lipsius_n affirm_v that_o in_o his_o day_n there_o be_v more_o university_n in_o germany_n then_o in_o all_o christendom_n beside_o at_o this_o day_n they_o reckon_v above_o thirty_o university_n beside_o gymnasia_fw-la in_o the_o empire_n and_o most_o of_o these_o be_v as_o well_o stock_v with_o scholar_n as_o any_o university_n in_o europe_n it_o be_v report_v that_o when_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v found_v the_o university_n at_o prague_n and_o give_v equal_a privilege_n to_o bohemian_o polander_n and_o german_n the_o city_n be_v overburdened_a with_o scholar_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o retrench_v his_o favour_n and_o within_o a_o week_n after_o this_o decree_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n no_o less_o than_o 24000_o scholar_n flee_v out_o of_o prague_n and_o not_o long_o after_o sixteen_o thousand_o more_o follow_v they_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o in_o that_o one_o university_n there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n more_o student_n than_o almost_o any_o other_o nation_n in_o europe_n can_v show_v and_o more_o scholar_n in_o prague_n then_o inhabitant_n in_o most_o great_a city_n in_o the_o year_n 1409_o there_o be_v reckon_v forty_o four_o thousand_o scholar_n under_o the_o rectorship_n of_o john_n huss_n which_o be_v a_o incredible_a number_n if_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_o they_o surpass_v the_o slender_a multitude_n which_o any_o of_o our_o modern_a university_n can_v brag_v of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n be_v still_o exceed_o zealous_a in_o keep_v up_o the_o state_n and_o grandeur_n of_o their_o university_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o they_o so_o much_o pride_n themselves_o in_o as_o the_o number_n of_o scholar_n which_o their_o dominion_n afford_v the_o german_n be_v all_o of_o they_o exceed_o industrious_a in_o their_o several_a calling_n and_o profession_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o their_o scholar_n study_v as_o hard_o as_o their_o rustic_n drudge_n the_o hebrew_n tongue_n be_v nowhere_o so_o general_o study_v as_o among_o the_o german_n and_o few_o attain_v to_o so_o great_a a_o knowledge_n of_o it_o as_o they_o ordinary_o do_v this_o kind_n of_o study_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v its_o first_o original_n from_o a_o mutual_a exchange_n of_o language_n betwixt_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o jew_n since_o no_o european_a tongue_n be_v so_o general_o speak_v by_o the_o jewish_a merchant_n as_o high_a dutch._n the_o great_a accusation_n which_o foreigner_n have_v hitherto_o lay_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a be_v that_o they_o be_v general_o trouble_v with_o too_o great_a a_o itch_n of_o print_v though_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o publish_v but_o the_o state_n of_o a_o question_n or_o a_o few_o common-place_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o writing_n of_o their_o cotemporary_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o a_o little_a more_o moderation_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o publish_v those_o million_o of_o supposition_n and_o disputation_n which_o yearly_a overstock_n the_o fair_n at_o franckfurt_n leipsic_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o suppose_v the_o great_a thing_n propose_v in_o print_v of_o these_o philosophical_a pamphlet_n be_v first_o the_o hinder_v of_o every_o poor_a fellow_n from_o take_v a_o degree_n since_o no_o man_n can_v be_v a_o graduate_n in_o germany_n who_o have_v not_o publish_v one_o such_o disputation_n at_o least_o and_o second_o the_o maintain_v the_o many_o press_n which_o be_v in_o each_o university_n there_o have_v be_v in_o germany_n in_o all_o age_n since_o learn_v first_o flourish_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o still_o continue_v to_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o famous_a man_n excellent_o skilled_a in_o all_o art_n and_o science_n of_o who_o we_o shall_v not_o in_o this_o place_n trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o catalogue_n but_o refer_v he_o to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o the_o several_a province_n where_o he_o may_v expect_v to_o find_v most_o of_o they_o mention_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o particular_a university_n in_o which_o they_o flourish_v of_o the_o ingenious_a invention_n of_o the_o german_n and_o their_o skill_n in_o mechanics_n no_o man_n however_o prejudice_v against_o the_o german_a nation_n will_v deny_v that_o they_o be_v incomparable_o excellent_a at_o the_o mechanical_a part_n of_o learning_n they_o be_v admirable_a at_o chemistry_n medicinal_a composition_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o physico-mathematical_a experiment_n but_o beside_o the_o improvement_n of_o these_o and_o many_o other_o part_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n they_o have_v have_v the_o repute_n of_o be_v account_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o two_o great_a requisite_n of_o scholar_n and_o soldier_n viz._n printing_n and_o gunpowder_n albertus_n magnus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o dominican_n friar_n be_v the_o first_o that_o practise_a chemistry_n in_o germany_n and_o teach_v it_o public_o after_o he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o and_o several_a other_o religious_a order_n addict_v themselves_o to_o this_o kind_n of_o study_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o which_o there_o be_v as_o great_a convenience_n here_o as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n in_o europe_n among_o the_o rest_n one_o barthold_n schwartz_n a_o franciscan_a friar_n have_v make_v a_o great_a proficiency_n in_o this_o art_n and_o have_v at_o several_a time_n communicate_v many_o rare_a experiment_n to_o his_o fraternity_n one_o time_n have_v mingle_v some_o dry_a earth_n sulphur_n and_o saltpetre_n with_o some_o other_o ingredient_n in_o a_o earthern_a crusible_a and_o place_v they_o on_o a_o hot_a fire_n in_o order_n to_o some_o preparation_n or_o other_o on_o a_o sudden_a the_o vessel_n be_v break_v into_o a_o thousand_o piece_n with_o a_o wonderful_a noise_n and_o violence_n at_o first_o he_o be_v amaze_v at_o the_o unexpected_a event_n but_o afterward_o have_v often_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n he_o begin_v to_o imagine_v there_o may_v be_v more_o in_o the_o business_n than_o he_o look_v for_o and_o fancy_v that_o this_o lucky_a hit_v might_n if_o well_o improve_v give_v occasion_n to_o a_o invention_n far_o beyond_o his_o first_o expectation_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v a_o long_a iron_n pipe_n to_o be_v make_v with_o a_o touchhole_n this_o he_o cram_v full_a of_o those_o ingredient_n which_o he_o have_v observe_v to_o contribute_v most_o to_o the_o forementioned_a effect_n and_o put_v some_o small_a stone_n above_o they_o which_o be_v quick_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o combustible_a matter_n be_v fire_v throw_v out_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o violence_n than_o the_o first_o accident_n have_v produce_v this_o be_v the_o first_o original_n of_o gun_n which_o happen_v say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o vera_fw-la inuenta_fw-la germaniae_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1380_o but_o either_o that_o author_n be_v gross_o mistake_v or_o his_o book_n be_v false_a print_v i_o suppose_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o year_n 1330._o for_o some_o time_n the_o invention_n be_v keep_v private_a and_o communicate_v only_o to_o some_o private_a friend_n but_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o german_n as_o volaterran_n tell_v we_o discover_v the_o secret_a to_o the_o venetian_n when_o they_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o genovese_n and_o how_o grateful_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o kindness_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o city_n of_o milan_n verona_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o venetian_n soon_o after_o by_o the_o help_n of_o gun_n take_v from_o the_o german_n and_o have_v not_o to_o this_o day_n restore_v they_o if_o it_o have_v be_v possible_a to_o have_v confine_v the_o art_n of_o make_v gunpowder_n to_o christendom_n only_o the_o christian_n may_v have_v be_v in_o a_o better_a posture_n of_o defence_n against_o the_o turk_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n then_o now_o they_o be_v and_o have_v the_o german_n keep_v their_o own_o counsel_n they_o may_v by_o this_o mean_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_v not_o only_o of_o europe_n but_o the_o whole_a world_n so_o terrible_a and_o irresistible_a be_v great_a gun_n and_o mortar-piece_n upon_o their_o first_o appearance_n but_o within_o a_o short_a time_n the_o jew_n who_o always_o swarm_v in_o germany_n have_v pry_v into_o the_o secret_a and_o immediate_o out_o of_o spite_n to_o christianity_n and_o hope_n of_o great_a gain_n to_o themselves_o teach_v the_o turk_n the_o whole_a art_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o muscovite_n do_v still_o mortal_o hate_v the_o jew_n and_o as_o most_o pernicious_a creature_n in_o a_o christian_a commonwealth_n forbid_v they_o to_o traffic_v in_o their_o dominion_n after_o the_o venetian_n the_o merchant_n on_o the_o baltic_a be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v use_v of_o gun_n at_o sea_n in_o the_o the_o year_n 1347_o the_o english_a take_v calais_n by_o the_o help_n of_o gun_n the_o french_a have_v the_o art_n from_o the_o english_a who_o they_o requite_v just_a as_o well_o as_o the_o venetian_n do_v the_o german_n though_o not_o with_o so_o
present_a royal_a family_n but_o if_o this_o be_v extinct_a the_o vlan_n have_v a_o right_a to_o return_v again_o to_o that_o honour_n the_o most_o promise_a of_o the_o tartar_n youth_n attend_v upon_o the_o cham_n person_n most_o of_o the_o courtier_n and_o great_a person_n be_v very_o rich_a with_o the_o booty_n get_v chief_o from_o the_o christian_n be_v splendid_o clothe_v keep_v good_a house_n and_o live_v as_o well_o as_o the_o noble_a turk_n they_o wear_v no_o sort_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o court_n they_o live_v in_o house_n also_o and_o upon_o their_o land_n which_o they_o husband_n by_o their_o slave_n and_o their_o herd_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o other_o tartar_n their_o retainer_n the_o tartar_n rare_o merchandise_n or_o exercise_v any_o manual_a art_n rather_o choose_v to_o live_v miserable_o and_o poor_o than_o not_o idle_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o cham_n be_v 1._o the_o donative_n and_o present_v send_v he_o yearly_o from_o all_o the_o neighbour-prince_n by_o their_o own_o ambassador_n 2._o tribute_n of_o christian_n jew_n tartar_n and_o in_o sum_n all_o except_o the_o turk_n under_o his_o dominion_n 3._o the_o turk_n pay_v every_o day_n to_o the_o cham_n twenty-five_o dollar_n to_o the_o galga_n twelve_o and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o sultan-hostage_n two_o and_o a_o half_a beside_o land_n all_o the_o great_a person_n also_o have_v salary_n but_o uncertain_a 4._o he_o have_v the_o ten_o of_o all_o the_o slave_n take_v and_o for_o every_o one_o beside_o of_o better_a quality_n three_o crown_n and_o for_o other_o each_o one_o dollar_n 5._o every_o well_o pay_v he_o a_o horse_n 6._o the_o rich_a and_o better_a sort_n of_o tartar_n furnish_v he_o with_o provision_n and_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n all_o the_o nation_n contribute_v 7._o he_o have_v vast_a herd_n and_o flock_n keep_v by_o his_o factor_n 8._o he_o coin_v copper-money_n which_o be_v only_a current_n in_o his_o dominion_n and_o once_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n he_o call_v it_o all_o in_o and_o coin_v a_o new_a sort_n the_o force_n of_o the_o chan_n be_v esteem_v in_o all_o such_o as_o they_o be_v to_o amount_v to_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n foot_n he_o have_v none_o but_o what_o he_o borrow_v from_o the_o turk_n as_o he_o do_v common_o a_o few_o janissary_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o his_o person_n when_o he_o go_v to_o war_n the_o ordinary_a tartar_n live_v miserable_o it_o be_v by_o most_o author_n report_v that_o it_o be_v some_o day_n after_o their_o birth_n that_o they_o first_o open_v their_o eye_n their_o mother_n or_o nurse_n wash_v they_o every_o day_n in_o salt-water_n to_o harden_v and_o thicken_v their_o skin_n against_o cold_a which_o some_o in_o poland_n use_v also_o and_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_a for_o from_o seven_o year_n old_a that_o they_o leave_v their_o cantares_fw-la their_o late-walking_a habitation_n they_o never_o sleep_v in_o a_o house_n but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n though_o frost_n and_o snow_n nor_o eat_v they_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o they_o shoot_v down_o with_o their_o arrow_n and_o at_o twelve_o or_o fifteen_o year_n old_a they_o go_v to_o war_n with_o their_o father_n their_o clothing_n at_o best_a be_v a_o short_a shirt_n with_o a_o pair_n of_o course_n drawer_n and_o a_o sheeps-skin_n with_o the_o wool_n upon_o it_o over_o their_o shoulder_n garment_n very_o insufficient_a against_o cold_a their_o walk_a cabans_n or_o house_n be_v make_v of_o reed_n osier_n or_o the_o like_a weave_v like_o basket_n twelve_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n wide_a cover_v either_o with_o a_o course_n hairy_a feel_v or_o cloth_n incommodious_a enough_o in_o every_o respect_n their_o ordinary_a diet_n be_v flesh_n almost_o raw_a though_o dead_a of_o sickness_n or_o putrify_a without_o bread_n or_o salt_n and_o sauce_v with_o the_o sweat_n and_o foam_n of_o their_o horse_n only_a garlic_n they_o eat_v in_o abundance_n which_o they_o think_v help_n to_o digest_v their_o undress_v meat_n a_o life_n certain_o not_o desirable_a nor_o to_o be_v embrace_v by_o any_o but_o such_o as_o know_v no_o better_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o many_o of_o they_o among_o the_o muscovite_n leave_v their_o barbarism_n and_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o civility_n and_o religion_n of_o the_o russes_z all_o of_o they_o intermarry_v into_o their_o own_o nation_n render_v they_o all_o like_a to_o one_o another_o that_o be_v they_o be_v of_o mean_a stature_n yet_o square_a and_o big-limmed_a thick_a shoulder_n short_a neck_n great_a head_n broad_a face_n large_a forehead_n large_a and_o black_a eye_n which_o they_o open_v but_o half_a short_a nose_n which_o some_o of_o they_o break_v when_o they_o be_v child_n narrow_a mouth_n tan_a colour_n black_a and_o stiff_a hair_n each_o one_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o war_n carry_v with_o he_o two_o or_o three_o horse_n at_o least_o a_o sword_n a_o bow_n and_o quiver_n with_o about_o twenty_o arrow_n a_o knife_n tinderbox_n a_o awl_n to_o mend_v his_o bridle_n etc._n etc._n a_o dial_n with_o a_o needle_n and_o a_o striag_n to_o bind_v his_o prisoner_n their_o horse_n also_o which_o they_o call_v baquemate_n be_v long_o raw-boned_a low_a and_o very_o ugly_a their_o mains_fw-fr and_o tail_n long_a and_o tufty_o yet_o incomparable_a for_o service_n usual_o march_v twenty_n or_o thirty_o league_n without_o draw_v bit_n but_o the_o cham_n myrza_n and_o great_a person_n among_o they_o have_v turkish_a persian_a and_o arabian_a horse_n which_o they_o buy_v at_o very_o great_a rate_n as_o also_o good_a armour_n coat_n of_o mail_n excellent_a fire-arm_n etc._n etc._n the_o chief_a thing_n for_o which_o they_o be_v remarkable_a and_o what_o be_v least_o understand_v concern_v they_o be_v their_o manner_n of_o war_a which_o be_v not_o as_o most_o suppose_v by_o violence_n and_o open_a force_n but_o by_o cunning_a and_o artifice_n in_o this_o manner_n suppose_v they_o will_v invade_v poland_n if_o the_o cham_n go_v in_o person_n he_o march_v seldom_o few_o than_o eighty-thousand_a strong_a if_o a_o mirza_n command_v seldom_o more_o than_o fifty_o thousand_o and_o they_o always_o choose_v the_o winter_n when_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v and_o the_o rather_o in_o a_o snow_n the_o hard_a slippery_a way_n beat_v their_o horse_n foot_n which_o be_v not_o shod_a except_o some_o few_o which_o have_v piece_n of_o ox_n hoof_n sow_v to_o they_o they_o make_v very_o short_a march_n ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n a_o day_n and_o they_o contrive_v that_o their_o return_n may_v be_v before_o the_o river_n be_v thaw_v which_o they_o seldom_o be_v till_o march._n they_o march_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a through_o valley_n low_a and_o unfrequented_a place_n to_o conceal_v themselves_o from_o the_o scout_n of_o the_o cossack_n nor_o do_v they_o at_o night_n make_v any_o fire_n they_o continual_o send_v out_o scout_n to_o catch_v some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o get_v notice_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o march_v common_o a_o hundred_o i.e._n three_o hundred_o horse_n each_o man_n have_v three_o horse_n in_o front_n which_o take_v up_o near_o a_o thousand_o pace_n and_o in_o file_n when_o most_o close_o they_o reach_v three_o large_a league_n but_o when_o they_o march_v loose_o ten_o league_n a_o army_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o have_v above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n they_o make_v a_o halt_v every_o hour_n at_o a_o whistle_n and_o alight_v that_o themselves_o and_o horse_n may_v urine_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o three_o tierce_v then_o whereof_o march_n in_o a_o body_n the_o other_o three_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o which_o make_v the_o two_o wing_n the_o body_n march_v slow_o but_o without_o give_v any_o more_o rest_n than_o a_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o utmost_a whither_o they_o design_v to_o go_v nor_o do_v they_o much_o harm_n till_o they_o come_v thither_o but_o when_o they_o return_v which_o be_v by_o another_o way_n the_o wing_n divide_v themselves_o into_o small_a troop_n and_o ravage_v every_o way_n ten_o or_o twelve_o league_n and_o then_o pillage_n burn_v and_o kill_v all_o that_o resist_v those_o that_o yield_v they_o bound_v and_o carry_v away_o prisoner_n all_o their_o cattle_n also_o they_o carry_v away_o only_o the_o hog_n they_o gather_v into_o a_o house_n and_o set_v fire_n into_o the_o four_o corner_n and_o so_o burn_v they_o as_o unclean_a creature_n as_o soon_o as_o these_o wing_n have_v ravage_v so_o far_o they_o return_v to_o the_o body_n which_o be_v easy_o find_v by_o their_o tract_n and_o as_o many_o more_o be_v send_v out_o in_o like_a manner_n and_o after_o their_o return_n as_o many_o more_o so_o that_o they_o all_o plunder_v and_o the_o body_n never_o diminish_v nor_o ever_o march_v more_o than_o a_o footpace_n in_o very_o good_a order_n to_o be_v
