The Mesenterium stretched abroad MM c. The Guts knit to the Mesenterium aaaa Certain Lacteal veins stretched from the Sweet-bread to the Liver whereof few and those the least of them are here expressed bbb c. Lacteal veins distributed from the Sweet-bread to the Guts and those bigger ccc c. The Meseraick branches of the Vena porta dd c. Branches of the Meseraick arteries FIG II. A The right Renal Glandula B The right Kidney C The left Glandula of the Reins D The left Kidney E The Vena Cava descending FF It s internal Iliack branches GG The external Iliack branches of the Vena Cava HHH The great artery with its external Iliack branches II The internal branches of the great artery KK c. Both Umbilicar arteries bent downwards L The bottom of the womb compressed M The neck of the womb N The bladder turned downwards O The Urachos P The node of the Navil cut off a The vein of the right Renal Glandula b The artery of the right Renal Glandula c The right emulgent artery d The right emulgent vein e The right spermatical vein f The right spermatical artery g The left artery of the Renal Glandula h The left vein of the Renal Glandula i The left emulgent vein k The left emulgent artery l The left spermatical vein m The left spermatical artery nn The Vessels preparing the Seed oo The testicles of a great magnitude pp The broad Ligaments of the womb qq c. The Tubae of the womb bowed down rr The round Ligaments of the womb cut off below ss Portions of the Vreters cut off FIG III. AA The Lungues diducted on both sides B The Heart whol C The trunk of the great artery coming from the Heart D A portion of the same artery passing downwards E The Vena Arteriosa stretched from the Heart aa The channel between the Vena Arteriosa and the great Artery b The beginning of the right subclavian artery c The beginning of the right Carotides d The beginning of the left Artery Carotides FIG IV. AA The Lungues diducted B The Heart cut towards the right Ventricle C The Vena Cava opened neer the Heart D Anastomosis between the Vena Cava and Arteria Venosa E The shutter in the Anastomosis FIG V. A The Corpus Thymium separated from the Vessels of the Heart CHAP. 9. Of the external parts of the Breast THe lower Ventricle and the parts in and about it being already spoken of the middle ventricle follows which is called Thorax in English the Breast which is round about circumscribed with the Pleura In which we will consider First the external parts then the vitals themselves To the external parts of the Breast belong the common coverings of the Body of which we have spoken already also the Pectoral Muscle the Serratus Anticus both greater and lesser and of Bones the Claviculae and Scapulae The Pectoral Muscle is so called because it is spread abroad the Breast and much encreaseth its bigness its original is from the middle Clavicula the Sternum the Cartilages of the sixt seventh and eight Ribs it hath a short yet strong Tendon inserted into the Bone of the Shoulder between the Muscles Deltois and Biceps and holds it stoutly to the Breast The Muscle called the greater Serratus anticus ariseth obliquely to the Basis of the Scapula from eight Ribs five of the true ones and three of the Bastard ones and draws it down forwards The lesser Serratus anticus lies hid under the Pectoral and proceeds from the second third fourth and fift Ribs and passeth to the process of the Scapula called Ancyrois or Beak-like which moves the Scapula obliquely forwards of the Clavicula and Scapula because they belong especially to the Shoulder shall be treated of in the seventeenth Chapter And yet properly to the Thorax belong the Breasts the Bones the Breast is composed of the intercostal Muscles the Pleura the Mediastinum and the Diaphragma The office of the Breasts in Women is to breed Milk if you consider them in Women that give suck they consist of very many small glandulous Bodies diverse in bigness that they may not only receive the Blood from the small Vessels but also the vapors and milky moisture which is largely distributed to them from the Stomach and Sweet-bread by instinct of Nature these small Bodies are contained together with a Membrane with diverse cavities which contain milk the foundation of which remain when the milk is gone they have much fat which serves not only to ad comliness to them but also to conserve vital heat in them They receive two veins one derived from the axilliar branch which is distributed by the external part of the Breast the other is called Mammaria and is distributed by the internal part from the subclavian branch of the Vena Cava they have also so many Arteries as veins arising from the same roots namely from the Subclavian branch of the great Arterie and the axilliar which are distributed in the same manner to give them vital heat they have Nerves from the fourth Branch of the Marrow of the Back In the middest of the Breasts are the Nepples round and rare endewed with a Membrane from the glandulous Bodies they have a thin skin full of holes and stick out that the Child may the better suck round about them is a red circle like a Halo The bigness of the Breasts is varied not only by years and their performing their office but also by the humors that flow thither and the diversity of