done to his nation by the Brytayns who likewise were as readie to receyue battayle as the Scottes and Pictes were desirous to giue it so that bothe the armies encountring togither the Scottes and Pictes on the one side and the Brytayns on the other there ensued a sore conflict betwixte them continued with vnmercyfull slaughter till night parted them in sunder A doubtfull battayle No man as then able to iudge who had the better but either parte beyng priuie to their owne losses withdrew themselues further off from the place of the battell so that the Scottes and Pictes the same night gotte them into the mountaynes of Picte lande and the Brytons so soone as it was day made homewards with all speede towardes their countrey leauing no smal pray and bootie behind them which the Scottish men and Picts recouered coÌ„ming downe withall speede froÌ„ the mountaines when they once heard that their enimies were departed King Ewyn being returned from this iourney determined to passe the residue of his lyfe in reste and quietnesse appointyng iudges in euery parte of his Realme for the ministring of iustice and executing of the lawes according to the due forme and ordinance of the same He appointed also such as should watche for the apprehension of thieues and robbers by the high wayes assigning them liuings of the common treasorie to liue by And there be euen vnto this day that holde still such liuings though the office be worne out of vse and forgotten After this he buylded a castell not far distaunt from Berigonium whiche hee named after his owne name Euonium but afterwardes it was called Dounstafage Dounstafage is buylded whiche is as muche to say as Steuennes castell whiche name it beareth at this present Finally this Ewyn after he had raygned to the great weale of the Realme about xix yeares he departed this life leauing behinde him a sonne base begotten named Gillus who causing his fathers funerals to be executed with all solempne pompe and ceremonies raised vp soone after sundrie Obeliskes aboute his graue neare vnto Dounstafage where he was buried There were present also at the buriall twoo of Durstus his sonnes whome Ewyn in his life time had reuoked home out of Ireland where they were in exile Bothe these aswell the one as the other bicause they were twinnes and not knoweÌ„ whether of theÌ„ came first into the world looked to be king after Ewyn Their names were Dothan Dorgal And such malicious emulatioÌ„ and enuious spite rose betwixt the two brethren for the attayning of their purpose that greater could not be deuised The crafty working of Gillus whiche Gillus like a craftie subtill Foxe by couert meanes sought still to augment and in the end causing them to come togither for some conclusion of agreement at length when he had set them further at oddes than they were before he procured a number of Souldiers appoynted for the purpose to rayse a tumult as though it had bene in taking of contrary partes and there to slea them bothe Thus Gillus hauing brought to purpose that he came for Durstus twoo sonnes are slaine sheweth in countenaunce as though he had bene much offended therewith and done what he coulde to haue appeased the matter and herewith he commeth running foorth with a highe voyce declaring to his coÌ„panie that if he had not made good shifte for himselfe he had bene slaine by the handes of Dothan and Dorgall who fell into suche mischiefe themselues as they had prepared for other Herevpon also he required his friendes and seruaunts most earnestly to conuey him into some sure place where he might be out of dauÌ„ger and in better securitie in so much that many of those that hearde him giuing credite to his woordes went with him with all speede vnto Dounstafage where being receyued into the castell with diuers of the Nobles that followed him he gotte him into a galery and there making an inuectiue oration against the Sonnes of Durstus and touching by the way what perill might ensue to the common wealth by ciuill diuision he perswaded them to committe the rule vnto his handes vntill it mighte be certainely knowen vnto whom the same of right appertayned Those that were present perceyuing to what issue his paynted processe tended The Nobles through 〈◊〉 consented to creâ—â—â— Gillus king and doubting least if they shoulde seeme to stande against him at that instant in this his demaunde they might happely be the firste that shoulde repent the bargaine consented to proclayme him king whervpoÌ„ he required al such as were present to sweare to him fealtie and to do him homage according to the custome And herewith agreably as he had before promised and according to his fathers will as he alledged he distributed among them all suche cattell as belonged to his saide father Whereby he wanne the greater fauour of many but yet not iudging himselfe altogether in suretie by reason that Dothan had left behinde him three sonnes as then remayning in the Isle of Man in the bringing vp of the Druides Gillus goeth about to murther Dothaâ—â— sonnes also he purposed therefore to dispatche them also for the better assurance of his estate and therevpon made a iourney thither himselfe fayning as though he meant nothing but al loue and friendly affection towards the children by whiche meanes he gatâ—… twoo of them into his handes the one named Lismorus being about twelue yeeres of age and the other Cormacus that was twoo yeares yonger The yongest of the three named Ederus being aboute seuen yeares olde as his better happe was chaunced to be sicke at that time by reason wherof he escaped his hands Gillus feyning as though he wished to haue the other two brought vp like the children of a Prince he ledde them away with him into Scotland leauing certaine of his seruants behinde him to ridde Ederus the yongest out of the way at leysure and as for the other twaine the night following after his comming home to Dounstafage A detestable murther hee caused them to bee murthered euen in their Tutors armes whose ayde most pitifully they besought and required But the woman that had the keeping of Ederus now in his sicknesse prouided more warely for his sauegarde for shee smelling out what was the kings purpose Ederus escapeth in the dead of the night gotte hir selfe togither with Ederus into a ship and passed ouer into Argyle where being set a lande she caried him on hyr shoulders vp into the mountaines and there within a secrete denne susteyned his languishing life for certaine monethes in great care and misery Gillus notwithstanding these his cruel acts Gillus counterfeyteth a zeale to iustice shewed yet in outward apparaunce that no man was more desirous of the quiet state and prosperous successe of the common wealth than hee euer reasoning amongest his nobles and that in the presence of his coÌ„mons touching the maintenance of iustice and punishment of misdoâ—â—s whereas
his power as then did soiourne Where when both the campes were pitched and one lying not farre from the other at the first certaine light skirmishes were procured by both partes betwixt the light horsemen wherewith at length being the more prouoked to displeasure they come into the fielde with their whole maine battailes right fiercely encountering eche other The Albions and Saxons encounter in battaile so that as it appeared their force was not so great but their mortall hate was euen as much or rather more if the hystories say right Aurelius hasteth forth to London Aurelius Ambrose hauing thus got the vpper hande of his enimies hasteth forth with all speede vnto London where hauing both the Citie and tower deliuered into his handes hee recouered the whole Ilande from the possession of the Saxons and such of them as were apt men able to beare armor and to serue in the warres he coÌ„maunded to depart forth of the land The other that were minded to tarie behinde their fellowes that were thus forced to depart became subiectes to the Britains and couenanted to become christians Thus much haue I written touching Aurelius Ambrose according to the report of the Scottish wryters but more hereof ye may reade in the hystorie of Englande where ye shall finde this matter set forth more at large For y t which wee write here is but to shewe in what sort the Scottishe writers make relation of the warres which their nation had with the Saxons when they began first to set foote here in this lande To our pupose then In the meane time Aurelius hauing thus recouered the lande out of the Saxons hands and now remaining at London did all the honor he coulde ymagine both vnto Loth the Pictish king and also vnto Conranus generall of the Scottishe men acknowledging howe that by theyr ayde chiefly hee had got the vpper hande of his enimyes By support of Scottes and Pictes Aurelius confesseth â—…e got the hâ—…torie of the Saxons and so hee willed to haue it notified amongst his subiectes Hereto heâ—… caused the league to be renued betwixt the Scottes Pictes and Brytaynes the auncient ordinaunce for the Countreyes beyond Humber The league betwixt Scottes Pictes and Britains is renued beeing appointed to remayne vnto the Scottishe men and Pictes also that the Saxons shoulde bee reputed common enimyes to all the three Nations and that vpon inuasion made by any forraine power the Scottes Pictes and Brytanes should ayde one another as occasion serued This league beeing concluded with these articles of couenauntes was the more strongly confyrmed by reason of such affinitie and allyaunce as then also ensued For whereas Aurelius had two sisters the one named Anne and the other Ada virgins both Anne the daughter of Aurelius giuâ—â— in mariage vnâ—…to Loth king of Pictes Anne beeing the elder was gyuen in maryage vnto King Loth by whome certaine yeares after hee had issue two sonnes Mordred and Walwan or Galwan with a daughter named Thametes Ada beeing the yonger syster was maryed vnto Conranus Ada maried vnto CoÌ„ranus generall as is sayde of the Scottishe armye Howbeit she lyued not past two yeares after but dyed in trauayle of childe which also dyed wyth the mother And so ended the alyance of Aurelius and Conranus The Brytaynes beeing delyuered through the victorie and meanes afore rehearsed from the cruell handes of the Saxons enioyed ioyfull peace certaine yeares after but in the meane time dyuerse of those Saxons which were lycenced to remayne in Brytayne counterfeyting to become Christians vsed neuerthelesse to make sacryfice vnto Idolles according to the manner of the Gentyles whereof theyr Priestes beeing accused and condemned Diuers Saxons Idolaters are burned suffered death by fyre for that offence accordingly as the lawe dyd then appoynt them Whilest these things 〈…〉 Congâ—… 〈◊〉 the Scottes being worâ—◠〈◊〉 long 〈◊〉 The deuâ—â— of Congall departed this â—…e and was buried in the I le of Iona otherwise called Câ—â—kill with all kingâ—… pompe and accustomed ceremonies He raigned ouer the Scottishmen aâ—…ut xx yeares in great fame and glorie This Conranus otherwise also called by some Goranus being established king first tooke order that the sonnes of his brother Congall being within age shoulde be brought vp in the I le of Man vnder the gouernance of certainâ—… wyse instructors and scholemaisters to be trayned in learning and vertuous discipline according to an auncient ordenance thereof made and enacted Also doubting least peace and quietnesse nowe after long warres The earnest diligence of Conranus for maintenance of good orders amongst his subiects should minister matter to his people of raysing some commotion to the disturbance of all ciuill order and politike gouernment within his realme hee code as it had bene in circuite rounde about the same making inquirie of all maner offenders on whom he caused due punishment to be executed without respect eyther of kyth or kinne And amongst other enormities which he vnderstoode to be vsed in maner through al his couÌ„treys this as hee thought was most greeuous that the husbandmen and other commons of the Countrey being euil intreated and misused at the gentlemens handes durst not complaine nor procure any redresse by reason whereof when they were oppressed or suffered any manner of wrong or iniurie A goodly ordenance deuised by Conranus for reliefe of his commons they were without remedie to haue the same reformed he ordeyned therefore that the names of al such offenders with the maner of their offences shoulde bee secretly registred in a booke euerie yeare by certaine Inquisitours thereto chosen and appoynted and if it chaunced that those which were thus accused might afterwardes be founde guiltie before the kings Iustices by matter plainly proued agaynst them they shoulde then be sure to bee punished according to the measure of their offences This custome of accusations commonlye called moâ—…tements continueth euen vnto these our dayes Conranus himselfe as 〈◊〉 reported The king present at Assises vsed much to be present at Assyses and Sessions to see the laid as they 〈◊〉 either 〈◊〉 to passe the time in hunting within some Forteâ—â— or those â—…ere to the place where his Iustices 〈◊〉 Nowe whilest Conranus king of Scottes thus studiâ—… for the good gouernment of his people Aurelius Ambrose fell sicke of a consumption Aurelius Ambrose the king of Brytaine fell 〈◊〉 of a consumption whiche brought him to such weaâ—…nesse that all recouere of health in him was dispayred Occa and Pascentius return into Britaine whereof Occa and Pascentius soâ—…nes to Hengist beeing aduertised returned with a mightie power of Saxons into Brytain which as Hector Boetius sayth they named at that preâ—â— Engests land Vter the brother of Aurelius lay also the same time sore sicke of a flixe in the parties of Wales so that to auoyde dissention that was raysed among the Brytaynes about the appoynting of a generall to go agaynst the enimies
their coūtrey men there the other that could not make shift to get away were slain anon after by the English men that one of them was not to bee founde aliue within any of the English Dominions And such was the ende of the Pictes that fledde vnto the English men for succour In this meane tyme the Scottish king Donald being restored againe to his Countrey was receyued with more ioy and honour than hee had deserued in hope yet by this scourge of aduerse fortune that he woulde haue reformed his former abuses Neuerthelesse King Donald falleth to hys old vices againe he had not bin at home any long time but that he fell to his old vicious trade of life againe remouing from his companie suche honorable personages as wished the suretie of his estate with the aduācement of the cōmon welth to the reliefe and ease of his poore miserable subiects At length the nobles of the realm perceiuing the daunger that their countrey stoode in by reason of Donaldes insolent misorder vndiscrete rule and gouernment King Donalde is laid in prisō they found meanes to apprehend and commit him vnto safe keeping but the monstrous creature within a fewe dayes after he was thus put in ward He slaieth him selfe in prison 860. in great desperation slue himselfe in the sixt yeare after he began his infortunate raigne in the yeare of our saniour 860. The same yeare that the realme of Scotlande was brought vnto such miserable state by the puissant force of the English men and Brytains as aboue is rehearsed there were sundrie wonders heard of in the countrey A young babe giueth warning vnto hys mother as in Lothian a childe of one Moneth olde and a halfe admonished the mother to flie out of that countrey for it woulde come to passe that the enimies shoulde come and take that region out of the Scottish mens hands Beasts also as they were pasturing abrode in the fieldes there roaring after a straunge sort Beastes roaryng dyed sodenly dyed Fishes likewise in shape resembling the figure of man Fishes lyke in shape to men were founde deade in the sandes of the Scottish sea In Galloway there fell such abundance of Adders and Snakes out of the skie Adders snakes fell downe out of the sky that the ayre being corrupted with the sauour of them lying on the grounde both men and beastes dyed of certain diseases which they tooke through infection thereof Such as were accounted to be skilfull in diuination affyrmed that these things did signifie an infortunate raigne with an euill ende vnto king Donalde as afterwardes it happened The interpretation of the prodigious things who hauing made away himselfe in prison as before is expressed Constantine the sonne of king Kenneth was crowned king at Scone King Cōstantine Crowned in the Chayre of Marble there according to the maner as then vsed After his first entring into the estate he would gladly haue gone in hād with the warres against y e English mē He fain would recouer his predecessours losses to haue recouered out of their possessions those countreys which they had lately taken from the Scottes in his predecessors time but his counsell aduised him otherwise He was aduised otherwise by his counsel declaring that the estate of the common wealth was so decayed by the misgouernance of his sayde predecessour that till the same were refourmed and suche intestine discorde as through licencious libertie raigned amongst his subiects might be appeased and quieted there was no hope to atchieue anye worthie enterprise abrode agaynst forraine enimies Hereupon by theyr aduertisements and good aduice Misorders are redressed hee deuised a reformation of all such misorders as were growen vp in al partes of his realme and first for the spiritualtie he ordayned that Priestes should attende their cures Priestes should onely attende their vocation and not to intermeddle with any secular businesse but to be free from going forth to the warres neyther should they keepe horses hawkes or hounds And if any of them wer found negligent in doing his duetie apperteyning to his vocation A penaltie for not doing their dueties he should for the first fault forfeyt a peece of money but for the second he should lose his benefice Youth shoulde eate but one meale a day For the youth of his realme he tooke order to brydle them the better from wanton delites and sensuall lustes that none of them shoulde haue past one meale a day and that of no fine or daintie delicates and to abstaine from all such drinke as might distemper their brayne so that if anye yong person Drunkennes punished with death either man or woman were known to be dronken they should die for it He commaunded further that all the youth of his realme shoulde exercise running wrastling shooting throwing of the dart and bowle so to auoyde slouthfulnesse that their bodies myghte with such exercises be made the more able to endure paynes and trauaile and for the same purpose he tooke order that they shoulde lye vpon the bare bourdes with one mantell onely throwne vnder them Youth to be treined vp in hardnesse so that they should tast nothing neither by day nor night that might noozell them in any wanton delytes or effeminate pleasures Kepers of bāketting houses to be banished It was also ordeyned that all such as kept vitayling houses for banketting cheare should be banished the realme with those that kept brothell houses Thus were the Scottes by obseruing of these ordinances Scottes were made sober able to abyde hardnes made within short time of gluttons excessiue feeders sober and temperate men of delicate and easefull persons hard tough and able to abide any trauail or labour were the same neuer so painfull and hereof the state of the common wealth began to grow to good perfection so that Constantines administration was lyked of the most part of all his subiects The first that went about to disquiet the prosperous raigne of that worthie Prince was one Euan Euan disquieted the king and realme a man of an aūcient house borne in the Westerne Iles. Such hath bene the vnquiet nature of the Scottish men euen from the beginning The vnquiet nature of Scottish men neuer to liue contented any long tyme eyther with peace or warre for being once a wearied with the charges of the warres they straight wayes wishe for peace and hauing in time of peace heaped togither some wealth then can they not suffer the gouernment of their superiours but either are readie to fall out with some forraine enimie or else to raise some commotion amongst themselues This Euan therefore being the kings Lieutenant of his Castell of Dunstafage in Louchquhaber Euan Lieutenant of Dunstafage conspireth agaynst the king practised a conspiracie agaynst the king with a number of other light persons being gentlemen borne mislyking the administration of things onely
of the same Parliament entayled to king Henrie the sixth and to his heyres Males and for default of such heyres to remaine to George Duke of Clarence and to his heyres male and further the sayd Duke was enabled to bee nexte heyre to his father Richard Duke of Yorke and to take from him all his landes and dignities as though he had beene his eldest sonne at the tyme of his death Iasper Erle of Pembroke and Iohn Earle of Oxford and diuerse other by king Edward attainted were restored to their old names possessions and ancient dignities Beside this the Earle of Warwike as one to whom the common welth was much boundeâ—… was made gouernor of the realme The Erle of Warwicke instituted gouernour of the realme with whome as fellow was associated George Duke of Clarence And thus was the state of the realme quite altered To this Parliament came the Murques Montacute excusing himselfe that for feare of death he declined to take king Edwardes part which excuse was accepted When Queene Margaret vnderstoode by hir husbands letters that the victorie was gotten by their friendes she with hir son Prince Edwarde and hir traine entred their ships to take their voiage into England but the winter was so sharpe the weather so stormie and the winde so contrarie that she was faine to take lande againe and to deferre hir iourney till another season Iasper Erle of Pembroke About the same season Iasper Erle of Pembroke went into Wales to visite his landes there in Pembrokeshire where he found Lorde Henry son to his brother Edmond Erle of Richmond hauing not full ten yeares of age he being kept in maner like a captine but honorably brought vp by the Lady Herbert late wife to William Erle of Pembroke beheaded at Banburie as ye before haue heard Margaret couÌ„tesse of Richmond and Darbie This Henrie was borne of Margaret the onely daughter and heire of Iohn the first duke of Somerset then not being full ten yeares of age the which Ladie though she were after ioined in mariage with Lorde Henrie son to Humfrey duke of Buckingham and after to Thomas Stanley Earle of Darby both being yong and apt for generation yet she had neuer any mo children as though shee had done hir part to bring forth a man childe and the same to be a king as hee after was in deede entituled by the name of Henrie the seuenth as after ye shall heare The Erle of Pembroke toke this childe being his nephew out of the custodie of the Ladie Herbert and at his returne brought the childe wyth him to London to king Henrie the sixte whome when the king had a good while behelde The saying of king Henry the sixte of Henry of Richmont after k. Henry the seuenth he sayde to such princes as were with him Lo surely this is he to whom both we and our aduersaries leauing the possession of all things shall hereafter giue rowme and place So this holy man shewed before the chaunce that should happen that this Erle Henrie so ordeyned by God should in tyme to come as he did in deed haue and enioy the kingdome and whole rule of this realme of England The Erle of Warwike vnderstanding that his enimie the Duke of Burgoigne had receyued king Edward and ment to ayde him for recouerie of the kingdome hee first sent ouer to Calais foure C. Archers on horsbacke to make warre on the Dukes countreys and further prepared foure M. valiant men to go ouer very shortly that the Duke might haue his handes euen full of trouble at home And where ye haue heard that the Erle of Warwike was kept out of Calais at his fleeing out of Englande into Fraunce ye shall note that within a quarter of an houre after it was known that he was returned into England and had chased King Edwarde oute of the Realme not onely Monseur de Vawclere but also all other of the garnison towne The ragged staffe shewed themselues to be his friends so that the ragged staffe was taken vp and worne in euery mans cap some ware it of golde enameled some of siluer and hee that could haue it neither of golde nor siluer 〈◊〉 it of whytish silke or cloth suche wauering myndes haue the common people bending like a reed with euery winde that bloweth The Duke of Burgoigne hauing an armye readie at the same time to inuade the frontiers of Fraunce to recouer the townes of Saint Quintines and Amiens lately by the French king taken from him doubted to be hindered greatly by the English men if he should bee constrayned to haue war with them for the duke of Burgoigne helde not onely at that season Flaunders but also Bulleyne and Bullennoys and all Artoys so that hee was thereby in daunger to receyue harme out of Calais on eche side The D. of Burgoigne sendeth Ambassadors to Calays Therefore he sent Ambassadours thither which did so muche with the Counsayle there that the league was newly confirmed betwixt the Realme of Englande and the Dukes Countreys only the name of Henrie put in the wryting in steade of Edwarde This matter hyndered sore the sute of King Edwarde dayly suing to the Duke for ayde at hys handes the more earnestly in deede bycause of suche promises as by letters were made vnto him oute of Englande from hys assured friends there But Duke Charles woulde not consent openly to ayde King Edwarde 1471 He aydeth k. Edward â—… hand but ye secretely vnder hande by others he lent to him fiftie thousande Florens of the Crosse of Saint Andrew and further caused foure great Shippes to be appoynted for him in the haueÌ„ of de Vere otherwise called Camphire in ZealaÌ„d which in those dayes was free for all men to come vnto and the Duke hyred for him fourtene ships of the Easterlings well appoynted and for the more suretie tooke bonde of them to serue him truely till hee were landed in Englande and fyftene dayes after The Easterlings were glad of this iourney trusting if he got agayne the possession of Englande they shoulde the sooner come to a peace and obteyne restitution of theyr lyberiges and franchises whiche they claymed of former tyme to haue wythin this realme The Duke of Burgoigne cared not muche on whose side the victorie fell sauing for payment of his money For he would oft say that he was friende to bothe partyes and eyther parte was friendly to him Indeede as hee was brother in lawe to the one so was hee of kynne to the other as by hys Grandmother being daughter to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster When therefore all King Edwardes furniture and prouision for his iourney were once readie VV. Fleetrâ—… hauing nowe with him about two thousand able menne of warre besyde Mariners hee entred into the Shippes wyth them in the Hauen before Fishing in Zealande vppon the seconde day of Marche and bycause the winde fell not good for hys purpose hee taryed still
Henrye Marques of Exeter Cousin Germayne to King Henrye the eight as is said before For the saide King and hee were descended of two sisters Elizabeth and Katherine two of the daughters of Kyng Edwarde the fourth whych propinquitie of bloud notwithstandyng the sayde Marques for poyntes of treason layde against hym suffered at the Tower hil the thirtith yeare of the raigne of King Henry the eight to the greate doloure of the most of the subiectes of thys Realme who for hys sundry vertues bare him greate fauour After whose death this yong Gentleman hys sonne beeyng yet a childe was committed prisoner to the Tower where hee remayned vntyll the beginning of the raigne of thys Queene Mary as before you haue hearde Thys Gentleman as it appeared was borne to bee a Prisoner for from twelue yeares of age vnto thirtie hee hadde scarce two yeares libertie within the whiche time hee dyed and obteyned quiet whiche in his life he could neuer haue Ambassadors sent to treate a peace betweene the Frenche king and the Emperoure In the moneth of May nexte followyng Cardinall Poole who hadde bin a great labourer for peace betwene the French Kyng and the Emperour beeyng accompanyed with Steuen Gardiner Byshop of Winchester and Chancellor of Englande the Earle of Arundell Lorde Stewarde and the Lorde Paget were sent by the Kyng and Queene ouer the Sea to Calais and from thence went to the Towne of Marke where they mette with the Ambassadours of the Emperoure and the Frenche Kyng From the Emperoure were sente the Byshoppe of Arras with other From the Frenche King was sente the Cardinall of Loraine the Connestable of France In thys treatie Cardinall Poole sate as president and Vmpiere in the name of the Queene of England This peace was greatly laboured where at the firste there was muche hope but in the ende nothing was concluded wherefore the seuententh day of Iune thys assembly was dissolued and the English Ambassadors returned agayne into Englande An. reg 3. In the beginning of September .1555 Kyng Philip went ouer into Flanders to the Emperour hys father A greate flood encreased by rayne And in the moneth of October nexte following fell so greate a rayne that the abundance thereof caused the Thames to swell so hygh that for the space of foure or fyue dayes the Boates and Barges rowed ouer all Sainte Georges fielde and the water rose so hygh at Westminster that lykewise a boate myghte haue bin rowed from the one ende of the Hall to the other Commissioners sent to Oxforde About this time the Byshoppes of Lincolne Gloucester and Bristow were sent in commission to Oxford by the Popes authoritie to examine Ridley and Latimer vpon certayne articles by them Preached whiche if they woulde not recant and consente to the Popes doctrine then hadde they power to proceede to sentence agaynste them as Heretikes and to committe them ouer to the secular power Those two Doctors neuerthelesse stoode constantly to that whyche they hadde taught and woulde not reuoke for whyche cause they were condemned and after burned in the Towne ditche at Oxforde the sixtenth daye of October In the tyme of whose examination bycause the Byshoppes aforesayde declared themselues to bee the Popes Commissioners neyther Ridley nor Latimer woulde doe them anye reuerence but kepte theyr cappes on theyr heads wherefore they were sharpelye rebuked by the Byshoppe of Lincolne and one of the officers was commaunded to take off theyr cappes Of these menne and the manner of theyr deathe yee may reade at large in the Booke of the Monuments of the Churche The one and twentith of October A Parliament a Parliamente was holden at Westminster in the whyche amongst other thyngs the Queene beeing perswaded by the Cardinall and other of hir Cleargie that shee coulde not prosper so long as shee kepte in hir handes any possessions of the Churche dyd frankely and freely resigne and render vnto them all those reuenewes ecclesiasticall whych by the authoritie of Parliament in the tyme of Kyng Henrye hadde bin annexed to the Crowne called the fyrst frutes and tenthes of all Byshoprickes benefices and Ecclesiasticall promotions The resignation whereof was a greate diminution of the reuenewes of the Crowne Duryng the tyme of this Parliament The death of Stephen Gardner Byshop of Winchester Stephen Gardiner Byshoppe of Winchester and Chancellor of Englande dyed at hys house called Winchester place besyde Saint Marye Queries in Southwarke the ninth day of Nouember whose corps was shortly after solemnely from thence conueyd to hys Churche of Winchester and there buryed After whose deathe The Archbyshop of Yorke Nicholas Heathe Archebyshoppe of Yorke was preferred by the Queene to the office of the Chauncelloure In the moneth of Marche nexte following 1556 there was in manner no other talke but of the greate preparation that was made for the Queenes lying in Childbed who hadde alreadye taken vppe hir chamber and sundry Ladies and Gentlewomen were placed about hir in euerye office of the Court. In so muche that all the Courte was full of Midwiues Nursses and Rockers and this talke continued almost halfe a yeare and was affirmed true by some of hir Phisitions and other persons about hir In so muche that dyuers were punished for saying the contrary And moreouer commaundemente was gyuen in all Churches for Procession with supplications and prayers to bee made to Almightie God for hir safe deliuerie Yea and dyuers prayers were specially made for that purpose And the sayde rumor continued so long A rumor that Queene Marâ—… was deliuered of a Prince that at the last reporte was made that shee was delyuered of a Prince and for ioye thereof Belles were roong and Bonefiers made not only in the Citie of London but also in sundrie places of the Realme but in the ende all proued cleane contrarie and the ioy and expectatioÌ„ of the people vtterly frustrate for shortly it was fully certified almost to all men that the Queene was as then neyther deliuered of childe nor after was in hope to haue any Of this the people spake diuersly Some sayde that the rumor of the Queenes conception was spredde for a policie Some affirmed that she was with childe but it miscaried Some other sayd that shee was deceiued by a Timpany or other lyke disease whereby shee thoughte shee was with childe and was not But what the troth was I referre the reporte thereof to other that know more Aboute thys tyme Brookes Byshoppe of Gloucester was by the Cardinall sente downe as Commissioner from the Pope to Oxforde there to syâ—â—e vppon the examination of Thomas Cranmer Archebyshoppe of Caunterburie in suche things as shoulde bee layde to hys charge by Iohn Story and Thomas Martin Doctors in the lawes sent specially in commission from the Queene At which time the sayde Archebyshoppe makyng lowe obeysance to them that sate in the Queenes name shewed no token of reuerence to the Byshoppe that was the
