their Church and Cause is meritorious of Salvation II. By the Passive Conformist I mean both such as go on the grounds of Mr. Sprint and think a Reformation very desirable but Conformity lawful to escape silencing and ruine and such as like Conformity for it self and wish all others did Conform but like not uncharitable censures or silencings or violence against conscionable Dissenters nor the compulsions which have caused our Church-convulsions Though the Nonconformists must needs judge these to partake in Schism so far as they own the Schismatical dividing terms of Communion which are the greatest hinderance of our Concord and will be still inconsistent with it yet as they reproach not Dissenters as Schismaticks so neither are they accounted Schismaticks by the Dissenters because they are sound and peaceable brethren and desire to live as such with others and Schism is not their disposition nor predominant We would live in greater Love and Concord with such as these than the differing Conformists have with one another III. The names of Sectaries and Separatists are of no fixed signification but vary according to the mind of the speaker But I now use them for those 1. Who appropriate the Church to some narrow Sect or Party which denieth all others to be true Churches or to have true Ministers and Sacraments 2. And next to those that though they own others as true Churches or Ministers yet hold their Communion unlawful when it is not so and renounce Communion with them on these grounds Such besides Papists are too many Prelatists that deny the Ministry Sacraments and Communion of the Reformed Churches which are not such as they yea of all Churches that have not an Episcopacy by uninterrupted Succession of Episcopal Ordination from the Apostles and that excommunicate all that do but say that there are any true Churches in England but their own And such are some Anabaptists some called Brownists or Separatists heretofore c. And the Seekers are much worse that deny all Churches and the Quakers and Ranters who revile the soundest and all true Hereticks who separate by denying some Essential of Christianity All these are Schismaticks in the judgment of all sound and sober Christians IV. By Active Canonical Conformists I mean those that are for the present frame of Ecclesiastical Government with the Liturgy and Canons and the Laws which enforce them who call usually for the Execution of those Laws V. By the meer present Nonconformists I mean such as are guilty of no other punishable errors or sins but such as the Act of Uniformity doth eject and silence us for and who declared openly their judgments about Doctrine Worship and Discipline in 1660 after a Common meeting at Sion-Colledge and another at the Savoy which is published in Print That is the Reconcilers or Peacemakers who then laboured and beg'd for Peace and Unity in vain who tye themselves to the judgment of none called Nonconformists heretofore Presbyterians Independents c. but to the Word of God and the example of the true Primitive Churches and are not for Concord only with a Sect or a dividing-party High or Low but for that Catholick Church and Communion of Saints which are in our Creed Schism being a culpable rending of Christians from each other hath a great number of degrees as it is by Apostasie from the Universal Church totally or by denying a fundamental by Heresie or as it is but by denying Integrals or but Accidents as it is but from a particular Church a Church of Gods forming or of mans As it is from a Church as if it were no Church or a corrupt Church falsly said or only a less desirable as it is from a Parish-Church a Diocesan a National c. As it is total or partial or but in some accidents from that particular Church holding Communion in all the rest As it is mental or but causeless local As it is from a Church or only from some persons in a Church-Pastor or others As it is by driving men by sinful Impositions from a Church or too easie departing with many the like differences elsewhere opened So that as all men have some degree of ignorance pride hypocrisie c. and yet are not to be denominated ignorant proud hypocrites where it is not predominant so all are defective in Love and Union and few Churches on earth are no way guilty of Schism and yet are not to be called Schismaticks where it is not predominant Almost all Churches on earth accuse each other of Schism the Papists so accuse the Greeks Protestants and all others the Greeks so accuse the Papists and Protestants as the Patriarch Jeremiah shews us and both the Abassines Jacobins Nestorians c. The Lutherans so call the Calvinists and they many Lutherans the Episcopal Presbyterians and Independents so accuse each other Sober and peaceable men must confess that most are guilty of some degree Laying by the rest our Question now is of Two Parties here the Canoneer Diocesan Conformists and the Present meer Conformists which are the ENGLISH SCHISMATICKS CHAP. II. The Case of the Diocesan-Canoneers or Zealots for Imposition of Conformity 1. THey agree not of the Essentiating Head of their own National