shall_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o interrex_n of_o poland_n that_o in_o every_o such_o election_n the_o lithuanian_a and_o polish_v nobility_n shall_v have_v equal_a power_n in_o give_v of_o voice_n that_o whoever_o by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n of_o both_o nation_n shall_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v pronounce_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v always_o be_v have_v in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o country_n that_o the_o parliament_n shall_v sit_v in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n by_o turn_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o the_o moscovite_n make_v many_o and_o terrible_a incursion_n into_o lithuania_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o that_o success_n that_o a._n d._n 1655_o he_o take_v vilna_n this_o hold_v he_o keep_v till_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o oppress_v he_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n drive_v he_o out_o and_o make_v he_o retreat_n as_o far_o as_o the_o confine_n of_o moscovy_n however_o the_o war_n cease_v not_o till_o in_o january_n 1667_o a_o truce_n for_o thirteen_o year_n be_v agree_v on_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o polockz_n vitepski_n duneburg_n and_o the_o hither_o liefland_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o polander_n provide_v that_o nevel_n vieliss_n and_o sebisch_n be_v except_v from_o the_o palatinate_v of_o polockz_n and_o vitepski_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v retain_v smolensko_n sevir_n and_o all_o the_o vkrain_n beyond_o boristhenes_n that_o kiow_n after_o two_o year_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n soil_n soil_n which_o yield_v good_a store_n of_o venison_n and_o fish_n the_o forest_n also_o afford_v they_o great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o pitch_n the_o land_n be_v tolerable_o fruitful_a but_o the_o extreme_a cold_a too_o often_o spoil_v their_o 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of_o such_o inequality_n of_o temper_n proceed_v from_o the_o unreasonable_a slavery_n that_o landlord_n force_v their_o tenant_n to_o undergo_v if_o you_o have_v but_o a_o good_a train_n of_o attendance_n you_o may_v uncontrolable_o plunder_v any_o peasant_n house_n in_o the_o land_n and_o if_o you_o please_v give_v he_o a_o kick_n into_o the_o bargain_n he_o dare_v not_o open_a his_o mouth_n except_o to_o give_v you_o thanks_o for_o give_v over_o when_o you_o be_v weary_a they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n five_o or_o six_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o if_o he_o spare_v they_o as_o be_v usual_o monday_n they_o must_v work_v on_o sunday_n for_o themselves_o if_o any_o ask_v they_o a_o reason_n why_o they_o labour_v that_o day_n they_o will_v ready_o reply_v ought_v we_o not_o to_o eat_v on_o sunday_n as_o well_o as_o other_o day_n in_o their_o war_n with_o poland_n they_o give_v a_o sad_a testimony_n of_o their_o barbarous_a cruelty_n the_o usual_a attendant_n of_o a_o low_a spirit_n by_o deny_v quarter_n to_o all_o captive_n rip_v up_o woman_n with_o child_n murder_v of_o infant_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o regardless_o of_o oath_n and_o promise_n nova_fw-la totius_fw-la livoniae_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n the_o rustic_n eat_v bread_n make_v of_o the_o ear_n of_o wheat_n not_o winnow_v nor_o thresh_v this_o they_o call_v duonos_n a_o gift_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v bread_n bozydar_n and_o the_o german_n gottes-gab_a the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o not_o proverb_n be_v more_o ordinary_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o lithvanians_n then_o dieva_n dave_v dantes_fw-la dosi_fw-la duonos_fw-la i_o e._n god_n that_o give_v tooth_n will_v give_v bread_n the_o rest_n of_o their_o diet_n be_v flesh_n herb_n and_o root_n of_o which_o they_o have_v plenty_n the_o most_o general_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o brandy_n make_v of_o corn._n beside_o this_o they_o have_v some_o beer_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o mead_n boil_v with_o hops_n which_o be_v keep_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o in_o nobleman_n house_n of_o late_o there_o have_v be_v bring_v hither_o great_a quantity_n of_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n from_o konigsberg_n and_o other_o place_n near_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o lithvanians_n general_o as_o well_o in_o city_n as_o village_n speak_v the_o russian_a language_n and_o write_v all_o plead_n and_o proceed_n of_o courts-judicature_n in_o that_o tongue_n however_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mixture_n of_o latin_a word_n in_o their_o talk_n which_o seem_v to_o confirm_v the_o story_n of_o palaemon_n so_o for_o ignis_fw-la they_o say_v ugnis_fw-la unda_fw-la wanda_fw-la aer_fw-la oras_fw-la sol_fw-la soul_fw-mi mensis_fw-la menuo_fw-la dies_fw-la diena_fw-la ros_fw-fr rasa_fw-la deus_fw-la diewas_n vir_fw-la viras_n etc._n etc._n beside_o they_o have_v many_o polish_v word_n though_o these_o two_o language_n be_v not_o original_o the_o same_o the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v as_o common_a here_o as_o in_o poland_n and_o you_o shall_v not_o meet_v a_o lithvanian_a from_o a_o duke_n to_o a_o ploughman_n that_o can_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n in_o that_o language_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o greek_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o write_v for_o they_o call_v letter_n goomata_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unless_o perhaps_o they_o have_v they_o more_o immediate_o from_o the_o russian_n who_o use_v the_o same_o word_n no_o nation_n in_o europe_n have_v be_v more_o besot_v with_o idolatry_n than_o lithvania_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o false_a god_n they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n greek_n roman_n and_o indian_n be_v great_a worshipper_n of_o serpent_n and_o many_o of_o they_o continue_v so_o till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n of_o which_o signismund_n baron_n of_o herberstein_n in_o comment_n rer_n muscovit_fw-la p._n 84_o tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n return_v say_v he_o late_o from_o masovia_n at_o troki_n a_o small_a town_n about_o eight_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n my_o host_n acquaint_v i_o that_o that_o year_n he_o have_v chance_v to_o buy_v a_o hive_n of_o bee_n of_o one_o of_o these_o serpent-worshipper_n who_o he_o with_o much_o ado_n have_v persuade_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o to_o kill_v his_o adder_n within_o a_o while_n after_o come_v that_o way_n he_o find_v the_o poor_a fellow_n miserable_o torture_v and_o deform_v his_o face_n wrinkle_v his_o mouth_n awry_o etc._n etc._n demand_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o misery_n he_o receive_v this_o answer_n from_o he_o that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o he_o for_o kill_v his_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o suffer_v heavy_a torment_n if_o he_o do_v not_o return_v to_o his_o former_a worship_n nay_o to_o this_o day_n here_o be_v too_o great_a footstep_n of_o this_o idolatry_n for_o in_o many_o village_n both_o in_o lithvania_n and_o prussia_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o poor_a boar_n that_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o though_o profess_a christian_n pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a superstitious_a respect_n and_o fancy_v some_o great_a misfortune_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o laria_n take_v any_o harm_n beside_o the_o ancient_a lithvanians_n have_v a_o idol_n call_v by_o they_o percune_n to_o who_o they_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n burn_v with_o as_o much_o caution_n and_o diligence_n as_o ever_o the_o vestal_a fire_n be_v keep_v at_o rome_n for_o if_o the_o waidelot_n or_o priest_n that_o be_v to_o attend_v the_o altar_n shall_v happen_v to_o let_v the_o fire_n out_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o die_v for_o it_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o remembrance_n of_o kiern_n one_o of_o their_o prince_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n near_o dziewaltow_n these_o
so_o many_o in_o all_o as_o the_o tatar_n to_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o slaughter_n fill_v nine_o great_a sack_n with_o their_o right_a ear_n and_o the_o arabian_a author_n say_v they_o amount_v to_o 270000_o which_o be_v manifest_o false_a if_o speak_v of_o this_o battle_n if_o of_o all_o the_o war_n may_v have_v some_o probability_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v v._o id._n apr._n 1241_o at_o a_o place_n thence_o call_v walstad_n a_o mile_n from_o lignitz_n the_o tatar_n also_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o they_o stir_v not_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n for_o fifteen_o day_n space_n to_o cure_v their_o man_n and_o to_o deliberate_v whither_o they_o shall_v march_v next_o and_o they_o resolve_v upon_o moravia_n to_o be_v near_o to_o their_o general_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n raise_v what_o man_n he_o can_v send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o very_a valiant_a and_o expert_a soldier_n jaroslaus_n a_o sternberg_n to_o defend_v such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o considerable_a he_o with_o much_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n get_v into_o olmutz_n when_o the_o scout_n of_o the_o tatar_n appear_v before_o the_o town_n trust_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o work_n he_o forbear_v to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n so_o long_o that_o they_o conceive_v he_o a_o coward_n begin_v to_o despise_v he_o and_o to_o keep_v their_o own_o guard_n more_o negligent_o which_o jaroslaus_n perceive_v after_o they_o have_v recommend_v their_o cause_n to_o god_n by_o fast_v and_o prayer_n choose_v a_o dark_a night_n march_v out_o of_o a_o postern_n and_o with_o great_a silence_n fall_v into_o the_o tatar_n camp_n of_o who_o they_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n peta_n be_v slay_v by_o jaroslaus_n himself_o the_o rest_n draw_v off_o and_o march_v to_o batu_n into_o hungary_n batu_n have_v ravage_v for_o two_o year_n together_o not_o only_a hungary_n but_o slavonia_n bosnia_n rascia_fw-la bulgaria_n and_o the_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o danube_n some_o say_v that_o after_o this_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o austria_n and_o endeavour_v to_o swim_v a_o great_a river_n he_o be_v drown_v other_o that_o go_v against_o the_o greek_a emperor_n he_o be_v overthrow_v however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o his_o army_n return_v back_o and_z seizing_z upon_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o volga_n and_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n which_o before_o they_o very_o much_o waste_v there_o settle_v unto_o this_o day_n be_v call_v crim-tartar_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n call_v crim_n and_o precopense_n from_o precop_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v a_o ditch_n such_o a_o one_o be_v draw_v across_o the_o isthmus_n to_o cut_v of_o that_o peninsula_n from_o the_o continent_n the_o tartar_n at_o first_o be_v lord_n yet_o not_o absolute_a for_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o superiority_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n the_o chief_a heir_n of_o gingis-chan_n till_o lochtan-chan_n one_o of_o the_o descendant_n from_o batu_n refuse_v obedience_n to_o he_o and_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o those_o place_n except_o some_o few_o city_n in_o taurica_n which_o notwithstanding_o their_o conquest_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o genovese_n their_o inhabitant_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 1574_o when_o mahomet_n ii_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n take_v they_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o have_v forsake_v their_o old_a religion_n of_o gingis-chan_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o hedegh_n and_o sida-hameth-chan_n their_o emperor_n and_o embrace_v the_o mahometan_a yet_o the_o common_a people_n be_v not_o very_o zealous_a in_o it_o to_o this_o day_n but_o make_v use_n of_o their_o little_a puppet-idol_n of_o felt_n etc._n etc._n and_o continue_v many_o other_o pagan_a custom_n of_o their_o former_a religion_n mahomet_n the_o great_a fear_v they_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a for_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o take_v in_o the_o city_n of_o caffa_n possess_v by_o the_o genovese_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o azoph_n or_o azek_n a_o strong_a place_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tanais_n afterward_o the_o crim-tartar_n aid_v selimus_n i._o who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n against_o his_o father_n and_o then_o the_o two_o nation_n make_v a_o league_n that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v assist_v the_o turk_n when_o require_v with_o 50000_o horse_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v war_n except_o against_o the_o muscovite_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o turk_n that_o they_o shall_v yearly_o pay_v to_o the_o turk_n a_o tribute_n of_o three_o hundred_o christian_n some_o fur_n butter_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n and_o the_o turk_n shall_v pay_v they_o 5500_o ducat_n and_o the_o cham_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o turkish_a empire_n if_o the_o male_n of_o the_o ottoman_a line_n shall_v fail_v but_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o amurath_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o quarrel_v mahomet_n the_o crim-tartar_n as_o if_o he_o design_v to_o intercept_v osman_n bassa_n in_o his_o return_n from_o persia_n to_o constantinople_n authorize_v osman_n to_o invade_v he_o who_o take_v he_o and_o his_o two_o son_n strangle_v they_o and_o set_v up_o islan_n the_o brother_n of_o mahomet_n under_o such_o condition_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n please_v the_o tartar_n do_v enjoy_v also_o all_o the_o country_n of_o budziak_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o niester_n and_o boristhenes_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o the_o turk_n have_v seize_v upon_o that_o so_o that_o now_o their_o dominion_n reach_v only_o between_o dnieper_n or_o boristhenes_n and_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o of_o this_o that_o peninsula_n call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n that_o peninsula_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o or_o chersonesus_n be_v call_v taurica_n because_v inhabit_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o scythian_n call_v tauri_n and_o tauro-scythae_a afterward_o the_o greek_n mingle_v among_o they_o and_o bring_v the_o country_n into_o great_a beauty_n and_o fame_n but_o their_o name_n and_o action_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a geography_n the_o genovese_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o great_a feud_n of_o the_o greek_n among_o themselves_o in_o the_o year_n 1266_o or_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy-war_n take_v caffa_n and_o plant_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o the_o country_n the_o tartar_n either_o permit_v they_o because_o of_o the_o gain_n they_o make_v by_o their_o traffic_n principal_o of_o slave_n which_o they_o furnish_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o especial_o to_o egypt_n who_o general_o have_v all_o their_o mamaluke_n as_o long_o as_o that_o government_n last_v from_o this_o place_n or_o not_o be_v skill_v in_o besiege_v of_o town_n especial_o such_o as_o can_v be_v perpetual_o relieve_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o genovese_n for_o have_v beside_o this_o a_o great_a plantation_n at_o pera_n near_o constantinople_n they_o thereby_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o black-sea_n till_o as_o we_o say_v they_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o turk_n since_o which_o time_n i_o can_v find_v that_o it_o have_v suffer_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n we_o shall_v therefore_o describe_v it_o be_v by_o christian_n a_o unfrequented_a country_n out_o of_o mart._n broniovius_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n twice_o thither_o from_o stephanes_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n from_o which_o such_o little_a information_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o since_o do_v not_o considerable_o differ_v this_o chersonesus_n then_o be_v about_o fifty_o league_n long_o and_o thirty_o where_o broad_a the_o first_o town_n at_o the_o entrance_n upon_o the_o east_n be_v przecop_n call_v by_o the_o tartar_n or_o situate_v upon_o the_o dyke_n in_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o the_o isthmus_n where_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o mile_n wide_a ancient_o call_v eupatoria_n pompeiopolis_n beside_o other_o name_n it_o be_v now_o a_o small_a town_n of_o about_o four_o hundred_o fire_n it_o have_v a_o stone_n castle_n but_o not_o strong_a wherein_o the_o cham_n have_v continual_o he_o beg_v or_o palatine_n who_o command_v the_o guard_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o boristhenes_n and_o tanais_n as_o also_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o plain_n betwixt_o he_o also_o examine_v all_o stranger_n suffer_v none_o to_o pass_v without_o the_o cham_n letter_n sachingeri_fw-la the_o great_a cham_fw-mi here_o overthrow_v the_o nagay-tartar_n and_o raise_v seventeen_o fort_n upon_o the_o dyke_n some_o of_o they_o of_o the_o skull_n and_o bone_n of_o the_o slay_v coslow_n situate_v near_o unto_o the_o black_a sea_n be_v a_o town_n of_o traffic_n have_v near_o two_o thousand_o house_n and_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o cham._n ingerman_n be_v now_o only_a a_o castle_n but_o have_v be_v a_o great_a town_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n among_o which_o
