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A26578 The art of logick; or, The entire body of logick in English. Unfolding to the meanest capacity the way to dispute well, and to refute all fallacies whatsoever. The second edition, corrected and amended. By Zachary Coke of Grays-Inn, Gent. Ainsworth, Henry, 1571-1622?; Coke, Zachary, attributed name. 1657 (1657) Wing A804C; ESTC R209562 134,638 238

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or take away the mattered and so on the contrary is a contingent inference as In Germany is much wood therefore they have many ships 5 From a voluntary end to the means and from these to the end is a contingent inference as He studied hard therefore he means to have the degree of a Doctor c. The Canons of Subiect and Accident Whole and Part are four 1 From the common accident being put unto the subject is a contingent inference as from the accident removed to the removing of the subject as It is a black Bird therefore a Crow She loves the childe therefore she is the mother of it 2 From a common subject being put to the putting of a common accident and contrary is a contingent infference as She is a Mother therefore she loves the children He is a Cretian therefore a lyar 3 The whole being put it is probable this or that part is put as He is a man grown therefore he hath a Beard 4 Some integral part being put it is probable the whole is put and contrariwise as There is a foundation and walls therefore a house Places of outward terms have five Canons 1 The adherent being put it is probable that is put which it is wont to cleave to and contrary As he goeth brave therefore he is rich 2 The contingent object being put it is probable that is put about which it is busied and contrary as There are many sick therefore many Physitians 3 The circumstance of place or time being put it is probable that is put which is wont to be therein and contrary as It is eight of the clock in the morning therefore he is not drunk He was not seen about the house in the night therefore he is a thief 4 The antecedent being put it is probable the consequent is put and contrary as The Moon is pale therefore it will rain 5 The con●ingent consequent being put it is probable the antecedent was and contrary as It raineth therefore the Moon was pale Places of terms arising from the first Are either From Description From Comparison The place from description hath one Canon To whom the lesse principal description agreeth it is probable that the described agreeth or agreeth not thereto as It is not a Bush bigger then a Biamble with strong twigs and red Berries therefore it is not the Dogg-bryar The place from comparisons the place is either from Consentany a Comparison Dissentany b Comparison From consentany comparisons the place is either from Even Like The place from Even hath two Canons 1. Even things agree ro Even and what is given to the one is given to the other of even things and contrary as Rom. 5. By one man salvation may be restored to the world seeing by one man sin and death came on the world 2. Whereto one of the even things agreeth or not thereto it is probable the other also agreeth or not as Christ had power to heal the Palsie-sick therefore he had power to forgive sins Mat. 9. The place from Like hath three Canons 1 That which agreeth or not to one of the like things that also agreeth or not to the other as The rain returns not back to heaven but watereth the earth neither Gods Word returneth in vain 2. To whom one of the Similies agreeth or not the other also agreeth or not 3. A similitude or comparison allegericall if it should have any force in arguing it must needs have authority in the Scriptures and application Ministred by the Holy Ghost Of Proportionals there is the same Judgement and what is affirmed or denied of one by proportion that is also of another For as is the seed in the land so is the word to the heart but seed falling into good ground bears good fruit therefore doth Gods Word likewise in a good heart Neer to the place of Even and Like things is the pla●● from a singular thing and example whose Canon is one Of Even and Like things there is the same Judgement and that which agreeth or not to one singular of the same kinde doth so to the o●her as Abraham was justified by faith therefore also other men An example is either True Feigned True which hath indeed come to passe Feigned which is devised for the teaching of children And it is A Parable A Fable A Parable is a feigned example drawn from such actions of men as may or are wont to be done A Fable is a feigned example drawn from beasts and other such things whereunto humane actions do not agree From dissentany comparison the places are from Uneven Unlike Uneven either greater or lesser The place from the greater hath two Canons 1. If there be the greater there will also be the lesser and whereto the greater agreeth the lesse doth also as God hath given us life therefore he will give us food and rayment 2. That which in the same proportion agreeth not to the greater agreeth not also to the lesser as The Just is scarce saved therefore much lesse the wicked The place from the Lesser hath onely this one Canon If the lesser be not then the greater will not be as Of our selves we cannot think a good thought much lesse do a a good deed 2. The place from Unlike is either Simple Compound Simple Unlikes agree to Unlikes and whatsoever agreeth to one of the Unlikes as it is unlike agrees not to the other as Though beasts have all things common t is unfitting men should For compound unlikes they which are not proportionate to them proportionals do not agree as A good shepherd deals not with his flock like an hireling the hireling flies when the wolf comes therefore the good shepherd doth not so And thus much of places Artificial Inartificial is a place which argueth not of it self but by the assumed force of an artificial place and it is called the place of testimony Contingent testimony is that which cometh from man as he is man The Canons of humane Testimony are 13. 1 Though no humane testimony as such be of necessary truth yet admitteth it certain degrees and one is more strong or weak than the other 2 Proper or ones own testimony of things done or not done especially in the worser part if it be not wrung out of force is counted for firm 3 Publike testimonies of publike seals are firm 4 Testimony of publike and long-lasting fame is also to be esteemed for meanly firm 5 Old testimony is more worth than new 6 Grammatical testimonies to wit which treat of the use signification quantity of words syllables c. gathered out of the best Authors are firm 7 Testimonies Practick that is Ethick Politick Legal of honest filthy right wrong spoken of grave Authors are firm 8 Testimonies historical of approved Historians are firm 9 Testimonies Theoretical of some great and received Author alledged after reasons of a Theoretical conclusion have great force 10 Testimonie of many Wise men and Famous