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A31414 Apostolici, or, The history of the lives, acts, death, and martyrdoms of those who were contemporary with, or immediately succeeded the apostles as also the most eminent of the primitive fathers for the first three hundred years : to which is added, a chronology of the three first ages of the church / by William Cave ... Cave, William, 1637-1713. 1677 (1677) Wing C1590; ESTC R13780 422,305 406

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The Apologies written in his behalf Several things noted out of the Ancients to extenuate the charge His assertions not Dogmatical Not intended for public view Generally such as were not determined by the Church His Books corrupted and by whom His own complaints to that purpose The testimonies of Athanasius and Theotimus and Haymo in his vindication Great errours and mistakes acknowledged What things contributed to them His great kindness for the Platonic Principles S. Hierom 's moderate censure of him His repenting of his rash Propositions His Writings enumerated and what now extant I. ORIGEN called also Adamantius either from the unwearied temper of his mind and that strength of reason wherewith he compacted his Discourses or his firmness and constancy in Religion notwithstanding all the assaults made against it was born at Alexandria the known Metropolis of Egypt unless we will suppose that upon some particular Tumult or Persecution raised against the Christians in that City his Parents fled for refuge to the Mountainous parts thereabouts where his Mother was delivered of him and that thence he was called Origenes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Suid. in voc 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 330. T. 2. quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which most conceive to be the Etymology of his name one born in the Mountains But whether that be the proper derivation of the Word or the other the particular occasion of its imposition let the Reader determine as he please However I believe the Reader will think it a much more probable and reasonable conjecture then what one a Halloix not ad Orig. defens c. 1. p. 1. supposes that he was so called because born of holy Parents the Saints in Scripture being as he tells us sometimes metaphorically stiled Mountains The first and the last I dare say that ever made that conjecture A learned man b Voss de Idol l. 2. c. 10. p. 182. supposes him rather and thinks no doubt can be made of it so called from Orus an Egyptian word and with them the title of Apollo or the Sun from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 no question which signifies light or fire one of their principal Deities Hence Orus the name of one of the Egyptian Kings as it has been also of many others And thus as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 comes Diogenes one born of Jupiter so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is derived Origenes one descended of Or or Orus a Deity solemnly worshipped at Alexandria A conjecture that might have commanded its own entertainment did not one prejudice lie against it that we can hardly conceive so good a man and so severe a Christian as Origens Father would impose a name upon his Child for which he must be beholden to an Heathen Deity and whom he might see every day worshipped with the most sottish Idolatry that he should let him perpetually carry about that remembrance of Pagan Idolatry in his name which they so particularly and so solemnly renounced in their Baptism But to return II. HE was born about the year of our Lord CLXXXVI being seventeen c Euseb H. Eccl. l. 6. c. 2. p. 202. years of age at his Fathers death who suffered Ann. Chr. CCII. Severi X. His Father was Leonides whom Suidas d In voc 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 389. Tom. 2. and some others without any authority that I know of from the Ancients make a Bishop to be sure he was a good man and a Martyr for the Faith In his younger years he was brought up under the tutorage of his own e Euseb ibid. p. 202. Father who instructed him in all the grounds of humane literature and together with them took especial care to instill the principles of Religion seasoning his early age with the notices of divine things so that like another Timothy from a child he knew the holy Scriptures and was thoroughly exercised and instructed in them Nor was his Father more diligent to insinuate his instructions then the subject he managed was capable to receive them Part of his daily task was to learn and repeat some parts of the holy Scriptures which he readily discharged But not satisfied with the bare reading or recital of them he began to enquire more narrowly into the more profound sense of them often importuning his Father with questions what such or such a passage of Scripture meant The good man though seemingly reproving his busie forwardness and admonishing him to be content with the plain obvious sense and not to ask questions above his age did yet inwardly rejoice in his own mind and heartily bless God that he had made him the Father of such a child Much ado had the prudent man to keep the exuberance of his love and joy from running over before others but in private he gave it vent frequently going into the Chamber where the Youth lay asleep and reverently kissing his naked brest the treasury of an early piety and a divine spirit reflected upon himself how happy he was in so excellent a Son So great a comfort so invaluable a blessing is it to pious parents to see their children setting out betimes in the way of righteousness and sucking in Religion almost with their Mothers milk III. HAVING passed over his paternal education he was put to perfect his Studies under the Institution of Clemens Alexandrinus then Regent of the Catechist School at Alexandria where according to the acuteness of his parts and the greatness of his industry he made vast improvements in all sorts of learning From him he betook himself to Ammonius who had then newly set up a Platonic School at Alexandria and had reconciled a Hierocl l. 1. de provid Fat. ap Phot. Cod. CCXIV. col 549. Cod. CCLI col 1381. those inveterate feuds and differences that had been between the Schools of Plato and Aristotle and which had reigned among their Disciples till his time which he did says my Author 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 out of a divine transport for the truth of Philosophy despising the little opinions and wrangling contentions of peevish men and propounding a more free and generous kind of Philosophy to his Auditors Among whom was our Origen as Porphyry b Apud Euseb i●id c. 19. p. 220 vid. Theod. Serm. VI. de Provid p. 96. besides others witnesses who saw Origen when himself but a Youth This Ammonius was called Saccas from his carrying c Vid. Theod. loco citat sacks of Corn upon his back being a Porter by imployment before he betook himself to the Study of Philosophy one of the most learned and eloquent men of those times a great Philosopher and the chief of the Platonic Sect and which was above all a Christian born and brought up among them as d Loc. citat Porphyry himself is forced to confess though when he tells us that afterwards upon maturer consideration and his entering upon Philosophy he renounced Christianity and embraced Paganism and the Religion
