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A05335 Of the interchangeable course, or variety of things in the whole world and the concurrence of armes and learning, thorough the first and famousest nations: from the beginning of ciuility, and memory of man, to this present. Moreouer, whether it be true or no, that there can be nothing sayd, which hath not bin said heretofore: and that we ought by our owne inuentions to augment the doctrine of the auncients; not contenting our selues with translations, expositions, corrections, and abridgments of their writings. Written in French by Loys le Roy called Regius: and translated into English by R.A.; De la vicissitude ou variete des choses en l'univers. English Leroy, Louis, d. 1577.; Ashley, Robert, 1565-1641. 1594 (1594) STC 15488; ESTC S113483 275,844 270

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thother Phrygia the Lydians Carians Phenicians and Babylonians He ouercame the Bactrians Indians and Cilicians Moreouer also the Saques Paphlagonians Magadides and many other Nations Likewise he made himselfe Lord of the Greeks dwelling in Asia and passing the sea he vanquished the Cyprians and Egiptians He besieged and tooke Babylon which it was incredible that it might either be built by mans workmanship or distroyed by humane power And neuerthelesse he assailed it as an enemie spoiled it as vanquishour and disposed of it as Lord. He brought vnder his obedience so many Nations which were not of his language nor vnderstood not one an other and stretched his dominion ouer so many Regions by the feare of his name In such sort that he astonied all the world and none durst resist him This notwithstanding he made himselfe so much beloued that they desired neuer to haue any other Lord and they reuerenced him as a father gouerning so great an Empire and of such largenes by a meruailous order which he set downe when he was in peace Prouiding for his residence counsail audiences his gards the estate of his house the seruice exercise and health of his person the traine and followers of his Court diuision of his prouinces and gouernments of garrisons in fortresses and frontiers his reuenew iustice and souldiery Showing himselfe religious venerable magnificent liberal and worthie to be imitated in all actions by the Princes that followed after him It is said that Alexander hauing found the sepulcher of Cyrus vncouered and defaced caused him to be put to death which had done it And hauing read the inscription which was in Persian letters and words he willed hit also to be written in Greeke vnderneath and the substance of the inscription being this O Man whatsoeuer thou art and whence soeuer thou comest for I am assured that thou wilt come I am Cyrus he which conquered the Empire for the Persians and I pray thee do not enuie me this little earth which couereth my poore bodie These words moued greatly the hart of Alexander to compassion when he considered the vnstabilitie of things XENOPHON vnderstanding Cyrus to haue bin a Prince so admirable in his deedes and excellent in gouernment of men he chose him to expresse in his person the image of a iust and moderate raigne writing of his institution which is one of the best bookes that is to be read in Greeke Plato acknowledging him for a worthy and valiant Prince said that he failed greatly in bringing vp of his children for beginning from his youth to make warre and being busied all his life therein he neuer thought on the gouernment of his house but left his two sonns CAMBISES and SMERDES to the Ladies of the Court and to the Eunuches to bring vp who brought them vp as children that were borne happie not suffering any to gainsay them in any sort and constrayning all to praise whatsoeuer they did or said As Cyrus then was a Maister of a great multitude of men and beasts and of many other things he did not consider that they to whom he was to leaue so many good things were not brought vp in the auncient Persian discipline but in the corrupt discipline of the Medes which was the cause of making them such as commonly they are which are brought vp with so much libertie Succeeding their father then after his decease first th one slew the other not being able to endure an equal and then like a mad man through dronkennesse and ignorance he lost his estate by reason of the contempt which men had of his follie Then DARIVS the first of that name came to the Empire who was no kings sonne nor brought vp in Courtly delights who gouerned himself by the Lawes bringing in a common equalitie and making friendship amongst them all whom he won with good deedes So being beloued of his subiects he conquered no fewer Countries then Cyrus had left him ordayning thorough out all the Countries landes and Lordships vnder his obedience twentie gouernments called in the Persian language Satrapies and taxing the