Church whether it be Lay or Clergy King or Bishops and so are indeed of divers Churches no nor whether it have any constitutive Head or none 2. Some hold Bishops necessary to the Being of a Church and some only to the well-being of it and so agree not neither what a particular Church is 3. The former unchurch the Parish-Churches and make them only parts of a proper Church the Diocesan being the lowest in a politick sense 4. They make the Parish-Priests but half Priests or Pastors denying them the Power of the Keys over their flock save in a little part 5. These deny the Reformed Churches which have no Bishops to be true proper Churches and their Ministration and Sacraments to be valid But others of them hold the contrary and so differ in their Communion with the Protestant Churches 6. Some of them say that none are true Ministers of Christ that have not Episcopal Ordination by uninterrupted succession from the Apostles And that their flocks have no title to Salvation because they have it not by Gods Covenant sealed by such a Ministry of the Sacraments 7. They hold twice Ordination sinful and yet Re-ordain those who were ordained by meer Presbyters or Rectors of Parish City Churches 8. Some Leaders grant that there were no Subject-Presbyters in Scripture times nor Bishops that had more than one stated Assembly and Altar which others are against 9. They agree not of the sense of the words Presbyter and Bishops in the Scripture 10. Some of them reproach the Reformation of other Churches as the Papists do as the effect of fury and rebellion and seek to render it odious as a crime 11. Yea and the Reformation of England by K. H. 8. as the product of his filthy lust and
Mr. Dodwell hence draw dismal degrading and unchurching Consequences And yet thus they condemn both the English and Roman and Universal Church If Church-power be given by Inferiors the Independents are not to be confuted If from equals as Generation is as men generate men and Physicians make Physicians c. then Presbyters may make Presbyters If it must be by Superior Power then who maketh Archbishops in England or Popes at Rome who have no Superiors and so by them no authority So much for the Historical Characters of the Canonical Conformists But after all this we grant that there is some tye and union among them They all own Archbishops Bishops Deans and Chapters Archdeacons with an Et caetera the rest as the Canon speaketh They all agree to declare and subscribe the words imposed and promise or Covenant accordingly and swear Obedience to their Ordinaries E. g. Though such as Mr. Bull and Dr. Tully write against each other of Justification as by Faith or Works though many are very much against the Doctrine of Mr. Thorndike Mr. Parker Mr. Sherlock and such other yet they all subscribe the same Articles about Justification Free-will Predestination And I doubt not but there are very many not only Learned but Pious men among them who yet by strong prejudice and passion through education converse cross interests and unacquaintedness with Dissenters and the many scandals that have risen and the extremes which many have run into are possest with a conceit that the ruine imprisonment banishment or silencing of Nonconformists is necessary to the prosperity of their party called by them The Church And to do the Papists right they agree to be members of one Church and to be for the Dignities Wealth and Power of their Clergy and take the same Oaths and are under the same Canons c. though they differ about the Supremacy it self as between the Pope and the Prelates in General Councils and about swearing forswearing lying murder deposing and killing Kings fornication and many such as the Jansenists have opened at large All these differences they can bear with and the many different Sects of Fryers fitted to the several humours of men as long as they are for one Common society and interest And doubtless many of strict lives do think it a service to the Church and so to God to kill burn and destroy others that are against them as they do There is some one with what mind I know not that hath written a book called The Catholick Hierarchy pleading like an Independent against humane Impositions But in a Digression so diligently labouring to prove that the Diocesans Subordination of Churches will unavoidably infer a Pope or Universal Head that I take it to be a dangerous book while it stalleth the said Diocesans whether imprudently or fraudulently as a Prevaricator I know not he saith more for a Pope without any antidote than is ordinarily to be elsewhere found and then most heads are able to answer though the main conclusion is fully confuted in my last book against Johnson alias Terret the Papist CHAP. III. The Meer Nonconformist 1. BY the present Meer Nonconformists we mean those that 1660 by the Kings Concession made their proposals for Reformation and Concord and as are of the Judgment then by them professed I meddle not with others unknown 2. Their profest Religion is Meer Christianity essentially contained in the Sacramental Covenant explained in the Creed Lords-prayer and Decalogue