his subiects vvith exactions dyed when he had raigned 18. yeres Antonius Comodus defamed himselfe by his wicked life and died suddainly raigning twelue yeeres 8. months Pertinax was very olde when hee was chosen and hauing raigned but 80. daies he was slaine in an vproare which sell among the gard by the meanes of Iulian. Didicus Iulianus bought the Empire vvith mony hee was a noble man expert in the lawes he was ouercom by Seuerus slaine in his pallace raigning 7. months Seuerus the only Emperour created forth of Affrique he was very couetous by nature cruell hee subdued Brittaine deceased at Yorke raigning 18. yeres Antoninus killed his brother Geta in hys mothers presence hee founded the Baths at Rome was much giuen to lust he espoused his mother in law Iuba and was slaine of Macrinus when he had raigned 6. yeeres Opilius Macrinus Diadumenus hys son succeeded were both slaine in a sedition raigning but one yeere 2. months Heliogabalus vvas a most dissolute wicked Emperour the base sonne of Antoninus he vvith his mother Semiamira were drawn vvith all spight through the Citty of Rome their bodies were torne in peeces cast into Tiber he raigned sixe yeeres Alexander Seuerus beeing but 17. yeeres old was chosen Emperour hee was a very vertuous Prince and the first Emperor that fauoured the Christians hee vvas slaine in Fraunce in a tumult that arose among the souldiours by the meanes of Maximinus in the thirteene yeere of his raigne Maximinus vvas first a Sheephearde in Thracia and afterward became a souldiour hee vvas the first that aspired to the Empyre by meanes of souldiours only he was slaine by Pupienus at Aquileia when he had raigned three yeeres Three at once bare the name of Augustus Pupienus Balbinus and Gordianus the the first two so soone as they came to Rome were slaine in the pallace Gordianus raigned alone he was come of a noble progeny and when he had raigned sixe yeeres he vvas slaine by the treason of Phillip who succeeded him Philip was the first Emperour that proâ—essed the Christian saith hee was slaine by Decius when he had raigned 5. yeares Decius made an act that all that worshipped Christ should be slaine both he and his â—onne were slaine in Barbary after they had â—aigned 2. yeares some write he was swallowed vp in an earthquake Virius Gallus and Volusianus his sonne â—aigned together then Emilianus attempted new conspiracies in Moesia and when they both went to subdue him they were slaine at â—teramna not raigning full out two yeares â—hey persecuted the Christians Aemilianus as hee was descended of base stock so was the time of his Empire obscure and without fame when he had raigned 3 moneths he was slaine Valerianus raigned 6. yeres he was discomfited taken prisoner by Sapores King of Persia who wheÌ„ he would take his horse he made Valerianus lie on the ground that hee might tred on him while he got on horsback he was slaine at Millaine ruled 6. yeares Galienus was lerned but giuen to great excesse dronkennes he was slaine likewise at Millaine hauing raigned with his Father 6. yeares and 9. after him Flauius Claudius a vertuous Prince sober and a maintayner of iustice within two yerâ— after he began his raigne sickned and dyed he ouercame the Gothes the Germaines restored Aegipt to the Empire Quintilius semblable as vertuous as hiâ— brother by the assent of the Senat was made Augustus and was slaine within 17. dayes after he began his raigne Aurelianus was borne in Denmark a stout man in war but cruell he was slaine through the treason of his owne seruants when he had raigned 5. yeres 6. moneths he was the first that wore a crowne imperial robes of gold and pearle which before were strange to the Romaines Tacitus a man of exceeding good conditions dyed within 6. moneths after his enterance Florianus raigned 2. moneths 20. daies he dyed by incision of his owne vaines did nothing worthy of memory Probus a man well expert in warfare a stout and iust man was slaine in an vproare which grew among the Souldiours when he had raigned 6. yeares 3. moneths Carus made his sonnes Carasius Numirianus Emperour with him Numirianus was vertuous and Carasius as wicked as Nero they raigned 2. yeares Carus was slaine with lightning and Numerianus by treason and Carasius by his owne companie Dioclesian was of ripe wisedome and garnished with many vertues yet a great persecutour of the Christians Maximinianus was associated to him in the Empire the first raigned 20. yeres they both left the Empire and liued priuatly Dioclesian slew himselfe for feare of Licinius Constantinus Maximinianus was slaine of Constantius his brother in law Constantius and Galerius sirnamed Armenius for that he somtimes kept beasts raigned 4. yers with great praise CoÌ„stantius died in England and Galerius killed himselfe Constantinus as some write was the first Emperor that professed the name of Christ he bulded CoÌ„stantinople in that place which was called Bizantium he was a vertuous godly Prince he raigned 30. yeares Three Emperours and Caesars raigned at once Constantinus in Fraunce Spaine and Germany Constantius in the East Constans in Italy The