the climate In the Women in Europe they are more contracted but in the Arabian and Indian Women they are so long that they can give their Children suck over their shoulders They are in number two that so the woman may give two children suck in temperament they are hot and moist and are placed in the middest of the Breast that so they may be the neerer to the Fountain of Vital Heat and the readier to give the Child suck as the Mother carries it in her arms Their proper action is the Generation of Milk although it be not yet very cleer by what waies it is done because in Carkasses the passages are hid as the passage of Chyle is in the Mesenterium and of Seed from the Testicles to the Parastatae and from the Prostatae to the Vrethra and other like passages in living Creatures and yet the Dissection of living Creatures that give suck gives some light to it For Bones The Breast is defended with the Sternum before on the sides with the Ribs and behind with the Vertebrae of the Back the substance of the Bones of the Sternum is spongy and red usually divided into three parts although in age it grow into one Fone the first and largest of them resembles the knob of a Cup the other two are joyned to them by Cartilages it hath a Cartilaginous apendix which by reason of its form is called
the Womb. X In the right side the Hypogastrick artery distributed in the Womb. X In the left side the Hypogastrick vein distributed in the Womb. Y The passage of the Womb. Z The Bladder depressed above the Privities aa A portion of the Ureters cut off about the Bladder bb A portion of the Vreters descending cut off about the reins cc The preparing Vessels dilated about the testicles dd The Vasa deferentia FIG III. AA The bottom of the Womb dissected cross BB The cavity of the bottom C The neck of the Womb. D The hole in the neck of the Womb of a Woman which hath brought forth EE The wrinkled face of the passage of the womb FF The round Ligaments of the Womb cut off underneath FIG IV. A The right testicle BB The right Tubae depressed C The left testicle bb The passages of the testicles of the womb DD The left Tubae of the Womb. E The bottom of the womb FF the round Ligaments of the womb cut off below G The Bladder inserted to the passage of the womb and stretched upwaâ—ds HH Portions of the Ureters II The two musculous parts of the Clytoris K The body it self of the Clytois FIG V. A The head of the Clytoris stiking out under the skin BB The external Lips of the Pivities drawn aside CC The Alae or Nymphae drawn aside D The Caruncle of the passage of Vme besides a EE The two fleshy prodixtions like Myrtle Leaves FF The Membranous containing of the chink FIG VI. A The Membrane drawn cross the Privities vulgarly taken for the Hymo FIG VII A The Privities of a yong Girl â—n which the signification is the same as in â—he fift figure CHAP. 8. Of the Fruit in the Womb. TO the Body of the Mother we adjoyn the contemplation of the fruit in the Womb because it is a part of it though temporary as not only the community of substance and nourishment but also the nexure of the Secundine and Umbilicar vessels to the Womb witnesseth this Fruit we consider as genuine and nourished by the Womb and as being fitting to breath the air it breaks out from that narrow inclosure The small Body of the Embrion is formed by the vital vertue of the Seed of the Man from which office it is called Plastica of which by the appointment of God himself by his infinite wisdom goodness and power he hath left not only obscure foot-steps but also cleer arguments to this the heat of the Seed and Nourishment from the Mother administers the Compendium that doth this great work is very small not exceeding the bigness of a great Emmet from which that is first formed without which life cannot be preserved to wit the Heart and from it the veins and arteries as from their Basis afterwards the Liver and then other parts which come first into use That the Heart is first formed before any other part your eyes will witness if you dilligently contemplate the framing of the Embrion in Eggs and although the Heart be very little and altogether white yet by reason of the blood contained in each Ventricle it hath a transparent redness to be distinguished from the other parts The motion of the Heart helps and confirms this for so soon as any blood is to be seen in the Veins of the Embrion the Heart being full of blood moves with a swift yet ordinary pulse so often as it is dilated it receives blood into its Ventricles so often as it is compressed it casts it out and this appears in the Heart whilst it is white though something increased Besides it must first be formed by reason of its singular plenty of heat which no other part of the Body is equally endewed with Lastly necessity requires its first formation that so by its motion the vital Spirit may be stirred up increased and distributed to the Body The matter of which the first forming sisteme of the Body is produced is the Seminal substance in the Body of the Mother which passing from the Tubae to the bottom of the womb to which the Seed of the Man ads heat and Spirit and to the increase and maintaining of it is the Blood of the Mother required this comes not at all to that first mixture from the