85 Sir Hamon Crevequer Hamon de Crevequer and by his daughter to 86 Sir John John of Sandwich whose grandchild Juliana by his son John brought the same for her portion to John de Segrave From hence the shore 87 Turning south-westward Sandgate-castle built by K. Henry 8. defendeth the coast and upon a Castle-hill thereby are seen reliques of an ancient castle turning westward has Saltwood near it â—â—wood a Castle of the Archbishops of Canterbury enlarg'd by William Courtney Archbishop of that See and Ostenhanger where 88 Sir Edward Poinings and among them of Thomas Lord Poining Lieutenant of Bolen Edward Baron Poinings famous for his many bastards began a stately house 89 But left it unperfect when death had bereft him of his only lawful child which he had by his lawful wife the daughter of Sir J. Scot his neighbour at Scots-hall where the family of Scots hath liv'd in worshipful estimation a long time as descended from Pasheley and Serjeaux by Pimpe 〈◊〉 or â—â—at At 4 miles distance is Hith one of the Cinque-Ports from whence it had that name Hið in Saxon signifying a Port or Station tho' at present it can hardly answer the name by reason of the sands heap'd in there which have shut out the sea a great distance from it Nor is it very long since it 's first rise dating it from the decay of West-hythe which is a little town hard by to the west and was a haven till in the memory of our grandfathers the sea drew off from it 90 So are sea-towns subject to the uncertain vicissitude of the sea But both Hythe and West-hythe owe their original to Lime a little village adjoyning formerly a most famous port before it was shut up with the sands that were cast in by the sea Antoninus and the Notitia call it Portus Lemanis â—â—â—â—us Leâ—â—â—â—s Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which being a significative word in Greek the Librarians to supply a seeming defect writ it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so the Latin Interpreters have turn'd it into Novus Portus i.e. the new haven whereas the name of the place was Limen or Leman as it is at this day Lime Lime Here the Captain over the Company of Turnacenses kept his Station under the Count of the Saxon shore and from hence to Canterbury there is a pav'd military way 91 Call'd Stony-street Stony-street which one may easily discern to be a work of the Romans as is also a Castle hard by call'd Stutfall which included 10 acres upon the descent of a hill and the remains of the walls made of British bricks and flints are so closely cemented with a mortar of lime sand and pebles that they still bear up against time dd Tho' it is not a port at this day yet it still retains a considerable badge of it's ancient dignity for here at a place call'd Shipway the Warden of the Cinque-Ports took a solemn oath when he enter'd upon his office and here also on set-days controversies were decided between the inhabitants of those ports Some have been of opinion that a large river did once discharge it self into the sea at this place because a Writer or two has mention'd the river Lemanus and the mouth of Lemanis where the Danish fleet arriv'd in the year of our Lord 892. But I fancy they are mistaken in the description of the place both because here is no such thing as a river save a little one that presently dies and also because the Archdeacon of Huntingdon an Author of great credit has told us that this fleet arriv'd at the Portus Lemanis without e'er a word of the river Unless any one think as for my part I dare not that the river Rother which runs into the Ocean below Rhy had it's chanel this way and chang'd it by little and little when that champain tract Rumney-marsh Rumney-marsh grew into firm land For this plain level which from Lemanis contains 14 miles in length and 8 in breadth has 2 towns 19 parishes and about 44200 acres of land that because of it's fruitfulness is very good for fatting cattel has by degrees been joyn'd by the sea to the land Upon which I may as well call it the gift of the sea as Herodotus has call'd Aegypt the gift of the river Nile Peter Nannius and a very learned man has stil'd the pastures of Holland the gifts of the north-wind and the Rhine For the sea to make amends for what it has swallow'd up in other parts of this coast has restor'd it here either by retiring or by bringing in a muddy sort of substance from time to time so that some places which within the memory of our grandfathers stood upon the sea-side are now a mile or two from it How fruitful the soil is what herds of cattel it feeds that are sent hither to fat from the remotest parts of England and with what art they raise walls to fence it against the incursions of the sea are things one would hardly believe that has not narrowly view'd them For the better government of it 92 Certain Laws of Sewers were made in the time of K. Henry 3. and c. King Edward 4. made it a Corporation consisting of a Bailiff Jurates and a Common-council In the Saxon times the inhabitants of it were call'd Mersc-Æ¿are i.e. †Marsh or fenny men ‖ Viri palustres the signification of which name agrees exactly to the nature of the place And for my part I do not understand Aethelwerd that ancient Writer when he tells us that Cinulph King of the Mercians destroy'd Kent and the country call'd Mersc-warum and in another place that Herbythus a Captain was slain by the Danes in a place call'd Mersc-warum unless he means this very marshy tract Rumney or Romeney and formerly Romenal which some infer from the name to have been a work of the Romans is the chief town of these parts and of the number of the Cinque-ports having Old-Romney and Lid as members of it Rumney which in the form above-mention'd were bound to fit out five ships for the wars See Sussex under the title Cinque Ports p. 177. 'T is seated upon a high hill of gravel and sand and on the west-side of it had a pretty large haven that was guarded against most winds before the sea withdrew it self The inhabitants as Domesday-book has it upon account of their Sea-service were exempt from all customs except robbery breach of the peace and Foristell And about that time it was at it's height for it was divided into 12 Wards it has five Parish-Churches a Priory and an Hospital for the sick An. 1287. But in the reign of Edward the first when the sea driven forward by the violence of the winds overflow'd this tract and for a great way together destroy'd men cattle and houses threw down Prom-hill a little populous village and
title of Earl of Wiltshire given by King H. the 6th to him and the heirs of his body but being Lord Deputy of Ireland as some others of this family have been and Treasurer of England he was banish'd by Edw. the fourth and soon after taken and beheaded His brothers were banished likewise and absconded John died at Jerusalem without children Thomas by the favour of H. the 7th had his attainder reversed and died in the year 1515 leaving two daughters Ann married to 10 Sir James James de S. Leger and Margaret the wife of William de Bullein who had issue 11 Sir Thomas Thomas Bullein made first Viscount of Rochfort and after Earl of Wilton and Ormond by King Hen. the 8th upon his marriage with Ann Bullein the Earl's daughter by her he had Elizabeth Queen of England whose memory will be ever sacred to the English After the death of Thomas Bullein 12 Without issue male Sir Pierce c. Peter or Peirce Butler a man of great power in Ireland and of the Earl's family who had been before created Earl of Ossery by K. Henry the 8th was now also preferr'd to the Earldom of Ormond He dying left it to his son James who by the daughter and heir of James Earl of Desmond had a son Thomas Earl of Ormond now living whose fidelity and loyalty has been render'd eminent by many tryals He has married his only daughter to Theobald Butler his Brother's son upon whom King James has lately conferr'd the title of Viscount Tullo As for the story of some Irish and those too Men turned into wolves such as would be thought creditable that certain men in these parts are every year converted into wolves 't is without question fabulous unless perhaps through excess of melancholy they may be affected with that distemper which the Physicians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which will make them fancy and imagine themselves thus transformed As for those metamorphos'd Lycaones in Livonia so much talked of I cannot but have the same opinion of them Thus far we have continued in the Province of Mounster which Queen Elizabeth with great wisdom Presidents of Munster in order to advance the wealth and happiness of this Kingdom committed to the government of a Lord President that with one Assistant two Lawyers and a Secretary he might correct the insolencies of this Province and keep them to their duty The first President was Wartham St. Leger Kt. who was constituted in the year 1565 a man of great experience in the affairs of Ireland LAGENIA or LEINSTER THE second part of Ireland called by the inhabitants Leighnigh by the British Lein by the English Leinster by the Latins Lagenia and by the old Legends Lagen lies to the east entirely upon the sea bounded towards Mounster by the river Neor though in many places it reaches beyond it towards Conaught 't is bounded for a good way by the Shannon and towards Meath by its own limits The soil is rich and fruitful the air very warm and temperate and the inhabitants very near as civil and gentile in their mode of living as their neighbours in England from whence they are generally descended In Ptolemie's time it was peopled by the Brigantes Minapii Cauci and Blani From these Blani perhaps are derived and contracted those modern names Lein Leinigh and Leinster a At this day Leinster contains the Counties of Dublin Wicklow Wexford Caterlogh Kilkenny Kings-County Queens-County Kildare Meath West-Meath and Longford The whole Province is at present subdivided into the Counties of Kilkennigh Caterlogh Queens-County Kings-County Kildare Weisford and Dublin not to mention Wicklo and Fernes which either are already or will be added BRIGANTES or BIRGANTES THE Brigantes seem to have been seated between the mouth of the river Swire and the confluence of the Neor and Barrow called by Ptolemy Brigus And because there was an ancient city of the Brigantes in Spain called Brigantia Birgus now Barrow Florianus del Campo takes a great deal of pains to derive these Brigantes from his own country of Spain But allowing conjectures others may as likely derive them from the Brigantes of Britain a nation both near and populous However if what I find in some copies be true that these people were called Birgantes both he and others are plainly out for these take their denomination from the river a Now call'd Barrow Birgus about which they inhabit as the name it self may convince us These Brigantes or Birgantes Birgantes which you please peopled the Counties of Kilkenny Ossery and Caterlogh all watered by the river Birgus The County of KILKENNY THE County of Kilkenny is bounded on the west with the County of Tipperary on the east with the Counties of Weisford and Caterlogh on the south with the County of Waterford on the north with the Queens-County and on the north-west with the Upper-Ossery well beautified on all sides with towns and castles and more plentiful in every thing than any of the rest Near Ossery are those huge copling mountains Sleiew Bloemy which Giraldus calls Bladinae Montes of a vast height Bladin hills out of the bowels whereof springs the river Swire aforesaid as also the Neor and Barrow These descend in three several chanels but join in one before they fall into the sea which made the Ancients call them The three sisters The Neor commonly called the Neure in a manner cuts this County in two and when with a swift stream it has passed the Upper-Ossery the first Baron whereof was Barnabas Fitz-Patrick Upper-Ossery Barons of the Upper-Ossery raised to that honour by K. Edward the 6th and many forts on both sides it arrives at Kilkenny Kilkenny or as the word signifies the Cell or Church of Canic who was eminent for a pious and solitary life in this country The a It is now a City town is neat fair-built plentiful and by much the best midland town in this Island divided into the English-town and the Irish-town The Irish-town is as it were the suburbs where stands the said Canic's Church which hath both given name to the town and afforded a seat for the Bishops of Ossery The English-town is much newer built as I have read by Ranulph the third Earl of Chester wall'd on the west by Robert Talbot a noble man and fortified with a castle by the Butlers When the daughters of William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke made a partition of the lands among them 't is certain this fell to the share of the third sister married to Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester Lower down upon the same river stands a little fortified town called in English Thomas-town Thomas-town in Irish Bala-mac-Andan i.e. the town of Anthony's son both derived from the founder Thomas Fitz-Anthony an Englishman who flourished in Henry the third's time whose heirs are at this day Lords of the place Below this the river Callan Calâ—an runs
Exeter and last of all to the Crown But Queen Mary gave this mannour as our Lawyers call it to Thomas Marrow whose son sold it In the reign of William 1. as it is in Domesday it had forty burgesses within the Burg and nine without Henry 1. endow'd it with many privileges and K. John with more For a long time it was govern'd by a Mayor and two Bailiffs but Queen Mary granted it a Mayor two Aldermen and a Common-Council of four and twenty The inhabitants for the most part are merchants who drive a considerable trade with France and Spain Nor must I forget to take notice of two very learned men and most famous Divines bred in this School Joh. Jewell John Jewel Bishop of Salisbury Th. Harding and Thomas Harding Professor in Lovain who have very hotly and very nicely writ and engag'd one another in points of Religion From hence the Taw passing by Ralegh which formerly belonged to it's noble lords of the same name but now to the famous family sirnam'd de Chichester and after that enlarg'd by the river Towridge runs into the Severn sea Kenuith but finds not Kinuith castle mention'd by Asserius Yet there was upon this coast a castle of that name and so situated that there was no approaching it on any side but the east here in the year 879 Hubba the Dane who had harass'd the English and cut off many of them was himself cut off The place from thenceforward was call'd Hubbestow by our Historians At the same time the Danish standard call'd Reafan was took by the English Which I the rather observe because from a story in Asserius Menevensis who has writ these transactions it may be gather'd that the Danes us'd a crow for their standard which is said to have been wrought in needle-work in their Ensign by the daughters of Lothbroc the Dane portending them invincible as they imagin'd There is nothing henceforward to be seen on this North shore besides Ilfarcombe which is a pretty safe harbour for ships z and Combmarton joyning to it under which some old lead-mines not without veins of silver Combe what it signifies Nicotius have been open'd lately Now Combe that I may once for all observe it which is commonly added to the names of places in these parts signifies a low situation or a vale and perhaps may come from the British word Kum which has the same meaning and the Fâ—ench retain it in the same sense to this day 12 From the ancient Gallick Language the same with old British aa More to the south-east from hence and next to Somersetshire stands Bampton Bampton formerly Baentun which in William the Conqueror's time fell to Walter de Doway or Duacensis with very large estates in other parts of whose posterity Juliana an heiress marry'd to William Paganell Paganell or Panell commonly Paynell had issue Fulco de Bampton he had a son William and Christiana the wife of Cogan an Irishman whose posterity came to the estate the heir of William dying without issue From the Cogans it went hereditarily to the Bourchiers now Earls of Bath by Hancford and the Fitz-warins bb Earls of Devonshire In the beginning of the Norman Government not to mention Hugh the Norman whom Queen Emma had formerly made Ruler of this County King William 1. made one Baldwin hereditary Viscount of Devonshire and Baron of Okehampton who was succeeded in this honour of Viscount by his son Richard who dy'd without issue male K. Henry 1. afterwards conferr'd upon Richard de Redveriis first Tiverton and after that the honour of Plimpton with other places appertaining to it and then made him Earl of De vonshire Ford Abbâ—y Register granting him the third penny of all the revenues of that County Now the revenues of that County belonging to the King did not at the utmost exceed 30 marks out of which the said Earl was to deduct ten yearly for his own share After these he obtain'd the Isle of Wight of the said King and thence was stil'd Earl of Devonshire and Lord of the Isle He had a son Baldwin who for siding with Mawd the Empress against Stephen was banish'd Yet Richard the son recover'd his Father's honour who left two sons Baldwin and Richard in their turns Earls of Devonshire but dy'd without issue And then this honour fell to their Uncle William sirnam'd de Vernon 13 Because he was born there He had a son Baldwin who dy'd in the life-time of his father having first by Margaret the daughter of Guarin Fitz-Gerold had Baldwin the third of that name Earl of Devonshire He had two children Baldwin the last Earl of this family who dy'd without issue and chang'd the Gryphon clenching a little beast which his ancestors us'd in their seal into a scutcheon or a lion rampant azure and Isabel who was married to William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle and had a son Thomas who dy'd young and Avellina who was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Lancaster whom she very much enrich'd But she soon dying without issue Hugh Courtney descended as they write from the Royal line of France and related to the former Earls was by K. Edw. 3. by his letters only without any other ceremony created Earl of Devonshire 14 And link'd as Cousin and next heir to the said Isabel Claus 〈◊〉 9 Ed. â—â— 35. in 〈◊〉 For he commanded him to use that title 15 And by a precept to the High-Sheriff of the Shire commanded he should be so acknowledg ' d. Reginald Courtney was the first of this family that came into England brought hither by K. Henry the second and him advanc'd with the marrige of the heir of the Barony of Okehampton for that he procur'd the marriage between the said King and Elenor heir of Poictou and Aquitam But whether he was branch'd from the house of Courtney before it was match'd in the Royal blood of France or after which our Monks affirm but du Tillet Keeper of the Records of France doubteth I may say somewhat in another place Hol. Our Historians tells us that the branch of that family which seated is self here was deriv'd from the Royal house of France But however that matter be there is one branch still in France known by the title of Princes of Courtenay as being lineally descended from Lewis le Grosse King of France Another branch came to be Emperors of Constantinople and enjoyed that Dignity for three or four descents Another seated it self in the East where Jocelin de Courtnay famous in the Holy Wars was made Count of Edesâ—â— He was succeeded by his son Hugh after him Edward his grandchild by his son Edward enjoy'd it and dying left it to his son Hugh He likewise to a son Thomas who dy'd in the 36 of K. Hen. 6. This Thomas had three sons Thomas Henry and John whose fortune during the bloody wars between the houses of York