to be true The last comfort arose by mine owne reading of such writers as haue heretofore made mention of the condition of our country in speaking whereof yf I shoulde make account of the successe and extraordinary comming by sundrie treatizes not supposed to be extaunt I shoulde but seeme to pronounce more then may well be sayde with modestie and say farder of myselfe then this Treatize can beare witnesse of Howbeit I referre not this successe wholly vnto my purpose in this Description but rather giue notice thereof to come to passe in the penning of my Chronologie whose cromes as it were fell out very well in the framing of this Pamphlete In the processe therefore of this Booke if your Honour regarde the substaunce of that which is here declared I must needes confesse that it is none of mine but if your Lordshippe haue consideration of the barbarous composition shewed herein that I may boldely clayme and chalenge for myne owne sith there is no man of any so slender skill that will defraude me of that reproche which is due vnto me for the meere negligence disorder and euill disposition of matter comprehended in the same Certes I protest before God and your Honour that I neuer made any choise of stile or picked wordes neither regarded to handle this Treatize in such precise order and methode as many other woulde thinking it sufficient truely plainly to set forth such things as I minded to intreate of rather then with vaine affectation of eloquence to paint out a rotten sepulchre neither coÌ„mendable in a writer nor profitable to the reader How other affayres troubled me in the writing hereof many know peraduenture the slackenesse shewed herein can better testifie but howsoeuer it be done whatsoeuer I haue done I haue had an especiall eye vnto the truth of things for the reast I hope that this foule frizeled Treatize of mine will prooue a spurre to others better learned in more skilfull maner to handle the selfe same argument As for faultes escaped herein as there are diuers I must needes confesse both in the penning and printing so I haue to craue pardon of your Honour of all the learned readers For such was my shortnesse of time allowed in the writing so great the speede made in the Printing that I could seldome with any deliberation peruse or almost with any iudgement deliberate exactly vpon such notes as were to be inserted Sometimes in deede their leysure gaue me libertie but that I applyed in following my vocation many times their expedition abridged my perusall and by this later it came to passe that most of this booke was no sooner penned then printed neither well conceyued before it came to writing But it is now to late to excuse the maner of doing It is possible that your Honour will mistyke hereof for that I haue not by myne owne trauaile and eyesight viewed such thinges as I doe here intreate of In deede I must needes confesse that except it were from the parish where I dwell vnto your Honour in Kent or out of London where I was borne vnto Oxforde and Cambridge where I haue beene brought vp I neuer trauailed 40 miles in all my lyfe neuerthelesse in my report of these thinges I vse their authorities who haue performed in their persons whatsoeuer is wanting in mine It may be in like sort that your Honour will take offence at my rashe and rechlesse behauiour vsed in the composition of this volume and much more that being scambled vp after this maner I dare presume to make tendoure of the protection thereof vnto your Lordships handes But when I consider the singular affectioÌ„ that your Ho. doth beare to those that in any wise will trauaile to set forth such things as lye hidden of their countries without regarde of fine eloquent handling therinto do weigh on mine owne behalfe my bounden duetie and gratefull minde to such a one as hath so many and sundrie wayes profited and preferred me that otherwise can make no recompence I can not but cut of all such occasion of doubt and therevpon exhibite it such as it is and so penned as it is vnto your Lordships tuition vnto whome if it may seeme in any wyse acceptable I haue my whole desire And as I am the first that notwithstanding the great repugnauncie to be seene among our writers hath taken vpon him so particularly to describe this Isle of Britaine so I hope the learned and godly will beare withall and reforme with charity where I do treade amisse As for the curious such as can rather euill fauouredly espy then skilfully correct an errour sooner carpe at another mans doings then publish any thing of their owne keping themselues close with an obscure admiration of learning knowledge among the coÌ„mon sort I force not what they say hereof for whether it doe please or dispease them all is one to me sith I referre my whole trauaile in the gratification of your Honour such as are of experience to consider of my trauaile and the large scope of things purposed in this Treatize of whome my seruice in this behalfe may be taken in good part that I will repute for my full recompence large guerdon of my labours The Almighty God preserue your Lordship in coÌ„tinuall health wealth and prosperitie with my good Lady your wyfe your Honours children whome God hath indued with a singular towardnesse vnto all vertue learning and the rest of reformed familie vnto whome I wish farder increase of his holy spirit vnderstanding of his worde augmentation of honour finally an earnest zeale to follow his commaundements Your Lordships humble seruant and houshold Chaplein W. H. The description of Britaine ¶ Of the scituation and quantitie of the Isle of Britayne Cap. 1. How Britaine lyeth from the â—…ayne BRITANIA or Britaine as we nowe terme it in our Englishe tongue is an Isle lying in the Ocean sea directly against that part of Fraunce which conteyneth Picardie Normandie and therto the greatest part of little Britaine called in time past Armorica of the scituation thereof vpon the sea coast and before such time as a companie of Britons eyther led ouer by some of the Romayne Emperours or flying thither from the tyrannie of such as oppressed them here in this Islande did settle themselues there called it Britaine after the name of their owne country from whence they aduentured thither It hath Irelande vpon the West side on the North the mayne sea euen vnto Thule and the Hyperboreans and on the East side also the Germaine Ocean by which we passe daily thorowe by the trade of merchandise not only into y e low countries of Belgie but also into Germanie Frizelande Denmarke and Norway carying from hence thither and bringing from thence hither all such necessarie commodities as the seuerall Countries doe yéelde thorow which meanes and besides common amitie coÌ„serued traffike is maintayned and the
number of which if you looke to here an orderly reporte you shall vnderstande that I will beginne at the most southerly of them and so procéede with eche one in order so well as my knowledg doth serue me First of al therfore there are foure little Islandes of which one called Erth another Scail are y e greatest Erth. Scaill Bawaâ—… S. Peteâ—… Isle Hirthâ—… Eust Next vnto these and directly towarde the north lyeth Baway then S. Peters Isle in the east side whereof are thrée small ones whose names I haue not yet learned Next of al is the Eust or Hirtha which séemeth by certaine riuers to be deuided into four partes of which the the first hath a towne called S. Columbanes in y e north side thereof y e second another dedicated to S. Mary the fourth for I find nothing of y e third one named after S. Patricke by west wherof lyeth yet a lesse not greatly frequeÌ„ted of any By north of this also are 3. other of lyke quantity and then followeth Lewis scituate in the Deucalidon sea Lewis â–ª called Thule 〈◊〉 Tacitus with 〈◊〉 better 〈◊〉 thoritiâ—â— then he named â—…tglesey â—…na ouer against the Rosse and called Thule by Tacitus wherein are many lakes and very prettye Villages as lake Erwijn lake Vnsalsago but of townes S. Clements Stoye Noys S. Colombane Radmach c. About thys are also diuers other Isles of lesse quaÌ„titye found as Scalpay Ilen Schent Barray the more Barraye the lesse S. Kylder other of smaller reputation wherof the most parte are voyde of culture and inhabitantes and therefore not worthye to be remembred here This finallye is left to be sayd of these Isles that albeit Leuissa be the greatest of them and conteyning thréescore myles in length and thirtie in breadth yet Hirtha or Hirth is the most famous for the shéepe which are there bredde and is therefore called Shepy of the wylde Iryshe Certes the stature of these shéepe is greater and higher theÌ„ of any fallowe déere their tailes hanging downe to the grounde and their hornes longer thicker then those of any Bugle Vnto thys Islande also in the Moneth of Iune when the seas be most calme there commeth a Priest out of Lewissa minystreth the sacrameÌ„t of Baptisme to all such childreÌ„ as haue béene borne there and the Islandes about sith that moneth in the yeare passed This being done and his appointed number of Masses saide he receyueth the tythes of all theyr commodities and then returneth home againe the same way he came â—…na Rona the last of the Hebrides is dystant as I saide about fouretie mile from the Orchades and one hundredth and thirtye from the Promontorye of Dungisbe The coast of thys Isle is dayly replenished with Seale and Porpasse which are eyther so tame or so fierce that they abash not at the sight of such as looke vpon them neyther make they any haste to flye out of theyr presence Aboue the Hirth also is another Islande though not inhabited wherin is a certeine kind of wilde beaste not much different froÌ„ the figure of a shéepe but so wilde that it will not easilye be tamed For theyr gryâ—…ning also they are reputed to be a kynde of bastarde Tyger As for theyr heaire it is betweene the wooll of a shéepe and heaire of a goate somewhat resembling eche shacked and yet absolutely like vnto neyther of both 〈◊〉 Shot 〈◊〉 Isles There are also other Isles an hundreth myles beyond the Orchades towarde east northeast and subiect to scotlande wherin is neyther corne nor anye vse of flesh although they haue store of sundrye sortes of cattell amongst them But in stead of bread they drie a kinde of fishe which they beate in morters to powder and bake it in theyr Ouens vntill it be hearde and drye Theyr fewell also is of such bones as the fishe yéeldeth that is taken on theyr coastes and yet they lyue as themselues suppose in much felicitie thinking it a great péece of theyr happynesse to bée so farre distaunt from the wicked aua rice cruell dealings of the world As for theyr ryches and commodities they al consist in the skinnes of bestes as of OxeÌ„ Shéepe Gotes Marternes and such like wherof they make great reconing Herin also they are lyke vnto y e Hirthiens in y t at one time of the yeare there commeth a priest vnto them out of the Orchades vnto which Iurisdiction they doe belong who Baptiseth all such children as haue bene borne among them sith he last arriued and hauing afterward remained there for a few dayes he taketh his tythes of them which they prouide pay with great serupulositie in fishe for of other commodities pay they none and then returneth home againe not without boast of his troublesome voyage except he watch his time In these Isles also is great pleÌ„ty of fine Amber to be had which is producted by the working of the sea vpon thâ—…se coastes howbeit after what name these Isles be called particulerly and how many there be of them in all the Scottes themselues are eyther ignoraunt or not so diligent as to make any constant mention The Orchades lie partly in the Germaine Orchades and partly in the Calidon seas ouer agaynst the poynt of Dunghisby beyng in number thirtie one of name belonging to y e crowne of Scotlande as are the reast whereof here tofore I haue made report since we crossed ouer the mouth of the Solueie streame to come into this countrye Certes the people of these Islands are of goodly stature tall verye comelye healthfull of long lyfe great strength and most whyte coulour and yet they féede most vpon fishe onely sith the cold is so extréeme in those parts that the ground bringeth forth but smal store of Wheate in maner very litle or no fewell at al to warme them in the winter Otes they haue verye plentifull but greater store of Barly wherof they make a nappye kinde of drinke and such in déede as will verye readilye cause a straÌ„ger to forget himself Howbeit this may be vnto vs a in lieu of a myracle y t although theyr drinke be neuer so strong they themselues so immeasurable drinkers as none are more yet it shal not easily be séene that there is any drunckarde among them either frantike or madde maÌ„ dolt or natural foole méete to were a cockescomb In like sort they want venemous beastes chiefly such as doe delyte in hotter soile Theyr Ewes also are so full of increase that some doe vsuallye bring foorth two thrée or foure lambes at once whereby they account our anclings which are such as bring foorth but one at once rather to be barren then kept for any gaine As for wyld and tame fowles they haue such plentie of them that the people there account them rather a burthen to theyr soyle then a benefite to their tables There is also a Bishop of the Orchades who hath his Sie
king also once in euery yere at certaine principall feastes whereat the king dyd vse to weare his crowne to repaire vnto him into Englande for the making of lawes which in those daies was done by y e noble meÌ„ or peres according to the order of France at this day To thich end he allowed also sundry lodgings in England to him his successours wherat to lye refreshe themselues in their tourneyes and finally a péece of ground lying beside the newe palace of Westminster vppon which this Keneth buylded a house that by him and his posteritie was enioyed vntill the reigne of King Henry the seconde in whose tyme vpon the rebellioÌ„ of William theÌ„ king of Scottes it was resumed into the king of Englands handes The house is decayed but the grounde where it stoode is called Scotlande to this day Moreouer Edgar made this lawe that no man shoulde succéede to his patrimonie or inheritaunce holden by knightes seruice vntill he accomplished the age of one and twentie yeares bycause by intendement vnder that age he shoulde not be able in person to serue hys king and countrey according to the tenour of his déede and the coÌ„dition of his purchase This lawe was receyued by the same Keneth in Scotlande and aswell there as in Englande is obserued to this day which prooueth also that Scotlande was then vnder hys obeysaunce In the yeare of our Lorde 1974. Kinalde king of Scottes Malcolin king of Cumbreland Macon king of Man and the Isles Duuenall bing of southwales Siferth and Howell kings of the rest of wales Iacob or Iames of Galloway and Iukill of westmerlande did homage to king Edgar at Chester And on the morow going by water to y e monastery of s Iohns to seruice and returning home againe y e said Edgar sitting in a barge stiering the same vpon the water of Dée made the sayd kings to rowe y e barge saying that his successors might well be ioyefull to haue the prerogatiue of so great honour and the superiority of so many mightie princes to be subiect vnto their monarchie Edward the sonne of this Edgar was next king of Englande in whose tyme this Keneth kyng of Scots caused Malcolme prince of Scotlande to be poysoned wherupon king Edwarde made warre agaynst him which ceassed not vntill this Keneth submitted himselfe and offered to receyue him for prince of Scotlande whome king Edward woulde appoint herevpon Edwarde proclaymed one Malcolme to be prince of Scotlande who immediately came into Englande and there dyd homage vnto the same King Edwarde Etheldred brother of thys Edwarde succéeded next ouer Englande against whome Swayn kyng of Denmarke conspired with this last Malcolme then king of Scots But shortly after this Malcolme sorowfully submitted himself into the defence of Etheldred who considering how that which coulde 〈◊〉 be amended must only be repented benignelye receyued him by helpe of whose seruice at last Etheldred recouered hys realme againe out of the handes of Swayn and reigned ouer the whole Monarchy eyght thirtie yeares Edmund surnamed Ironside sonne of this Etheldred was next king England in whose tyme Canutus a Dane inuaded the realme with much crueltie but at last he marryed w t Emme sometime wyfe vnto Etheldred and mother of this Edmund which Emme as arbitratrix betwéene hir naturall loue to the one and 〈…〉 procured such 〈…〉 them in the ende that 〈…〉 the realme with Canutus kéeping to himselfe all 〈…〉 all the râ—… 〈…〉 Humber with the seignorie of Scotlande to this Canutus â–ª whervpon Malcolme then king of Scottes after a little customable resistâ—…nce dyd homage to the same Canutus for kingdome of ScotlaÌ„d and thus the sayde Canutus helde the same ouer of this Edmond king of Englande by the lyke seruices This Canutus in memorie of his victorie and glorie of his seignorie ouer the Scottes commaunded this Malcolme their king to buylde a Church in Bâ—…hâ—…haâ—… in Scotland where a fielde betwéene him and them waâ—… fought to be dedicate to Olâ—…uâ—… patrone of Norway and Denmark which Church was by the same Malcolme accordingly perfourmed Edwarde called the confessour sonne of Etheldred and brother to Edmond Ironside was afterward king of england He toke froÌ„ Malcolme king of Scottes his lyfe and hys kingdome and made Malcolme sonne to the king of Cumbrelande and Northumbrelandâ—… king of Scottes who dyd him hâ—â—age and fealtie Thys Edwarde perused the olde lawes of the realme and somewhat added to some of them as to the lawe of Edgar for the wardshippe of the landes vntyll the heirs shoulde accomplishe the age of one twentie yeares he added that the marryage of such heire shoulde also belong to the Lorde of whom the same lande was holden Also that euery woman marrying a frée man shoulde notwithstanding she had no children by that husbande enioye the thirde part of his inheritaunce during hir lyfe with many other lawes which the same Malcolme king of Scottes obeyed And which aswel by them in Scotlande as by vs in Englande be obserued to this day and directly prooueth the whole to be then vnder his obeysaunce By reason of this law Malcolme the sonne of Duncane next inheritour to the crowne of Scotlande being within age was by the nobles of Scotlande deliuered as warde to the custome of this king Edwarde during whose minoritie one Makebeth a Scot trayterously vsurped the crowne of Scotland against whom this king Edward made warre in which the said Makebeth was ouercome and slayne whervpon y e said Malcolme was crowned king of Scottes at Stone in the viij yere of the reigne of this king Edward Thys Malcolme by 〈◊〉 of the sayde nâ—… 〈…〉 of wardship was marryed vnto Margarâ—â— the daughter of Edward sonne of Edmond Ironside and Agatha by the disposition of the same king Edward and at his ful age dyd homage to this king Edward for this kingdome of Scotland Moreouer Edwarde of Englande hauing 〈…〉 of his body and mistrusting that Marelde the sonne of 〈…〉 of the daughter of Harolde Hâ—â—efoote 〈…〉 worlde 〈…〉 the raâ—…ne if he should 〈◊〉 it to his cosin Edgar Edâ—â—â—g being theÌ„ within age and 〈◊〉 by the peticion of his 〈◊〉 â—â—ctes â—…â—…ho before had â—…rne neuer to receiue 〈…〉 writing as all 〈◊〉 clergy writers affirme 〈◊〉 the crowd of great Britaine vnto William their duke of Normandie and to his heires constituting hâ—… his heire testamentarie Also there was proximiteâ—… in bloude betwéene theÌ„ for Emme daughter of Richarde duke of Normandye was wife vnto Etheldred 〈◊〉 whom he begat Aâ—â—red and able Edwardâ—… and this William was sonne of Robert sonne of Richarde brother of the whole bloud to in the same Eâ—â—e whereby appeareth that this William was Heire by tytle and not by 〈◊〉 albeit that partly to extinguish the mistrust of other tytles and partely for the glory of hys 〈◊〉 he chalenged in the ende the name of a 〈◊〉 hath bene so written euer fithâ—…s his aâ—…riâ—…ll This king William called the
of the aforesayd moneth the flower beginneth to appeare of a whitish blewe colour and in the ende shewing it selfe in the owne kinde it resembleth almoste the Lencoâ—…ion of Theophrast Sée Rembert sauing that it is loÌ„ger and hath in middest thereof either thrée or four chiues very red and pleasant to behold These flowers are gathered in the mornyng before the rising of the Sunne whyth would cause them to welke or flitter and the chiues being picked from the flowers these are throwne in to the dunghill the other dryed vpon little kelles couered wyth straigned canuasses ouer a soft fire wherby and by the weight that is layed vpon theÌ„ they are dried pressed into cakes then bagged vp for y e benefite of theyr owners In good yeares we gather an 100. poundes of the wette Saffron of an aker which being dried doth yeld twentie pound of dry and more Wherby and sith the price of Saffron is commonly about twentie shillings in money it is easie to sée what benefit is reaped by an acre of thys commoditie toward the charges of the setter Raising The heads are raised euery third yeare about vs and commonly in the first yeare after they be set they yéelde very litle increase yet that which commeth is couÌ„ted the finest and called Saffron du hort The next crop is much greater but the third excéedeth and then they raise againe In thys Periode of time also the heads are sayd to childe that is to yelde out of some partes of them dyuers other hedlets wherby it hath bene séene that some one head hath bene increased to 3. or 4. or 5. or 6. whych augmentation is the onely cause whereby they are sold so good cheape For to my reÌ„embrance I haue not knowne a quarter of them to be valued much aboue two shillings eight peÌ„ce except in some odde yeres when ouer great store of winters water hath rotted y e most of them as they stood w tin the ground It is thought that at euery raising they encrease coÌ„monly a third part In Norffolke and Suffolke they raise but once in seuen yeres but as theyr Saffron is not so fine as that of Cambridge shyre and about Walden so it wil not tigne nor holde colour wyth all wherin lieth a great part of the value of thys stuffe Some craftie iackes vse to mixt it wyth the flower of Sonchus whych commeth somewhat neare in déede to the hew of our good Saffron â–ª but it is 〈◊〉 bewrayed both by the colour and â—…ardâ—… Such also was the plenty of Saffron on aâ—… 20. yeares passed that some of the towâ—… men of Walden not thankful for the abâ—…dance of Gods blessing bestowed vpon thâ—…â—â—s wishing rather more scarcitie the roâ—… because of the keping vp of the prices in 〈◊〉 contemptuous manner murmured agaâ—â— him saying that he â—…id shite Saffron 〈…〉 present therwith to choke y e market But 〈◊〉 they shewed them selues unlesse theâ—… ingâ—… infidels in thys behalfe so the Lord conâ—…ring theyr vnthankfulnesse gaue them 〈◊〉 since suche scarsitie as the greatest mutherers haue now the least store and moste of them are eyther worâ—…e out of â—…crupying â–ª or remain scarse able to maintain there greâ—… wythout the helpe of other men â–ª Certâ—… hath generally decayed about Walden since the sayd time vntill now of late wythin the two yeares that men began againe to phâ—… and renew the same But to procéede when the heads be raised and taken vp they 〈◊〉 remaine 16. or 20. daies out of the earth 〈◊〉 I know it by experience in that I haue â—…ed some of them to London wyth me and nâ—…twythstanding that they haue remayned there vnset by the space of 25. daies yet sâ—… of them haue brought forth 2. or 3. flowereâ—… péece and some flowers 4. or 5. chiues to the great admiration of such as haue gathered the same and not bene acquainted wyth the countrey where they grew The Crokers iâ—… Saffron men doe vse an obseruation a litâ—… before the comming vppe of the flower 〈◊〉 opening of the heads to iudge of plentye 〈◊〉 scarcitie of thys commoditie to come Foâ—… they sée as it were many small heary vaines of Saffron to be in the middest of the bulâ—â— they pronounce a frutefull yeare And to say truth at the cleauing of each head a maÌ„ shall discerne the Saffron by the colour and sâ—… wherabouts it will issue out of the roote Warme nights swéete dewes fat grouÌ„ds chiefly the chalky and misty mornings are very good for Saffron but frost and cold doe kill and kéepe backe the flower And this much haue I thought good to speake of English Saffron whych is hote in the seconde and dry in the first degrée Now if it please you to heare of any of the vertues thereof I will note these insuing at the request of one who required me to touche a fewe of them wyth whatsoeuer breuitye I listed Therfore our Saffron is very profitably mingled with those medicines whych we take for the diseases of the brest of y e longes of the liuer and of the bladder It is good also for the stomacke if you take it in meate for it comforteth the same and maketh good digestion being sodden also in wine it not only kéepeth a man from dronkennesse but encourageth also vnto procreation of issue If you drinke it in swéete wine it enlargeth the breth and is good for those that are troubled with the tesike and shortnesse of y e wind Mingled wyth milke of a woman and layed vpon the eyes it stayeth such humors as desend into the same and taketh away the red wheales and pearles that oft groweth about them It is verye profitably layde vnto all inflammations painefull Apostemes and the shingles and doth no small ease vnto dyuers if it be mingled wyth such medicines as are beneficiall vnto the eares It is of great vse also in riping of botches and al swellings proceding of raw humors Or if it shal please you to drinke the roote therof with Maluesie it will maruellously prouoke vrine dissolue and expell grauell and yéelde no small ease vnto them that make theyr water by droppe meales Finally thrée drammes thereof taken at once whych is about the weighte of one shil 9. pence halfepeny is deadly poyson as Dioscorides doth affirme There groweth some Saffron in many places of Almaine and also about Vienna in Austria whych later is taken for y e best that springeth in other quarters In steade of thys also some doe vse the Carthamus called amongst vs bastarde SaffroÌ„ but neyther this is of any value nor the other in any wise comparable vnto ours whereof let this suffice as of a commoditye brought into this Ilande not long before the time of Edward the third and not commonly planted vnitll Richard y e second did raign It would grow very well as I take it about Chiltern hilles in all the vale of the whyte horse Of Quarries of stone for buylding Cap. 15. QVarryes
which ibid col 4. reade of Salop. Some 10.11 fol 92. col 1. lin 34. reade Cymbelline fol 93. col 1. lin 34. reade out of the hilles ibid lin 35. reade that at certaine times ibid lin 47. reade straunge for strong ibid lin 58. reade vertigerne ibid col 2. lin â—…8 for seconde Aye read second Axe ibid lin 44. reade doth it swell ibid col 3. line 37. reade into the earth for into the grounde ibid 47 reade as one néere to S. Asaphes fol 94. col 1. the 10.11 and 12. lines are to much almost by euery worde by meanes of an odde pamphlet of Tideswell latewarde inserted into the booke fol 96. col 2. lin 39. for goddesse reade gods fol 96. col 3. line 10. for harde Cantus reade hardie Canutus ibid col 4. vers 21. reade tantum agendis fol 107. col 3. line 1. for drawne reade drawing THE HISTORIE of Englande WHAT manner of people did first inhabite this our couÌ„trey which hath most generally of longest continuaunce bene knowne among all nations by y e name of Britaine as yet it is not certainly knowne neither can it be decided from whence the first inhabitantes thereof came by reason of such diuersitie in iudgements as haue risen amongst the learned in this behalfe But sith the originall in maner of all nations is doubtful The originall â—… nations â—…r the moste 〈◊〉 vncertain and euen the same for the more parte fabulous that always excepted which we fynde in the holy scriptures I wishe not any man to leane to that whiche shall be heere set downe as to an infallible truth sith I do but only shewe other mennes coniectures grounded neuerthelesse vppon likely reasons concernyng that matter wherof there is now left but little other certayntiâ—… â—…hether Briâ—… vvere an â—…de at the â—…st or rather none at all To fetche therfore 〈◊〉 matter from the furthest and so to stretch it forward it seâ—â—eth by the report of Dominicus Marius Niger â—…ogr comâ—…ent lib. 2. y t in the beginning wheÌ„ God framed the worlde and diuided the waters aparte from the earth this Isle was then a partel of the continent â—…o ylande at â—… fyrste as 〈◊〉 coÌ„iecture ioyned without any separation of sea to the mayne lande But this opinion as al other the lyke vncertaynties I leaue to be decided of the learned Howbeit for the first inhabitation of this Isle with people I haue thought good to set down in part what may be gathered out of such writers as haue touched that mater may seene to giue some light vnto the knowledge thereof 〈◊〉 the first part â—… the actes of â—…e Englishe â—…taries Fyrst therfore Iohn Bale our countreyman who in his tyme greatly trauayled in the searche of suche antiquities â—…itayn inhaâ—…ed before â—â—oud dothe probably coniectuâ—…e that this lande was inhabited and replenished with people long before the floud at that tyme in the which the generation of mankinde as Moyses writeth began to multiplie vpon the vniuersall face of the earth â—…en â—… and therefore it followeth that as well this land was inhabited with people long before the dayes of Noe as any the other countreys and partes of the worlde beside 〈…〉 But when they had once forsakeÌ„ the ordinances appointed them by God and betaken them to new ways inuented of themselues such loosenesse of lyfe ensued euerywhere as brought vpon them the great deluge vniuersall floud in the whiche perished as well the inhabitants of these quarters as the residus of the race of mankinde generally dispersed in euery other part of the whole world â—â—uing only Noe his familie who by the prouidence and pleasure of almightie God was preserued from the rage of those waters to recontinue and repaire the newe generation of manne vpon the earth Noe. After the floud as Annius of Viterbo recordeth reason also enforceth In commenâ—… super 4. lib. Beros de antiquit li. 2. Noe was the only Monark of al the world and as the same Annius gathereth by the accounte of Moyses in the .100 Annius vt supra yeare after the â—…oud â–ª Noe deuided the earth among his three senâ—…e assigning to the possession of his eldest sonne all that portion of laâ—…de which â—…owe is knowne by the name of ASIA and to his second sonne Châ—â—â— he appointed all that part of the world which now is called Affrica Vnto his thirde sonne Iâ—…phet was allotted all â—…urâ—…pa with all the Aleâ—… thereto belongyng wherin among other was conteined this our Ile of Britayn with the other yles therto belonging Iaphet Thus was this Ilande inhabited and peopleâ—… within .200 Britayn inhabited shortly after the floud yeres after the floud by the children of Iaphet the sonne of Noe and this is not only proued by Annius writing vpoÌ„ Berosus but also confirmed by Moyses in the scripture where he writeth that of the ofspring of Iaphet the yles of the Gentils wherof Britayn is one were sorted into regions in the tyme of Phaleg the son of Hiber Theophilus episcop Antiochi ad Antol. lib. 2. The vvordes of Theophilus a doctor of the churchâ—… vvho liued An. Christi 160. who was born at the tyme of the diuision of languages Herevpon Theophilus hath these words CuÌ„ priscis temporibus pauci foret homines in Arabia Chaldaea post linguarum diuisionem aucti multiplicati paulatim sunt â–ª hinc quidam abierunt versus Orientem quidam concessere ad partes maioris continentis alij porrò profecti sunt ad Septentrionem sedes quaesituri nec prius desierunt terraÌ„ vbique occupare qua etiaÌ„ BritaÌ„noâ—… in Arctois climatibus accesseriÌ„t c. englished thus VVhen at the first there were not many men in Arabia Chaldea it came to passe that after the deuision of tongs they began somwhat better to increase multiplie by which occasion some of them went toward the east some toward the parties of the great mayn land Diuers went also northwards to seeke them dwellyng places neyther stayed they to replenishe the earth as they went til they came vnto the yles of Britain lying vnder the north pole c. Hitherto Theophilus These things considered Gildas the Briton had great reason to think that this countrey had bin inhabited from the beginning and Polydore Vergil was with no lesse coÌ„sideration hereby inforced to coÌ„fesse that the I le of Britayne had receiued inhabitauntes forthwith after the floud Samothes Gen. 2. De migr gen SAmothes y e 6. begotteÌ„ son of Iaphet called by Moyses Mesech by others Dis receyued for his portion according to the reporte of Wolfgangus Lazius all the countrey lying betwene the riuer of Rheyn the Pyrenian mountayns where hee founded the kingdome of Celtica ouer his people called Celtae Which name Bale affirmeth to haue bin indifferent to the inhabitants both of the countrey of Gallia Cent. 1. and the I le of