Seed neither doth it make any Parenchyma but after an interval of time the Umbilicar vessels and Heart being framed it is drawn and takes its redness with the Muscles Of the parts procreated some lose their use others retain it so long as life lasteth such as lose their use are the Navil and its Vessels the the Membranes which compass the Child in the womb and the Placenta the use of these ceaseth so soon as the Child is brought forth to light The Navil is a Membranous ducture by which the Vein and Arteries arise from the child to the Mothers Womb both this and the Secundine wants Nerves because they have no use of sence It is of a famous length even in the very beginning of the Formation although the bigness of the Embrion at beginning be no bigger than a great Emmit or a small Bee but when the Fruit is ready for extramission the Navil-string is three spans long and as thick as ones finger both for the strength of the Vessels the perfecting of the blood by its long passage the commodious motion of the Child and the easier drawing out the Secundine it hath no distinct nodes yet is it wreathed and unequal for the easier bowing of the included vessels The rise of the Navil is from the middle of the Abdomen that the inclination of the Head and Breast of the Child might be the readier towards the mouth of the Womb at the biginning of the Embrion it swims in the Liquor of the Amnios but when it is more perfected it is bowed for the most part above the Breast and produced backwards by the hinder part of the Head to the Fore-head and joyned to the womb by Membranes and the contained Vessels The Vessels contained in the Navil are one vein and two arteries the vein is largest and takes its Original from the Foundation of the Vena porta within the Liver therefore it descends by the Arteries of the Liver to the Navil and being divided into very many branches above the Chorion it joyns its self to the Womb and carries Blood for the nourishment of the Infant The Umbilicar Arteries take their Original from the Iliack branches of the great Artery from which place being stretched upwards by the sides of the Vrachos they enter the Navil and are manifoldly distributed above the Corion with the Veins they carry vital Spirit and communicates it to the Child It is farre enough off from the truth that these vessels passe to the Child from the Mothers womb and the Membranes adjacent for in the young ones of Birds it is easie to be seen that Nature deduceth the Veins and Arteries from the Fruit it self inclosed in its Secundines and by degrees
divideth them into lesser branches It doth the like in vegetables whose roots come not from the Earth to the Plants but the Plants send them to the Earth for nourishment and this is abundantly proved in Bulbous roots that grow out of the Earth neither comes this opinion neer the truth that the Arteries umbilicar vein are framed before the Heart and Liver for neither Heart nor Liver is made of Blood but of Seed and the whole Systeme of the Body is made before any vessels passe from it for before the Bowels are formed there is no need of vessels as the Conception of living Crearures and the Seeds of Plants evidently demonstrates The Vrachus is added to the Umbilicar vessels being a Membranous Body round and porous within arising from the Basis of the Bladder and attenuated towards the Navil it delivers the Urine from the Bladder to the Amnios and yet this seems doubtful to these who behold the solidity of this vessel the smalness of its pore and the obscurity of its passage out by the Navil but so soon as the Infant is born whatsoever of the Navil string is left to the Body after it is cut off its former use ceasing is turned into a Ligament The Membranes which compass about the Child in the womb are two of which that which is next the Body of it is called Amnios being soft light and cleer gently joyned to the Chorion where the Placenta is from the very beginning of the Conception it contains a watry Liquor which defends the tender Limbs of the Embrion in the violent motions of the Mother and in the labour of the Mother the Membranes being broken it mollifies the passages and gives the easier extramission to the Child that this is gathered together between the Membranes Amnios and Chorios the connexion of the Tunicles and dilligent observation denies neither can there come any detriment to the Child from the sharpness of this humor seeing the Cuticula easily defends it The other Membrane they call Chorion and it compasseth the whole Child round on the outside of the Amnios and is the thicker of the two by odds it is smooth on the inside and is furnished with abundance of the Umbilicar Veins and Arteries In which place the Child encreasing the Liver or Placenta of the womb ariseth in Figure it is a soft and Spongy peice of flesh and hath many branches of the Umbilicar vessels both to cherish its heat and nourish its substance To these they add the Allantoes or Skin in which the Urine is kept although this appears in the Anatomy of Bruites rather than of Women To these Membranes Ancient Authors defend and prove mightily and as mightily disagree about certain vessels called Acetabula and Cotyledones which some say are some say are not joyned some hold