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A10231	Purchas his pilgrimage. Or Relations of the vvorld and the religions obserued in all ages and places discouered, from the Creation vnto this present Contayning a theologicall and geographicall historie of Asia, Africa, and America, with the ilands adiacent. Declaring the ancient religions before the Floud ... The fourth edition, much enlarged with additions, and illustrated with mappes through the whole worke; and three whole treatises annexed, one of Russia and other northeasterne regions by Sr. Ierome Horsey; the second of the Gulfe of Bengala by Master William Methold; the third of the Saracenicall empire, translated out of Arabike by T. Erpenius. By Samuel Purchas, parson of St. Martins by Ludgate, London.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.; Makīn, Jirjis ibn al-ʻAmīd, 1205-1273. Taŕikh al-Muslimin. English.; Methold, William, 1590-1653.; Horsey, Jerome, Sir, d. 1626.	1626 (1626)	STC 20508.5; ESTC S111832	2,067,390	1,140

yeere Abutalib dyed addicted to the Religion of his people aged somewhat aboue eightie and the Coraisites were confirmed and their power and hope increased The same yeere the Prophet of glorious memory made an expedition to Taijfa and inuited the Inhabitants to Islamisme but they yeelded not to him and when hee had stayed there a moneth he returned to Mecca This yeere also he married the Daughter of Abubeer the Iust and Sewda the Daughter of Zamaa In the thirteenth yeere certaine of Awas and Chazraz viz. seuenty three men and two women came to him which were sworne to him concerning Islamisme and of these hee appointed twelue Doctors after whose returne to Medina Islamisme was spread amongst the Inhabitants thereof and they became his helpers The same yeere he commanded his to remoue to Medina and they all went thither except Abubeer and Ali which remayned with him The History of the departure to Medina IN the 14. yeere Muhammed of glorious memory remoued to Medina hauing with him Abubeer the Iust and Amar the Son of Kamra the Seruant of Abubeer And Abdalla the Son of Artacat guided them But Ali remained behind with his leaue three dayes to dispose his businesses and then came to him He entred Medina on Munday noone others say on Thursday the twelfth of the former Rab. and abode with Chalid Abiobi Sonne of Zeid till hee built the Temple and House into which he then entred And from this yeere is reckoned the computation of the Hegira which was the 54. yeere of the age of Muhammed of glorious memory The first yeere of the Hegira Ali the Son of Abutalib married Fatima The same yeere Muhammed of glorious memory gaue a white Banner to his Vncle Hamza this was the first Banner which he gaue to any and sent with him thirty Muslims but hee performed little In the second yeere was fought the second Battel of Badra and the greatest in which diuers valiant Leaders of the Coraisites were slaine on Friday the seuenteenth of the moneth Ramadan For he had heard that Abusofian the Sonne of Harith was going into Syria with many packes in which were monies of the Coraisites for the spoile whereof he went But Abusofian with his got to Mecca The Muslims were three hundred and nineteene in number the Infidels betwixt nine hundred and a thousand and the Muslims ouercame and slue seuenty of the vnbeleeuers and tooke as many But of the Muslims only fourteen were slaine There were other Battels also this yeere In the third yeere of the Hegira he besieged the Iewes in their Forts fifteene dayes and they yeelded hee captiued them and spoiled their goods The same yeere hee sent a band of men to slay Caab Sonne of Abrasaf a Iew. And that yeere was fought a Battell on Saturday about the midst of the moneth Siewal and the Hill neere Medina was taken The number of the Infidels was three thousand footmen and two hundred horsemen three thousand Camels and fifteene women Their Captaine was Abusofian Sonne of Harith The Muslims were a thousand these first had the better but after the Infidels which slue 70. Muslims amongst which was Hamza Sonne of Abdulmutalib This was an vnluckie day in which M. of glorious memory was also present in the Battell and was wounded by Ochas the Sonne of Abumugid and lost one of his right foreteeth and was hurt on the lower lip Abdalla also the Sonne of Siehab wounded his forehead his vpper iaw also was wounded and two of his foreteeth fell out Of the Infidels were slaine two and twentie In the fourth yeere happened the Battell of the Iewes Sonnes of Nadir which leauing their fortifications went out of their limits and came to Chaibar and some of them went into Syria Mundir Sonne of Omar the Saadite pursued them to the Well of Muauia with 70. Medinans and slue them all but Caab Son of Zeidi which escaped The last Battel of Badra was fought this yeere In the fift yeere was the Battell of Fossa or the Dike Many Nations were gathered together the Coraisites and the children of Coraid of Nadir of Gatfan and of Selim their Leaders were Habih Sonne of Ahtab Salam Sonne of Abulhakik and other Iewes And Ioseph Sonne of Harith came to lead the Coraisites and their followers with ten thousand men Ouer the men of Gatfan was Atibas Sonne of Hasan the Kararite and others Seliman the Persian was author of digging the Ditch The Infidels besieged them aboue twenty dayes after which Naim Sonne of Masud the Gatfanite embracing Islamisme procured the disioyning of those Nations and the breach of league twixt them and the Iewes They fled thence sixe Muslims and three Infidels being slaine In this yeere happened the Battell of the children of Coraid against whom Muhammed went forth and besieged them fiue and twenty dayes They were forced to yeeld to Saad Sonne of Maad who counselled to slay all the men and to make captiue the women and children so that sixe or seuen hundred were beheaded and buried in the Market place of Medina the Muslims sharing their wiues children and goods Saad dyed of a wound before gotten at the Dike-battell In the sixt yeere