first was slaine when hee had raigned 3. yeares the second was killed by Magnentius wheÌ„ he had raigned 13 yeres and Constans died when he had ruled 39. Iulianus the Apostata raigned 3. yeares he was a great persecutor of the Christians whâ— he was deadly wounded and lay vppon the ground he threw his blood to heauen-ward saying Vicisti Gallilaee Iouinianus was a very good Prince and fauorer of the Gospel he instituted that titheâ— should be paid he died sodainly when he had raigned 7 moneths Valentianus Valens raigned foureteene yeres they were both Christians Valens was slaine by the Gothes and Valentianus dyed by an extreame bleeding Gratianus raigned sixe yeares hee was a true maintainer of religion and learned hee made Theodosius partner with him and was slaine in Fraunce by his Gouernour Maximus Theodosius raigned after him eleauen yeares hee was a Spaniard and a godly and vertuous Prince restoring the peace to the Church whose death Saint Ambrose bewailed and writ thus of him That hee was more carefull for the estate of the Church thaâ— to preuent his owne dangers Arcadius raigned with his brother Honorius the one in the East 15 yeares the other in the VVest 29 yeres and dyed Theodosius the 2 sonne of Arcadius ruled â—t Constantinople 42. yeares he was a most vertuous Prince and chose Valentinian as â—hen a child to raigne with him he dyed of â—he pestilence Valentinianus was slaine by a Souldiour hired of one Maximus to that end for that he had forced his wife he raigned fiue and twenty yeares Martianus after he had gouerned the Empire 7 yeares was poysoned at Constantinople by the treasons of Ardibure and Aspar hys Father beeing a vertuous and iust Prince Leo the first ruled 17 yeares
chosen pope but not by all parties and therfore the Emperor appoynted Octauius whom he called Victor the fourth after whose death three Popes succeeded in order Paschalis Calixtus and Innocentius against Alexander hee trod vpon the Emperours necke who sued being excommunicated to be vbsolued dyed 1181. Lucius the third a Thuscane borne of an honourable house enioyed the popedome with much trouble he died at Verona anno 1185. Vrbanus the third for his seditious troublesome dealing was called Turbanus hee dyed anno 1188. Gregory the eight was carefull for the recouery of the Holy land vvho going to stirrre vp the Pisans and Genowais in this matter he was poysoned when he had raigned two moneths Clement the third after the death of VVilliam King of Sicill who had no heire claymed it to bee tributary to the Church of Rome but the people chose TraÌ„cred bastard to King VVilliam who withstoode the pope and his forces he dyed 1191. Celestine the third crowned Henry the sixt Emperour and put the crowne vpon his head with his foote whilst hee stooped and then spurned it off saying I haue power to make and vnmake Emperours at my pleasure he dyed 1198. Innocentius the third enraged that Phillip vvas made Emperour agaynst his vvill sayde Eyther shall the Pope spoyle Phillip of his crowne and Empire or else shall Phillippe take from the Pope his Apostolicall dignitie Hee stirred vppe Otho a Duke against him and by another Otho he vvas slayne who vvas afterwardes made Emperour by the Pope He excommunicated Otho and spoyled him of al his estate creating in his place Frederick the second he also excommunicated and cursed king Iohn of England but by submission hee receaued his crowne of Pandolphus the Popes Legate he dyed 1216. Honorius the third graunted Archbishops power to giue pardons faculties dispensations dualities pluralities within theyr Diocesse being sicke of the spirituall dropsie he dranke vp the treasures gf the Clergy and had two Prebends of euery cathedrall Church in England one of the Bishops stipend and the other from the Charter as Matheus Parisius writeth in his time it rayned blood for the space of three dayes in Rome he dyed 1227. Gregory the ninth maintayned the quarell of Honorius against the Emperour whom he excommunicated and cursed three times as Abbas Vspergensis wryteth vvhilst the Emperour was warring in the Holy land he tooke Apulia into his possession he made the diuision in Italy betweene the Guelphs and Gibelines he died for thought that the Emperours power preuailed agaynst him 1241. Caelestine the fourth an aged man purposed to pursue the quarrell against Frederick but that he was poysoned the 18. day of his raigne Innocentius the fourth deposed Frederick from the Empire cursed his sonne Conradus in his time by a counsell held at Lions it was decreed that the Cardinals should ride on their trapped Iennets throgh the streets and weare red hats crimson robes to signifie sayth Parisius that they are ready to spend theyr blood for the catholique fayth but as Platina wryteth for the honour of their estate Robert Grosted Bishop of Lincolne detested and defied both in preaching and wryting this popes couetousnes pride and tirany nor would admit an vnlearned youth to a canoniship of Lincolne but rebuked the pope for it in a letter Cestensis in his seauenth booke wryteth that when this Bishop of Lincolne dyed a voyce was heard in the popes