them to be the mouths of the vessels swelled with Blood other pieces of flesh between the Chorion and the Womb which prop up the Umbilicar vessels and receive the Blood when it flows too fast to the Child which is conspicuous in the Wombs of Sheep and the like Creatures If we search out what answers to this in women you must look to Placenta before described which being hollow on that part next the Chorion convex on that part which is next the womb represents the same form only it is far bigger and by the softness of its substance and multitude of its vessels performs the same office These are the parts of the Child which are useless after Birth and are called the After-birth or Secundine The parts of the Body which continues still in office the Child being born are the same which are in the Ventricles the unlikeness of which the child in the womb to a mans of age is here to be spoken off the Ventricle of the Child in the womb though it be contracted yet is it never Empty but alwaies white and covered over with the Liver The Guts are seven times as long as the Body and the Gut called Caecum is filled with excrements the excrements of the small Guts are Flegmatick and yellow those in the great Guts solid and hard which the Ancients called Meconium The Liver appears great and stretched out even to the left Hypochondrium the substance of it before it grows red may be seen full of purple Veins and the Gall under it appears yellow and swelled The Sweet-bread is large and by its bright colour evidently shew the diduction of Chyle and yet it shews it more cleerly after the Child is born whilst it sucks The second Table of this Chapter presents you with its delineaments The Glandula of the Kidneyes are of a wonderful bigness and lye not in the Reins as they do in such as are grown up but lye upon them and embrace the superior part of them the reins themselves are great and have very many Glandulae the Ureters are wide and the Bladder full of Urine the bottom of the womb in young Wenches is compressed and the Tubae stretched out the Testicles great al which the Second Figure in the forementioned Table Specifies The Bowels of the Abdomen which are allotted for publique digestion do not want private digestion but manifestly operate for the common profit of the Infant for that the Stomach makes Chyle is manifest by the matter contained in it and by the various excrements in the foldings of the Guts Although the Sence of Man cannot yet perceive by what passages the substance to be converted into Chyle comes to the Stomach The fancies of the Ancients that the Child sucked in at its mouth being exploded for many difficulties yet is it agreeable to reason that as in Men the Liver and Spleen receive whatsoever is to be turned into Blood so whilst the Fruit is nourished in the womb the passage of the throat being denied the Stomach should draw that from the Liver and Spleen which it digesteth and turneth into Chyle that the Liver makes Blood in the Fruit is cleer by the separation of the Chollerick and watry excrement for although the Blood of the Mother by which the Embrion is nourished be pure yet is it unlike to the temperature of the Fruit and therefore stands in need of another separation and change About the Breast the Veins are very full of Blood but the most notable thing in the Heart is there is a large passage out of the Vena Cava into the Arteria Venosa or an anastomosis defended with a Membrane also a small channel out of the Vena Arteriosa into the great Artery so that the Blood may readily passe from the right ventricle of the heart into the left these passages as age comes Nature stops up by degrees unless some great obstructions of Flegm as somtimes happens stop up the vulgar passages the Heart it self is great and its ears and vessels large the Lungues seem Bloody neither have they as yet obtained their rariety because of their rest and yet their Birth being neer and the
place they move in growing loose the Lungues grow lighter and gently draw in some air and this is cleer because sometimes a sound is heard of the Fruit not only in Bruits but also in Women The Heart moves in the Embrion so soon as the Mothers Blood flows to it which it perfects within its Ventricles and endews it with vital Spirit that so it may preserve and stir up the faculties of other parts the parts of the Ears of the Heart is distinct in respect of time from other parts for they first of all compel the Blood into the Heart by compressing themselves then by dilating themselves draw Blood again As for the Head the neerer a Child is to Birth the heavier it is it is distinguished by certain great Bubbles which to the beholders gave opinion of the three Regions of the whole Body the balls of the Eyes are great and stick out the Brain is almost fluid and the Nerves very soft the Bones of the Skul like tender barks and if you except the fore-head distinguished by no Sutures The Crown is covered only with a thin Membrane till the Bones of the fore-head and hinder part of the Head are joyned the passages of hearing with the adjoyning Bones Os Cribrosum and the Horns of the Hyois are Cartilaginous And yet which is strange such Children as are brought forth in the ninth month the hardness and greatness