was ordayned the Prayer for obtayning health in Haditia and many Battels were fought amongst others that of the children of Mustalak whom he met in Safan With them was Giuweira daughter of Harith whom M. of glorious memory married in steed of dowry freeing diuers of her captiued Kindred This yeere also was fought the Battell of Haditia a place neere Mecca in the way to Giudda After that peace was made betwixt him and the Coraisites that for ten yeeres they might plow and it was free for euery man to take part with them or with M. on condition that if any Coraisite without leaue of his Captaine fled to M. he should bee sent backe but if any of M. his followers fled without leaue to the Coraisites he should not be sent backe to him If M. with his Souldiers should passe that way he might stay three dayes hee should vse no other Armes but those which Trauellers vse and that also in the Scabberds This truce was made by Sablum Sonne of Omar the Amirite and written by Ali Sonne of Abutalib of happy memory In that yeere he was inaugurated vnder a tree which after perished carried away by ouerflowing of waters as was reported In the seuenth yeere M. of glorious memory tooke to him a Pulpit And it is reported that his Wife said to him I haue a workman to my Sonne shall I bid him make thee a Pulpit He answered yea And he made him a Pulpit of wild Tamariske or as others say of white Tamariske it consisted of two steps and a seat Before this Pulpit was made when he prayed in the Temple he leaned on a prop of wood This Pulpit remayned to the Reigne of Muauias Sonne of Abusofian which added sixe steps to it and it was not altered after

in his Image Male and Female created hee them And he called their name ADAM yet after this is mention of Adams solitarinesse and forming of Eue out of his side that is cutting the female part from the Male and so fitting them to generation Thus doth Leo Hebraus reconcile the Fable of Platoes Androgynus with Moses narration out of which he thinketh it borrowed For as hee telleth that Iupiter in the first forming of mankinde made them such Androgyni with two bodies of two sexes ioyned in the brest diuided for their pride the nauill still remaining as a skarre of the wound then made so with little difference is this their interpretation of Moses §. III. Of the Iewesses Conception and Trauell and of Lilith WHen a Iewish woman is great with Childe and neare her time her chamber is furnished with necessaries and then some holy and deuout man if any such may bee had with Chalke maketh a circular line round in the chamber vpon all the walls and writeth on the doore and within and without on euery wall and about the bed in Hebrew Letters Adam Chaua Chuts Lilith or after the Iewish pronuntiation Lilis that is Adam Eue away hence Lilis Hereby they signifie their desire that if a woman shall bee deliuered of a sonne GOD may one day giue him a wife like to Eue and not a shrew like Lilis This word Lilis is read in the Prophet interpreted a Skritch-Owle but the Iewes seeme to meane by it a diuellish Spectrum in womans shape that vseth to slay or carry away Children which are on the eight day to be Circumcised Elias Leuita writeth that hee hath read that a hundred and twentie yeeres Adam contained himselfe from his wife Eue and in that space there came to him Diuels which conceiued of him whence were ingendred Diuels and Spirits Fairies and Goblins and there were foure mothers or dammes of Diuels Lilith Naemah Ogereth and Machalath Thus is it read in Ben Sira when GOD had made Adam and saw it was not good for him to bee alone hee made him a woman of the earth like vnto him and called her Lilis These disagreed for superioritie not suffering Caesarue priorem Pompeiusue parem Lilis made of the same mould would not be vnderling and Adam would not endure her his equall Lilis seeing no hope of agreement vttered that sacred word IEHOVA with the Cabalisticall interpretation thereof and presently did flie into the Ayre Adam playning his case GOD sent three Angels after her viz. Senoi Sensenoi Sanmangeleph either to bring her backe or to denounce vnto her That a hundred of her Children should dye in a day These ouertooke her ouer the troublesome Sea where one day the Aegyptians should bee drowned and did their message to her shee refusing to obey they threatned her drowning but she besought them to let her alone because shee was created to vexe and kill children on the eight day if they were men if women children on the twentieth day They neuerthelesse forcing her to goe Lilis sware to them That whensoeuer she should finde the name or figure of those Angels written or painted on Schedule Parchment or any thing shee would doe Infants no harme and that she would not refuse that punishment to lose a hundred children in a day And accordingly a hundred of her children or young Diuels dyed in a day And for this cause doe they write these names on a Scroll of Parchment and hang them on their Infants neckes Thus farre Ben Sira In their Chambers alwayes is found such a scroll or painting and the names of the Angels of Health this office they ascribe to them are written ouer the chamber doore In their Booke Brandspiegel Printed at Cracouia 1597. is shewed the authoritie of this Historie collected by their Wise-men out of those words Male and Female created hee them compared with the forming of Eue of a Rib in the next Chapter saying That Lilis the former was diuorced from Adam for her pride which shee conceiued because she was made of earth as well as hee and GOD gaue him another Flesh of his flesh And concerning her R. Moses tels that Samael the Diuell came riding vpon a Serpent which was as bigge as a Camell and cast water vpon her and deceiued her When this Iewesse is in trauell shee must not send for a Christian Mid-wife except no Iewish can bee gotten and then the Iewish women must be very thick about her for feare of negligence or iniurie And if she be happily deliuered of a sonne there is exceeding ioy through all the house and the