Court saying Veni miser in iudicium Dei Come thou wretch to be iudged of God and that the pope was found dead in his bed the next day a blew stroke vpon his body as though he had been beaten with a staffe anno 1253 he being at Naples and gaping for the kingdome of Sicill Alexander the fourth persecuted the King of Sicill and in his time anno 1258. Richard Earle of Cornwall sonne to King Iohn of England was chosen King of Almaine for his great treasure and the pope procured that he was chosen Emperour but he did that closely because hee had likewise for the same matter taken a bribe of Alphonsus King of Spaine wher-vpon a Poet made this verse Nummus ait pro me nubet Cornubia Romae Thus money sayth for loue of me Cornwall with Rome shall linked be This Pope dyed anno Domini 1262. Vrban the fourth before Patriarch of Ierusalem as soone as he was pope commaunded Souldiours out of Fraunce to subdue Manfred the enemy of their Church vvhile this pope was from Rome at Pruse the Romains coueting their old liberties made a new kind of officers calling them Branderesies vvho had power of life death in their hands Mascaeus sayth that a blazing starre appeared three nights before the death of Vrban and ceased the same night he dyed 1264. Clement the fourth before he came to be Pope was a maried man and had three children by his wife hee sent for Charles Earle of Aniow to bring an Army into Italy where he slew Manfred and was made King of Sicill and Ierusalem vpon condition that he should pay yerely to the pope forty thousand crownes hee dyed at Viterbium 1270. and the seate was void two yeares Gregory the 10 of the house of Millaine made peace betweene the Venâ—tiuns and Genevvayes hee excommunicated the Florentines After the Empire had beene voyde a long time he made Rodolphus Earle of Haspurg Emperour because he should maintaine ciuill dissention after that Alphonsus king of Spayne had bestovved huge summes of money in hope to be Emperour especially the Duke of Cornvvall beeing deade the Pope appeased him with words enough but no recoÌ„pence in mony toward his charges Hee died at Arelium in the fift yeere of his popeship is there buried who neuer cam to Rome nor saw it Parisius Innocentius the 5. dyed the same yere that Gregory did raigning but 6. months Hadrian the 5. died at ViterbiuÌ„ ere he was coÌ„secrated Pope 40. daies after his election Iohn the 22. a Phisition by profession succoured with money and ecclesiasticall lyuings diuers young men that vvere toward in learning and especially the poorest Hee prophecied by the course of starres that hee should lyue long but vvhilst he vvas vainely vaunting thereof the Chamber vvherein he vvas fell down suddenly Valerius calleth the place which fel down Gamesters hall and Stella the Popes precious Chamber for the gorgiousnes therof he raigned 8. months Nicholas the 3. by his falshoode brought Flaunders Bononia and the royalty of Rauenna vvhich long time belonged to the Emperour vnder his owne power he dyed suddenly of an Apoplexie without speaking any word ann 1281. Martin the 4. bestowed great priuiledges vpon the begging Friers and as hee was taking his accustomed recreation vvith hys Cardinalls as Carsulanus writeth a certain secret disease came vppon him whereof hee dyed an 1285. This Pope in the first yeere of his raigne receiued into his familiarity the Concubine of his predecessor Nicholas but to auoyde the like chaunce that his child
Themistocles were both by nature vicious but by education vertuous the one made a perfect man by Phylosophy the other by the example of Miltiades M. Portius Cato would needs be Schoolemaister to his owne children which institution did much auaile them not so much because he was Cato as that hee was their Father Plutarch Iulius Caesar adopted his nephew Octauius and brought him vp himselfe Amongst the Heluetians or Switzers wheÌ„ one was condemned to death order was taken that the execution thereof shoulde bee done by the Father who was the cause of his euill education that he might come to hys death by the authour of his life and that the father might in some sort be punished for his negligence vsed towards his child Traianus and Adrianus at theyr own charges caused fiue thousand noble mens Chyldren of Rome to be brought vp in learning vertue and feates of Armes for the profiâ— of the Common-wealth Eutropius Eteocles one of the most noble Euphorie of Lacedemonia freely aunswered Antipater asking 50. pledges that he would not gyue him chyldren least if they were brought vp farre from their Fathers they should change the auncient custome of liuing vsed in theyr owne country and become vicious but of old men women he would giue him double the number if he would be so pleased to accept of them Leo the Emperour wished that Schoolemaisters might receiue the pay of men at Armes Alexander caused thirty thousand children of those nations hee had conquered to bee brought vp vnder professors of sundry Sciences by whose policies if he had lyued he had thought to haue held al the whole world in awe Plutarch Hipperides an Orator of Greece sayde to one who tolde him that hee had