the whole historie but where other haue by diligent search tryed out the continuance of euery gouernors raigne and reduced the same to a likelyhoode of some conformitie I haue thought best to follow the same leauing the credite thereof with the firste Authours as I haue sayd before Mulmuâ—…ius the first crowned King of Britayne M.W. â—…awes made He also made many good lawes the whyche were long after vsed called Mulmutius lawes turned out of the Brittish speech into the Latine by Gildas Priscus and long time after traÌ„slated out of Latine into Englishe by Alfrede Kyng of England and mingled in his estatutes Moreouer this Mulmutius gaue priuileges to Temples to ploughes to Cities and to high wayes leading to the same so that whosoeuer fled to them should be in safegard from bodily harme and from thence he might depart into what couÌ„trey he would without indemnitie of his person Some authors write Caxton and â—…olicron that hee began to make the foure great high wayes of Britayne the whyche were finished by his sonne Belinus as after shall be declared The Chronicle of EnglaÌ„d affirmeth that this Mulmutius whom y e olde booke nameth Molle builded y e two townes Malmesbery Malmesbery â—…nd the Viâ—…s â—…uilt the Vies After he had established his land set his Britons in good conuenient order The first King that was crowâ—…ed with a goldeÌ„ Crowne he ordeyned him by y e aduice of his Lords a Crowne of golde and caused himselfe with great soleÌ„nitie to be Crowned according to the custome of the Pagan laws then in vse and bycause he was the first that bare Crowne heere in Britayne after the opinion of some writers he is named the first King of Britayne and al the other before rehearsed are named Rulers Dukes or Gouernors Amongst other of his ordinances Polid. Weightes and measures Theft punished Fab. he appoynted weightes and measures with the which men should buy sell And further he deuised sore and streight orders for the punishing of theft Finally after he had guided the land by the space of fortie yeeres he died and was buried in the foresayde Temple of peace which he had erected within the citie of Troynouant nowe called London as before ye haue heard Appoynting in his life tyme that his kingdome should be deuided betwixt his two sonnes Brennus Belinus as some men do coniecture Belinus and Brennus the sonnes of Mulmucius In the meane time Brenne aduertized hereof assembled a great nauie of Ships well furnished with people and Souldiers of the Norwegians with the whiche he tooke his course homewardes but in the way he was encountred by Guilthdacus king of Denmarke Guilthdacus King of Denmarke the whiche had layen loÌ„g in awaite for him bycause of y e yong Lady whiche Bren had married for whom he had bin a sutor to hir father Elsing of long time WheÌ„ these two fleetes of y e Danes NorwegiaÌ„s met there was a sore battell betwixte them but finally the Danes ouercame them of Norway and tooke y e Ship wherein the new Bride was conueyed and then was she brought aboorde y e Ship of Guilthdachus Brenne escaped by flighte as well as hee might But when Guilthdachus had thus obtained the victory pray sodaynly thervpon rose a sore teÌ„pest of winde weather A tempest which escattered the Danishe fleete and put the King in daunger to haue bin lost but finally within fiue dayes after Guithdachus â—…anded in the North. being driuen by force of winde he landed in Northumberland with a fewe suche Shippes as kept togither with him When Beline had thus expelled his brother and was alone possessed of all the land of Brittaine he firste confirmed the lawes made by hys father and for so much as the foure wayes begun by his father were not brought to perfection The foure high wayes finished hee therefore caused workmen to be called foorth and assembled whom he set in hand to paue the sayde wayes with stone for the better passage and ease of all that should trauell through the countreyes from place to place as occasioÌ„ shuld require The first of these foure wayes is named Fosse The Fosse stretcheth from the South into the North beginning at y e corner of Totnesse in Cornewaile so passing forth by Deuonshire and Somersetshire by Tutbery on Cotteswold then forwarde beside Couentrie vnto Leicester from thence by wilde playnes toward Newarke Watling Streete endeth at the Citie of Lincoln The second way was named Watling streete the which stretcheth ouerthwart the Fosse out of the Southeast into the Northeast beginning at Douer and passing by the middle of Kent ouer Thames beside London by West of Westminster as some haue thought so forth by S. Albanes by y e West side of Dunstable Stratford Toucester and Wedon by south of Lilleborne by Atherston Gilberts hill that nowe is called the Wreken and so forth by Seuerne passing beside Worcester vnto Stratton to the middle of Wales and so vnto a place called Cardigan at the Irish sea â—…ing street The thirde waye was named Erming-streete the which stretched out of the west northwest vnto the east southeast and begynneth at Monenia the which is in Saint Dauids lande in west Wales and so vnto Southampton â—…nelstreete The fourth and last way hight Hikenelstreete which leadeth by Worcester Winchcomb Birmingham Lichfield Darby Chesterfielde and by Yorke and so forth vnto Tinmouth â—…iuiledges â—…unted to 〈◊〉 wayes And after he had caused these wayes to be wel and sufficiently reysed and made hee confirmed vnto them all suche priuileges as were graunted by his father In this meane tyme that Beline was thus occupied about the necessarie affayres of his realm and kingdome his brother Brenne that was fled into Gallia onely with .xij. persons bycause hee was a goodly Gentleman and seemed to vnderstande what apperteyned to honour grew shortly into fauor with Seginus the Duke afore mentioned and declaring vnto him his aduersitie and the whole circumstaunce of his mishap at length was so highly cherished of the sayde Seginus deliting in such worthie qualities as he saw in him dayly appearing â—…renne maryâ—…th the duke of â—…he Alobroges daughter that he gaue to him his daughter in maryage with condition that if he dyed without issue Male then shoulde he inherite his estate and Dukedome and if it happened him to leaue and heyre Male behinde him then shoulde he yet helpe him to recouer his lande and dominion in Brytaine bereft froÌ„ him by his brother These conditions well and surely vppon the Dukes part by the assent of the Nobles of his lande concluded ratified and assured the sayde Duke within the space of one yeare after dyed And then after a certaine time it beeing knowne that the Duches was not with childe all the Lords of that Countrey did homage vnto Bren receyuing him as their Lorde and supreme
the sayles and tagle of that shippe whiche hadde brought your diuine presence vnto their coastes and when you should sette foote on lande they were readie to lye downe at your feete that you might as it were march ouer them so desirous were they of you Neither was it any meruaile if they shewed them selues so ioyfull sithe after their miserable captiuitie so many yeres continued after so long abusing of their wiues and filthie bondage of their children at lengthe yet were they nowe restored to libertie at lengthe made Romaynes at lengthe refreshed with the true lighte of the Imperiall rule and gouernement for beside the fame of your clemencie and pitie whiche was set forth by the report of all nations in your countenaunce Cesar they perceiued the tokens of all vertues in your face grauitie in your eyes myldenesse in your ruddie cheekes bashfulnes in your words iustice All which thinges as by regarde they acknowledged so with voyces of gladnesse they signifyed on high To you they bounde them selues by vowe to you they bounde their children yea and to your children they vowed all the posteritie of theyr race and ofspring Dioclesiâ—… Maxiâ—… We truely O perpetuall parentes and lordes of mankinde require this of the immortall gods with most earnest supplication and heartie prayer that our children and theyr children and suche other as shall come of them for euer hereafter may be dedicate vnto you and to those whome you now bring vp or shal bring vp hereafter For what better hap can wee wishe to them that shall succeede vs than to bee enioyers of that felicitiie which now we our selues enioy The Romaine common wealth doth now comprehende in one coniunction of peace al that whatsoeuer at sundry times hath belonged to the Romaines and that huge power whyche wyth to great a burdeyn was shroonke downe and riuen in sunder is nowe broughte to ioyne agayn in the assured ioyntes of the imperiall gouernement For there is no parte of the earth nor region vnder heauen but that eyther it remayneth quiet through feare or subdued by force of armes or else at the least wyse bounde by clemencie And is there any other thing else in other partes whych if wyll and reason should moue men therto that might bee obteyned beyond the Ocean what is there more than Brytaine which is so recouered by you Nations 〈◊〉 to Britaine obey the â—…perour that those nations which are neare adioyning to the boundes of that Isle are obedient to your commaundementes There is no occasion that maye moue you to passe further excepte the endes of the Ocean sea which nature forbiddeth shoulde bee sought for All is yours moste inuincible Princes whiche are accompted worthie of you and thereof commeth it that you may equally prouide for euery one sithe you haue the whole in your hands and therfore as heretofore moste excellent Emperoure Dioclesian by thy commaundemente Asia dyd supplye the deserte places of Thracia with inhabitauntes transported thyther as afterwarde moste excellente Emperour Maximian by your appoyntementement the Frankeners at length brought to a pleasant subiection and admitted to lyue vnder lawes The 〈◊〉 hath 〈…〉 I take the 〈◊〉 be 〈◊〉 for a. hath peopled and manured the vacante fieldes of the Neruians and those about the citie of Trier And so nowe by youre victories inuincible Constantius Cesar what soeuer did lye vacant aboute Amiens Beanvoys Troys and Langres beginneth to flourishe with inhabitauntes of sundrye nations yea and moreouer that your most obedient Citie of Autun for whose sake I haue a peculiar cause to reioyce by meanes of thys tryumphaunt victorie in Brytayne if hathe receyued manye and diuers Artificers of whome those prouinces were full â—…tificers forth Britayne and nowe by theyr workmanship the same Citie reiseth vp by repairing of auncient houses and restoryng of publique buyldings and temples so that now it accompteth that the olde name of brother-like incorporation to Rome is again to hir restored when she hath you eftsones for hir founder I haue sayd inuincible Emperor almost more than I haue bin able and not so muche as I ought that I may haue moste iâ—…st cause by your clemencies licence both now to end and often heereafter to speake thus I ceaâ—…e Here haue you the substance of that whiche is written touching Britayn in that Hâ—…egerike oration ascribed to Mamertinus whiche he set forth in prayse of the emperors Dioclesian and Maximian it is entitled only to Maximianus wheras neuerthelese both the Emperours are praised And lykewyse as ye maye perceiue Costantius that was father vnto the great Constantine is here spokeÌ„ of being chosen by the two foresayde Emperours to assiste them by the name of Cesar in rule of the Empire of whome hereafter more shall be sayde But now to consider what is to bee noted foorth of this part of the same oration It shuld seeme that when the emperor Maximian was sent into Gallia by appoyntemente taken betwixt him and Diocletian after he had quâ—â—ted things there he set his mynde forthwith to reduce Britayn vnder the obedience of the Empire the which was at that present kept vnder subiection of such princes as maynteyned their state by the mightie forces of suche number of ships as theâ—… had got togither furnished with al things necessarie namely of able seameÌ„ as well Britons as strangers among whom the Frankeners wer as chief Franci or Frankeners people of Germanie a nation of Germanie as then hyghly renoumed for their puissance by sea nere to the which they inhabited so that there were no rouers comparable to them And bycause none durste fliere on these our seas for feare of the Britishe fleet that passed to and fro at pleasure to the greate anoyance of the Romayne subiectes inhabiting alongest the coastes of Gallia Maximian both to recouer agayne so wealthy and profitable a land vnto the obeysance of the empire as Britayne then was also to deliuer the people of Gallia subiects to y e Romains froÌ„ danger of being dayly spoyled by those rouers that were maynteined here in Britayn he prouided with all diligence suche numbers of ships as were thought requisite for so great an enteprise and rigging them in sundry places tooke order for their setting forward to the most aduaâ—…ntage for the easy atcheuing of his enterprise He appointed to passe himselfe froÌ„ the coaste of FlaÌ„ders at what time other of his captains with their fleetes from other parts should likewyse made sayle towards Britayn By this meane Aleâ—…aâ—… that had vsâ—…rped the 〈◊〉 and dignitie of king or rather emperor ouer the Britains knew not where to take heede but yet vnderstanding of the nauie that was made ready in the mouth of Sayn he ment by y e which may be coniectured to intercept that fleet as it shuld come foorth and make sayle forewardes and so for that purpose he lay with a great number of ships about the Isle of Wight But now Aâ—…clepiodotus came
.xviij. yeare of his raigne he besieged Sommerton Ran. Cestren and wanne it Hee also inuaded Northumberlande and gotte there great ryches by spoyle and pyllage whiche hee brought from thence without any battaile offered to him The Welchmen he ouercame in battaile H. Hunt being then at quiet and ioyned as coÌ„federates with Cuthred K. of West SaxoÌ„s But in the .xxxvij. yeare of his raigne hee was ouercome in battaile at Bereforde by the same Cuthred Bereforde with whome he was fallen at variance and within foure yeres after that is to witte in the .xlj. yeare of hys raigne 755 Three miles from Tamworth hee was slaine in battaile at Secandone or Sekenton by his owne subiectes whiche arreared warres agaynste hym by the procurement and leading of one Bernred VVil. Malm. which after hee had slayne his naturall Prince tooke vppon him the Kingdome but he prospered not long being slaine by Offa that succeeded him in rule of the kingdome of Mercia 758 Math. VVest as after shall be shewed The bodie of Ethelbald was buried at Ripton Bonifarius the Archbishop of Menze or Maguntze The hystorie 〈◊〉 Magd. hauing assembled a Councell wyth other Byshoppes and Doctours deuised a letter and sent it vnto this Ethilbert commending him for his good deuotion and charitie in almes gyuing to the reliefe of the poore and also for his vpright dealing in administration of Iustice to the punishment of robbers and such lyke misdoers but in that he absteyned from maryage and wallowed in filthie lecherie with diuerse women and namely with Nunnes they sore blamed him and withall declared in what infamie the whole Englishe Nation in those dayes remayned by common report in other Countreys for theyr lycencious lyuing in sinfull fornication and namely the moste parte of the Noble men of Mercia by hys euill example did forsake theyr wyues Nunnes kept or concubines and defloured other women whiche they kept in adulterie as Nunnes and other Moreouer hee sheweth howe that suche euill women as well Nunnes as other vsed to make awaye in secrete wise theyr children whiche they bare oute of wedlocke and so fylled the graues wyth deade bodyes and hell wyth damned soules The same Bonifacius in an other Epystle whiche hee wrote vnto Cutbert the Archbyshop of Canterburie counsayleth him not to permitte the Englishe Nunnes to wander abrode so often on Pylgrymage Pilgrimage of Nunnes bycause there were fewe Cities eyther in Fraunce or Lombardye wherein might not bee founde English women that lyued wantonlye in fornication and whordome Kings of the East Saxons Bed li. 5. ca. 20 Offa king of East Saxons In this meane tyme Sigharde and Seufred Kings of the East Saxons being departed thys lyfe one Offa that was sonne to Sigerius succeeded in gouernment of that Kingdome a man of greate towardnesse and of right comely countenaunce but after hee had ruled a certayne tyme hee beeing mooued of a religious deuotion wente vnto Rome in companie of Kenred King of Mercia and of one Ergvine Byshoppe of Worcester and beeing there shauen into the order of Monkes so continued tyll hee dyed King Selred After him one Selred the sonne of Sigbert the good ruled the East Saxons the tearme of xxxviij yeares Harison .28 After that Aldulfe the King of East-Angles was departed thys life 688 whiche chaunced aboute the yeare of oure Lorde .688 his brother Eltwolde or Aekwolde succeeded him and raigned about .xij. yeares Harison .2 After whose deceasse one Beorne was made king of Eastangles and raigned about .xxvj. yeares Harison .36 In this meane while that is to witte in the yeare of oure Lorde .705 705 Alfride king of Northumberlande beeing deade his sonne Osred 〈…〉 Osred king of Northumberlande a childe of .viij. yeares of age succeeded hym in the kingdome and raigned .xj. yeares spending hys time when he came to rype yeares in fylthie abusing his bodie wyth Nunnes and other religious women About the seuenth yeare of his raigne 〈…〉 that is to witte in the yeare of oure Lorde .711 one of his Captayne 's named Earle Berthfride fought with the Pictes betwixte two places called Heue and Cere and obteyning the victorie Pictes oâ—…eâ—…throwne by the Northâ—â—bers 〈◊〉 an huge number of the enimies At length King Osred by the trayterous meanes of hys cousins that arreared warre agaynste him was slaine in battaile King Osred slaine in battaile and so ended his raigne leauing to those that procured his death the lyke fortune in tyme to come For Kenred raigning two yeares and Osricke tenne yeares were famous onely in this that beeing woorthilye punished for shedding the bloud of theyr naturall Prince and soueraigne Lorde they finished their lyues with dishonourable deathes as they had well deserued Osricke before his death whiche chaunced in the yeare of oure Lorde .729 appoynted Ceolvolfe the brother of his predecessour Kenred 729 to succeede him in the kingdome whiche hee did raigning as king of the Northumbers by the space of .viij. yeares currant and then renouncing his kingdome became a Monke in the I le of Lindesferne In this meane while Beda Acca Bishop of Hexham Byshoppe Wilfride being dead one Acca that was his Chaplain was made Bishop of Hexham The foresayde Wilfride had beene Bishop by the space of .xlv. yeares but hee lyued a long tyme in exyle For first beeyng Archbyshoppe of Yorke and exercising his iurisdiction ouer all the North partes hee was after banished by king Egbert and agayne restored to the Sea of Hexham in the seconde yeare of king Alfride and within fiue yeares after eftsoones banyshed by the same Alfride and the seconde tyme restored by his successour king Osred in the fourth yeare of whose raigne beeing the yeare after the Incarnation of oure Sauiour 709. hee departed this lyfe and was buryed at Rippon Moreouer after Iohn the Archebyshoppe of Yorke had resigned one Wilfride surnamed the seconde was made Archebishoppe of that Sea whiche Wilfride was Chaplayne to the sayde Iohn and gouerned that Sea by the space of fiftene yeares and then died Aboute the yeare of oure Lorde .710 710 the Abbot Adrian whiche came into this lande wyth Theodore the Archebyshoppe of Canterburie as before yee haue hearde departed thys lyfe aboute .xxxix. yeares after his comming thyther â—…wo Bishops 〈◊〉 Also Inas the king of West Saxons aboute the .xx. yeare of his raigne Mat. VVest deuided the Prouince of the West Saxons into two Byshoppes Seas where as before they had but one Daniel was ordeyned to gouerne the one of those Seas Bishop Daniel being placed at Winchester hauing vnder him Sussex Southerie and Hamshire and Aldhelme was appoynted to Shireburne hauing vnder him Barkeshire Wyltshire Sommersetshire Dorsetshyre Deuonshire and Cornwall This Aldhelme was a learned man Bishop Aldelm and was first made Abbot of Malmesburie in the yeare of our Lorde .675 by Eleutherius then Bishop of the
sorily so that in the ende when his countrey was inuaded by the West Saxons he was easily constreyned to departe into exile And thus was the kingdome of Kent annexed to the kingdome of the West Saxons after the same kingdome had continued in gouernmente of kings created of the same nation for the space of .382 yeres The ende of the kingdome of Kent 827 yeres that is to say from the yeare of our Lord .464 vnto the yere .827 Suithred or Suthred K. of Essex was vanquished and expulsed out of his kingdom by Egbert K. The end of the Kingdome of Eastsex of West Saxons as before ye may reade in the same yere that the kentishmen were subdued by the said Egbert or else very shortly after This Kingdome continued .281 yeres from the yere .614 vnto the yere .795 as by the table of the Heptarchie set foorth by Alexander Neuill it appeareth After the decesse of Kenvulfe K. of Mercia his sonne Kenelme a child of the age of .7 yeares was admitted K. Mat. VVest 821 The wickednesse of QueÌ„dred about the yere of our Lord .821 Hee had two sisters Quendred and Burgenild of the which the one that is to say Quendrede of a malitious minde moued through ambition enuyed hir brothers aduauncemente and sought to make him away so that in the ende she corrupted y e gouernor of his person one Ashberte with greate rewardes and high promises perswading him to dispatch hir innocent brother out of life that shee might raigne in his place Ashbert one day vnder a colour to haue the yong king foorthe on hunting King Kenelme murthered led him into a thicke wood and there cut off the head froÌ„ his body an Impe by reason of his teÌ„der yeres innocent age vnto the world voyde of gilt yet thus trayterously murthered without cause or crime he was afterward reputed for a Martir There hath gone a tale that his death should be signified at Rome and the place where the murther was committed by a straunge manner for as they say a white Doue came and alight vpon the Aulter of Saint Peter bearyng a scroll in hir 〈◊〉 which she let fall on the same Aulter in which scroll among other things this was contreyned in Cleâ—…c Koâ—… Bath Keneline Kenbarne lieth vnder thorne heaued betraned that is at Clenc in a Cow pasture Keneline the Kyngs Child lieth beheaded vnder a thorne This tale I reherse 〈◊〉 for any credite I thinke it 〈◊〉 of but only for y t it seemeth the place where the yong Prince innocently lost his life After that Keneline was thus made away Ceolwolf K. of Mercia 823 his Vncle Ceolwolfe the Brother of King Kenulfe was â—…reaâ—…ed King of Mercia and in the seconde yeare of his raigne was expulsed by Bernwolfe Bernwolfe in the thirde yeare or seconde as Harrison hath of his raigne was vanquished and put to flight in battell by Egbert King of West Saxons and shortly after 〈◊〉 of the East angles as before ye haue heard Then one Ludiâ—â—nus or Ludicanus was created King of Mercia and within two yeres after came to the like ende that hapâ—…es to his predecessor before him as he 〈◊〉 about to reuenge hys death so that the Kingdome of Britayne began now to recâ—…e from their owne estate and leane to an alteration which grew in the end to the erectioÌ„ of a perâ—â—t Monarchie and finall subuersion of their perticular estates and regiments After Ludicenus succeeded Wightlafe Mat. VVest 728 who first being vanquished by Egbert King of West Saxons was afterwardes restored to the Kingdome by the same Egbert and raigned thirtene yeres whereof twelue at the least were vnder tribute which he payed to the said Egbert and to his sonne as to his Soueraignes and supreme gouernoures The Kingdome of Northumberlande was brought in subiection to the Kings of West Saxons as before is mentioned in the yeare of oure Lord .828 828 and in y e yeare of the raigne of K. Egbert .28 but yet here it tooke not ende as after shall appeare EThelwoulfus otherwise called by some writers Athaulfus Ethelwolfus began his raigne ouer y e West Saxons in the yeare .837 which was in the .24 yere of the Emperour Ludouicus Pius that was also K. of France in the .10 yeare of Theophilus y e Emperour of the East about the third yere of Kenneth the seconde of that name K. of Scottes This Ethelvoulf minding in his youth to haue bin a Priest entred into the orders of SubdeacoÌ„ Hen. Hunt Math. VVest and as some write he was Bishop of Winchester but howsoeuer the matter stoode or whether he was or not sure it is that shortly after he was assoyled of his vowes by authoritie of Pope Leo and then maried a proper Gentlewoman named Osburga which was his butlers daughter Hee was of nature curteous and rather desirous to liue in quiet rest than to be troubled with the gouernement of many countreys â—…V Mal. so that coÌ„tenting himselfe with the kingdome of West Saxons he permitted his brother Athelstan to enioy the residue of the countreys which his father had subdued as Kent and Essex with other He ayded the K. of Mercia Burthred against the Welchmen and greatly aduanced his estimation by gyuyng vnto him his daughter in marriage But now the fourth destruction which chanced to this lande by forraine enimies â—…our especiall â—â—structions 〈◊〉 this land was at hande for the people of Denmarke Norway and other of those Northeast regions which in that season were greate rouers by Sea had tasted the wealth of this land by such spoiles and prayes as they hadde taken in the same so that perceiuing they coulde not purchase more profit any where else they set their myndes to inuade the same on each side as they had partly begun in the days of the late kings Brightrike and Egbert Hen. Hunt Simon Dun. The persecutioÌ„ vsed by these Danes seemed more greeuous than any of the other persecutions either before or sithence that time for y e Romanes hauing quickly subdued the land gouerned it nobly withoute seeking the subuersion thereof The Scottes and Pictes only inuaded y e North partes And the Saxons seeking the conquest of the land when they had once gote it they kept it and did what they could to better and aduance it to a florishing estate And likewise the Normans hauing made a conquest graunted both life libertie and auntient lawes to the former inhabitants But the Danes long time and often assayling the land on euery side now inuading it in this place and now in that did not at y e first so much couete to conquere it as to spoyle it nor to beare rule in it as to wast destroy it who if they were at anye time ouercome the victorers were nothing the more in quiet for a new nauie and a greter army was ready to make some new inuasioÌ„ neither did they enter all at one place