father presently makes festiuall prouision against the Circumcision on the eight day In the meane time ten persons are inuited neither more nor fewer which are all past thirteene yeeres of age The night after her deliuerie seuen of the inuited parties and some others sometimes meet at the Child-house and make there great cheere and sport all night Dicing Drinking Fabling so to solace the Mother that shee should not grieue too much for the childs Circumcision §. IIII. Of the Iewish manner of Circumcision THe Circumciser is called Mohel who must bee a Iew and a Man and well exercised in that facultie and hee that will performe this office at the beginning giueth money to some poore Iew to be admitted hereunto in his children that after his better experience hee may be vsed of the richer And this Mohel may thence-forwards bee knowne by his thumbes on which he weareth the nayles long and sharpe and narrow-pointed The circumcising Instruments is of stone glasse yron or any matter that will cut commonly sharpe kniues like Rasors amongst the rich Iewes closed in siluer and set with stones Before the Infant be Circumcised he must be washed and wrapped in clouts that in the time of the Circumcision hee may lie cleane for otherwise they might vse no prayers ouer him And if in the time of Circumcision for paine he defileth himselfe the Mohels must suspend his praying till he be washed laid cleane again This is performed commonly in the morning while the child is fasting to preuent much fluxe of bloud In the morning therefore of the eight day all things are made readie First are two seates placed or one so framed that two may sit in the same apart adorned costly with Carpets and that either in the Synagogue or some priuate Parlour If it bee in the Synagogue then the seat is placed neere the holy Arke or Chest where the Booke of the Law is kept Then comes the suretie or God-father for the child and placeth himselfe at the said seat and neere him the Mohel or Circumciser Other Iewes follow them one of which cryeth with a loud voyce That they should bring presently whatsoeuer is needfull for this businesse Then come other Children whereof one bringeth a great Torch in which are lighted twelue waxe Candles to represent the twelue Tribes of Israel after him two

other Boyes carrying cups full of red Wine After them another carrieth the circumcising knife another brings a dish with sand another brings another dish with Oyle in which are cleane and fine clouts which after the Mohel applyeth to the wounds of the child These stand in a ring about the Mohel the better to marke and learne and these their Offices are bought with money by those children Some come thither also with Spices Cloues Cinnamon strong Wine to refresh if any happen to swoune These being thus assembled the God-father sitteth downe vpon one of those two seats right against him the Mohel placeth himselfe and sings the song of the Israelites and others Then the women bring the child to the doore all the congregation presently rising vp The God-father goeth to the doore taketh the child sitteth downe on his seat and cryeth out Baruch habba that is Blessed be hee that commeth in their Cabalisticall sense habba being applyed either to the eight day which is the day of Circumcision or the comming of Elias whom they call the Angell of the Couenant so they interpret the Prophet and say that Elias commeth with the Infant and sits downe on that other emptie seat For when the Israelites were prohibited Circumcision and Elias complained thus The children of Israel haue forsaken the Couenant that is Circumcision God promised him That from thence-forwards hee should be present at Circumcision to see it rightly performed And when they make readie that seat for Elias then they are bound in set words to say This seat is for the Prophet ELIAS otherwise as a vnbidden ghest he commeth not This seat remaineth for him three whole dayes together Then when the God-father holdeth the child in his lap the Mohel takes him out of his clouts and layeth hold on his member and holding the fore-skinne putteth backe the top thereof and rubbeth the fore-skinne so to make it haue the lesse sense of paine Then he taketh from the Boy the circumcising-knife and saith with a loud voyce Blessed bee thou O God our Lord King of the World which hast sanctified vs with thy Commandements and giuen vs the Couenant of Circumcision and whiles he thus speaketh cuts off the fore-part of the skin that the head of the yard may bee seene and presently hurleth it into the Sand-dish and restoreth his knife to the Boy againe taketh from another a cup of Red Wine and drinketh his mouthfull which hee presently spitteth out on the Infant and therewith washeth away the bloud and if he see the child begin to faint he spitteth out some thereof on his face Presently he taketh the member of the child in his mouth and sucketh out the bloud to make it stay from bleeding the sooner and spitteth out that bloud so sucked into the other cup full of Wine or into the dish of Sand This hee doth at least thrice After the bloud is stayed the Mohel with his sharpe-pointed thin nayles rendeth the skinne of the yard and putteth it backe so farre that the head thereof is bare Hee is more painefull to the Infant with this rending of the remaining skinne which action is called Priah then with the former This being done hee layeth the clouts dipped in oyle aforesaid to the wound and bindeth them three or foure times about and then wrappeth vp the Infant againe in his clouts Then saith the Father of the child Blessed bee thou O God our Lord King of the World which hast sanctified vs in thy Commandements and hast commanded vs to succeed into the Couenant of our Father ABRAHAM To which all the Congregation answerth As this Infant hath happily succeeded into the Couenant of our Father ABRAHAM so happily shall hee succeed into the possession of the Law of MOSES into Marriage also and other good workes Then doth the Mohel wash his bloudie mouth and his hands The