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A78571 Chaos: or, A discourse wherein is presented to the view of the magistrate, and all others who shall peruse the same, a frame of government by way of a republique, wherein is little or no danger of miscarriage, if prudently attempted, and thoroughly prosecuted by authority. Wherein is no difficulty in the practice, nor obscurity in the method; but all things plain and easie to the meanest capacity. Here's no hard or strange names, nor unknown titles (to amaze the hearers) used, and yet here's a full and absolute power derivative insensibly from the whole, and yet practically conveyed to the best men: wherein if any shall endeavour a breach, he shall break himself: and it must be so, that cats shall provide supper, here they shall do it suitable to the best palats, and easie to digest. By a well-willer to the publique weale. Well-willer to the publique weale. 1659 (1659) Wing C1938; Thomason E989_27; ESTC R208259 43,827 64

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imployed to the common stock which wages shall be paid to the Master of the Work-house who shall have the command of all under the age of twenty one as Apprentices and all above as Journey-men without whose license none shall go to work abroad which shall not be denied in Seed-time Hay-time or Harvest upon reasonable rates 8. Trades to be erected in Flax and Hemp. In those Towns where shall be store of Hemp or Flax let some Towns be imployed in dressing and fitting the same for spinning according to the several sorts thereof another in spinning fine Linen another the middle and another the courser sort and another weaving the same others also in making Cordage and Ropes 9. In Wood. In Towns where wood shall be plentiful let one be imployed by Coopers another by Carpenters another by Tanners another by makers of Waines Waggons Carts Plows Sledges other Utensils for Husbandry in every Parochial-Town let there be in the common Work-house a Smith a Shooe-maker and a Taylor with their several servants subservient to the publique Master and in those Towns which shall be imployed in making of wire Pins Needles or Bonelace the Master of the work shall once a week pay off all the Workers of the same Trade and shall furnish them with stuff for making thereof and when they are made sell them for the advantage of the common stock and so in all other Trades 10. Proviston in the common Work-houses In the common Work-houses provision shall be made for all persons of all ages sexes and conditions whether young or old which are not able to help themselves and be therein imployed in such works as their strengths genius's and abilities are fittest to manage and undergo let the females be imployed in several works by themselves and have Mistresses for their Tutresses and Gardians where they may be imployed in spinning carding sowing weaving lace ribband tape and other things in setting of Cushions Carpets Hangings and other things fit for the work of women By which means the poor of the Nation shall not only be provided for but the Nation shall be thereby enriched and for every penyworth of stuff that the Nation now affords of vendible Commodity in other Countries it shall in few years afford three four five or six times the quantity which shall much enrich the Merchants thereof also 11. Justices elected Let the Representees annually chosen for members in Parliament be the Justices of Peace for the same year and those which shall be resident in the Country to undergo that service and in all things observe the directions of Parliament for levying of Souldiers regulating of Assesments and all other things whatsoever 12. Every person or persons Planting who shall at any time make any new Enclosures upon any Wasts Commons Town-fields or commonable grounds shall within every Pole set or plant at least one plant or set of Ash Ok Elm or Beech and preserve the same for growth and in those Countries where fruit-trees will grow and bear fruit the like may be enjoyned also upon forfeiture of 2 s. for every defect to be collected by the Constable by warrant from the Register upon information to be made thereof to the Court by the Church-wardens or any one or more of them in any Parish for the time being which forfeitures the one half to be imployed to the common stock of the same Town the other half to the Informer or Informers The Sixth Days Work It 's mutual Commerce that brings Beggers unto the state of Kings Trade And if we view the fruits of Trade It is a tree of pleasant shade 1. Customs LEt certain Taxes Customs and Impositions be imposed upon all Manufactures which the Merchant shall bring from other Countries but let all the Manufactures of this Nation be sold and exported free from the same for seven years whereby the Country may be encouraged to Trade 2. Corporations of Trades Let all the Trades-men in every Riding or distinct half Provincial Liberty 〈◊〉 well of the common Work-houses as others of every distinct Trade be a particular Society and Corporation and have power to elect Officers and make Laws amongst themselves for the advantage and benefit of the whole and also authority to put those Laws in execution and to meet once a Month at a place certain within each division or to appoint any