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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51184	Remarkable addresses by way of embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Emperor of Japan Containing a description of their several territories, cities, temples, and fortresses; their religions, laws, and customs; their prodigious vvealth, and gorgeous habits; the nature of their soil, plants, beasts, hills, rivers, and fountains: with the character of the ancient and modern Japanners. Collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus. English'd, and adorn'd with a hundred several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq; His Majesties cosmographer, geographick printer, and master of the revels in the Kingdom of Ireland.; Gedenkwaerdige gesantschappen der Oost-Indische maatschappy in 't Vereenigde Nederland, aan de Kaiseren van Japan. English.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing M2486A; ESTC R218646	565,250	480

Ships who commonly put their Priests ashore in such private Places Why did you not whilst you Cruised on the Coast send some of your Officers ashore that might tell our Magistrates you were Hollanders your neglecting of this Duty made the Inhabitants of Namboe suspect you The Emperor also resented it very hainously that you should offer to fire several Guns on his Coast which is certainly reported to the Council though you deny it for which Crime you are liable to be punish'd The Hollanders Answer These Questions Schaep answer'd thus The Japan Fishers receiv'd full satisfaction for their Fish and moreover they entertain'd them with all civility giving them Arak and what else they desir'd by which they might well judge we were Friends and no Enemies besides we inform'd them as well as we could possible that we were Hollanders but whether they understood it or not because not being able to speak the Japan Tongue we know not Furthermore we have not the least knowledge concerning the Emperors Watches nor of that Order of coming ashore to make themselves known and as for often Shooting they were altogether ignorant of because they fir'd but once and that was for the Reason aforesaid and as for what happen'd and was done in the Haven of Namboe was upon the entreaty of some Japan Lords so that if any other great Guns have been heard to fire they must needs have been from the Ship Castrecom or some other Vessels Tosaimon's Examination Whereupon Tosaimon again reply'd Since you are Hollanders to whom the Emperor grants a free Trade why did you not freely ask for Masts Yards Rice Provision and other Necessaries of which you might have had enough in the Haven of Namboe Why did none of you go before the Magistrates then Did the Governor of Batavia command you to put in for Japan or did you come thither of your own accords What Officers have the chief Command of the Ketch Breskens and Castrecon Who will certifie the Emperor that your Voyage was for Tartary and not rather to Land Portuguese Priests because at present there is Peace concluded between the Portuguese and the United Netherlands Schaep's Answer Captain Schaep answer'd When on the first time they entred the Haven of Namboe hundreds of Japanners came flocking Aboard of them to see the Ship who being kindly entertain'd by us granted that we should furnish our selves with fresh Water which then was all we defir'd and also told them that we were Hollanders after which being toss'd by Tempest we were a second time forc'd to stand for Namboe but entred not the Harbor before we had leave from the Governor who also granted us to buy all manner of Necessaries for the Ships for which purpose coming ashore we were carry'd Prisoners to Jedo without the help of Witnesses to certifie that we were Hollanders and accordingly the Emperor's Friends Furthermore they had no absolute Command from the Governor in Batavia nor the Indian Council whether to put in for Japan nor to keep off from it but to make a Letter of Agreement before we came from Ternata to the end that if their Ships should be separated by Storm or otherwise they might the easier find one another again by both their Ships Councel before Ternata the Japan Coast was judg'd to be fittest for that purpose because it lay in their Way The Command over both the Ships belong'd to the Merchant Captain and Pilot. Lastly although the War between the United Netherlands and the Portuguese be laid aside for some years concerning which a Writing was made by the Prince of Orange and the States under which the East-India Company are comprehend yet notwithstanding that the Portuguese Priests were sworn Enemies to them because of an irreconcileable difference in their Religion wherefore they would willingly suffer the cruel'st Death that could be imagin'd if they could any ways be accused to have put any Priests on the Japan Coast Manikebe's Examination Manikebe ask'd moreover Whereabouts Tartary lay How they could find it without a Map How they came to know that such Cities for Trade were seated there How can your People said he be without Maps whereas you have those of the whole World where Tartary is also Without doubt the Pilot of the Ship Castrecom hath a Map of Tartary and would you not be amazed to see such a one sent from Nangesaque Schaep's Reply On these Questions Captain Schaep again made this answe We could not get a Map of Tartary any where but had Orders from the Indian Council that when we had Weather'd the utmost North-Point of Japan to steer North-west and if we could meet with no Land to keep on till forty five Degrees then stand to the Norch-east to six and fifty Degrees Northern Latitude where the River Polisange disembogues into the South-Sea On the Banks of this River are erected several famous Cities for Trade accordingly describ'd in credible Books but because no European Ships have ever Sail'd thither we could not find a Map of that Coast and therefore would not regard any Chard that should be made by Art which was not real and from thence it proceeded that the Hollanders though they have Maps of the World yet they