God-father riseth with him and standeth ouer-against him who taking the other cup of Wine saith a certaine prayer and prayeth also ouer the Infant saying O our God God of our Fathers strengthen and keepe this Infant to his Father and Mother and make that his name in the people of Israel may bee named heere he first nameth the Child calling him Isaac ISAAC which was the sonne of ABRAHAM Let his Father reioyce in him that hath come out of his loynes Let his Mother reioyce in the fruit of her wombe as it is written Make glad thy Father and Mother and her that bare thee to reioyce And GOD saith by the Prophet I passed by thee and saw thee troden in thy bloud and I said vnto thee In thy bloud thou shalt liue yea I said vnto thee In thy bloud thou shalt liue Heere the Mohel puts his finger into the other cup of Wine wherein hee had spit the bloud and moysteneth the Childs lippes three times with that wine hoping that according to the former sentence of the Prophet he shall liue longer in the bloud of his Circumcision then otherwise he should Dauid also saith He is mindfull of his marueilous acts which hee hath done and of his wonders and the iudgements of his mouth c. Then hee continueth his prayer for the present assembly and that God would giue long life to the Father and Mother of the Boy and blesse the child This done he offers the blessed Cup to all the yong men and bids them drinke Then with the Childe who is thus made a Iew they returne to the Fathers house and restore him to his Mothers armes This last prayer he makes neere the Arke and some of the deuouter Iewes before and after Circumcision take the Childe and lay him vpon Elias pillow that Elias may touch him The skinne cast into the sand is in memorie of that promise I will make thy seed as the sand of the Sea and of Balams saying Who can number the dust of IACOB that is his posteritie whose fore-skin is cast in the Sand or Dust and because the Curse on the Serpent is thus fulfilled Dust thou shalt eat that is this skin in the dust thus to their enemie the Serpent fulfilling also that precept If thine enemie hunger feed him And by this meanes the Serpent can no more seduce this man If a Childe bee sicke on the eight day they deferre Circumcision till his recouerie they hold also the blowing of the North winde necessarie to this action and therefore thinke that their Fathers for bare circumcision those fortie yeeres in the Wildernesse because the North winde blew not all that time lest it should haue blowne away the piller of smoake and fire and besides this winde is wholsome for wounds which else are dangerous But lest they should stay beyond the eighth day expecting this Northerne breath their Talmud tels that euery day there blow foure windes and that the North is mixed with them all and therefore they may Circumcise euery day If the Child

to his Scepter The people he remoued into other parts of his Dominion sending the former inhabitants into Cheylan and Mazandran Not long after the brother of that King of Corassan which had beene Tutor to Abas rebelled against his brother and slew him and all his children except one with whom his Tutors fled into the Mountaines This occasion Abas apprehended for the subduing of that Countrey in the Infants right which notwithstanding the treasons of Ferrat now weary of his former loyalty and conspiring with the Turke and Tartar to betray his Master to them hee effected These things with larger circumstances Abas himselfe related to Sir Anthonie and Sir Robert As for his gouernment the same is there also described but I haue beene too long in the former Hee hath Posts once a weeke from all parts The Visire sitteth in counsell with the Kings counsell euery morning and the King himselfe euery Wednesday The poorest may offer him any supplication which he readeth registreth ordereth One example of Iustice is admirable which he sentenced on the Gouernour of Casbin conuict of many extortions briberies and other crimes That all his goods and lands should be sold for satisfaction to those whom hee had spoyled and if any thing wanted since the King by giuing him that authoritie was partly the cause of those excesses hee condemned himselfe to pay the residue out of his treasurie If any thing aduanced it should bee giuen to his children with a grieuous Edict that no succour should be ministred to himselfe Neither should hee at once end his punishment by death but during his life weare a Yoke like a Hogs-yoke and haue his eares and nose cut off nor might any relieue him but hee should get his liuing with his owne hands that hee might feele in himselfe the miserie of pouertie This made the Turks Embassador there present sweare that such fortune such vertue must needs be his Masters ruine His bountie to our Author his magnificence otherwise let the Reader there learne as likewise his priuate disports and exercises At his entrance into Hisphaan the wayes were couered two English miles with Veluet Satin and Cloth of Gold where his horse should passe He feasted Sir Anthony before his employment in that honorable Embassage to the Princes Christian after the maner of the ancient feasting vsed by the Persians thirty dayes together in a Garden of two miles compasse vnder Tents pitched by small rils of water where euery man that would come was placed according to his degree vnder one or other Tent prouided abundantly with meate fruit and wine drinking as they would without compulsion The ioy of which feast was augmented by the Tartars of Buckhawrd yeelding themselues to his subiection and by the great Mogors great offer with his eldest sonnes daughter to the young sonne of King Abas in marriage But I referre the more desirous to Sir Anthonies owne booke hauing thence gathered this because it differeth so much in some things from others then whom he had farre better meanes of intelligence CHAP. IX Of the Sophian Sect or Persian Religion as it is at this present §. I. The differences betwixt the Turke and Persian with the zeale of both parts IT hath beene