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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35234	Historical remarques and observations of the ancient and present state of London and Westminster shewing the foundation, walls, gates, towers, bridges, churches, rivers ... : with an account of the most remarkable accidents as to wars, fires, plagues, and other occurrences which have happened therein for above nine hundred years past, till the year 1681 : illustrated with pictures of the most considerable matters curiously ingraven on copper plates, with the arms of the sixty six companies of London, and the time of their incorporating / by Richard Burton, author of The history of the wars of England.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1681 (1681)	Wing C7329; ESTC R22568	140,180	238

remarkable John Day a famous Printer dwelt in this Gate and built many Houses upon the City wall toward St. Anns Church You may read more of the new building this Gate in Aldersgate Ward In the sixth year of Edw. 6. Three was a Postern Gate made through the City VVall on the Northside of the late dissolved Cloister of Friars Minors commonly called Gray Friars Now Christ Church and Hospital this was done to make a Passage from Christ Church Hospital to St. Bartholomews Hospital in Smithfield and License was given to Sir Richard Dobbs Lord Mayor to do it by Virtue of an Act of Common Council Aug. 1. in the 6 of Edw. 6. The next Gate is on the Northwest and is called NEWGATE and is the fifth Principal Gate though built later than the rest being erected about the Reign of Hen. 1. or K. Stephen upon this occasion The Cathedral of St. Pauls being burnt down in the Reign of William the Conquerour 1086. Mauritius then Bishop of London did not repair the Old Church as some have thought but laid the Foundation of a new one which it was judged would hardly ever have been finished it was so wonderful for length bredth and height and likewise because it was raised upon Vaults or Arches after the Norman fashion and never known in England before After Mauritius Richard Beumore did very much advance the building of this Church purchasing the large Streets and Lanes round about which ground he incompassed with a strong Stone VVall and Gates By reason of this inclosure for so large a Church-yard the High-street from Aldgate in the East to Ludgate in the West was made so streight and narrow that the Carriage through the City was by Paternoster-Row down Ave-Mary Lane and so through Bouger Row now called Ludgatestreet to Ludgate or else by Cheapside through Watlingstreet and so through Carter-lane and up Creed-lane to Ludgate which Passage by reason of the often turning was very Inconvenient VVhereupon a New Gate was made to pass through Cheapside North of St. Pauls St. Nicholas Shambles and Newgate-street to Newgate and from thence westward to Holbourn Bridge or Turning without the Gate to Smithfield and Islington or Iseldon or to any place North or VVest This Gate hath for many years been a Prison for Felons Murderers Highwaymen and other Trespassers as appeareth by the Records of King John and others and among the rest in the 3. of Hen. 3. 1218. That King writ to the Sheriffs of London commanding them to repair the Goal of Newgate for the safe keeping of his Prisoners promising that the Charges thereof should be allowed them upon their Account in the Exchequer In the year 1241. The Jews of Norwich were hanged being accused for Circumcising a Christian Child their House called the Thor was pulled down and destroyed Aaron the Son of Abraham a Jew and other Jews in London were constrained to pay twenty thousand Marks at two Terms in the year or else to be kept perpetual Prisoners in Newgate at London and in other Prisons In 1255 King Henry 3. lodged in the Tower and upon some displeasure against the City of London for the escape of John Offrem a Clerk Convict Prisoner in Newgate for killing a Prior who was Cousin to the Queen He sent for the Lord Mayor who laid the fault on the Sheriffs to whose Custody the Prisoners are committed the Mayor was discharged but the Sheriffs were imprisoned above a month though they alledged the fault was in the Bishops Officers who though he was imprisoned in Newgate yet they were to see that he was kept safe But however the King required three thousand Marks of the City for a Fine In the third year of Edw. 3. 1326. Robert Baldock the Kings Chancellor was put into Newgate In 1237 Sir John Pouitney gave four Marks a year for releif of the Prisoners in Newgate In 1358 William Walworth gave likewise toward their relief and so have many others since In 1414 the Jaylors in Ludgate and Newgate died and 64 Prisoners In 1418 the Parson of Wertham in Kent was Imprisoned in Newgate In the first of Henry 6 1412. The Executors of Richard Whittington repaired Newgate And Thomas Knowles Grocer sometimes L. Mayor brought the wast water from the Cestern near St. Nicholas Chappel by St. Bartholomews Hospital to Newgate and Ludgate for the Accommodation of the Prisoners In 1431 all the Prisoners in Ludgate were conveyed to Newgate by the Sheriffs of London And soon after they fetcht from thence 18 Persons Freemen of the City who were led pinioned to the Counters like Felons by the