place no Sea-Coasts therein but what are discover'd by Navigation They could also with real truth affirm that the Ship Castrecom was unprovided of such a Map and if a Map of Tartary might be seen from Nangesaque it must without doubt be one of the Inland-Countreys and not of the Sea-Coast because to our knowledge never any European Ship Sail'd thither to discover them Enquiry after the Religion in Holland Manykebe ask'd moreover Are the Hollanders not Christians and believe in the same God that the Portuguese do What fast-Fast-days do they keep Keep they not holy the day on which the Cross was found Are there no Popish-Priests in Holland What difference is there between the two Religions of the Hollanders and Portuguese The Answer thereupon These Questions were thus Answer'd The Hollanders are Christians and acknowledge the Trinity by which the World and all things therein were Created about six thousand years ago and is yet preserv'd and govern'd They keep no Feasts but one day in seven call'd The Lords-Day on which they rest from all manner of Labors and go in great companies to their Churches In private there liv'd some Roman Priests that had small Congregations for which they were often times punish'd by their Judges by reason of the great difference between the Roman Religion and that Opinion which the Hollanders embrac'd who abhor the Pope and all his Doctrine and are onely bound neither to add nor diminish to one Book or Word Written by God himself through his Apostles As for any farther difference they were not able to give them any account because from their youth they had been brought up at Sea and it was the least of their business to enquire after the

Affairs of the Netherlands and wondred that a Countrey of so small a compass should manage such a War against the greatest Prince in Europe the King of Spain and compelling him to an Agreement settle Plantations in many places through the world During this their Discourse he Treated the Ambassadors with such Dainties as the Countrey would afford and though he was very feeble with age and troubled with the Gout and at that time scarce able to go yet he led Spex and Segerssoon out at the Gate promising them in the after-noon to conduct and procure them an Audience in the Castle which Sadadonne perform'd The Netherland Ambassadors appear before the Emperors Son at Jedo for at two of the Clock they came before the young Emperor at whose Feet they laid two Pieces of fine Stammel one Piece of Carsey of the same colour fifteen Ells of Green Flower'd Grogarin nine Ells of Crimson Flower'd Black one Piece of Damask one Piece of Cloth of Gold Tissue five Norenburg Carpets one Piece of Sattin Flower'd with Roses one Piece of Lutestring three Elephants Teeth an hundred Bars of Steel one Musket two Carbines and Powder-Horns five less Flasks and some Pounds of shot The Emperors Son thank'd the Ambassadors for their Presents and they were joyful that he had accepted of them whose favor to obtain the Hollanders had endeavor'd long before then bowing his head the Emperor retiring order'd Spex and Segerssoon to be conducted through the Palace without the Castle by Sadadonnes Gentlemen with a Command for Horses Letters of Conduct Souldiers two Japan Coats and several other Presents both to Spex and Segerssoon and his Protection wheresoever they went Were very lovingly entertain'd Afterwards the Ambassadors were invited to a Dinner by the Governors Brother of Firando and while they were resolving to take Shipping to Sail to the Haven of Wormgouw Sadadonne prepar'd a Galley for them and a Bark for their Goods Never any Europeans whatsoever were receiv'd more kindlier at Jedo than they for the Spanish Ambassador though he had a little before made his entrance there with great Pomp yet waited many days before they were admitted to Audience where also they met but with a cold Entertainment The five and twentieth of August Spex and Segerssoon set Sail in the prepar'd Vessels and arrived in the Evening in the Haven of Wormgouw where they lodg'd in William Adam's House and found a Ship which Sailing along the weather Shore had narrowly escap'd a great Storm which else would certainly have been cast away on the North of Japan The Pomp of the Spaniards in Mexico to entertain the Japanners This Vessel brought the Japanners back which some time before Sail'd over with Roderigo de Riduere to New-Spain where they were so sumptuously entertain'd that it cost the King of Spain above fifty thousand pieces of Eight bearing all their Expences from Acapulco to Mexico where they were receiv'd in great State How New Guinee was discover'd Two Netherlanders Sailing in the Ship inform'd them that the Castilians from Manilla had discover'd on the unknown South Countrey New-Guinee lying under a temperate Climate and Inhabited by civil people full of all sorts of Provision besides Nutmegs and Gold two of the Inhabitants being stoln from the Countrey were carry'd to Madrid so to learn the Language and give them further information concerning the discover'd Coast of New-Guinee which seem'd to be of great importance to the Castilians who promis'd themselves great advantages in sending Ships from the Manilla's thither wherefore they left several men ashore to make further inspection into the Countrey and also in time to People it with their own Nation The Captain of the Ship sent three of his Officers to Complement Spex and Segerssoon and soon after several Messengers to invite them to a Collation but the Netherland Ambassadors judging that he ought first to give them a Visit they excus'd themselves The request of the Castilians to the Emperor of Japan They also were informed that the Spaniards were very earnest with Goyssio Samma Emperor of Japan to obtain leave for to sound the Japan Havens because many Ships richly Freighted Sailing over from Manilla to New-Spain were oft-times loft at Sea suffering by stress of Weather which if they might Harbor upon the Coast of Japan they would escape the like danger but they durst not adventure because they knew not the depth and sounding