be_v many_o cave_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n well_n and_o old_a building_n of_o the_o greek_n witness_v by_o their_o inscription_n there_o very_o frequent_a it_o be_v now_o a_o inconsiderable_a place_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o turk_n sari-germen_a by_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o tartar_n topetarkan_n ancient_o chersonesus_n and_o corsuna_n the_o noble_a and_o most_o ancient_a city_n of_o all_o the_o peninsula_n be_v still_o compass_v with_o a_o strong_a stone-wall_n and_o divers_a aqueduct_n and_o other_o noble_a building_n entire_a but_o without_o inhabitant_n the_o turk_n every_o day_n fetch_v away_o the_o marble_n and_o stone_n for_o other_o building_n volodomir_n the_o grand_a tzar_n take_v this_o town_n from_o joannes_n zimisces_n and_o among_o other_o rich_a plunder_v carry_v away_o two_o large_a royal_a brazen_a gate_n to_o kiow_n from_o whence_o boleslaus_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n transfer_v they_o to_o gnesna_n where_o they_o still_o remain_v they_o say_v also_o that_o volodomir_n be_v here_o baptize_v balachey_n or_o balaclawa_n by_o the_o genovese_n call_v jamboli_n or_o the_o tower_n of_o fish_n the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o well_o store_v situate_a under_o the_o mountain_n baba_n the_o genovese_n take_v it_o without_o any_o loss_n from_o the_o greek_n and_o make_v it_o a_o very_a commodious_a beautiful_a and_o strong_a haven_n the_o turk_n at_o this_o day_n build_v here_o their_o galley_n and_o ship_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a town_n at_o most_o but_o of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fire_n the_o inhabitant_n turk_n jew_n and_o greek_n mangut_n or_o mancus_fw-la be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a city_n though_o not_o by_o the_o seashore_n but_o first_o by_o the_o turk_n and_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a fire_n it_o be_v so_o waste_v that_o nothing_o now_o remain_v of_o it_o except_o one_o high_a tower_n and_o a_o strong_a stone-house_n whereinto_o the_o cham_n thrust_v the_o russ-ambassador_n as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o quarrel_v his_o master_n there_o be_v some_o few_o turk_n jew_n and_o greek_n that_o inhabit_v there_o in_o all_o about_o sixty_o fire_n there_o remain_v still_o upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o some_o of_o the_o church_n the_o picture_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o greek_a emperor_n and_o other_o famous_a man_n cercessigerman_n be_v a_o small_a turkish_a fort_n not_o far_o from_o mancop_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o cham_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n baciasaray_v baccasaray_v be_v a_o town_n of_o about_o two_o thousand_o house_n wherein_o be_v a_o meschite_a and_o divers_a sepulchre_n of_o the_o cham_n very_o magnificent_a as_o be_v their_o palace_n build_v with_o great_a charge_n by_o their_o former_a prince_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o country_n very_o proper_a for_o hunt_v and_o fowl_v and_o be_v noble_o adorn_v with_o garden_n orchard_n bath_n etc._n etc._n almasaray_v be_v another_o house_n whither_o he_o sometime_o retire_v in_o a_o town_n of_o about_o seventy_o fire_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a little_a castle_n where_o his_o own_o brethren_n child_n and_o their_o wife_n be_v keep_v sortasse_fw-la be_v a_o town_n where_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a prince_n have_v many_o time_n liberty_n to_o divert_v themselves_o at_o creme_a or_o crim_n ancient_o taphros_n and_o taphrae_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v crim-tartar_n be_v his_o mint_n and_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o town_n be_v most_o inhabit_v by_o turk_n in_o all_o about_o a_o hundred_o house_n sidagios_n or_o sudacum_fw-la be_v a_o very_a noble_a and_o strong_a city_n situate_v in_o the_o mountain_n take_v by_o the_o genovese_n from_o the_o greek_n so_o set_v one_o family_n against_o another_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o the_o same_o church_n the_o turk_n by_o a_o long_a and_o difficult_a siege_n take_v it_o from_o the_o genovese_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o wine_n grow_v thereabouts_o caffa_n or_o theodosia_n still_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o peninsula_n have_v betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o thousand_o house_n inhabit_v most_o part_n by_o christian_n who_o have_v about_o forty-five_o church_n greek_n armenian_n and_o remainder_n of_o the_o italian_n some_o turk_n and_o few_o tartar_n all_o under_o a_o turkish_a sangiac_n slave_n they_o reckon_v there_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o a_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n about_o two_o day_n sail_v from_o constantinople_n yet_o be_v it_o nothing_o to_o what_o it_o be_v under_o the_o genovese_n kerky_n be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o about_o a_o hundred_o family_n upon_o the_o straight_o call_v ancient_o bosphora_n cimmerius_n which_o be_v here_o about_o three_o league_n broad_a this_o town_n be_v open_a for_o the_o grand_a signior_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o tartar_n to_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n beside_o przecop_n over_o against_o this_o be_v taman_a a_o town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o continent_n in_o the_o country_n call_v ancient_o colchis_n now_o the_o circassian_n or_o petigor-tartar_n karasu_n belong_v to_o the_o cham_n and_o have_v above_o a_o thousand_o house_n tusla_n be_v among_o the_o saltwork_n and_o have_v about_o eighty_o house_n arabet_fw-la or_o orbotec_n be_v a_o double_a castle_n near_o to_o which_o the_o cham_n keep_v his_o stud_n or_o breed_v of_o horse_n which_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o seventy_o thousand_o the_o country_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v mountainous_a and_o consequent_o well_o water_v the_o rest_n plain_a and_o good_a pasture_n but_o want_v water_n for_o that_o near_a at_o hand_n be_v brackish_a and_o their_o good_a water_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o very_o deep_a well_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o want_n dug_n by_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o chersonesus_n przecop_n the_o country_n of_o przecop_n without_o this_o the_o crim-tartar_n enjoy_v all_o betwixt_o boristhenes_n nieper_n and_o tanais_n don_n which_o from_o ossove_n upon_o the_o don_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o a_o strait_a line_n be_v account_v about_o four_o hundred_o english_a mile_n but_o the_o nieper_n fetch_v a_o great_a compass_n eastward_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o this_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o even_a ground_n and_o rich_a pasturage_n without_o any_o town_n or_o constant_a habitation_n or_o propriety_n only_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o cham_fw-mi by_o his_o officer_n appoint_v what_o part_n shall_v be_v till_v and_o in_o february_n proclamation_n be_v make_v among_o all_o the_o tartar_n that_o if_o any_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o till_o any_o ground_n they_o shall_v get_v all_o their_o matter_n ready_a by_o such_o a_o day_n when_o they_o will_v go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n commodious_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o according_o some_o do_v go_v and_o the_o rest_n attend_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o disturb_v betwixt_o this_o plain_a and_o russia_n lie_v waste_v a_o great_a country_n as_o they_o say_v require_v twenty_o day_n to_o cross_v it_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o sometime_o under-water_n which_o be_v the_o great_a security_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o empire_n the_o government_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o cham._n crim-tartar_n the_o government_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n the_o cadi_n determine_v lesser_a cause_n but_o capital_a and_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o cham_n himself_o with_o his_o council_n he_o be_v of_o easy_a access_n and_o reasonable_o just_a he_o always_o choose_v a_o galga_n who_o be_v next_o to_o he_o alive_a and_o succeed_v after_o death_n this_o be_v common_o his_o son_n or_o brother_n according_a to_o merit_v if_o any_o one_o have_v better_a pretension_n he_o fly_v to_o the_o grand_a signior_n who_o judge_n the_o cause_n his_o young_a son_n be_v sultan_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o their_o wife_n with_o who_o they_o be_v educate_v till_o of_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o their_o fitness_n they_o be_v furnish_v with_o command_n either_o in_o his_o own_o country_n or_o be_v recommend_v to_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n who_o willing_o receive_v they_o part_v also_o be_v hostage_n with_o the_o turk_n when_o the_o family_n of_o gingis-chan_n be_v numerous_a and_o potent_a they_o choose_v always_o the_o chan_n but_o sachibgerei_fw-la and_o deuletigerei_fw-la chans_n make_v away_o with_o most_o of_o they_o and_o settle_v the_o dominion_n in_o their_o own_o posterity_n the_o chan_n have_v many_o officer_n and_o counsellor_n hamiat_fw-la be_v those_o who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o foreign_a prince_n captain_n also_o coracei_n vlans_n and_o the_o best_a of_o the_o murse_n be_v call_v to_o council_n the_o vlans_n be_v those_o of_o a_o ancient_a family_n of_o chans_n but_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o by_o the_o gierey_n the_o name_n of_o the_o
black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o guard_n which_o be_v always_o keep_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o ancient_a ruin_n which_o they_o call_v aslan-korodick_a tawan_n be_v the_o great_a and_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o river_n not_o be_v above_o five_o hundred_o pace_n broad_a be_v all_o in_o one_o channel_n the_o last_o pass_v and_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n be_v oczacow_n where_o the_o river_n be_v three_o mile_n broad_a yet_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o pass_v it_o frequent_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n at_o the_o stern_a whereof_o they_o fasten_v across_o pole_n of_o a_o good_a length_n upon_o which_o they_o tie_v the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n as_o many_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o the_o other_o to_o balance_v they_o they_o put_v their_o baggage_n in_o the_o boat_n and_o row_v it_o over_o and_o with_o it_o the_o horse_n the_o turk_n pass_v over_o in_o this_o manner_n forty_o thousand_o horse_n when_o the_o grand_a signior_n send_v to_o besiege_v azak_a or_o azow_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o don_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o which_o the_o donski_n cosack_v have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o year_n before_o oucze_fw-mi sauram_fw-la or_o now_o koniecpolsky_n be_v the_o low_a habitation_n the_o polack_n have_v towards_o oczacow_n which_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o oczacow_n call_v by_o the_o turk_n dziancrimenda_n be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o turkish_a galley_n lie_v to_o keep_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o black_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o port_n but_o good_a anchorage_n the_o castle_n be_v well_o fortify_v the_o town_n not_o so_o well_o there_o be_v in_o it_o about_o two_o thousand_o inhabitant_n below_o that_o be_v a_o platform_n with_o good_a ordnance_n to_o guard_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n about_o three_o mile_n below_o oczacow_n be_v a_o haven_n call_v berezan_n upon_o a_o river_n call_v anczakrick_n it_o be_v sufficient_o deep_a for_o galley_n southward_o of_o that_o be_v two_o lake_n jesero_n teligol_n and_o kuialik_n both_o of_o they_o so_o abundant_a in_o fish_n that_o the_o water_n have_v no_o exit_n stink_v of_o they_o yet_o they_o come_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n to_o fish_n there_o bielogrod_n be_v about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o river_n niester_n ancient_o call_v tyras_n by_o the_o turk_n kierman_n this_o town_n be_v under_o the_o turk_n as_o be_v also_o killa_n well_o fortify_v with_o a_o counterscarp_n the_o castle_n be_v above_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o danow_n opposite_a to_o it_o on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o danow_n be_v kiha_n where_o be_v see_v divers_a ancient_a ruin_n betwixt_o bielogrod_n and_o killa_n be_v the_o plain_n of_o budziack_n where_o the_o rebel_n or_o banditi_n tartar_n refuge_n themselves_o who_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a either_o turk_n or_o cham_n they_o be_v always_o watch_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o poland_n to_o catch_v what_o christian_n they_o can_v and_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o turk_n of_o these_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o there_o be_v also_o many_o turkish_a village_n along_o the_o south-bank_n of_o the_o niester_n but_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o danow_n as_o also_o betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o nieper_n be_v desert_n and_o be_v inhabitate_v by_o those_o tartar_n who_o there_o pasture_v their_o flock_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o such_o also_o be_v the_o vkrain_n till_o of_o late_a that_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o cosack_n have_v render_v it_o as_o fruitful_a as_o it_o be_v before_o desert_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o it_o by_o what_o monsieur_n beauplan_n say_v that_o in_o seventeen_o year_n that_o he_o live_v in_o that_o country_n himself_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o above_o fifty_o colony_n which_o in_o a_o few_o year_n sprout_v into_o above_o a_o thousand_o village_n but_o be_v so_o late_o plant_v the_o reader_n can_v expect_v we_o shall_v have_v much_o to_o inform_v he_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v almost_o proper_a to_o this_o country_n they_o have_v a_o beast_n which_o they_o call_v bobac_n anim._n anim._n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o guiny-pig_n they_o make_v hole_n in_o the_o earth_n whereinto_o they_o enter_v in_o october_n and_o come_v not_o abroad_o till_o april_n within_o they_o have_v many_o little_a apartment_n dispose_v several_o their_o provision_n their_o dead_a their_o lodging_n etc._n etc._n eight_o or_o nine_o family_n live_v together_o as_o in_o a_o city_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a habitation_n they_o be_v easy_o tame_v and_o be_v very_o gamesome_a in_o a_o house_n when_o they_o go_v to_o make_v their_o provision_n they_o set_v a_o sentinel_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o spy_v any_o one_o give_v a_o signal_n by_o make_v a_o noise_n and_o they_o all_o haste_n to_o their_o cave_n many_o more_o thing_n be_v speak_v of_o these_o little_a creature_n as_o that_o they_o have_v slave_n and_o punishment_n etc._n etc._n sounaky_a a_o kind_n of_o goat_n be_v desire_v for_o his_o beautiful_a sattin-like_a fur_n and_o white_a shine_a smooth_a delicate_a horn_n he_o have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o nose_n and_o can_v feed_v except_o he_o go_v backward_o thy_o have_v many_o wild_a horse_n but_o of_o no_o value_n only_o for_o their_o flesh_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o think_v it_o better_o than_o beef_n or_o veal_n when_o these_o horse_n come_v to_o be_v old_a their_o hoof_n so_o straiten_v their_o foot_n be_v never_o pare_v that_o they_o can_v hardly_o go_v as_o if_o that_o beast_n be_v so_o make_v for_o man_n use_n that_o without_o his_o care_n he_o be_v unprofitable_a novissima_fw-la poloniae_fw-la regni_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nobiliss_n &_o tam_fw-la dignitate_fw-la â—…ueris_fw-la quan_fw-mi meritis_fw-la ac_fw-la patriam_fw-la honoratiis_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n no_o nicolao_n pahl_n in_fw-la celeberrimo_fw-la maris_fw-la balthici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la praeconsuli_n &_o vicepraesidi_fw-la bonarum_fw-la artium_fw-la patrono_fw-la ac_fw-la fautori_fw-la observantiae_fw-la ergò_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n poland_n polonia_n or_o poland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n polska_n take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o conjecture_n from_o pole_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n here_o common_o speak_v signify_v a_o plain_a and_o champain_n country_n such_o as_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o their_o first_o captain_n lechus_n or_o lachus_n be_v call_v po-lachi_a that_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o lachus_n and_o by_o corruption_n polani_n and_o poloni_n impart_v their_o name_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o call_v themselves_o polacci_fw-la the_o italian_n polacchi_fw-la the_o russian_n greek_n and_o tartar_n call_v they_o lachi_n and_o lechitae_n the_o hungarian_n lengel_n probable_o for_o lechel_n the_o same_o with_o po-lachi_a but_o hartknoch_n find_v the_o bulanes_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o sarmatia_n and_o observe_v the_o poloni_n to_o be_v call_v bolani_n and_o bolanii_n by_o the_o german_a writer_n think_v he_o have_v make_v the_o fair_a discovery_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n nevertheless_o cromerus_n affirm_v that_o the_o present_a name_n either_o of_o the_o country_n or_o people_n have_v not_o be_v in_o use_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n certain_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 880_o this_o country_n be_v call_v weonodland_n and_o before_o that_o by_o the_o roman_n general_o sarmatia_n as_o be_v the_o best_a know_a part_n of_o that_o great_a country_n only_o that_o branch_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o weissel_n belong_v to_o old_a germany_n and_o as_o ptolemy_n acquaint_v we_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o aelvaeones_n the_o luti_fw-la omanni_n longi_fw-la diduni_n and_o luti_fw-la buri_n with_o other_o german_a colony_n by_o some_o writer_n the_o same_o be_v assign_v to_o vandalia_n and_o the_o vistula_n call_v vandalus_n have_v be_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vandal_n the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o undoubted_a offspring_n of_o the_o slavi_n slavini_n or_o slavonian_n seat_v in_o justinian_o time_n as_o jornandes_n relate_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o weasel_n to_o the_o niester_n and_o thence_o extend_v themselves_o westward_o to_o the_o danube_n and_o eastward_o to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n from_o which_o part_n they_o then_o make_v inundation_n into_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o their_o first_o expedition_n they_o be_v join_v with_o the_o antae_fw-la and_o vinidae_n or_o venedi_n or_o rather_o in_o