already shewed how the Saracens had one Calyfa or Caliph whom they esteemed the Head of their Religion and Empire in right vnto both succeeding their grand Seducer Mahomet and how the foure Captaines or Doctors each ayming vnder colour of Religion to further his ambitious Proiects made way to difference of Sects in the beginning and in succeeding Ages the Sword decided who was rghtfull successor the posterity of each challenging to himselfe that right according as they were able in the Fielde to maintaine it These Persians affected Hali as truest interpreter of their Law and Lord of the State to whom Mahomet gaue his daughter in his life time and his Alcoran at his death being his kinsman also by birth and although by the violence of the contradicting Caliphes they did not alway make hereof open profession yet euer and anone as occasion was offered this fire brake out yet neuer into so great a flame as after the yeere 1369. by Sophi Guine Aidar Ismael and their successors vnto this day their Sect being that onely of the seuenty two Saracenicall so many some account which shall in the Persian estimation haue admission into Paradise all the rest and why not this also leading to hell From that diuision betwixt the Persians and Arabians about the successor of Mahomet it is Barrius his Relation in which the Persians call themselues Sia which signifieth the vnion of one body but the Arabians call them Raffadin that is vnreasonable and themselues Cunin proceeded other Sects amongst the Mahumetans and amongst the Persians two called Camarata and Mutazeli which follow little the saying of the Prophets but would haue all proued to them by naturall reason not allowing Moses or Mahomet any further There is one Sect amongst them called Malaheda which subiecteth all things to Chance and to the Stars not to Diuine Prouidence There are other called Emozaidi which reiect many things in the Alcoran and follow the doctrine of Zaidi the Nephew of Hocem second sonne of Ali these inhabite on the confines of Prester Iohn and in Melinde But to come to the common Persians and to obserue out of Barrius the diuersity of opinion betwixt them and the Arabians their Doctors reduce these differences into seuenteene conclusions The Persians say That GOD is the Author and worker of euery good and that euill commeth from the Deuill The Arabians say That would bring in two Gods one of good the other of euill the Persians say that God is eternall and that the law and creation of men had a beginning the Arabians answere That all the words of the law are prayses of the works of God and therefore eternall like himselfe the Persians say That the soules of the blessed in the other world cannot see the essence of God because he is a Spirit of Diuinity onely they shall see his greatnesse mercy pitty all other good things which he works in the creatures the Arabians answere That they shall see him with their eyes euen as hee is the Persians say That when Mahomet receiued the Law his soule was carried by the Angel Gabriel into the presence of God the Arabians affirme it of his body also the Persians say That the children of Ali or Alle and Fatema and their twelue Nephewes haue preheminence aboue all Prophets the Arabians grant it aboue all other men but not aboue the Prophets the Persians say that it is sufficient to pray thrice a day vnto God in the morning when the Sunne riseth which is called Sob the second Dor at noone the third Magareb before Sunne-set because these three containe all the parts of the day the Arabians require twice besides according to their law called Hacer and Assa The rest of

Priest vnto the Church which was very homely couered with base twigs or boughs not much better then the Priest their hoste his Tent in which a man might not stand vpright Enquiring after the disposition of the people they learned that they were vtterly ignorant of buying and selling of fraude and stealing They neither had nor cared to haue gold or siluer and when he offered ten pieces of gold to the Priest hee refused it onely was content to accept a little rayment The Hammientes are not much distant in place or differing in name from the Ammonians which built their houses of Salt digging the salt-stones out of the Mountaynes which they with morter apply to their buildings Mela ioyneth to these aforesaid the Atlantes which curse the Sunne at the setting and rising as bringing damage to them and their fields A practice not vnlike to the women of Angola at this day who as Andrew Battle which liued there testifieth salute the New Moone when they first see her by holding vp their hinder parts naked against her as the cause of their troublesome menstruous purgation These Atlantes haue no proper names nor feede of such things as haue life He affirmeth of the Garamantes that they had no wiues but liued in a beastly communitie The Augila acknowledge no other Gods but Ghosts or Soules departed by which they sweare with which they consult as Oracles to which they pray at their Tombes receiuing answeres by dreames The women the first night of marriage are prostituted to all that will see them the more the greater honour but after must obserue their owne husbands The Trogleditae dwell in Caues and feede on Serpents and rather make a sound or noyse then humane voyce they vsed Circumcision they named not their Children by their Parents names but by the names of sheepe or other beasts which yeeld them nourishment Their wiues and children saith Agatharchides are common onely the Kings wife is proper yet if any had lyen with her his punishment was but the losse of a sheepe In their Winter they liue on bloud and milke which are mixed and heated together at the fire In their Summer they kill the scabbed and diseased of their Cattell They entitle none with the name of Parents but the Bull and Cow the Ram and Ewe and the Male and Female of the Goates because of these they receiue their nourishment and not from their Parents They goe naked all but the buttocks Such as want that skin which others