of the Havens Lastly they requested that they might build Ships in Japan because Wood and other Materials nor experienc'd Ship-Wrights were so easily to be had in Manilla and New-Spain as there The description of the habit of a common Citizen of Japan The Netherland Ambassadors having notice thereof went on their way through Oiso and Justivarra and Surunga about noon on the nine and twentieth of August they took Horse there amongst a great throng of People Their Habits as of all other common Citizens very costly Their Crowns shaven after the manner of Friers their Hair ty'd up behind in rowls with Fillets when they are Marry'd one Lock hangs down by the Roll. Their Coats are ty'd with Girdles broad as our Belts of several Colours in which below the left Breast sticks a Cutting-Knife by them call'd Siakkin a two-handed Sword also sticks in their Girdle thrust under the left Arm the Handle cover'd over with a Shaggerine or Fish-skin Their Coats are made with very broad Borders and Embroyder'd with variety of colour'd Flowers all walking with Canes in their hands in stead of Shooes they wear Clogs not unlike the Carmelites in Brabant made fast with a string about the great Toe by which they draw it along when they lift up their Foot But Spex and Segerszoon arriving at Mexico The Netherlands return again to Surunga made their return from Jedo known by William Adams to Cosequidonne who also immediately sent one of his Gentlemen to welcome them thither and to enquire concerning what success they had in their Journey whereupon they made Answer They could never be thankful enough to Cosequidonne for his kindness shew'd them he being the means that all things in Jedo happen'd according to their desire Furthermore the Japan Emperor as William Adams understood from Cosequidonne had enquir'd about the Lading which the Netherland Ship had brought to Firando upon which the Ambassadors rested not but instantly drew an Inventory of all her Lading which they sent by William Adams to Cosequidonne with a request that he would speedily dispatch the desir'd Letters of License that the Netherland Ships might Trade without any molestation in Japan In answer whereof he brought them word That the Letters of License lay ready onely they wanted the Imperial Signet which should be ready on that day or at farthest on the morrow Where whilst they staid waiting for it they saw in their Lodging one Jacob a Japan Christian being Captain of Junck who formerly had been kept by Wittert Governor of

them also many Mysteries of the depths and shallowness of Waters and the ebbing and flowing of the Ocean But especially they discoursed at large of Earthquakes because they frequently infest Japan sometimes shaking it like a Skiff toss'd by the Waves at other times lifting it up and down and swallowing whole Villages Towns Cities nay great Tracts of Land leaving in their steads unfathomable Pits all which wrought strange effects in the Japanners But they were much more concern'd even to admiration when the Jesuits told them before-hand the Moneth Week Day Hour and Minute when the Sun or Moon would be Ecclypsed the first by the Moons passing before the Sun the second by the interposition of the Terrestrial Globe betwixt the Sun and Moon Japanners are desirous of Learning These Discourses concerning Lightning Thunder Clouds Rain Hail Fountains Floods and other natural Motions and Meteors delighted the Japanners the more because they are much addicted to learn knowledge of Mysteries Johannes Fernandes relates That they came daily to his House spending the time in asking all manner of Questions concerning God and his Divine Works The fourth Reason may be known by the Bonzies The fourth Reason of the happy and prosperous success of the Catholick Religion in Japan may be drawn from the Bonzies who not onely taught wicked and abominable Doctrine but lead also very debauch'd and vicious Lives What Lodowick Frojus writes in a Letter from Firando to the Indian Jesuits concerning their abominable Religion Their wicked Religion may serve for a pattern He tells us of a Gentlewoman that was ninety years old who had paid her Devotions in several of the Japan Temples and bestow'd great Revenues upon some of them this Bounty of hers was requited by the Bonzies with a Paper Coat which they esteem'd very highly for the Life of Amida was at large written therein and it was accounted an extraordinary and peculiar favor to purchase such a Coat with a great sum of Money for the Woman dying in the same was immediately transported to the happy Place of Amida's Residence without suffering any pain to cleanse her from her former offences But Johannes Fernandes being fetch'd to a sick Person of kindred to the foremention'd Gentlewoman discoursed with her laying open the vainness of the Paper Coat against which he us'd so many arguments that she tore and burnt it The other wickednesses of their Religion appears by murdering themselves to the honor of Amida Their Cruelties Xaca and Canon The Bonzies live very debauch'd And no less abominable were the Lives of the Bonzies whose Debaucheries Drunkenness Whoring Murdering and other outrages were known to most People nay they accounted it no sin to Rob upon the High-ways and go a Pyrating upon the Sea oftentimes venturing to set upon whole Towns and Villages burning the Houses to the ground and putting the Inhabitants all to the Sword not so much as sparing the poor Infants for which their Cruelties the Emperor Nobunanga burnt their Cloysters and as many as he could get of the Bonzies caus'd them to be nail'd on Crosses to die a lingring Death This made the way clear for the Jesuits who told them they were come above six thousand Leagues over the Sea to Japan to no other end but to teach them the right Road to Salvation The fifth Reason is the alliance of the Japan Religion with the Catholick At last the little difference which was between the Japan Religion and the Catholick made an easie way for the Jesuits to settle it And certainly there was a great resemblance of the Japan Religion to the other according to