from the high land behind it mole of earth which cost no small pains in throwing up but there is nothing remaining of the Castle saving the name There is nothing of greater Antiquity relating to this than that King Alfred by his Will gave Stourminster to his younger son c It was then in the Crown but about 100 years after that K. Edgar gave it being 30 Hides to the Abbey of Glassenbury as K. Edmund Ironside gave Newton-Castle being 17 Hides to the same Abbey They are now part of the possessions of Thomas Freke In the neighbourhood are two pretty high hills at Silleston the one call'd Hameldon the other Hodde both fortify'd with a triple rampire n and not far off I cannot be particular in the place d Dugd. Baron part 1. p. 572. was Okâ—ford the chief Barony of Robert the son of Pagan commonly call'd Fitz-Payne who marry'd the daughter of Guido de Brient and was dignify'd with a Barony in these western parts in Edw. 3. s reign but for want of heirs male of the family of the Fitz-Paynes these titles of Barons Fitz-Payne Barons Fitz-Payne Barons Brient Barons Poynings Brient and Poynings coming first to the Poynings Barons of that age did by a daughter of their family in the reign of Hen. 6. meet altogether in the Percies Earl of Northumberland o But within the memory of our fathers by the bounty of Hen. 8. the dignity of Baron Poynings reviv'd in 19 Sir Tho. Poynings son of Sir Edward Poynings Thomas Poynings a souldier who had many illegitimate children and with him it presently expir'd 20 As bastardly slips seldom take good root From hence the Stoure passing by Brienston that is Brientius's town the seat of the ancient family of the Rogers p Blandford touches at Blandford a market-town which having been in our time by accident burnt down is much improv'd by neat buildings and a greater number of inhabitants From thence flowing by e Now part of the great possessions of Henry Portman Tarrent where Richard Poor Bishop of Salisbury sounded a little Nunnery with a swift current it hastens to that ancient town call'd Vindogladia Vindogladra of which Antoninus takes notice by the Saxons call'd Wynburnham now commonly Winburne Winburne and from it's monastery Winburnminster from whence it is just 16 miles to Dorchester the same number that Antoninus makes between Vindogladia and Durnovaria I suppose it took it's name from the situation between f The Stowre and Allen. two rivers for Windugledy in the British language signifies between two swords now that the Britains call'd their rivers by the name of swords in a peculiar dialect is plain from Aberduglediau the British name of Milford-haven that is the mouth of two swords because the two rivers call'd Clediau that is swords run into it The modern name also seems to be taken from rivers for Winburne is compounded of Vin a piece of the old word Burn what among the Saxons and the Saxon Burne which in this language signifies a river and by the addition of that word they were wont to express the names of places that stood by the water-side The town it self is seated at the foot of a hill being large and very well inhabited 21 But few fair buildings It was of great reputation in the Saxon times I believe upon no other account than that it retain'd then some signs of the Roman magnificence The Saxon Annals In the year 713. when Cuthberg sister to Ina King of the West-Saxons being weary of a marry'd life procur'd a bill of divorce from her husband the King of the Northumbrians she founded a Nunnery here which in time decaying there was a new Church erected in it's place with a fair vault under the Choir and a very high spire r besides the steeple Into this Prehendaries were introduc'd instead of Nuns where within the memory of our fathers Reginald Poole was Dean who afterwards was made a Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury adding to the quality of his race for he had royal blood in his veins s the reputation of piety wisdom and eloquence K. Etheldred one of the best of Princes the brother of Alfred who was slain in a battel against the Danes at Wittingham lies buried in this Church upon whose tomb not long since repair'd this Inscription is to be read IN HOC LOCO QUIESCIT CORPVS S. ETHELREDI REGIS WEST-SAXONUM MARTYRIS QUI ANNO DOMINI DCCCLXXII XXIII APRILIS PER MANUS DANORUM PAGANORUM OCCUBUIT i.e. Here rests the body of Etheldred King of the West-Saxons Martyr who fell by the hands of the Pagan Danes in the year of our Lord DCCCLXXII the XXIII of April Near whom lies bury'd 22 Geâ—trude Blunt daughter to William Lord Montjoy Gertrude t Marchioness of Exeter the mother of Edward Courtney the last Earl of Devonshire of that family and on the other side of the Choir John de Beaufort Duke of Somerset with his wife 23 Margaret daughter and heir to Sir John Beauchamp of Bleteneshor whose daughter Margaret Countess of Richmond Mother of Hen. 7. a Princess of extraordinary piety founded a school here for the education of youth u But to shift the scene of my discourse from the Church to the Town When the Danes by foul practices endeavour'd to raise civil discords amongst the English and had broken the alliance between K. Edw. the elder and Aethelwald his kinsman Aethelwald being highly ambitious of the government and having an inveterate hatred to his Prince us'd all possible means to fortifie this place But as soon as Edward drew near with his forces and had encamp'd at Baddan-byrig which they now call Badbury Badbury he withdrew himself by flight to his Confederates the Danes Now this Badbury is a hill scarce two miles off entrench'd with a triple ditch where stood a Castle as they say formerly the seat of the West-Saxon Kings Which notwithstanding if ever there was such a one is so utterly decay'd that I saw not the least sign of it In the neighbourhood I saw Kingston a little village call'd g Now Kingston Hall it is the possession of Sir John Banks whose father Sir Ralph Banks built upon it a stately house and his grandfather Sir John Banks bought it of the adopted son of Charles Blunt Earl of Devonshire to whom it was given by K. Jam. 1. It came to the Crown by Hen. 4. son to John of Gaunt D. of Lancaster Kingston Lacy Kingston-Lacy because it belong'd to the Lacys Earls of Lincoln together with Winburn to whom by bargain and sale it came thro' the hands of Quincie Earl of Winchester from the Earls of Leicester For King Henry 1. gave it to Robert Earl of Mellent and Leicester and at last both places came to the house of Lancaster of whose signal favours Winburn as I have said was particularly sensible At some distance from Winburn
to reckon up the Earls of Kent in their order omitting Godwin 99 And Leofwin his brother and others under the Saxons who were not hereditary but officiary Earls Odo brother by the mother's side to William the Conqueror is the first Earl of Kent we meet with of Norman extraction He was at the same time Bishop of Baieax and was a person of a wicked factious temper always bent upon sowing sedition in the State Whereupon 1 Whereupon he was committed to prison by a subtil distinction as Earl of Kent and not Bishop of Bayeux in regard of his Holy Orders after a great rebellion he had rais'd his Nephew William Rufus depriv'd him of his whole estate and dignity in England Afterwards when Stephen had usurp'd the Crown of England and endeavour'd to win over persons of courage and conduct to his party he conferr'd that honour upon William of Ipres a Fleming who being as Fitz-Stephen calls him ‖ Vâ—â— Canâ—â— cubaâ—â— a grievous burthen to Kent was forc'd by King Henry 2. to march off with tears in his eyes 2 And so became a Monk Henry the second 's son likewise whom his father had crown'd King having a design to raise a rebellion against his father did upon the same account give the title of Kent to Philip Earl of Flanders but he was Earl of Kent no farther than by a bare title and promise For as Gervasius Dorobernensis has it Philip Earl of Flanders promis'd his utmost assistance to the young King binding himself to homage by oath In return for his services the King promis'd him revenues of a thousand pound with all Kent as also the Castle of Rochester with the Castle of Dover Not long after Hubert de Burgo who had deserv'd singularly well of this kingdom was for his good service advanc'd to the same honour by K. Henry 3. 3 Who also made him chief Justice of England He was an entire Lover of his Country and amidst the very storms of adversity discharg'd all those duties that it could demand from the best of subjects But he dy'd divested of his honour and this title slept till the reign of Edward the second An. Eâ—â— Edward bestow'd it upon his younger brother Edmund of Woodstock who being tutor to his nephew K. Edward 3. undeservedly fell under the lash of envy and was beheaded The crime was that he openly profess'd his affection to his depos'd brother and after he was murther'd knowing nothing of it endeavour'd to rescue him out of prison 4 Perswaded thereto by such as covertly practis'd his destruction but his two sons Edmund and John 5 Who were restor'd by Parliament to blood and land shortly after And withal it was enacted That no Peer of the Land or other that procur'd the death of the said Earl should be impeach'd therefore than Mortimer Earl of Marsh Sir Simon Beresford John Matravers Baious and John Devoroil had that honour successively and both dying without issue it was carry'd by their sister for her beauty call'd The fair maid of Kent to the family of the Holands Knights For 6 Sir Thomas Thomas Holand her husband was stil'd Earl of Kent 7 And she after marry'd by dispensation to the Black-Prince heir to him King Richard 2. and was succeeded in that honour by 8 Sir Thomas Thomas his son who dy'd in the 20. year of Richard 2. His two sons were successively Earls of this place Thomas who was created Duke of Surrey and presently after raising a rebellion against K. Henry 4. was beheaded 9 Leaving no child and after him Edmund who was Lord High Admiral of England and in the siege of †â—aâ—um Bâ—oâ—i Tho. Walsingham S. Brieu in Little Britain dy'd of a wound in the year 1408 10 Leaving likewise no issue This dignity for want of issue-male in the family being extinct and the estate divided among sisters K. Edward 4. honour'd with the title of Earl of Kent first 11 Sir William William Nevill Lord of Fauconberg and after his death Edmund Grey Lord of Hastings Weisford and Ruthyn who was succeeded by his son George He by his first wife Anne Widevile had Richard Earl of Kent who after he had squander'd away his estate dy'd without issue 12 1523. But by his second wife Catharine daughter of William Herbert Earl of Pembrook he had Henry Grey Knight 13 Of Wrest whose grandchild Reginald by his son Henry was made Earl of Kent by Queen Elizabeth in the year 1572. He dying without issue was succeeded by his brother Henry a person endow'd with all the ornaments of true nobility This County hath 398 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to KENT THE History of this County having been already publish'd in three just Volumes by Mr. Lambard Mr. Philpot and Mr. Kilbourne beside what has been done by some others one would think that little more could be said upon the subject Mr. Camden too spent some of the latter part of his life in this County which gave him an opportunity of informing himself more particularly concerning it's Antiquities Yet some things there are which have escap'd the diligence both of him and the rest and mistakes have happen'd here as well as in other Counties a Our Author has observ'd that this County was given by Vortigern to Hengist on account of his daughter But the Saxon Chronicle which says nothing of that Rowena shews us that he rather got it by force of arms having worsted Vortigern in two pitch'd battles once at Aylesford and again at Crayford where he kill'd 4000 Britains and put the rest to flight And thus the Kingdom of Kent continu'd under a race of Kings descended from him till Baldred last King of Kent in our Author's account lost it to Egbert King of the West-Saxons He was the last of that race but Egbert's * Caron Sax. An. 830 Chron. Maâ—â—os p. 1. 2. leaving his son Aethelstan that kingdom shows that he was not the very last King of Kent b At the Norman-Conquest our Author tells us these Inhabitants made a Composition for their ancient privileges Which however oppos'd by †Somner Gâ—â—â—lkind l. 2 p. 63. Mr. Somner and others seems to have some remains in their present Constitution For how else come they to retain their custom of Gavelkind which once prevail'd all over Britain as it does still in some parts of Wales and why do the Heirs particularly in Kent succeed to the Inheritance tho' their Father suffer for felony or murder To come now to the Survey of the County it self we will begin in the north part and go along with Mr. Camden c The river Ravensbourn runs into the Thames near Greenwich upon which there yet remains a large fortification the area whereof is enclos'd with treble rampiers and ditches of a vast height and depth near two miles in circuit which must certainly be the work of many hands but of whose
defeated This occasion'd a general Insurrection in Scotland of both Earls and Barons against the King of England There was also at this time a Quarrel between the King of England and Roger Bigod Earl Marshal but this was soon made up S. Lewis a Frier minor Son of the King of Sicily and Archbishop of Cologn died this year This year also the son and heir of the King of Maliager i.e. of the Islands of Majorac instituted the Order of the Friers-minors at the direction of S. Lewis who bid him go and do it Item Leghlin in Ireland with other Towns were burnt by the Irish of Slemergi Item Calwagh O Hanlen and Yneg Mac-Mahon were slain in Urgale MCCXCVIII Pope Boniface IV. on the morrow of the Feast of S. Peter â—â—d S. Paul all things being then quiet made Peace between England â—â—d France upon certain Terms Item Edward King of England â—â—d an Army again into Scotland to conquer it There were slain 〈◊〉 this Expedition about the Feast of S. Mary Magdalen many â—â—ousands of the Scots at Fawkirk The Sun appear'd that day 〈◊〉 red as Blood in Ireland while the Battel at Fawkirk continu'd â—â—em about the same time the Lord King of England gave his Knights the Earldoms and Baronies of those Scots that were slain â—n Ireland Peace was concluded between the Earl of Ulster and the Lord John Fitz-Thomas about the Feast of Simon and Jude Also â—â—e morrow after the Feast of the seven Sleepers the Sun-beams â—ere chang'd into a bloodish colour all the morning to the great â—dmiration of every one Item This year died Thomas Fitz-â—aurice Knight and Sir Robert Bigod sometime Justiciary in the â—ench Item In the City Artha as also Reath in Italy during â—â—e stay of Pope Boniface there happen'd so great an Earthquake â—â—at Towers and Palaces fell down and the Pope and his Cardiâ—als fled out of the City with great consternation Item on the Feast of Epiphany there was an Earthquake in Engâ—â—nd from Canterbury to Hampton but not so violent MCCXCIX Theobald Lord Botilter the younger died in the Mannor of Turby on the second day before the Ides of May His Corps were convey'd towards Weydeney i. e Weney in the County of Limerick on the 6th day before the Calends of June Item Edward King of England married the Lady Margaret Sister to the noble King of France in Trinity-church at Canterâ—ury about the Feast of the Holy Trinity Item the Sultan of Baâ—ylon with a great Army was defeated by Cassan King of Tarâ—â—ry MCCXCIX On the day after the Purification there was an inâ—â—â—ite number of Saracen-horse slain besides as many Foot Item There was this same year a Fight of Dogs at Genelon-castle in â—urgundy the number of the Dogs were 3000 and all kill'd but â—â—e Item This year many Irish came to the Castle of Roch â—efore the Annunciation to give some disturbance to the Lord Theâ—bald de Verdon MCCC The * Numisma Pollardorum Pollard-mony was prohibited in England and Ireland Item King Edward enter'd Scotland with an Army in Autumn but was stay'd by an order from Pope Boniface and to excuse himself sent certain Envoys to the Court of Rome Item Thomas son â—o the King of England was born at Brotherton by Margaret the King of France's Sister on the last day of May. Item Edward Earl of Cornwall dy'd this year without issue and was buried in â—he Abby of Hailes MCCCI. Edward King of England enter'd Scotland with an Army Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and Sir John Fitz-Thomas Peter Bermingham and many others set sail from Ireâ—and to assist him Item A great part of the City of Dublin was â—urnt down together with the Church of S. Warbutga on S. Caâ—â—mb's day at night Item Sir Jeffrey Genevil married the daughâ—er of Sir John Montefort and Sir John Mortimer married the daughter and heir of Sir Peter Genevil and the Lord Theobald Verdon married the daughter of the Lord Roger Mortimer The People of Leinster took up Arms in the Winter and burnt the Towns of Wyklo and Rathdon c. but they suffer'd for 't for the greater â—art of their Provisions at home was burnt up and their Cattel â—ole so that they had certainly famish'd if a sedition had not hapned among the English at that juncture Item A small company of the Brenies were defeated this year by the Tolans and 300 of those Robbers were cut off Item A great part of Mounster was wasted by Walter Power and many Farm-houses burnt MCCCII This year died the Lady Margaret Wife to Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland on the 3d day before the Ides of April And in the week following Maud Lacy the Wife of Sir Geffery Genevil died also Item Edmund Botiller recoverd the Mannour de S. Bosco Holywood forte with the Appurtenances thereunto belonging from Sir Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin by a Fine in the King's bench after the feast of S. Hilary Item the Flemings defeated the French in Flanders at Courtenay the Wednesday after the feast of S. Thomas In this Engagement were slain the Earl of Artois the Earl of Albemarle the Earl of Hue Ralph de Neel Constable of France Guy de Nevil Marshal of France the Earl of Hennaund's son Godfrey de Brabant and his son William de Fenles and his son James de S. Paul lost his hand and fourty Baronets were kill'd that day with Knights Squires c. without number The Tenths of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Ireland were exacted by Pope Boniface for three years as a Subsidy for the Church of Rome against the King of Arragon Item upon the day of the Circumcision Sir Hugh Lacy made an inroad upon Sir Hugh Vernail and drove off his Beasts This year Robert Brus Earl of Carrick married Elizabeth the daughter of Sir Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster Item Edward Botiller married the daughter of Sir John Fitz-Thomas The City of Bourdeaux with others thereabouts which Edward King of England had formerly lost by a sedition of the French were now restor'd upon S. Andrew's-eve by the means of the Lord John Hastings MCCCIII Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster and Sir Eustace Power invaded Scotland with a strong Army But after that the Earl himself had made 33 Knights in the Castle of Dublin he passed over into Scotland to assist the King of England Item Gerald the son and heir of Sir John fitz-Fitz-Thomas departed this life This year the King and Queen of France were excommunicated with all their Children by Pope Boniface who also confirm'd the privileges of the University of Paris Soon after the Pope was taken Prisoner and kept as it were in Prison three whole days Soon after the Pope dy'd The Countess of Ulster died likewise about this time Item Walran Wellesly and Sir Robert Percivall were slain this year on the 11th day before the Kalends of November MCCCIV A great part of Dublin was burnt down viz. the Bridge-street a good part of