circumcise 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they depriue of the whole flesh so farre as the circumcision should haue extended Their funerall Rites were to tye the necks of the dead to their legs and couer them with heapes of stones setting a goates horne on the top with laughter rather then mourning Their old men which can follow the flockes no longer they strangle with an Oxe-taile which medicine they minister likewise to those that haue grieuous diseases or maymes And vnto these doth Plinie adde the Blemmyae with faces in their brests the Satyres Aegypanes Himantopodes and other monsters scarce worthy Relation or credit These parts I haue thus ioyned in one Discourse as liuing for the most part a wilde life as the Arabians and Tartars doe at this day and for Religion hauing nothing notable that I finde but as you haue heard Procopius writeth of the Blemyes and Nobatae that Iustinian placed them in Egypt about Elephantina that they before obserued the Greekes deuotions Isis also and Osiris and Priapus and sacrificed to the Sunne which Rites the Emperour prohibited But hee mentions no such Monsters The Arabians which vnder Elcain about the foure hundred yeere of their Hegeira gaue a Ducat a man to passe into Africke are Lords and Inhabitants of the Desarts to this day liuing as wee say a dogs life in hunger and ease professing Mahumets sect The Adrimachidae liued neere to the Egyptians both in situation and custome The Nasamones had many wiues with which they had companie publikely The first night of the marriage all the guests had dealing with the Bride and rewarded her with some gift The Guidanes had a more beastly custome whose women glorying in their shame ware so many frindges of leather as they had found Louers The Malchyes ware the haire on the hinder part of their head as the Iaponians now doe The Auses vsed the contrarie whose Virgins in the yeerly feast of Minerua diuided themselues into two companies and skirmished with staues and stones If any Virgins dyed of the wounds they accounted them false Maides The most martiall Virago of the companie they arme and crowne and place in a Chariot with great solemnitie They vsed not marriage but had women in common the childe being reckoned his with whom shee chooseth to liue To adde a word of the Cyrenians they held it vnlawfull to smite a Cow in honour of Isis whose Fasts and Feasts they solemnely obserued and in Barca they abstayned both from Beefe and Hogs flesh They seared the crownes or temples of their children to preuent the distilling of the rheume In their sacrificing they first cut off the eare of the beast as first fruits and hurled it ouer the house Their gods were the Sunne and Moone The Maxes shaue the left side of their heads leauing the haire on the right side The Zigantes feede on Apes whereof they haue plentie The Megauares make no account of Sepulchres in stead whereof they couer the corps with stones and set vp a Goates horne on the stone heape They haue many skirmishes for their pastures which are ended by the mediation of old Women who may safely interpose themselues and end the fray or battell if you will so call it When men are so old that they can no longer follow the herds they strangle him with a Cowes taile if he will not preuent them by doing it himselfe The like medicine they administer to such as are dangerously sicke Of the Macae Caelius thinkes the Roman Priests borrowed their shauen crownes Other things which our Authors adde of these people and others adioyning as seeming too fabulous I list not to expresse Silius Italicus in his Poems and Aldrete in his Antiquities of Spaine and Afrike expresse diuers of their ancient Rites and Names and that which seemes to vs most fitting shall in this Historie be inserted This part of the World as least knowne to the Ancients yeelded both Poets and Historians most matter of their Fables in explayning whereof Aldrete hath written in Spanish very learnedly as also of the later times when the Romans Vandals and since the Arabians haue preuayled CHAP. VIII Of that part of Barbarie now called the Kingdome of Tunis and Tripolis §. I. The name Barbarie the Kingdome of Tunis and Antiquitie of Carthage ALl the Tract of Land betweene Atlas and the Sea stretching in length from Egypt to the Straits is called Barbaria either of Barbar which signifieth to murmure because such seemed the

mentioned Wheele from the Sunne which was made in the Center vpwards to the Circumference Another manner of writing or signing they had in Circle-wise In the Prouince of Yucatan or Honduras there were Bookes of the leaues of Trees folded and squared which contained the knowledge of the Planets of Beasts and other Naturall things and of their Antiquities which some blindly-zealous Spaniards taking for Inchantments caused to be burned The Indians of Tescuco Talla and Mexico shewed vnto a Iesuite their Bookes Histories and Kalendars which in Figures and Hieroglyphicks represented things after their manner Such as had forme or figure were represented by their proper Images other things were represented by Characters and I haue seene saith Acosta the Pater Noster Aue Maria and Confession thus written As for these things I a Sinner doe confesse my selfe they painted an Indian kneeling on his knees at a Religious mans feet To God most mightie they painted three faces with their Crownes according to that painting blasphemy of the Popish Image-mongers and so they went on in that manner of picturing the words of their Popish Confession where Images failed setting Characters Their Bookes for this cause were great which besides their engrauings in Stone Walles or Wood they made of Cotton-wooll wrought into a kind of Paper and of leaues of Metll folded vp like our Broad-clothes and written on both sides Likewise they made them of the thinne inner rinde of a Tree growing vnder the vpper barke as did also the Ancient Latines from whence the names of Codex and Liber for a Booke are deriued by our Grammarians They did bind