false suggestion of the Jaylor of Newgate But Ludgate was a while after again appointed for Freemen who were Debtors and they were all carried back again thither In 1427. There was a great Skirmish in the North Countrey between Sir Thomas Percie Lord Egremond and the Earl of Salisburies Sons whereby many were wounded and slain but the Lord Egremond being taken was found to give the occasion and was thereupon condemned by the Kings Council to pay a considerable Sum of Money to the Earl of Salisbury and in the mean time was committed to Newgate and a while after both he and his Brother Sir Richard Percie brake out by night and went to the King The other Prisoners got upon the Leads over the Gate and defended it against the Sheriffs and all their Officers a great while till they were forced to call more Citizens to their Aid who at last subdued them and laid them in Irons Thus much of Newgate LUDGATE is the next in the VVest and the Sixth Principal Gate of this City and Historians say was built by King Lud near 66 years before our Saviours Nativity which shews its great Antiquity This being built for the VVest as Aldgate for the East In the year 1215. aforementioned being the 17th of King John when the Barons who were in Arms against the King entred this City and pull'd down the Jews Houses repairing the VValls and Gates of the City with the Stones thereof It appeareth that they then repaired or rather new built this Gate For in 1586 when this Gate was pulled down in order to its being repaired there was a stone found within the wall which seems to have been taken from one of the Jews Houses there being several Hebrew Characters ingraven thereon which being interpreted are thus in English This is the Station or Ward of Rabbi Moses the Son of the Honourable Rabbi Isaac This it is thought had been fixed upon one of the Jews Houses as a sign he lived there In 1260 Ludgate was repaired and beautified with the Images of Lud and other Kings but in the Reign of Edw. 6. these Images of the Kings had their Heads smitten off and were defaced by such as judged every Image to be an Idol In the Reign of Q. Mary they were repaired and new heads set upon their old Bodies which remained so till the 28 of Q. Elizabeth 1586.

demonstrate But when Marcus Asclepiodotus had slain him in Battel those French who remained alive after the Fight hastening to London would have plundred the City had not the River Thames who never fail'd to help the Londoners at need very happily brought the Roman Legions to their Assistance who put the Barbarians to the Sword all the City over About which time it is Recorded that Lucius Gallus was slain by a Brookside which ran almost through the City and of him was called by the Brittains Wantgall in English Walbrook which name remains to this day under which there is a Sewer within the ground to carry the Kennel water of the City into the Thames This is not far from London-stone which is thought to be a Milemark or Miliary such as were in the Market Places of Rome from which were taken dimensions of Journeys every way which seems the more probable because this Stone is near the midst of the City as it lyeth in length After this Julius Agricola the Roman Lieutenant perswaded the Brittains to build Houses for themselves and Temples for their Gods to bring up their Children in Learning and to Apparel themselves like Romans so that in a few years after our Saviours Nativity she became famous but especially for the multitude of Merchants Provision and Trade thereof as Cornelius Tacitus notes and was then called by some Authors Londinum by others Augusta under which name her Fame is celebrated by an Ancient Author which is thus Translated by Philemon Holland This City was Augusta call'd To which a truth to say Air Land Sea and all Elements Show favour every way The Weather no where milder is The Ground most rich to see Which yields all sorts of useful Fruit That never spent will be The Ocean that with Thames her Streams His flowing Tyde doth blend Conveys to it Commodities All that the World can send The Noble Seat of Kings it is For State and Royalty Of all the Realm the Fence the Heart The Life the Light the Eye The People Ancient Valorous Expert in Chivalry Enriched with all sorts of Goods Of Art or Mistery Take a strict view of every thing And then say thus in brief This either is a World it self Or of the World the Chief CHAP. II. The Ancient and present Walls and Gates of the City HIstorians report That about the year after Christ 306 Constantine the Great at the desire of his Mother Helena did first build a Wall about this City which may seem more probable considering that the Brittains did understand how to build Walls with Stone as may appear by the following Relation About the Year of Christ 399 when the Empire of Rome was invaded and that City destroyed by the Goths the Romans called away all their Forces from Brittain for the Defence of their own Countrey After which the Brittains being not able to defend themselves were for many years oppressed by two cruel Nations that is the Scots and Picts whereupon they sent Ambassadors with Letters full of Lamentable Supplications and Complaints to Rome to desire their assistance promising constant Obedience to them The Romans