North-Cadbury which our Author tells us came into the family of the Botereauxs by the marriage of Isabella daughter of John de Moels It continu'd in the said family till the death of William the late Lord Botereaux who dying 2 Ed. 4. without issue-male this Lordship with a very great inheritance descended to Margaret his daughter and sole heir marry'd to Robert Lord Hungerford from whom it descended to Mary Lady Hungerford their great Grand-daughter who was marry'd to Edward Lord Hastings and Hungerford father to George the first of that sirname Earl of Huntingdon in which family it continu'd to the reign of James 1. that Sir Francis Hastings younger son to Francis Earl of Huntingdon being possess'd of the same and having no children did alienate it e Ivel continuing it's course towards the sea joyns with the river Parret which a little more northward is encreas d by the Thone Near the head of this stands Orchard Orchard formerly the inheritance of the Portmans But now that family being extinct in the late Sir William Portman he has left it to his Cousin-german by the mother's side Mr. Henry Seymour who now enjoys it and has his residence there ee Upon the Parret stands Bridgwater Earls of Bâ—idgewater the Earl whereof Henry Daubeny dying without issue-male this title lay dead till the 15 of Jac. 1. when it was conferr'd upon John Egerton Baron of Ellesmere Viscount Brackley and son to the Lord Chancellor Egerton He was succeeded by his son John and this John by a son of the same name f From hence let us go along with Mr. Camden north-west to Glassenbury Glassenbury where amongst other curiosities he mentions the budding of a Hawthorn-tree on Christmas-day The tree has been cut down these many years yet there are some still growing in the County from branches of that as particularly one in the garden of William Stroud Esq possessor of the ground where the other stood another in the garden of the White-hart Inn in Glassenbury g Farther northward are Mendippe-hills Mendippe-hills famous for the lead-mines free for any English-man to work in except he has forfeited his right by stealing any of the oar or tools of the others And their law or custom in that case is very remarkable The Groviers for so the Miners are call'd as the pits they sink are call'd Groves living at some distance leave their tools and the oar they have got sometimes open upon the hill or at best shut up in a slight hutt Whoever amongst them steals any thing and is found guilty is thus punish'd He 's shut up in a hutt and then dry fearn furzes and such other combustible matter is put round it and fire set to it When 't is on fire the Criminal who has his hands and feet at liberty may with them if he can break down his hutt and making himself a passage out of it get free and be gone but must never come to work or have to do any more on the hill This they call Burning of the hill There is lead also dug on Broadwell-down Broad-well and other parts thereabouts lying between Wrinton and Backwell About the west-end of Mendippe-hills is found plenty of Lapis Calaminaris lying near the surface of the earth This calcin'd and mix'd with copper makes brass Here are also some veins of Magnesia or Mangonesse and of Yellow Oker h In those hills is Ochie-hole otherwise call'd Wockey-hole Wockie-hole which latter is certainly the right coming from Æ¿oc which does not imply any hollowness as †Notes upon Polyolb p. 53. Selden would have it for that is express'd by hole but signifies crooked or as he also observes creeky not but that Æ¿oc might come from the British Ogo so that Camden's conjecture may be pertinent enough The inhabitants have broach'd strange and extravagant fables concerning this cave passing by those as impertinent the place is in it self so remarkable as very well to deserve our notice From a very narrow entrance it opens into a large vault the roof whereof either for it's height or the thickness of the air they who go in cannot discover by the light of candles they carry with them After having clamber'd over several rough and unequal passages amongst the moist rocks you come at last to a stream of very clear cold water In several places of this Cave one may see that the droppings of water encrease the rock and turn into stone in some places hanging down like icicles i Amongst those hills is Chuton Chuton famous for the seat of William Bonvill who lies interr'd with his Lady in the Chancel at Chuton It is now the Mannour as well as title of the present Lord Waldgrave whose father by K. James 2. was created Baron Waldgrave of Chuton Towards the north is Chue Magna or Bishops-Chue Chue Magna or Bishops Chue where is dug up a red bolus call'd by the country-people Reding from thence distributed all over England for the marking of sheep and such other uses it is also often us'd by Apothecaries instead of Bolus Armenus A mile east from Chue-Magna on the south-side of the river Chue lies Stanton-Drew Stanton-drew * Aubr MS. where is to be seen a monument of stones like those of Stone-henge in Wiltshire but these being not altogether so big as the Stone-henge ones nor standing in so clear a plain the hedges and trees mix'd amongst them have made them less taken notice of Two miles south of Stanton Drew at Stowey Stowey on the side of the hill above the Church rises a large spring that is never dry The water coming from thence as it runs down through Stowey covers the things it meets in it's way with a stony crust This effect it has not in the very source nor within 20 yards where it rises the place where it works most is about forty or fifty yards from the rising at a fall higher than a man's head There it sheaths every thing with stony cases and makes the sides of the bank hard rock and from thence all along it's stream it covers sticks c. with a crust See a larger description of it in a letter from Mr. Lock inserted in Boyle's Hist of the Air pag. 140. k Returning southward over Mendippe hills we meet with Wells Wells where our Author tells us was a Bishop's seat till John de Villula in the time of King Hen. 1. removing it to Bath the Bishops were call'd Bishops of Bathe and Wells But it is observable that almost 200 years after John the Bishops were only call'd Bishops of Bathe and sometimes of Glaston but not of Wells So that our Author affirming afterwards when he comes to Bathe that this John did retinere Wellensis Episcopi nomen i.e. still keep the title of Bishop of Wells must needs be in a vulgar error For Bishop Godwin in his English Tract of the Bishops expresly says that he
Shirburn by Herman the eighth Bishop Wil. Malmesb of Bishops was at last as I have said before translated to Salisbury and carried with it all the reputation from this place because at Ramesbery there was neither a Chapter of the Clergy nor any thing for their maintenance On the other side the river more toward the East is 30 Not long since the seat of the Darels Littlecot Littlecot which is to be mention'd upon the account of John Popham Lord of it who being Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench discharges his Office with great applause as I have said before 31 And hereby runneth the limit between this shire and Berkshire Hitherto I have surveyed the County of Wilts which as it is in Domesday-book for I do not think it improper to be taken notice of paid the King 10 l. for an Hawk 20 s. for a Sumpter-horse one hundred shillings and five Ores for Hay I am wholly ignorant what sort of Money these Ores were Ore what only thus much I have noted out of the register of Burton-Abbey that 20 Ores p Of these Ores see Mr. Walker's Dissertation prefix'd to the Life of K. Alfred were worth 2 marks of silver Earls of Wiltshire The Earls of this Shire have been but few tho' of divers Families besides those of Salisbury which I have mention'd before For excepting Weolsthan before the Norman Conquest q There was also in the Saxon times one Ethelhelm that was Earl of this County sc about 886. it had none that I know of till Richard 2.'s time who preferred William le Scrope to that honour but this man's grandeur continu'd and fell with his Prince for when that King was dethron'd this Earl was beheaded Not many years after he was succeeded by James Butler Earl of Ormond who was raised to this dignity by King Henry 6. But when the House of Lancaster was in a declining condition he was attainted and King Edward 4. conferred this title on John Stafford younger son of Humphrey Duke of Buckingham to whom succeeded his son Edward who died without issue King Henry 8. afterward dignified with this honour Henry Stafford descended from the Buckingham-family who not long enjoying his title dyed without issue At last it came to the family of the Bollens by the favour of the same King who made Thomas Bollen Viscount Rochford descended from an Heiress of Th. Butler Earl of Ormond Earl of Wiltshire whose daughter Ann the King married which match was unfortunate to her self her Brother and her Parents but lucky for England because she it was that gave birth to that excellent Princess Queen Elizabeth Queen Eâ—â—zabeth who doth merit eternal honour for her excellent management of the Kingdom and is highly to be admired for many great virtues much above her sex But when this Thomas Bollen died without issue male of grief occasion'd by the unhappy fate of his Children this title lay dormant until King Edward 6. qualified therewith William Powlet Lord S. John of Basing See Biâ— in Hâ—â—shire whom afterwards he raised to be Marquess of Winchester and Lord High Treasurer of England in whose posterity it yet remaineth There are in this County 304 Parishes ADDITIONS to WILTSHIRE a WILTSHIRE in Saxon Wiltunscyre and by the Historians of succeeding ages melted by degrees into our Wiltshire call'd also Provincia Semerana and Severnia or Provincia Severorum is the largest mid-land County of any in England as may be easily observed by the * Appendix to the 2. Tome of â—he English â—torians ancient computation of it's Hides For we find that in Wiltysire as 't is there term'd were 4800 hides which is more by 2000 than any Shire mention'd by that Author The 39 miles in length and 29 in breadth which Spede assigns to it will be found too little both ways upon an accurate survey a Our Author observes among other advantages that this County is watered with the Isis which afterwards takes the name of Thamisis Thamisis not from a conjunction of Thame and Isis An error with which the world is so possess'd that 't will be a hard matter to make them part with it notwithstanding it plainly appears that this river was always call'd Thames or Tems before ever it came near Thame For instance in an ancient Charter granted to Abbot Aldhelm there is particular mention made of certain lands upon the east part of the river cujus vocabulum Temis juxta vadum qui appellatur Summerford and this ford is in Wiltshire The same thing appears from several other Charters granted to the Abby of Malmsbury as well as that of Enesham and from the old Deeds relating to Cricklade And perhaps it may safely be affirmed that in any Charter or authentick History it does not ever occur under the name of Isis which indeed is not so much as ever heard of but among scholars the common people all along from the head of it down to Oxford calling it by no other name but that of Thames So also the Saxon Temese from whence our Tems immediately comes is a plain evidence that that people never dreamt of any such conjunction But farther all our Historians that mention the Incursions of Aethelwold into Wiltshire A. D. 905. or of Canute A. D. 1016. tell us that they pass'd over the Thames at Cricklade For the original of the word it plainly seems to be British because one may observe several rivers in several parts of England of almost the same name with it as Tame in Staffordshire Teme in Herefordshire Tamar in Cornwall c. And the learned Mr. Llwyd affirms it to be the same with their Tâf which is the name of many rivers in Wales the Romans changing the pronunciation of the British f into m as the Latin word Demetia is in Welsh Dyfed b As for Wansditch Wansâ—â— the course whereof is trac'd in the Map it seems to be so far from having been drawn for a boundary between the West-Saxons and Mercians as our Author would have it that it was probably made long before the settlement of the Mercian Kingdom viz. by Cerdick the first King of the West-Saxons or by Kenric his son against the incursions of the Britains who even in K. Ceaulin's time as Malmsbury tells us made frequent inroads into this County from their garrisons at Bath Glocester and Cirencester And the same Historian informs us that Ceaulin was routed by the Britains not as other writers at Wodensburgh but at Wodenesdic which seems to intimate that it was made before that time and was then a boundary between the two people The rampire and graff of this Wansditch are very large the rampire on the south-side And besides this ditch there are several others of less note still visible upon the plains especially about Stone-henge and in the †Moâ— Angâ—â—â— Saxon-Charter of lands belonging to Wilton-Abbey there is mention made of no less than 13 distinct