most perfect lyfe and innocencie The authoritie of the Druides increased by meanes whereof theyr authoritie dayly so farre foorth increased that finally iudgements in moste doubtfull maters were committed vnto their determinations offenders by theyr discretion punished and suche as had well deserued accordingly by theyr appoyntments rewarded Moreouer suche as refused to obey theyr decrees and ordinaunces were by them excommunicate so that no creature durste once keepe companie with such till they were reconciled agayne cleerely by the same Druides assoyled Plinie Cornelius Tacitus Strabo and Iulius Cesar with diuers approued Authours make mencion of these Druides signifying how the first beginning of their religion was in Brytaine which some comprehende all wholly vnder the name of Albion and from thence was the same religion brought ouer into Fraunce Finnanus was not onely praysed for his setting foorth of that Heathen religion but also for his politike gouernment of the estate in ioyfull reste quietnesse Neyther was his fame a little aduaunced for the mariage concluded and made betwixt his sonne Durstus and Agasia daughter to the kyng of Brytains for by that aliaunce he wanne diuers of the Bryttish nation vnto his friendship Finally this Finnanus died at Camelon beyng come thither to visite the kyng of Pictes as then sore diseased after hee had raigned about the space of a .xxx. yeares His bodie was conueyed vnto Berigonium and there buried amongst his predecessours With these and the semblable inordinate practises he procured the indignation of his people so farre foorth agaynst him A conspiracie that those of the westerne Isles with them of Cantyr Lorne Argile and Rosse conspyred togither in the reformation of suche disorders as were dayly vsed in the administration of iustice by the wicked suggestion of euill disposed councellours against whom they pretended to make theyr warre and not against theyr king There were so many also that fauoured them in this quarrell A craftie and cloked dissimulation and so fewe that leaned to the king to ayde him against them that he was constreyned to dissemble with them for a tyme in promising not onely to remoue from him suche as they woulde appoint but also to be ordered in all things according as they shoulde thinke good And to put them in beliefe that hee ment as hee spake he coÌ„mitted some such counsellours as hee had aboute him vnto warde and other some of whome he little passed he sense vnto them as prysoners to receyue such punishmeÌ„t by death or otherwise as they should thinke conuenient He further also in presence of Doro the gouernour of Cantyr sente to him for that purpose Craftie dissimulation sware in solempne wise afore the image of Diana to performe all suche promises and couenantes as he was agreed vpon and had made vnto the conspiratours With whiche cloked dissimulation they being deceyued came without suspect of further guile vnto Berigonium where at their firste comming he was readie to receyue them as seemed by his fayned countenance with gladsome harte and moste friendly meanyng but they were no sooner entred the Castell but that a number of armed menne appointed for the purpose A cruell â—â—â—ther fell vpon them and slewe them all without mercie This haynous act being once signified abrode in their countreys amongst their friendes and kinsfolke A new tumult caused a new commocioÌ„ so that within a fewe dayes after many thousandes of men in furious rage came before the castell King Durstus besieged and besieged the king moste straitly therein Who perceyuing himselfe in suche daunger as he knewe not well howe to escape came foorth with suche companie as he had about him and encountring with his enimies was straight wayes beaten downe amongst them Durstus is slayne and so at once loste there bothe kingdome and life in the .ix. yeare of his raygne Durstus being thus dispatched his children doubting the indignation of the people conceyued agaynst them for theyr fathers faulte to auoyde the peril â–ª fledde ouer into Ireland and immediatly the Nobles of the Realme assembled themselues togither for the choosing of a newe king in no wise minding to haue any of Durstus his race to raygne ouer them least they woulde seeke by some meanes to reuenge his death howbeit at length when they were at poynt to haue fallen at variaunce in susteyning of contrarie opinions aboute the election of their Prince through a wittie oration made by Coranus gouernour of Argile who alledged many weightie reasons for the auoyding of sedition they all agreed to committe the free election vnto the same Coranus promising firmely to accept whome so euer hee shoulde name Hereupon Coranus consulting a little with the peares of the Realme named one Ewyn the vncles sonne of Durstus Ewyn is chosen king who as then remayned in Picte lande whither hee had withdrawen himselfe in Durstus his dayes beyng banished the realme by him for that he coulde not away with his corrupt maners This election was acceptable to all estates for that thereby the administration of the kingdome continued in the lyâ—â— of theyr former kings ANd Ewin shortly after was brought foorth of Pict lande with al regall solempnitie and at Berigonium placed vpon the stone of Marble to the great reioysing of the people there assembled Herewith also the nobles of the realme putting theyr hands in his bound themselues by othe to be loyall and faithfull subiectes vnto him in all points Swearing of fealtie firste begonne which custome of swearing fealtie then firste by Ewins commaundement begon and continued many hundred of yeares after amongst his and their posteritie in somuch that the Captaines of the Trybes also required the same kinde of othe of them that inhabited within theyr liberties whiche in parte remayneth yet vnto this day amongst those of the Westerne Isles and suche as inhabite in the mountaynes For at the creation of a new gouernour whom they name theyr Captaine they vse the like ceremonies whiche being ended at the nexte fayre kept within that countrey proclamatioÌ„ is made that no man inhabiting within his iurisdiction shall name this newe gouernour by any other name from thenceforth than by the auncieÌ„t and accustomed name as suche rulers aforetime haue bene called by And that so ofte as they heare him named Humble reuerence they shall put off theyr cappes or hattes and make a certaine curtesie in signe of honour due to him in suche maner as we vse in hearing diuine seruice wheÌ„ any holy misterie is in doing or any sacred name of the almightie creatour recited But now touching king Ewyn his chiefest studie was to mainteyne iustice throughout his dominion The dutie of a good Prince and to weede out suche transgressers as went aboute to trouble the quiet estate of his subiectes Ewyn consenting quickly to that request leuied an armie foorthwith and with all speede passed forward to ioyne with the Pictes in purpose to reuenge the olde iniuries
forces both of the Scots Pictes and Brytaynes that many a day after they were not able to recouer againe their former estates or dignities The yeare also that these three nations encouÌ„tred thus cruelly togither was after the byrth of our Sauiour 542. 542. 8. H.B. the .xxvj. of Arthurs raigne ouer the Brytaynes and the .xj. of Eugenius his gouernment ouer the Scottish men Straunge and ynketh wonders The same yeare before the battaile were sene many straunge sightes in Albion Grasse and hearbes in Yorkeshyre appeared to bee steyned with bloud Neare vnto Camelon a Cowe brought forth a Calfe with two heades Also an Ewe brought forth a lambe that was both male and female The sunne appeared aboute noone dayes al wholy of a bloudie colour The element appeared full of bright Starres to euery mans sight continually for the space of two dayes togither In Wales there was a battaile betwixt Crowes Pies on the one side and Rauens on the other with such a slaughter of them as before that time had not bene heard of Eugenius rewardeth his souldiers But to proceed Eugenius king of the Scots at his returne from the battail gaue to those that had escaped with life and abid by him in the chief daunger of the fight many bounteous and large rewardes The sonnes and nearest kinsfolke of such as were slaine he also aduaunced vnto sundrie preferments of landes and liuings that they enioying the same might bee a witnesse in tyme to come of the good seruice of their auncesters shewed in defence of their king and countrey and also of his princely liberalitie in rewarding the same vpon their issue and progenie By whiche noble beneuolence hee wanne him suche loue amongest his people Eugenius gouerneth his people with clemencie that afterwardes it seemed howe hee gouerned the estate of his kingdome more by clemencie than by any rigour of lawes The Brytaynes immediately vpon knowledge had that Arthur was slaine crowned Constantine his successor in the Brytishe kingdome Constantine crowned king of Brytayne and for that there should remaine none amongst them aliue to make any claime to the same kingdome other than he with his issue or such as he shoulde appoynt to succeede him they cruelly murthered Mordreds children The cruelty of the Brytains in murthering the innocent children of Mordred in moste pitifull wise running vnto their mothers lap desceâ—â—ding hir to saue their lyues according to hir motherly dutie They were brought vp in Gawolane their grandfathers house and being thus made away The linage of Mordred clearly extinct the family lynage of their father the foresayd Mordred was vtterly therby extinguished The Saxons at the same tyme hauing aduertisement what losse the Brytaynes had sustayned not onely by the death of their most valiant king and chieftaine Arthur but also for the slaughter of such a multitude of their nation as died in the battail The Saxons returne into England and driue the Brytaynes into Wales they prepare a mightie name of shippes and passe ouer with the same into England where being landed they easily beat downe the Brytaynes and driue them with theyr king Constantine into Wales so recouering all that part of the land which Hengist sometymes held after his name was afterwards called EnglaÌ„d Some haue written how that after king Constantine had raigned certaine yeares in Wales his wife and children died Constantine forsaketh his earthly kingdome in hope of the heaueÌ„ly kingdome wherevpon weâ—…ing weary of this world he forsooke his earthly kingdome in hope of that other aboue and secretly departed into Ireland where applying himself for a time in ministring to the poore at length beeing knowne by the perswasion of a Monk he became one of his cote and profession Constantine entreth into religion Afterwardes being sent by the Bishop of the Dioces ouer into Scotland to instruct the people of that countrey in the true faith and articles of the christian religion Constantine sent forth of Irelande into Scotlande is there murthered he there suffred martirdome by the hands of most wicked godlesse persons and was at leÌ„gth but many yeares after his death canonized a Saint and sundrie churches as are to be seene euen vnto this day built dedicated vnto him in Scotland by authoritie of the Bishops there The same time that the sayd CoÌ„stantine was dryuen into Wales Irmenrike or Iurmirike king of the Englishe men there raygned amongest the Englishe men one Iurmyrike the fifth as Bede hath from Hengist The same Iurmyryke thoughe hee were not Christened hymselfe Iurmirike concludeth a peace with the Scottish men and Pictes yet hee permytted the Christian fayth to bee preached amongest hys people and concluding a league with the Scottish men and Picts kept the same inuiolate during his life time most sincerely The Scottish king Eugenius also lyued in peace the residue of hys lyfe wythout any trouble eyther by forrayne enimies or intestine sedition Eugenius the Scottish King dyeth and at length dyed in the 38. yeare of hys raigne and after the byrth of our Sauiour .569 568. H.B. This Crosse was of siluer with a Crucifix thereon and letters grauen in a plate fastened to the staffe conteyning these two wordes Christianorum gloria Crosses set vppon the tops of steeples He commaunded also that the signe of the Crosse should be set vpon the toppes of Steeples and on the highest towers of the gates of Castels and townes Moreouer he forbad the Crosse to bee grauen or paynted vpon any pauement least any man should irreuerently treade vpon it Furthermore he had priestes and other religious men in such honor Conuals deuotion towardes Kirkmen as nothing could be more appointing them to haue the tenthes of all those fruites which the earth yeelded Sundrie ordinances hee made also for the grieuous punishment of all such as in any wyse misused a Priest or other religious person as he that gaue any of them a blowe should loose hys hande for it and he that slue one of them shoulde forfeyte his gooddes and be brent quiâ—…ke Againe he bestowed many riche iewels Conuals liberalitie towardâ—… Churches and gaue diuerse great giftes vnto Churches prouiding the ministers of sufficient liuings and appoynted that they shoulde haue theyr houses neare vnto theyr Churches to bee readie to execute that which apperteyned to theyr offices when anye neede requyred The king beeing thus vertuously disposed caused the whole number of his subiectes by his ensample to be the better affectioned towards the aduauncement of religion The report and fame wherof moued that holy man Saint Colme or Colombe Saint Colme commeth ouer forth of Ireland into Scotlande to come ouer forth of Irelande where hee had the gouernaunce of sundrie houses of Monks with twelue other vertuous persons into Albion and there gathering togither a great number of Monkes being here and there dispersed abrode in the Countrey â—…ee placed
them to vtter destruction Malcolme sonne to king Donald was appointed by king Constantine to haue the leading of the Scottishe army Malcolme is made chief generall of the armie conteyning the number of twentie thousande men The same Malcolme also at the same time was created beyre apparant of the realme He is created also heyre apparant The Earle of Cumberland beyre apparaÌ„t to the king of Scots The Scots and Danes ioyne theyr powers togither hauing Cumberland of signed vnto him for the mayntenaunce of his 〈◊〉 And 〈◊〉 then it was ordeyned that he whiche should succeede to the crowne after the kings deceasse shoulde euer away 〈◊〉 â—…ince Malcolme ioyning his 〈◊〉 with Aualasse and Godfrey who had assembled in 〈◊〉 maâ—… a mightie hoste of Danes thâ—… all together brake into the English 〈…〉 no hinde of They began a cruell warre crueltie that 〈…〉 the people without aâ—… pitiâ—… 〈…〉 in all places where they 〈◊〉 to the 〈…〉 the EnglishmeÌ„ moued with the slaughter of theyr kinsfolkes and frâ—…ndes should come foâ—…rth into the field to giue batayle supposing they should not be able to withstande the force of the Danes and Scottishmen nowe ioyned in one army togither But the more vilaâ—…ie they shewed in theyr 〈◊〉 the sooner were they punished for the same Adelstane base sonne vnto king Edward For Adelstane the base sonne of king Edward whom the Englishmen has chosen to succede an gouernment of their kingdome after his fathers deceasse with al speade sought to be reuenged of such 〈◊〉 doings Wherevpon getting togither an army Adelstane came against the Scottes 9370 he encountred with them at a place called Braningfield or Brimenburgh in Iulie Anno 〈◊〉 where the Englishmen at the firste of purpose gaue some thing broke as though they had fled which maner when the Danes and Scottes behelde The Scots and Danes out of order supposing the Englishmen had fledde in deede they began to pursue amayne leauyng theyr order of batayle eche of them striuing who might be the formost The Englishmen according to the order appoynted to them by theyr Captaines sodenly fell into array againe and fiercely returning vpon they enimies The Scots and Danes ouerthrowen brâ—…t them downe in great numbers and so atteined a most triumphant victorie They did in this mortall batayle many thousands of Danes ScottishmeÌ„ The nobilitie weÌ„t to wrach but chiefly the Scottish nobilitie bought the bargaine most deare who choosing rather to die in the fielde than to suffer rebuke by dishonorable flight it came so to passe that fewe of them escaped There died on that side as some wryte 20000. men in this bataile togither with Wilfere king of the Euentes Hanwall king of Brytons and .vij. Dukes that came to help the Scottes and Danes Adelstane take Northumberland Athelstane by good aduise following the victorie mind into Northumberland and finding the countrey dispurneyed of menne of warre he easily made a full conquest thereof hauing all the holdes and fortresses deliuered into his bandes Then without further delay he passed into Westmerland Westmerland CumberlaÌ„d recouered and after into Cumberland when the inhabitants of bothe those regions 〈◊〉 forced and bare headed in tâ—…â—…en of moste humble submission yeelded themselues vnto him promising from thencefoorth to continew his faithfull subiectes Malcolme escaped his hurtes In the meane 〈…〉 Malcolme escaped his hurtes A councel callad by Constantine Constaâ—… the becommeth a Chanon in the yeare of our Sauiour 942. 943. and in the xl yeare of his owne reygne as Hector Boetius saith but it he did thus forsake the worlde and entred into religion immdediatly after the batayle sought at Broningfielde or Brunenburgh for so we finde it named by come wryters then muste needes be afore this supposed 〈◊〉 alledged by the same Boetius M. VVestm for that batayle was fought Anno .937 as the beste approued amongest our Englishe wryters do report so that it shoulde rather seeme that ConstaÌ„tine refused in deede to deale with the gouernment of the realme about the same yeare of our Lord .937 of shortly after and that Malcolme gouerned as Regent and not as king whilest Contantine liued who departed this life after he had coÌ„tinued in the Abbey of S. Andrewes a certayne time in the foresayd yeare .943 falling in the .xl. yeare after he first beganne to reygne 943. He was first buried in the church there amongst the Bishops Constantine died but afterwards he was taken vp traÌ„slated vnto Calmekill where he had a tumbe set ouer him as was conuenient for the memory of his name In the .xxxvj. yeare of his reygne there were twoo monsruous creasures borne in Albion the one amongst the Danes being an Hermophrodyte A monster that is to wifte a childe with bothe sexes hauing the head lyke a swyne the breste standing foorth more in resemblance than the common shape of man a fatie belly with feete lyke a goose leeges lyke a man full of bryssels and a very euill fauoured thing to beholde The other was borne in Northumberlande An other moÌ„ster onely hauing 〈…〉 Two contrary willes in this Monster 〈…〉 steepe the rather woulde wake when the one requyred we haue meâ—…te the other passed for none at all Oftentymes woulde they chydes brault togither in somuche that at knight they fell 〈◊〉 sawe at variauncâ—…e that they did beate and râ—…uft ryther at her right pytifully with theyr nayles At length the one with long sickenesse wearyng away and finally deceassing One part died before the other the other was not able to abide the greeuous smell of the dead carcase but immediatly after died also Aboute the same tyme there issued foorth a fountayne of bloude out of the side of a mountayne in Galloway Bloud 〈◊〉 out of an 〈◊〉 and flowed in greate abundaunce for the space of seuen dayes togither so that all the ryuers there aboute whereof there is great store in that countrey had theyr waters mixed with bloude and rennyng into the sea caused the same to seeme bloudie certaine miles distant from the shore What was ment by these wonders These prodigous fightes put menne in greate feare for that deuinours did interprete the same to signifie some great bloudshedde to fall vpon the Scots shortly after They were also the better beleeued for that within a whyle after that greate ouerthrow happened at Bronyngfielde as before is specified Ambassadours sent vnto Malcolme Shortly after came Ambassadours from Athelstane vnto Malcolme to moue meanes for a peace to be concluded betwixt the Scottishe and English nations according to the articles of the old league Whiche motion was ioyfully heade of Malcolme though he set a countenaunce of the mater as though hee passed not whether hee had warre or peace but in the ende for that as he sayde peace was moste necessarie for all partes he shewed himselfe willing to haue the
highly rewarded for their paynes trauayle therein sustayned being exempt from charges of goyng forth into the warres and also of all maner of payments belonging to publike dueties as tributes and suche like The body of king Duffe honorably buried These things being thus ordered the body of king Duffe was takē vp and in most pompous maner conueyed vnto Colmekill accompanied all the way by Culene and a great multitude of Lordes both spirituall and temporal with other of the meaner estates There be y t haue written how his bodie though it had layne .vj. moneths vnder the groūd was nothing empayred eyther in colour or otherwise when it was taken vp but was founde as wholle and sound as though it had bene yet aliue the skarres of the woundes onely excepted Meruaylous things are seene But to proceede so soone as it was brought aboue the groūd the ayre began to cleare vp and the sunne brake foorth shining more brighter than it had bene seene afore time to any of the beholders remembrance And that which put men in most deepe cōsideration of al was the sight of manifold flowers which sprang forth ouer all the fieldes immediatly therevpon cleane contrary to the time season of the yeare Within a fewe yeares after there was a bridge made ouer the water in the same place where the bodie had bene buried a village builded at the one end of the bridge whiche is called vnto this day Kyllflos Killflos that is to say the church of flowers taking that name of the wonder there happened at the remouing of the kings bodie as the same authours woulde seeme to meane But there is now or was of late a rich abbey standing with a right fayre church cōsecrate in the honour of the virgine Marie Monstrous sightes also that were seene within the Scottishe kingdome that yeare were these Horses eate their owne fleshe horses in Lothian being of singuler beautie and swiftnesse did eate their owne flesh would in no wise taste any other meate In Angus there was a gentlewoman brought forth a childe without eyes nose hande or foote A monstrous childe A sparhauke strangled by an Owle There was a Sparhauke also strangled by an Owle Neither was it any lesse wonder that the sunne as before is sayd was continually couered with clowdes for .vj. moneths space But all mē vnderstood that the abhominable murder of king Duffe was the cause hereof whiche being reuenged by the death of the authours in maner as before is sayde Culene was crowned as lawfull successour to the same Duffe at Scone with all due honour and solemnitie in the yeare of our Lord .972 after that Duffe had ruled the Scottish kingdome about the space of foure yeares 972. The Danes came to the riuer of Tay. From thence the army of the Danes passed through Angus vnto the riuer of Tay all the people of the countreys by the whiche they marched fleing afore them King Kenneth at the same time lay at Sterlyng where hearing of these grieuous newes King Kenneth gathered a great armie determined foorthwith to reyse his people and to go against the enimies The assemble of the Scottishe army was appointed to be at the place where the riuer of Erne falleth into the riuer of Tay. Here when they were come togither in great numbers at the day appointed the day next following woorde was brought to the king that the Danes hauing passed ouer Tay They lay siege before Bertha were come before the towne of Bertha and had layde siege to the same Then without further delay he raysed with the whole armie and marched streight towardes his enimies comming that night vnto Loncarte a village not farre distant from the riuer of Tay famous euer after by reason of the batayle fought then neare vnto the same The Danes hearing that the Scottes were come detracted no time but foorthwith prepared to giue battayle King Kenneth set his men in aray Kenneth as soone as the sunne was vp beholding the Danes at hand quickly brought his armie into order Then requyring them earnestly to shewe theyr manhood he promiseth to releasse them of all tributes and payments due to the kings cofers for the space of fiue yeares next ensuyng and besides that he offered the summe of tenne pound or els landes so muche woorth in value to euery one of his armie that should bring him the head of a Dane The king exhorted the Scottes vnto valiantnesse He willed them therefore to fight manfully and to remember there was no place to attaine mercie for eyther muste they trie it out by dinte of swoorde or els if they fledde in the ende to looke for present death at the enimies handes who would not ceasse till time they had founde them foorth into what place so euer they resorted for refuge if they chanced to be vanquished The Scots being not a litle encouraged by the kings woordes kepte their order of bataile according as they were appointed stil loking when the onset should be giuen The order of the Scottishe batayle aray Malcolme Duffe prince of Cumberland led the right wing of the Scots Duncane lieutenāt of Atholl the left king Kenneth himself gouerned the battell The enimies on the other parte had taken theyr ground at the foote of a litle moūtaine right fore aneynst the Scottish campe The Danes had the aduantage of a litle mountayne thus bothe the armies stoode ready araūged in the field beholding either other a good space till at length the Scots desirous of batayle and doubting lest the Danes would not come foorth vnto any euen grounde aduaunced forewarde with somewhat more haste than the case requyred The Scottes begin the batayle beginning the batayle with shotte and throwing of dartes right freshly The Danes being backed with the mountaine were constreyned to leaue the same and with al speede to come foreward vpon their enimies that by ioyning they mighte auoyde the daunger of the Scottishmens arrowes and dartes by this meanes therefore they came to hand strokes in maner before the signe was giuen on eyther parte to the batayle The fighte was cruell on bothe sides and nothing hindered the Scottes so muche as going about to cut off the heades of the Danes euer as they mighte ouercome them whiche maner being noted of the Danes and perceyuing that there was no hope of lyfe but in victorie they rushed foorth with suche violence vppon theyr aduersaries The twoo wings of the Scottes fledde that firste the righte and then after the lefte winge of the Scottes was constrayned to retyre and flee backe the middle warde stoutly yet keepyng theyr grounde but the same stood in suche daunger being now left naked on the sides that the victorie muste needes haue remayned with the Danes had not a renewer of the batayle come in time by the appointment as is to be thought of almightie God For as it chaunced
pardon for all offences passed of the king they did set him againe at libertie The king 〈…〉 This woman did thus make away hir husband the Earle of Menteith through instigation of an English man called Iohn Russell as by coniectures it was suspected namely for that refusing to marrie with any of the Scottish nobilitie she tooke the said Russell to husband Iohn Russel an English maÌ„ though in estate to be compared with hirs he was iudged a match farre vnmeete and therevpon constrayned to flee with him into Englande shee dyed there in great miserie About this time Pope 〈◊〉 the fourth of that name The feast of Corpus Christi instituted instituted the feast of Corpus Christi to be celebrated eche yeare in the Thursday after Trinitie Sunday The Carmelite Friers came at this tyme into Scotland The first comming of the Carmelite Friers and erected a Chappell of our Ladie without the walles of Saint Iohns towne which the Bishop of Dunkeld appoynted them therein to celebrate their seruice It was also sayde that in this season a Monk of Melrosse was admonished in a dream A part of the holy Crosse founde where he shoulde finde a part of the holy Crosse not farre from Peplis in Louthian enclosed in a Case engrauen wyth the tytle of Saint Nicholas And not farre from the same was lykewise founde a stone Cheste right cunningly wrought and engrauen wherein were founde certaine bones wrapped in silk but whose bones the same were it was not knowne As soone as the case was opened within the which the Crosse was included many myracles were wrought as it was then beleeued King Alexander for deuotion hereof buylded an Abbay in honor of the holy crosse An Abbey buylt in the same place where that peece of the crosse was so found In this Abbay afterwards there were Monks inhabiting of the order of the Trinitie Not long after the two kings of Englande and Scotlande met togither at Warke Castell accompanied with a great number of the nobles and gentlemen of both theyr Realmes As enteruiew Mathew Paris writeth that in the yere 1256 both king Alexander his wife came into England to visite king Henrie whom they found at Woodstocke as in the English chronicle fâ—…rther appareth for the redresse of certaine misorders committed betwixt the borderers Suche reformation also was here deuysed and recompence made on eyther syde that bothe the Realmes continued afterwardes in more perfect tranquilitie for a certayne space than euer was seene in anye Kinges dayes before that tyme. In this season was the Church of Glaskew finished in that perfection as it standes to bee seene at this day right sumptuously buylded for the most parte at the charges of William Byshop of that Sea who lyued not long after the finishing of the sayde worke 1262. In the yeare following whiche was the yeare after the byrth of oure Sauiour 1263. there fell a great dearth through both the realmes of Englande and Scotlande A great dearth by reason of the weate Haruest preceeding so that the corne and graine was quite marred and corrupted before it could be got beside the ground Acho king of Norway Acho King of Norway being informed how the Scottes were thus oppressed with samine and other miseryes by report of them that made the same more than it was in deede supposed to fynde tyme and occasion fytte for hys purpose to subdue them wholy to his dominion Herevpon preparing an armie and fleete of Shippes conuenient for such an enterprise hee landed with the same in the Westerne Iles on Lammas daye otherwyse called Petri Aduincula The westerne Iles vnder subiection of the Danes and Norwegians Those Iles continued vnder subiection of the Norwegians and Danes from King Edgars time vnto the dayes of this Acho. From thence the sayde Acho with a mightie power of his Danes Norwegians came ouer into Aran and Bute which are two Iles only at that time amongest all the residue were vnder the dominion of Scottes But Acho hauing quickly subdued them at his pleasure Acho landed in Albion in hope of more prosperous successe transported his whole armie ouer into Albion landed with the same on the next costes where after he had besieged the Castel of Ayre a certain time The Castel of Ayre besieged and wenâ—â— he tooke the same and began to waste and spoyle all the Countrey there aboutes K Alexanders purpose to enfeeble his enimies force King Alexander beeing sore astonyed with these newes for that he was yong and not able as it was doubted to resyst the force of his enimies enboldned vpon suche frequent victories as they had atchieued thought hest to prolong the time by colour of some treatie for a peace that waye to diminishe the enimyes forte by long soiourning in Campe withoute tryall of anye battayle Herevpon were Ambassadors sent vnto Acho Ambassadors sent to Acho. of the which one amongst them appoynted therto being well languaged and wise at their first comming before him spake in this maner Were it not that our King and Nobles of the Realme by an auncient custome obserued euen from the begynning doe vse fyrst to seeke redresse of all iniuryes receyued The oration of one of the Ambassadors before they offer to bee reuenged with the sworde ye shoulde not nowe beholde Orators sent vnto you to talke of concorde but a mightie armie in ordinaunce of battayle comming towardes you to giue the onset We are of that opinion that we neuer get so muche gaynes by victorie of the enimies no though they haue robbed and spoyled our confines Peace to be preferred before warres but that we account it muche better to haue peace if wee maye haue restitution of wrongs done to vs by some maner of honest meanes For what greater follye may be than to seeke for that by fyre and sworde which may be purchased with fayre and quyet wordes Neuerthelesse when our iust desires and reasonable motions are refused of the enimyes when we finde them not wylling to haue peace Wherefore warres ought to be moued for the obteyning wherof all warres ought to be taken in hande but rather that their onely seeking is to haue warres not respecting the quarell wee are readie to rise wholy togither in reuenge of such coÌ„tempt with all possible speed and violence against our aduersaries The cause of their message We are sent therfore from our King and Soueraigne to enquyre what occasion you haue thus to inuade his Realme and Subiects in violating that peace and league whiche hath beene obserued and kept betwixt vs and your Nation the space of this hundred yeares and not onely to take from him hys two Iles of Bute and Aran but also to inuade the mayne lande of hys Dominions wyth suche crueltie as neyther consideration of age or person seemeth to be had but that women children and feeble olde persons