sent them a Legion of Souldiers who fought with their Enemies and drove them out of the Countrey And leaving the Brittains at Liberty they advised them to make a Wall cross the Countrey from one Sea to the other for their defence against their troublesome Neighbours and then the Romans returned home in Triumph The Brittains built this Wall in the North of England but wanting Masons they did not make it of Stone as the Romans directed but of Turf which was so weak that it was little Security to them For their Enemies perceiving the Romans were gone they presently came in Boats and invaded their Countrey ruining and wasting all before them Upon which Ambassadors were again sent with fresh Lamentations to Rome beseeching them not to suffer their miserable Countrey to be wholy destroyed The Romans then sent them another Legion who coming suddenly surprized their Enemies and made a great slaughter among them chasing them back again even to their own Countrey The Romans departing home again told the Brittains plainly that the Journey hither was long and troublesome and therefore they must expect no further help from them but must learn to use Armour and weapons themselves thereby to be able to resist their Enemies who were incouraged to invade them because of their Cowardice and Faintheartedness However for the incouragement of their Tributary Friends whom they were now forced to forsake the Romans made them a Wall of hard Stone from the West Sea to the East Sea and built two Cities at each end thereof the Brittains labouring therein also This Wall was built Eight Foot thick and twelve Foot high directly East and West as appears by the ruins to be seen at this day The work being finished the Romans gave them a strict charge to look to themselves and to instruct their People in the use of Arms and Millitary Discipline and least the Enemy should come by Sea Southward they made divers Bulwarks at some distance from each other by the Seaside And then bid the Brittains farewel as intending to return no more This happened in the Reign of Theodosius the younger near 500 years after the first Arrival of the Romans here and about the year of our Lord 434. The Brittains after this had several Skirmishes with the Picts and Scots and made Choice of Vortiger to be their King and Leader who is said to have been neither Wise nor Valiant being wholly given up to Lust and Debauchery And the People likewise having some rest from their Enemies ran into Gluttony Drunkenness Pride Contention Envy and all manner of Vice to the great scandal of their Christian Profession At which time a dreadful Pestilence fell upon them which destroyed such a multitude of them that the quick were not sufficient to bury the dead and yet those that remained alive continued so impenitent that neither the death of their Friends nor fear of their Enemies had any Effect upon them whereupon Divine Justice pursued them even almost to the Destruction of the whole sinful Nation For being now again in danger of utter ruin from their old Neighbours the Scots and Picts they consult with their King Vortiger what to do and at last conclude to call in the Saxons who soon after arrived in Brittain where saith Bede they were received as Friends For having driven out the Picts and Scots they likewise drove out the Brittains forcing some of them to fly over the Seas and others into the barren and waste Mountains of Wales and Cornwall The Saxons were likewise ignorant of building with Stone till the year 680. for it is affirmed that Bennet Abbot of Werral and Master to Reverend Bede first brought in Artificers for Stone houses and Glass Windows unknown before to the Saxons who built only with Wood. And to this Polychronicon agrees who speaking of those times saith

fallen by Will or by Intestates and are under the Jurisdiction of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury There is also the College of Physicians curiously rebuilt in Warwick lane and likewise a College of Heralds who are Messengers of War and Peace and skilful in Descents Pedigrees and Coats of Arms. Gresham College in Bishopsgate-street is another built by Sir Tho. Gresham and a Revenue left to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen for maintaining four Persons to read within this College Divinity Geometry Astronomy and Musick with an allowance to each besides Lodging of 50 l. a year and other Rents are left to the Mercers Company to find three able Men more to read Civil Law Physick and Rhetorick with the same allowance these several Lectures should be read in Term time every day in the Week except Sundays beginning at nine in the Morning and at two Afternoon to give notice whereof the Bell in the Steeple of the Royal-Exchange is to ring at those times they are to read Forenoon in Latin and Afternoon in English The Musick Lecture to be read only in English There is also Sion College founded by Dr. White near Cripplegate for the use of the Clergy of London and of the Liberties thereof and some Alms-Houses for 24 poor People to perform all which he gave 3000 l. and for the maintenance of these poor People 120 l. a year for ever and 40 l. a year for a Sermon in Latin at the beginning of every Quarter and a plentiful Dinner for all the Clergy that shall