to believe it For Dio tells us that Plautius and Vespasian when they were sent by the Emperor Claudius against the Britains divided their forces into three several parties for the greater convenience of landing for fear they should have been more easily repulsed if they had attempted a Descent all at one place And from Suetonius we learn that Vespasian in this expedition engaged the enemy 30 times and brought under the Roman yoke the Isle of Wight which lies opposite to this County and two other valiant People for which victories by land and his happy voyages at sea Valerius Flaccus thus complements Vespasian and makes him more prosperous than Julius Caesar O tu Pelagi cui major aperti Fama Caledonius postquam tua Carbasa vexit Oceanus Phrygios prius indignatus Iulos O you whose glorious reign Can boast new triumphs o're the conquer'd main Since your bold navy pass'd the British sea That scorn'd the Caesars and the Roman sway And Apollonius Collatius Novariensis writeth thus Ille quidem nuper felici Marte Britannos Fuderat The Britains he of late o'recame In prosp'rous war How in this war Titus rescu'd his father Vespasian from an imminent danger when closely besieg'd by the Britains and how a snake twisted round the General at that time without doing him any harm which he interpreted as an omen of being afterward Emperor learn from Dio and Forcatulus But falling to my design I shall begin with the west-side of this County and having first survey'd the sea-coasts and the rivers that there fall into the Ocean I shall then pass to the more inland parts Near the western bounds of this County runs the gentle stream of the Avon River Avena or Avona which as soon as it enters into Hamshire meets with the ford of Cerdick call'd formerly Cerdicks-ford Cerdicks-ford b Cerdicesford in the Saxon Annals afterwards Cerdeford and now by contraction Chardford from Cerdick a valiant Saxon. For in this place the famous Cerdick engaging the Britains gave them so signal a defeat that he not only enlarged the limits of his own government but left it easie for posterity to maintain his conquests When before this in the year of our Lord 508. in a very sharp engagement Natanleod or Nazaleod he had conquer'd Natanleod a potent King of the Britains with great numbers of that People who is by others call'd Nazaleod and from his name a small tract of land reaching up to this place was call'd Natanleod as we read in the Saxon Annals in the search after which place I have been very curious but cannot yet find the least footsteps of that name b Nor indeed can I imagine who that Natanleod was Whether Natanleod and Aurelius Ambrosius was the same person Yet 't is most certain that at the same time Aurelius Ambrosius in these parts had many conflicts with the Saxon forces and with various success and yet this great man is never mention'd in those Annals of our Saxon Ancestors who as I observe have been forward enough in reciting those battles wherein they had themselves the advantage but mention none of those wherein they were losers betraying too great a partiality to their own cause Hence the river runs along by Regnewood or Ringwood Ringwood in Domesday book call'd Rincewed which was that Regnum Regnum a town of the Regni mention'd by Antoninus as we may believe both from the course of the Itinerary the remainder of the old name and the sense of the present For Ringwood by the Saxon addition seems to signifie The wood of the Regni That this was formerly a place of great eminence seems probable from the adjacent Hundred which derives it's name from thence but 't is now only famous for a good market The Avon running from hence takes in the river Stour which comes out of Dorsetshire and at the conflux of these two there stands a small populous market town now called Christchurch Christ-church from the Church so dedicated but heretofore from it's situation between two rivers Twinham Twinamburne upon the same account as the Interamna in Italy It was formerly strengthen'd with a Castle and adorned with an ancient Church of Prebendaries which being first built in the Saxon age was in the reign of William Rufus restored by Ralph Flammard Bishop of Durham who had been Dean of that Church and richly endow'd by Richard de Rivers Earl of Devonshire to whom King Henry 1. gave this place in fee and so continued in great repute to the time of Henry 8. and that fatal Fall of Monasteries Below this town the Stour and the Avon joyning in one chanel empty themselves into the sea at one mouth which Ptolemy call'd the mouth of the river Alaun The river Alaun and very rightly For I can scarce believe that Avon was the proper name of this river since that word is an appellative and the Britains call'd rivers in general by that name but I rather think it was of old called Alaun because there still remain some marks of that word in the villages upon it such as Allinton Allingham c. c On the east-side of this river William the Conquerour destroy'd all the towns villages and churches and turning out the poor inhabitants made a forest for wild beasts of more than thirty miles in circuit which the English in that age call'd Ytene we at this day New Forest New-Forest of which Walter Mapes who liv'd in the next age writes thus The Conqueror took away much land from God and men and converted it to the use of wild beasts and the sport of his dogs by which he demolish'd 36 Mother-Churches and drove away the poor inhabitants d This he did either to make a more easie access for his Normans into England for it lies opposite to Normandy in case there should be a new insurrection in this Island after his suppos'd Conquest of it or to indulge himself in hunting or to raise money by methods tho' never so unjust For he more merciful to beasts than to mankind appointed a most grievous pecuniary mulct and other more severe penalties to be inflicted on those who should trespass on his game But divine vengeance was not long wanting to this impious project of the King 's Example of Divine Vengeance for Richard his second son and William Rufus King of England another of his sons both lost their lives in this Forest the latter being casually c The place where William Rufus was kill'd is call'd says Leland Itinerar vol. 6. p. 100. Thorougham where there yet standeth a Chappel shot with an arrow by Walter Tirrel and the other poisoned by a pestilential blast And Henry his grandchild by Robert his eldest son while he was here eagerly pursuing his sport was caught by the head in the boughs and there ended his life to teach us that the crimes of parents are often punish'd upon their childrens children Of this Forest there are extant some Verses of John White Bishop of Winchester which though they falsly attribute the making of this Forest to William Rufus
VALE ANNO DOMINI M.D.XLIII ET ANNO REGNI HENRICI OCTAVI XXXVI When Leith a town of good account in Scotland and Edinburgh the principal city of that Nation were on fire Sir Richard Lea Knight saved me out of the flames and brought me into England In gratitude to him for this his kindness I who heretofore served only at the baptism of the Children of Kings do now most willingly offer the same service even to the meanest of the English Nation Lea the Conquerour hath so commanded Adieu A. D. 1543. in the 36th year of King Henry the 8th l But to return to our business As Antiquity hath consecrated this place to Religion so Mars seems to have made it a seat of war To pass by others when our Nation had now almost spent as it were its vital spirits in the Civil wars between the two Houses of York and Lancaster there were two battels fought within this very town by the heads of the two parties with various success In the first fight Richard Duke of York defeated the Lancastrian party took King Henry the sixth prisoner and slew a great many persons of the best quality But four years after the Lancastrians had the advantage under the conduct of Queen Margaret routed the Yorkists and recovered their King m About this town to omit a certain fort in the neighbourhood which the vulgar call the Oister-hills but I am apt to think was the Camp of Ostorius the Propraetor the Abbots erected several pious and charitable foundations as a little Nunnery at Sopwell and St. Julian's Hospital for Lepers and another named St. Mary â—f the â—â—dow de Pree for infirm women Near which they had a great Manour named Gorambery where 17 Sir Nicholas Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England hath erected a structure becoming his character Near to this place lyeth Redborne â—â—â—borne which in modern language signifieth a Red-water And yet the water that runneth by this place 18 From Mergrate sometime a Religious House now a Seaâ— of the Ferrers out of the House of Groby is no more red than that of the Red-Sea It was a place in old time very famous for the Reliques which were there found of Amphibalus the Martyr who was the person that first instructed St. Alban in the Christian Faith for which faith he also suffer'd under Dioclesian At present it is most remarkable for the old military high-way commonly calld Watlingstreet upon which it is seated and also for a certain brook near it call'd â—t is also â—d Weâ—r Wenmer which as the vulgar believe when ever it breaks out and swells higher than usual always portends dearth or troublesome times n Near unto this we have reason to look for Duro-co-brivae â—o-coâ—a a station of which Antoninus makes mention though indeed the distance would perswade us otherwise For Redborne in our language and Dur-coh in the British or Welch tongue signifie one and the same thing to wit Red water Now to search after the situation of ancient places we have no better guides than ancient Inscriptions the course of the great roads the reason and similitude of names and rivers or lakes adjoyning although they do not exactly correspond to the several distances that are assign'd in the Itinerarie which may very well be since corrupted and the passage from one place to another cut shorter Certainly the old Duro-co-brivae must needs have been seated in the same place where that Roman high-way crossed this water to wit below Flamsted For just at this place at seven miles distance from Verulamium though now through the negligence of transcribers the number is chang'd to twelve a good large spring riseth at the road-side and crosseth it with a small stream which though here it have no name yet below St. Albans it is call'd Col. â—ra what 〈◊〉 And as to that termination Briva which is an adjunct to the names of very many places it signified as I suppose among the ancient Britains and Gauls a Bridge or the passage over a River since we find it no where us'd but at rivers In this Island there were one or two Durobrivae that is unless I am much deceiv'd passages over the water In Gaul there was Briva Isariae now Pontoise where was the passage over the Isara or Ysore Briva Oderae over the Odera and Samarobriva for that is the right name over the river Soain Somewhat higher upon a small hill standeth Flamsted â—msted which in the time of Edward the Confessor Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans gave to three Knights Turnot Waldef and Turman upon condition that they should secure the neighbouring country from robberies But William the Conquerour took it from them and gave it Roger de Todeney or Tony an eminent Norman with the title of Barony But in time it was by a daughter transferr'd to the Beauchamps Earls of Warwick Hence I passed southwards to Hemsted â—â—â—â—ted a small Market-town call'd Hehan-hamsted when King Offa made a grant of it to the Monastery of St. Albans It is seated among hills by the side of a small river which a little lower runs into another that goes through Berkhamsted â—â—â—khamâ—â—â—â— In this place the Nobles of England had a meeting when by the perswasion of Fretheric then Abbot of St. Albans they were plotting to throw off the new Norman Government And thither came William the Conqueror in person as we read in the life of this Fretheric much concern'd for fear he should to his great disgrace lose that Kingdom which with so much blood he had purchas'd And after many debates in the presence of Lanfranc the Archbishop the King to settle a firm peace took an Oath upon all the Reliques of the Church of St. Alban and upon the holy Evangelists which the Abbot Fretheric administred That he would inviolably observe all the good approv'd and ancient Laws of the Kingdom which the most sacred and pious Kings of England his Predecessors and especially King Edward had established But most of these Noblemens estates he soon after seized and confiscated and bestowed this town upon Robert Earl of Moriton and Cornwal 19 His halfbrother who according to the common tradition built here a Castle with a rampart and a double ditch to it In which Castle Richard King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwal dy'd full of years and honours Upon default of issue of that Earl King Edward the third gave this town and castle to Edward his eldest son that most renown'd and warlike Prince whom he created Duke of Cornwal from whence even in our times it continues to be part of the possessions of the Dutchy of Cornwal This castle is now nothing else but ruin'd walls and one rude heap of stones above which upon a small hill Sir Edward Cary Kt. Master of the Jewels to the King descended from the house of the Carys in Devonshire 20 And the Beauforts
Willen where his estate lyes at Wells he has built a Library and is at this time repairing the Church of Lutton r In the Church and Chapel our Author numbers many other Kings Queens Persons buried in Westminster-Abbey and Princes that have been there bury'd before and since King Hen. 7. To the Catalogue whereof we must needs add King Edward the fifth and his Brother Richard Duke of York who were most barbarously smother'd to death with Pillows in the Tower of London Anno 1483. by order of their unnatural Uncle Richard Duke of Glocester Their bodies though ‖ Continueâ— of Harding's Chron. some have written they were put into a leaden Coffin and cast into the black deeps near the Thames mouth by Sir Robert Brackenburies Priest were found July 17. 1674. by some workmen who were employed to take up the steps leading into the Chapel of the white Tower which in all probability was the first and only place they were deposited in Thence their bones except some few of them sent to the Museum at Oxford * Catalogâ— MS. Musâ— Ashâ—â—lea oâ— Oxon. were commanded Anno 1678. by King Charles 2. to be translated thence and decently interr'd here under a curious Altar of black and white marble with the following Epitaph engraven on the Pedestal H. S. S. Reliquiae Edwardi 5. Regis Angliae Richardi Ducis Eboracensis Hos germanos fratres Turri Londinensi conclusos injectisque culcitris suffocatos abdite inhoneste tumulari jussit Patruus Richardus perfidus Regni praedo Ossa desideratorum diu multum quaesita post annos 190 c. Scalarum in ruderibus scalae istae ad sacellum Turris albae nuper ducebant alte defossa indiciis certissimis reperta 17 die Julii Anno Dom. 1674. Carolus secundus Rex clementissimus acerbam sortem miseratus inter avita monumenta Principibus infoelicissimis justa perselvit Anno Dom. 1678. Annoque Regni sui 30. That is Here under lye interr'd the Remains of Edward 5. King of England and of Richard Duke of York Which two Brothers their Uncle Richard who usurpt the Crown shut up in the Tower of London smother'd them with Pillows and order'd them to be dishonourably and secretly buried Whose long desired and much sought for bones after above an hundred and ninety years were found by most certain tokens deep interr'd under the rubbish of the stairs that led up into the Chapel of the white Tower on the 17th of July in the year of our Lord 1674. Charles the second a most merciful Prince having compassion upon their hard fortune performed the funeral rites of these unhappy Princes amongst the Tombs of their Ancestors Anno Dom. 1678. being the 30th of his reign To whom add King James the first Queen Ann Queen of Bohemia and others of their Children The Lady Elizabeth Princess of Orange King Charles the second and several of the Children of him and of King James the second Henry Duke of Glocester Lodowick Duke of Richmond and Lenox George Duke of Albemarle William Duke of Newcastle and George Duke of Buckingham Lionel Earl of Middlesex Edward Earl of Sandwich and James Earl of Ossory And amongst the Poets we must not forget the famous Ben. Johnson and the ingenious Mr. Cowley to whom I wish I could have added Mr. Butler who equal if not exceed the best of their Predecessors s Near to the Church stands Westminster-hall Westminster-hall first founded by William Rufus about the year of Christ 1097. wherein as * P. 44. Edit Wâ—â—s Matthew Paris tells us upon his return out of Normandy Anno 1099. he Most royally kept the Feast of Whitsuntide The length of it was 270 foot and 74 the breadth which when he heard some say was too great he answer'd That it was not big enough by one half and was but a Bed-chamber in comparison of what he intended to make The foundations as we are told were to be seen in the days of Matthew Paris stretching themselves from the river to the common high-way whence we may gather 't was intended to have pointed in length East and West and not North and South as it now does Charter-house t Next our Author proceeds to the Northern and Eastern Suburbs wherein amongst others he takes notice of the opulent house of Carthusian Monks founded about 1370. 45 Edw. 3. by Sir Walter de Many which after the dissolution being bestow'd upon Sir Thomas Audley Speaker of the House of Commons past from him with his sole daughter Margaret by marriage to Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk and so by descent to Thomas Earl of Suffolk Of him it was purchased since our Author's time under the name of Howard-house otherwise call'd the late dissolved Charter-house near Smithfield in Middlesex by Thomas Sutton of Camps-castle in the County of Cambridge for the sum of thirteen thousand pounds He erected it into an Hospital by the name of the Hospital of King James founded in Charter-house in the County of Middlesex at the humble petition and only cost and charges of Thomas Sutton Esq endowing it with divers Manours and other Lands to the value of 4493 l. 19 s. 10 d. for the maintenance of a Master or Governour a Preacher Physician Register Receiver c. 80 poor Brothers or Pensioners which are to be either Gentlemen by descent and in poverty Merchants decay'd by pyracy or shipwrack or superannuated Soldiers by sea or land and none of these to be under the age of 50 years at the time of their admission Except Soldiers maim'd in the wars and not in private quarrels which in regard of their misfortune are capable ten years sooner Beside 6 l. 6 s. 8 d. wages they are all allow'd meat drink lodging gowns and other cloaths And so are 40 poor Scholars who are only capable of admission between the years of 10 and 15 and not to continue in the School above 8 years at most Before the expiration whereof they are either transplanted to one of the Universities where since the increase of the Revenue which now amounts to 5500 l. per Annum there are no less than 29 always maintain'd with the allowance of 20 l. per Annum each to be paid quarterly for 8 years time or they are put forth to be Apprentices the House now giving no less than 40 l. with them The government is in the hands of the most honourable Grandees of the State and most reverend Prelates of the Church beside the King and Queen who put in both the Pensioners and Children in their courses only the King first puts in two the Queen one and then the 16 Governours one each in their respective turns as the places become vacant * S. Hern's Domus Carthusiana u In the more Eastern Suburbs where he tells us many Roman Urns and other Antiquities were found we can only add Roman Antiquities that the place he mentions was Spittle-fields They were dugg up in