and integrally in the sacred Scripture 3. Yet as Christians are accidentally called Protestants because they renounce Popery so we are Catholicks as renouncing all Schismatical Sects and Nonconformists because we dare not Conform to all that is imposed on us 4. We hold that all Christians should Love each other as themselves and do them all the good they can and no hurt 5. We hold that all baptized in Infancy should solemnly at age renew and own that Covenant as adult members 6. And that all that do so not nullifying their profession by inconsistent heresie or sin should be received in Communion 7. That such as renew it not or are proved to forsake it or heinously sin against it should be reproved and after sufficient admonition if impenitent be declared unfit for Church-Communion and accordingly avoided 8. That God hath appointed that there be stated Assemblies of Christians especially on the Lords-days where he shall be worshipped Men instructed and Communion exercised 9. That these Congregations should have known stated Pastors to be their Teachers and Guides in worship and holy living 10. That these Pastors by Office have the power of the Church-keys to judge whom to take in by Baptism and whom to admonish as Criminal to reject as impenitent and to absolve and receive again as penitent in their proper charge 11. That Baptism and the Eucharist being a Gift of a sealed pardon and of Christ and life no unbelieving nor unwilling person is capable of them Therefore none but believing Consenters or Volunteers and their Infants should be baptized and Volunteers only admitted to the Lords-Supper 12. And though Magistrates should promote the sacred Work and Rule the Churches and keep peace and order by the Sword and see that all have competent Teachers and hinder the intollerable yet may they not invade the Pastors office or peoples right nor force men to trust their Souls to the Pastoral Care of unable or untrusty men nor hinder them from chusing better for themselves any more than they may confine them to untrusty Physicians Servants or Wives 13. That because the Pastoral Office cannot be exercised either by or on the unwilling mutual consent is necessary to the Relation of Pastor and Flock 14. That it is part of the Pastors Office to word his own Sermons and Prayers But yet if to avoid discord or errour some common forms be agreed on not overthrowing the Pastors office they may be fitly used till by accident they do more hurt than good 15. The Laws of Magistrates Circa Sacra and the consent and custom of Churches should not in lawful things be crossed by humorous dividing Singularity 16. No one Liturgy was imposed on any National Church or any Patriarchate for many hundred years after the Apostles days yea and after Constantine But every Bishop or Pastor was the chuser of his Words and Practice 17. Christians should all live in Love and walk peaceably by the Divine Scripture-Rule so far as they have attained so waiting for increase of grace 18. We must receive the weak in the faith and such as differ tolerably from us even as Christ receiveth us and no Christian should be excommunicated but for impenitency in sins subverting faith or holy living 19. Nor must Christs Ministers be forbid to preach the Gospel because of tollerable differences 20. And those that through differences and scruples cannot comfortably worship God under one Pastor or in the Words or Ceremonies of one Church should have leave to do it in
another keeping sound Doctrine Love and Peace 21. The number and need of the people must determine whether a particular Church shall have one Pastor or more 22. If one for Concord be President to the rest and the Senior Pastors be guides to the younger we are not against it 23. Nor yet if the Magistrate or Churches by consent appoint some of the Graver to be visitors of many Churches and to instruct and keep the younger in peace 24. Nor will we quarrel against the Names of Bishops or Archbishops or their Wealth and Honour while Faith Worship Discipline and Love are preserved 25. If by a National Church they mean either a Christian Kingdom or all the Churches of a Nation as under one Prince or as associated for Concord we deny none such 26. For we hold that all Christians should live in as much Concord as they can and that Synods are useful to that end 27. We must honour our Rulers though they afflict us 28. We hold that we must separate from no Church or Christian farther than they separate from Christ though we must not sin against God for communion with any We take it for a great sin for any party to appropriate the Church only to themselves We own no Church but as part of the Catholick or universal Church and we hold all our Assemblies as in union and communion with All the true Churches on earth and put up our prayers and praises as in conjunction with theirs not owning their failings or our own but their duties And we will be members of no particular Church which alloweth us not occasional Communion with others but take such for Sectaries 29. The welfare of Souls is of so great concernment that we cannot think