annuall tributes which euery of them ought to pay in siluer after the waight of the Babylonian talent or in gold according to the Euboick for during the raigne of Cyrus and his sonne Cambyses there was no tribute imposed but the Countries brought certaine presents and gaue certaine gratuites and giftes to the king by reason of which imposition the Persians said that DARIVS was a Merchant CAMBISES a Lord and CYRVS a father because that Darius was too good a husband drew profit out of euery thing Cambises proude and cruel but Cyrus soft kind gentle and gratious hauing procured all good things vnto the Persians The first Satrapie comprehended the Iouians the Magnetians which are in Asia the Eolians Car●ans Lycians Melyans and Pamphylians all which made but a tribute of fortie talents of siluer The second was of the Mysians Lydians Alysonians Cabalians and Higennians which paied fiftie talents of siluer The third of the Hellespontins Phrygians Paphlagonians Mariandines and Syrians taxed at CCClx. talents The fourth of the Cilicians which were bound to furnish euery yeare CCClx. white horses which was for euery day in the yeare a seueral horse paying moreouer fiue hundred talents wherof a hundred and fortie were appointed for the finding of the said horses and the other three hundred three score went into the kings cofers The fifth began at the Citie of Possidea situated in the mountains of Cilicia and Syria and stretched out vnto Egipt except Arabia which was exempted This parcel of land wherin were comprehended Phenicia Palestina and the Isle of Cypres yeelded CCCL talents The sixth consisted in all Egipt and the bordering Africans with Cyrene and Barce which contributed with them so that the annual reuenew was of seuen hundred Talents besides the fishing of the poole Meris and without reckoning of the Wheat which was prouided for six score thousand Persians and their auxiliaries keeping garrison within the white wals of Memphis The seuenth was of the Sattagidians Gaudarians Dadiques Aparites which was Clxx. talēts The eight contained the towne of Sourses and an other portion of the Cysses yeelding CCC The ninth consisted in the Citie of Babylon and the rest of Assyria finding a thousand talents of siluer fiue hundred gelded boies Of the tenth ordained for Ecbatane the rest of Media with the xj consisting of the Paricanians Orthocorimbantes were receiued CCCCL talents The twelfth reached from the Bactrians to the Egles and was charged with CCClx. talents The thirteenth began at Pactica with the Armenians and other bordering lands and was bounded with the greater sea being taxed at CCCC talents The fourteenth consisted in the Sagarties Sarangres Thamanees Thiries Meces and in the people of the Islands of the red sea the tribute amounting vnto six hundred talents In the fifteenth were the Saces and Caspians which yeelded CCL In the sixteenth the Parthians Chorasmians Sogdians
others And whereas the whole publicke reuenew was diuided into three partes they tooke the first portion to thend to employ it in administration of sacrifices and on their necessities They were called neere vnto Kings to giue counsaile in matters of consequence both they and their children being exempted from subsidies and holding the secōd place to the king in honor dignity Thother portion of the reuenew appertayned to the Kings who employed it on the warres and on maintaining their estate and traine and in recompensing such as deserued whence it came to passe that the people was not any way oppressed with tributes and new subsidies The third part was receiued by the nobles and other men of armes wherein they were all exercised to the end that by such intertainement they should be the readier to vndertake all military hazards and that lyuing better thereby and more at ease they should be the more enclined to beget offspring of their bodies whence it came to passe that the Countrey being peopled by theis meanes had no need of forraine Souldiers They neuer learned any base or mechanical science but gaue themselues wholy to armes which exercise was taught from hand to hand by the father to the sonne Concerning their arts and handycrafts the Egyptians workes were very wel wrought and euen come to their perfection for the Artisans of Egypt employed themselues onely about workes which were permitted by the Law or which they had learned of their fathers And it behoued euery one to showe to the gouernour from yere to yere whereof he liued Otherwise for default of so doing or not shewing his manner of liuing to be iust and reasonable he was led presently to death And whereas that Countrey was more stored with people then any other of the world and furnished with such excellent Artisans their kings haue built such great Cities as Thebes and Memphis and erected and made meruailous pyramides temples labyrinths ●epultures colosses