Besides another share as Mr. Camden observes pass'd to Brus. As for Chelmsford that indeed was a villa belonging to the Bishop of London when the Conqueror's Survey was made and so continu'd till Bishop Bonner alienated it to Henry 8. But it was of no great note till Bishop Maurice built the bridge there about the time of Henry 1. and his Successor William Bishop of London procur'd from King John Anno regni 1. a Market there and An. 2. a Fair. When it grew thus famous the road which is most considerable as to our business began to be through this town tho' till then it had all along laid through Writtle which we suppose to be the old Canonium Upon the river Froshwel or Pant which also runneth into this bay is Finchingfield Fâ—â—â—hingfâ—â—â—d held of Edw. 3. by John Compes by the service of turning the Spit at his Coronation g Going along with this river towards the Sea we find Maldon Maldon without all doubt the ancient Camalodunum tho' as our Author observes several men have sought it in other places It has been so largely treated upon by Authors that little more can be said Only as to the original of the name concerning which most of them seem to be at a loss a â—â—mmes 〈◊〉 late Writer has advanc'd a new one in favour of his own hypothesis that it comes from Camol which in the Phoenician signifies a Prince and Governour and the old dun a hill so that this may be call'd the King's-hill as Mons Capitolinus at Rome signifies Jupiter's-hill It s being Cunobâ—lin's Regia as our Author calls it or Palace seems to give some strength to the conjecture but then how it will suit with the old Altar-Inscription which mentions Camulus Deus and the coins which confirm it I very much doubt and these must be lookt upon as the best authority In a garden at Maldon was found a piece of gold almost as large as a Guinea It has on one side Nero and on the reverse Agrippina and is very exactly done h At six miles distance from Camalodunum the Itinerary mentions Ad Ansam Ad Aâ—sam which our Author thought to have been a Terminus to that famous Colony ‖ A later writer imagines Ad Ansam might be written instead of Ad Arcam which if true favours the conjecture of Mr. Camden because Arca was a monument also such as they set up in the borders of fields and observ'd for limits Hence we read in an old Glossary Arcae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. the utmost extent of possessions As for the position of it he imagines from the distances it could not be far from Coggeshal * Iâ—id and what has since hap'ned in those parts confirms his opinion By the road-side was discover'd an Hypogaeum or Grot with arched work wherein was a lamp in a glass vial cover'd with a Roman tile whose diameter was 14 inches There were also some urns and crocks wherein were ashes and bones Amongst the rest was one of a polite and most fine substance resembling rather Coâ—al than red Earth and had this Inscription upon the cover Coccillim perhaps for Coccilli M. that is Coccilli Manibus If this Coccillus was some Governour who under Antoninus Pius had the command of these places as †Funeral Mâ—â—â—â—men Weaver imagines 't is possible that the present name Coggeshall may have still some remains of that Notwithstanding which there is this objection lyes against our Author's conjecture From Dunmow the old Caesaromagus to Colonia or Colchester there is a direct Port-way runs through Coggeshal Now if that had been the old Ad Ansam 't is unaccountable how the Itinerary which often takes a wide circuit to hook in a town should in the 5th Iter pass by this that lays in its road What then if we should pitch upon Wittham The direct road from Combretonium or Bretton in Suffolk the next station before Ad Ansam Iter 9. lyes through it and it stands at an exact distance from Camalodunum Maldon which immediately follows Ad Ansam in the Itinerary viz. six miles Besides it does not want good evidences of its Antiquity for between the Church and the Street are still visible the remains of a large old Camp though much of the fortifications are digg'd down to make way for the plow and a road lyes through the midst of it What Matthew Westminster has observ'd of a Castle built there by Edward the Elder about the year 912. or 914. and how in the mean time he kept his Court at Maldon is a farther testimony of its Antiquity since as we observ'd before the Saxon Nobility made choice of the forsaken Camps of the Romans If these arguments be convincing that Ad Ansam was at Wittham and that the ruinous Camp there is the remains of it then 't is probable that the stately Manour-place here in Fauburn a mile distant from it was formerly the Villa or Country-house of some noble Roman And what renders the conjecture more plausible is a silver Coin of Domitian discover'd under the very foundation of an old wall built partly of Roman brick by the servants of Edward Bullock Esq Lord of the Manour who having had a liberal education in Trinity-College in Cambridge and marry'd first the daughter of Sir Mark Guien and secondly the daughter of Sir Josiah Child is a real ornament to this place i Not far from the river Coln near the head of it is Wetherfield Wetherfield which I find in an old Deed of Hugh Nevills to be written Weresfield This Hugh was with King Richard the first in his wars in the Holy Land where he slew a Lyon by an arrow-shot and by running him through with his sword which gave occasion to that old verse Viribus Hugonis vires periêre Leonis The Lion's strength couragious Hugh excels To the above-mention'd Deed which is short and plain according to the undesigning simplicity of those times is affixt his Seal wherein is exprest the manner of this Atchievement and about which is written Sigillum Hugonis Nevil It is now in the possession of Mr. John Nevil of Redgwell in this County who is a branch of that family descended from the Nevils of Raby-castle in the Bishoprick of Durham k Upon the river Coln nearer to the sea lyes Colchester Colchester the ancient Colonia Colonia from whence both the river and the town seem to have borrow'd their names For we know it was usual for the Saxons to make new names by adding their ceaster or burh c. to a part of the Roman though it is not to be doubted but the Earls Colne Wakes Colne c. mention'd by our Author and probably of much later being were so call'd immediately from the river as that from the Colony Why might not this be a Colony of the Londoners as London-derry of late years in Ireland especially since Tacitus has particularly observ'd that London
a petty Convent founded by the Bigrames A little way hence stands Awkenbury given by King John to David Earl of Huntingdon and by John Scot his son to Stephen Segrave Stephen Segrâ—â—e a person I 'm the more willing to mention because he was one of the Courtiers who have taught us * Nâ—â—â—am potenâ—â—am essâ—â—â—â—â—ntâ—m That no power is powerful With a great deal of pains he rais'd himself to a high post with as much trouble kept it and as suddenly lost it In his young days from a Clerk he was made Knight Matth. Pâ—â—â— and tho' he was but of a mean family yet in his latter days by his bold industry he so enrich'd and advanc'd himself that he was rank'd among the highest of the Nobility made Lord Chief Justice and manag'd almost all the Affairs of the Nation as he pleas'd At length he wholly lost all the King's favour and ended his days in a cloyster and he who out of pride must needs remove from ecclesiastical to secular Affairs was forc'd to reassume his ecclesiastical Office and shaven crown without so much as consulting his Bishop which he had formerly laid aside Not far off stands Leighton Leightâ—n where Sir Gervase Clifton Knight began a noble building h and just by lyes Spaldwick given to the Church of Lincoln by Henry 1. to make some amends for erecting Ely-Bishoprick out of Lincoln-Diocese The river Nen enters this Shire by Elton Elton f It is now the possession of John Proby Esquire the seat of the famous ancient family of the Sapcots where is a private Chapel of singular beauty with curious painted windows built by the Lady Elizabeth Dinham Baron Fitz-Warren's widow who marry'd into this family Higher upon the Nen nigh Walmsford Walmsford stood a little city of greater antiquity than all these call'd Caer Dorm and Dormeceaster by Henry of Huntingdon who says it was utterly ruin'd before his time Undoubtedly this is the Durobrivae Dâ—â—â—briâ—ae of Antonine that is the River-passage and now for the same reason call'd Dornford nigh Chesterton which besides the finding of old Coins has the apparent marks of a ruinous City For a Roman Port-way led directly from hence to Huntingdon and a little above Stilton Stiâ—ton formerly Stichilton it appears with a high bank and in an old Saxon Charter is call'd Erminstreat Ermiâ—gstreat Here it runs through the middle of a square fort defended on the north-side with walls on the rest with ramparts of Earth nigh which they 've lately digg'd up several stone Coffins or Sepulchres in g This Estate is now the joynt Inheritance of Sir John Hewet of Warsly in this County Baronet and John Dryden Esquire descended to them from the sisters of the last Sir Robert Bevile the ground of R. Bevill of an ancient family in this County Some think this city stood upon both banks of the river and others are of opinion Caster 〈◊〉 Nâ—r â—â—â—ptoâ—shâ— e that the little village Caster on the other side was part of it and truly this opinion is well back'd by an ancient history that says there was a place call'd Durmundcaster by Nene where Kinneburga founded a little Nunnery first call'd Kinneburge-caster and afterwards for shortness Caster This Kinneburga the most Christian daughter of the Pagan King Penda and Alfred King of the Northumber's wife chang'd her Soveraign Authority for Christ's service to use the words of an old writer and govern'd her own Nunnery as a mother to those sacred Virgins Which place about 1010 was level'd to the ground by the fury of the Danes A little before this river leaves the County it runs by an ancient House call'd Bottle bridge B â—â—â—â—-bridge for shortness instead of Botolph-bridge which the Draitons and Lovets brought from R. Gimels to the family of the Shirlies by hereditary succession Adjoyning to this lies Overton corruptly called Orton forfeited by Felony and redeem'd of K. John by Neale Lovetoft whose sister and coheir was married to Hubert or Robert de Brounford and their children took upon 'em the name of Lovetoft Earls of Hâ—ntingdon This County at the declining of the English-Saxons had Siward an Earl by office for then there were no hereditary Earls in England but the Governours of Provinces according to the custom of that age were call'd Earls with addition of the title of this or that Province they govern'd as this Siward the time he govern'd here was call'd Earl of Huntingdon but soon after when he govern'd Northumberland he was call'd Earl of Northumberland See â—he Eâ—â—ls â—f Noâ—thamptonshire He had a son call'd Waldeof who under the title of Earl had the government of this County by the favour of William the Conquerour whose niece Judith by his sister on the mother's side he had married This Waldeof's eldest daughter says William Gemeticensis was married to Simon ‖ â—â—vaneâ—â—erâ—◠〈◊〉 uâ—t câ—p â—6 de Senlys or St. Liz she brought him the Earldom of Huntingdon and had a son by him call'd Simon After her husband's decease she was married to David St. Maud the Queen of England's Brother who was afterwards King of Scotland by whom she had a son nam'd Henry Afterwards as Fortune and Princes Favours alter'd this Dignity was enjoy'd sometimes by the Scots and other times by the St. Lizes first Henry the son of David J â—n â—â—rdâ—â— in Scotâ—â—â—â—n co l. 3. â— 3. 6. 〈◊〉 3â— then Simon St. Lizes Simon the first 's son after him Malcolm King of Scotland Earl Henry's brother after his decease Simon St. Liz the third who dying without heirs was succeeded by William King of Scotland and Malcolm's Brother Thus says Ralph de Diceto in the year 1185. when he flourish'd When Simon Earl Simon 's son dy'd without children the King restor'd to William K. of Scotland the County of Huntingdon with all its appurtenances Then his brother David had it Matth. Par. and his son John Scot Earl of Chester who dy'd without heirs and when Alexander the second who marry'd King Henry the third's daughter had held this title a little while and the Wars broke in the Scots lost this honour besides a fair inheritance in England A good while after Edward the third created William Clinton Earl of Huntingdon Richard the second put Guiscard de Angolesme in his place and after his death John Holland He was succeeded by John 4 Who was stil'd Duke of Excester Earl of Huntingdon and Ivory Lord of Sparre Admiral of England and Ireland Lieutenant of Aquitain and Constable of the Tower of London and Henry his sons who were each of them also Dukes of Exeter See Dukes of Exeter pag. 32. Cap. 50. The same Henry Duke of Exeter that Philip Comines as he affirms saw begging bare-foot in the Low Countries whilst he kept firm to the House of Lancaster though he had married Edward the fourth 's own sister Next to him Thomas
had call'd in Lewis of France to take upon him the Government of England however he did not do it much damage Since that 't is incredible how much it hath sunk and decay'd under the weight of time and antiquity for of fifty Churches that were remembred in it by our grandfathers there are scarce now eighteen remaining t 'T is distant that I may also make that remark 53 degrees and 12 minutes from the Equator and 22 degrees and 52 minutes from the farthest point Westward As that Roman high-way leads us directly from Stanford to Lincoln High-dike so from hence it goes Northward in a high and streight but yet here and there discontinued Causey for about 10 miles as far as a little village call'd The Spittle in the street and somewhat farther When I was about three miles from Lincoln I also observ'd another military high-way calld Ouldstreet going very plainly out of this towards the West I suppose 't is that which led to Agelocum the next garrison to Lindum But I will follow the road I am upon The Witham being now past Lindum runs down near Wragbye a part of the Barony call'd Trusbutt Barons of Trusbutt which title was by the Barons of Roos convey'd to the Manours now Earls of Rutland After it passes by the old ruin'd walls of Beardena or Peartaneu commonly call'd Bardney Bardney heretofore a famous Monastery Oswald's Banner here King Oswald was interr'd and had a banner of gold and purple over his tomb as Bede writes The Historians of the foregoing ages did not account it enough to extol this most Christian Hero Oswald unless to his glorious exploits they added ridiculous miracles which I willingly omit But that his hand remain'd here uncorrupted for many hundred years our ancestors have believ'd and a very ancient Poet has thus told us Nullo verme perit nulla putredine tabet Dextra viri nullo constringi frigore nullo Dissolvi fervore potest sed semper eodem Immutata statu persistit mortua vivit Secure from worm and rottenness appears The wondrous hand nor cold nor heat it fears Nor e're dissolv'd with cold or parch'd with heat Lives after death and keeps it 's former state This Monastery as Petrus Blesensis writes Appendix to Ingulphus being sometime burnt down by the fury of the Danes and for many years together not inhabited Gilbert de Gaunt the noble and devout Earl of Lincoln rebuilt it and very bountifully annex'd to it the tithes of all his manours wheresoever in England besides many other possessions Afterwards Witham is encreas'd by the little river Ban which rising in the middle of Lindsey runs first by Hornecastle Horn-castle sometime belonging to Adeliza de Conde but laid even with the ground in King Stephen's reign after that it was a Barony of Gerard de Rodes but now as I have been inform'd of the Bishops of Carlisle u And then by Scrivelby a manour of the Dimocks Dimock Inq. 23 E. 3. who had this by descent from the Marmions by 14 Sir John J. Ludlow King's Champion Fines Mic. An. 1 H. 6. and hold it by service of grand Serjeanty I speak in the Lawyers terms viz. that whensoever any King of England is to be crown'd the Lord of this manour for the time being or some in his name if he should be unable shall come well arm'd for war upon a good war-horse in the presence of our Lord the King on the day of his Coronation and shall cause it to be proclaimed That if any one shall say that our said Lord the King has not a right to his Crown and Kingdom he will be ready and prepar'd to defend with his body the right of the King and Kingdom and the dignity of his Crown against him and all others whatsoever The Ban a little lower at Tatteshall Tatteshall a small town pretty commodiously situated in a marshy Country built for the most part of brick as is also its castle and noted for it's Barons runs into the Witham 'T is related that Eudo and Pinso Norman Noblemen having entred into a kind of mutual brotherly alliance had by the bounty of William 1. many possessions given them in these parts which they so divided that Tatteshall fell to Eudo who held it by Barony from whose posterity it came by Dryby and the Bernakes to 15 Sir Ralph Ralph de Cromwell Cromwell whose son of the same name was Lord Treasurer of England in Henry 6.'s reign and dyed without issue And Eresby Eresby which is not far off fell to Pinso from whose children the inheritance came by the Bekes to the Willoughbies Willoughbies who had very large inheritances by their wives not only from the Uffords Earls of Suffolk but also from the Lords de Welles Lords Welles who brought with them the great estate of the de Engains Lâ—rds Engain an ancient noble family and of great power in this County from the first coming in of the Normans The most eminent man of those Willoughbies was 16 Sir Robert Robert Willoughby in Henry 5.'s reign who for his great courage and bravery was made Earl of Vandosme in France From these by the mother's side descended Peregrine Berty Baron Willoughby of Eresby a man famous for his great soul and warlike gallantry x Witham being now near the sea receives out of the north another nameless little river Lib. Stanlow at the spring-head of which in a very low ground y lies Bollingbroke-Castle Bolling-broke built by William de Romara Earl of Leicester of a brittle sandy stone taken from Alice Lacy by Edward 2. for that she married against his consent 't is famous for the birth of Henry 4. who from it had the name of Henry de Bollingbroke in whose time it began to be counted one of the honorary manours call'd Honors z The Witham having receiv'd this river below Boston aa as we have said discharges it self into the sea From the mouth of Witham as far as Humber-frith the shore lies out with a great bent into the German Ocean chop'd every where so as to admit little arms of the sea It has but few towns by reason there are but few havens in it and many shelves of sand along the shore Yet some of them are remarkable particularly Wainfleet Wainfleet as being the birth-place of William Wainfleet Bishop of Winchester founder of Magdalen College in Oxford and a great patron of learning Next is Alford Alford memorable for its market for which it is beholden to Leon Lord Welles Barons Welles who obtain'd it this privilege of Henry 6. This family of the Welles was indeed very ancient and very honourable but the last of them married King Edward 4.'s daughter and was made Viscount Welles by Henry 7. He died without issue so that the inheritance came by females to the Willoughbies Dimoes De la launds Hois c.