which the Dayro in Meaco governs himself not much unlike the Pope at Rome Moreover the Japanners have an infinite number of Cloysters full of Priestesses and Nuns who punish themselves for their sins and account Marriage unlawful in some of their religious Orders They are perswaded that the more largely they shew their Charity to the Cloysters the sooner they shall go to Amida's happy dwelling so that their Bounty in those particulars makes them equal in their future happiness for the Heirs of the Deceased with Gifts and Presents beseech the Bonzies to deliver them by their means from their Pain They all Read their Prayers by Beads Concerning matters of Religion none may Judge but the Dayro and a Cloyster They account it great Piety in any to visit the Tombs or Shrines of the Japan Saints These were the chiefest Reasons why the Catholick Faith went on so successfully in Japan which nevertheless for divers causes before-mention'd met with such oppositions that at this day there is scarce one Christian to be found in the Countrey Nobunanga Taicosama and Daifusama as we have already mention'd begun to persecute them but being continually busi'd with Civil Wars amongst themselves they found their hands so full that their Cruelties gave some little intermissions The first Persecution of the Christians But when Conbosama took possession of the Imperial Throne he feard none since Fideri was burnt with the chiefest of the Nobility by his Father Daifusama Thus suspecting no manner of Insurrection Anno 1617 he began anew to raise Persecutions endeavoring totally to subvert Christianity and utterly root out all its Professors with the greatest torturing that could be thought on therefore when to be nail'd on Crosses and run through the Sides with two Lances seem'd too easie a Death and to be beheaded was far easier Therefore he resolv'd to make them feel a more painful and lingring Exit and that he perform'd by roasting them to death in this manner Christians are Roasted First a great Post was driven into the Earth placing several Pyles of Wood about it and onely leaving a Gap or Passage open towards that Corner from whence the Wind blew through which those that were to suffer pass'd to the Stake to which they were bound by the Hands with a Rope of twelve Foot long and about the same distance the Wood lay about the Post excepting onely where the Gap was left to the end the Wind might blow away the Smoak that the Martyrs might not suddenly be choaked up and so die sooner and easier than those bloody Persecutors desir'd so that they were roasted by degrees and died if it were possible a thousand Deaths in one undergoing the miserablest torture that could be imagin'd Burning of Men very antient This kind of burning of Mankind had a long time before been us'd in the World but never in so cruel a method as in Japan The Holy Scripture tells us of Juda that he condemn'd his Daughter in Law to be burnt because she had committed Adultery Gen. 38.24 of which Moses saith thus Bring Thamar forth and let her be burnt The Rabbin Jews affirm that Thamar was the Priest Melchisedech's Daughter and therefore for her Uncleanness was to be burnt by order of the holy Law Levit. 31.6 which saith If a Priest's Daughter play

Murder as other Commanders who aim'd by their Cruelties to exceed each other he being most commonly troubled with a Distemper that would scarce let him rest either Night or Day So that he regarded the Christians but little being also very intent in desiring his Nobles to let him resign up his Authority Kauwaytsdo is made Governor of Nangesaque This at last was granted him and Kauwaytsdo sent by the Emperor to succeed not without great trouble and amazement to the City Nangesaque and especially to the Christians because Kauwaytsdo was a stern and high-spirited Person and the rather because heretofore Nangesaque had always been Govern'd by ordinary Merchants who by the Command of the Emperor had their Residence there to the end they might buy all things necessary that the Imperial Court requir'd Whereas the Japan Nobles are so exceeding proud and high-minded that they look upon all Tradesmen as Dogs which made every one stand in fear of Kauwaytsdo the New Governor Begins instantly to murder the Christians Anno 1626. in June he came to keep his Court at Nangesaque The second day after his arrival he commanded fifty three Stakes to be drove into the Ground and according to the custom to place Piles of Wood round about them The next day after were led thither the Japan Bishop Franciscus Parquero Balthazar de Torres who had lain a whole Year hid in a Cave under the Floor of a House Baptista Sola Overseer of the Jesuits Cloyster at Arima besides five Japanners which had lodg'd the Priests and as many Portuguese namely Albemen Josse and his Son of fourteen Years old Diego de Costa Johan de Costa and Balthazar de Solse the last two being Pilots The Portuguese became Apostates embracing the Heathen Religion but the rest remain'd constant After that five Men and three Women more were burnt because they had also entertain'd the Priests in their Houses One of the Women saw first her Child of six years old Beheaded Finds out a cunning way to make them apostatize from the Christian Faith But Kauwaytsdo found more Work in this his Murder than he expected for he saw that he must destroy at least a thousand more before he could root the Christian Religion out of Nangesaque Therefore he bethought himself of another way Forcing the Christians to declare by Oath what they were worth and what Moneys they had out either in the Hands of Portuguese Japanners Chineses or their own Servants whether upon Interest or otherwise all which he kept and seiz'd upon for his own use Besides thus depriving them of their Estates he threatned them also with intolerable Tortures and a horrible Death if they continu'd to persist in the Romish Belief But if they would Apostatize they should reap great Benefit Which indeed those that did immediately receiv'd for Kauwaytsdo gave them the Houses and Estates of those that were burnt and also forc'd