so fought at sundry times in his support against the enimies with prosperous successe til at leÌ„gth hauing to much confidence in fortunes fauour whiche hathe broughte so manye noble men to their deaths he waxed negligent and toke small regarde of daungers that myghte ensue so that in the ende he was inclosed by an ambushe layde for him by the enimies Iames Douglas slayne by the Sarasins in Spayne and there slayn amongst them with all suche as he had about him This was the ende of that noble Douglas one of the most valiant knightes that lyued in his days How often Iames Douglas had got the victorie He had gotten the victorie .lvij. sundry tymes in fight against the Englishmen .xiij. tymes againste the Turkes as it is written at length sayth Balentine in Scoticronicon He might haue bin right necessary for the defence of Scotland if his chance had bin to haue returned home in safetie He ended his life in maner as is before mencioned on the .xxvj. day of August 1330. King Dauid in the yeare of grace .1330 BVt now to procede in order with the victorie ye shal note y t after y e decease of K. Robert his sonne Dauid a childe vneth .vij. yeres of age was proclaimed king afterwardes crowned at Scone the .23 day of Nouember in the yere of our lord .1331 During y e time of his minoritie 1331. Erle Thomas RaÌ„dal was ordeined gouernor of y e realm who for the space of four yeres in the later ende of K. Erle Thomas Randall gouernoure of Scotland Roberts reigne had y e whole administration of things coÌ„mitted to his charge by the same king for that by reason of sicknes he was not able to atteÌ„d y e same himself This Erle Thomas then beeing elected gouernour by the generall consent of al the nobles of the realm coÌ„sidred with himself how necessarie it was for the people to continue in peace till they had somewhat recouered their hynderance and losses chaÌ„ced to them by the former warres He addressed therfore certaine ambassadors immediatly after the death of king Robert vnto the king of Englande Ambassadours sent into England to require a new confirmation of the peace betwixt both the realmes for a season These ambassadours founde the king of England easy ynough to be intreated for the graunt of their suite so that a generall truce was taken for the space of .iij. yeares In that meane tyme A truce for three yeares Erle Thomas applied his whole studie for the mayntenance of iustice and equitie thorow the whole realme not omiting yet to appoint order that menne shoulde be prouided of armoure and weapon for defence of the countrey if necessitie so requested Moreouer for the better proofe of exercysing Iustice amongest them that coueted to lyue by truthe and to haue more readie occasion to punishe other that ment the contrarie he commanded y e saddles and brydles with all other such instruments and stuffe as perteined to husbandry A meane to haue iustice executed shoulde be left abroade both day and night withoute the dores and if it chaunced that anye of them were stollen or taken awaye the Sheriffe of the shyre shoulde eyther cause the same to be restored agayne or else to paye for it on hys owne purse Finally suche punishment was exercised against theeues in all places Punishment of theeues that both thefte and pickerie were quite suppressed and the Realme broughte to more tranquillitie than euer it was in any kings dayes before Many insolent and misruled persons wer tamed by his seuere chastisement and iustice Also that vertue might be cherished within the realme A laudable ordinaÌ„ce against vagarant persons he commaunded that no vagabunde nor ydle person should be receiued into any towne or place except they had some craft or science wherwith to get their lyuing By this means he purged the realm of Scotlande of many idle and slouthfull roges and vagabundes It is saide that during the tyme whylest such straight punishment was exercised against offendors by the ministers of the lawes therto by him auctorised assigned it fortuned that a carle of the countrey bicause he durst not steale other mens goodes stale his owne plough yrons y t he might haue the value of them recoÌ„penced to him by the Sheriffe Neuerthelesse such earnest diligence was vsed in the serche and triall who had the plough yrons that finally the trouth came to light Vpright iustice whervpon for his craftie falshood the partie giltie was hanged as he had well deserued The gouernor himself for y t he saw how hard it was to reduce them that had bin brought vp in slouthfull loytering vnto honest exercise helpe euer aboute him a guarde of warlyke persons that he myght the more easily oppresse all stubborne offenders which would not submit themselues to his commaundementes Those that appeared before him vppon summonance giuen Iustice tempered with mercie had fauorable iustice tempered with muche mercie ministred vnto them King Edwarde cometh the felicitie of Scots Through suche rigorous iustice no rebellion was hearde of within the realme of Scotlande many yeares after so that suche tranquillitie folowed that not only theeues and loytering limmers were daunted but the realme also aduaunced in wealth and riches to the greate terrour of all the foes and enimies therof King Edward aduertised of this great felicitie chaunced to the Scottes by this meanes began to enuie the same and imagined with hymselfe that if Erle Thomas the auctor of y e same felicitie were dispatched out of the way it shuld not onely impeache the proceeding of so greate wealth to the Scots but also make for the suretie of the realme of Englande for the singular manhood and high prowes of this Erle was by him and other his nobles sore suspected He thought good therfore to attempt the thing by sleight that myght not be done by force that afterwards the realme of Scotlande myght bee the more enfeebled King Edwards purpose to destroy Earle Thomas as the Scottes do vnto But this is a kinde of practise amongst men 〈◊〉 forge slanderous reports 〈◊〉 â—…ring princes in coÌ„tempt and as it were made open to receyue displeasure at his handes For king Dauid was yong and many of his nobles bare small good will towards either hym or his house for the slaughter of their fathers and frendes in the blacke parliament Herevpon he deuised whiche way hee myght best destroy Erle Thomas the only confounder of all his imagined hope as to atchieue any luckie enterprise against the Scots At lengthe hee deuised to dispatche hym by poyson and after hee hadde long debated by whome he mighte worke â–ª that feate fynally hee founde none so fitte for his purpose as a Monke of the order and facultie of those that wandring from place to place can with dissembling visage say that thing with mouthe whiche they neuer thought in heart for oftentimes men of
dayes of this king Dauid within the bounds of Albion Straunge wonders In the .xvj. yeare of his raigne Crowes Rauens and Pyes in the Winter season brought foorth theyr broode and ceassed in the Sommer and Spring tyme contrarie to theyr kynde All the Yewes in the countrey the same yeare were barren and brought no lambes Yewes barren There was such plentie of Myse and Rattes both in houses and abrode in the fieldes that they might not be destroyed In the .xxvij. Great rayne yeare of hys raigne the Riuers and other waters rose on suche heigth throughe aboundaunce of rayn◅ that fell in the latter ende of Haruest Great rayne that breaking foorth of theyr common Chanelles wyth theyr violent streame manye houses and townes were borne downe and destroyed About thys tyme lyned diuerse notable Clerkes as Iohn Duns of the order of Saint Francis Richard Middleton and William Ocham Iohn Duns with other King Dauid beeing thus deade and buryed The assemble of the Lordes for the election of a new king the Nobles assembled at Lythquo aboute the election of hym that shoulde succeede in hys place The greater part of the Nobilitie and suche as were of the sounder iudgement agreeed vpon Robert Stewarde William Erle of Dowglas claymeth the crowne but William Erle of Dowglas being come thither with a great power claimed to be preferred by right of Edwarde Ballyoll and the Cumyn which right he pretended to haue receyued of them both and there ought to be no doubt as he alledged but that the crowne apperteined by iust title vnto them as all the world knewe and therfore sith he had both their rightes he mainteyned that he was true and indubitate inheritour to the crowne It appeared that the sayde Earle Dowglas purposed to vsurpe the Crowne by force if hee might not haue it by friendly and quiet meanes But neuerthelesse he was disappointed of his purpose by reason that George Earle of March and Iohn Dunbar Earle of Murrey with the Lorde Erskyne and others of whose friendly furtherance hee thought himselfe assured gaue theyr voyces with the Stewarde assysting his side to their vttermost powers He resigneth his right to the Stewarde The Dowglas perceyuing hereby that hee should not be able to mainteyne his quarel resigned therevpon his pretensed title which in effect was of no importāce nor worthy the discussing Moreouer that the fyrmer amitie and friendship might continue and bee nourished betwixt this King Robert and his subiect the Earle of Dowglas aforesayde it was accorded that Eufame eldest daughter to king Robert should be giuen in maryage to Iames sonne to the Earle of Dowglas aforesayde The first comming of the Stewardes to the Crowne Thus ye may perceyue how the Stewardes came to the crown whose succession haue enioyed the same vnto our time Queene Mary mother to Charles Iames that now raigneth being the viij person from this Robert that thus first atteyned vnto it He had to wife at the time of his atteyning to the crowne Eufame daughter to y e Erle of Ros by whō he had two sonnes Walter and Dauid But before he was maried to hir Elizabeth Mure king Roberts concubine he kept one Elizabeth Mure in place of his wife and had by hir three sonnes Iohn Robert and Alexander with diuerse daughters of the which one was maried to Iohn Dunbar Erle of Murrey and an other to Iohn Leon Lord of Glames The Erledome of Murrey continued in possession of the Dunbars onely during the lyfe of this Erle Iohn and his sonne in whom the succession failed touching the name of the Dunbars How the Dowglasses came to the Erledome of Murrey in the inioying of that Erledome for leauing a daughter behinde him that was maryed to the Dowglas the same Dowglas came by that meanes to the sayd Erledome of Murrey King Robert after his coronation made sundrie Erles Lordes Barons and Knightes Amongst other Iames Lindsey of Gle◅uish was made Erle of Crawford His wife Queene Eufame deceassed the third yeare after hir husband atteyned the crowne Eufame the Queene deceasseth and then incontinently hee maryed Elizabeth Mure his olde lemman Elizabeth Mure maried to K. Robert to the ende that the children which he had by hir might be made legitimate by vertue of the matrimonie subsequent Not long after by authoritie of a Parliament assembled he made his eldest sonne Iohn The preferment of the kings sonnes to dignitie begotten on Elizabeth Mure aforesayde Erle of Carrik his second sonne begottē on hir Erle of Menteith and Fife and his third sonne Alexander begotten likewise on the same mother he created Earle of Buchquhane and Lorde of Badzenocht Hys eldest sonne Walter begotten on Eufame his fyrst wyfe was made Earle of Atholl and Lorde of Brechin his seconde sonne Dauid begotten on the same Eufame was made Earle of Stratherne The sayde Walter procured the slaughter of Iames the first for that hee pretended a right to the crowne as after shall appeare Shortly after An Act for succession of the Crowne he called another Parliament at Perth where it was ordeyned that after the death of King Robert the crowne should discend vnto Iohn his eldest sonne and to his issue male and for default thereof vnto Robert his seconde sonne and to his heyres male and for default of such heyres to Alexander his thirde sonne and to his heyres male And in default of them to remayne to his sonne Walter begotten on Eufame his wife and to the heyres male of his body begotten and if suche succession fayled then it shoulde discende vnto his yongest sonne Dauid the Erle of Stratherne and to his heyres generall eyther male or female and all the Nobles of the Realme were sworne to perfourme this newe ordinance touching the succession to the Crowne and that in most solemne maner About this time The borderers desirous of warre the borderers which are men euer desirous of warres and trouble to the ende they may apply their Market wherby they most chiefely liue that is to witte reife and spoyle of their neighbours goodes through enuie of long peace and quietnesse vpon a quarell pyked slue certaine of the householde seruauntes of George Earle of Dunbar at the Fayre of Roxbourgh Roxbourgh Fayre which as then the English men helde Earle George sore offended herewith sent an Heralde vnto the Earle of Northumberlande Warden of the Englishe Marches requyring that suche as had committed the slaughter might bee deliuered to receyue according to that they had deserued But when hee coulde get nought but dilatorie answeres full of derision rather than importing any true meaning he passed ouer his displeasure tyll more oportunitie of tyme might serue The truce violated In the yeare following agaynste the nexte Fayre to be holden at Roxbourgh aforesayde the sayd Erle of March with his brother the Erle of Murrey gathered a power of men secretely togither Roxbourgh surprised
sometyme let fal againe with a sway downe vpō the pauement After this beeing brought to an open place where moste resort of people was they crowned him with an hote Iron for that as was sayde a Witche had tolde him The prophecie of a Witche that before hys death he shoulde be crowned openly in sight of the people Through whose illusion being deceyued hee lyued vnder vayne hope to attaine the Crowne dyrecting all hys ymaginations to compasse the meanes thereto Thus was hee serued on the fyrst day On the second he was drawne with his complyces layde on Hyrdels rounde about the towne at an horse tayle The thirde day hys belly was rypt and his bowelles taken forth and throwne in the fyre flickering before hys eyes and then was hys heart pulled forth of his bodie and throwne likewise in the fire and last of all his heade was cut off and his bodie deuided in foure quarters Robert Stewarde executed His nephew Robert Stewarde was not altogither so cruelly executed But Robert Graham for that it was knowne that he slue the king wyth his owne handes The ordering of Robert Grahams execution was put into a Carte the hande that did the deede being fastened to a payre of Gallowes whiche were reared vp in the same Carte and then were three persons appointed to thrust him through in all partes of his bodie wyth hote Irons beginning firste in those places where it was thought no hastye death woulde thereof ensue as in the legges armes thighes and shoulders and thus was hee caryed through euery streete of the towne and tormented in most miserable wise and at length had his belly ript and was bowelled and quartered as the other were before Christofer Clawn also Christopher Clawn and other that were of counsayle in the conspiracie were putte to moste shamefull kyndes of deathes as they had iustlye deserued fewe or none lamenting theyr case In the dayes of King Iames the first Straunge sightes sundrie straunge and monstruous things chaunced in Scotland At Perth there was a Sowe that brought forth a lytter of Pygges with heades lyke vnto Dogges Pigges with heades like to Dogges A Cow also brought forth a Calfe A Calfe with a heade like a Colte hauing a head like a Colt In the Haruest before the Kings death A blasing starre a blasing Starre was seene wyth long streaming beames And in the Winter following A great frost Ale and wine sold by pound weight the frost was so vehement that Ale and Wine were solde by pounde weight and then melted agaynst the fire A sworde was seene glyding vp and downe in the ayre A sword seene in the ayre to the no lesse dreade than wonder of the people This Iames at his comming to mans state proued a stoute Prince The daughter of the Duke of Gelderlād maried to Iames the seconde and maried the daughter of the Duke of Gelderlande as after shall appeare In the beginning he had some trouble and businesse by reason of the great authoritie and rule which the high Barons of the Realme sought to beare and maintaine as the Dowglasses and other but in the ende he subdued them all Shortly after his coronation bycause he was not of himselfe able to gouerne by reason of his tender age Sir Alexander Leuingston gouernour Sir William Creichton L. Chancellor the nobles and estates of the Realme chose sir Alexander Leuingston of Calender knight gouernor of the king and realme and sir William Creichton knight was confyrmed in his office to enioy the same as before he had done the king being committed to his keeping togyther with the Castell of Edenbourgh Archebald Erle of Dowglas remayned in his countreys of Dowglas Annardale Disobedience in the Dowglas and would neither obey-gouernor nor Chancellor whereby great trouble was raysed within the realme Within a short time also the gouernor and chancelor were deuided The gouernor with the Queene remayned at Striueling but the Chancelor had the K. still with him in the Castel of Edenburgh what the one cōmaūded to be done the other forbad wherby neither of them was obeyed nor any executiō of iustice put in practise so that through all the countrey reif spoyles and oppression were exercised without feare of punishment 1437 The Queene perceyuing such mischiefe to raigne throughout all parties of the realme deuised a meane to aduance the gouernors side and herevpon with a small companie repayred to Edenbourgh A policye wrought by the Queene where she to bring her purpose to passe did so muche by great dissimulation that she perswaded the Chācellor to suffer hir to enter the Castell and to remaine with the king but within three dayes after she feyned one morning to go on pilgrymage vnto the white Kirke and caused the king hir son to be handsomly couched in a Trounke as if he had beene some fa◅dell of hir apparell and so packed vp sent him by one of hir trustie seruauntes layde vpon a Sumpter horse vnto Lieth The king was conueyed vnto Striueling from whence he was conueyed by boat vnto Striueling where of the gouernor he was ioyfully receyued commending the Queene highly for hir politike working in deceyuing so wise a man as the Chauncelor was Then raysed hee a great power of his friendes and well willers and besieged the Chauncellor in the Castell of Edenbourgh The Byshop perceyuing in what daunger he stood through the womans deceyt sent to y e Erle of Dowglas desiring his assystaunce agaynste the Queene and gouernor But the Earle refused either to helpe the one or the other alledging that they were both ouer ambicious in seeking to haue the whole gouernment of the Realme in their handes The Chauncellor then perceyuing himselfe destitute of all helpe An agreement made made agreement with the gouernor vnder certain conditions that he should retaine still the Castell of Edenbourgh in hys possession and likewise continue still in his office of Chancellor The Earle of Dowglas departeth this life at Lestelricke 1439 Shortly after the Earle of Dowglas deceassed at Lestelrig in the yeare .1439 agaynst whō aswell the gouernor as Chancellor had conceyued great hatred He left behinde him a sonne begot of the Erle of Crawfords daughter named William a child of fourtene yeares of age who succeeded hys father in the Earledome of Dowglas appearing at the first to be well inclyned of nature but afterwardes by euill companie hee waxed wylde and insolent About this season Iames Stewarde sonne to the Lorde of Lorne maryed the Queene Dowager and sauoured the Earle Dowglas in his vnruly demeanor wherevpon both the sayd Iames and his brother William with the Queene The Queene imprisoned were committed to prison in the Castell of Striueling by the gouernors appoyntment but shortly after they were released by the sute of the lord Chancelor Sir William Creichton and Alexander Setō of Gurdun who became sureties for their good abearing
was slain and diuerse Barons on his side although the victorie and field remayned with his sonne the maister of Crawforde who succeeded his father and was called Earle Beirdy On the Erle of Huntleys syde were slaine Iohn Forbes of Petslege Alexander Berckley of Gartulye Robert Maxwell of Telyne William Gurdun of Burrowfielde Sir Iohn Oliphant of Aberdagie and fiue hundred more on theyr syde and one hundred of the victorers were also slaine as Hector Boetius hath Who likewise reporteth that the occasion of thys battayle dyd chaunce through the varyaunce that fell ouâ—…e betwixt the Earle of Crawfordes eldest sonne Alexander Lyndsey and Alexander Ogilbye or Ogiluie as some write him aboute the office of the Balifewike of Arbroth the which the Maister of Crawforde enioying was displaced and put out by the sayde Ogiluie Wherevpon the Maister of Crawforde to recouer his right as he tooke it got a power togither with helpe of the Hamiltons and with the same seased vpon the Abbay and Ogiluie with helpe of the Erle of Huntly came thither with an armie to recouer the place againe out of his aduersaries handes and so vpon knowledge hereof gyuen vnto the Earle of Crawforde he himselfe comming from Dundee vnto Arbroth at the very instant when the battails were readie to ioyne caused first his sonne to stay after calling forth sir Alexander Ogiluie to talke with him in purpose to haue made peace betwixt him his sonne was thrust into the mouth with a speare by a coÌ„mon souldier that knewe nothing what his demaundment so that he fel downe therewith and presently died in the place whervpon togither the parties went incoÌ„tinently without more protracting of time and so fought with such successe as before ye haue heard The Erle of Huntley escaped by flight but Alexander Ogiluie being taken and sore wounded was led to the castel of Fineluin where shortly after he died of his hurtes This battaile was fought the .xxiij. of Ianuarie 1445 The Castell of Edenburgh besieged in the yeare of our Lorde .1445 This yeare also or as Hector Boetius hath in the yere next insuing the castell of Edenburgh was besieged by the space of .ix. monethes by the king the Erle of Dowglas sir WilliaÌ„ Creichton being within it At length it was giuen ouer vpon certain coÌ„ditions the said sir William restored to the office of Chancellor againe but hee would not meddle with the ordering of the kings businesse staying for a time more conuenient Sir Iames Stewarde surnamed the blacke knight husband to the Queene the kings mother Iames Steward is banished the realme was banished the realme for speaking wordes against the misgouernment of the king realme wherwith he offended the Erle of Dowglas As he passed the seas towards Flanders He dyed he was takeÌ„ by the Flemings shortly after departed this life The queen his wife being aduertised of his death died also within a while after The Queene dyed 1446 was buried in the Charterhouse of Perth the .xv. of Iuly in y e yeare 1446. Hir name was Iane Somerset daughter to the Erle of Somerset Iames the first maried hir as before ye may reade in England She had by him .viij. childreÌ„ two sonnes .vj. daughters which were all honourably maried the first named Margaret to the Dolphin of Fraunce the seconde Eleanore to the Duke of Brytayne the thirde to the Lorde of Terueer in Zelande the fourth to the Duke of Austrich the fifth to the Earle of Huntley and the sixth to the Earle of Morton And by Iames Stewarde hir seconde husbande she had three sonnes Iohn Earle of Athole Iames Erle of Buchquhan and Androw Bishop of Murrey Soone after sir William Creichton with the Bishop of Dunkelde Nicholas Oterburn a Canon of Glasgâ—…w were sent in ambassade vnto the duke of Gelderland for his daughter called Marie King Iames maryed a daughter of Gelderland to be ioyned in mariage with K. Iames. Their suite was obteyned the Ladie sent into Scotland nobly accoÌ„panied with diuerse Lordes both spirituall and temporall At hir arryuall shee was receyued by the king with great triumph and the maryage solemnized by the assistaunce of all the Nobles of Scotland with great banketting ioyfull myrth and all pleasant intertainment of those strangers that might be 1447 In the yeare 1447. ther was a Parliament holden at Edenbourgh in the which sir Alexander Leuingston of Calender late gouernor Iames Dundas and Robert Dundas knightes aâ—… the pursuite of the Earle of Dowglas were forfalted and condemned to perpetuall prison in Dunbrytan and Iames Leuingston his eldest sonne Robert Leuingston Treasorer and Dauid Leuingston knights lost their heades Iames before his execution made a very wise oration to the standers by Iames Leuingston made an Oration declaring the instabilitie of fortune chauÌ„ge of court exhorting al persons to beware thereof sith enuye euer followed high estate and wicked malice neuer suffred good men to gouerne long W. Creichton condemned In the same Parliament sir William Creichton was also forfalted for diuerse causes but principally for that his seruants would not deliuer the house of Chreichton to the kings heralde who charged them so to do This forfalture was coÌ„cluded in parliament by vertue of an act which the saide William when he was Chancellor caused to be made so being the first inuenter was also the first against whom it was practised Incursions made 1448 The yeare next ensuing were sundris incursions made betwixt Scots and EnglishmeÌ„ on the borders Dunfreis was burnt and likewise Anwike in EnglaÌ„d but shortly after a truce was concluded for .vij. yeres great offers of friendship made by the English men for to haue the warres cease on that side bicause the warre betwixt theÌ„ Fraunce was very hotely pursued and ciuill dissention disquieted the state of EnglaÌ„d which was raysed betwixt y e two houses of LaÌ„caster York 1450 English men fetch booties 〈◊〉 of Scotlande The English borderers of the west Marches fetched a great bootie of cattell out of Scotlande notwithstanding the truce in reuenge whereof the Scots inuading England wasted the countrey burnt townes and villages slue the people and with a great praye of prisoners goodes and cattel The Sâ—…ntes made Englande returned home into Scotland Herewith followed dayly rodes and forrayes made on both sides betwixt the Scottes and English men and that with such rage and crueltie that a great part of Cumberland was in maner layde wast for on that side the Scots chiefly made their inuasions bycause that from thence the first occasion of all this mischiefe might seeme to haue had the beginning WheÌ„ such things were certified to the king of Englandes counsell an army was appointed forthwith to inuade ScotlaÌ„d vnder y e leading of the Earle of Northumberland A knight named Magnus of one Magnus surnamed redbeard a captain of great experience as he that had bene trayned
the whole worlde in so much as being as he thought in maner squised or prest to death with the heft of this huge monster he woulde haue departed with the whole substaunce of the worlde if he were thereof possest to be disburdened of so heauie a loade Vpon which wish he soddaynly awooke And as he bette his braynes in diuining what this dreame should import he bethought himself of the flocke committed to his charge howe that he gathered then fléeres yearely by receyuing the reuenue and perquisites of the Bishopricke and yet suffered his flocke to starue for lacke of preaching and teaching Wherefore being for his former flacknesse sore wounded in conscience he traueyled with all spéede to Rome where he resigned vp his Bishopricke a burden to heauie for his weake shoulders being vpon his resignation competently benificed he bestowed the remnaunt of his life wholly in denotion 1311. Iohanne Leche nephew to Haueriâ—…ges vpon the resignation was consecrated Archbishop This prelate was at contention wyth the Primas of Armach for their iurisdictioÌ„s insomuch as he did imberre the Primas froÌ„ hauing his crosse borne before him within the prouince of Leinster De priui excest pri c Archiep. which was contraâ—…e to the Canon law that admitteth the crosâ—… to beare the crosse before his Archbishop in an other prouince This man deceases in the yeare 1313. 1313. Alexander Bigenor was next Leche consecrated Archebishop with the whole consâ—…ne aswel of the chapter of Christ church as of S. Patrickes Howbeit vpon the death of Leche there arose a sysme and diuision betwéene Walter Thornebury L. CaÌ„celloure of Irelande Bigenor then theasâ—…rer of the same countrey The Cancellour to further his election determined to haue posted to 〈◊〉 but in y e way he was drowned w t the number of 156. passengers Bigenor staying in Irelande with lesse aduenture and better spéede with the consent of both the chapters was elected Archbishop And in the yere 1317. there came bulles from Rome to confirme the former election At which tyme the Archbishop and the Earle of Vlster were in Englande 1318. This prelate soone after returned L. Iustice of Irelande and soone after he had landed at Yoghyll he went to Dublyne where as well for his spirituall iurisdiction as his temporal promotion he was receyued with procession and great solemnitie 1320. In this man his tyme was there an Viâ—…et fifte fouÌ„ded in Dublin whereof M. William Rodyarde was chauncellour a well learned man and one that procéeded Doctor of the canon lawe in this Vniuersitie Bigenor deceased in the yeare .1349 1349. Iohanne de saint Paule was consecrated Archbishop vpon Bigenor his death He deceased in the yeare .1362 Thomas Mynot succéeded Iohanne 1363. dyed in the yeare 1376. Robert Wyckeford succéeded Thomas 1375. dyed in the yeare 1390. Robert Waldâ—…by succéeded Wykeforde 1390. This prelate was first an Augustine Fryer and a great Preacher and accompted a vertuous and sincere liuer He deceased in the yeare 1397. â—…chaâ—… Pâ—…thalis was remooued from an other Sée and chosen Archbishop of Dublyn 1397 â–ª wâ—… 〈◊〉 deceased the same yeare that he was elected Thomas Crauly an Englishe man succéeded â—…at the same yeare and came into Ireland in the companie of the Duke of Surrey This Archbishoppe was chosen L. Iustice of Ireland in the yere 1413. 1414. In whose gouernement the English did skirmish with the Irish in the countye of Kyldare néere Kilka The skirmish of Kylka where the English vanquished the enemie fiue and hundred of the Irishe during which 〈◊〉 the Archbishop being Lord Iustice went in procession with the whole cleargy in Tâ—…steldermot or Castledermot a towne adioyning to Kylka praying for the prosperous successe of the subiects that went to skirmishe with the enemie This prelate was of stature fall well â—…ed and of a sanguine complexion decâ—…ing hâ—… outwarde comlynesse with inwarde quantities For he was so liberall to the riche so charitable to the poore so déepe a clarcke so profounde a Doctor so sounde a Preacher so vertuous a liuer and so great a builder aâ—… he was not without good cause accompted the Phoenix of his time In daily talke as he was short so he was swéete Harde in promising bountifull in performing In the yere 1417. he sayled into England and ended his life at FaringdoÌ„ and was buried in New colledge at Oxford 1439. In the yere 1439. There hath bene one Richard Archbishop of Dubline and L. Iustice of Ireland before whom a Parliament was holden at Dublin in the xviij yeare of the reigne of king Henry the sixt 1460. In the yeare 1460. Walter was Archbishop of Dublin and deputie to Iasper Duke of Bedford lieuetenaunt of Ireland I found in an auncient register the names of certain bishops of Kyldare The Bishoppes of Kyldare that were in that sée since the tyme of S. Brigid the names of whome I thought good here to insert Lony was bishoppe in S. Brigides tyme which was about the yeare of our lord 448. 448. 2. Inor 3. Conly 4. Donatus 5. Dauid 6. Magnus 7. Richard 8. Iohn 9. Simon 10. Nicholas 11. Walter 12. Richard 13. Thomas 14. Robart 15. Bonifacius 16. Madogge 17. William 18. Galfride 19. Richard 20. Iames. 21. Wale 22. Baret 23. Edmunde Lane who flourished in the yeare 1518. There hath bene a worthy prelate canon by y e cathedrall church of Kildare named Maurice Iak Maurice Iak who among the rest of his charitable déedes builded the bridge of Kilcoollenne and the next yeare followyng 1319. The bridg of Kylcoollenne and Leighlinne he builded in lyke maner the bridge of Leighlinne to the great and daily commoditie of all such as are occasioned to trauaile in those quarters The lordes temporall as well English as Irishe which inhabite Ireland Chap. 6. GIrald fitz Girald Erle of Kildare This house was of the nobilitie of Florence came from thence to Normandy and so with Erle Strangbow his kinsmaÌ„ whose armes he giueth into Wales néere of bloud to Rise ap Griffin prince of Wales by Necta the mother of Maurice fitz Girald and Robart fitz stephannes with the sayd Earle Maurice fitz Girald remoued into Ireland in y e yeare 1169. 1169. The family is very properly toucht in a Sonet of Surreys made vpon the Erle of Kildares sister now Countesse of Lincolne From Tuscaâ—…e came my Ladies worthy race Fayre Florence was sometyme hir auncient seate The Westerne Isle whose pleasant shoare doth face Wâ—…ylde Cambers cliffes did gyue hir liuely heate Fastred she was with milke of Irish brest Hir sire an Earle hir dome of princes blouÌ„d From tender yeares in Britayne she doth rest With kinges childe where she tasteth costly foode Hunsdon did first present hir to mine eyne Bright is hir hew and Giraldine she hight Hampton me taught to wisheÌ„ hir first for myne And Wyndsor alas doth chase me from