Norman-writers Nichol and Mr. Thomas Twyne in his Breviary of Britain fol. 24. b. says he has observ'd the same many times in ancient Charters and Records of the Earls thereof written in the French-tongue And even as low as Edward the fourth's time William Caxton in his Chronicle entitl'd Fructus temporum pag. 141. and 295. calls it Nichol. I know none who remove the Roman Lindum from hence except Talbot who carries it to Lenton in Nottinghamshire which opinion we have consider'd in its proper place ‖ Itinerar p. 21. Leland tells us he heard say that the lower part of Lincoln-town was all marish and won by policy and inhabited for the commodity of the water è regione that this part of the town is call'd Wikerford and in it are 11 Parochial-Churches besides which he saw one in ruins The White-Fryers were on the west-side of the High-street in Wikerford * Pag. 22 That beyond old Lincoln much money is found in the North-fields What Mr. Camden has concerning the decay of this town wherein he says of 50 Churches are scarce left 18 he seems to have borrow'd from a hint of Leland's and if he had no other authority it seems to be deliver'd in terms too positive and general For Leland mentions it very tenderly and only says †Ibid. There goeth a common fame that there were once 52 Parish-Churches in Lincoln-city and the suburbs of it At a little distance from Lincoln is Nocton Nocton formerly a Religious-house where is a very magnificent seat lately built by Sir William Ellys Baronet At Wragby Wragby eight miles East of Lincoln the wife of one Charles Gays An. Dom. 1676. brought forth a male-child with two heads which liv'd some hours The mother of the child is still living and keeps an Inn in the town and the matter of fact can be attested by at least 100 people who saw it u Upon the little river Bane stands Horn-castle Horn-castle which evidently appears to have been a Camp or Station of the Romans as from the Castle which is Roman work so also from the Roman coins several whereof were found therein the time of Charles the first and some they meet with at this day tho' not so commonly in the field adjoyning The compass of the Castle was about 20 Acres which is yet plainly discernable by the foundation of the whole and some part of the wall still standing It is a Seigniory or Soke of 13 Lordships and was given by King Richard the second to the Bishop of Carlisle and his Successors for his habitation and maintenance when by the frequent incursions of the Scots he was driven from his castle of Rose in Cumberland and spoil'd of his revenues Three miles South-east from hence is Winceby Winceby where Octob. 5. 1643. was a battel fought between the King and Parliament the forces of the first commanded by Colonel Henderson and the Lord Widdrington those of the latter by Colonel Cromwell The fight scarce lasted an hour and the victory fell to the Parliament w At the meeting of the rivers Bane and Witham is Tatteshall Totteshall where in the front of the castle not long since were to be seen the Arms of the Cromwells the ancient Lords of it It afterwards came to be one of the seats of the Clintons Earls of Lincoln besides another at Sempringham which Mr. Camden mentions in this County x At a little distance from Bullingbrook is Eresby Eresby which gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Lindsey the third division of this County The first who enjoy'd this title oâ— Earl was Robert Lord Willoughby of Eresby creaâ—â—â— Nov. 22. in the second year of King Charles 1. He was son to that Peregrine Berty whom Catharine Baroness of Willoughby and Dutchess of Suffolk bore to Richard Berty while they made their escape into foreign parts in Queen Mary's persecution He was call d Peregrine eo quod in terra peregrina pro consolatione exilii sui piis parentibus à Domino donatus sit as the publick Register of Wesel in the Dutchy of Cleve where he was born expresses it At the request of the honourable Mr. Charles Berty Envoy extraordinary to the Electors and other Princes of Germany in his passage through that City the Burgomasters Aldermen and Counsellors took a copy of the evidences of his birth and Christening as they found it in their Register and presented it to him under the common seal of the City This Robert the first Earl Lord High Chamberlain of England was succeeded by his son and heir Mountague upon the restoration of Charles 2. made Knight of the Garter who dying in the year 1666. was succeeded by Robert his eldest son y A little above Bullingbroke stands Hareby Hareby eminent for the death of Queen Eleanor wife to King Edward 1. who being conveyed from thence to Westminster had a great many Crosses erected to her memory in several noted places This is the more observable because our Chronicles tell us she dy'd at a place call'd Hardby without giving us any hints where it stands z Hard by is Bollingbroke Bollingbroke whereof Oliver Lord St. John of Bletso was created Earl 22 Jac. 1. Dec. 28. and was succeeded by his grandchild Oliver St. John by Pawlet his second son Oliver Lord St. John the eldest being slain at Edge-hill fight At present the place gives the title of Earl to the right honourable Pawlet St. John aa More towards the sea lies Boston Boston where Mr. John Fox Author of the Acts and Monuments was born bb At Grimesby Grimesby were formerly three Religious-houses i.e. one Nunnery and two Monasteries and not far from the same coast between Salflet-haven and Louth is Salfletby memorable for its late Minister Mr. John Watson who was incumbent 74 years during which time as he himself reported it he buried the inhabitants three times over save three or four persons He had by one wife fourteen sons and three daughters the youngest now past the fiftieth year of his age In all this time he was a constant industrious Preacher except during his imprisonment for 40 weeks in Lincoln Gaol by Cromwell who put a Militia-Drummer in his place Since the present reign he was also suspended ab officio but considering his great age not à beneficio He dy'd in Aug. 1693. aged 102. cc Turning to the west towards the river Trent we meet with Osgodby Osgodby otherwise call'd Ostegobby and Osgoteby where Mr. Camden places the seat of St. Medardo and deduces it to the family of Ashcough But Mr. Dugdale has assur'd us that the whole is a manifest mistake that family belonging to another Osgodby in the same County about 30 miles south of this dd Directly towards Lincoln is Stow Stow. the Church whereof is a large building in the form of a cross and very ancient It was founded by Eadnoth a Bishop of Dorchester in Oxfordshire
tho' I have long consider'd it Antiquity has so obscur'd all memorials of them that there remain not the least footsteps whereby to trace them So that tho' Justus Lipsius that great Master of polite learning takes me for a competent judge of this controversie I must ingenuously profess my ignorance and that I would rather recommend this task to any one else than assume it to my self However if the Ceangi and Cangi may be allow'd to be the same and I don't know why they may not then 't is probable that they liv'd in this County For while I was reviewing this work I heard from some credible persons that there have been twenty pieces of Lead dug up on this shore of a square oblong form and thus inscribed in the hollow of the upper part IMP. DOMIT. AVG. GER DE CEANG. But in others IMP. VESP. VII T. IMP. V. COSS. Aâ— Câ— Which seems to have been a monument rais'd upon account of some victory over the Cangi And this opinion is confirm'd by the situation of the place upon the Irish Sea An 〈◊〉 for Tacitus in the twelfth Book of his Annals writes That in Nero's time Ostorius led an Army against the Cangi by which the fields were wasted and the spoil every where carried off the enemy not daring to engage but only at an advantage to attack our rear and even then they suffer'd for their attempt They were now advanc'd almost as far as that Sea towards Ireland when a mutiny among the Brigantes brought back the General again But from the former Inscription it seems they were not subdued before Domitian's time and consequently by Chronological computation it must be when Julius Agricola that excellent Souldier was Propraetor here Moreover Ptolemy places the Promontorium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 on this coast Neither dare I look in any other part beside this Country for the Garrison of the Conganii where Coâ—â—â— towards the decline of the Empire a Band of Vigiles with their Captain under the Dux Britanniae kept watch and ward But I leave every man to his own judgment As for the Earls of Chester Eaâ—â—s â— Cheâ—â—â— to omit the Saxons who held this Earldom barely as an office and not as an inheritance William the Conquerour made Hugh sirnam'd Lupus son to the Viscount de Auranches in Normandy the first hereditary Earl of Chester and Count Palatine giving unto him and his heirs this whole County h See Ordericus Vitalis's Ecclesiastical History l. 4. p. 509. where Chester is given to Reger of Montgomery to hold as freely by his sword as he did England by his crown these are the very words of the Feoffment Baron Chestâ—â— Hereupon the Earl presently substituted these following Barons Nigell now Niel Baron of Haulton whose posterity took the name Lacey from the estate of the Laceys which fell to them and were Earls of Lincoln Robert Baron de Mont-hault Seneschal or Steward of the County of Chester the last of which family dying without children made Isabel Queen of England and John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall his heirs William de Malbedenge Baron of Malbanc whose great grand-daughters transferred this inheritance by their marriages to the Vernons and Bassets Richard Vernon Baron of Sipbroke whose estate for want of heirs male came by the sisters to the Wilburhams Staffords and Littleburys Robert Fitz-Hugh Baron of Malpas who as I have observ'd already seems to have died without issue Hammon de Mascy whose estate descended to the Fittons de Bolin Gilbert Venables Baron of Kinderton whose Posterity remain and flourish in a direct line to this present age N. Baron of Stockport to whom the Warrens of Poynton descended from the noble family of the Earls of Warren and Surrey in right of marriage succeeded And these are all the Barons I could hitherto find belonging to the Earls of Chester Who as 't is set down in an old book had their free Courts for all Pleas and Suits except those belonging to the Earl's sword They were besides to be the Earl's Counsel to attend him and to frequent his Court for the honour and greater grandeur of it and as we find it in an old Parchment they were bound in times of war with the Welsh to find for every Knight's fee one Horse and Furniture or two without Furniture within the Divisions of Cheshire and that their Knights and Freeholders should have Corslets and 〈…〉 Haubergeons and defend their own Fees with their own Bodies 〈…〉 Hugh the first Earl of Chester already spoken of was succeeded by his son Richard who together with William only son of Henry the first with others of the Nobility was cast away between England and Normandy An. 1120. He dying without issue Ranulph de Meschines was the third in this dignity being sister's son to Hugh the first Earl He dying left a son Ranulph sirnam'd de Gernoniis the fourth Earl of Chester a stout Souldier who at the Siege of Lincoln took King Stephen prisoner His son Hugh sirnam'd Kevelioc was the fifth Earl who dy'd An. 1181. leaving his son Ranulph sirnam'd de Blundevill the sixth in that dignity who built Chartley and Beeston-castles founded the Abbey de-la-Cress and died without issue leaving four sisters to inherit Mawd the wife of David Earl of Huntingdon Mabil the wife of William de Albeney Earl of Arundel Agnes wife of William de Ferrars Earl of Derby and lastly Avis wife of Robert de Quincy The next Eâ—rl of this County was John sirnam'd Scotus the son of Earl David by the eldest sister Mawd aforesaid He dying likewise without issue King Henry the third bribed with the prospect of so fair an Inheritance annexed it to the Crown allowing the sisters of John other Revenues for their Fortunes not being willing as he was wont to say that such a vast estate should be parcelled among Distaffs The Kings themselves when this County devolved upon them J. Tillus maintain'd their ancient Palatine Prerogatives and held their Courts as the Kings of France did in the Counties of Champain that the Honour of the Palatinate might not be extinguished by difuse An Honour which afterwards was conferred upon the eldest sons of the Kings of England and first granted to Edward the son of Henry the third who being taken prisoner by the Barons parted with it as ransom for his Liberty to Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester who being cut off soon after it quickly returned to the Crown and Edward the second made his eldest son Earl of Chester and Flint and under these titles summon'd him when but a Child to Parliament Afterwards Richard the second by Act of Parliament raised this Earldom to a Principality and annexed to it the Castle of Leon with the Territories of Bromfield and Yale and likewise the Castle of Chirk with Chirkland and the Castle of Oswalds-street with the Hundred and eleven Towns appertaining to the said Castle with the Castles of
called Balineum as appears from this Inscription which was hence convey'd to Connington to the house of the most famous and learned Sir Robert Cotton Knight DAE .. FORTVNAE Instead of Deae Fortunae VIRIVS LVPVS LEG AVG PR PR BALINEVM VI IGNIS EXVST VM COH I. THR ACVM REST ITVIT CVRANTE VAL. FRON TONE PRAE F EQ ALAE VETTO Here I must correct an errour in those who from a false draught of this Inscription which has it Balingium corruptly for Balineum imagine the place to have been call'd Balingium whereas upon a close inspection it is plainly Balineum in the stone a word used for Balneum by the ancients as the learned know very well who are not ignorant that Baths were as much us'd by the Souldiers as any others both for the sake of health and cleanliness for daily in that age they were wont to wash before they eat and also that Baths both publick and private were built at such a lavish rate every where Seneca See Flintshire that any one thought himself poor and mean that had not the walls of his Bath adorn'd with great and costly * Orbibus Rosses In these men and women washed promiscuously together tho' that was often prohibited both by the Laws of the Emperours and Synodical Decrees In the decline of the Roman Empire a †Numerus Exploratorum Band of the Exploratores with their Praefect under the command of the * Dacis Britanniae Captain of Britain had their station here as is manifest from the Notitia where it is nam'd Lavatres Now seeing these Baths were also call'd Lavacra by the Latins perhaps some Critick or other will imagine that this place was call'd Lavatrae instead of Lavacra yet I should rather derive it from that little river running hard by which I hear is call'd Laver. This modern name Bowes seeing the old Town was burnt to the ground according to a tradition among the Inhabitants seems to me to be deriv'd from that accident For that which is burnt with fire is call'd by the Britains Boeth and so the Suburbs of Chester beyond the Dee call'd by the English Hanbridge is nam'd by the Welsh or Britains from its being burnt down in a Welsh in-road Treboth that is a little town burnt Here begins that mountainous and vast tract always expos'd to winds and rain which from its being rough and stony is call'd by the Inhabitants Stanemore Stanemore for it is quite throughout solitary but for one Inn in the middle of it for the entertainment of Travellers 5 Call'd the Spittle on Stane more Spittle on Stanemore and near this is the remainder of a Cross which we call Rere-cross Rere-cross and the Scots Rei-cross that is a Royal Cross Hector Boetius a Scotchman says this stone was set as a boundary between England and Scotland when William the first gave Cumberland to the Scots upon this condition that they should hold it of him by fealty and attempt nothing that might be to the prejudice of the Crown of England Somewhat lower just by the Roman Military way was a small Roman Fort of a square form which is now call'd Maiden-castle Maiden-castle From hence as I had it from the Borderers this Military Roman way went with many windings to Caer Vorran As the favour of Princes inclin'd there have been several Earls of Richmond Earls of Richmond and of different families of whom with as much accuracy and clearness as I can I will give this following account in their due order 6 The first Earls were out of the house of Little Britain in France whose descent is confusedly intricate amongst their own Writers for that there were two principal Earls at once one of Haulte Britain and another of Base Britain for many years and every one of their children had their part in Gavelkind and were stil'd Earls of Britain without distinction But of these the first Earl of Richmond according to our Writings and Records was Alane sirnam'd Feregaunt that is The Red son of Hoel Earl of Britain descended from Hawise great Aunt to William the Conquerour who gave this Country unto him by name of the Lands of Earl Eadwin in Yorkshire and withal bestowed his daughter upon him by whom he had no issue He built Richmond-castle as is before specified to defend himself from disinherited and out-law'd English men in those parts and dying left Britain to his son Conan le Grosse by a second wife But Alane the Black son of Eudo son of Geffrey Earl of Britain and Hawise aforesaid succeeded in Richmond and he having no child left it to Stephen his brother This Stephen begat Alane sirnam'd Le Sâ—vage his son and successour who assisted King Stephen against Maude the Empress in the battel at Lincoln and married Bertha one of the heirs of Conan le Gross Earl of Hault Britain by whom he had Conan le Perit Earl of both Britains by hereditary right as well as of Richmond He by the assistance of K. Henry the second of England dispossessed Eudo Vicount of Porhoet his father-in-law who usurp'd the title of Britain in right of the said Bertha his wife and ended his life leaving only one daughter Constance by Margaret sister to Malcolme King of the Scots Geffrey third son to King Henry the second of England was advanced by his father to the marriage of the said Constance whereby he was Earl of Britain and Richmond and begat of her Arthur who succeeded him and as the French write was made away by King John his Uncle Alan Rufus Earl of Britain in Armorica Alan Niger to whom William the Conquerour gave this shire Stephen Earl of Britain his brother Alan Earl of Britain About this time Overus de St. Martino is mention'd as Earl of Richmond the son of Stephen Conanus Earl of Britain his son who by the assistance of Henry the second King of England recover'd Britain from his Father-in-law the Sheriff of Porhoet possessed of it Geoffrey Plantagenet son of Henry the second King of England who first married Constantia only daughter of Conanus Arthur his son who is said to have been made away by King John Upon this account John was certainly impeach'd by the French as Duke of Normandy who pass'd Sentence upon him tho' he was absent unheard had made no confession and was not convict Normandâ— taken froâ— the King 〈◊〉 England so they adjudg'd him depriv'd of Normandy and his hereditary Lands in France Whereas he had publickly promis'd to stand to the judgment of Paris and answer to the death of Arthur who as his liege subject had taken an oath of Allegiance to him yet had broken the same raised a rebellion and was taken prisoner in the war In these times the question was bandied Whether the Peers of France could be Judges of a King anointed and by consequence their Superiour seeing every greater dignity as it