any Christian should be indifferent to whom as a Pastor he committeth the care and conduct of his Soul any more than what Physician he chuseth for his body And the difference between the ignorant and the wise and wicked and the godly the negligent and the faithful is of grand importance 30. We think that all Christians should prefer a faithful Pastor before an unfaithful or insufficient one and a purer Church before a more corrupt as far as they are free without doing more hurt than good But we will hold occasional communion with more faulty Churches so they compel us not to sin 31. We take not all the faults of the Pastor flock or service to be made ours meerly by our presence Nor do we think that all faults or many and great ones consistent with the necessaries to communion will allow us to separate that is either from a true Church as none or from lawful communion as unlawful For Natural distance is not Moral Separation 32. We take the Magisterial imposing of unnecessary Oaths Professions Subscriptions Practices much more sinful ones as necessary terms of communion and silencing and casting out Christs faithful Servants that obey them not to be the grand and common causes of Schism which have through the pride of a Domineering-Clergy broken most of the Churches on Earth for above 1000 years 33. We hate the spirit of pride and envy in Preachers who cannot endure to see others at least that differ from them preferred before them and if any do but go from them to others or worship God in another place or in other words or circumstances do frighten the people by their loud allarm and cry of Schism as if all were of a different Religion or species of Communion that differ from their book in Word or Ceremonies And by that blinding name of Different Communions alienate the hearts of the ignorant and make them think of the Dutch French and others that only differ from them in accidents as the Papists do of us that are called by them Hereticks 34. We take him not to have the Wisdom and Love of a sound Christian who cannot love and bear with his fellow Christians who differ but in such tollerable things 35. Yet we think not that all should preach and gather Churches that will and that the intollerable must be tolerated and that it must be All or none And the Magistrate is Judg whom he will tolerate but he must judg aright 36. We hold the Parish-Divisions to be of great convenience Not taking all in the Parish for the Church but confining Ministers to their proper bounds 37. And whatever differing Churches the Magistrate tolerateth he must force them to live peaceably and modestly towards others 38. Were every Church reduced to such a number as that all might in season have local personal communion like great Parishes that have Chappels and E. g. every Church of 6000 Souls have six Pastors conjunct or every Corporation or Market-Town of old called Cities with the Neighbour-Villages be one Church and one among these Pastors to be a President Bishop we should think it most like the ancient Government But we can live in peace where we cannot have all which we justly wish for 39. Though some preach not Christ sincerely but in envy and strife to add to our affliction we rejoyce that Christ is preached 40. We hold all that for the power of Kings the obedience of the Subjects and against rebellion which the Scripture speaketh and which the Christian Churches Politicks Lawyers as far as we know them commonly hold and more than divers chief Conformists Bishop Bilsons book of Subjection and Grotius de Imperio Sum. Pat. fulliest speak my thoughts in the greatest part 41. As these are the meer Nonconformists principles so their practice is accordingly They pray for the King and all in authority not for preserment but that we may live a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty And they pray and seek for the publick safety and live peaceably towards others 42. They sought reconciliation with the Diocesans before the Kings return and associating upon uniting terms 43. What the Nonconformists in City Countrey Monks Army and the next Parliament did for the Kings restoration is known 44. They offered but Bishop Ushers form of Primitive Government or Episcopacy for reconciliation and concord with the Bishops 45. They gave publick thanks for the Kings Declaration about Ecclesiastical affairs which had healed us had it not been cast away In which he declareth their moderation 46. They never made one motion for Presbytery Lay-Elders Independency Nor against Parish-Churches nor against the Bishops Lordships or place in Parliament or Wealth Though I confess they desired better than they saw fit to ask 47. They did as much with the Bishops as if it had been for their lives by Condescention Reason and Petition to have prevented the foreseen divisions and were the seekers of Peace 48. The Liturgy which they offered had not one word of exception returned by the Bishops nor were their Reply or Petition answered by them to this day 49. They offered their solemnest Protestation or Oaths that it was to avoid sin that they refused Conformity and yet