other time or place within their limits whereof publique notice shall be given at the last precedent meeting for the doing of any thing requisite for the benefit and advantage of the same Trade 3. Youth to be brought up in Trades That all persons within the Commonwealth of England shall bring up their sons to some Trade or other after the age of fourteen till the age of twenty one at least under which notion the Husband-man is reputed a Trades-man which Trade none shall follow who with his own Team shall not Till every year twenty Acres of Land or upwards as a Master-Husbandman 4. Every Parochial Town shall have a School-master Parochial Schools and Writing-master who shall teach all children in the same Parish to write and read English and cast Accompts from the age of seven till the age of fourteen at which age they shall be either imployed in their Trades or sent to other Schools and all children brought up in the common Work-house shall spend two houres every day in the same School one in the forenoon and one in the after and at ten years old and after the afternoons hours shall be spent in writing and casting accompts for which every School-master where no provision is already made shall have 10 li. per annum quarterly paid by the Constable for the time being besides the gratuities of the richer sort of people 5. Sub-provincial grand School In every Sub-provincial or Market-Town shall be a free Grammar-School erected where shall be a Master who shall have allowance of 40 li. and an Usher of 20 li. per annum paid quarterly by the Sheriffs substitute for the time being whither all the youths of that sub-Province whom their Parents or Friends shall intend for Scholars shall be sent at the age of ten and there continue till they shall be respectively fit for the University whither none shall be admitted under the age of sixteen In every Sub-provincial Market-town Scrivener shall be a Scrivener or writing Master who shall teach to write and cast accompts with whom every Scholar in the Grammar-School shall spend at least one half day every week or one hour a day for three days in the week which said Master shall have the yearly allowance of 10 li. paid by the parties aforesaid besides gratuities 6. There shall also be a Musick-master Musick Master who shall have the yearly allowance of 10 li. besides gratuities with whom every Scholar shall spend one half day every week or an hour a day for three days in
transmitted to the next superior Judicature but if it shall not be of greater value in the estimation of the Court then the Court hath power to judge of judgement shall be therein given and execution done thereupon as in other cases 16. In all cases where Murther Murther Manslaughter and Rape Man-slaughter or Rape shall be committed the offenders shall be examined before the Parochial Magistrate where the parties shall be apprehended or the fault committed so many as shall be found guilty shall be sent by the Constable to the Sheriffs Deputy and by him to the Provincial Goal there to be kept in work as shall be directed till their legal delivery thence in none of these cases Bail shall be admitted but to be tryed by Juries as hath been accustomed and to suffer death if found guilty without benefit of pardon or Reprieve 17. In all manner of ●heft Robbery Theft Robbery Cousenage and Fraud Cousenage and Fraud the Offenders shall be examined before the Parochial Magistrates and if found guilty threefold restitution shall be made to be disposed one part to satisfie the party wronged one part to the common stock of the Town and one other part to the Constable for reparation of High-ways which if the party refuse and no distress shall be found to satisfie the Law the body of the offender shall be committed to the custody of the Master of the Work-house or else sent to the place from whence they came if aliens with Certificate of their offence and there to be imployed and to have two parts only of their gets allowed for their maintenance and a third to be to the use of the common stock The detainer or sending away to be at the election of the Parochial Magistracy where such offender or offenders shall be apprehended and tryed as aforesaid 18. Defamation All false accusations on purpose to defame any person shall be heavily punished by the immediate Magistracy where the offence shall be committed and in this case no Appeal to lie or be admitted and where the offence shall deserve greater punishment then the Parochial Magistrate may inflict who may not exceed 10 li. in any case the same shall be certified to the Sub-provincial Magistrate and if it require thence to the Provincial but not further All ambiguous cases shall be transmitted with the evidences to the next superior Magistracy and so on to the Parliament if no inferiour Court shall be free to give judgement therein 19. Fighting quarrelling and breaking the Peace All fighting quarrelling and breaking of the Peace shall be examined and punished by the Parochial Magistracy where the same shall be committed and satisfaction made to the party wronged without delay whereto the offenders shall be compelled according to the order of the Court and for all bruisings and beatings satisfaction shall be made as the Laws in being direct If any Master or Mistress shall