quotation out of S Paulinus's Epistles But he needed not to have sent us so far off for a Voucher if he had taken good notice of the Imagery on the East side of this stone as I doubt not Sir but you have done We have there fairly represented a person in a long Sacerdotal Habit dipping a Child into the water and a Dove the Emblem no doubt of the H. Ghost hovering over the Infant Now Sir I need not acquaint you that the Sacrament of Baptism was anciently administred by plunging into the water in the Western as well as Eastern parts of the Church and that the Gothic word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mar. 1.8 and Luc. 3.7 12. the German word cauffen the Danish Døbe and the Belgic doopen do as clearly make out that practice as the Greek word Βαπτίζω Nor that they may all seem to be deriv'd from δÏπτειν another word of the same Language and signification and are evidently akin to our English Dip Deep and Depth Indeed our Saxon Ancestors expressed the Action of Baptism by a word of a different import from the rest For in the fore-mention'd place of S. Mark 's Gospel their Translation has the Text thus ic eoÆ¿ fullige on Æ¿aetere he eoÆ¿ fullað on halgum gaste i.e. Ego vos aquis Baptizo ille vos Spiritu Sancto Baptizabit Where the word fullian or fulligean signifies only simply Lavare Whence the Latin word Fullo and our Fuller have their original But from hence to conclude that the Saxons did not use dipping in the Sacrament of Baptism is somewhat too harsh an Argument 2. There are other Draughts on the North and West side of the Font which may very probably make for our purpose but with these as not thorowly understanding them and having not had an opportunity of getting them drawn in Paper I shall not trouble you at present 1. Who this Ekard was And this is indeed a Question of that difficulty that I confess I am not able exactly to answer it The proper name it self is ordinary enough in the Northern Histories though variously written as Echardus Echinardus Eginardus Ecardus and Eckhardus 'T is certainly a name of Valour as all others of the like termination such as Bernhard Everhard Gothard Reinhard c. So that it may well become a General or other great Officer in the Danish Army and such we have just reason to believe him to have been who is here drawn into an example for the rest of his Countrymen Our Historians are not very particular in their accounts of the several Incursions and Victories of the Danes and their own writers much more imperfect and therefore in cases of this nature we must content our selves with probable conjectures 2. Han men egrocten which render'd verbatim is Have men turn'd i.e. was turn'd A phrase to this day very familiar in most dialects of the ancient Celtic tongue though lost in our English In the High Dutch 't is especially obvious as Man Saget Man hat gesagt Man lobet c. and the French impersonals On dit On fait c. are of the same strain and evident Arguments that the Teutonick and Gaulish Tongues were anciently near akin The Characters and are manifest Abbreviations of several Letters into one of which sort we have great variety of examples in several of Wormius's Books And such I take the Letter à to be instead of and þ and not the Saxon Ã. I must believe to be borrowed from the Saxons and Èœ I take to be a corruption of their Ç· or W. The rest has little of difficulty in it Only the Language of the whole seems a mixture of the Danish and Saxon Tongues but that can be no other than the natural effect of the two Nations being jumbled together in this part of the World Our Borderers to this day speak a leash of Languages British Saxon and Danish in one and 't is hard to determine which of those three Nations has the greatest share in the Motly Breed Sir your c. W. N. h More Northward upon the Western-shore is Bulness Bulness where are frequently found Roman Coins and Inscriptions and not long since was dug up a small brazen figure of a Mercury or a Victory It is in the custody of John Aglionby Esq a curious preserver of all such valuable remains of Antiquity i At the very place where the brave and valiant King Edward the first expir'd the memory whereof had been preserv'd by some great stones roll'd upon it is erected a very fair square Pillar nine yards and a half in height On the West-side of it is this Inscription in large Roman Letters Memoriae aeternae Edvardi 1. Regis Angliae longè clarissimi qui in Belli apparatu contra Scotos occupatus hic in Castris obiit 7. Julij A.D. 1307. On the South-side Nobilissimus Princeps Henricus Howard Dux Norfolciae Comes Mareshall Angliae Comes Arund c ..... ab Edvardo 1. Rege Angliae oriundus P. 1685. On the North-side Johannes Aglionby J. C. F. C. i.e. Jurisconsultus fieri fecit Beneath Tho. Langstone fecit 1685. k Near Dacre stands Dalemayn Dalemayn the Mansion-house of Edward Hassel Esq holden of the Barony of Graystock in Cornage l In the Church-yard at Penrith Penrith on the North-side of the Church are erected two large Pillars of about four yards in height each and about five yards distant one from the other 'T is said they were let in memory of one Sir Ewen Caesarius Knight in old time a famous warriour of great strength and stature who liv'd in these parts and kill'd wild Boars in the forest of Englewood which much infested the Country He was bury'd here they say and was of such a prodigious stature as to reach from one pillar to the other and they tell you that the rude figures of Bears which are done in stone and erected two on each side of his Grave between the Pillars are in memory of his great Exploits upon these Creatures On the North out-side of the Vestry in the wall in rude Characters there is this writing for a Memorandum to posterity Fuit pestis c. i.e. There was a plague in this County A. D. 1598. whereof dy'd at Kendal 2500. at Richmond 2200. at Penrith 2266. and at Carlisle 1196. Which passage is the more observable and worth our notice because not to be met withal in our Histories m Our Author seems to intimate that Henry 8. first of all peopled Plumpton-park Pluâ—pton-park whereas he only gave greater freedom and liberty to the Inhabitants by disforesting it for there were as many Parishes and Townships in it before his time as are since Hutton and Edenhall were Parishes in the time of Henry the first and given by him to the Cathedral at Carlisle and so was Wedderhall Warwick Lazonby Skelton Sowerby St. Maries St. Cuthbert's Carliol and Dalston all Parishes at or near the time of the
King of England who also bestow'd Clavering in Essex upon his son Whereupon at the command of King Edward the first they took the sirname of Clavering Clavering leaving the old fashion of framing sirnames out of the Christian name of their Father for so anciently according to the several names of their Fathers men were call'd Robert * The Son Fitz-Roger Roger Fitz-John c. Part of this Inheritance fell by Fine and Covenant to the Nevils afterwards Earl of Westmoreland and another share of it to a daughter call'd Eve married to Th. Ufford from whose Posterity it afterwards descended hereditarily upon the Fienes Barons of Dacre But from the younger sons branch'd out the Barons of Evers the Evers of Axholme the Claverings of Calaly in this County and others In the Neighbourhood is Morwic Morwick which may also boast of its Lords whose Male-issue was extinct about the year 1258. The Inheritance was convey'd by daughters to the Lumleys Seymours Bulmers and Roscells Then the shore receives the river Alaunus Alaunus which having not yet lost the name whereby 't was known to Ptolemy is still briefly call'd Alne Alne On its banks are Twifford or Double-Ford where a Synod was held under King Egfrid w and z This is still the seat of the same Family William Collingwood Esquire the chief of his name being its present proprietor Eslington the seat of the Collingwoods men of renown in the wars as also Alan-wick Alnewick call'd by the Saxons Ealn-Æ¿ic and now usually Anwick a Town famous for the victory obtain'd by the English wherein our brave Ancestors took William King of Scots and presented him a Prisoner to Henry the second 'T is defended with a goodly Castle which Malcolm the third King of Scotland had so straitned by siege that it was upon the very point of surrender when presently he was slain by a Souldier who stabb'd him with a Spear on the point whereof he pretended to deliver him the Keys of the Castle His son Edward rashly charging upon the Enemy to revenge his father's death was also mortally wounded and dy'd soon after This was formerly a Barony of the Vescies for Henry the second gave it to Eustachius Fitz-John Testa Naviâ—i father of William Vescie in Tenure of twelve Knights Services John Vescie returning from the Holy War first brought Carmelites Carmeâ—â—â—â— into England and built a Covent for them here at Holme a solitary place and not unlike to Mount Carmel in Syria x William the last of the Vescies Hist Dâ—nesm made Anthony Bec Bishop of Durham Trustee of this Castle and the Demesn-lands belonging to it for the use of his natural son the only Child he left behind him But the Bishop basely betraying his trust alienated the Inheritance felling it for ready money to William Percie since whose time it has always been in the possession of the Percies From hence the shore after a great many Indentures passes by y Dunstaburge Dunstaburg a Castle belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaster which some have a Polyd. Virg. lib. 4. p. 80. mistaken for Bebban which stands further North and instead of Bebbanburg is now call'd Bamborrow Bamborâ—â—â— Our Country-man Bede speaking of this Castle 's being besieg'd and burn'd by Penda the Mercian says it had this name from Queen z Bebba Bebba but Florilegus or Matthew of Westminster tells us 't was built by Ida the first King of Northumberland who first fenc'd it with a wooden Empailure and afterwards with a Wall Take Roger Hoveden's description of it Bebba says he is a very strong City not exceeding large as containing about two or three acres of ground It has one hollow entrance into it which is admirably rais'd by steps On the top of a hill stands a fair Church and on the Western point is a Well curiously adorn'd and of sweet and clean water At present it is rather reckon'd a Castle than a City tho' of that extent that it rivals some Cities Nor was it look'd upon as any thing more than a Castle when King William Rufus built the Tower of Male-veisin Tower 〈◊〉 Male-vâ— over against it the better to engage the Rebel Mowbray who lurk'd here and at last stole off and fled A great part of its beauty was afterwards lost in the Civil Wars when Bressie the stout Norman who fought for the House of Lancaster dealt unmercifully with it Since that time it has been in a continual struggle with old Age and the Winds which latter has through its large windows drifted up an incredible quantity of Sea-sand in its several Bulwarks Near this is Emildon sometime the Barony of John le Viscont Viscounâ— but Rametta the heir of the family sold it to Simon de Monfort Earl of Leicester aa In this Barony was born John Duns call'd Scotus Joh. Scotâ— Doctâ—r Sâ—tiles 〈◊〉 A.D. 1â—â—â— because descended from Scotish Parents who was educated in Merton-College in Oxford and became an admirable proficient in Logick and School-Divinity but so critically scrupulous that he darkned all religious Truths He wrote many things with that profound and wondrous subtlety tho' in an obscure and impolish'd stile that he won the name of Doctor Subtilis and had the new Sect of Scotists erected in his name bb He dy'd miserably Paulâ—◠〈◊〉 vius i◠〈◊〉 log Dâ—â—â— being taken with an Apoplectick fit and too hastily buried for dead For Nature having too late wrought through the Distemper he vainly mourn'd for assistance till at last beating his head against the Tomb-stone he dash'd out his brains and so expir'd Whereupon a certain Italian wrote thus of him Quaecunque humani fuerant jurisque Sacrati In dubium veniunt cuncta vocante Scoto Quid quod in dubium illius sit vita vocata Morte illum simili ludificante strophâ Quum non ante virum vitâ jugulârit ademptâ Quà m vivus tumulo conditus ille foret What sacred Writings or prophane can show All Truths were Scotus call'd in doubt by you Your Fate was doubtful too Death boasts to be The first that chous'd you with a Fallacy Who lest your subtle Arts your life should save Before she struck secur'd you in the grave That he was born here in England I affirm upon the authority of his own Manuscript Works in the Library of Merton-College in Oxford which conclude thus Explicit Lectura Subtilis c. Here ends the Lecture of John Duns call'd Doctor Subtilis in the University b 'T was an usual thing in those days for the Oxford-Scholars to spend some time at Paris but our English-men as seldom then as they do now reap'd any great advantage by their French Education Hist Antiq. Oxon. Lib. I. an Ann. 1282. of Paris who was born in a certain Hamlet of the Parish of Emildun call'd Dunston in the County of Northumberland belonging to the House of the Scholars of Merton-Hall in