then meet there In this College is a fine Library built by John Symson well furnished with Books for Divines This College felt the rage of the Fire but is since rebuilt A little without the Walls stands another College or Collegiate House called the Charter-house formerly a Convent of Carthusian Monks called also Suttons Hospital It consists of a Master or Governour a Chaplain with a Master and Usher to instruct 44 Scholars besides 80 decayed Gentlemen Soldiers or Merchants who have all a plentiful maintenance of Diet Lodging Cloaths Physick c. and live all together in a Collegiate manner and the 44 Scholars have all Necessaries whilst they are here taught and when fit for the University there is allowed to each out of the Revenues of this College 20 l. yearly for 3 years after they come to the University and to others sit for Trades a considerable sum to bind them Apprentices There are all sorts of Officers fit for such a Society as Minster Physician Apothecary Steward Cook Butler c. who have all competent Salaries This vast Revenue and Princely Foundation was the sole Gift of an ordinary Gentleman Mr. Thomas Sutton born in Lincolnshire and is of such account that by the Kings Letters Patents under the great Seal divers Persons of the highest Dignity and Quality in Church and State are always the Overseers and Regulators of this Society as the Arch bishop of Canterbury the L. Keeper or Chancellor L. Treasurer and 13 more There are likewise divers publick Schools endowed as St. Pauls a Free School founded by Dr. Collet Dean of St. Pauls for 153 Children to be taught gratis for which there was appointed a Master a Submaster or Usher and a Chaplain with large ●●●pends paid by the Mercers Company This famous School was also burnt down but is now reedified in a more magnificent and commodious Manner In 1553. after the crecting of Christs Hospital out of the Ruins of the Gray Fryers a great number of poor Children were taken in and a School appointed at the charge of the City There are in London divers other endowed or Free Schools as Merchant Taylors Mercers c. There are likewise several famous Hospitals in this City as Christs Hospital given by King Edward VI. from whence Children are put forth Apprentices every year some of them being instructed in Arithmetick and Navigation are placed with Commanders of Ships out of the Mathematical School founded by K. Charles H. Then there is St. Bartholomews Hospital for maimed Soldiers Seamen and other diseased Persons St. Thomas's Hospital in Southwark for sick and wounded Persons Also Pridewell Hospital for Vagrants and Indigent Persons The Hospital o● Bethlem for curing Lunaticks and mad Men hath been lately removed because of the inconveniency of the Place and a stately and magnificent Hospital built for them in Morefields which cost above 17000 Pound CHAP. IX The Strand Westminster and Part Adjacent IT would too much enlarge this small Volume to give an exact Account of the City of Westminster and other Parts we shall therefore only remark some Particulars Westminister was formerly called Dorney or Thorney and was an Island incompassed by the Thames overgrown with Fryers and Thorns but now graced with sltately Houses and Pallaces both publick and private The chief are the two Palaces of White hall but the former was lately burnt down by a sudden Fire and St. James's to which is adjoined a delightful Park in which is a Mall said to be the best in Europe it is now the Pallace of our Gracious Queen Anne Then there is Westminster-hall where the Courts of Justice are kept as the High Court of Parliament consisting of the King the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and the Commons The Court of Kings Bench wherein the King sometimes sate in Person in which are handled all the Pleas of the Crown all things that concern loss of Life or Member for them the K. or Qu. is concerned because the Life and Limbs of the Subject belong only to them so that the Pleas are here between the King and the Subject As all Treasons Felonies Breach of Peace Oppression Misgovernment c. In this Court sit four Judges Then there is the Court of Common-Pleas so called say some because there are debated the usual Pleas between one Subject and another in this Court there are likewise four Judges Next is the Court of Exchequer so called some think from a Checquer wrought Carpet covering the great Table in that Court wherein are tryed all Causes concerning the Kings Revenue There is another called the Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster which takes Cognizance of all Causes that concern the Reve●ues of that Dutchy Also the high Court of Chan●ery which is placed next the King's Bench as mitigating the Rigor thereof this Court is the Womb ●f all our Fundamental Laws it is called Chancery as ●ome imagine because the Judge of this Court sate ●nciently inter Cancellos or within Lattices as the East end of our Churches being separated per Cancel●os from the Body of the Church as peculiarly belonging to the Priest were thence called Chancels this Court grants Writs according to Equity or Consci●nce Out of which issue Summons for Parliaments ●dicts Proclamations Letters Patents Treaties ●eagues with Forreign Princes c. There is likewise ●he Court of Admiralty wherein all matters concern●ng the Sea are determined by the Civil Law because ●he Sea is without the Limits