way_n beyond_o the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n take_v within_o its_o precinct_n the_o territory_n of_o kiow_n and_o braclaw_n which_o go_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o vkrain_n speak_v of_o before_o yet_o since_o the_o treaty_n ratify_v between_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1677_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o hither_o volhinia_n be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n walachia_n too_o and_o moldavia_n be_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o soon_o after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n casimir_n lose_v they_o both_o back_n again_o to_o the_o turk_n for_o when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a trouble_n he_o have_v in_o defend_v prussia_n against_o the_o teutonic_n order_n he_o can_v not_o possible_o succour_v those_o part_n the_o palatine_a of_o walachia_n strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o mahomet_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 2000_o crown_n since_o that_o time_n the_o palatine_n of_o walachia_n have_v sometime_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o turk_n sometime_o to_o the_o polander_n but_o keep_v their_o word_n with_o neither_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n of_o repossess_v themselves_o of_o these_o part_n but_o fear_v to_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o so_o potent_a a_o enemy_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n for_o so_o mean_v a_o stake_n they_o have_v rather_o choose_v to_o resign_v they_o quiet_o and_o suffer_v he_o still_o to_o enjoy_v they_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o turk_n shall_v constitute_v no_o vicegerent_n in_o these_o their_o neighbour_a province_n but_o such_o as_o be_v lineal_o descend_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o moldavia_n and_o consequent_o of_o a_o polish_v stock_n nor_o shall_v demand_v any_o arbitrary_a but_o a_o certain_a fix_a and_o determine_v tribute_n but_o these_o privilege_n the_o pole_n have_v now_o lose_v insomuch_o that_o the_o turk_n be_v grow_v absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n and_o govern_v it_o by_o who_o and_o how_o he_o please_v but_o these_o two_o country_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o the_o great_a turk_n who_o find_v a_o occasion_n to_o pick_v a_o quarrel_n with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o he_o know_v himself_o able_a to_o conquer_v wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o advance_v further_o into_o this_o king_n dominion_n with_o a_o vast_a army_n he_o take_v camienec_n the_o best_a fortress_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v march_v further_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v he_o not_o be_v stop_v with_o proposal_n of_o peace_n from_o king_n michael_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o the_o polander_n shall_v quit_v all_o title_n to_o podolia_n and_o resign_v it_o whole_o to_o the_o turk_n that_o with_o podolia_n they_o shall_v also_o surrender_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o vkrain_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o grand_a signior_n a_o tribute_n of_o 22000_o ducat_n etc._n etc._n these_o condition_n propose_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o king_n alone_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o too_o dishonourable_a to_o be_v observe_v wherefore_o it_o be_v resolve_v they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o the_o outmost_a to_o recover_v brave_o what_o their_o king_n have_v so_o cowardly_o part_v with_o according_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1673_o they_o proclaim_v war_n against_o the_o turk_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o good_a success_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobieski_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n their_o then_o valorous_a general_n who_o on_o the_o 11_o of_o november_n discomfit_v the_o turkish_a army_n and_o retake_v the_o castle_n of_o chotim_n after_o many_o more_o bloody_a engagement_n in_o a_o war_n of_o several_a year_n continuance_n the_o peace_n be_v at_o last_o conclude_v in_o november_n 1676_o upon_o these_o and_o some_o other_o condition_n that_o the_o lipec-tartar_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o remove_v their_o good_n and_o family_n into_o podolia_n and_o there_o live_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n that_o the_o vkrain_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n that_o polish_v garrison_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o niemierow_n and_o kallik_a and_o the_o bassaw_n of_o camieniec_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v there_o till_o matter_n be_v adjust_v at_o the_o convention_n of_o ambassador_n at_o porte_fw-fr that_o pawolocz_n and_o bialocerkiew_n shall_v remain_v entire_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o polander_n that_o the_o resignation_n of_o podolia_n shall_v be_v debate_v by_o the_o ambassador_n at_o porte_fw-fr that_o in_o all_o place_n take_v by_o the_o turk_n the_o christian_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n etc._n etc._n these_o article_n be_v read_v and_o ratify_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n the_o 22_o day_n of_o february_n a.d._n 1677._o since_o which_o time_n the_o great_a turk_n have_v not_o answer_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o resign_v the_o country_n he_o have_v take_v podolia_n be_v doubtless_o worth_a seek_v after_o and_o too_o good_a to_o be_v part_v with_o upon_o slight_a term_n by_o those_o who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o by_o a_o fair_a conquest_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v their_o hold_n if_o what_o maginus_fw-la report_v of_o it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v so_o fruitful_a that_o in_o one_o night_n the_o grass_n will_v hide_v a_o rod_n and_o in_o a_o few_o day_n a_o plough_n volhinia_n be_v as_o well_o worth_a defend_n as_o podolia_n regain_n be_v a_o fruitful_a and_o plenteous_a country_n exceed_o well_o stock_v with_o corn_n sheep_n timber_n fish_n honey_n etc._n etc._n place_n of_o great_a note_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o luceoria_n or_o lusuc_n a_o bishop_n see_v first_o found_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n about_o the_o year_n 1374._o 2._o olyka_n a_o seat_n of_o some_o of_o the_o lithvanian_a duke_n among_o who_o john_n former_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n and_o nieswiesc_n with_o his_o brother_n nicolas_n radziwil_n marshal_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n be_v make_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o augspurg_n a.d._n 1547._o 3._o ostrog_n once_o the_o seat_n of_o duke_n to_o who_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n be_v immediate_o subject_a but_o that_o line_n be_v of_o late_o utter_o extinct_a the_o lesser_a poland_n the_o lesser_a poland_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n of_o the_o great_a from_o some_o part_n of_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o warta_n from_o other_o by_o the_o pilcza_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o vistula_n upon_o which_o be_v seat_v most_o of_o its_o great_a town_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o three_o palatinate_n of_o cracow_n sendomir_n and_o lublin_n this_o province_n as_o all_o poland_n have_v former_o be_v be_v very_o woody_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o heretofore_o occasion_v so_o many_o barbarous_a robbery_n as_o be_v usual_o commit_v under_o the_o shelter_n of_o their_o forest_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1450_o casimir_n call_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n only_o to_o consult_v of_o some_o mean_n to_o suppress_v the_o intolerable_a thievery_n practise_v among_o the_o generality_n of_o they_o the_o nobility_n not_o except_v but_o because_o many_o of_o the_o grandee_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n satisfy_v with_o this_o king_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n nothing_o can_v be_v effectual_o enact_v by_o his_o authority_n so_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n rapine_n and_o murder_n be_v increase_v rather_o then_o diminish_v for_o by_o these_o delay_n of_o justice_n the_o robber_n be_v come_v to_o that_o strength_n at_o last_o that_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o nobleman_n cauca_n sweborowski_n and_o john_n his_o brother_n they_o have_v fortify_v the_o mountain_n zebrace_n near_o oswenskim_n and_o several_a other_o place_n whither_o such_o army_n of_o ruffian_n continual_o flock_v as_o can_v not_o afterward_o be_v suppress_v without_o a_o deal_n of_o bloodshed_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n cracow_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o cracus_n gracus_fw-la or_o gracchus_n who_o the_o polander_n so_o they_o themselves_o say_v though_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n will_v needs_o make_v he_o one_o of_o their_o prince_n set_v over_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o grow_v weary_a of_o the_o twelve_o palatine_n who_o take_v the_o government_n into_o their_o hand_n upon_o the_o death_n
and_o overreach_v one_o another_o in_o bargain_v they_o especial_o the_o woman_n be_v jealous_a of_o all_o stranger_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v conscious_a how_o much_o their_o simplicity_n expose_v they_o to_o the_o craft_n of_o other_o they_o be_v revengeful_a and_o desperate_a endeavour_v to_o prevent_v any_o mischief_n that_o may_v seem_v to_o threaten_v they_o by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n that_o cause_v the_o suspicion_n and_o this_o they_o do_v frequent_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o magic_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o devil_n as_o be_v say_v of_o one_o who_o attempt_v often_o to_o mischieve_v his_o enemy_n who_o be_v secure_v by_o his_o countercharm_n after_o long_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o at_o last_o watch_v his_o opportunity_n and_o find_v he_o asleep_o under_o a_o great_a rock_n by_o his_o spell_n split_v it_o upon_o he_o and_o so_o bury_v he_o under_o it_o they_o be_v also_o note_v to_o be_v of_o a_o censorious_a and_o detract_n humour_n covetous_a and_o yet_o lazy_a withal_o so_o that_o where_o the_o soil_n may_v be_v improve_v they_o often_o through_o idleness_n let_v it_o lie_v barren_a and_o uncultivated_a they_o seldom_o take_v pain_n so_o much_o as_o to_o hunt_v or_o fish_n till_o pinch_v by_o want_n and_o necessity_n consequent_a to_o these_o quality_n they_o be_v stubborn_a undutiful_a to_o parent_n when_o old_a lustful_a all_o except_o the_o marry_a people_n lie_v promiscuous_o together_o in_o one_o hut_n without_o any_o difference_n of_o age_n sex_n or_o condition_n and_o subject_n to_o whatever_o vice_n attend_v a_o idle_a and_o unthinking_a life_n yet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o enormity_n and_o depravation_n of_o manner_n some_o good_a quality_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o they_o as_o their_o great_a veneration_n and_o respect_n for_o marriage_n which_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o violate_v their_o abhorrence_n of_o theft_n which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o that_o they_o do_v keep_v their_o hand_n from_o pilfer_a have_v so_o good_a opportunity_n to_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v no_o secure_a magazine_n nor_o lock_n and_o key_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o merchant_n leave_v their_o good_n oftentimes_o in_o the_o open_a field_n defend_v by_o some_o cover_n from_o the_o weather_n not_o at_o all_o from_o the_o treachery_n of_o any_o dispose_v to_o be_v thievish_a their_o hospitality_n to_o stranger_n and_o those_o in_o distress_n be_v very_o remarkable_a they_o receive_v they_o into_o their_o hut_n liberal_o afford_v they_o the_o best_a cheer_n they_o have_v and_o often_o charitable_o supply_v they_o with_o stock_n to_o traffic_v lend_v money_n gratis_o without_o any_o usury_n and_o such_o like_a good_a deed_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v happy_a fruit_n spring_v up_o in_o some_o of_o they_o since_o the_o plantation_n of_o our_o holy_a religion_n among_o they_o the_o ignorance_n and_o gross_a superstition_n among_o the_o native_n very_o much_o disappear_v since_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v know_v to_o they_o concern_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o laplander_n we_o may_v observe_v what_o progress_n they_o have_v make_v in_o christianity_n since_o it_o be_v plant_v among_o they_o as_o also_o what_o be_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o worship_n proper_a to_o these_o northern_a nation_n for_o the_o relic_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n among_o some_o of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n seem_v to_o be_v only_o rake_v up_o under_o the_o ember_n ready_a to_o flame_n out_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o strict_a government_n of_o the_o swede_n they_o worship_v they_o know_v not_o what_o but_o they_o call_v he_o jumala_n or_o jomala_n a_o word_n which_o they_o use_v now_o for_o the_o true_a god_n as_o they_o do_v before_o for_o the_o supreme_a entity_n another_o god_n also_o they_o worship_v under_o the_o name_n of_o turrisas_n or_o turrisas_a the_o prince_n of_o the_o ass_n or_o asiatic_o whence_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o conserve_v some_o knowledge_n of_o their_o migration_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o scandian_o out_o of_o asia_n under_o woden_n several_a other_o distinct_a god_n they_o have_v on_o different_a occasion_n as_o to_o preside_v over_o ry_o barley_n oates_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n who_o they_o worship_v in_o finland_n but_o have_v not_o any_o occasion_n for_o after_o their_o banishment_n one_o also_o for_o tempest_n one_o to_o protect_v their_o cattle_n another_o to_o command_v wolf_n squirrel_n and_o such_o like_a ridiculous_a deity_n jumala_fw-mi be_v represent_v under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n sit_v upon_o a_o altar_n with_o a_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n adorn_v with_o twelve_o gem_n and_o a_o golden_a chain_n about_o his_o neck_n to_o which_o be_v fasten_v a_o large_a jewel_n call_v from_o its_o figure_n man_n or_o mene_n i._n e._n a_o moon_n upon_o his_o knee_n stand_v a_o large_a golden_a dish_n into_o which_o they_o cast_v their_o offering_n and_o this_o dish_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o finland_n for_o when_o they_o lose_v it_o they_o can_v never_o procure_v another_o his_o temple_n be_v in_o the_o wood_n not_o build_v with_o any_o roof_n but_o only_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n fence_v as_o the_o old_a roman_a temple_n be_v this_o god_n be_v in_o time_n find_v useless_a be_v at_o last_o casheard_v and_o the_o deity_n in_o great_a reputation_n among_o they_o at_o this_o day_n be_v those_o thing_n from_o which_o they_o think_v they_o receive_v the_o great_a benefit_n as_o the_o sun_n fire_n and_o such_o like_a of_o which_o more_o by_o and_o by_o all_o the_o heathenish_a religion_n the_o laplander_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n go_n their_o heathenish_a go_n magical_a and_o paganish_a or_o superstitious_a and_o diabolical_a those_o superstition_n they_o intermix_v with_o christianity_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o under_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v christian_n of_o their_o god_n some_o be_v public_a and_o common_a to_o the_o whole_a country_n other_o private_a and_o belong_v only_o to_o a_o division_n neighbourhood_n or_o some_o one_o particular_a family_n all_o which_o have_v their_o several_a name_n those_o of_o lapponia_n pithensis_n and_o luhlensis_n have_v their_o great_a and_o lesser_a god_n the_o great_a to_o who_o they_o pay_v especial_a worship_n be_v thor_n storejunkare_o the_o sun_n and_o some_o add_v fire_n which_o may_v seem_v not_o a_o distinct_a deity_n but_o only_o a_o emblem_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o lesser_a common_a also_o to_o the_o tornenses_n be_v worship_v under_o one_o name_n except_o only_o that_o which_o they_o call_v wira_n accha_n signify_v a_o livonian_a old_a woman_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o a_o old_a stump_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o now_o its_o godship_n be_v quite_o rot_a and_o mouldered_a away_o they_o worship_v also_o the_o ghost_n of_o man_n their_o friend_n especial_o depart_v and_o think_v some_o divinity_n to_o be_v in_o they_o as_o the_o roman_n fancy_v to_o be_v in_o their_o mane_n spectres_fw-la also_o and_o demon_n be_v adore_v by_o they_o which_o they_o say_v wander_v among_o rock_n wood_n river_n and_o lake_n as_o the_o roman_a fauni_n sylvani_n and_o tritone_n be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v the_o genii_n also_o good_a and_o bad_a which_o they_o suppose_v to_o fly_v in_o the_o air_n about_o christmas_n and_o they_o call_v they_o juh_o from_o juhl_n a_o word_n still_o in_o use_n among_o the_o northern_a english_a denote_v at_o present_a christmas_n but_o former_o the_o new-year_n some_o god_n also_o there_o be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a country_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v thor_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v he_o thordoen_n and_o the_o lap_n themselves_o sometime_o tierme_n i._n e._n thunderer_n or_o noise-maker_n his_o proper_a place_n be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o the_o cloud_n and_o wind_n rain_n thunder_n good_a as_o well_o as_o bad_a weather_n to_o be_v at_o his_o disposal_n the_o roman_n can_v not_o have_v great_a thought_n of_o their_o jupiter_n than_o the_o laplander_n have_v of_o their_o thor_n whereupon_o they_o give_v he_o many_o great_a and_o honourable_a title_n as_o aijeke_v great-grand-father_n etc._n etc._n to_o he_o belong_v the_o arbitrement_n of_o life_n and_o death_n health_n and_o sickness_n he_o can_v also_o restrain_v whatsoever_o be_v injurious_a and_o give_v whatever_o be_v beneficial_a or_o advantageous_a to_o man_n so_o as_o the_o thread_n of_o man_n life_n be_v suppose_v by_o the_o ancient_n to_o be_v tie_v to_o jove_n chair_n they_o fancy_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o this_o god_n to_o lengthen_v and_o shorten_v it_o as_o he_o please_v that_o they_o can_v die_v except_o he_o give_v leave_v nor_o can_v have_v have_v a_o be_v but_o by_o his_o permission_n that_o it_o be_v he_o that_o drive_v away_o those_o daemon_n from_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n that_o be_v enemy_n