from the Church as a Feudatory and Vicegerent and obliged his Successors to pay three hundred Marks to the Bishop of that See Yet the most eminent 1 Sir Thomas Hol. Thomas Moor who sacrificed his life to the Pope's Prerogative denies this to be true For he says the Romanists can shew no grant and that they have never demanded the said money nor the Kings of England acknowledged it However with submission to this great man the thing is really otherwise as most clearly appears from the Parliament-Rolls which are evidence incontestable For in a Parliament in Edward the third's Reign the Chancellor of England informs the House That the Pope intended to cite the King of England to a tryal at Rome as well for homage as for the tribute due and payable from England and Ireland and to which King John had bound both himself and his Successors and desired their opinion in it The Bishops required a day to consider of this matter apart as likewise did the Lords and Commons The next day they met again and unanimously voted and declared that forasmuch as neither King John nor any other King whatsoever could put the Kingdom under such a servitude but by the consent and agreement of a Parliament which was never had and farther that since whatsoever he had done in that kind was directly contrary to the Oath which he solemnly took before God at his Coronation if the Pope would insist upon it they were resolved to oppose him with their lives and fortunes to the very utmost of their power Such also as were learned in the law made the Charter of King John to be void and insignificant by that clause of reservation in the end saving to us and our heirs all our rights liberties and regalities But this is out of my road From King John's time the Kings of England were stiled Lords of Ireland till within the memory of our fathers Henry the eighth was declared King of Ireland by the States of that Realm assembled in Parliament the title of Lord seeming not so sacred and venerable to some seditious persons as that of King In the year 1555 when Queen Mary offered the subjection of the Kingdom of England by the hands of her Ambassadors to Pope Paul the fourth this name and title of Kingdom of Ireland was confirmed by the Pope in these word To the praise and glory of Almighty God and his most glorious mother the Virgin Mary to the honour of the whole Court of Heaven and the exaltation of the Catholick Faith We at the humble request of King Philip and Queen Mary made unto us by the advice of our brethren and by virtue of our full Apostolical authority do erect the Kingdom of Ireland and do for ever dignifie and exalt it with the title honours powers rights ensigns prerogatives preferments Royal praeeminencies and such like privileges as other Christian Realms have use and enjoy or may have use and enjoy hereafter Having accidentally found a Catalogue of those English Noble men who went in the first invasion of Ireland and with great valor subdued it to the Crown of England lest I should seem to envy them and their posterity the glory of this atchievment I will here give you them from the Chancery of Ireland for so 't is entitled The Names of such as came with Dermic Mac Morrog into Ireland Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke who by Eve the daughter of Morrog the Irish petty King aforesaid had an only daughter who brought to William Mareschall the title of Earl of Pembroke with a fair estate in Ireland and had issue five sons who in order succeeded one another all childless and as many daughters who enriched their husbands Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk Guarin Montchensey Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester William Ferrars Earl of Derby and William Breose with children honours and possessions Robert Fitz-Stephens Harvey de Mont Marish Maurice Prendergest Robert Barr. Meiler Meilerine Maurice Fitz-Girald Redmund nephew to Stephen William Ferrand Miles de Cogan Richard de Cogan Gualter de Ridensford Gualter sons of Maurice Girald Alexander sons of Maurice Girald William Notte Robert Fitz-Bernard Hugh de Lacy. William Fitz-Aldelm William Macarell Hunfrey Bohun Hugh de Gundevill Philip de Hasting Hugh Tirell David Walsh Robert Poer Osbert de Harloter William de Bendenge Adam de Gernez Philip de Breos Griffin Nephew of Stephen Ralph Fitz-Stephen Walter de Barry Philip Walsh Adam de Hereford To whom out of Giraldus Cambrensis may be added John de Curcy Hugh Contilon Redmond Cantimore Edmond Fitz-Hugh Miles of St. Davids and others The Government of the Kingdom of IRELAND SInce Ireland has been subject to the Crown of England the Kings of this Realm have ever sent their Vice-Roys to manage the publick affairs there who at first in their Letters Patents or Commissions Loâ—d Depâ—â—ies of â—â—â—â—and were stilled Keepers of Ireland after that Justices of Ireland or at pleasure Lieutenants and Deputies Their jurisdiction and authority is really large and Royal they make war and peace have power to fill all Magistracies and other Offices except some very few to pardon all crimes but those of high treason and to confer Knighthood c. These Letters Patents when any one enters upon this honourable office are publickly read and after the new Deputy has took a solemn oath of a certain set form for that purpose before the Chancellor the sword which is to be carried before him is delivered into his hands and he is seated in a Chair of state attended by the Chancellor of the Realm the Members of the Privy-Council the Peers and Nobles of the Kingdom the King at Arms a Serjeant at Arms and other Officers of State So that whether we consider his jurisdiction and authority or his train attendance and splendor there is certainly no Vice-roy in Christendom that comes nearer the grandeur and majesty of a King His Council are the Chancellor of the Realm the Treasurer and such others of the Earls Barons and Judges as are of the Privy-Council Orders or degrees iâ— Ireland For Ireland has the same orders and degrees of honour that England has Earls Barons Knights Esquires c. The Courts or Tribunals of IRELAND THE supream Court in Ireland is the Parliament which Parliament at the pleasure of the King of England is either called or dissolved by his Deputy â—as an 〈◊〉 12. and yet in Edward the second 's time it was enacted That Parliaments should be held in Ireland every year 2 Which seemeth yet not to have been effected Here are likewise observed foure Law-terms in the year as in England and five Courts of Justice held 〈◊〉 the a The Court was called The Court of Castle-chamber because it was usually kept in the Castle of Dublin but has never been held since the Court of Star-Chamber was supprest in England Star-Chamber the Chancery King's-Bench Common Pleas and the Exchequer Here are
vincula there was bread made of new wheat and wheat was sold in Dublin for 6 pence a peck Item D. Reimund Archedekin Kt. with many others of his family were kill'd in Leinster MCCCXXXVII On the eve of S. Kalixtus the Pope seven partridges leaving the fields God knows why came directly to Dublin where flying very swiftly over the Market-Place they settled on the â—op of a brew-house which belonged to the Canons of S. Trinity in Dublin Some of the Citizens came running to this sight wondring very much at so strange a thing the Town-boyes caught two of them alive a third they kill'd at which the rest being frightned-mounted in the air by a swift flight and escap'd into the opposite Fields Now what this should portend a thing unheard of before I shall leave to the judgment of the more skilful Item Sir John Charleton Knight and Baron came with his wife children and family Lord Chief Justice of Ireland at the feast of S. Kalixtus the Pope and some of his sons and family died Item The same day came into Dublin haven D. Thomas Charleton Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland with the Chief Justice his Brother Chancellor of Ireland and with them M. John Rees Treasurer of Ireland Mr. in the Decretals besides 200 Welshmen Item Whilst D. John Charleton was Lord Chief Justice and held a Parliament at Dublin Mr. David O Hirraghcy Archbishop of Armagh being called to the Parliament laid in his provisions in the Monastry of S. Mary near Dublin but the Archbishop and his Clerks would not let him keep house there because he would have had his Crosier carried before him Item The same year died David Archbishop of Armagh to whom succeeded an ingenious man M. Richard Fitz-Ralph Dean of Litchfield who was born in Dundalk Item James Botiller the first Earl of Ormond died the 6th of January and was buried at Balygaveran MCCCXXXVIII The Lord John Charleton at the instigation of his Brother the Bishop of Hereford was by the King turn'd out of his place upon which he came back with his whole family into England and the Bishop of Hereford was made Lord Keeper and Chief Justice of Ireland Item Sir Eustace Pover and Sir John Pover his Uncle were by the Justice's order brought up from Munster to Dublin where the third of February they were imprison'd in the Castle Item In some parts of Ireland they had so great a frost that the river Aven-liffie on which the City of Dublin stands was frozen hard enough for them to dance run or play at foot-ball upon and they made wood and turfe fires upon it to broil Herrings The Ice lasted a great while I shall say nothing of the great snow which fell during this frost since the greatness of the depth has made it so remarkable This Frost continued from the second of December till the 10th of February such a season as was never known in Ireland MCCCXXXIX All Ireland was up in Arms. The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond with the Geraldines who live about Kernige made a great slaughter of the Irish besides 1200 of them who were drown'd in the retreat Item The Lord Moris Fitz-Nicholas Lord of Kernige was by the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond apprehended and put in prison where he died for want of meat and drink for his allowance was but very little because he had rebell'd with the Irish against the King and the Earl Item A great number of the O Dympcies and other Irish were by the English and the vigorous pursuit of the Earl of Kildare kill'd and drowned in the Barrow Item the latter end of February Thomas Bishop of Hereford and Chief Justice of Ireland with the help of the English of that Country took from the Irish about Odrone such a great booty of all sorts of cattle as has not been seen in Leinster MCCCXL The Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland being commanded home by his Majesty return'd into England the 10th of April leaving Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmainan in his place who died the 13th of February Item The King of England made John Darcy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland for life MCCCXLI In May Sir John Moris came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as Deputy to John Darcy Item In the County of Leinster there happen'd such a strange prodigy as has not been heard of A person travelling along the road found a pair of gloves fit for his hands as he thought but when he put them on he he lost his speech immediately and could do nothing but bark like a dog nay from that moment the men and women throughout the whole County fell into the same condition and the children waughed up and down like whelps This plague continued with some 18 days with others a month and with some for two years and like a contagious distemper at last infected the neighbouring Counties and set them a barking too Item The King of England revok'd all those grants that either he or his Ancestors had made to any in Ireland whether of liberties lands or goods which occasion a general murmur and discontent insomuch that the whole Kingdom grew inclin'd to a revolt Item A Parliament was called by the King's Council to sit in October Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond absented Before this there never was seen so much rancor and division between the English of both Kingdoms at last without asking Counsel of the Lord Chief Justice or any other of the King's Ministers the Mayors of the King's Cities together with the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom resolv d among other things to hold another Parliament at Kilkenny in November in order to treat of such matters as concern'd the King and Kingdom Neither the Lord Chief Justice nor any other of the King's Ministers durst repair thither It was concluded in this Parliament by the Nobility and the Mayors aforesaid to dispatch away an ambassadour to the King of England to intercede for Relief and represent the unjust administration of the great Officers in Ireland and declare they could no longer endure their oppression They were particularly instructed in their complaints of the said Ministers to ask How a Land so full of wars and trouble could be govern'd by a Person that was wholly a Stranger to warlike Affairs Secondly How a Minister of the Kings could be imagin'd to grow so rich in a short time And thirdly What was the reason that the King of England was never the richer for Ireland MCCCXLII On the 11th of October and the 11th of the Moon two several Moons were seen by many about Dublin in the morning before day Theone was bright and according to its natural course in the West the other of the bigness of a round loaf stood in the East but not so bright as the former MCCCXLIII S. Thomas's-street in Dublin was accidentally burnt on S. Valentine the Martyr's-day Item The 13th of July D. Ralph Ufford with his Wife the Countess of
Ulster came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland upon whose coming the fair Weather suddenly turned foul and there was nothing but rainy and tempestuous Weather whilst he liv'd None of his Predecessors were comparable to him for he oppress'd the Irish and robbed both Clergy and Laity of their Goods neither did he spare the Poor more than the Rich under a colour of doing good he defrauded many He observed neither the Ecclesiastical nor Civil Laws He was injurious to the natural Irish and did Justice to few if any wholly distrusting all the Inhabitants except some few And being mis-led by his Wife's Counsel these things were his daily Attempts and Practices Item In March as he was going into Ulster through a Pass call'd Emerdullan he was there set upon by one Maccartan who robb'd him of his Mony Cloaths Goods Plate and Horses and kill'd some of his men But at last the chief Justice with the Ergalians got the Victory and made his way into Ulster MCCCXLV The seventh of June there was a Parliament held at Dublin where the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond was not present Item D. Ralph Ufford the Chief Justice of Ireland after S. John Baptist's day without the consent of the Irish Nobility set up the King's Standard against D. Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond and marched into Munster where he seized on the Earl's Estate and farmed it out to others for a certain yearly Rent to be paid the King Item Whilst he was in Munster he gave Sir William Burton two Writs who was to give one of them to D. Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare The Contents of which were That under the forfeiture of his whole Estate he forthwith repair unto him with a considerable force to assist the King and him The other was an Order to Sir William Burton to apprehend the Earl of Kildare and imprison him which he finding impracticable persuaded the Earl who was preparing himself with his Army and levying forces to assist the Chief Justice that he should first go to the King's Council at Dublin and act in concert with them that in his Absence his Land might be kept safe and if any harm should come it shou'd be through the default of the Kings Council and not in him Upon this the Earl not distrusting Sir William nor any Plot that was against him prepar'd to go for Dublin where when he came altogether ignorant of the Treachery as he was consulting with the K.'s Council in the Exchequer on a sudden Sir William arrested him and he was taken and carried to the Castle Item The Chief Justice marched with his Army to O-Comill in Munster and to Kering where by treachery he took two Castles of the Earl of Desmond viz. the Castle of Ynyskysty and the Island-castle in which were Sir Eustace Poer Sir William Graunt and Sir John Cottrell who were first drawn and then in October hang'd Item The Chief Justice banished the Earl of Desmond with some other of his Knights After that in November he return'd with his Forces out of Munster to see his Wife then big with Child at Kylmainan near Dublin Besides what he had done to the Laity in indicting imprisoning and in robbing them of their Goods he had also plagued the Ecclesiastical Men as well Priests as Clerks by Arrests and Imprisonment to the end he might fleece them Item He revoked the Grants and Demises of their Lands bestowing them upon other Tenants as also the Writings concerning those Grants notwithstanding they were signed by him and sealed with the King's Seal Item The Earl of Desmond's 26 Mainprisers as well Earls as Barons Knights and others viz. William Lord Burke Earl of Ulster James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond Sir Richard Tuit Sir Eustace Poer Sir Gerald de Rochfort Sir John Fitz Robert Poer Sir Robert Barry Sir Moris Fitz-Gerald Sir John Wellesly Sir Walter Lenfaunt Sir Roger de la Rokell Sir Henry Traharn Sir Roger Poer Sir John Lenfaunt Sir Roger Poer Sir Matthew Fitz-Henry Sir Richard Wallis Sir Edward Burk son to the Earl of Ulster David Barry William Fitz-Gerald Fulk Ash Robert Fitz-Moris Henry Barkley John Fitz-George Roch and Thomas de Lees de Burgh who notwithstanding some of them had been at great Expences in the War with the Chief Justice and in pursuing of the Earls of Desmond yet he depriv'd them of their Estates and disinherited them and sent them all to Prison during the King's pleasure except four viz. William Burg Earl of Ulster James Botiller Earl of Ormond c. MCCCXLVI On Palm-sunday which was on the 9th of April D. Ralph Ufford the Lord Chief Justice died whose death was very much lamented by his Wife and Family but the loyal Subjects of Ireland rejoyced at it and both the Clergy and Laity out of joy did on purpose celebrate a solemn Feast at Easter Upon his death the Floods ceased and the Air again grew wholesome and the common sort of People thanked God for it Being laid in a strong sheet of Lead his Countess very sorrowfully conveyed his bowels with his Treasure not worthy to be bestowed among such holy Relicks into England where he was Interr d. And at last on the second of May a Prodigy which without doubt was the effect of divine Providence this fine Lady who came so gloriously into Dublin with the King's Ensigns and a great number of Soldiers attending her through the Streets where she lived a short time like a Queen of Ireland went out privily at a back Gate in the Castle to avoid the Peoples Clamors for their just Debts and in her disgraceful return home was attended with the Symptoms of death sorrow and heaviness Item After the death of the said Chief Justice Robert Lord Darcy by the consent of the King's Ministers and others was chosen to supply the office of Chief Justice for the time being Item The Castles of Ley and Kylmehede were taken and burnt by the Irish in April Item John Lord Moris being made Chief Justice of Ireland arrived here the 15th of May. The Irish of Ulster gave a great defeat to the English of Urgale in June three hundred at least of them were cut off Item Moris Chief Justice of Ireland was turn'd out of that office by the King and Walter Lord Bermingham put in who came into Ireland with his commission in June sometime after the great slaughter but now mention'd Item The care and preservation of the peace was committed by the King for some time to Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond Having receiv'd this order on the eve of the exaltation of the holy Cross he embark'd immediately thereupon with his Wife and two Sons at Yoghil and arriv'd in England where he pressed hard in a suiâ— at law to have justice against Ralph Ufford the late Lord Chief Justice for the wrongs he had done him Item by the King's order the Earl was to be allow'd twenty shillings a day from the time of his first arrival during