of the Bones of the passage of hearing is almost equal to those in Men of perfect age and not these only but that also which is called the Tympanum the Membrane of which is comprehended with the ring-like Bone which gives the foundation of hearing also the Labyrinth and Cochlea are not less in bigness than by proportion of Figure to perfection whence it is cleer that a Child soonest obtains perfection of Hearing The Bone called Cuneiforme is divided into four parts the Bones of the fore-head and inferior Cheek are manifestly divided The teeth lies hid in the Jaws least the Child in stead of sucking should bite the roots of them are soft and mucous and hide the Fundamentals of the second Teeth The Vertebrae have no processes but consists of three distinct Bones of which the foremost which is the greatest is like a Lupine the two hinder are less and by their meeting make that hole for the Marrow of the Back The Sternum is divided into four parts and sometimes into more as also the Os Ischium Ilâ—um and Pubis The extremity of the Bones which make the Wrest and Ancles are Cartilaginous and obtain hardness strength and perfection by age Place here the first and second Tables of the eighth Chapter which hath the Number 8. and 9. at the corner of the brass Plates AN EXPLANATION OF THE FIRST TABLE OF THE EIGHT CHAPTER The Fruit in the Womb being often helped by Physical Remedies requires no less diligent observation than the Body it self of Man therefore we have given you the representation of it in two Tables according to the Method of Dissections The first of which laies open to your view the Umbilicar Vessels and the Sceleton The other the Deliniament of the Bowels FIG I. Shews the Child ready to be born as it lies in a fit posture for extramission AAAA The parts of the Abdomen dissected and distracted BBBB The body of the womb divided into four parts CCCC The Chorion and Amnios joyned together and dissected into four parts D The Child turning its head downwards which is the natural way of Birth FIG II. Shews the Child taken out of the Womb the Umbilicar Vessels and Membranes separated about the beginning A The Umbilicar vein distended from the liver BB The two Umbilicar Arteries rising to the Navil C The Urachus knit to the Navil DDD The Navil produced even to the Placentum EE The Amnios separated from the Chorion under which a portion of the Navil appears FF The Chorion divided into four parts GGG The Umbilicar veins and arteries distributed in the Placenta which are extended above the Chorion but very lucidly appear under it FIG III. Explains the Secundines in what part they cleave to the womb AA The convex part of the Placenta BBBB The Chorion under the Placenta FIG IV. Shews the Bones pertaining to the Head AA The bone of the Fore-head distinct from the Suture BB The two bones of the fore part of the head C The Crown as yet Membranous by reason of the distance of the Bones D The inferior cheek divided into two parts FIG V. Shews the ring-like bone of the Infant to which the Membrane of the Ear called Timpanum is knit  FIG VI. The bones of the Ears removed a little from their Natural Scituation A The Mallcus B The Incus C The Stapes D The little bone annexed to the Ligament of the Stapes first found out by D. Sylvius FIG VII Exactly represents the Labyrinth and Cochlea of the Ears perfect in all parts A The Oval hole in the Tympanum which looks toward the Labyrinth B The round hole in the Tympanum between the Labyrinth and the Cochlea CCC The three bony Cavities of the Labyrinth DD The Cochlea FIG VIII Shews the internal face of the Cochlea with the Labyrinth A The oval hole B The round hole CCC The three circles of the Labyrinth something opened DD The Cochlea broken shewing the little inward porous circle FIG IX The Vertebra of the Infant in three distinct parts A The first back part B The second back part C The third fore part FIG X. Shews the Vertebrae of the Neck the bones of the Breast as they are seen on the fore part A Denotes only the upper part of the Sternum the rest are under it FIG XI Shews the back and its Vertebrae wanting their Processes  FIG XII Shews the Vertebrae of the Loyns with the bones that make the Pelvis A The five Vertebrae of the Loyns whose Processes are yet cartilaginous B The Os Sacrum composed of six parts CC The bones called Ilium DD The bones of the Pubis EE The bones of the Coxendix FIG XIII Expresseth the bones of the whol hand abd The Appendices of the bones yet cartilaginous c The bones of the wrest all cartilaginous FIG XIV Represents the bones of the whol Foot abd The Appendices of the bones which are cartilaginous c Certain Cartilaginous bones of the Instep THE SECOND TABLE OF THE EIGHT CHAPTER UNFOLDED This Table comprehends all the Bowels which are found in the Abdomen and Breast of the Infant FIG I. Singularly expresseth the Lacteal Veins as they are represented at a single view AAA The hollow part of the Liver B The Gall. CC The umbilicar vein bowed upward DD The Stomach turned upwards E It s lower Orifice tyed with a string F A portion of the Jejunum cut off neer the Pylorus GGG The Pancreas of a famous bigness H The Spleen II The right Kidney covered with the common Membrane K The left Kidney in like manner covered LLL