the Chineses which come yearly with above sixty Vessels to an Anchor before Nangesaque to Lodge in their Houses for which they should pay them Ten in the Hundred of whatever Commodities they sold by which means many poor People on a sudden rais'd themselves to considerable Estates Moreover the Portuguese Merchants might neither lodge with the Christians nor drive any Trade with them Many embrace the Japan Doctrine again In October Kauwaytsdo commanded all those that had Apostatiz'd from Christianity to come before him who being all cloth'd in rich Habies made above fifteen hundred He speaking to them very courteously promis'd to shew them more and greater Favors Cruelty us'd in Mongy ¶ MEan while the heat of Persecution in several Places increas'd A Mile from Nangesaque stands a Village nam'd Mongy belonging to Bongemendo Governor of Arima where seven Men and five Women were put to death Being brought before the Executioners they were first Stigmatiz'd with hot Irons in the Foreheads and immediately after demanded If they would renounce the Christian Religion Which refusing they were again burnt on both Cheeks But still remaining constant they were stripp'd of their Apparel and their Legs and Arms stretch'd abroad with great Scourges so outragiously beaten that they lay a considerable time for dead Then being ask'd anew If they would not change their Opinions which they deny'd with detestations of the Japan Idolatries whereupon the Executioners began their Tortures afresh burning their Privities and other tender parts of the Body with glowing Irons and cutting off their Fingers and Toes It seems a matter worthy no small admiration that a Child of six Years old being amongst these twelve Martyrs endur'd all the foremention'd Tortures with inexpressible Courage Thus punish'd they were cast into Prison Mean while the number of the discover'd Christians amounted to one and forty which all patiently endur'd the foremention'd Afflictions insomuch that at last the Executioners seem'd to be more wearied and tir'd than the Sufferers of which seventeen having large and heavy Stones ty'd about their Middles were carry'd a good distance into the Offin and there thrown over-board amongst which number was a Man and his Wife and three Children the one seventeen the other thirteen and the youngest six years old who being terrifi'd with such strange Preparations began to cry when the Executioners laid hold of him to tye the Stones about his Waste whereupon they asking the Parents if they would have the Child to live and they replying No it was drown'd with the rest Japan Children very hardy enduring the greatest Tortures ¶ IT is very common in Japan to put to death or destroy Children for their Parents Offences Yet the Parents have an unlimited Power over their Children of either Life or Death and it is at their choice to let them live or cause them to suffer with them But there was scarce a Japan Child that went not willingly to encounter Death and endur'd their Tortures with exceeding Courage In the City Usacca two Youths the one ten and the other five years old voluntarily died with their Father Alexius Morifoibioye and a Sister being an Infant of four days old was Decollated On the Island Necaie a whole Noble Family were all condemn'd to the Slaughter amongst which several Children Japanners have little knowledge of the Christian Religion These Examples manifest sufficiently that the Japanners are not only of Noble Hearts but constant Resolutions enduring the greatest Tortures in their Infancy with inexpressible Valour for a Religion the first beginning whereof they scarce understood For besides reading the Pater Noster Ave Maria and some Prayers to the Saints they have little or no knowledge of either the Old or New Testament Therefore we may judge the Japan Martyrs to be very Zealous and Constant Far more holy were the Sufferings of these Infants if they had understood the Grounds of the Christian Faith than the Child which Romanus being tortur'd in Antioch by Asclepiades call'd from amongst the Multitude of Spectators Anno

their Lives are worth How the Japanners deal with them So soon as they have dropp'd Anchor before Nangesaque they must again discharge their Guns strike their Flags and untie their Boats which driving away the Fishermen lighting upon them make use thereof till such time as the Ships are again ready to set Sail. Moreover two Japan Skiffs with two Soldiers in each of them are order'd to lie one at the Stern and the other at the Head of the Ship who keep Watch there day and night never so much as entring into the Vessel except in stormy Weather The next day after the Vessel comes into the Haven of Nangesaque the Bonjoisen goes aboard who sits down on a rich Carpet brought over for that purpose from Batavia then enquiring after the whole Cargo they rip open Packs Bags and Chests at their pleasure for the performing of which Offices they use Servants call'd The Companies Porters not one Netherlander daring any ways offer to touch the Goods nor bear the least Command in the Ship the Captain and Merchant of the Vessel being forc'd to stand and look on all things with patience a Japan Seaman bearing the chief Command The foremention'd Porters receive for their daily Labor ten Styvers for which they work from Sun-rising till it sets again behind the Hills of Nangesaque These People carry a little Board on their Sides with the East-India Companies Arms carv'd thereon Every one of them receives a Ticket from the Bonjois sign'd with Japan Characters which they shew to the Watch at the Gate through which they go to the Netherlanders Store-house The foremention'd Ticket serves them also as a Priviledge to unlade the Dutch Merchandize and other Materials yet a Netherland Commander hath the Liberty from the Bonjois to chuse one whom he will have to work on such a day They chiefly observe when they are unlading a Vessel if they can find any Crosses or other Church-Ornaments us'd by the Catholicks for if they find the least of them the Dutch not onely lose their Ship and Goods but their Lives also