothesis requisite to the explanation of any of the rest hath been hitherto found so difficult that if our Posterity be not much happier Unriddlers then our Fore-Fathers or we have been it is like to prove a Task capable of defeating the Industry and Attempts I say not of more then one Philosopher but of more then one Age even our Chymical Tortures hitherto having from that deluding Proteus forc'd no Confessions that bring us not more Wonder then Satisfaction and do not Beget almost as many Scruples as they Resolve ESSAY IV. Containing a requisite Digression concerning those that would exclude the Deity from intermedling with Matter I Ignore not that not onely Leucippus Epicurus and other Atomists of old but of late some Persons for the most part Adorers of Aristotle's Writings have pretended to be able to explicate the first Beginning of Things and the World 's Phaenomena without taking in or acknowledging any Divine Author of it And therefore though we may elsewhere by the assistance of that Author have an opportunity to give You an Account of our unsatisfiedness with the Attempts made by some bold Wits in favor of such Pretensions Yet since the
a Wine unknown to most other Regions of the World of the Fruit of Acaju which yet upon his experience he much commends telling us That it is strong enough to inebriate and may he doubts not be kept good many Years and that though it be astringent yet both in himself and others he found it diuretical In the Barbada's they have many Drinks unknown to us such as are Perino the Plantane-drink Grippo Punch and the rare Wine of Pines by some commended more then the Poets do their Nectar some of which we therefore make not because the Vegetables whereof they are produc'd grow not in these colder Climats But others also they have which we have not though they are made of Plants to be met with in our Soil as for instance the drink they call Mobbie made of Potato's fermented with Water which being fit to drink in a very few days and easie to make as strong almost as the maker pleaseth would be of excellent use if it were but as wholsome as it is accounted pleasant In the Turkish Dominions where Wine properly so call'd is forbidden by Mahomet's Law the Jews and Christians keep in their Taverns a Vinous Liquor made of fermented Raisons after a manner which when we shall elsewhere acquaint you with it you will easily discern to be capable of much improvement from the knowledge of Fermentation And indeed by the bare fermenting of Raisons and Water in a due proportion without the help of Barm Leaven Tartar or other additament to set them a working we have divers times in a few days prepar'd a good Vinous Liquor which having for tryals sake distilled it afforded us greater store then we expected of inflammable Spirit like that of other Wine But I have sometimes wondered that Men had no more curiosity to try what Drinks may be made of the Juices obtainable by wounding or cutting off the parts of several Trees and some other Vegetables For that in the East Indies their Sura is made of the Liquor dropping from their wounded Coco Trees we have not long since out of Linscoten informed you And sober Eye-witnesses have assured us That in those Countrys they have but too often seen the Seamen drunk by the use or Liquors weeping out of the Incisions of wounded Vegetables and afterwards fermented And that even in Europe the Alimental Liquor drawn by Trees from the Earth may receive great alterations from them before it be quite assimulated by them may be gathered from the practice of the Calabrians and Apulians who betwixt March and November do by Incisions obtain from the common Ash Tree and the Ornus which many Botanists would have to be but a wilde Ash a sweet Juice so like to the Manna adhearing in that Season to the Leaves of those kinde of Trees that the Natives call it in their Language Manna del corpo or Trunk-manna and least we should think they draw all this sweetness from the Soil of that particular part of Italy where they grow you may be satisfied by the Learned Chrysostomus Magnenus in his Treatise De Manna that it is to be met with in several other places And he adds That in the Dukedom of Milane where he professeth Physick there is no other Manna used then that which is as he speaks Vel è trunco expressum which he somewhere calls Manna Truncinum aut in ramis stiriatim concretum and that yet it is safely and prosperously used I had communicated to me as a rarity a secret of the King of Polands which is said to do wonders in many Diseases and consists onely in the use of the Liquor which drops about the beginning of the Spring from the bar'd and wounded Roots of the Walnut-tree but because I have not yet made tryal of it my self I shall pass on to observe to you that in some Northern Countries and even in some parts of England bordering upon Scotland the almost insipid Liquor that weeps in March or the beginning of April out of the transversly wounded Branches not Trunks of the Birch-tree is wont to be used by Persons of Quality as a preservative from the Stone against which cruel Disease Helmont highly extols a Drink made of this Liquor and semen dauci and Beccabunga and I think not without cause For not to mention all the commendations that have been given me of it by some that use it I have seen such strange relief frequently given among others to a Kins-man of mine to whom hardly any other Remedy though he tryed a scarce imaginable variety was able to give ease and in whose dissected Bladder after another Disease had kill'd him a Stone of many Ounces was found that I usually every Spring take care to provide a quantity of this Water with which alone without the other Ingredients mentioned by Helmont my Kins-man used to be relieved as long as he could keep it which you may do the longer by pouring upon the top of it a quantity of Sallet Oyl to defend it from the Air and perhaps also by Distillation By which last named way I know an Ingenious Man that is wont to preserve it for his own use and says he findes it not thereby impair'd in virtue But the most effectual way that ever I yet practiced Pyrophilus to preserve both this and other Liquors and Juices is dexterously and sufficiently to impregnate them with Fume of Sulphur which must be at divers and often times as it were incorporated with the Liquor by due agitation the manual Operation belonging to this Experiment I may hereafter have occasion to describe more fully together with the particular Effects of it in several Bodies And therefore it may here suffice to tell you that if you practice it carefully you will perhaps think your self oblig'd to thank me for the discovery of it though a heedful Reader may finde it not obscurely hinted in Helmont's Writings I might here annex the great commendation which I have found given to this Birch-water by eminent Writers against the hot d●stempe●s of the Liver and divers other affections and especially how Freitagius commends it very much to dilute Wine with and adds Haec est dulcacida grati saporis sitim sedat viscerum sanguinis fervorem temperat obstructiones reserat calculum pellit But I suppose you will think it high time for me to proceed to another subject and indeed I should not have spent so much time in discoursing of Drinks but that I am apt to think that if there were greater variety of them made and if they were more skilfully ordered they might by refreshing the Spirits and insensibly altering the mass of Blood prevent and cure without weakning or much troubling the Patient almost as many Diseases as the use of our common unwholesome and sophisticated Wines is wont to produce For in Fermentation the Sulphurous as Chymists call them the Active and the Spirituous parts of Vegetables are much better loosened and more intirely separated