Doomsday-book and is kep● to this day in the Kings Exchequer at Westminster Yet he was kind to the Londoners suffering then to enjoy their Rights and Priviledges which the had in Edward the Confessors time by the procurement of William Bishop of London who wa● buried in St. Pauls Church and this Epitaph p●● upon his Grave-stone in Latine and English To William a man famous in wisdom and holiness of life who first with St. Edward the King and Confessor being familiar of late preferred to be Bishop of London and not long after for his prudence an● sincere fidelity admitted to be of Council with 〈◊〉 most victorious Prince William King of England of that name the first who obtained of the same gre● and large Priviledges to this famous City The Sen● and Citizens of London of him having well deser●ave made this He continued Bishop twenty Years ●nd died in the Year after Christs Nativity 1070. These Marble Monuments to thee Thy Citizens assign Rewards O Father far unfit To those deserts of thine Thee unto them a faithful Friend Thy London People found And to this Town of no small weight A stay both sure and sound Their Liberties restor'd to them By means of thee have been Their publick weal by means of thee Large Gifts have felt and found The Riches Stock and Beauty brave One hour hath them supprest Yet these thy Vertues and good deeds With us for ever rest The Lord Mayor of London and Aldermen upon the day of his coming into his Office used ●ll of late days to walk round the Grave-stone ●f this Bishop in remembrance of their former Priviledges obtained by him And there was ●n Inscription fastned to a Pillar near his Grave ●ntituled The Recital of a most worthy Prelates Re●embrance which was erected at the charge of Sir Edward Barkham Lord Mayor 1622. which speaks thus to the Walkers in S. Pauls Walkers whosoe're you be If it prove your chance to see Vpon a solemn Scarlet day The City Senate pass this way Their grateful memory to shew Which they the Reverend ashes owe Of Bishop Norman here inhum'd By which this City hath assum'd Large Priviledges those obtain'd By him when Conquerour William reign'd This being by Barkhams thank ful mind renew'd Call it The Monument of Gratitude King William brought with him from Roan in Normandy certain Jews whose posterity inhabiting in London and several other chief Cities they were accused that they used to steal Christian male children from their Neighbours which they would circumcise crown with thorns whip torture and crucifie in mockery despite and scor● of our Lord Jesus Christ William Rufus his Son appointed a Disputation to be held in London between the Christians and the Jews but before the day came the Jew● brought the King a present to the end they might be heard impartially The K. received their gift encouraging them to quit themselves like men● and swore by S. Lukes face his usual Oath The● of they prevailed in Disputation he would himself tur● Jew and be of their Religion A young Jew was as that time converted to the Christian Faith whose father being much troubled at it he presented th● King with threescore Marks intreating him t● perswade his son to return to his Judaisin where upon the King sent for his son and commande● him without more ado to return to the Religio● of his Nation But the young man answered H● wondred His Majesty would use such words for bein● a Christian he should rather perswade him to Christi●nity with which answer the King was so confour●ded that he commanded the young man out of h● presence But his father finding the King could do no good upon his son required his money a● gain Nay saith the King I have taken pains enough for it and yet that thou mayest see how kindly I will deal you shall have one half and you cannot in conscience deny me the other half and so dismist him And now we are Treating of the Jews it may not be amiss to add all at once what we read concerning them in this City In the year 1235. the 19 of H. 3. seven Jews were brought before the King at Westminster who had stolen a Boy and kept him private from the sight of any but their own Nation for a whole year and had circumcised him intending also to have crucified him at the solemnity of Easter as they themselves confest before the K. upon which they were convicted and their bodies and goods remained at the Kings pleasure In the 39 of this K. Nov. 22. 