inferre accuse and declare what euidence he coulde agaynst the Lorde Iustice but none came Then passed a decree by the Counsaile commaunding all Bishops Abbots Priors the Maiors of Dublyn Corke Lymerike Waterford and Droghdagh the Shirifes Knightes and Seneshals of euerie shire to appeare at Dublin From amongst all these they appointed .vj. inquisitors which examining the bishops other persons aforesayd singularly one by one found that with an vniuersal cōsent they deposed for the Prior affyrming that to their iudgments he was a zealous and a faithfull childe of the Catholike Church In the meane time Arnold le Poer the prisoner deceased in the Castel and bycause he stoode vnpurged long hee lay vnburied In the yeare .1329 1329 The Earle of Louth slaine Iohn de Birmingham Erle of Louth and his brother Peter with many other of that surname and Richard Talbot of Malahide were slain on Whitson euen at Balibragan by men of the Countrey The Lorde Butler slaine Also the Lord Thomas Butler and diuerse other noble men were slaine by Mac Gogoghdan and other Irish mē neare to Molinger for the Irish aswell in Leynister as in Meth made insurrections in that season and so likewise did they in Moūster vnder the leading of Obren whom William Erle of Vlster and Iames Erle of Ormond vanquished So outragious were the Leynister Irish that in one Church they brunt foure score innocent soules asking no more but the life of their priest thē at Masse whō they notwithstāding sticked with their Iauelins spurned the host wasted al with fire neither forced they of y e Popes interdictiō nor any ecclesiasticall censures denoūced against thē matters of no smal cōsideratiō amōg thē namely in those days but maliciously perseuered in y e course of their furious rage till the citizens of Wexford somwhat tamed thē slue .400 of thē in one skirmish y e rest fleeing were all drenched in the water of Slane In the yeare .1330 1330 the Earle of Vlster with a great army made a iourney agaynst Obren The Prior of Kilmaynam Lord Iustice and the prior of Kilmaynā Lord iustice put Maurice Fitz Thomas Erle of Desmond in prison in the Marshalsee out of the which he freely escaped and the Lord Hugh Lacie returned into Ireland and obteyned the kings peace and fauour In the yeare .1331 1331 the Earle of Vlster passed ouer into Englande and great slaughter was made vpon the Irish in Okensly Also the castell of Arclo was taken by the Irish men and great slaughter made of the Englishe in the Cowlagh by Otothell and other Also the Lorde Anthonie Lucie was sent ouer Lorde Iustice into Irelande Anthony Lucy Lord Iustice and great slaughter was made of the Irish at Thurlis by the knightes of the Countrey and at Finnath in Meth there were manye of them slaine by the English but yet was the Castell of Fernis taken and burnt by the Irish On the feast day of the Assumption of our Ladie which falleth on the .xv. of August The Earle of Desmond apprehended Maurice Fitz Thomas Erle of Desmond was apprehended at Limerike by the Lorde Iustice and sent vnto the Castell of Dublyn Moreouer the Lord Iustice tooke sir William Birmingham at Clomell by a wile whilest hee was sicke in his bed and sent him togither with his sonne Walter Birmingham vnto the Castel of Dublyn the .xxx. of Aprill 1332 William Birmingham executed In the yeare .1332 the sayde sir William was hanged at Dublin but Walter was deliuered by reason he was within orders Campion Campion following suche notes as he hath seene writeth that the death of this William Birmingham chaunced in time of the gouernment of William Outlaw Prior of Kilmaynā being lieutenant vnto Iohn Lorde Darcie that was made Lorde Iustice as the sayd Campion hath noted in the yeare .1329 Although Marleburgh affyrmeth that hee came thither to beare that office in the yeare .1332 after the Lord Lucie was discharged as hereafter shall be recyted But whensoeuer or vnder whom soeuer Birmingham was executed hee was accounted an odde Knight and suche one as for his valiancie hys matche was not lyghtly to bee any where founde Also Henry de Mandeuile was taken and sent prisoner to be safely kept in Dublyn Likewise Walter Burgh with two of hys brethren were taken in Connagh by the Earle of Vlster and sent to the Castell of Norburgh This yeare the Lord Antonie Lucie was discharged of his rowmth by the king and so returned with his wife and children into Englande The Lorde Darcie iustice and the Lorde Iohn Darcie was sent ouer Lord Iustice in Lucies place and great slaughter was made vpon Bren Obren and Mac Carthi in Mounster by the English of that Countrey This Iohn Darcie as shoulde appeare by gyftes bestowed vpon him by the King was in singular fauour wyth him Amongest other things which hee had of the kings gyft we fynde that hee had the Manours of Louth and Baliogarie and other landes in Irelande which belonged to the Earle of Ew The Earle of Ew and for that the sayd Earle was a French man and tooke part wyth Philip de Valois the kings enimie they were seysed into the kings hande The Earle of Desmonde vpon sureties was set at libertie 1333 A Parliament and by the Parliament holden at Dublyn in this yeare .1333 was sent ouer into Englande vnto the King and William Earle of Vlster a yong Gentleman of twentie yeares of age in goyng towardes Knocfergus the .vij. of Iune The Earle of Vlster slaine was slaine neare to the fourdes in Vlster by his owne people but hys wyfe and daughter escaped into Englande and the daughter was after maryed vnto the Lorde Lionell the kings sonne She deceassed afterwards at Dublyn and left a daughter behind hir that was hir heyre maryed to Roger Mortimer Earle of March and Lorde of Trym This murther was procured by Robert Fitz Martine Mandeuile who was the first that presumed to giue to the Earle any wounde To reuenge the death of this Erle of Vlster slaine as ye haue heard beside Knocfergus the Lorde Iustice Darcie with a great power went into Vlster to pursue those that through Mandeuiles seditious tumultes had so trayterously murthered their Lord. At his setting forward Sir Thomas Burgh the saide Iustice Darcie appoynted sir Tho. Burgh Treasurer to gouerne as lieutenant to him in his absence When the Lorde Iustice had punished the trayters in Vlster The Lorde Iustice inuadeth Scotland hee passed ouer into Scotlande there to make warre agaynste the Scottes that were enimies at that present to the king of England and on the feast day of Saint Margaret greate slaughter was made of the Scots by the Irish men and so what by the king in one part and the Lorde Iustice of Irelande in another Scotland was in maner wholy conquered and Edwarde Ballioll was established king of Scotland The Lord
it fell out in the ende that a foole had the keeping thereof The aduentures of the yong Fitz Girald sonne to the Lady Gray Counselle of Kildare But to returne to the course of the Hystorie when Thomas and his vncles were taken hys second brother on the father his syde named Girald Fitz Girald who was after in the raigne of Queene Marie restored to the Earledome of Kildare in which honor as yet he liueth beeing at that time somewhat past twelue and not full thirtene yeares of age lay sick of the smal pocks in the Countie of Kildare at a towne named Donoare Donoare then in the occupation of Girald Fitz Giralde Thomas Lenrouse Thomas Lenrouse who was the childe his schoolemaister and after became Bishop of Kildare mistrusting vpon the apprehension of Thomas and his Vncles that all went not currant wrapt the yong pacient as tenderly as he could and had him conueyed in a cleefe with all speede to Ophaly where soiourning for a short space with his sister the Ladie Mary Fitz Giralde vntill he had recouered his perfite health his schoolemaster caryed him to Odoon his Countrey where making his aboade for a quarter of a yeare he trauayled to Obrene hys Countrey in Mounster and hauing there remayned for halfe a yeare bee repayred to hys aunte the Ladie Elenore Fitz Giralde who then kept in Mack Carty Reagh Elenore Fitz Giralde hir late husband his territories This noble woman was at that time a widow alwayes knowne and accounted of eche man that was acquainted with hir conuersation of life for a paragon of liberalitie and kindnesse in all hir actions vertuous and godly and also in a good quarell rather stout than stiffe To hir was Odoneyl an importunate suyter and although at sundrie tymes before she seemed to shake him off yet considering the distresse of hir yong innocent nephew how hee was forced to wander in Pilgrimwise from house to house eschuing the punishment that others deserued smarted in his tender yeares with aduersitie before he was of discretion to enioy any prosperitie ▪ she began to encline to hir wooer his request to the ende hir nephew should haue bene the better by his countenaunce shouldered and in fine indēted to espouse him with this caueat or prouiso that he shoulde safely shield and protect the sayde yong Gentleman in this his calamitie This condition agreed vpon shee road with hir nephew to Odoneyl his countrey and there had him safely kept for the space of a yeare But shortly after the Gentlewoman either by some secrete friend enformed or of wisedome gathering that hir late maryed husbande entended some trecherie had hir nephew disguised scoring him like a liberall and bountifull Aunt The Ladie Elenors liberalitie with seuen score Porteguses not onely in valoure but also in the selfe same coyne incontinently shipped him secretly in a Brytons vessell of Saint Malouse betaking him to God Fitz Giralde sayleth to Fraunce and to their charge that accompanied him to wit maister Lenrouse and Robert Walsh somtime seruant to his father the Earle The Ladie Elenore hauing this to hir contentation bestowed hir nephew she expostulated verie sharpely with Odoneyle as touching hys villanie protesting that the onely cause of hir match with him proceeded of an especiall care to haue hir nephew countenanced and now that he was out of his lashe that mynded to haue betrayed him he should well vnderstande that as the feare of his daunger mooued hir to annere to such a clownish Curmudgen so the assuraunce of his safetie should cause hir to sequester hirselfe from so butcherly a cuttbrote that would be like a pelting mercenarie patche hyred to sell or betray the innocent bloud of his nephew by affinitie and hirs by consanguinitie And in thys wise trussing vp bag and baggage she forsooke Odoneyle and returned to hir countrey The passengers with a prosperous gale arriued at Saint Malouse which notified to the gouernour of Brytayne named Monsieur de Chasteau Brian Chasteau Briā he sent for the yong Fitz Giralde gaue him verie heartie enterteynment during one Monethes space In the meane season the gouernor posted a Messenger to the Court of Fraunce aduertising the King of the arriuall of this Gentleman who presently caused him to be sent for and had him put to the Dolphyn named Henrie who after became king of France Sir Iohn Wallop who was then the English Ambassadour vnderstanding the cause of the Irish fugitiue his repayre to Fraunce Sir Iohn Wallop demaundeth Fitz Giralde demaunded him of the French king ▪ according to the newe made league betwene both the princes which was that none shoulde keepe the other his subiect within his dominion contrarie to eyther of their willes adding further that the boy was brother to one who of late notorious for his rebellion in Ireland was executed at London To this answered the King ▪ first The king denyeth him that the Ambassadour had no Commission from hys Prince to demaunde him and vppon his Maiestie his letter he shoulde knowe more of his mynde secondly that hee did not deteyne him but the Dolphyn stayed him lastly that howe grieuously soeuer his brother offended hee was well assured that the silly boy neither was nor coulde be a traytour and therfore there rested no cause why the Ambassadour shoulde in suche wise craue him not doubting that although hee were deliuered to his king yet he woulde not so farre swarue from the extreeme rigour of Iustice as to embrew his handes in the innocent his bloud for the offence that his brother had perpetrated Maister Wallop herevppon addressed his Letters to Englande specifying to the Counsaile the French kings answere and in the mean tyme the yong Fitz Girald hauing an ynckling of the Ambassadour his motion Fitz Giralde flieth to Flanders fledde secretely to Flaunders scantly reaching to Valencie when Iames Sherelocke one of Maister Wallop his men Iames Sherlocke pursueth Fitz Giralde did not onely pursue him but also did ouertake him as he soiourned in the sayd towne Wherevpon maister Leurouse and such as accompanied the childe stept to the Gouernour of Valencie complayning that one Sherelocke a sneaking spie lyke a pykethanke promoting Varlet did dogge their maister from place to place and presently pursued him to the towne ▪ and therefore they besought the gouernour not to leaue such apparant villaynie vnpunished in that he was willing to betray not onely a guiltlesse child but also his owne Countryman who rather ought for his innocencie to bee pityed than for the deserte of others so eagrely to bee pursued The Gouernour vpon this complaint sore incensed sent in all hast for Sherlocke had him sodainly examined and finding him vnable to colour his lewde practise with any warrantable defence Sherlocke imprisoned he layd him vp by the heeles rewarding his hote pursute with colde interteynment and so remained in gaole vntill the yong Fitz Giralde requiting the
the Conqueror and long after which Hugh was sonne to Richarde Earle of Auranges and of the Countesse Emma the daughter of a noble man in Normandine named Herlowin who maried Arlet the daughter of a burgesse in Falois mother to William CoÌ„queroure so y t the sayde Hugh being sister sonne to y e Conquerour receyued by gyft at his handes the Earledome of Chester to holde of him as freely by right of the sworde as he helde the Realme of Englande in right of his Crowne For these be the wordes Tenendum sibi Heredibus ita libere ad gladâ—â— sicut ipse Rex totaÌ„ tenebat Angliam ad corâ—…nam Earle Hugh then established in possession of this Earledome with most large priuiledges and freedomes for the better gouernment thereof he ordeyned vnder him foure Barons Foure barons Nigel or Neal. Piers Malbank Eustace Waren VernoÌ„ to witte his cousin Nigell or Neal BaroÌ„ of HaltoÌ„ sir Pierce Malbanke baron of Nauntwich sir Eustace â—…leftblankâ—… baron of Mawpasse and sir Warren Vernon baron of Shipbroke Nigell helde his baronie of Halton by seruice to leade the Vauntgarde of the Earles armie when he shoulde make any iourney into Wales so as he shoulde bee the foremoste in marching into the enimies Countrey and last in comming barke Hee was also Conestable and Marshall of Chester From this Nigell or Neal The Lacies the Lacyes that were Earles of Lincolne had theyr originall Earle Hugh gouerned the Earledome of Chester the terme of .xl. yeares and then departed this life in the yeare 1107. He had issue by his wife Armetridâ—… â–ª Richard that was the seconde Erle of Chester after the conquest Robert Abbot of Saint Edmonds burie and Otuell tutor to the children of king Henrie the first Moreouer the sayde Earle Hugh had a sister named Margaret Iohn Bohun that was maried vnto Iohn Bohun who had issue by hir Randulf Bohun otherwise called Meschines which Randulfe by that meanes came to enioy the Erledome of Chester in right of his mother after that Earle Richarde was drowned in the Sea and not by exchaunge for the Earledome of Carleil as by this which we haue alreadie recited it may be sufficiently proued To returne therefore where we left An. Reg. 6. After that king William Rufus had giuen order for the buylding fortifying and peopling of Carleil hee returned Southwardes and came to Gloucester where he fell into a grieuous and dangerous sicknesse 1093 Simon Dun. Hen. Hunt Math. Paris The king being sicke promiseth ameÌ„dment of life Polidor Edmerus so that hee was in dispayre to escape wyth life in time whereof he tooke sore repentance for his former misdeedes and promised if hee escaped that daunger of sicknesse to amende his life and become a newe man But after he was restored to health â–ª y t promise was quickly forgotteÌ„ for his doings were not so badde and wicked before but that compared with those which followed after his recouerie they might well be taken for verie good and sufferable Moreouer whereas he reteyned in his handes the Bishoprike of Canterburie the space of foure yeares hee nowe bestowed it on Anselme Anselme elected archbishop of Canterbury who was before Abbot of Bechellouyn in NormaÌ„die and likewise vnto certaine Abbayes which he had held long time in his possession he appoynted Abbottes By meane whereof all men but especially the spiritualtie beganne to conceyue a very good opinion of him The yeare in the whiche Anselme was thus elected was from the byrth of our Sauiour .1093 on the sixth of Marche Edmerus beeing the first Sunday in Lent as Edmerus recordeth Furthermore the Sea of Lincolne being void by the death of Bishop Remigius Mat. Paris Polidor Robert Bluet L. Chauncelor elected bishop of Lincolne he gaue it vnto his Counsellour Robert Bluet but afterward repenting himselfe of suche liberalitie in that hee had not kept it longer in his handes towardes the enryching of his Coffers hee deuised a shifte howe to wype the Byshoppes nose of some of his Golde whiche he perfourmed after thys maner He caused the Bishoppe to bee sued quarelling with him that he wrongfully vsurped vpon certain possessioÌ„s togither with the Citie of Lincolne which apperteyned to the sea of Yorke And though this was but a forged cauillation and a greate vntruth Hen. Hunt yet coulde not the Bishoppe bee delyuered out of that trouble tyll hee had payed to the king fiue thousand pounds to be at rest and quiet And as hee thus dealt with the spiritualtie so he caused diuerse of the Nobilitie to be put to grieuous fines for transgressing of his lawes though the fault were neuer so little He also caused the Archebishoppe Anselme to paye to hym a greate summe of money vnder colour of a contribution whiche was due in Lanfrankes dayes though it was certainly knowne that Lanfranke had payed it Thus waxed King William from tyme to tyme more sharpe and grieuous to his subiectes so that whosoeuer came within the daunger of the lawes was sure to be condemned and accouÌ„ted well gotten good and such as woulde play the promoters giue informations agaynst any maÌ„ for transgressing lawes were highly rewarded In this sixt yere there chaunced such exceeding greate raine and such high flouds the Riuers ouerflowing the low groundes that lay neare vnto them as the like had not beene seene of manye yeares before that tyme and afterwardes ensued a sodaine frost which frose the great streames in suche wise that at the dissoluing thereof manye bridges both of wood and stone likewise Milles were borne downe and ouerthrowne Furthermore perceyuing that diuerse occasioned by his cruel and couetous gouernment Polidor did dayly steale out of the Realme to liue in forraine Countreyes he set forth a proclamation that no man shoulde depart the Realme withoute his lycence and safeconduct A proclamation that none shoulde depart the realme And hereof it is thought that the custome rose of forbidding passage out of the realme which oftentymes is vsed as a lawe when occasion serueth Soone after also he went agaynst the Welchmen whom hee vanquished in battaile neare to Brecknocke and slue theyr king named Rise or Rees who hauing done muche hurt within the English borders was their encamped This Rise or Rees was the last king that reigned ouer the Welchmen Ran. Higd. Rees king of Wales slaine as the Authours affirme for afterwardes though they oftentymes rebelled yet the kings of Englande were reputed to be the supreme gouerners of y t part of the IlaÌ„d Thus king Malcolme came to his ende Simon Dun. by the iust prouision of God in that prouince which he had wasted and spoyled at fiue seuerall tymes as first in the dayes of king Edwarde when Erle Tostie was gone to Rome the seconde tyme in the dayes of William Conquerour when hee spoyled also Cleuelande thirdely in the same Conquerours dayes whilest Bishoppe Walker gouerned the Sea of Durham at
considered hee declared to the Legate that withoute the whole assente of the estates of his Realme he coulde doe little in that whiche the Pope as then required Herevpon therfore he caused a Parliament to be summoned at Westminster A Parliamente called there to be holden in the octaues of y e Epiphanie This Legat also moued the king in the behalfe of Foulkes de Brent that he might be restored to his possessions and to enioye his wife as before tyme he had done but the King declared that for his manifest treason committed he was iustly exiled and not only by his but by the senteÌ„ce of the nobles and other estates of the whole Realme which aunswere when the Legat had heard he left off to solicite the king for Foulkes and from thenceforth talked no more of that matter Shortly after by way of proxie the said Legate gathered a duety whyche he claymed of the spiritualtie that was of euery coÌ„uentual Church within the Realme two markes of siluer 1226 The Kyng is sicke In this yere the king held his Christmas at Winchester and after coÌ„ming to Marlebridge chaunced there to fall sicke so that he laye in despayre of life for certaine dayes together In the meane time also came the daye appoynted for the Parliament to beginne at Westminster where the Legate and other of the Spiritualtie and Temporaltie being assembled the sayde Otho shewed forthe the Popes letters and accordyng to the tenor and purporte of the same was earnestly in hande to haue the Priestes to graunte to the yearly payment of a certaine pention or tribute to the Pope and toward the maintenaunce of his estate whiche they generally denied When he saw that this baite woulde not take hee onelye demaunded a tenth parte of al their spirituall liuings for maintenaunce of the warres againste the Sarazins whiche was easily graunted as more reasonable than the first Mat. VVest Mat. Paris The Cardinals request Here by dyuers credible writers of good credite it shoulde appeare that the Pope demaÌ„ded to haue assigned to him out of euery Cathedrall Church two prebendes one of the portion belonging to the bishoppe and an other out of the portion belonging to the Deane and Chapiter and likewise of the Abbeyes where there were seuerall portions that is to witte so much of the conuent as beloÌ„ged to the finding of one Monke and as much also of euery Abbots liuing as shuld counteruaile the same The Cardinall vsed iolly perswasions to induce the Prelates to assent to this graunte alledging that the Church of Rome was runne in great stander for taking of money in dispatche of sutors causes whiche arose by meanes there was no mayntenaunce of liuyng sufficient for the Churchmen there and therefore he added how it was the parts of naturall childreÌ„ to releue the necessitie of theyr louing mother and that except the charitable deuotion of them and other good and well disposed persons were shortlye extended they shoulde wante necessary mayntenaunce for the sustentation of their lyues whiche shoulde bee altogither an vnseemely thyng for the dignitie of the Romane Churche The Cleargie resorting togyther to take aduice what aunswere they shoulde make at length vppon theyr resolute determination The 〈◊〉 of Iohn 〈◊〉 Archiâ—… of Bedâ—… Iohn the Archdeacon of Bedforde was appoynted to tell the tale for them all who comming before the Cardinall declared boldly vnto hym that the demaunde whyche hee hadde proponed touched the Kyng especially and generally all the nobilitie of the Realme whyche were patrones of any Churches Hee added furthermore how the Archbyshoppes and Byshoppes and many other of the Prelates of Englande sithence the Kyng by reason of sicknesse could not be there were also absent so that they whych were there present beyng but as it were the inferiour part of the house neyther myghte nor ought to make any resolute aunswere in this matter as then Immediately heerewith also came the Lorde Iohn Marshall and other messengers from the Kyng vnto all the Prelates that helde anye Baronies of the Kyng straightly commaundyng them that they shoulde in no wise bynde and endaunger hys lay see vnto the Churche of Rome whereby hee myghte bee depriued of hys due and accustostomed seruices and so euery man heerevpon departed and went home This yeare Fabian the plees of the Crowne were pleated in the Tower of London And the sixtenth day of Marche in this tenth yeare of his raigne the Kyng graunted by hys Charter ensealed that the Citizens of London shoulde passe tolle free through all England A graâ—… the Citâ—… of London and if anye of them were constreyned in any Citie borough or Towne within the Realme to pay tolle that then the Sherifes of London myghte attache any man of the sayde Citie Bourrough or Towne where suche tolle was eracted beyng founde within the liberties of London and hym retayne with hys goodes and cattalles till the Citizens that payde suche tolle were satisfied by restitution of the same with all costes and charges susteyned in the sute But yet about the same tyme Mat. Iâ—… the Kyng constreyned the Londoners to gyue vnto hym the summe of fyue thousande markes as a fyne for that they badde ayded and succoured hys aduersary Lewis agaynste hym and lente to the sayde Lewis at hys departure out of the Realme a lyke summe But it maye rather bee thought they gaue vnto the Kyng the sayde fyue thousande markes for hys fauoure shewed in graunting vnto them the aboue mentioned freedome and liberties At the same tyme hee hadde also twelue hundred pounde of the burgesses of Northampton besydes the fifteenth whyche not onely they but also the Londoners and all other generally through the Realme paid accordingly as it was graunted An. Reg. 11. 1227 â—…e death of â—…es the â—…nch king In this yeare dyed the French Kyng Lewes the eyght and his sonne Lewes the ninth succeeded hym a childe of twelue yeares of age by reason of whose infancie dyuers peeres of y e Realme began to withdrawe their obedience from hym as Theobalde Earle of Champaigne Hugh Earle of Marche and Peter Duke of Britaine Howbeeit the Earle of Champaigne was easily reduced againe to hys former obedience by the hygh wisedome and policie of the Queene mother who hadde the gouernemente of hir sonne the yong Kyng and hys Realme committed vnto hir But the Earle of Marche constante in hys purpose came ouer to Kyng Henry The Earle of Marche commeth ouer to the king and offereth hym his seruice whose mother hee hadde married and declareth vnto hym that nowe was the tyme for hym to recouer againe those places whych king Phillippe hadde vniustly taken from hys father Kyng Iohn and to bryng the same to passe hee offered hymselfe and all that hee coulde make in the furthering of thys voyage The Kyng beeyng thus pricked forwarde with the Earle of Marche hys wordes Polidore determined withoute delay to take in hande the warre Heere