them also into some forme of Bookes compacting them with Bitumen their Characters were of Fish-hookes Starres Snares Files c. Thus did they keepe their priuate and publike Records There were some in Mexico that vnderstood each other by whistling which was ordinarily vsed by Louers and Theeues a Language admirable euen to our wits so highly applauded by our selues and as deeply deiecting these Nations in termes of sillinesse and simplicitie Yea in Our Virginia so I hope and desire Captaine Smith told mee that there are some which the spacious diuorce of the wide streame notwithstanding will by hallowes and hoopes vnderstand each other and entertaine conference The numbers of the Mexicans are simple till you come to six then they count sixe and one sixe and two sixe and three ten is a number by it selfe which in the insuing numbers is repeated as in other Languages till fifteene which they reckon in one terme ten fiue and one and so the rest to twentie Some write that the men in Mexico sate downe and the women stood when they made water The Mexicans did beleeue concerning the soule that it was immortall and that men receiued either ioy or paine according to their deserts and liuing in this World They held for an assured faith that there were nine places appointed for soules and the chiefest place of glory to bee neere vnto the Sunne where the soules of good men slaine in the Warres and those which were sacrificed are placed that the soules of wicked men abide in the earth and were diuided after this sort children which were dead-borne went to one place those which dyed of age or other disease went to another those which died of wounds or contagion to a third those which were executed by order of Iustice to a fourth but Parricides which slew their Parents or which slew their wiues or children to a fift Another place was for such as slew their Masters or Religious persons Acosta seemeth to deny that the Indians beleeued any punishments after death and yet setteth downe an Oration made at Mutezumas Election wherein he is said to haue pierced the nine Vaults of heauen which seemeth to allude to this of Gomara Their burials also were diuers as in shewed before and heere may bee added that hee which died for Adultery was shrowded like vnto their god of Leachery called Tlazoulterel he that was drowned like to Tlaloc he that died of drunkennesse like to the god of wine Ometochtli the Souldier like to Vitziliputzli But lest you wish me buried in like manner which trouble as much my English Reader with New-Spaines tedious Relations as Old-Spaines fastidious insulting spirits haue sometime done our English Nation I will aduenture further into the adioyning Prouinces CHAP. XIIII Of other places betwixt New Spaine and the Straits of Dariene §. I. Of Iucatan Acusamil Guatimala and Hondura IVCATAN is a point of Land extending it selfe into the Sea ouer against the Isle Cuba and was first discouered by Francis Hernando de Cordona in the yeere 1517. at which time one asking an Indian how this Countrey was called he answered Tectoten Tectetan that is I vnderstand you not which words the Spaniards corrupting both in the sound and interpretation called it Iucatan Iames Velasques Gouernour of Cuba sent his Cousin Iohn de Grijalua the yeere after who there fought with the Indians at Campotan and was hurt The Spaniards went to a Citie on the shore which for the greatnesse they called Cayro of that great Citie in Aegypt Here they found Turreted Houses Stately Temples Wayes paued and faire Market-places The houses were of stone or brick and lyme very artificially composed To the square Courts or first habitations of their houses they ascended by ten or twelue steps The roofe was of Reeds or stalkes of Herbs The Indians gaue the Spaniards Iewels of Gold very faire and cunningly wrought and were requited with Vestures of Silke and Wooll Glasse Beads and little Bels. Their apparell was of Cotton in manifold fashions and colours They frequented their Temples much to the which the better sort paued wayes with stone from their houses They were great Idolaters and were circumcised but not all They liued vnder Lawes and traffiked together with great fidelitie by exchanging commodities without money The Spaniards saw Crosses amongst them and demanmanding whence they had them they said that a certaine man of excellent beauty passing by that coast left them that notable token to remember him others said a certaine man brighter then the Sunne dyed in the working thereof The Spaniards sayled thence to Campechium a towne or three thousand houses Here they saw a square Stage or Pulpit foure Cubits high partly of clammie Bitumen and partly of small stones whereto the image of a man cut in Marble was ioyned two foure-footed vnknowne beasts fastning vpon vpon him as if they would teare him in pieces And by the Image stood a Serpent all besmeared with bloud deuouring a Lyon it was seuen and forty foot long and as bigge as an Oxe These things I mention as testimonies of their Art in these barbarous places and perhaps of their deuotion also Grijalua or Grisalua seeing a Tower farre off at Sea by direction therof came to an Iland called Cosumel agreeing in priuate and publike manner of life with them