sent a slaue with his sonne to gouerne him You haue doone very well for in sted of one slaue at his returne you shall receiue two The Cittizens of Rome dyd throw Scemides with her sonne Heliogabalus aliue into the riuer Tyber to beare him company for that she bare and brought vp such a gulfe of mischiefes Suetrnius Plato had his education among the priest of Egipt where he learned such instructions as made his phylosophie so perfect that whatâ—soeuer proceeded from the mouth of Plato vvas accounted diuine The Lacedemonians vvere wont to make choyse of men of learning and vvisedome for the education of theyr cittizens and them they called Publique Tutors for vvhich respect they were holden vertuous men in action valiant of courage and excellent in martiall discipline The Phylosophers in Greece made certayne playes for the instruction of young men vvhich discipline eternall memorie hath preserued till these our dayes In Iulius Caesar there wanted no fortitude for he ouercame many neyther clemencie for hee pardoned his enemies neyther liberality for hee gaue away kingdoms neither science for he vvrote many bookes neither fortune for hee vvas Lord of all men but he vvanted good manners vvhich is the foundation of a quiet life Suetonius King Philip of Macedon vowed his sonne vnto Aristotle as soone as euer he was born and afterward did put him happily into hys hands and he trained him vp in philosophy Comodus the Emperor was a very vertuous chyld in the beginning and had good education but in the end he prooued a most vvicked Prince Suetonius Nero wanted no good instructions such a maister he had as neuer any had a better yet among all the Emperours of Rome not any one was worse then he Tacitus Iulian the Apostate tooke away all beneuolences and contributions to schooles of â—earning to the end the chyldren might not be instructed in the liberal Arts but brought vp in ignorance Caligula the fourth Emperour of Rome vvas brought vp vvith such cost and delicacie in his youth that they doubted in Rome whether Drusius Germanicus his Father employed more for the Armies in vvarres then Caligula his sonne spent in the cradle for his pleasures Suetonius The Mother of Alexander the twenty sixe Emperour of Rome was so carefull of her sonnes education that shee kept continually a guard of men to take heed that no vicious man came vnto him to corrupt him in euill Herodian Of Wit Memory A good wit hath three degrees of hope of practising of perfection the first is in chyldren the second in young men in beeing perceiued 3. wayes by desire to learne by quicke conceit by a good memory The third of perfection is in the elder sort when they quickly conceiue faithfully remember and fruitfully put in practise those things which they haue learned ESdras the priest had the lawes of the Hebrues at his fingers end Alâ—ibiades wheresoeuer hee vvas and in vvhat country soeuer hee soiourned coulde easily frame himselfe according to the manners of the people Plutarch Such another was Marcus Antonius for at Rome hee vvoulde liue like a Romane and would seeme a right Senator in Egipt vvho more licentious Seuerus the good Emperor because of his stable wit and iudgment was called Seuerus Pertinax Eutropius Clemens the sixt vvas of so good a memory that whatsoeuer he once learned hee neuer after forgot Mithridates was of so great a memory that he could call euery one of his Souldiours by name Appian Anthony of Gueuara sometimes his memory would be so good and wit so quicke and skill so excellent that he could deuide an haire and sweepe a graine at other times he wished not onely 5. but 10. sences which wee call wittes The first lesson that Socrates taught his Schollers was Remember learne to forget that which thou hast ill learned Lirinensis The Sophists of Greece could with theyr eloquence and copiousnes of wit make of a Mouse an Elephant and a mountaine of a molehill The Schollers of Pythagoras learned his precepts by hart vsing their wits memories for bookes Portius neuer forgotte any thing that hee once reade before Seneca could rehearse after one by hearing two hundred verses Aelius Adrianus amongst a great army of Souldiours if any one were missing straight knew who it was Iustinus Scipio could call all his Souldiers by name Plutarch I. Caesar could reade talke heare and aunâ—swere at one time Plinie Carmedes a Grecian neuer heard anie thing but he could repeate it word by word without writing Pythagoras was willed of Mercury to aske what hee would but immortality and hee should haue it of whom he obtained to keep in memory all things that he had heard and seene Laertius Lucullus is recorded of Tully for his excellent memory The Aegiptians vsed characters and figures for their memory which was called locall memory Baptista Hortensius could pronounce out of hand with his tongue what he wrote with his pen. Plinie Cyneas being sent from King Pyrrhus to Rome the second day in the Senate house before all the people of Rome he named all the Senators Cyrus could call euery Souldiour in his campe by name Xenophon Cassius Seuerus sayde that although his bookes were burned hee caried all his learning in mind and