Matelonne or Martelonne the lord de la Valle and the bastard of Bourbon with other to the number as some haue writtē of fiue C. But Enguerant de Monstrellet affirmeth that vpon their returne into Fraunce there wāted not aboue .lx. persons of all their cōpanies After they had lain thus one against an other y e space of .viij. dayes as before is sayde vitails began to fail so that they were enforced to dislodge The Frēch Welchmē withdrew into Wales and though the Englishe men followed yet empeached with the desart grounds and barren coūtry through which they must passe as ouer felles and craggie mountaines from hill to dale from marish to wood from naught to worse as Hall sayth without vitailes or succor the king was of force constrained to retire with his army and returne againe to Worcester in which returne the enimies took certaine cariages of his laden with vytayles The French men after the armies were thus withdrawne returned into Britain The French men returne home making small bragges of their painfull iourney This yeare at London An. reg ◅ the Earle of Arundell maried the bastard daughter of the king of Portingale the king of Englande and the Queene with theyr presence honouring the solemnitie of that feast whiche was kept wyth all sumptuous royaltie the morrowe after Saint Katherines daye And on the day of the Conception of our Ladie the Ladie Philip King Henries daughter was proclaymed Queene of Denmarke Norwey and Sweden in presence of suche Ambassadours as the last Sommer came hither from the king of those Countreys to demaund hir in mariage for him and had so trauayled in the matter that finally they obteyned This yeare the first of Marche 1406 A parliament a Parliament began which continued almost all this yeare for after that in the lower house they hadde denyed a long time to graunt to any subsidie yet at length a little before Christmasse in the .viij. yeare of his raign they granted a .xv. A fiftenth gr◅ted by the te◅poraltie to the losse and great domage of the comunaltie for through lingring of time the expenses of knights and burgesses grewe almost in value to the sum that was demaunded Moreouer A new kind◅ of subsidie g◅ted by the clergie by the Clergie a new kinde of subsidie was graunted to the King to bee leuied of stipendarie priests and Friers mēdicants other such religious men as sung for the dead celebrating as they termed it Anniuarsaries euery of thē gaue halfe a marke in reliefe of other of the Clergie that had still borne the burthen for them before Whervpon now they murmured and grudged sore for that they were thus charged at that present The same time the Erle of Northumberland and the Lorde Bardolfe warned by the Lord Dauid Fleming that there was a conspiracie practised to delyuer them into the King of Englandes hands fledde into Wales to Owen Glendouer This cost the Lorde Fleming his life The l. Fleming left ◅ life for g◅ knowledge the erle of ◅thumberland of that wh◅ was m◅◅galest him for after it was knowne that hee hadde disclosed to the Earle of Northumberlande what was ment agaynst him and that the Earle therevpon was shyfted awaye certaine of the Scottes fiue the said Lord Fleming Whervpon no small grudge rose betwixt those that so slue him and the sayde lord Flemings friends For this other matters such dissention sprung vp amongst the Scottish Nobilitie that one durst not trust another Dessenti◅◅mōg the ◅tish nobilitie so that they were glad to sue for a truce betwixt Englande and them whiche was graunted to endure for one yeare as in some bookes we finde recorded This truce being obteyned Robert King of Scotland vpon considerations as in the Scottish historie ye may read more at large sent hys eldest sonne Iames intituled prince of Scotland a childe not past nine yeres of age to be conueyed into Fraunce ◅ewen yeares sayth Hard. vnder the conduct of the Earle of Orkency The prince of Scotland stayd here in Englād and a Bishop in hope that hee myght there both remayne in safetie and also learne the French tongue But it fortuned that as they sayled neare to the Englishe coast about Flambrough heade in Holdernesse their shippe was taken and stayed by certaine Mariners of Claye a towne in Norffolke that were abrode the same time and so he and all his companie being apprehended the xxx of Marche was conueyed to Wyndsore where though he had letters from his father which he presented to the king conteyning a request in his sonnes behalfe for fauour to bee shewed towardes him if by chaunce hee landed within any of his dominions yet was he deteyned and as wel he himselfe as the Earle of Orkney was committed to safe keeping in the tower of London but the Byshop got away and escaped as some write by what means I know not By the Scottishe writers were finde that thys chaunced in the yeare .1404 that is two yeares before the time noted in diuerse English writers as Tho. Wals and other But Harding sayth it was in the .ix. yere of king Henries raigne to wit in An. 1408 but whensoeuer it chanced it is to be thought that there was no truce at that pri◅nt betweene the two realmes but that the war to as rather open sithe diuerse Englishe rebelles styll remayned in Scotlande Hall and were there succored to the high displeasure of King Henrie By authoritie of the Parliament that all this time continued the Braytons that serued the Queene with two of his daughters were banished the realme Robert Halome Chauncellor of Oxforde Rob. Holome Archbishop of Yorke as then beeing in the Popes Court of Rome was created Archbishop of Yorke Moreouer the same time the Pope gaue vnto Thomas Langley the bishoprike of Durham which by the death of Walter Skirlaw was thē voyde In the sommer of this yeare the Ladie Philip the kings yonger daughter was sent ouer vnto hir affianced husband Erick king of Dēmark The K. and the Queene brought hir to Lyane where she toke shipping Tho. VVals Norway Sweden being cōueied thither with great pomp and there maried to the said king where she tasted according to y e cōmon speech vsed in praying for the successe of suche as matche togither in mariage both ioy some sorow amōg There attended hir thither Hērie Bowet Bishop of Bath and the L. Richard brother to the duke of Yorke An. reg 8. The Duke of Yorke restored a◅ liberty In the Parliament which yet continued the Duke of Yorke was restored to his former libertie estate and dignitie where many supported that he had bin dead long before that time in pryson Edmond Holland Erle of Kent was in suche fauour with king Henrie The erle of kent in fauour with the king that he not onely aduanced him to high offices and great honors but also to his great costs
Malicorne wherof he made captaine Wil. Glasdale esquier Lisle Soubz Boulton whereof was made captain sir Lancelot Lisle knight Lonpelland wherof was made captain Henry BraÌ„che Montseur of y e which was made captaine sir Wil. Oldehall knight la Suze was assigned to y e keping of Iohn Suffolk esquier And beside this aboue .xl. castels piles were ouerthrowen destroyed The newes herof reported in Englande caused great reioysing among the people not only for the conquest of so many towns fortresses but also for that it had plesed god to giue theÌ„ victory in a pitched field General processions after victorie wherfore general processions were apointed to render vnto god humble thankes for his fauor so bestowed vpon theÌ„ This yere after Easter the king called his highe court of parliament at Westminster by aduise of the peeres and comming to the parliament house himselfe he was conueyd through the citie vpon a great courser with great triumphe the people flocking into y e streetes to beholde the childe whom they iudged to haue the liuely Image purtrature and countenauÌ„ce of his father like to suceede him be his heire in all princely qualities martiall policies and morall vertues aswell as his vndoubted inheritor in his realms signiories and dominions A subsidie In this parliameÌ„t was granted to the K. a subsidy of .xij d. pence the pound towards y e maintenauÌ„ce of his warres of al marchandise coÌ„ming in or going out of the realme aswell of englishmen as straÌ„gers The prince of Portingale coÌ„ming to London During which parliament came to LondoÌ„ Peter duke of Quimbâ—…e sonne to the K. of Portingale cousin germain remoued to the K. which of y e duke of Exceter y e bishop of Winchester his vncles was highly feasted he was also elected into the order of the garter During y e same season EdmuÌ„d Mortimer the laste earle of Marche of that name which long time had bin restreined froÌ„ his libertie finally waxed lame deceassed without issue whose inheritaunce descended to the lorde Richard Plantagenet sonne and heire to Richard erle of Cambridge beheaded as before ye haue hearde at the towne of Southampton In the time of this parliament also was sir Iohn Mortimer cousin to y e same erle either for deserte or malice attainted of treson put to execution of whose deathe no small slaunder arose amongst y e coÌ„mon people After al these things done in England in Fraunce Humfrey duke of Gloucester who had married the Lady Iaquet or Iaqueline of Bauiere couÌ„tesse of Heynault Holland ZelaÌ„d notwithstanding she was coupled in marriage afore to the Duke of BrabaÌ„t as yet liuing and had continued with him a long space passed nowe y e sea with y e said lady went to Mons or Bergen in Heinault where the more part of the people of that country came and submitted themselues vnto him as vnto their soueraine lord in right of his said wife the lady Iaquet or Iaquelin with which doing Iohn duke of Brabant hir former husbaÌ„d was greatly moued and likewise the Duke of Burgoign being great frend to the same duke of Brabant was muche offended but first bycause of olde familiaritie he wrote louingly to the duke of Glocester requiring him to reform himselfe according to reason and to forsake his vngodly life bothe in keping of an other mans wife and also in seeking to vsurpe other mens right and titles Hervpon went letters betwixt them for a time but at length wheÌ„ the Duke of Burgoine perceiued that the duke of Glocester ment to pursue his quarrell to make war against the duke of Brabant he tooke part wyth y e duke of Brabant so ernestly that he consented to fight with the duke of Glocester body to body within listes in defence of the duke of Brabantes quarell further aided the duke of Brabant in his warres against y e duke of Glocester with all his puissance in so muche that in y e end after the duke of Glocesters return into England y e duke of BrabaÌ„t recouered all the towne in Heynault whiche the Lady Iaquet or Iaquelin held against him further the same lady was by composition deliuered by them of the towne of Mons vnto the duke of Burgoigne who caused hir to be conueied vnto Gant from whence she made shift to escape into Hollande where she was obeied as countesse of y e couÌ„try then made warre in hir own defence agaynst the Dukes of Burgoigne Brabant the which sought to spoile hir of al hir townes and landes further procured Pope Martine the .v. before whome the matter was brought to giue senteÌ„ce that the first matrimony with the duke of Brabant was good effectuall and the seconde espousels celebrated with the duke of Gloucester to be vnlawfull But in the meane time the L. Fitz Walter being sent ouer to the aide of the lady Iaquet or Iaquelin with a power of englishemen landed in Zelande neere vnto the town of Zerixe against whome came the duke of Burgoign and encountring with them and other such Hollanders and Zelanders as were ioyned with them nere to a place called Brewers hauen there discomfited them so that of englishmen Holanders and Zelanders that were with the said lorde Fitz Walter there were slaine .vij. or .viij. hundred and the residue chaÌ„sed to the water Anno re 4. At length when the duke of Gloucester vnderstoode the sentence pronounced against hym by the Pope he beganne to waxe weary of hys wife the saide Lady Iaquet by whom he neuer had profit but losse and tooke to his wife by a seconde marriage Eleanor Cobham daughter to the lorde Cobham of Sterberow which before as the fame went was his soueraine Ladye and paramoure to his greate slaunder and reproche A little beefore thys tyme Syr Thomas Rampston sir Phillippe Branthe sir Nicholas Burdet and other englishmen to the number of .v. C. men of war repaired and fortified the towne of saint Iames de Bevvron Aâ—… Bâ—…vvioÌ„ situate on the fronters of Normandie towardes Britaine within half a league of the duke of Britaines grounde 〈◊〉 with whome as then they had open warre and so began to do many displeasures to his people Wherevpon Arthur Earle of Richemont and Ivry brother to the sayde duke lately before created constable of FraÌ„ce assembled an huge power of men to the number of .xl. M. as some haue writteÌ„ XX.M. hathe 〈…〉 Iames de Bevvron besieged with the same came before the sayd towne of saint Iames de Bevvron and planted his siege very stronglye about it enforcing with his greate ordinaunce to ouerthrow the walles And one day amongst other he determined to giue the assault â–ª and so did the whiche continued a long space very hot and earnest The Bretons Bretâ—…nantes were come downe into a lowe bottome where there was a little ponde or fishe poole and they muste nedes passe by a streite way to
power dislodged from Poyssi and came to Maunte and soone after to Roan An. reg 20. When the Regent and the lord Talbot were returned agayne into Normandie the Frenche K. considering howe muche it shoulde redounde to his dishonor to let rest the town of Ponthoyse in his enimies hāds Po◅thoyse gotten by the Frenche sith he had bin at such charges and trauaile aboute the winnyng therof hee eftsoones assembled all his puissance and retourning sodeinly again vnto Ponthoyse he firste by assault gat the church and after the whole town toke the captain and diuers other Englishmen and slewe to the number of .iiij. C. whiche solde their lyues dearely for one French writer affirmeth that the French king lost there .iij. M. men and the whole garnison of the Englishmen was but only a thousand Enguerant Sir Nicholas Burdet flayne Among other that were slayne here of the defendants was sir Nicholas Burdet knight chief Butler of Normandie After this hotte tempeste the weather began somewhat to waxe more calme for king Henry and kyng Charles agreed to sende Ambassadours to commen of some good conclusion of peace So that King Henry sente the Cardinall of Wynchester wyth dyuers other noble personages of his counsel to Caleys with whom was also sent Charles duke of Orleans yet prisoner in England to the intent that he might be both author of the peace and also procurer of his owne deliueraunce The French king sent the Archbishop of Reimes and the Erle of Dunoys and the Duke of Burgongne sent the Lord de Creuecueur dyuers other All these mette at Caleys where the Duke of Orleans curteously receiue the Earle of Dunoys his bastarde brother thanking him greatly for his paynes taking in gouerning hys landes and countrey during the time of his captiuitie and absence Diuers cōmunications wer had as well for the deliueraunce of the Duke as for a fynall peace but nothyng was concluded sauyng that an other meetyng was appoynted so that in the meane season the demaundes of eyther partie mighte be declared to their Soueraigne Lordes and Maisters And herevpon the Commissioners brake vp their assemble and returned into their countreys The Englishmen as the Frenche writers recorde required not only to possesse peaceably the two Duchies of Aquitayne and Normandie discharged of al resort superioritie and soueraintie againste the Realme of Fraunce the Kings and gouernors of the same but also to be restored to al the towns cities and places which they within .30 yeres nexte before gone and past had conquered in the realme of Frauce Whiche request the Frenchmen thought very vnresonable and so both parts minding rather to gain or saue than to lose departed for y t time as ye haue heed After this meting thus proroged Philip D. of Burgogne partly moued in conscience to make amends to Charles duke of Orleans as yet prisoner in Englād for the death of duke Lewes his father whom duke Iohn father to this D. Philip cruelly murthered in the Citie of Paris and partly intending the aduancement of his neece y e Lady Marie daughter to Adolfe duke of Cleue by the which aliāce he trusted that al old rā◅ shuld ceasse contriued ways to haue the sayd D. of Orleans set at libertie vpon promise by hym made to take y e said lady Mary vnto wife This Duke had bin prisoner in Englande euer sith the bataile foughten at Agincourt vpon the daye of Crispyne and Crispynian in the yere 1415. and was set now at libertie in the moneth of Nouember in the yeare .1440 paying for his raunsome .iiij. C. thousand crowns though other say but .iij. hundred thousande The cause that he was deteined so long in captiuitie was to pleasure thereby the Duke of Bourgongne For so long as the Duke of Burgongne continued faithfull to the King of Englande it was not thought necessarie to suffer the duke of Orleans to be caunsomed least vpon his deliuerance hee would not ceasse to seeke meanes to be reuenged vpon the duke of Burgongne for the old grudge and displeasure betwixt their two families and therfore suche ransome was demaunded for him as he was neuer able to paye but after that the duke of Burgongne had broken his promise and was turned to the French part the counsell of the king of England deuised how to deliuer the duke of Orleans that thereby they might displeasure the duke of Burgoygne Whych thing the duke of Burgogne perceyuing doubted what mighte followe if he were deliuered without his knowledge and therfore to hys greate coste practised his deliuerance payde his raunsome and ioyned w t him amitie aliance by mariage of his niece The Duke of Orleans deliuered This Duke being nowe deliuered and speaking better English than Frenche after his arriuall in France repaired to the Duke of Burgogne and according to hys promise and conuention maryed the Ladie Mary of Cleue in the towne of Saint Omers on whome he begat a sonne whiche after was Frenche Kyng and called Lewes the twelfth Yet here is to be noted that olde rancour sodainly appeased cōmonly springeth out againe for although the vnhappie deuision betwixte the two families of Orleans Burgogne were by benefyte of this mariage for a tyme stayed and put in forgetfulnesse for the space of twenty yeres and more yet at length it brake out betwene their children and Cousins to the great vnquietyng of the more parte of the Christian world specially in the tymes of Kyng Frauncis the fyrste and hys sonne Henry the seconde very heyres of the house of Orleans For Iohn erle of Angolesme vncle to this Duke Charles begatte Charles father to the sayde King Francis whyche Earle Iohn had bene as pledge in England for the debt of Lewes Duke of Orleans sith the last yere of K. Henry the fourth till that nowe his nephewe beyng deliuered made shifte for money and raunsomed hym also and at length restored him to his countrey In the begynnyng of thys twentieth yeare Richarde Duke of Yorke Regent of Fraunce and gouernour of Normandie determined to inuade the territoryes of his enimyes both by sundrye Armyes and in seuerall places and there vppon without delaying of tyme he sente the Lord of Willoughby wyth a great crew of Souldiours to destroye the countrey of Amyens and Iohn Lorde Talbot was appoynted to besiege the Towne of Dieppe and the Regent hym selfe accompanyed wyth Edmunde Duke of Somerset set forward into the Duchy of Aniow The Lorde Willoughdy◅ accordyng to hys Commissyon entred into the countrey of hys enimyes in suche wyse vppon the sodayife that a great numbre of people were taken ete they coulde withdrawe into any place of safegarde or foreclet The Frenchemenne in the garnysons adioyning astonyed wyth the clamoure and crye of the poore people issued out in good order and manfully foughte wyth the Englyshmen but in the end the Frenchmen seyng theyr fellowes in the forfront slayn down kyld without mercie tourned their backes and fled the
to be payd at London Articles of agrement betvvene kyng Edvvarde and the french king during K. Edwards lift And further it was agreed y t Charles the Dolphyn should mary the lady Elizabeth eldest daughter to K. Edward they two to haue for y e maintenaÌ„ce of their estates the whole duchy of Guyinne or else l. M. crownes yerely to be payd within y e toure of LoÌ„don by y e space of .ix. yeres at the end of y e terme the Dolphyn his wife to haue y e whole duchye of Guyenne of y e charge the French K. to be clerely acquit And it was also coÌ„cluded that the .ij. princes shuld come to an enterview ther take a corporal othe for the performance of thys peace VVant of money procureth peace eyther in sight of other On the K. of Englands pacâ—… wer coÌ„prised as alyes if they wold therto assâ—…t y e dukes of Burgogne Britanie It was also couenaÌ„ted y t after the whole sum aforesayd of 75000. crowns were payde to K. Edw. he shuld leaue in hostage the L. Haward sir Io. Cheyny maister of his horse til he w t al his army was passed the seas This agrement was very acceptable to y e French K. for he saw himself and hys realme therby deliuered out of great peril y t was at hand for not only he shuld haue bin assailed if this peace had not takeÌ„ place both by y e power of EnglaÌ„d Burgongne but also by the duke of Britain diuers of his own people as y e Comstable others The K. of England also vnderstanding his own state for wante of moneye to maynteyne the warres The duke of 〈◊〉 sâ—… enimie to peace if they shal be long continue though otherwise he desired to haue atteÌ„ptes some high enterprise against the FrenchmeÌ„ was the more easily induced to agree by those of his counsel y t loued peace better thaÌ„ war their wyues soft beds better thaÌ„ hard armor a stony lodging But the D. of Gloucester other whose swords thirsted for Frenche bloud cried out on this peace saying w t al their trauell pain expences wer to their shame lost and cast away nothing gayned but a continual mocke The Duke of Burgongne coÌ„meth 〈◊〉 haste to the King of Englande When the duke of Burgogne heard y t there was a peace in hand betwixt K. Edward the French king he came in no small hast from Lutzenburgh only accoÌ„panied with â—…up horses into the K. of Englandes lodging and began as one in a greate chafe sore to blame his doings declaring in plain termes how dishonorable this peace shuld be vnto him hauing atchiued and thing of that aâ—…ed the which he came The K. of England after 〈◊〉 had giuen him leaue to spâ—… his fancie answered him somwhat â—…ountly againe openly reprouing him for his promise de â—…inge 〈◊〉 dealing with him wherefor his cause chiefly he had passed the â—…eas now found in 〈◊〉 touch greatly one point which he had couenaÌ„ted The duke being in a great rage He departeth from the King in a rage had the king of England for wel sodainly toke his horse â—…odâ—… again to Lutzenburgh promising not to 〈◊〉 into any league with the Frenche King till â—…ng Edward was passed the seas again into EnglaÌ„d had bin there .iij. months but this promise 〈◊〉 not perfourmed for vâ—…cessitie bee tooke a wiser why agreed with the French K. vpon 〈◊〉 immediatly after the departure of the Englishe armie oute of his countreye The Conestable of Fraunce his offer to King Edvvard The Constable of France also doubting y t his vntrouthe would be disclosed to his destraction by meane of this agreeuâ—… betwene y e kings of England France as soon as he heare they were entred into châ—…â—…tion therof sent to king Edw. requiring him not to credite the French kings prouisions which heâ—… no loÌ„ger abâ—…e thaÌ„ vntil he shuld vnto vnderstand that he was on the other side of the sea rather than he shuld agree for want 〈◊〉 â—…ney he offered to bend him .l. M. crowns But the king of England sith the accord was paâ—… agreeth wold not charge any thing for the promises of so slipper a merchaÌ„t as he knew the â—…stable to be After y t the peace was concluded the Englishmen were permitted to enter into the town of Amiens and there to buy such necessarie things as they wanted had plentie of wine and good cheere made them of the French kings cost for at the entrie of euery gate there were .ij. long tables set on euery side of the streete where they should passe at euery table fiâ—…e at gentlemen of the best companions of all the countrey were appointed to enterteyn the englishmen as they entred and to see them serued withoute looking This chere lasted .iij. or .iiij. dayes not only to the Frenche kings coste but also to hys vnquietnes at length doubting to haue but dispossessed of his towne For one day shote entred the number of .ix. M. englishmen well armed in sundry companies so that no frenchman dursâ—…â—…e forbid them to enter but finally order was takeÌ„ by the king of England who ment no deceit that no greater nuÌ„ber shuld enter than was conuenient the other were called backe so that the French king his counsel were well quiâ—… rid of casting further perils thaÌ„ nede required After this The entervievv betvvixt King Edvvard the fourthe and the French King bothe the Kynges enterviewed togither at Picqueny on the water of Some .iij. leagues aboue Amiens shewyng greate curtesie eyther to other The letters of both their agreements were opened red and then either Prince layd his right hand on the missal his left hande on y e holy Crosse as it was tearmed toke there a solemne othe to obserue and kepe the treatie for ix yeares concluded betweene them with al their confederates and alies comprised meÌ„cioned and specified in the same and further to accomplishe the marriage of their children There was wyth either prince .xij. noble meÌ„ at this meeting which was vpoÌ„ a bridge cast ouer the water of Some a geate beyng set a trauerse the same in the mids so from side to side that the one Prince could not come vnto the other but only to imbrace eche other in putting their armes through the holes of the grate There were four Englishmen appointed to stand with the Frenchmen on the bridge to see their demeanor and likewise .iiij. Frenchmen were appointed to the Englishmen for the same purpose There were with the king of England his brother the duke of Clarence the erle of Northumberland the bishop of Elie his chaÌ„cellor the lord Hastings his chamberlain and .viij. others They hadde louing and very familiar talke togither a good space bothe afore their company and secretly alone whilest their company of curtesy withdrew somewhat backe Finally when
honestie that they woulde neither willinglye offend Gods Lawe nor disobey mans But and ye were so muche bleared that you did thinke impossible things and your reason gaue ye agaynst all reason that ye neyther displeased God herein nor offended the king yet be ye so blynde that ye understande not youre owne case nor yâ—… neighbors myserie nor the vaine of the â—…ote common wealth whyche doth 〈◊〉 folowe your so fowle and beteâ—â—â— sedition Doe yee not see howe for the mayntenaunce of these vngodly raâ—…sementes not only Cities and Villages but also Shires and Countreys be vtterly destroyed Is not their corne wasted their cattell set away their houses ryfled their goodes spoyled and all to feede youre vprisyng withoute reason and to maynteyn this tumult of rebellion inuented of the Deuill continued by you and to be ouerthrowne by the power of Gods mightie hand And why should not so hurtfull wastyng and hartying of countreys be iustly punished with greate seueritie seing robbing of houses and taking of purses do by lawe deserue the extremitie of death How many suffer iniurie when one hundred of a Shire is spoyled and what iniurie thinke ye is done when not only whole Shires be destroyed but also euery quarter of the realme touched Haue ye not brought vpon vs al pouertie weaknesse and hatred within the realme and discourage shame and damage without the realme If ye miserably entended not only to vndoe other but also to destroye your selues and to ouerthrow the whole realme coulde ye haue taken a readier way to your owne ruine that this is And first if ye be any thyng reasonable lifte vp your reason and way by wisedome if not al things yet your owne cases and lerne in the beginning of matters to foresee the end and so iudge aduisedly or ye enter into any thing hastily See ye not this yeare the losse of haruest And think ye ye can grow to wealth that yere wheÌ„ ye lose your thrife profit Barnes be poore mens storehouses wherin lieth a great part of euery mans owne liuing his wiues his childrens liuing where with men maynteyne their families pay their reÌ„ts and therfore be always thought most rich when they haue best croppes And how when ther is neyther plentie of haye nor sufficient of straw nor corne inough and that through the greate disorder of your wicked rebellion can ye thynke ye to do well when ye vndoe your selues and iudge it a common wealthe when the commons is destroyed and seeke your happe by vnhappinesse and esteeme your owne losse to be your owne forwardnes and by this iudgement shewe your selues how little yee vnderstande other mennes matters when ye can scarcely consider the waightiest of your owne Hath not the haye this yeare as it rose fro the ground so rotted to the grounde again and where it was wont by mens seasonable labor to be taken in due time and then serue for the maintenance of horse and cattell wherewith we liue nowe by youre disordered mischiefe hath bene by mens idlenesse and vndutifulnesse lette alone vnâ—…duched and so neither serueth the poore to make money of nor any cattell to liue with The corne was sowne with labour and the grounde â—…illed for it wyth labour and looked to be brought home againe with labour and for lacke of honest labourers is lost on the ground the owners being loyterers and seeking other mennes haue lost their owne and hoping for mountains lucked their present thrift neither obteining y t they sought nor seeking that they oughte And howe shall men liue when the maintenance of their prouision is seeking For laboring and their olde store is waâ—…ed by wildnes of sedition and so neyther 〈◊〉 are the olde nor saue the newe Howe can men be fedde then or beastes fiue when as there wastefull negligence is my steady vsed and myspending the tyme of their profite in shameful disorder of inobedience they care not treatly what becomes of their owne bicause they intend to liue by other mens Hay is gon corne is wasted strawe is spoyled what reâ—…keâ—…sing of Haruest can ye make eyther for the ayde of others or for the reliefe of your selues And thus haue ye brought in one kinde of miserie which if ye sawe before as ye be lyke to feele after although ye had hated the common welth yet for loue of your selues ye wold haue auoyde the great enormitie thereof into the which ye wilfully now haue call in your selues An other no lesse is that such plentie of victuall as was abundantly in euery quarter for the reliefe of vs all is nowe all wallfull and vnthrifefully spente in mayntening you vnlawfull rebelles and so with disorder all is consumed whiche with good husbandrye mighte long haue endured For so much as wold haue serued a whole yeare at home with diligente and skilfull heed of husbandrie that is willfully wasted in a moneth in the campe thorough the rauening spoyle of vâ—â—anie For what is vnordred plentie but a wastfull spoyle whereof the inconuenient is so great as ye be worthy to feele and dringeth in more hardnesse of liuing greater dearth of all thing and occasioneth manye causes of diseases The price of things must needes encreace muche when the number of thinges waxeth lesse and by â—â—firie be enhaunted and compesseth men to abate their liberalitie in house bothe to their owne also to strangers And where the riche 〈…〉 can the poore fynd who in a coÌ„mon fearcitie liueth most scarcely and â—…leth quickâ—… yâ—â— the â—â—esse of 〈◊〉 what euery man for aches 〈◊〉 whiche if ye had well 〈◊〉 before as ye nowe maye after 〈◊〉 ye would 〈◊〉 I think so 〈◊〉 〈…〉 and one 〈◊〉 youre selfe in the storme of 〈◊〉 whereof ye most lykely 〈◊〉 haue the greatest parte whyche moste stubburnly resisted to your owne shame 〈…〉 Experience 〈…〉 〈◊〉 great death commeth a greate death for that when we ye in great by â—â—â— of â—â— at â—…ate muche 〈◊〉 they 〈◊〉 them bodies wyth â—…ll humors and cast them from their state of welth into a subiection of sicknesse bycause the good blend in the body is not able to keepe his 〈◊〉 for the multitude of the yll humours that 〈◊〉 the same And so growe greate and deadly plagues and destroye greate numbers of all 〈◊〉 sparing no kynde that they lyght â—â— nepthemerâ—…hecting the poore with mercy 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 with fauour Can ye therfore thinke herein when ye see decay of victuals the riche pinche the poore famishe the following â—â— diâ—…eases the greatnesse of death the mourning of 〈◊〉 the pitifulnesse of the fâ—…the theâ—â— loud all this myserie to come thorowe your vnnaturall misbehauior that ye haue not dangerouslye hurte the commons of your countrey with an 〈◊〉 and an vncurable wound These thinges being once felt in the common wealth as they must needes be euery man seeth by and by 〈◊〉 followeth a greate diminishments of the strength of the Realme when the due number that the realme dothe maynteyne comodelesse