a a Ibid. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 937. l. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 954. Famin hastned by those vast multitudes that had flocked to the Passover raged so horribly within the City that they took more care to prey upon one another and to plunder their Provisions then how to defend themselves against the common Enemy thousands were starved for want of Food who died so fast that they were not capable of performing to them the last Offices of Humanity but were forced to throw them upon common heaps nay were reduced to that extremity that some offered violence to all the Laws of Nature among which was b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ubi supr Mary the daughter of Eleazar who being undone by the Souldiers and no longer able to bear the force and rage of Hunger boiled her sucking child and eat him So plainly had our Lord foretold the daughters of Jerusalem that the days were coming in the which they should say blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bare and the paps which never gave suck VII TITVS went on with the Siege and finding that no methods either of kindness or cruelty would work upon this obstinate generation of men gave order that all things should be made ready for a storm Having gained the Tower of Antonia the Jews fled to the Temple which was hard by the c Ib. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. p. 956. Out-gates and Porches whereof were immediately set on fire the Jews like persons stupified and amazed never endeavouring to quench it Titus the sweetness of whose nature ever enclined him to pity and compassion was greatly desirous to have spared the People and saved the Temple But all in vain an obscure Souldier threw a Firebrand into the Chambers that were about the Temple which presently took fire and though the General ran and stormed and commanded to put it out yet so great was the clamour and confusion that his Orders could not be heard and when they were it was too late the conquering and triumphant Flames prevailing in spight of all opposition and making their way with so fierce a d Ibid. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 959. rage as if they threatned to burn up Mount Sion to the very roots So effectually did our Saviours Commination take place who told his Disciples when they admired the stately and magnificent buildings of the Temple Verily I say unto you there shall not be left here one stone upon another that shall not be thrown down And that nothing might be wanting to verifie our Lords praediction Turnus Rufus was commanded to plow up the very foundations of it How sad a sight must it needs be to behold all things hurled into a mixture of Bloud Smoke and Flames the Jews were slain like Sheep or Dogs and many to prevent the Enemies Sword voluntarily leapt into the Fire the a Ibid. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 968. number of them that perished in this Siege amounting to no less then eleven hundred thousand besides ninety seven thousand that were made Slaves the infinite multitudes that from all parts had flocked to the Feast of the Passover and were by the Roman Army crowded up within the City rendring the account not improbable VIII SUCH was the period of the Jewish Church and State thus fell Jerusalem by far the most eminent City not of Judaea onely but of the whole East as b Nat. Hist l. 5. c. 14 p. 8● Pliny himself confesses notwithstanding its antiquity wealth and strength after it had stood from the time of David MCLXXIX years And memorable it is that this fatal Siege began a little before the Passover about that very time when they had so barbarously treated and put to death the Son of God So exact a proportion does the Divine Justice sometimes observe in the retributions of its Vengeance A Fate not onely predicted by our Lord and his Apostles but lately presignified by immediate c J●s●ph ubi ●up l. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p 960. Prodigies and Signs from Heaven A blazing Comet in the fashion of a Sword hung directly over the City for a whole year together In the Feast of Unleavened Bread a little before the breaking out of the War at Nine of the Clock of the Night a light suddenly shined out between the Altar and the Temple as bright as if it had been Noon-day About the same time a Heifer as she was led to sacrifice brought forth a Lamb in the very midst of the Temple The East Gate of the inner part of the Temple all of massy Brass and which twenty men could hardly shut after it had been fast locked and barred was at night seen to open of its own accord Chariots and Armies were beheld in the Air all in their Martial Postures and preparing to surround the City At Pentecost when the Priests entered into the inner Temple they first perceived a noise and motion and immediately heard a voice that said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Let us depart hence And four years before ever the War began while all things were peaceable and secure one Jesus a plain Country Fellow pronounced many dreadful woes against the Temple the City and the People wherein he continued especially at festival times notwithstanding all the cruelties used towards him for seven years together when some made a shift to dispatch him by a violent death But alas an Angel it self cannot stop men that are riding Post towards their own destruction So little will warnings or threatnings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Joseph loc citat or miracles signifie with them whom Heaven hath once given up to an incurable infatuation IX BUT it 's high time to return and enquire in the midst of this sad and calamitous state of things what became of S. Simeon and the Christians of that place And of them we find that being timely warned by the caution which our Lord had given them that when they should see Jerusalem compassed with Armies and the abomination of desolation that is the Roman Army standing in the holy place they should then flee unto the Mountains betake themselves to some obscure place of refuge and having been lately commanded by a particular d Eusch l. 3. c. ● p. 75. Epiph. Haeres XXIX p. 58. Haere● XXX p. 59. de Po●d men● p. 537. revelation communicated to some pious and good men among them which says Epiphanius was done by the ministry of an Angel to leave Jerusalem and go to Pella they universally withdrew themselves and seasonably retreated thither as to a little Zoar from the flames of Sodom and so not one perished in the common mine This Pella was a little Town in Coelo-Syria beyond Jordan deriving its name probably from Pella a City of Macedonia as being founded and peopled by the Macedonians of Alexanders Army who sate down in Asia That its inhabitants were Gentiles it 's plain in that the