obeliskes and other like workes the greatest amongst men which enuious age thorough so long tract of time amongst so many changes of Lordships could not yet consume Furthermore the countrey of Egypt hath alwaies seemed to be the most excellent of all others as well for that it is meruailously strong and wel bounded as for the pleasing beauty of the whole Countrey For on the West side it hath the great deserts for defence and a part of the wylde Lybia which is not only difficult to passe ouer but very daungerous also for want of waters and barennes of all other thinges Towards the South it is enuironed with the scluses of Nilus and with the mountaines adioyning And to come downe from the higher Ethiopia for the space of three hundred leagues the riuer is not easily nauigable nor the way by land easy to be vndertaken if it be not by a king or with great prouision of victuals On the East side it is fortified with the sameriuer and with a deepe and hollow marish ground more then twelue leagues in length being betwixt Syria and Egypt On the North it is enclosed with a Sea which hath no hauens and where it is very difficult to finde landing Being by this meanes very safe and strong it was first grouerned by the natiue Kings of the Countrey after by the Ethiopians Persians Macedonians Romains Greekes Caliphes Soudans and at this day by the Turkes Amongst all the Kings borne in the countrey or aliens which euer raigned there SESOSTRIS was the most mighty most magnificent hauing excelled in valiancy and felicity not onely the Assyrians and Persians but also the Macedonians and Romaines His father being aduertised by reuelation of his greatnes to come to the end to make him worthier to rule the Monarchy of the whole worlde he assembled togither all the children that were borne on the same day with his sonne caused them al to be instructed in the same discipline with him thinking that being so brought vp togither they would loue one another the more be the better help to one another in the wars First of al then going against the Arabians with an army of these being hardned with pain accustomed to sobriety he brought vnder his obediēce al that nation which was free at liberty before then the greatest part of Lybia being yet very yong lifted vp in courage by the succes of this expedition he applyed al his fantasy to make himselfe Lord of al the world gathering togither an army of sixe hundred thousand foot foure and twenty thousand horse eighteen thousand chariots for war foure hundred ships on the red sea finding out first the vse of galleis ouer all whom he appointed Capitains the most part of those which had bin brought vp with him as is fayde accustomed vnto warre and from their youth giuen to vertuous exercises With this great force hee conquered on the one side Ethiopia and all the Isles of that Countrey and all the Sea-coast towardes the Indies on the other side Asia the great ouercomming not onely those nations which were afterward ouercome by Alexander but also many other whom Alexander neuer came vnto For he passed the riuer Ganges marching here and there thorough out all the Countrey of the Indians vnto the great Ocean and trauersed all the Scythians countrey vnto the riuer Tanais which de●ideth Asia from Europe Then going therehence into Thrace he was constrained by the difficulty of the places and thorough want of victuals to make an end of his enterprise setting vp diuers pillars in the conquered Countries some with the likenesse of a man others with the secret parts of women signifying thereby the valiancy or cowardize of the vanquished people Returning into Egypt with all the prisoners whose number was infinite and the spoiles of the conquered Countries he decked the Temples of Egypt with the most precious things which he had brought and hauing recompensed his souldiers which had well followed and serued him from that time forward the whole Countrey was much enriched Being at quiet he did also many great and excellent things seruing for the ornament and safety of Egypt as to raise mounts on which the townes were placed which before were low seated to th end that the men and beastes might remaine in safety during the increase of the riuer make great diches and chanels in the Countrey going from Memphis to the Sea to cary victuals more easily and readily fortifie those places where the enimies might enter on the land of Egypt making their entrance more difficulte by multitude of diches build a great wall toward Syria and Arabia from Peluse to the City of the Sunne fourescore and fourteene leagues in length But hee exceeded all other magnificence in this that when the nations which hee had ouercome and those to whome hee had giuen kingdomes as also the Capitaines which hee had ordained for the guard of his prouinces were come into Egypt at the time appointed to offer their gifts