They likewise make strict Search for Dutch Money and Books therefore when they draw near Japan Insupportable Pride of the Japanners every one puts up his Money and Books and marking and sealing it with their own Names deliver it up to the Captain who putting it all together into a Barrel seals it up When they have unladen the Ship of all the Merchandize then the Japanners search their Guns to see if they be not charg'd and weigh the Anchors that nothing of any Privacy be ty'd to them and carry all their Match Powder Muskets Pistols Pikes Hangers and all other Ammunition ashore with the Barrel of Money and Books the Hollanders not once daring to ask whither it goes Seal up the Hatches The Hatches are also seal'd with the Emperors Arms on a Paper made fast upon a Straw Knot in such a nature that no Netherlander is able to untie it Over the Seal they nail a square Cover made of Boards that none may accidentally tread on the Emperors Seal When the Ship is ready to depart the Seals which are on every Hatch are taken off and the Straw Button shewn to a Bonjois to see if the Seal be not broke If the Steward of the Ship hath occasion for Water Wood or any other Necessaries he makes a sign whereupon an Interpreter who hath twelve Guilders a Month and his Diet allow'd him in the Netherlander Store-house on the Isle Disma before Nangesaque comes aboard asking what they want and receiving answer he goes to one of the Ports in the Stern of the Ship and lying on his Knees with his Head against the Boat without seeing those that are in it he desires that which the Ships Crue want and having deliver'd his Message the two Watchmen send the Interpreter to the Governor of Nangesaque who immediately gives order for a Boat to bring them Water and other Necessaries Formerly the Japanners us'd to take off the Rudder from the Ship but of late they have left that Custom When the Netherlanders Goods are brought into the Store-house they are receiv'd by a Bonjois with the foremention'd Tickets The manner Trade betwixt the Netherlanders and Japanners In October are their Days of Sale when a Catalogue of the Goods that are brought over is set up in all places of Nangesaque These Market-days they proclaim by going up and down and beating on Kettles and Basons at which noise great numbers come flocking together ¶ BUt to return On the Day of Sale the Packs are cut open on the Monday all the Goods may be seen the Store-house of the East-India Company being then open'd What Merchandize they barter and in Silver Vessels are plac'd Deer-skins and Buff-skins all manner of Cotton Cloth the finer the better Quicksilver Scarlet Cloth Speckled-wood all manner of Drugs Brimstone Ambergreece Musk Toquin-pelings and divers other Merchandizes The foremention'd Dishes are plac'd on a Counter Where and how shewn standing in the Gallery which goes quite through the Netherland Store-house on the Island Disma This Ware-house hath three hundred convenient Rooms to hold Goods standing all next the Ground which are seal'd up every Night with the Emperors Arms in the presence of a Japan Burgomaster who during the time of Trade diets with the Agent for the Netherland East-India Company and is serv'd with Silver Vessels by Japanners The Japanners who are imploy'd in this Business being three hundred are paid by the Netherlanders Description of the Gallery before Nangesaque The foremention'd Gallery being square is twelve Foot high resting on turn'd Pillars of Speckled-wood a pair of broad Stairs leading up to it and at the end thereof a Hatch the Floor of the Gallery cover'd with Tapestry Round about the Table on which the Goods are to be seen stand Stools of Speckled-wood with Cushions of Silk on which the East-India Companies Arms are Embroyder'd Before the Japan-Merchants go to sit down by this Table they pull off their Shoes that they may not soil the Tapestry with Dirt. This Table stands in the middle of the Gallery When the several Merchandizes have been view'd on the Monday they Contract for them the next day on the Wednesday the Goods are deliver'd and weigh'd in the Emperors Scale on Thursday the Water-gate of the Netherlanders Store-house is open'd before which above a hundred Barques lye daily to lade and unlade on the Sunday the Japanners rest as well as the Christians This Trade lasts a whole Month during which time it is just like a Fair on the Island Disma the Japanners making Booths of Sail-Cloths What the Japanners bring to sell wherein they sell Camphire and Camphire-wood Japan-Cabinets and Coats China-Roots Porcelane and all manner of rough and wrought Silver When the appointed time of Trade is expir'd the Ships must immediately stand off to Sea notwithstanding great part of their Goods lye on

solely upon their Friendship Shew them the Inventory of the Presents sent to the Emperor with Intreaties to find a means to convey them to him proffer the Governor of Nangesaque some of them If you should be ask'd at Nangesaque or in the Emperors Court or elsewhere In whose Name you perform this Embassy What Authority and Power the East-India Company hath What their Employment If they have the Government in their own Hands If the Presents came from the Netherlands or from Batavia If they are onely sent to the Emperor or also to his Councel Give them a short Answer to all their Questions As for example The East-India Company consists of the Eminentest Persons of the several Cities in the United Netherlands Drive a vast Trade through all the World with the great Stocks that are laid up by the Company They keep not one constant Government but change sometimes Add here That you were sent thither by the said Company to officiate in that Embassy and to give the Presents made in the Netherlands to the Emperor besides several Pieces of Cloth that were to be given to the Japan Lords according as the Governor on the Island Disma shall judge what every one likes best When you speak use but few Words when with silence you cannot give satisfaction for otherwise Silence is no where so great a Vertue as in the presence of the Japan Lords Present