immoderately correct any child or servant Masters and servants the Court Parochial shall punish the offender 20. If any child or servant shall refuse to do their duties or shall strike or quarrel with their Parents Masters or Mistresses the Court shall heavily punish such offences and if any Apprentices shall so do they shall serve a double term and any other servant a double year for the same wages No son or daughter vilifying or slighting their Parents or either of them shall be capable of inheriting any thing from either father or mother after their respective deaths 21. Let so many Registerial Courts be erected as there are Registries viz. to every Registry it's Court with Officers Fees and Rules to walk by for the ease and profit of each particular interest 22. National Judges Let twelve Judges learned in the Laws be appointed by Parliament to attend the National Registerial Court to which let all great causes be reduced any three whereof with the Register or one Assistant shall have power to hear and determine all matters of controversie and let the three Bars in Westminster-Hall be the places of Judicature and the several rooms adjacent Offices for the Registers viz. each two Circuits their proper Court for trial of all grand Causes arising within their limits and in other mixt cases where one party shall live in one Courts jurisdiction and one in another there the Cause to be heard in the third Court where neither parties interest is more concerned then the other 23. Let only two Vacations be in the whole year viz. Vacations one from the first of December to the tenth of February the other from the last day of May till the first day of September yearly in which Summer-Vacations the Judges to ride the several Circuits as now to visit the several Registries calling before them all the Registers of every Province and hearing all complaints against any Register Clerk Atturney or other Officer and punishing all offenders and also for determining all grand and difficult Causes and Causes of Appeals where any such shall be depending 24. Terms and proceedings Let all the rest of the year be two continued Terms wherein the Judges shall sit as often as cause shall require the first day of every Term being a Return-day and the third day day of Appearance before which third day the Plaintiff in every Action shall enter his Declaration with the Register whereto the Defendant shall plead within ten days and enter his Plea with the same Clerk whereupon order shall be given for examining Witnesses and depositions sent into the several Countries to the respective Parochial Registers within whose limits the several Witnesses shall live whose Examination shall be taken and returned within one month after the Pleading aforesaid and entry made thereof also with the same Registerial Clerk by whom the first Summons was awarded with whom all the entries in the same Cause shall be made The fourth day after return of the examinations aforesaid the Cause shall be heard if it be not the Lords day if so Judgement the day next following and Judgment shall be given and entred the same day with the same Clerk and the sixth day after Judgement Execution shall be awarded not to recalled unless the parties agree in the mean time and enter their Agreement with the same Clerk In case of any Witnesses absence on the Defendants behalf upon warrantable occasions made appear upon oath to any Parochial Register by whom the Witness or Witnesses were to be examined a second day to be given upon the Defendants payment of costs for examination not to defer the hearing above one month longer then it was to have been 25. Provincial Judges Let two Judges be appointed by Parliament to attend every Provincial Registerial Court that one Judge with the Register and one Clerk assistant at least shall be present when all matters shall be heard and in all difficult matters one Judge at least shall be called out of the next Province who shall
the same Parish is or shall be 21. Honours to be conferred by Parliament All persons who shall have Estate entred in the National Registry to the clear yearly value of 10000 li. per annum and shall pay Assesments for so much to the Republique shall be capable of the honour of Lordship conferred on him only by the Parliament each person of 1000 li. per annum of Knighthood and each other person having 300 li. per annum and upwards be reputed an Esquire and shall each of them give Coats of Arms to be allowed by the King of Heralds for the time being That no person who shall nor have 1000 li. per annum shall be elected as a Provincial Representee The Fifth Days Work It s Publique aids must bear the charge Our Priviledges to enlarge Wherefore let Contributions be In exigencies frank and free 1. LEt Assesments be imposed by Parliament yearly Assesments according to the requisition of the time on each particular real and personal Estate Assesments to be imposed by Parment according to the annual values thereof and Rents received each paying for his stock in Husbandry or Trade and each Usurer for his Money lent at a certain rate as rent of Land or interest of Money at the same rate and stock in Trade or Husbandry at half the rate the Land-Assess to be paid by the Landlord and the Money-Assess by the Lender to be defalked