sometimes leading him sometimes bearing him he brought him safe to Sicelie so did Aeneas for Anchises his father Idem Metellus the father and the sonne the one Captaine vnder Anthony the other vnder Caesar the Father being prisoner and beeing condemned his sonne sayde to Caesar Thys hath beene thy enemy ô Caesar and I thy friend him thou must punish and me rewarde I desire thee to saue my father for mee or let mee die for him at whose request he was saued Idem Crates Thebanus deliuered a stock of mony to his friends vpon this condition that if it shoulde happen his children to bee fooles they should therewith be maintained but if they became learned and phylosophers then to distribute it to the poore Dem. Mag. Periander one of the 7. Sages of Greece and a Tyrant sent for his sonne Licophorna that with his owne hands hee might kill him because he mourned for the death of his mother which when the Cittizens of Corcyra knew they put him to death themselues to deliuer him from his Fathers tiranny Vale. Maximus Priamus had by Hecuba fifty Sonnes and Daughters Orodes king of Parthians thirtie Artaxerxes a hundred and fifteene Erothinus King of the Arabians seauen hundred in confidence of whom he inuaded the confines of his enemies and with seuerall inroads he wasted the Lands of Egypt and Syria Petrarch Petrarch writeth of a married woman that had twelue seuerall children by twelue seuerall men one of them a yeere elder then the other who ready to die tolde her husband of them all he was Father but to the eldest and reckoning vp the Fathers of the other the youngest cryed to her good mother giue me a good Father to whom she sayde that a very rich man was his father wherevpon the childe was glad saying If hee be rich I haue a good father Astapus Amphorinus bare such loue to their parents that their Citty beeing burned they tooke them vpon their shoulders and carried them through the midst of the fire A woman of Athence her father called Cymon being in pryson where he was like to be famished craued so much leaue of the Keeper that shee might haue accesse to her Father whō with her milke shee preserued long time from death Harpalice her father being takē prisoner by the Getes redeemed him with more celerity then can be thought in a woman Seruius It is written that three bretheren striuing vvho should enioy their fathers land vvere content to be agreed by the King swearing that they vvould stand to that which hee determined the King commaunded the dead body of the Father to bee taken vp saying that hee vvhich shot neerest the hart should be the right successor the eldest shotte him in the throate the second in the breast neere the hart but the third abhorring this damned resolution sayd I had rather yeeld all to my brothers then bee so degenerate To whom for his vertue and reuerence to his father the King adiudged the land Israell many yeeres lamented the losse of one of his sonnes for whom when hee vvas 120. yeeres old he vvent downe with al his family into Egypt Dauid greatly lamented the death of his rebellious sonne Absalon Orodes King of Persia hearing that his son Pacorus was slaine in the wars against Ventidius vvith extreame greefe therof became mad Rauisius Auctolia the daughter of Sinon and wife of Laertes vnderstanding a false report of Vlisses death her sonne at Troy dyed for sorrow Idem Anius King of Thuscans had a Daughter called Salia whom when Oritheus had stoln away threvve himselfe violently into a Riuer called afterward by his own name Plutarch Lucius Gellius when in a maner he knew that his sonne had beastly abused himselfe with his stepmother and attempted to bereaue him of life became himselfe this wretches defender and before the Senate acquited him both of fault and punishment Val. Maximus Dioschorus put to death his vertuous and religious Daughter Barbara for imbracing the Christian fayth Ptolomeus Euergetes beeing expulsed his kingdome for his crueltie killed his sonne in Cyprus whom hee had by his sister Cleopatra sent her his head feete for a token Liuius Apteras Saturnus caused his owne Father to be gelded killed his owne sonnes held continuall vvarres against his bretheren Berosus Deiotarus hauing many sonnes murthethered all saue one that he which suruiued al the rest might be mightier and of greater power Gellius Hippomenes an Athenian Prince for that his daughter Lima was founde in adulterie caused her to be close shutte vp with a horse giuing her no releefe but the horse almost famished deuoured his daughter Laertius Oppianicus contrary to the common nature of Parents was content for money to forsake his children Cicero Domitius detested his sonne Nero for no other cause but that hee had begotten him vpon Agrippina Suetonius Medea beeing forsaken of Iason murdered her owne sonnes Ouid. Herod commaunded his onely child to be killed among the general massacre of the innocents in Iurie vvhich vvhen Augustus heard he sayd That he had rather bee Herods hog then his child Iosephus Prusius King of Bithinia was murthered of his owne sonne when he had committed the rule vnto him P. Malleolus