christian_n whereupon_o he_o be_v baptize_v in_o the_o year_n 826_o and_o immediate_o restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o he_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o continue_v heathen_a till_o reclaim_v by_o st._n anschar_n who_o for_o his_o good_a office_n in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 835._o 2._o eric_n succeed_v his_o brother_n harald_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o cruelty_n against_o the_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o day_n about_o the_o year_n 853_o the_o dane_n first_o enter_v france_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n rollo_n though_o other_o more_o probable_o relate_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o northern_a rover_n that_o invade_v france_n but_o to_o have_v succeed_v to_o gotfrid_n and_o to_o have_v enter_v france_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o and_o not_o to_o have_v be_v peaceable_o settle_v in_o normandy_n till_o 889_o or_o 890_o see_v the_o history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o that_o part_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n 3._o eric_n barn_n or_o the_o child_n be_v the_o only_a male_n leave_v alive_a of_o the_o royal_a family_n after_o the_o bloody_a war_n between_o his_o predecessor_n and_o guthorm_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n happy_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n guthorm_n but_o within_o awhile_o he_o grow_v more_o cruel_a than_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v slay_v more_o bishop_n and_o destroy_v more_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n both_o in_o germany_n and_o england_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n put_v together_o in_o his_o german_a war_n he_o slay_v brunno_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o twelve_o count_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 902._o 4._o canutus_n the_o hairy_a or_o lodneknudt_fw-ge succeed_v his_o father_n eric_n in_o his_o day_n say_v king_n eric_n in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la every_o three_o man_n in_o denmark_n go_v by_o lot_n to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n so_o that_o those_o who_o march_v off_o overrun_v all_o prussia_n semgal_n curland_n and_o several_a other_o country_n whence_o they_o never_o return_v but_o there_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n he_o die_v a_o heathen_a about_o the_o year_n 912._o 5._o after_o the_o death_n of_o canutus_n the_o danish_a sceptre_n be_v give_v to_o frotho_n his_o son_n so_o say_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n though_o lindenbruch_n report_v that_o his_o brother_n sueno_n reign_v nine_o year_n he_o be_v twenty_o year_n king_n of_o england_n and_o denmark_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o die_v a_o good_a christian_n 6._o gormo_n gormund_n or_o guthrum_n surname_v hartesnute_n and_o engelend_a because_o bear_v in_o england_n succeed_v his_o father_n he_o together_o with_o his_o follower_n be_v baptize_v at_o aalre_a in_o sommersetshire_n and_o have_v our_o learned_a and_o pious_a king_n aelfr_v to_o his_o godfather_n who_o at_o the_o font_n give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o athelstane_n and_o afterward_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n from_o this_o gormo_n a_o village_n near_o huntingdon_n call_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n corrupt_o godman-chester_n have_v its_o name_n gormon-chester_n as_o cambden_n prove_v from_o that_o old_a verse_n gormonis_fw-la a_o castri_fw-la nomine_fw-la nomen_fw-la habet_fw-la i_o be_o very_o unwilling_a i_o must_v confess_v to_o confound_v this_o gormo_n with_o king_n aelfred_n godson_n who_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v from_o english_a writer_n never_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n neither_o do_v the_o time_n agree_v but_o the_o danish_a historian_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o confusion_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o writing_n 7._o harald_n surname_v blaatand_v succeed_v his_o father_n gormo_n in_o his_o day_n the_o dane_n throw_v up_o that_o famous_a trench_n between_o gottorp_n and_o sleswic_n call_v dannewirck_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o 8._o sueno_n or_o svenotho_n surname_v tuiskeg_n i._n e._n fork'd-beard_n succeed_v harald_n at_o first_o he_o be_v a_o heathen_a and_o a_o severe_a persecutor_n of_o the_o christian_n but_o afterward_o he_o turn_v christian_n himself_o and_o found_v three_o bishopric_n at_o sleswic_n ripe_n and_o arhuse_v some_o say_v he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1012_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o york_n other_o make_v he_o live_v till_o the_o year_n 1014_o and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n in_o denmark_n 9_o canutus_n the_o great_a son_n to_o sueno_n he_o be_v at_o once_o king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n norway_n slavonia_n and_o sambland_n some_o make_v he_o king_n or_o duke_n at_o least_o of_o normandy_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o old_a distich_n which_o not_o reckon_v either_o slavonia_n or_o sambland_n a_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o in_o thus_o speak_v of_o himself_o facta_fw-la mihi_fw-la magni_fw-la pepererunt_fw-la inclyta_fw-la nomen_fw-la quinque_fw-la sub_fw-la imperio_fw-la regna_fw-la fuere_fw-la meo_fw-la he_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 1036_o after_o he_o have_v be_v twenty-seven_o year_n king_n of_o denmark_n twentyfour_o of_o england_n and_o seven_o of_o norway_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n to_o his_o son_n 10._o hardicnute_a who_o within_o four_o year_n obtain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n harald_n here_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1041_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o winchester_n 11._o magnus_n king_n of_o norway_n seize_v on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o hardicnute_a pretend_v a_o title_n to_o it_o by_o contract_n but_o he_o enjoy_v it_o not_o long_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1048_o and_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o 12._o sveno_fw-la esthret_n son_n on_o one_o vlf_n a_o english_a earl_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o leave_v behind_o he_o five_o son_n who_o all_o of_o they_o sit_v successive_o in_o their_o father_n throne_n 13._o harald_n sveno_n elder_a son_n hold_v the_o sceptre_n only_o two_o year_n he_o be_v a_o soft_a easy_a and_o timorous_a prince_n afraid_a to_o punish_v offender_n or_o to_o look_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n so_o that_o the_o english_a make_v use_n of_o the_o opportunity_n shake_v off_o the_o danish_a yoke_n without_o any_o considerable_a molestation_n 14._o st._n canutus_n king_n swain_n second_o son_n be_v barbarous_o murder_v in_o st._n alban_n church_n in_o odensee_n a_o city_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o funen_n whither_o he_o flee_v for_o sanctuary_n from_o the_o rage_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1088_o pontanus_n say_v 1077_o the_o occasion_n be_v this_o the_o pious_a king_n command_v that_o all_o his_o subject_n shall_v pay_v tithe_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n this_o edict_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o people_n by_o his_o brother_n olaf_n who_o long_v for_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a whereupon_o they_o quick_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n against_o their_o sovereign_n who_o to_o appease_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o rabble_n be_v martyr_v 15._o olaf_n swain_n three_o son_n upon_o the_o slaughter_n of_o his_o brother_n cnute_n which_o he_o traitorous_o have_v procure_v be_v by_o his_o follower_n unanimous_o declare_v king_n but_o his_o brother_n blood_n go_v not_o long_o unrevenged_a for_o in_o this_o king_n day_n the_o famine_n be_v so_o great_a in_o denmark_n that_o even_o the_o king_n household_n want_v bread_n olaf_n at_o last_o sensible_a that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o sin_n pray_v that_o god_n will_v turn_v the_o current_n of_o his_o vengeance_n from_o the_o people_n upon_o his_o head_n that_o have_v offend_v his_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o the_o same_o night_n in_o the_o year_n 1096_o he_o die_v hungry_a and_o miserable_a and_o the_o famine_n immediate_o abate_v 16._o eric_n swain_n four_o son_n surname_v the_o good_a for_o his_o religious_a zeal_n and_o piety_n who_o die_v in_o his_o pilgrimage_n towards_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o in_o his_o day_n lunden_n be_v make_v a_o archbishop_n see_v before_o which_o time_n all_o the_o danish_a bishop_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 17._o nicolas_n sveno_n young_a son_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o jute_n in_o revenge_n of_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
serve_v for_o a_o good_a landmark_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o sail_v along_o this_o dangerous_a shore_n this_o church_n be_v first_o build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n by_o king_n eric_n barn_n who_o st._n ansgar_n have_v convert_v to_o christianity_n about_o the_o year_n 848._o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o upon_o the_o reclaim_n of_o the_o dane_n from_o the_o idolatry_n they_o be_v relapse_v into_o this_o church_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o cathedral_n and_o ripen_v make_v a_o bishop_n see_v as_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o university_n at_o ripen_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o copenhagen_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o moment_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v 1._o kolding_n first_o build_v by_o eric_n glip_v about_o the_o year_n 1268_o in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o fortify_v with_o such_o strong_a wall_n and_o good_a ditch_n as_o make_v it_o a_o city_n able_a to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o danish_a dominion_n which_o in_o those_o day_n reach_v no_o further_a south_n than_o this_o place_n but_o they_o that_o think_v kolding_n have_v its_o name_n from_o ptolomy_n chali_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n make_v it_o a_o city_n much_o more_o ancient_a christian_n iii_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o and_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o country_n adjoin_v that_o he_o remove_v his_o court_n to_o the_o castle_n arnsburgh_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o town_n which_o he_o repair_v and_o in_o which_o he_o end_v his_o day_n on_o the_o south_n the_o city_n be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n which_o divide_v the_o northern_a jutland_n from_o the_o southern_a and_o separate_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n be_v empty_v soon_o after_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o bridge_n over_o this_o river_n bring_v yearly_o a_o great_a treasure_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n coffer_n for_o beside_o the_o impost_n upon_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o commodity_n for_o every_o ox_n or_o horse_n that_o pass_v this_o bridge_n towards_o holstein_n or_o any_o of_o the_o hans_n town_n the_o owner_n pay_v a_o rixdollar_n which_o consider_v the_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o kine_n which_o be_v yearly_o send_v this_o way_n out_o of_o the_o northern_a jutland_n must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o vast_a revenue_n 2._o we_o will_v a_o compact_n neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n but_o not_o very_o large_a 3._o ward_n 4._o rinkope_v both_o seat_v near_o the_o western-shore_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n 5._o holstebro_fw-la 6._o lemwick_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v northward_o seat_v on_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n at_o jell_v a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o bishopric_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n we_o will_v be_v to_o be_v see_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famon_n runic_a monument_n that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n afford_v this_o village_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o elling_n a_o general_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o fancy_v to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o several_a danish_a king_n the_o inscription_n have_v be_v think_v worthy_a the_o diligent_a enquiry_n of_o jos_n scaliger_n bonaventura_n vulcanius_n lindenbrogius_fw-la stephanius_n and_o wormius_n and_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o our_o description_n of_o this_o province_n the_o word_n be_v these_o haralter_n kunugr_n bad_a kaurva_fw-la kubl_n dausi_fw-la eft_o gurm_n fadur_v sin_n aug_n eft_o thiurni_n mudur_fw-fr sinasa_fw-la haraltr_n kesor_fw-la van_fw-mi tanmaurk_n alla_fw-mi aug_fw-mi nurvieg_n aug_n tini_fw-la folk_n kristno_n i._n e._n harald_n the_o king_n command_v this_o tomb_n to_o be_v build_v in_o remembrance_n of_o gormo_n his_o father_n and_o thyra_n his_o mother_n harald_n the_o emperor_n win_v denmark_n and_o all_o norway_n and_o christen_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o kingdom_n how_o worthy_a queen_n thyra_n be_v of_o such_o a_o last_a monument_n as_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o take_v notice_n of_o king_n harald_n style_v himself_n kesor_n or_o emperor_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n annex_v this_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o write_v himself_o emperor_n of_o the_o north_n till_o this_o king_n harald_n blaatand_n force_v he_o to_o retire_v and_o make_v he_o part_v with_o not_o only_o whatever_o he_o have_v take_v in_o jutland_n but_o a_o great_a part_n of_o saxony_n after_o so_o great_a a_o conquest_n and_o defeat_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o emperor_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o assume_v a_o title_n as_o swell_v as_o ever_o otho_n can_v pretend_v to_o who_o come_v no_o further_o than_o othesundt_fw-mi with_o his_o army_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o helmoldus_n report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o king_n of_o saxony_n as_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n observe_v in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n and_o contain_v in_o their_o saxon-spiegel_n southern_a jutland_n the_o southern_a jutland_n which_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o sleswic_n reach_v from_o kolding_n and_o the_o river_n leewens_n aa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o dannewirk_n which_o be_v reckon_v about_o eighteen_o german_a mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o do_v not_o anywhere_o exceed_v eight_o seldom_o six_o mile_n the_o chief_a city_n sleswic_n sleswic_n which_o sometime_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v sleswic_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o river_n or_o rather_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n de_fw-fr slye_n so_o that_o sleswic_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o village_n call_v ancient_o by_o the_o saxon_n wic_n by_o the_o hollander_n to_o this_o day_n wiick_n and_o the_o latin_n vicus_n upon_o the_o slye_n hence_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n sigulones_n which_o some_o read_v slieuâ—nes_n i.e._n wooner_n or_o dweller_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sly_a adam_n bremensis_n call_v the_o town_n slias-wig_a and_o ethelwerd_v a_o ancient_a english-saxon_a historian_n give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o it_o anglia_fw-it vetus_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la saxones_n &_o giotos_n habens_fw-la oppidum_fw-la capitale_n quod_fw-la sermone_fw-la saxonico_n sleswic_n nuncupatur_fw-la secundum_fw-la danos_n vero_fw-la haithaby_n i._n e._n old_a england_n lie_v between_o saxony_n and_o jutland_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o saxon_n sleswic_n but_o by_o the_o dane_n haithaby_n in_o a_o old_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v call_v sliestorff_n it_o have_v its_o danish_a name_n haitheby_o say_v pontanus_n from_o hetha_n a_o certain_a queen_n of_o denmark_n which_o assertion_n seem_v confirm_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o king_n aelfred_n english-saxon_a translation_n of_o orosius_n and_o of_o scipinge_n heal_v he_o cÆ¿aeþ_n ê§_n he_o seglode_v on_o fif_n dagan_a to_o þem_v porte_fw-fr þe_fw-fr mon_fw-fr haetaet_fw-la haeðh_n um_o se_fw-mi stint_v betÆ¿uh_o winedum_o &_o seaxum_n &_o angle_n &_o hyrðh_n in_o on_o dene_fw-mi i.e._n and_o from_o sciringes-heal_a he_o say_v that_o he_o sail_v in_o five_o day_n to_o the_o port_n which_o be_v call_v haethe_n which_o stand_v between_o the_o vandal_n vinedi_fw-la saxon_n and_o the_o angle_n to_o who_o it_o be_v subject_a it_o be_v questionless_a heretofore_o a_o city_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o britain_n france_n spain_n flanders_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o trade_a world_n adam_n bremensis_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1100_o call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la opulentissimam_fw-la ac_fw-la populosissimam_fw-la i.e._n a_o city_n exceed_v rich_a and_o populous_a and_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v for_o before_o mariner_n learn_v perfect_o the_o way_n of_o shun_v the_o dangerous_a sand_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o baltic_a carriage_n be_v usual_o bring_v up_o the_o eidor_n and_o threan_a as_o far_o as_o holl_v by_o ship_n and_o thence_o convey_v by_o land_n to_o sleswic_n where_o they_o be_v again_o ship_v and_o so_o transport_v into_o zeeland_n sweden_n etc._n etc._n the_o citizen_n here_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o the_o great_a church_n build_v by_o king_n eric_n barn_n assist_v by_o st._n anchar_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o not_o long_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1064_o the_o slavonian_n make_v incursion_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n