out of Rent or Interest according to the proportions by the Tenant or Borrower who shall deposite the same as occasion shall require to the monthly Collectors thereof 2. Great Assesment for the poor Let one great Assesment be forthwith made for relief of all the Poor in the Nation and let a stock be erected in every Parochial Town and a Trade set up for imploying and providing for all the poorer sort of men women and children let a Master or Governour thereof be appointed by the Registerial Court in every Parish and such a one as his Estate may be responsible for the stock with him intrusted for which together with the profits thereof to be imployed according to the Rules to be given therefore he shall give security and this to be yearly taken care for chiefly by the Church-wardens of each respective Parish Let all charitable Contributions be imployed to the same purpose Whereby if vigilancy and industry be used a small stock will in short time increase to a great inheritance whereby the poor shall be equally provided for to the best and richest in every Parish so there shall be no crying out nor complaining in our streets 3. Customs Excise and Assesments Let the Customs be annually regulated by the Parliament at the time of changing of Representees only let the Representees for the first six months continue their sittings so long after their time together with the Representees for the latter six months as to settle that and the Excise and Assesments for the next succeeding year and to be done within twelve days Let the Customs be collected by such Commissioners as have responsible Estates and where any fraud or covin shall be discovered let care be taken therein for the prevention for the future 4. Publique Collectors Let the Excise be collected by the Constables and responded for to the Sheriff as other Assesments and also all other Rents and Revenues payable to the Common-wealth for which no salary shall be allowed In all Enclosures of Wasts Enclosures of Wasts and Commons not stinted one fourth part shall be alotted for provision for the Poor of the Parish where the same shall lie to be committed to the care of the Master of the Work-house for the time being and by him imployed to the best advantage according to his trusts One other fourth to the Lord for his Segniory and half to the Commons this rule in all cases to be the same 5. Enclosures of stinted Wasts and Towns-fields Where the Lords and Tenants Owners and Proprietors of two full third parts of the Inclosures Field-Land and stinted Commons in any Mannor Town or Lordship shall agree to inclose all or any part of the open Wasts or Common grounds of the same Town no third party opposing shall hinder the same so as provision be made for the poor to one half the alotment as aforesaid and the proportions alotted for the refusers according to their several estates quantity and quality to be considered but if any shall endeavour to hinder a common good he shall be severely punished therefore either by the Judges in the next superiour Court or by the Justices of Peace at the next Quarter-Sessions to be held for that Liberty or by the Judges Itinerant in their Circuits 6. In all provisions for the Poor Parochial provisions for the poor each whole Parish to be one entire Corporation and take care to dispose of all Wanderers and Vagabonds according to the directions of the Statutes in use or else imploy them in work as aforesaid Publique Work-houses Let a large house be provided in each Parish-Town for a publike Work-house where in some Manual occupation all the poor of the same Parish may be set on work and provided for necessaries by the Master thereof to be appointed as aforesaid to which purpose let some Trade whereof the Master of the Work-house to be a Freeman be used in every Parish and the children of all such as shall not by their Parents be better provided for to be imployed in the same after seven years old as in all Towns where is conveniency of water for building Mills and have Cole let several sorts of Smiths be as for making of Knives Swords Scymiters Guns Sythes Shears Scissers also for all manner of Work-tools and harness and all such who shall have use for wheels for grinding also Lock-smiths Naylors and such others where no water is nor wheels shall not be requisite and where conveniency is let Clothyers be and to the end the Trade of Clothing may be the better managed and with less confusion let those Towns where much growth of Wool shall be and want the conveniency of fire and water be imployed to the sorting breaking mixing and spinning of Wool in one Town for making of Jerseys Serges and other Stuffs of the like nature in other Towns in spinning Wool for making cloath according to the several sorts thereof the finest by its self and the coursest by its self and the middle sort by it self and a certain rate allowed to each person for the work they shall do not exceeding four parts of five of the real value of the work one fifth being still to be allowed to the common stock 7. Husband-men to have the help of labourers in the common Work-house That in all cases where any persons imployed at work upon the common stock shall be desired to assist the Husband-man at any out-work in the Fields there shall a fourth part of the wages be