for killing of his mother was the first amongst the Romans that vvas sowed in a sacke and cast into the sea Liuius Cham the youngest sonne of Noah his Father being drunke lying naked called his brethren to that vnnatural sight who going backwards couered theyr fathers secrets for the which they were blessed the posterity of Cham accursed Gene. 6. Absalon rising against his father Dauid expelled him his kingdome afterward assayled by Ioab fled and was hanged by his haire vpon an Oake Helie the Prophet winking at the faultes of his children though forewarned of Samuel died a violent death and his sonnes both in one howre were slaine in battaile by the Philistines as a iust reuenge for their former disobedience Regum 11. Adramelach and Sarazar murdered theyr Father Senacharib for which they were driuen out of theyr kingdome and ended theyr dayes in exile 4. Reg. Irene pulled out her sonne Constantines eyes because hee began to beare himselfe ouer proudly in the Empire Eristhenes was famished of his mother because he fought in battaile with no courage Rauisius Damatria when shee heard that her sonne had not behaued himselfe in battaile as the sonne of so woorthy a mother shoulde haue doone at his returne killed him Orchanus caused his daughter to be buried aliue because Apollo had rauished her Ouid. Tigranes killed one of his sons because he would not take him vp when hee had a fall at hunting for that hee set the crowne vpon his head Appian Machates the sonne of Mithridates for feare of his father killed himselfe Mithridates killed his sonne Siphares to be reuenged of the mother Gripus who was king after Seleucus made his mother drinke the poyson vvhich shee had prepared for him Medullina whose body was
him said an Anker was a token of safety and not of delay vvhereupon Seleucus euer after vsed an Anker in his signet Alexander returned from India to Babilon sayling in the â—ends a suddaine vvind did blow of his diadem into a place of reeds in which stoode the sepulchre of an ancient King which was held to be a token of his death Of Maiestie The fountaine of all excellent manners 〈◊〉 Maiestie being the whole proportion and figuâ—â— of noble estate and properly a beauty or comlinesse in the countenaunce language gestureâ— which doth cast vpon the beholders bearers a fearefull reuerence THere was in the Emperour Augustus â— natiue maiestie for from his eyes issued raies or beames which pierced the eyes oâ— the beholders Sueto The Frenchman that came to kill Marius when he saw his countenance ran from him crying that he had no power to kil him App VVhen Vlisses ship and men had suffereâ—â— shipwrack and he hardly escaped being caâ—â— all naked vppon the coast of the Pheacaes the Kings daughter sent him a mantle vvho comming to the King presented such a wonâ—derful maiestie in his lookes and speech thaâ— Alcinous vvished Vlisses woulde take his daughter Nausicaa to wife Homer The people wondering at his maiesty honoured him with sundry presents at theyâ— owne charges conueied him to Ithaca Scipio beeing in his manour place called Linternum diuers notorious theeues Pyâ—ats came onely to see his person of vvhose â—ame they had heard so large reports but he not knowing this theyr intent armed hymselfe to make defence vvhich the Captaine perceiuing dispatched his followers layâ—ng downe his vveapons said That they came not as enemies but wondering at his vertue and valour vvhervpon Scipio entertained theÌ„ Calphurnius Crassus conspiring vvith others the death of Nerua he knowing thereof placed them next to him at a publique show and not fearing danger being strengthened with a great mind gaue them swords ready drawne and asked them whether they vvere sharpe enough who taking the swords in their hands had no power to hurt him At the beginning wheÌ„ the multitude of people were oppressed by them that abounded in possessions riches they espying some one which excelled in vertue and fortitude repaired to him who ministing equity when hee had defended the poore froÌ„ iniurie retained together the greater persons with the inferiour in an equall and indifferent order wherfore they called that man a king which is to say a Ruler Belus the sonne of Nemrod vvas the firâ—â— King in the vvorld The auncient Egiptians called theyr kingâ— Epiphanes and had this custome that they should enter the Temple barefooted and because one of them came to the Church otherwise he vvas deposed and that name oâ— dignitie ceased They likewise called theyr Kinges Pharaones the Bithinians Ptolomaei the Latines Murani the Parthians Arsacides the Albanes Syluij the Sicilians Tyrants the Argiues Kings Nabuchad-nezzar intiteled himselfe King of Kings Alexander king of the world Demetrius conquerer of Citties Mithridates restorer of the vvorld Attyla the vvhyp of Nations Tamberlaine the scourge of God Dyonisius the hoast of men Cyrus the last of the Gods Henry the eyght king of England defender of the fayth Charles King of Fraunce the most christian king Alphonso King of Spayne the Catholicke king Thys Alphonso dyd first begin to make Bishops houses ioyning to the Cathedral Churches