top_n of_o a_o hill_n command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n be_v first_o build_v by_o adolph_n of_o schaumburg_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o holstein_n earl_n adolph_n iv_o found_v a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_a minorite_n in_o this_o city_n which_o upon_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n into_o this_o country_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a territory_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hospital_n 2._o rensborg_n or_o reinholsburg_n found_v by_o one_o reinold_n of_o who_o we_o have_v no_o further_o account_v then_o that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o some_o great_a nobleman_n this_o be_v the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n environ_v with_o the_o byder_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v by_o earl_n gerhard_n the_o great_a 3._o wilster_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o soon_o after_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o stor_n 4._o nieumunster_n seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n of_o the_o stor_n not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n be_v only_o a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o saxony_n until_o lotharius_n great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bestow_v it_o upon_o adolph_n earl_n of_o schaumburg_n or_o schouwanburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1114._o since_o which_o time_n we_o have_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n 1._o adolph_n of_o schouwenburg_n the_o first_o absolute_a prince_n of_o holstein_n on_o who_o the_o earldom_n be_v bestow_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o his_o german_a and_o danish_a war_n 2._o adolph_n ii_o son_n to_o adolph_n the_o i._o have_v obtain_v his_o father_n earldom_n cast_v out_o the_o slavonian_n who_o a_o little_a before_o his_o time_n have_v overrun_v all_o this_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o plant_v in_o their_o room_n colony_n of_o german_n frisian_n and_o nether_a saxon_n in_o the_o quarrel_n among_o the_o three_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n sueno_n canutus_n and_o waldemar_n he_o side_v with_o canutus_n and_o have_v settle_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o king_n sueno_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o promise_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arms._n he_o leave_v the_o earldom_n to_o his_o son_n 3_o adolph_n iii_o who_o after_o many_o skirmish_n and_o battle_n with_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o keep_v close_a prisoner_n by_o that_o king_n who_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o some_o other_o grant_v he_o his_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n which_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v hitherto_o pretend_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n or_o any_o other_o place_n former_o subject_a to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o quiet_o retire_v to_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o ancestor_n at_o schouwenburg_n but_o these_o article_n though_o at_o the_o first_o secure_v by_o hostage_n be_v not_o long_o observe_v by_o his_o son_n 4._o adolph_n iu._n who_o associate_a to_o himself_o henry_n earl_n of_o zurin_n gerhard_n bishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o some_o other_o petit_fw-fr prince_n begin_v a_o rebellion_n against_o king_n waldemar_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n his_o father_n have_v be_v beat_v out_o of_o and_o renounce_v his_o son_n 5._o gerhard_n enjoy_v peaceable_o the_o dominion_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o be_v for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n at_o imsburg_n by_o the_o folchung_n a_o noble_a family_n in_o sweden_n for_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o ingemar_n a_o upstart_n gentleman_n but_o great_a favourite_n of_o their_o king_n magnus_n who_o they_o slay_v in_o a_o rage_n and_o cast_v his_o companion_n into_o prison_n 6._o henry_n gerhards_n son_n be_v the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o a_o custom-house_n in_o hamburg_n which_o bring_v in_o no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o successor_n 7._o gerhard_n the_o second_o son_n of_o henry_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o christopher_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v make_v protector_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n waldemar_n the_o three_o by_o these_o advantage_n his_o power_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o he_o venture_v to_o style_v himself_o duke_n of_o jutland_n and_o by_o degree_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n if_o not_o timely_o take_v off_o by_o one_o ebbo_n a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o murder_v he_o in_o his_o bed_n at_o randerhusen_n 8._o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o gerhard_n ii_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o ambassador_n send_v from_o that_o court_n a._n d._n 1363._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o candour_n courteous_a in_o his_o behaviour_n and_o exceed_o chaste_a and_o temperate_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n in_o short_a a_o man_n that_o have_v in_o he_o all_o the_o royal_a virtue_n that_o may_v deserve_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o modesty_n to_o refuse_v one_o when_o offer_v 9_o gerhard_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v son_fw-it after_o he_o have_v get_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n annex_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dithmarss_n who_o he_o have_v require_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n his_o son_n 10._o henry_n the_o three_o be_v deny_v that_o right_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n which_o his_o father_n have_v enjoy_v make_v war_n against_o eric_n the_o eight_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o which_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o flensburg_n he_o be_v slay_v 11._o adolph_n v._o common_o call_v the_o twelve_o by_o those_o that_o reckon_v all_o the_o earl_n of_o young_a house_n succeed_v his_o brother_n henry_n and_o be_v the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1440_o he_o receive_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o christopher_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n swear_v fealty_n to_o that_o crown_n christian_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n son_n of_o hedvigis_fw-la sister_n to_o henry_n and_o adolph_n the_o two_o last_o earl_n of_o holstein_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n adolph_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o dithmarss_n and_o change_v into_o a_o dukedom_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o a._n d._n 1474._o when_o this_o christian_a be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n become_v a_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o germany_n to_o their_o crown_n be_v reckon_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o duke_n of_o holstein_n though_o not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o any_o diet._n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o holstein_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v give_v to_o adolph_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n a._n d._n 1562_o who_o govern_v it_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n by_o turn_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o this_o duke_n and_o his_o issue_n male_a the_o title_n be_v confer_v on_o vlric_n king_n christian_n the_o four_o brother_n since_o his_o day_n there_o have_v be_v several_a house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n as_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n among_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n be_v chief_a and_o challenge_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v at_o first_o confer_v upon_o duke_n adolph_n king_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n jealous_a of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gottorp_n force_v this_o prince_n to_o quit_v his_o dukedom_n and_o leave_v his_o majesty_n in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o holstein_n but_o at_o the_o sign_v of_o the_o treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n at_o fountenblaeu_o on_o the_o second_o of_o september_n 1679_o the_o danish_a minister_n promise_v their_o master_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n restore_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n all_o his_o country_n town_n and_o place_n in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v and_o the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o all_o which_o he_o
neutrality_n and_o commerce_n and_o of_o all_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v maintain_v to_o which_o the_o king_n return_v they_o a_o kind_a answer_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o good_a will_n and_o that_o he_o will_v punctual_o observe_v on_o his_o part_n this_o agreement_n which_o do_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o the_o danish_a army_n decamp_v other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o note_n in_o stormar_n be_v 1._o gluckstadt_n build_v and_o well_o fortify_v by_o king_n christian_n iv_o who_o much_o delight_v in_o its_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o much_o improve_v by_o his_o successor_n it_o give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o its_o strength_n soon_o after_o the_o first_o building_n of_o it_o when_o it_o withstand_v and_o beat_v back_o the_o emperor_n army_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o siege_n of_o almost_o two_o year_n continuance_n without_o yield_v at_o last_o it_o command_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o elb_n so_o that_o it_o high_o concern_v the_o hamburgher_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n except_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o fort_n and_o so_o secure_a a_o free_a passage_n both_o for_o their_o man_n of_o war_n and_o merchant-ship_n 2._o crempe_n seat_v on_o a_o small_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o in_o the_o german_a war_n give_v a_o good_a testimony_n of_o its_o so_o be_v when_o in_o the_o year_n 1627._o and_o 1628._o it_o brave_o resist_v the_o fortunate_a german_a general_n count_n wallenstein_n for_o thirteen_o month_n together_o and_o at_o last_o be_v yield_v upon_o honourable_a term_n it_o owe_v the_o chief_a of_o its_o strength_n to_o king_n christian_n iu._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n and_o ditch_n 3._o itzehoa_o seat_v on_o the_o navigable_a river_n stoer_n which_o furnish_v it_o with_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n from_o abroad_o 4._o bredenberg_n one_o of_o the_o neat_a little_a town_n in_o all_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n territory_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o rantzow_n very_o remarkable_a for_o the_o stout_a resistance_n it_o make_v count_n wallenstein_n who_o have_v at_o last_o take_v it_o by_o storm_n put_v all_o the_o garrison_n in_o it_o to_o the_o sword_n wagria_n wagria_n or_o wagerland_n be_v almost_o gird_v round_o with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o two_o rivers_n trave_n and_o suentin_n the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o from_o odelslo_n as_o far_o as_o the_o village_n grotenbro_n amount_v to_o near_o forty-eight_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n about_o twenty_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o prince_n of_o holstein_n though_o they_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o every_o other_o province_n in_o that_o dukedom_n have_v not_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v a_o bulls-head_n in_o their_o coat_n perhaps_o because_o the_o arm_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o represent_v the_o whole_a province_n plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o ancient_a cimbrian_o who_o first_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o italy_n bear_v a_o bull's-head_n sable_a in_o a_o field_n gules_a which_o show_v of_o how_o venerable_a a_o antiquity_n the_o arm_n of_o wagerland_n be_v and_o how_o just_o they_o may_v claim_v some_o place_n if_o not_o the_o best_a in_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o wagrii_fw-la a_o people_n in_o slavonia_n who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o tract_n by_o conquest_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o wagerland_n be_v 1._o lubeck_n lubeck_n lubeck_n seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n trave_n and_o billew_n from_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o stately_a building_n some_o etymologist_n have_v derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n call_v it_o lobeck_n or_o ein_fw-ge eck_fw-ge dess_n lobe_n i._n e._n a_o honourable_a corner_n which_o agree_v well_o with_o the_o account_n a_o ancient_a poet_n give_v we_o of_o it_o in_o these_o two_o verse_n angulus_n haec_fw-la laudis_fw-la dicta_fw-la est_fw-la vrbs_fw-la nomine_fw-la prisco_fw-la angulum_fw-la in_o hunc_fw-la fertur_fw-la fluvius_fw-la travenna_n per_fw-la aequor_fw-la it_o be_v rebuilt_a by_o adolph_n ii_o earl_n of_o holstein_n about_o the_o year_n 1143._o but_o within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o grow_v so_o headstrong_a upon_o the_o daily_a accession_n of_o new_a privilege_n and_o charter_n grant_v by_o this_o prince_n and_o his_o successor_n that_o it_o bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n and_o become_v a_o dukedom_n of_o itself_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o it_o be_v make_v a_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n upon_o his_o death_n the_o lubecker_n choose_v themselves_o another_o duke_n who_o after_o he_o have_v govern_v they_o five_o year_n be_v vqnquish_v by_o the_o dane_n by_o who_o the_o city_n be_v make_v tributary_n to_o their_o king_n out_o of_o this_o bondage_n it_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o second_o who_o make_v it_o a_o imperial_a city_n in_o which_o state_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n will_v be_v describe_v elsewhere_o more_o at_o large_a 2._o segeberge_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n trave_n about_o sixteen_o english_a mile_n from_o lubeck_n it_o be_v ancient_o call_v aelberg_n which_o name_n upon_o the_o build_n of_o the_o castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o adjoin_v craggy_a mountain_n be_v change_v into_o segeberg_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o as_o helmoldus_n tell_v the_o story_n be_v this_o when_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n begin_v to_o advise_v with_o some_o of_o his_o counsellor_n in_o the_o year_n 1134_o about_o build_v some_o considerable_a fortification_n in_o these_o part_n which_o may_v check_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o sclave_n in_o this_o province_n and_o have_v at_o last_o pitch_v upon_o this_o hill_n as_o the_o most_o convenient_a place_n one_o of_o the_o sclavonian_a prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v speak_v prophetical_o to_o his_o companion_n these_o word_n see_v thou_o the_o fortification_n on_o the_o top_n of_o those_o mountain_n let_v i_o tell_v thou_o it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n prove_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n etc._n etc._n whence_o say_v the_o dane_n the_o place_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o segeberg_n which_o in_o high_a dutch_a signify_v behold_v the_o mountain_n 3._o odelso_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o river_n trave_n in_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o segeberg_n and_o lubeck_n in_o the_o year_n 1338_o john_n earl_n of_o wagerland_n buy_v this_o city_n into_o his_o hand_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n of_o silver_n after_o this_o it_o continue_v in_o a_o very_a flourish_a condition_n till_o eric_n of_o pomeren_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o holstein_n so_o deface_v it_o that_o it_o can_v never_o since_o recover_v its_o ancient_a glory_n 4._o ploen_n a_o ancient_a city_n seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n by_o which_o and_o a_o castle_n build_v not_o many_o year_n since_o by_o joachim_n ernestus_n duke_n of_o holstein_n after_o the_o italian_a fashion_n it_o be_v exceed_o well_o fortify_v in_o the_o further_a corner_n of_o wagerland_n lie_v the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a county_n of_o oldenburgh_n oldenburgh_n oldenburgh_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o province_n by_o the_o river_n brockaw_n though_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v on_o by_o all_o the_o danish_a writer_n that_o oldenburgh_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o county_n be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o wagrians_n and_o venedi_n then_o warlike_a nation_n to_o who_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v subject_a yet_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o this_o place_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o otho_n the_o great_a who_o after_o he_o have_v vanquish_v the_o venedi_n found_v here_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o translate_v to_o lubec_n and_o bestow_v it_o on_o marcus_n his_o chancellor_n it_o be_v former_o a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o exceed_v populous_a have_v be_v beautify_v with_o four_o church_n three_o monastery_n and_o five_o gate_n but_o since_o the_o port_n be_v stop_v up_o at_o the_o command_n of_o queen_n margaret_n its_o glory_n have_v decrease_v daily_a and_o by_o the_o late_a dreadful_a fire_n cause_v by_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n which_o have_v lay_v waste_n the_o best_a and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v now_o become_v much_o less_o considerable_a than_o it_o be_v before_o nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la totius_fw-la fioniae_fw-la vulgo_fw-la funen_n apud_fw-la janssenio-waesbergios_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ortelius_n out_o of_o pliny_n