Voyages relateth It is time for vs to passe beyond the Darien Straits vnto that other great Chersonesus or Peruvian AMERICA RELATIONS OF THE DISCOVERIES REGIONS AND RELIGIONS OF THE NEW WORLD OF CVMANA GVIANA BRASILL CHICA CHILI PERV AND OTHER REGIONS OF AMERICA PERWIANA AND OF their Religions THE NINTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the Southerne America and of the Countries on the Sea-coast betwixt Dariene and Cumana §. I. Of the great Riuers in these parts and of Dariene THis Peninsula of the New World extending it selfe into the South is in forme somewhat like to Africa and both to some huge Pyramis In this the Basis or ground is the Northerly part called Terra Fuma from whence it lesseneth it selfe by degrees as it draweth neerer the Magellan Straits where the top of this Spire may fitly bee placed On the East side it is washed with the North Ocean as it is termed On the West with that of the South called also the Peaceable It is supposed to haue sixteene thousand miles in compasse foure thousand in length the breadth is vnequall The Easterne part thereof betweene the Riuers Maragnon and Plata is challenged by the Portugals the rest by the Spaniard From the North to the South are ledges of Mountaines the tops whereof are said to be higher then that Birds will visit the bottomes yeeld the greatest Riuers in the World and which most enrich the Oceans store-house Orenoque Maragnon and Plata seeme to be the Indian Triumuiri Generals of those Riuer-Armies and Neptunes great Collectors of his watery tributes Orenoque for ships is nauigable a thousand miles for lesse Vessels two thousand in some places twentie miles broad in some thirtie Berreo affirmed to Sir Walter Raleigh That a hundred Riuers fell into it marching vnder his name and colours the least as bigge as Rio Grande one of the greatest Riuers or America It extendeth two thousand miles East and West and commandeth eight hundred miles North and South Plata taking vp all the streames in his way is so full swolne with his increased store that he seemeth rather with bigge lookes to bid defiance to the Ocean then to acknowledge homage opening his mouth fortie leagues wide as if he would deuoure the same and with his vomited abundance maketh the salt waters to recoyle following fresh in this pursuit till in salt sweates at last he melteth himselfe in the Combate Maragnon is farre greater whose water hauing furrowed a Channell of sixe thousand miles in the length of his winding passage couereth threescore and ten leagues in breadth and hideth his Bankes on both sides from him which sayleth in the middest of his proud Current making simple eyes beleeue that the Heauens alway descend to kisse and embrace his waues And sure our more-straitned world would so far be accessary to his aspiring as to style him with the royall title of Sea and not debase his greatnesse with the meaner name of a Riuer Giraua some what otherwise writeth of these Riuers that Plata called by the Indians Paranaguaeu as one should say a Riuer like a Sea is twenty fiue leagues in the mouth placed by him in thirty three degrees of Southerly latitude encreasing in the same time and manner as Nilus Maragnon hee saith is in the entrance fiue leagues and is not the same with Orellana so called of Francis Orella the the first Spaniard that sayled in it and Amazones of the fabulous reports as Giraua termeth them of such women there seene which hee sayth hath aboue fifty leagues of breadth in the mouth and is the greatest Riuer of the World called by some the fresh Sea running aboue fifteene hundred leagues vnder the Aequinoctiall Thus much Hee though lesse then others yet more then can bee paraleld in any other streames This Southerne halfe of America hath also at the Magellane Straits contracted and as it were shrunke in it selfe refusing to be extended further in so cold a Climate The manifold riches of Metals Beasts and other things in the beginning of the former Booke haue been declared and in this as occasion moueth shall bee further manifested The Men are the worst part as being in the greatest parts thereof inhumane and brutish The Spanish Townes in this great tract and their Founders are set downe by Pedro de Cieza Herera and others I rather intend Indian Superstitions then Spanish plantations in this part of my Pilgrimage Of the Townes of Nombre de Dios seuenteene leagues from Panama the one on the North Sea the other on the South and of Dariene wee last tooke our leaues as vncertaine whether to make them Mexican or Peruvian being borderers and set in the Confines betwixt both The moorish soyle muddie water and grosse Ayre conspire with the heauenly Bodies to make Dariene vnwholesome the myrie streame runneth or creepeth rather very slowly the water but sprinkled on the house-floore engendreth Toades and Wormes They haue in this Prouince of Dariene store of Crocodiles one of which kinde Cieza saith was found fine and twentie foot long Swine without tailes Cats with great tailes Beasts clouen-footed like Kine otherwise resembling Mules sauing their spacious eares and a trunke or snowt like an Elephant there are Leopards Lyons Tygres On the right and left hand of Dariene are found twenty Riuers which yeeld Gold The Men are of good stature thinne haired the Women weare Rings on their eares and noses with quaint ornaments on their lips The Lords marry as many Wiues as them listeth other men one or two They forsake change and sell their Wiues at pleasure They haue publike Stewes of women and of men also in many places without any discredit yea this priuiledgeth them from following the warres The yong Girles hauing conceiued eate certain herbs to cause abortion Their Lords and Priests consult of warres after they haue drunke the smoke of a certaine herbe The Women follow their husbands to the warres and know how to vse a Bow They all paint themselues in the warres They neede no Head-pieces for their heads are so hard that they will breake a Sword being smitten thereon Wounds receiued in warre are the badges of honour whereof they glory much and thereby enioy some Franchises They brand their prisoners and pull out one of their teeth before They will sell their children are excellent Swimmers both Men and Women accustoming themselues twice or thrice a day thereunto Their Priests are their Physicians and Masters of Ceremonies for which cause and because they haue conference with the Deuill they are much esteemed They haue no Temples nor Houses of deuotion The Deuill they honour much which in terrible shapes doth sometimes appeare vnto them as I saith Cieza haue heard some of them say They beleeue that there is one God in heauen to wit the Sunne and that the Moone is his wife and therefore worship these two Planets They worship the Deuill also and paint him in such