to the end that neyther colde in VVinter nor heate in Sommer might hinder their residencie In the Country of the Sydonians there vvas Dynastia which vvas called a linage of Kings that endured two hundred twentie fiue yeeres because all those Kings were of a good and vertuous conuersation The authority of Kings hath euer been accounted a thing diuine for Homer and Isocrates write that hee who gouerneth alone representeth a diuine maiestie In Egypt of Phylosophers they did chuse theyr Priests and of Priests their Kings with whom it was a law inuiolable that the King which had beene vvicked in his life shoulde not be buried after his death In the Ile Tabrobana kinges are chosen by election and not by blood Solinus Syllas dictatorship vvas called a negatiue ordained kingdom Appian The olde Romaine Kinges did vveare no crownes but held scepters in their hands of the vvhich Tarquinius was the last for that his sonne rauished Lucrecia the vvife of Collatinus Iustinus Plato following the fiction of Homer dyd write that kings children vvere composed of a precious masse to be seperated from the common sort Homer named kings Diogenes that is the generation of Iupiter and Diotrophes nourished by Iupiter and Aristes which Plato interpreteth to be the familiars of Iupiter and his disciples in politicke sciences The Kings of Persia in their priuie Chambers dispatched their greater matters themselues and left those of lesse consequence to their Princes It vvas a custome amongst the auncienâ— kings to put questions one to another to try the abilitie of theyr wits and certaine praiseâ— rewards were appointed to them that excelled Plutarch Salomon sent riddles problemes to king Hiram vvhom it cost very much because he could not assoile them vntill at length hee founde a young man of Tyrus called Abaâ—mon vvho deciphered vnto him the mosâ— part of them Dion The Kings of Persia shewed themselues more subiect to lawes then thir lords Zonaâ— The Kings of Lacedemonia did monthly sweare to guide themselues according to the Lavves and the Ephori tooke an oath in the behalfe of the people to see it executed Antiochus told his sonne Demetrius that their kingdome vvas a noble slauery There vvas foure Kings Princes which â—ad but one eye a peece Philip Alexanders â—ather Antigonus king of Macedonia Haâ—iball of Carthage and Sertorius a Romain The first lost his eye at Methon the second â—t Perinthia the third vpon the Alpes the â—ourth in Pontus Plutarch Alphonsus vvas the first king of Lusitania the sonne of Henry Loraine and Tiretia the â—ase daughter of Alphonsus king of Castile â—n one battaile he ouercame 5. princes of the Sarazines and therefore in his shielde bare 5. seuerall coates of honour Cor. Agrippa Pharamond sirnamed VVarmond vvas the first King of Fraunce vvho came out of Germanie hee bare in his shielde three blacke Toades Of Monarchies A Monarchie most significatly representeth the diuine regiment wherin absolute soueraigntie consisteth in one onely Prince who commaundeth all and is not to be commaunded of any THE latter Romaines had a Duarchie vvhich is comprehended vnder the gouernment Oligarchie their Empire was deuided into two partes the one Emperour of the East the other of the VVest Eutrop. Aristocratie is the rule or power of the best and most vertuous men approued for good lyfe and vvisedome directing their thoughts to no other end then a generall profit Oligarchie is wheÌ„ a fevv noble or rich men gouerne the Common-wealth reiecting the poore and baser sort Timocratie is the power of meane or indifferent vvealth gouerning by some
the fourth considering that the prerogatiue which vvas giuen to Charles his successors might be a brideling to the sea of Rome saide that it vvas lawful for them to choose Popes without the Emperors authoritie but not to consecrate him vvithout the presence eyther of him or his Embassadors he died ruling but 8. months Paschal a Monck was chosen with the consent of the Emperour and Lodouicus Pius yeelded vp to him all his authority in the election of the Popes this Pope dyed anno 824. Eugenius the second by his curteous behauiour and eloquence got the Popedome from Zizimus who had it graunted him he raigned 4. yeres and as some write his eyes were pulled out by the Romaines others by the Priests that hated him Valentine the first beeing a Decon vvas made pope he was a man of very quick wit able to perswade and diswade some write that there was in him such excellent hope that he vvould haue raigned in better order then the rest he dyed the fourth day of hys raigne and as it is supposed he vvas poysoned by some of the clergy Gregory the fourth refused to take the popedome before he were confirmed by the Emperour Lewes and that hee had restored them their right againe by his meanes hee draue the Moores out of Italy hee procured tenths to be giuen to churches and visited solemne erection of Sepulchers hee dyed ann 843. Sergius the second was the first pope that renounced his christian name giuen in Baptisme and changed it beeing called before Swines snowt and decreed that popes should change their names Leo the fourth