place appoynted for one childe which did interprete and apply the said Pageant as heereafter shall be declared Euery voyde place was furnished with proper sentences commending the seate supported by vertues and defacyng the vices to the vtter extirpation of Rebellion and to euerlasting continuance of quietnesse and peace The Queenes Maiestie approching nigh vnto thys Pageaunte thus beautifyed and furnished in all poyntes caused hir Chariot to be drawen nygh therevnto that hir grace myght heare the childs Oration which was thys While that Religion true shall ignorance suppresse And with hir weigtie foote breake superstitious head whyle loue of subiects shall Rebellion distresse And with zeale to the Prince insolency downe treade Whyle Iustice can flattering tongs and briberie deface While follie and vayneglorie to wisedome yeeld their handes So long shall gouernement not swarue from hir right race But wrong decayeth still and rightwisenes vp standes Now all thy subiuects heartes O Prince of yereles fame Do trust these vertues shall mainteyne vp thy throne And vice be kept downe still the wicked out to shame That good with good may ioy naught with naught may mone Whiche verses were painted vpon the ryghte side of the same Pageant and the latine thereof on y e left side in another table which were these Quae subnixa altè solio regina superboest Effigiem sanctae principis alma refert Quam ciuilis amor fulcit sapientia firmat Iusticia illustrat Relligioque beat Vana superstitio crassa ignorantia frontis Pressae sub pura relligione iacent Regis amor domat effraenos animosque rebelles Iustus adulantes Doniuorosque terit Cùm regit imperium sapiens sine luce sedebunt Stultitia atque huius numen inanis honor Beside these verses there were placed in euery voyde rome of the Pageant both in English and latin such sentences as aduanced the seate of gouernaunce vpholden by vertue The groūd of this Pageante was that lyke as by vertues whiche doe aboundantly appeare in hir grace the Queenes Maiestie was established in the seate of gouernemente so shee shoulde sitte fast in the same so long as shee embrased Vertue and helde vice vnder foote For if vice once gote vp the head it woulde put the seate of gouernement in perill of falling The Queenes Maiestie when she had heard the childe and vnderstoode the Pageant at full gaue the Citie also thankes there and most graciously promised hir good endeuour for y e maintenance of the saide vertues and suppression of vices and so marched on till she came agaynste the great conduit in Cheape whiche was beautified with pictures and sentences accordingly against hir graces comming thither Against Soper lanes ende was extended frō the one side of the streete to the other a Pageant which had three gates all open Ouer the midlemost whereof were erected three seuerall stages whereon sate eyght children as heereafter followeth On the vppermost one childe on y e middle three on the lowest foure eache hauing the proper name of the blessing that they did represent written in a table and placed aboue their heads In the forefront of this Pageant before the children which did represent the blessings was a conueniēt standing cast out for a child to stand which did expound the sayd Pageante vnto the Queenes Maiestie as was done in the other tofore Euery of these children were appointed apparelled according vnto the blessing which hee dyd represent And on the foreparte of the sayde Pageaunte was written in faire letters the name of the sayde Pageant in this manner following The eight beatitudes expressed in the fifth Chapter of the Gospell of Sainte Mathew applyed to oure soueraigne Lady Queene Elizabeth Ouer the two side portes was placed a noise of instruments And all voyde places in the Pageant were furnished with pretie sayings commending and touching the meaning of the said Pageaunte whiche was the promises and blessings of Almightie God made to hys people Before that the Queenes highnes came vnto this Pageaunte shee required the matter somewhat to be opened vnto hir that hir grace might the better vnderstand what should afterwarde by the child be sayde vnto hir Which so was y t the Citie had there erected the Pageaunte with eyght children representing the eyght blessings touched in the fifth Chapter of S. Mathewe Wherof euery one vpon iust consideratiōs was applyed vnto hir highnesse and that the people thereby putte hir grace in mind that as hir good doings before had giuen iust occasion why that these blessings might fall vpon hir that so if hyr grace did continue in hir goodnes as she had entred shee shoulde hope for the frute of these promises out vnto thē that do exercise themselues in the blessings whiche hir grace heard maruellous graciously and required that the Chariot might be remoued towardes the Pageaunt that she might perceiue the childs words which were these the Queenes Maiestie giuing most attētiue eare and requiring that the peoples noyse might be stayde Thou hast bin eyght times blest O Queene of worthy 〈◊〉 By meekenes of thy spirit when care did thee besette By mourning in thy griefe by mildnes in thy blame By hunger and by thirst and iustice couldst none gette By mercy shewed not felt by cleanes of thine heart By seeking peace alwaies by persecution wrong Therefore trust thou in God since he hath helpe thy smart That as his promis is so he will make thee strong When these words were spoken all the people wished that as the childe had spoken so God woulde strengthen hir grace againste all hir aduersaries whome the Queenes Maiestie dyd most gently thanke for their so louing wishe These verses were painted on the left side of the sayd Pageaunte and other in latin on the other side which were these Qui lugent hilares fient qui mitia gestant Pectora multa soli iugera culta metent Iustitiam esuriens sitiensue replebitur ipsum Fas homini puro corde videre deum Quē alterius miseret dominus miserebitur huius Pacificus quis quis filius ille Dei est Propter iustitiam quisquis patietur habetque Demissam mentem caelica regna capit Huic hominum generi terram mare fidera vouit Omnipotens horum quisque beatus erit Besides these euery voide place in the Pageant was furnished with sentences touchyng the matter and ground of the sayd Pageaunte When all that was to be sayd in this Pageant was ended the Queenes Maiestie passed on forward in Cheape side At the Standert in Cheape which was dressed faire against the time was placed a noyse of Trumpettes with banners and other furniture The Crosse lykewise was also made faire and well trimmed And neere the same vppon the porche of Saint Peeters Church dore stoode the Waites of the Citie which did giue a pleasaunte noyse with their instrumentes as the Queenes Maiestie did passe by whiche on euery side cast hyr countenance and wished well to all hir most louing people Soone
degrees on eyther side were furnished with â—…ixe personages two representing the Nobilitie two the Cleargie and two the Comunaltie And before these personages was writters 〈◊〉 a Table Debora with hir estates consoling for the good gouernment of Israell At the feete of those and the lowest part of the Pageant was ordeyned a conuenient roome for anihelde to open the meaning of the Pageant When the Queenes Maiestie drewe neare vnto thys Pageant and perceyued as in the other the childe readie to speake 〈◊〉 Grace requyred meâ—…e and commaunded hir Chariot to bee rerewared nigher that shee myght plainly heare the childs speake whiche sayde as hereafter followeth Iabin of Canaan king had long by force of armes Opprest the Israelites which for Gods people went But God mynding at last for to redresse theyr harmes The worthie Debora as iudge among them sent In warre she through Gods ayde did put hir foes to flight And with the dint off worde the band of bondage brast In peace she through Gods ayd did alway mainteyne right And iudged Israell till fortie yeares were past A worthie president O worthie Queene thou hast A worthie woman iudge a woman sent for stay And that the like to vs endure alway thou mayst Thy louing subiects will with true hearts and tongs pray Which verses were written vpon the Pageant and the same in latine also Quando dei populum Canaan rex pressit Iaben Mittitur a magno Debora magna deo Quae populum eriperet sanctum seruaret â—…udan Milite quae patrio frangeret hostis opes Haec domino mandante deo lectissima fecit Faemina aduersos contudit ense viros Haec quater denos populum correxerat annos Iudicio bello strenna pace grauis Sic O sic populum belloque pace guberna Debora sis Anglis Elizabetha tuis The voyde places of the Pageant were filled with pretie sentences concerning the same matter The ground of this last Pageant was that forsomuch as the next Pageant before had set before hir graces eyes the flourishing and desolate states of a common weale shee might by this be put in remembrance to consult for the worthie gouernment of hir people considering God oftentymes sent women nobly to rule among men as Debora which gouerned Israell in peace the space of .xl. yeares and that it behoueth both men and women so ruling to vse aduise of good counsaile When the Queenes maiesty had passed this pageaÌ„t she marched toward Temple barre But at S. Dunstones Church where the children of the Hospitall were appointed to stand with their gouernors hir grace perceyuing a childe offred to make an oration vnto hir stayed hir Chariot and did cast vp hir eyes to heauen as who shoulde say I here see this mercifull worke towarde the poore whome I must in the middest of my royaltie needes remember and so turned hir face towarde the childe which in Latin pronounced an Oration to this effect That after the Queenes highnesse had passed through the Citie and had seene so sumptuous riche and notable spectacles of the Citizens which declared theyr most heartie receyuing and ioyous welcomming of hir grace into the same this one spectacle yet rested and remayned which was the euerlasting spectacle of mercie vnto the poore members of Almightie God furthered by that famous and moste noble Prince king Henrie the eight hir graces father erected by the Citie or London and aduaunced by the most godly vertuous and gracious prime King Edwarde the sixt hir Graces deare and louing brother doubting nothing of the mercie of the Queenes moste gracious clemencie by the which they may not onely bee relieued and helped but also stayed and defended and therefore incessantly they woulde pray and crie vnto almightie God for the long life and raigne of hir highnesse with most prosperous victorie against hir enimies The childe after he had ended hir Oration kissed the Paper wherein the same was written and reached it to the Queenes Maiestie which receyued it graciously both with wordes and countenaunce declaring hir gracious mynd towarde their reliefe From thence hir grace came to Templebarre which was dressed finely with the two Images of Gotmagot the Albion and Corineus the Briton two Gyants bigge in stature furnished accordingly whiche helde in theyr handes euen aboue the Gate a Table wherein was written in Latin verses the effect of all the Pageants which the Citie before had erected which verses were these Ecce sub aspectu iam contemplaberis vno O princeps populi sola columna tui Quicquid in immensa passim sim per spexeris vrbe Quae cepere omnes vnus hic arcus habet Primus te solio regni donauit auiti Hares quippe cui vera parentis eras suppressis vitijs domina virtute Secundus Firmauit sedem regia virgo tuam Tertius ex omni posuit te parte beatam Si qua caepisti pergere velle velis Quarto quid verum respublica lapso quid esset Quae florens staret te docuere tui Quinto magna loco monuit te Debora missam Caelitus in regni gaudia longa tui Perge ergo regina tuae spes vnica gentis Haec postrema vrbis suscipe vota tuae Viue diu regnaque diu virtutibus orna Rem patriam populi spem tueare tui Sic o sic petitur caelum Sic itur in astra Hoc virtutis opus caetera mortis erunt Which verses were also written in English meter in a lesse table as hereafter foloweth Beholde here in one view thou marst see all that plaine O princesse to this thy people the onely stay what eche where thou hast seene in this wide towne againe This one arche whatsoeuer the rest concernd doth say The first arche as true heyre vnto thy father deere Did set thee in thy throne where thy grandfather sat The seconde did confyrme thy seate as Princesse here â—â—tues now bearing sway and vices bet downe flatte The thirde if that thou wouldest go on as thou began Declared thee to be 〈◊〉 on euery syde The fourth did vpon 〈…〉 and also taught ther whan The common weale stoode well and when it did thence slide The fift 〈◊〉 Debora declared thee to be sent â—…am heauen a long comfort to vs thy subiects all Therfore go on O Queene on whome our hope is bent 〈◊〉 take with thee this 〈◊〉 of the towne as finall 〈◊〉 long and as long raigne adorming the Countrey 〈◊〉 vertues and mainteine thy peoples hope of thee â—…n thus heauen is wonne thus must thou pierce the 〈◊〉 This is by vertue wrought all other must needed did On the Southside was appoynted by the Citie a noyse of singing children and one childe richly attyred as a Port which gaue the Queenes Maiestie hir farewell in the name of the whole Citie by these wordes â—â—at thine entrance first O Prince of high renowne Thou wast presented with â—â—â—gues and â—â—rth for thy fayre 〈◊〉 now sith thou must needes depart out of this
Marco Molino beside diuers other nobles and Gentlemen of name as wel Italians as Spanyards and Almaynes â—…taren In all there dyed of the Christans to the number of seauen thousande syxe hundred fiftie and sixe beside those that were hurte beeing in like number to them that were slayne 〈◊〉 among the which was Don Iohn de Austria generall of all the Christian army there Sebastian Veniero the Venetians generall and the Counte de Santa Fiore with diuers other Moreouer there were Christian Galeys bouged three of the VenetiaÌ„s one of the Popes one belonging to the Duke of Sauoy and an other to the Knights of Malta Contareno There was one also taken and ledde away by Ochiali and hys company Suche was the successe of this battayle which continued for y e space of sixe houres in the ende whereof the victorye remaynyng with the Christians caused no small reioysing through all parties of Christendome for if thys victory hadde bin followed with hys gracious helpe and assistance that was the giuer thereof the proude and loftie horne of the Ismaelite had bin so bruised as peraduenture hys courage woulde haue quailed to putte forthe the same so speedily as he did but suche is the malice of the time that the Christians haue more pleasure to drawe theyr weapons one against another than against that common enimie of vs all who regardeth neyther Protestante nor Catholique they may be sure those of the Greekish Church nor others as if the merciful prouidence of the Lorde of Hostes doe not in tyme disappoynte hys proceedings it will bee too soone perceyued though happily too late to stoppe the breache when the floud hath gote head and once wonne passage through the banke It were therefore to bee wished of all those that tender the suretie of the Christian common wealth that Princes woulde permitte their subiectes to liue in libertie of conscience concerning matters of faithe and that subiectes agayne woulde bee ready in duetifull wise to obey their Princes in matters of ciuill gouernemente so that compoundyng their controuersies among themselues wyth tollerable conditions they myght employ theyr forces against the common enimie to the benefite of the whole Christian worlde whiche the more is the pitie they haue so long exercised one against another to each others destruction And as for matters in variance about Religion rather to decide the same with the word than with the sworde an instrumente full vnfitte for that purpose and not lightly vsed nor allowed of by the auntiente fathers in time of the primatiue Church But sith this is rather to bee wished than hoped for by anye apparant lykelyhoode considering the strange contrarietie of humors nowe reigning among men in sundry partes of Christendome lette vs leaue the successe of oure wishe to the pleasure of God the author of all good happes who ruleth the heartes of Princes and frameth the peoples mindes as seemeth best to hys diuine prouidence And withall lette vs also humbly offer to him oure prayers instantly besieching him to spare vs in mercy and not to rewarde vs after oure iniquities but rather by hys omnipotente power to turne from vs the violence of oure enimyes in abridging theyr forces as it maye seeme good to hys mercifull fauour and great clemencie The thirtith of December Earle of Kent Reynolde Grey was by the Queenes Maiestie restored Earle of Kente The thirteenth of Ianuary Sir William Peter deceased deceassed Sir William Peeter Knyghte who for hys iudgemente and pregnant witte hadde bin Secretarye and of priuie Counsayle to foure Kynges and Queenes of thys Realm and seauen times Lorde Embassadoure abroade in forraine laÌ„ds hee greately augmented Excester Colledge in Oxforde and also builded tenne Almes houses for the poore in the parishe of Iugarston The sixteenth of Ianuary 1572 Duke of Norffolke araigned the Lord Thomas Howarde Duke of Northfolke was arraigned in Westminster Hall before George Lorde Talbot Earle of Shrewsburye hyghe Stewarde of Englande for that daye and there by hys Peeres founde giltie of hyghe Treason and hadde iudgemente accordinglye The eleuenth of Februarye Kenelme Barney and Edmonde Mather Mather Barney and Rolfe executed were drawen from the Tower of London and Henry Rolfe from the Malshalsey in Southwarke all three to Tiburne and there hanged bowelled and quartered for Treason Barney and Mather for conspiracye and Rolfe for counterfayting of the Queenes Maiesties hande The tenthe of Marche deceassed Sir William Paulet Knyghte Lorde Sainte Iohn Sir William Paulet Lorde Treasorer deceased Earle of Wilshire Marques of Winchester Knyghte of the honorable order of the Garter one of the Queenes Maiesties priuie CouÌ„sell and Lorde high Treasorer of Englande at his mannour of Basing This worthy man was borne in the yeare of oure Lorde .1483 the fyrste yeare of Kyng Richarde the thyrde and lyued aboute the age of fourescore and seauen yeares in syxe Kynges Queenes dayes He serued fiue Kings and Queenes Henrye the seuenth Henry the eyght Edwarde the sixt Queene Mary and Queene Elizabeth All these he serued faithfully and of theÌ„ was greatly fauoured Himselfe did see the Children of hys Childrens Children growing to the number of 103. A rare blessing giuen by God to men of his calling The fyue and twentith and sixe and twentith of Marche by the commaundement of the Queenes Maiestie hir Counsell the Citizens of London assembling at theyr seuerall Halles the Maisters collected and chose out the most likely and actiue persons of euery theyr companies to the number of three thousande whome they appoynted to bee pikemen and shotte the pikemen were forthwith armed in faire corslets and other furniture according therevnto the Gunners hadde euery of them hys Calliuer with the furniture and Morians on theyr heads To these were appoynted dyuers valiaunte Captaynes who to trayne them vppe in warlike feates mustered them thrice euery weeke sometymes in the artillerie yarde teachyng the Gunners to handle theyr peeces sometimes at the Myles ende and in Sainte Georges fielde teaching them to skirmishe In the whyche skirmishing on the Myles ende the tenth of April one of the Gunners of the Goldsmithes company was shotte in the syde with a peece of a skouring sticke left in one of the Caliuers whereof hee dyed and was buryed the twelfth of Aprill in Sainte Paules Churchyarde all the Gunners marchyng from the Miles ende in battell ray shot off theyr Caliuers at his graue On May day they mustred at Greenewiche before the Queenes Maiestie where they shewed many warlike feates but were muche hindered by the weather whyche was all daye showring they returned that nyght to London and were discharged on the nexte morrowe Earles of Essex and Lincolne created The fourth of May Walter Deueroux Lord Ferrers of Chartley and Viscount of Hereforde was created Earle of Essex And Edwarde Fines Lord Clinton and Say high Admirall of Englande was created Earle of Lincolne The eyght of May the Parliamente beganne at Westminster
vpon Saint Laurence day caused all the corne in the Countrey about and namely that which belonged to the sayd Abbay to be spoyled and brought into a Castell which he had in keeping not far froÌ„ thence Eustace king Stephens son and Simon Earle of Northamton depart this life both in one weeke But as he sat down to meat the same day vpoÌ„ receiuing the first morsel he fell mad as writers haue reported miserably ended his life The same week of a like disease Simon Erle of NorthaÌ„pton departed this world so two of the chiefest aduersaries which Duke Henrie had were rid out of the way Eustace was buried at Feuersam in Kent erle Simon at NorthaÌ„pton The Earlr of Chester deceasseth About the same time also that noble valiaÌ„t erle of Chester called Ranulf departed this life a maÌ„ of such stoutnesse of stomacke y t vneth might death make him to yeeld or shewe any token of feare He was poisoned as was thought by William Peuerell And whereas king Stephen was the cause of all the troubles in hauing vsurped an other mannes rightfull inheritaunce it pleased God to moue his hart now at leÌ„gth to couet peace which he had euer before abhorred The cause that moued him chiefly to chaunge his former purpose was for that his sonne Eustace by speedie death was taken out of this worlde as before yee haue heard which losse seemed great not onely to the father but also to al those Lords and other which had euer taken his parte bycause he was a yong man so well lyked of all men The Ladie Constance 〈◊〉 to Eustace 〈◊〉 home that he was iudged to be borne to all honour But his wife CoÌ„stance aboue measure tooke his death moste sorowfully and the more indeede for that shee had brought forth no issue by him wherevpon she was shortly after sente honourably home to hir father King Lewes with hir dower other rich and princely gyftes King Stephen therefore seeing him depriued of his onely sonne vnto whome hee mynded to leaue the kingdome which he so earnestly sought establish to him by warlyke trauaile and that againe the French kings ayde woulde not bee so readie as heretofore it had beene wherevpon he much stayed nowe that the bondes of affinitie were abolished he began then a length although not immediatly vpo his sonnes deceasse to withdraw his minde from fantasying the warre and enclyned it altogither to peace King Stephen began to encline his mind to peace which inclination being perceyued those Nobles that were glad to see the state of their Countrey quieted did theyr best to further it namely the Archbishop of Canterbury Theobald Mat. Par. trauailed ernestly to bring the princes to some agreement now talking with the king now sending to the duke vsing al meanes possible to make theÌ„ both at one Ger. Do. The Bishop of Winchester also that had caused all the trouble vpon consideration of the great calamities wherwith the land was most miserably afflicted began to wish an end thereof Whervpon the lordes spirituall temporall were called togither at Winchester about the latter end of NoueÌ„ber that they might also with their consentes confirme that which the king and duke should conclude vpon An assembly of Lordes at Winchester Thus was there a publike assemble made in the citie of Winchester whither also duke Henrie came and being ioyfully receyued of the king in the Bishops Palace they were made friendes the king admitting the duke for his sonne the duke the king for his father A peace concluded betwixt the king and the duke And so the agreemeÌ„t which through the careful suite of the Archbishop of CaÌ„terburie had beene with such diligence to good effect laboured was now confirmed The chief articles whereof were these That king Stephen during his naturall life should remaine king of England Some writers haue recorded that duke HeÌ„rie should presently by this agreement enâ—…oy hâ—…lfe the realm of Englande that HeÌ„rie the Empresses sonne shoulde enioy the dukedome of Normandie and further be proclamed heyre apparant to succeede in the kingdome and gouernment of Englande after the deceasse of Stephen Moreouer such noble men other which had taken either the one partie or the other during the time of the ciuill warres should be in no daunger for the same but enioy theyr lands possessions liuings according to their auncient rightes and titles There was also consideration had of a sonne whiche King Stephen had named William who though hee were very yong was yet appoynted to sweare fealtie vnto duke Henrie as lawfull heyre to the crowne The same William had the Citie of Norwich diuerse other landes assigned him for the maintenance of his estate that by the consent and agreement of duke HeÌ„rie his adopted brother Moreouer it was concluded that the king should resume take into his hands againe all those portions and parcels of inheritance belonging to the crowne as he had giuen away or were otherwise vsurped by any maner of person and that all those possessions which by any intrusion had beene violently taken froÌ„ the right owners fith the dayes of king Henrie shoulde bee again restored to them that were rightly possessed in the same by the dayes of the aforesayd king Moreouer it was agreed Mat. Par. Castels to be rased in number .1115 that all those Castels which contrarie to all reason and good order had beene made and builded by any maner of person in the dayes of King Stephen shoulde be ouerthrowne and cast downe whiche in number were founde to bee .xj. hundred and fiftene The king also vndertooke to refourme all such misorders as the warre had brought in as to restore fermers to their holdings to repayre the decayed buyldisss to store the pastures and leassues with cattell the hilles with sheepe to see that the Cleargie might enioy theyr due quietnesse and not to be oppressed with any vndue exactions to place Sherifes where they had beene accustomed to beare rule with instructions giuen to them to deale vprightly in causes so as offenders might not escape through brybes or any other respect of friendship but that euery man might receyue according to right and equitie that which was his due That Souldiers shoulde conuert theyr swords as Esay sayth into Culters and plough shares theyr Speares into Mattockes and so returne from the campe to the plough and suche as were wont to keepe watche in the night season might now sleepe and take theyr rest without any daunger That the husbande man might bee relieued of all vexation and that Marchant men and occupiers might enioy theyr trade of occupying to theyr aduauncement one kind and maner of siluer coyne to runne through the lande so as the war that had continued now for the space of .xvij. yeares might in this sort bee brought to ende and fully pacified These things being thus concluded at Winchester the king tooke
the duke with him to London doing to him all the honour he coulde deuise The news wherof being spred abrode euery good man that was the childe of peace reioyced thereat And thus through the great mercie of our God peace was restored vnto the decayed state of this realme of England These things being thus accomplished with great ioy and tokens of loue K. Stephen and his new adopted sonne duke Henry tooke leaue either of other appoynting shortly after to meete againe at Oxford there to perfect euerie article of their agreement which was thus accorded a little before Christmas And for the more perfect vnderstanding of the same agreemēt I haue thought good to set down the verie tenor of the charter thereof made by king Stephen as I haue copied it and translated it into Englishe oute of an autentike booke conteyning the olde Lawes of the Saxon and Danishe Kinges in the ende whereof the same Charter is exemplifyed whiche booke is remayning with the right worshipfull William Fleetewoodde Esquire nowe Recorder of London The Charter of King Stephen of the pacification of the troubles betwixt him and Henrie Duke of Normandie STephen king of Englande to all Archbishops Bishops Abbots Earles Iusticers Sherifes Barons and all his faythfull subiectes of England sendeth greeting Know ye that I K. Stephen haue ordeyned Henry Duke of Normandie after me by right of inheritance to be my successour and heyre of the kingdome of England and so haue I giuen and graunted to him his heyres the kingdome of England For the which honor gift and cōfirmation to him by me made he hath done homage to mee and with a corporall othe hath assured mee that he shall bee faythfull and loyall to mee and shall to his power preserue my life and honour and I on the other syde shall mainteyne and preserue him as my sonne and heyre in all things to my power and so farre as by any wayes or meanes I may And William my son hath done his lawfull homage William son to king Stephen and assured his fidelitie vnto the sayd Duke of Normandie and the Duke hath graunted to him to holde of him all those tenements and holdings which I helde before I atteyned to the possession of the Realme of Englande wheresoeuer the same be in England Normandie or else where and whatsoeuer he receyued with the daughter of Earle Warrenne Earle of Warrenne eyther in Englande or Normandie and likewyse whatsoeuer apperteyneth to those honours and the Duke shall putte my sonne William and hys menne that are of that honour in full possession and seasine of all the landes Boroughes and rentes whiche the Duke thereof nowe hath in his Demaine and namely of those that belong to the honour of the Earle Warrenne and namely of the Castelles of Bellencumber The Castels Bellen Cumber and Mortimer and Mortimer so that Reginalde de Warrenne shall haue the keeping of the same Castelles of Bellencumbre and of Mortimer if hee wyll and therevppon shall gyue Pledges to the Duke and if he wyll not haue the keeping of those Castelles then other liege men of the sayde Earle Warrenne whome it shall please the Duke to appoynte shall by sure Pledges and good suretye keepe the sayde Castelles And moreouer the Duke shall delyuer vnto him according to my will and pleasure the other Castelles whiche are belonging vnto the Earledome of Mortaigne by safe custodie and pledges The Erledom of Mortaigne so soone as he conueniently may so as all the pledges are to bee restored vnto my sonne free so soone as the Duke shall haue the Realme of Englande in possession The augmentation also whiche I haue gyuen vnto my sonne William he hath likewise graunted the same to hym to witte the Castell and Towne of Norwiche wyth seuen hundred pounde in landes Norwich so as the rentes of Norwiche bee accounted as parcell of the same seuen hundred pounde in landes and all the Countie of Norffolke the profites and rentes excepted whiche belong to Churches Bishoppes Abbottes Earles and namely also excepted the thirde pennie whereof Hugh Bygot is Earle Hugh Bigot sauing also and reseruing the Kings royall iurisdiction for administration of iustice Also the more to strengthen my fauour and loue to hymwardes the Duke hath gyuen and graunted vnto my sayde sonne whatsoeuer Richer de Aquila hath of the honour of Peuensey Richer de Egle. And moreouer the Castell and Towne of Peuensey and the seruice of Faremouth besyde the Castell and Towne of Douer and whatsoeuer apperteyneth to the honour of Douer The Duke hath also confyrmed the Churche of Feuersham wyth the appurtenaunces and all other things gyuen or restored by mee vnto other Churches The Church of Feuersham hee shall confyrme by the counsayle and aduice of holye Churche and of mee The Earles and Barons that belong to the Duke whiche were neuer my leeges for the honoure whiche I haue done to theyr Maister they haue nowe done homage and sworne feaultie to mee the couenauntes alwayes saued betwixte mee and the sayde Duke The other whiche hadde before done homage to mee haue sworne feaultie to mee as to theyr soueraigne Lorde And if the Duke shoulde breake and goe from the premysses then are they altogyther to ceasse from doyng hym anye seruice tyll hee refourme hys mysdoings And my Sonne also is to constrayne hym thereto according to the aduice of holye Churche if the Duke shall chaunce to goe from the couenauntes afore mentioned My Earles and Barons also haue done theyr liege homage vnto the Duke sauyng theyr faythe to mee so long as I liue and shall holde the Kingdome wyth lyke condition that if I doe breake and goe from the premytted couenauntes that then they maye ceasse from doing to me any seruice till the tyme I haue refourmed that which I haue done amysse The Citizens also of Cityes and those persones that dwell in Castelles whiche I haue in my Demayne by my commaundemente haue done Homage and made assuraunce to the Duke sauyng the fidelitye whiche they owe to me during my lyfe and so long as I shall holde the Kingdome They whiche keepe the Castell of Wallingforde haue done theyr Homage to mee Walingforde Castell and haue gyuen to mee Pledges for the obseruing of theyr fidelitie And I haue made vnto the Duke suche assurance by the coūsaile and aduice of holy Church of the Castelles and strengthes whiche I holde that when I shall departe this lyfe the Duke thereby may not runne into any losse or impechment whereby to bee debarred from the Kingdome The Tower of London Mota de Winsor Richarde de Lucie The Tower of London and the Fortresse of Windsor by the counsaile and aduice of holy Churche are deliuered vnto the Lorde Rycharde de Lucie safely to be kept which Richarde hath taken an othe and hath delyuered his sonne in pledge to remayne in the handes and custodie of the Archbishop of Canterburie that after my