pass_v all_o the_o merchant-ship_n which_o traffic_n in_o the_o baltic_a the_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v about_o twelve_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o length_n eighteen_o this_o island_n be_v undoubted_o the_o ancient_a codanonia_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n dania_n and_o denmark_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a etymologist_n derive_v seeland_n from_o soedland_n or_o seedland_n from_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n which_o this_o country_n afford_v other_o with_o great_a probability_n make_v the_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o island_n or_o piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n whence_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o several_a other_o ancient_a historian_n call_v it_o seelandia_n from_o the_o old_a danish_a word_n siam_fw-it or_o sio_n which_o be_v now_o turn_v into_o so_o and_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n corrupt_v into_o sea_n in_o most_o or_o all_o of_o the_o ancient_a runic_a manuscript_n it_o be_v call_v soelunder_n or_o the_o seagrove_n the_o edda_n islandorum_n call_v it_o soelund_n and_o give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o word_n there_o be_v former_o a_o certain_a king_n in_o sweden_n name_v gylfi_n who_o promise_v a_o asian_a sorceress_n call_v gesion_n who_o have_v please_v he_o with_o her_o melody_n as_o much_o land_n as_o four_o ox_n can_v plough_v up_o in_o one_o day_n and_o a_o night_n whereupon_o the_o old_a hag_n bring_v four_o of_o her_o son_n out_o of_o north_n jutland_n and_o turn_v they_o into_o as_o many_o ox_n cause_v they_o to_o plough_v up_o a_o large_a and_o deep_a furrow_n round_o this_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o when_o the_o sea_n have_v fill_v up_o the_o land_n become_v a_o isle_n and_o be_v call_v seelund_n stephanius_n think_v ptolemy_n allude_v to_o this_o fable_n when_o speak_v of_o some_o island_n in_o the_o baltic_a he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n beyond_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n lie_v three_o island_n call_v alociae_fw-la from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o furrow_n copenhagen_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o island_n copenhagen_n copenhagen_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o east_n of_o seeland_n upon_o the_o seashore_n the_o dane_n call_v it_o kiobenhaun_n and_o the_o german_n copenhaven_n both_o which_o word_n be_v corruption_n of_o kiobmanshafen_n i.e._n portus_n mercatorum_fw-la as_o saxo_n somewhere_o call_v it_o mejerus_fw-la a_o learned_a frisian_a writer_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o coppen_n which_o say_v he_o in_o the_o frisian_a language_n signify_v james_n and_o haven_n q.d._n st._n james_n haven_n but_o there_o be_v very_o little_a or_o no_o ground_n for_o any_o such_o derivation_n about_o the_o year_n 1168_o axil_v wide_o surname_v snare_n saxo_n call_v he_o absalon_n archbishop_n of_o denmark_n build_v a_o considerable_a fortification_n in_o the_o island_n in_o which_o now_o stand_v the_o castle_n this_o be_v call_v after_o his_o name_n axel-huys_a and_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o whole_a island_n against_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o pirate_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o this_o fort_n several_a fisherman_n and_o other_o that_o trade_v this_o way_n use_v to_o harbour_v their_o ship_n in_o security_n this_o cause_v a_o continual_a concourse_n of_o the_o native_n who_o resort_v hither_o to_o furnish_v the_o vessel_n with_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o country_n afford_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n lay_v the_o first_o rude_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n which_o at_o this_o day_n for_o strength_n trade_n beauty_n and_o bulk_n be_v not_o surpass_v by_o many_o in_o europe_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n especial_o christian_n iu._n have_v be_v very_o active_a in_o beautify_v this_o city_n with_o a_o university_n church_n wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n james_n ecland_n bishop_n of_o roschild_n be_v the_o first_o that_o grant_v any_o privilege_n to_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o these_o his_o successor_n ignatius_n confirm_v and_o they_o be_v afterward_o considerable_o enlarge_v by_o king_n waldemar_n in_o the_o year_n 1341_o and_o eric_n of_o pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1371._o christopher_n of_o bavaria_n endow_v it_o with_o municipal_a immunity_n like_o the_o other_o city_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1443._o all_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o large_a charter_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o and_o frideric_n the_o second_o the_o citizen_n house_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o low_a most_o of_o they_o patch_v up_o of_o wood_n and_o mortar_n but_o of_o late_o they_o be_v grow_v more_o curious_a and_o expensive_a in_o architecture_n and_o few_o of_o their_o street_n be_v without_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o fair_a brick_n building_n the_o cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n be_v beautify_v with_o a_o noble_a copper_n spire_n build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o king_n christian_n the_o four_o the_o advowsance_n of_o this_o church_n belong_v to_o the_o professor_n in_o the_o university_n the_o marketplace_n be_v exceed_o spacious_a and_o no_o small_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n beside_o these_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o arsenal_n which_o perhaps_o excel_v any_o thing_n that_o europe_n afford_v in_o this_o kind_n the_o observatory_n or_o runde_n taarn_v and_o the_o adjoin_a university_n church_n and_o library_n the_o exchange_n etc._n etc._n be_v place_n rich_o worth_a the_o see_n and_o deserve_v a_o large_a description_n than_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o short_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n will_v permit_v the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o four_o burgomaster_n one_o whereof_o be_v regent_n or_o precedent_n for_o his_o life_n this_o honour_n be_v at_o present_a confer_v on_o that_o worthy_a and_o learned_a person_n p._n john_n resenius_n professor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o the_o university_n at_o copenhagen_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n with_o he_o most_o of_o the_o other_o professor_n of_o note_n in_o this_o university_n as_o william_n langius_n former_o tutor_n to_o this_o present_a king_n christian_n the_o five_o erasmus_n vindingius_fw-la professor_n of_o history_n and_o geography_n and_o author_n of_o the_o academia_n hafniensis_n which_o give_v we_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o all_o the_o famous_a man_n that_o have_v ever_o flourish_v in_o this_o university_n thomas_n and_o erasmus_n bartholini_n both_o well_o know_v by_o their_o incomparable_a work_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o this_o day_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o the_o court_n of_o denmark_n and_o keep_v only_o the_o title_n and_o pension_n of_o professor_n without_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o duty_n selandiae_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la daniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la chorographica_n descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n viro_fw-la illustri_fw-la ac_fw-la gentroso_fw-la dno_fw-la georgio_n seefeldo_n haereditario_fw-la in_o reffes_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la senatori_fw-la ac_fw-la judici_fw-la provintiali_fw-la selandico_n domino_fw-la ac_fw-la patrono_fw-la plurimum_fw-la honorando_fw-la d._n d._n d._n johannes_n janssonius_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o this_o island_n be_v roschild_n roschild_n 1._o roschild_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o a_o river_n run_v by_o the_o town_n which_o drive_v seven_o mill_n roe_n in_o the_o ancient_a danish_a tongue_n signify_v a_o king_n and_o kill_v a_o stream_n of_o water_n it_o be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o of_o late_a year_n this_o city_n have_v decay_v and_o copenhagen_n grow_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o remarkable_a for_o any_o thing_n at_o this_o day_n save_o the_o great_a old_a cathedral_n the_o bury_a place_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o small_a trade_n this_o city_n be_v first_o make_v a_o bishop_n see_v by_o suenotho_n king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1012._o who_o give_v the_o bishopric_n of_o roschild_n which_o be_v now_o swallow_v up_o of_o copenhagen_n to_o gerebrand_n a_o monk_n afterward_o sueno_n gratenhede_v fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n ditch_n and_o bulwark_n lyscander_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v once_o no_o less_o than_o twenty_o seven_o fair_a church_n in_o this_o town_n among_o these_o i_o suppose_v he_o reckon_v the_o chapel_n build_v by_o king_n harald_n svenotho_n father_n in_o which_o both_o he_o and_o his_o son_n who_o dead_a corpse_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n to_o roschild_n to_o be_v bury_v be_v entomb_v in_o the_o old_a cathedral_n among_o many_o other_o rich_a monument_n in_o honour_n of_o several_a of_o the_o danish_a king_n and_o queen_n stand_v a_o fair_a marble_n pillar_n which_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n erect_v on_o purpose_n to_o hang_v thereon_o the_o whetstone_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o it_o with_o a_o chain_n which_o albert_n king_n of_o
withal_o when_o her_o young_a one_o be_v fledge_v and_o go_v the_o inhabitant_n take_v away_o the_o down_o and_o cleanse_v it_o for_o use_n if_o the_o feather_n be_v pull_v off_o by_o man_n hand_n they_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o immediate_o rot_v away_o another_o notable_a sort_n of_o bird_n they_o have_v which_o they_o call_v a_o imbrim_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o beak_n the_o back_o grey_a and_o chequered_a with_o white_a spot_n with_o a_o white_a ring_n about_o the_o neck_n this_o bird_n have_v two_o hole_n under_o her_o wing_n each_o large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o egg_n here_o it_o be_v think_v she_o hatch_v two_o egg_n at_o once_o be_v never_o see_v with_o above_o two_o young_a one_o at_o a_o time_n nor_o know_v to_o come_v ashore_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o cod_n whiteing_n large_a flounder_n etc._n etc._n beside_o murt_n a_o kind_n of_o pilchard_n so_o plentiful_a in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o havens_n and_o creek_n be_v fill_v with_o they_o of_o these_o with_o the_o seal_n grind-whale_n and_o dogfish_n which_o be_v former_o catch_v in_o great_a number_n upon_o their_o coast_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o fero-island_n make_v ancient_o a_o vast_a advantage_n but_o of_o late_a year_n their_o fishing-trade_n be_v strange_o decay_v these_o island_n be_v first_o inhabit_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o harold_n surname_v the_o fair-haired_a king_n of_o norway_n in_o the_o year_n 868._o for_o that_o king_n have_v take_v a_o resolution_n to_o reduce_v all_o norway_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o one_o prince_n fall_v foul_a upon_o all_o the_o petit_fw-fr prince_n in_o that_o kingdom_n who_o subject_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n either_o undo_v by_o the_o war_n or_o dispossess_v of_o their_o inheritance_n resolve_v to_o seek_v out_o other_o habitation_n and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o grimar_n camban_n a_o pirate_n at_o last_o seat_v themselves_o in_o these_o island_n regni_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la f._n lamb_n sculp_v to_o the_o worp_n will_v mark_n cottle_n esq_n registe_n r_o of_o the_o prerogative_n court_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v episcopatus_fw-la bergensis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiorum_a et_fw-la mosis_fw-la pitt_n nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la tabula_fw-la episcopatwm_fw-la stavangriensis_n bergensis_fw-la et_fw-la asloiensis_fw-la vicinarumque_fw-la aliquot_fw-la territoriorum_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergii_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n their_o diet_n be_v moderate_a and_o frugal_a on_o milk_n fish_n gruel_n and_o flesh_n they_o dry_v both_o their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n in_o the_o wind_n without_o salt_n have_v windhouse_n build_v for_o this_o purpose_n after_o the_o flesh_n be_v dry_v they_o boil_v it_o in_o water_n and_o thicken_v the_o broth_n with_o barly-meal_n which_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o their_o great_a delicacy_n the_o man_n wear_v woollen_a shirt_n flannel_n trowce_n and_o waistcoat_n with_o short_a loose_a coat_n of_o the_o same_o the_o woman_n rich_a and_o poor_a go_v all_o alike_o in_o strait_a gown_n without_o skirt_n their_o stomacher_n be_v common_o large_a and_o adorn_v with_o thin_a guilt_n jingle_v plate_n of_o tin_n their_o shoe_n which_o have_v no_o sole_n but_o be_v make_v of_o piece_n of_o leather_n draw_v together_o at_o the_o heel_n and_o toe_n and_o fasten_v with_o a_o string_n or_o ribbon_n above_o the_o ankle_n be_v of_o sheepskin_n for_o the_o woman_n and_o tan_a neats-leather_n for_o the_o man_n they_o lie_v on_o bed_n of_o hay_n overspread_v with_o piece_n of_o flannel_n the_o norwegian_a tongue_n be_v heretofore_o general_o speak_v in_o the_o fero-island_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o danish_a dialect_n have_v much_o prevail_v however_o in_o the_o northern_a island_n their_o language_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n make_v up_o of_o norwegian_a word_n and_o phrase_n though_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o a_o quite_o 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a_o oath_n take_v in_o norway_n and_o iseland_n we_o read_v hialpi_n mire_n svo_fw-la friar_n og_z niordur_n og_z hin_n all_o matke_v as_o i.e._n so_o help_v i_o friar_n and_o niordur_n a_o norwegian_a king_n deify_v for_o his_o noble_a exploit_n and_o the_o almighty_a asian_a i.e._n woden_n from_o he_o the_o iselander_n call_v the_o four_o day_n of_o the_o week_n odensdagur_n and_o we_o wendesday_n the_o nobility_n of_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o the_o north_n be_v wonderful_o ambitious_a of_o fetch_v their_o pedigree_n down_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o this_o patriarch_n and_o god_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n hence_o possible_o it_o come_v that_o in_o some_o copy_n of_o our_o anglo-saxonic_a chronicle_n the_o genealogy_n of_o our_o english_a king_n cerdic_n with_o several_a other_o be_v run_v up_o to_o one_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o son_n of_o woden_n and_o there_o the_o pedigree_n break_v of_o as_o if_o in_o so_o do_v they_o 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judicature_n judicature_n where_o former_o stand_v a_o high_a flame_a mountain_n which_o by_o degree_n burn_v away_o this_o plain_a say_v he_o be_v encompass_v with_o huge_a rock_n which_o make_v it_o inaccessible_a except_v only_o in_o one_o place_n and_o there_o too_o you_o have_v room_n for_o no_o more_o than_o one_o passenger_n at_o once_o from_o the_o top_n of_o two_o of_o these_o rock_n fall_v down_o two_o large_a river_n which_o with_o a_o terrible_a noise_n be_v swallow_v up_o by_o a_o whirl-pool_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o plain_a hither_o yearly_o upon_o the_o twenty-ninth_a day_n of_o june_n repair_v all_o such_o as_o have_v any_o suit_n at_o law_n or_o other_o controversy_n to_o be_v determine_v at_o the_o passage_n stand_v a_o guard_n of_o soldier_n who_o admit_v all_o in_o that_o desire_n the_o favour_n but_o suffer_v none_o to_o go_v out_o without_o a_o pass_n from_o the_o governor_n as_o soon_o as_o all_o who_o have_v any_o business_n be_v come_v in_o the_o governor_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o isle_n read_v his_o commission_n from_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n that_o do_v he_o give_v his_o charge_n insist_v much_o upon_o the_o good_a will_n and_o kindness_n which_o the_o king_n his_o master_n and_o himself_o bear_v the_o iselander_n and_o advise_v they_o all_o to_o administer_v justice_n without_o respect_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o person_n whatever_o after_o this_o he_o return_v to_o his_o tent_n where_o in_o a_o godly_a sermon_n preach_v to_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o assembly_n the_o necessity_n of_o punish_v offender_n and_o vindicate_v the_o injure_a be_v declare_v as_o soon_o as_o sermon_n be_v end_v the_o twelve_o choose_a justice_n who_o they_o call_v lochmader_n i.e._n man_n of_o the_o law_n sit_v down_o on_o the_o ground_n with_o each_o a_o book_n of_o the_o iselandic_n law_n in_o his_o hand_n after_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v both_o give_v in_o what_o they_o have_v to_o say_v they_o all_o arise_v and_o every_o man_n examine_v private_o the_o verdict_n of_o his_o book_n in_o the_o case_n propose_v return_v they_o consult_v awhile_o of_o the_o sentence_n and_o then_o unanimous_o pronounce_v it_o if_o any_o considerable_a doubt_n arise_v among_o they_o which_o they_o themselves_o can_v easy_o solve_v they_o consult_v the_o lieutenant_n but_o will_v not_o give_v he_o authority_n or_o leave_n to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n by_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n these_o twelve_o juryman_n of_o who_o one_o always_o be_v foreman_n have_v great_a respect_n show_v they_o as_o long_o as_o these_o assize_n last_o they_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v all_o civil_a cause_n and_o to_o pronounce_v condemnation_n as_o they_o think_v convenient_a against_o all_o criminal_n those_o that_o be_v condemn_v to_o die_v as_o adulterer_n murderer_n and_o notorious_a thief_n be_v behead_v but_o small_a misdemeanour_n be_v mark_v in_o the_o forehead_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n this_o