those Lords high that use to give Gifts to the East-India Company though you give away all the European Clothes Concerning the Peace concluded between the United Netherlands Spain and Portugal which they very much fear'd would be ill Resented by the Japan Emperor the Spaniards and the Portuguese being his mortal Enemies You may tell them That according co the Relation spread some time since in Japan all Christendom being tyr'd out with a long War were now inclin'd to Peace so that France and Spain had made a League of Amity with the Emperor of Germany in which League were included Denmark Poland and Italy onely France and Portugal were at Wars against Spain yet so that two Mediators were chosen for the deciding of the Differences which without peradventure would be done in a short time having already by woful experience tasted the Cruelty of a long War whilst the Turk a sworn Enemy to all Christians had made himself Master of several Fortresses Cities and Territories The Peace which the Christians make amongst themselves is onely to joyn their divided Forces and so United ingage the Turks Army which constantly lies on the Christians Borders The remaining Orders which Blockhoffe was to observe were these You must well consider of your Words before you speak them and excuse your self that being a Merchant you cannot give any great account concerning State-Affairs The Japanners are subtle enough to know that you do not come thither to give them an account of the Netherlanders Government in which Relation some sought to gain Praise but indeed had like to have spoil'd the business of the East-India Company by it for indeed the Japanners despise a Common-wealth and esteem no Government but sole Monarchy When you are invited to Dinner to any Noble-man be sparing in Drinking and also of your Words speak little when with silence you cannot give satisfaction onely the returning of Thanks for good Entertainment or Benefits receiv'd repeat six or seven times over Keep no Feasts because the Conversation with Japanners is dangerous yet if any Person of Quality hath a mind to Netherland-Meat and desires to Eat thereof refuse him not but provide all things fit for his Entertainment without sparing of Cost and then go you and sit at the lower end of the Table and thank your Guest for the Honor he hath done you by his Company But to Citizens and Merchants observe your Authority as beseems your Office follow the Advice of the Interpreters which continually bear you company and tell you how you must converse with Persons of Quality and the rather because the Interpreters are Politick-men on which you may depend and because their own welfare consists upon the good Estate of the East-India Company What Feast the Ambassador must prepate for the Japan Lords In the Interim when you are return'd from Jedo to Nangesaque and the Presents accepted by all Persons then prepare a stately Dinner for the prime Japan Commanders there you must on your Return at Jedo Miaco or Osacca furnish your self with Wine Salmon Habberdine Carps done in Rice and a Crane although he cost seventy Tail every Tail is an English Crown all which Meats must be well Salted and Dress'd after the Japan manner of which the Interpreters take great care So soon as you Land at Nangesaque you shall bespeak for your self and every one of your Retinue three pair of Buskins and six Pair of thin Shoes of Drefs'd Buck-Skin to use in your going and coming from Court for the Japanners lay costly Mats on their Floors which never are trode upon with Shooes Boots and Spurs are not us'd in Japan Your self shall wear no Weapon but your People must every one wear a Silver-Hilted Rapier which they are carefully to preserve from Dirt and Rain that the beauty thereof may not be gone when your People Wait in the Emperors Hall whilst you are admitted to private Conference with the Emperor In Osacca furnish your self with Umbrello's made of Yarn every couple of your Retinue must have one of them but each an Oyl'd Paper Cloak against the Rain which in dry Weather are laid in Woodden Chests You shall likewise buy in Osacca as many Wax'd Lethern-Portmanteaus as your Goods require The Blankets Cushions and Quilts are in the day time Pack'd up and carry'd on Horses but at Nights spread on a Floor in your Inn to Sleep upon From the Accounts kept by those that Travel yearly to the Emperor you may guess what you have to pay for the Meat which you have in your Inn namely to give them twenty Guilders when they ask ten and a hundred when fifty Moreover Peter Blockhoffe shall have the upper hand of all the Japan Governors on Disma and next the Merchants Dirk Snock Anthony Brockhurst and Andrew Frisius shall keep their places according to their old Custom but Blockhoffe is not to concern himself with the Trade though it be requested from him by the Japanners for he may excuse himself that he comes onely to officiate an Embassy to the Emperor The usual Presents must be double-divided because last year by an accident they were not parted Before you go from Nangesaque to Jedo desire the Governors there to give you Letters of Recommendation to Sicungodonne which when you give him shew him the same Request as you did the Magistrates at Nangesaque and humbly desire him that he would be pleas'd to direct you how in what manner and to whom the Presents must be given Tell him that his Name is famous in all the Netherlands for his