at Hostia gate ouercame the Sarazens when they had made a road into Italy hee first beganne contrary to the counsell at Aquisgrane to decke the popes Crosse vvith precious stones coÌ„maunded it to be carryed before him he died 854. In his time Ethelwoldus beeing first a Monke of single life hauing a dispensation â—rom the pope left his calling and became King of England making it tributary to the â—ea of Rome Iohn the 8. borne at Mentz beeing a vvoman was made Pope her name was altered and she was called Iohn English shee sate in the pontificall seate at Rome 2. yeeres 6. months her name at the first was Gilberta vvho to inioy the company of a Monke whoÌ„ she loued trauailed with him in mans apparrell to Athence where she profited in all the Sciences then shee came to Rome still disguised where for her learning she was much admired so made pope but as some write she was got with child by a Cardinall going on procession to Lateran church she was by the way deliuered of a childe and dyed of the trauaile in the same place Benedict the 3. beeing first tried vpon the Posphirie stoole was made Pope and dyed 859. Nicholas the first put downe Iohn Archbishoppe of Rauenna for mayntayning the ancient liberty of his bishoprick brought that church into perpetuall bondage he decreed that christian Magistrates should haue no authoritie ouer a Prelate Because sayde he the Pope is called God he first bound the Clergie to single life and dyed 867. Hadrian the second vvas by the people the Clergie made Pope before the Emperours Embassadors came before this Pope dyed in the yeere 873. it rained bloode 3. dayes at Brixia and all the kingdome of Fraunce vvas miserably troubled vvith Locusts Alphredus king of England tooke his crowne of the Pope and vvas annoynted vvhich neuer any King of England did before for vvhich hee was called the Popes adopted sonne Iohn the 9. was excellently learned both in Greeke and Latine hee crowned 3. Emperours Carolus Caluus Carolus Balbus and Carolus Crassus he draue the Sarazens out of Italy and Sicilie and died 883. At this time the Empire was translated froÌ„ the Frenchmen to the Germaines by Carolus Crassus Martin the second a Frenchman the son of a coniuring priest by craft and ill Artes got the Popedome at his election the Emperors authority was not looked for nor demaunded to his admission he raigned about a yere and certaine months died an 884. Hadrian the third made a decree that the Emperours authority should no more take â—lace in creating of popes but that the voice of the Clergy and people of Rome shoulde â—hoose them He died suddenly 888. Stephen the 5 decreed that all the Canons of the Church of Rome ought of necessitie â—o be kept and died 892. Formosus the first being bishop of Portua was chosen Pope he raigned 6. yeres his body bones was taken vp by Sergius the 3. the 9. pope after him throwne into the riuer Tiber after him within 9. yeeres there were eleuen popes Boniface the 6. liued as pope but 25. daies as Anselmus writeth to bee remembred for nothing but his quiet election and happy in nothing but in raigning so short a time Stephen the sixt disanulled Formosus decrees and cancelled his acts hee caused hys carkasse to be taken vp and put all the pontificall rokes vpon it and plucked them off againe and then put lay mens apparrell vpon him and cut off the two fingers of his right hand with which he vsed to hold the Sacrament throwing them into Tiber he commaunded to bury his body againe but not among spirituall but lay mens bodies he died after he had raigned one yeere onely Romanus the first allowed the decrees of Formosus and abrogated Stephens hee ruled but 3. months and dyed 898. Theodorus the 2. was an vpholder and maintained of Formosus quarrell and dyed the 20. day of his Popeship 899. Iohn the 10. sommoned a conuocation of 74. Byshops at Rauenna restored all the decrees of Formosus openly coÌ„demning the acts of Stephen he died 901. Benedict the 4. did nothing worthy of report and dyed ann 904. Leo the first being new made Pope vvas violently cast into prison by one Christopher who sought to make himselfe Pope being his priest Chapline He raigned but 40. daies died through conceit of his ingratitude vpon whom he had heaped so many benefits 904. Christopher the 1. was thrust out by one Sergius in the 7. month of his raigne and as Platina sayth compelled to be a Monke but afterward he was pulled out of the Monasterie by the same Sergius and cast into prison vvhere he dyed Sergius the 3. vvhen he was but a Deacon attempted the popedome and vvas chosen vvith Formosus but beeing weake fled into Fraunce and espying his opportunitie by the ayde of Charles Simplex K. of Fraunce and Adelbert Marquesse of Thuscia hee returned secretly to Rome and deposed Christopher his reuenge vpon Formosus Read before in Formosus raigne he died 913. Anastasius the 3. did nothing good nor euill in his time when he was Pope the bodie of Formosus was founde by certaine Fishers in the riuer Tiber and so taken vp and buried in S. Peters Pallace Anastasius died 915 Laudo the first his life as Platina saith was so obscure that