unanimous_a be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o whole_a island_n against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n the_o language_n ancient_o speak_v in_o rugen_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n tongue_n language_n language_n but_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n assist_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o island_n the_o wendish_n manner_n and_o language_n be_v utter_o abolish_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o rugen_n as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1404_o there_o be_v one_o old_a woman_n leave_v in_o the_o isle_n that_o understand_v perfect_o and_o can_v speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n and_o some_o few_o especial_o where_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n officer_n keep_v their_o residence_n speak_v swedish_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o be_v convert_v from_o their_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n religion_n religion_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n helmondus_n seem_v to_o point_v more_o especial_o at_o the_o rugian_o when_o he_o say_v inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la autem_fw-la borealium_fw-la populos_fw-la sola_fw-la slavorum_n provincia_n remansit_fw-la caeteris_fw-la durior_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la credendum_fw-la tardior_fw-la however_o about_o the_o year_n 813_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a monk_n venture_v to_o preach_v up_o christianity_n to_o these_o stubborn_a people_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n as_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n to_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o the_o true_a faith_n but_o they_o as_o quick_o abandon_v christianity_n and_o relapse_v into_o their_o former_a idolatry_n for_o as_o upon_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n in_o lycaonia_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o st._n barnabas_n and_o st._n paul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o mercury_n so_o these_o poor_a people_n mistake_v god_n minister_n for_o god_n himself_o idolise_v st._n vite_fw-la a_o poor_a monk_n that_o have_v undertake_v their_o conversion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o swant_n which_o name_n be_v afterward_o give_v to_o a_o monstrous_a four_o head_a image_n which_o they_o worship_v in_o a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o this_o idol_n all_o the_o rugian_o repair_v as_o to_o a_o oracle_n for_o advice_n and_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o have_v make_v a_o safe_a voyage_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v up_o some_o of_o their_o best_a merchandise_n as_o a_o tribute_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o this_o grand_a tutelary_a god_n of_o the_o island_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v keep_v constant_o for_o the_o service_n of_o swant_n one_o whereof_o be_v white_a and_o never_o rid_v but_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n this_o horse_n be_v now_o and_o then_o show_v to_o the_o people_n in_o a_o morning_n all_o over_o besmear_v with_o dirt_n and_o sweat_n the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n protest_v to_o the_o multitude_n that_o swant_n himself_o have_v bring_v the_o beast_n into_o that_o pickle_n by_o engage_v with_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n of_o rugen_n the_o night_n before_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_v this_o idol_n which_o stand_v in_o arcona_n the_o famous_a city_n in_o old_a rugen_n before_o mention_v be_v thus_o the_o chief_a priest_n look_v into_o a_o horn_n which_o the_o image_n hold_v in_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o which_o have_v be_v fill_v the_o year_n before_o with_o a_o precious_a liquor_n prognosticate_v from_o the_o good_a quantity_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v the_o plenty_n or_o dearth_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o do_v with_o his_o lip_n shut_v for_o fear_v of_o harm_v the_o idol_n with_o his_o breath_n he_o very_o solemn_o pour_v out_o the_o remain_a liquor_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o image_n and_o have_v replenish_v it_o afresh_o place_v it_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reverence_n in_o the_o god_n right_a hand_n whence_o he_o have_v take_v it_o down_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o anniversary_n feast_v and_o jollity_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n the_o rugian_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n until_o by_o a_o continual_a conversation_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o pomeranian_o they_o be_v almost_o insensible_o turn_v christian_n and_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o at_o last_o whole_o quit_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rugen_n be_v as_o zealous_a assertor_n and_o maintainer_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n as_o any_o german_n whatever_n the_o isle_n be_v ancient_o govern_v by_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o grammar_n grammar_n who_o dominion_n reach_v beyond_o the_o narrow_a boundary_n the_o sea_n have_v set_v they_o a_o great_a way_n into_o pomeren_n take_v in_o all_o the_o territory_n near_o stralsund_n gripswald_n and_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n antiquity_n will_v afford_v we_o a_o register_n of_o eleven_o prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o those_o in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o wislaus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 938._o 2._o grimus_fw-la remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o his_o fill_v up_o a_o space_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o these_o prince_n 3._o cruco_n or_o crito_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o obatriti_n in_o the_o year_n 1100_o who_o after_o he_o have_v for_o some_o year_n exercise_v idolatry_n and_o tyranny_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v depose_v and_o slay_v by_o henry_n son_n of_o gothscalc_n another_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o the_o say_v obitriti_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o his_o wife_n schlavine_n daughter_n to_o swantibor_n i._o prince_n of_o pomeren_n 4._o raze_v a_o great_a warrior_n who_o besiege_v lubec_n and_o take_v it_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1141._o 5._o teslaus_n a_o prince_n who_o have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n two_o whereof_z eric_n vi._n and_o sueno_n iii_o he_o as_o often_o overcome_v as_o he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o but_o at_o last_o be_v utter_o vanquish_v and_o make_v tributary_n by_o king_n waldemar_n 6._o jarimar_n teslaus_n brother_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o rugen_n that_o embrace_v christianity_n 7._o barmita_n arimar'_v son_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1241._o 8._o witzlaus_n ii_o barmita_n brother_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o campen_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1247._o 9_o jarimar_n ii_o witzlaus_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o immediate_o after_o his_o admittance_n to_o the_o government_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o after_o many_o engagement_n get_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n ease_v from_o that_o yoke_n in_o the_o year_n 1259._o 10._o witzlaus_n iii_o jarimar_n the_o second_o be_v son_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o liefland_n where_o himself_o sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o priest_n preach_v christianity_n to_o the_o poor_a infidel_n of_o those_o part_n 11._o witzlaus_n iv_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o rugen_n of_o this_o family_n upon_o the_o unruly_a growth_n of_o the_o great_a city_n of_o stralsund_n the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n find_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o grapple_v with_o this_o prince_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o subject_n to_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n if_o by_o violence_n or_o otherwise_o they_o can_v procure_v their_o liberty_n whereupon_o they_o open_o proclaim_v themselves_o a_o free_a city_n declare_v that_o neither_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n can_v lawful_o pretend_v to_o exact_v any_o tribute_n or_o homage_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n upon_o the_o noise_n of_o this_o revolt_n prince_n witzlaus_n assist_v by_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a king_n and_o prince_n besiege_v stralsund_v demand_v submission_n together_o with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o unpardonable_a crime_n in_o dare_v to_o make_v so_o traitorous_a a_o revolt_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o the_o stralsunder_v not_o only_o persist_v in_o the_o resolution_n of_o assert_v their_o liberty_n to_o the_o last_o but_o brave_o withstand_v the_o assault_n of_o witzlaus_n and_o his_o associate_n and_o after_o many_o hot_a dispute_n slay_v this_o prince_n in_o a_o sally_n thereby_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o whole_a lineage_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1325._o after_o this_o the_o island_n of_o rugen_n with_o other_o part_n of_o that_o principality_n upon_o the_o continent_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o
the_o follow_a order_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o first_o 3._o ernest_n frideric_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 4._o frideric_n iii_o ernest_n son_n 5._o john_n frideric_n the_o three_o brother_n 6._o john-frideric_a the_o son_n of_o john_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n 7._o maurice_n cousin-german_a to_o his_o predecessor_n john_n who_o drive_v charles_n the_o five_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o siffridhuse_v against_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o augustus_n maurice_n brother_n 9_o christian_n augustus_n son_n 10._o christian_n ii_o son_n of_o christian_a the_o first_o 11._o john_n george_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o first_o side_v with_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n against_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n against_o the_o emperor_n 12._o john_n george_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o he_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o quiet_a and_o die_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n leave_v the_o electorate_v to_o his_o son_n 13._o john_n george_n iii_o this_o elector_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o low_a stature_n but_o great_a spirit_n something_a fat_a and_o corpulent_a but_o withal_o active_a and_o brisk_a he_o be_v bear_v the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n a._n d._n 1647_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o marry_v ann_n sophia_n princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o sister_n to_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n by_o she_o he_o have_v several_a child_n the_o elder_a of_o who_o john_n george_n be_v the_o electoral_a prince_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o germany_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n except_v only_o the_o imperial_a family_n although_o the_o circuit_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o what_o his_o neighbour_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v master_n of_o they_o that_o reckon_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o amount_v to_o 400000_o pound_n sterling_a speak_v modest_o enough_o and_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o compute_v all_o the_o income_n of_o his_o treasury_n from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o beer_n and_o all_o other_o commidity_n from_o tax_n mine_n etc._n etc._n will_v i_o presume_v find_v it_o rise_v to_o a_o much_o large_a sum_n the_o profit_n which_o arise_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o silver_n mine_n at_o freyberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o his_o territory_n have_v be_v long_o since_o compute_v to_o amount_v yearly_a to_o 130000_o pound_n and_o certain_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o labourer_n will_v rather_o augment_v that_o sum_n the_o excise_n or_o impost_n upon_o beer_n in_o leipsick_a only_a a_o city_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o parish_n be_v usual_o farm_a at_o the_o rate_n of_o 20000_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o this_o and_o the_o like_a custom_n he_o have_v ten_o of_o all_o the_o corn_n fruit_n wine_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a stand_a tax_n lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n grant_v at_o first_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o hostility_n but_o gather_v since_o in_o day_n of_o peace_n at_o least_o as_o to_o that_o enemy_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o receive_v he_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v attack_v this_o country_n answerable_a to_o these_o vast_a revenue_n be_v the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n his_o attendants_z be_v usual_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o train_n of_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour-prince_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o elector_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v court_n at_o the_o same_o time_n three_o duke_n as_o many_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n of_o foreign_a nation_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v pensioner_n to_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o two_o late_a elector_n abate_v much_o of_o this_o state_n and_o grandeur_n witness_v the_o funeral_n of_o john_n george_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o at_o which_o be_v twentyfour_o horse_n of_o state_n cover_v with_o black_a and_o the_o electoral_a eschutcheon_n wrought_v thereon_o each_o of_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o two_o gentleman_n after_o which_o follow_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o person_n in_o mourning_n the_o court_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v always_o more_o brand_v with_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v then_o any_o other_o prince_n palace_n in_o germany_n nor_o have_v the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v able_a to_o shun_v the_o imputation_n a_o red_a nose_n be_v as_o be_v report_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o inseparable_a badge_n of_o that_o family_n ii_o leipzig_n leipzig_n leipzig_n this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o vandal_n who_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n word_n lipzk_n which_o signify_v a_o lindentree_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n which_o former_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n whence_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o phylurea_n instead_o of_o lipsia_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tilia_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o small_a river_n the_o elster_n pleissa_n and_o parda_fw-it in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n and_o pleasure_n as_o large_a and_o rich_a meadow_n which_o be_v mow_v twice_o constant_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o year_n pleasant_a wood_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fine_a orchard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o orchard_n or_o garden_n but_o the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o stately_a fabric_n pleissenburg_n or_o the_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o pleissa_n which_o defend_v the_o town_n be_v a_o strong_a fort_n and_o strict_o guard_v and_o st._n nicolas_n church_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o fair_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o any_o lutheran_n church_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n have_v general_o well-built_a house_n many_o whereof_o especial_o near_o the_o marketplace_n be_v seven_o some_o nine_o story_n high_a near_o this_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o this_o town_n be_v five_o several_a time_n besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n 1633._o but_o restore_v upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n sign_v at_o prague_n a._n d._n 1635._o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o beside_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n which_o be_v think_v to_o flourish_v here_o in_o a_o more_o refine_a strain_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o misnia_n and_o consequent_o of_o germany_n the_o three_o thing_n follow_v 1._o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o note_n in_o europe_n especial_o dure_v the_o three_o fair_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v yearly_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o michaelmas_n 2._o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o elector_n himself_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n the_o manner_n of_o procede_v in_o this_o court_n be_v at_o large_a deliver_v by_o zobelius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v differentiae_fw-la juris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la &_o civilis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la lipsiense_n write_v not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o high_o dutch._n 3._o the_o university_n which_o be_v found_v here_o a._n d._n 1408_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o hussites_n and_o papist_n at_o prague_n whereby_o the_o former_a be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o town_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o at_o leipsig_n to_o which_o city_n two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flock_v in_o one_o day_n there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o this_o day_n four_o college_n and_o twenty_o four_o public_a professor_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a professor_n of_o divinity_n be_v dr._n john_n adam_n schertzer_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a humanity_n and_o as_o great_a learning_n the_o several_a book_n he_o have_v publish_v especial_o his_o collegium_fw-la anti-socinianum_a wherein_o he_o have_v brave_o confute_v those_o knotty_a argument_n of_o the_o cracovian_a party_n which_o few_o of_o his_o countryman_n before_o he_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o world_n the_o quickness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o foundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n his_o