before the Store-house Planted after the Dutch manner and chiefly in the strange European Commodities and also in the Presents which were to be sent to the Emperor Indiik thought to entertain him with Preserv'd Persian Fruits Brandy and Tent but he neither tasting the one nor the other took his leave and departed A sad accident at Nangesaque ¶ SOon after Ficojemon met with some trouble by means of a Citizens Daughter who hang'd her self in the Night in Nangesaque He made strict Inquiry after the Reason that provok'd her thereto which at last he discover'd to this effect A Chinese Commander of a Ship being enamour'd of the Maid had upon great Promises and by the assistance of a Japanner crop'd her Virgin-Flower which she afterwards seriously considering with her self and fearing that if she should be with Child then her Crime would be publickly known and bring her into utter disgrace to prevent the same she laid violent Hands on her self But the Criminals being taken and put in Prison ran great danger of their Lives yet at last by many Intreaties a milder Sentence pass'd on both the Chinese being for ever banish'd from Japan and the Japanner to the Islands Goto and his Goods seiz'd upon by the Law were most part of them given to the Parents of the foremention'd Maid Jeffiesamma's cruelty ¶ NOt long after this Accident Joffiesamma shew'd the People a Pattern of his Cruelty by cutting asunder two of his Servants for a small Offence the one thirteen and the other fifteen years old A Fire in Nangesaque The Night after hapned a Fire Nangesaque which in four of the eminent'st Streets consum'd a hundred Houses which undid many great Merchants for they putting all their Goods in the Stone Store-houses judging them to be very safe they were all burnt ¶ THe nine and twentieth of November Nangesaque was also shaken by an Earthquake which sometimes seeming to abate soon after made the whole Town tremble which was chiefly on the third of January in the following year when this Trepidation threatned no small danger in the night The Joynts of the houses beginning to gape the Timber and Walls tumbling down which occasion'd a general out-cry in the City yet with the day-break the noise and Earthquake ceased but the whole City was in a hurry occasion'd by five and twenty Roman Christians Cruelty us'd to Roman Christians that after intolerable Tortures yet remain'd constant in their Religions and were now going to be led out of Nangesaque there to be hung with their Feet upwards and their Heads flea'd downwards so to die a lingering death when they had hung a day and a night in that miserable manner two of them desir'd that they might appear before the Magistrates of the City of Nangesaque who thereupon coming to the place of Audience heard that they were not able any longer to endure the unsupportable torture but were ready to renounce their Christianity and imbrace the Japanners Doctrine on which promise How the Japanners deny Christianity being let loose they spat at a Woodden Cross then stamp'd upon the Picture of our Saviour Christ and the Virgin Mary to the great grief of their Brother Sufferers which refus'd to be releas'd on these terms but pittifully crying said Surely we shall soon depart out of this Wretched World and go to Paradise where we shall be out of the Power of the Japan Tyrants and enjoy Everlasting Beatitude Seventy four Christians beheaded And when these foremention'd had hung seven days in that manner with their Heads downwards there were seventy four more new discover'd Christians brought thither which were all to be Beheaded these cry'd as loud as their faintness would permit them Remain stedfast in the Christian Faith we shall e're long meet in Heaven The seventy four amongst which were not onely Women and Children but also sucking Babes were altogether Beheaded their Heads set on Iron Pins and their Bodies thrown in a deep pit Indiik being an Eye-witness admir'd at their Constancy and the more because the Martyr'd Japanners had so little knowledge of the Christian Religion but the Netherland Interpreters inform'd him that several of them gave themselves out to be Christians Why they suffer themselves to be Executed that with their Wives and Children which for want of Provisions and chiefly Rice they were not able to maintain they might die together and so be rid of the Miseries of this World Freezes hard in Japan ¶ THe fourth fifth and sixth of February it Froze so hard that the Ice would bear the weight of three Men. Moreover Fire at Miaco News came to Nangesaque that the fourteenth and fifteenth day of the same Moneth a Fire happen'd in Miaco which consum'd not onely seventy Streets to Ashes but also the Dayro's stately Palace N●●rlyckhydt 〈◊〉 The Lordship ONNAYS The Town Coyo In this part of Japan the Town Coyo Consecrated to a Bonzi call'd Conbodaxi is very famous being held for the Burying-place of the Prince of Bungo or if they chance to be Interr'd elsewhere there must at least a Tooth of theirs be found at Coyo Indiik's Voyage ¶ BUt Indiik Sailing from Cokero to Simonisicci he found the Barque there which he had sent before thorow the Corean Ocean with his Goods So going Aboard on the seventh of March in the Haven of Simonisicci in seven days he arriv'd in Osacca The Hollanders Landlord Icubia Serojemon and the Interpreters made Indiik's arrival known to the two Governors before which he appear'd and brought Presents the next day which by both were kindly accepted And Indiik provided with Horses His Journey by Land to Jedo came thorow Firaskatta Jonda and Fissima to Miaco where the old Host Koffe Sabrojemon carry'd immediate News thereof to the Grand Judge Mackino Sandosamma which that Evening permitted him Audience kindly accepted the Presents and gave him a new Letter of Conduct wherefore he neglected no time but went on his Journey and Lodg'd afterwards in Cusatz and next in Sacca and forcing over from Quano he got late at night to Mia where he rested Moreover he found the House for the Hollanders Entertainment in Occosacci Lock'd and Guarded because the Master thereof being fall'n out with his Neighbors was in danger to be slain by them Leaving this Town he Lodg'd in the Village Accosacci Ferry'd over the Bay between Arei and the Village Meisacca and was forc'd by reason of the great Showres of Rain to stay in Fannama he design'd to Lodge the next night in Caneia but finding the usual Inn there Guarded notwithstanding it was almost dark and Rain'd hard he went on and Ferrying over the River Oyengauwa refresh'd in Simanda At Merico he was again forc'd to pass by the old Inn no body being at home the Master thereof being gone to Surunga there to release his Son who was committed to Prison for fighting with one of the Villagers Arrives