102 Jews were brought from Lincoln to Westminster and there accused for crucifying a child of 8 years old named Hugh These Jews were upon examination sent to the Tower of London the murther being discovered by the diligent search of the Mother of the child Upon which eighteen of them were hanged and the other remained long in Prison In the Reign of Henry 2. the number of the Jews throughout England was very great yet whereforever they dwelt they were commanded not to bury their dead any where but in London which being many times inconvenient to bring dead bodies from remote Places the K. gave them liberty to bury in the same place where they lived In 1189. at the Coronation of R. 1. Son of H. 2. at Westminster a great disaster befel the Jews for King Richard not favoring them as his Father had done had given a strict charge that no Jew should be spectator of the solemnity yet several Jews as though it had been the Crowning of King Herod would needs be pressing in and the Officers appointed refusing they should enter there arose a Quarrel which proceeded from words to blows whereby many Jews were hurt and some slain and thereupon a report was suddenly spread abroad that the King had commanded to have all the Jews destroyed upon which it is incredible what rifling there was in an instant of the Jews Houses and cutting their throats and though the King fignified by publick Declaration that he was highly displeased with what was done yet there was no quieting of the multitude till next day and many of the Mutineers were afterward punished by the Law In the Reign of King John 1202. Great sums of money were exacted and gathered from the Jews among whom there was one who would not pay the money charged upon him till the King caused one of his great Teeth to be pulled out every day for seven days together upon which he was at last compelled to give the King Ten Thousand Marks of silver that no more might be pulled out since he had but one left in his head K. Henry 3. being very profuse was brought so low for want of money that he was forced to borrow nay almost beg it of his Subjects but the Jews who were ever exposed to his will felt the weight of his necessities and one Abraham a Jew in London being found a Delinquent was constrained to redeem himself for

and though the Earl of Glocester by his revolt from the Barons and joining with the Prince had greatly furthered this good work and had caused the King to enjoy a happy peace yet was this Earl so little trusted that he found neither favour nor reward but was much slighted and had but cold entertainment at Court which he highly resented and meditated revenge In this fury he came headlong into the City of London and complaining of his ill usage the common people flockt in Troops about him and daringly committed many notorious outrages within the City forgetting the great Calamity they had lately suffered and what favours they had received From thence they went to the Kings Palace at Westminster which they most barbarously rifled spoiled and ransacked This might have produced another Civil War but the Tumult was in a little time dispersed and the Prince again interposed himself an earnest Mediator between the King and all the Offenders and procured a large and free pardon for the Earl of Glocester whereby all things were again appeased and quieted After which the Earl of Glocester and Prince Edward went into the Holy Land where he continued till after the death of his Father It is observed of this King Henry the third that he was never constant in his love nor his hate for he never had so great a Favourite but he cast him off with disgrace nor so great an Enemy whom he received not into favour An example of both which Qualities was seen in his carriage to Hubert de Burgh who was for a time the greatest Favourite yet cast out afterward in miserable disgrace and then no man held in greater hatred yet received afterward into Grace again And it is strange to read what Crimes this Hubert was charged with at his Arraignment and especially one That to dissuade a great Lady from marrying with the King he had said The King was a squint-eyed Fool and a kind of Leper deceitful perjured more faint-hearted than a Woman and utterly unfit for any Ladies Company For which and other crimes laid to his charge in the Kings Bench where the King himself was present he was adjudged to have his Lands Confiscate and to be deprived of his Title of Earl yet after all he was restored to his Estate again and suffered to live quiet There is likewise an instance of his Timorousness in the following passage The King being in his Barge on the Thames on a sudden the Air grew dark and there followed a terrible Shower with Thunder and Lightning of which the King being impatient commanded himself to be put to Land at the next Stairs which was Durham-house where Simon Montford Earl of Leicester lived which the Earl having notice of came to wait on the King saying Sir Why are you afraid the Tempest is now past Whereunto the King with a stern look replied I fear Thunder and Lightning extreamly but by the head of God I fear thee more than all the Thunder and Lightning in the World Whereto the Earl answered My Leige it is injurious and incredible that you should stand so much in fear of me who have been always loyal both to you and your Kingdom whereas you ought to fear your Enemies even those that destroy the Realm and abuse your Majesty with bad Counsels In this Kings Reign the two great Charters of Magna Charta and Charta de Forestae were ratified and confirmed The Pleas of the Crown were likewise pleaded in the Tower of London All Wears in the Thames were in this Kings time ordered to be pulled up and destroyed Also the Citizens of London were allowed by Charter to pass Toll-free through England and to have free liberty of Hunting about London they had likewise licence to have and use a Common Seal It was also ordained that no Sheriff of London should continue in his Office longer than one Year● whereas before they continued many and the City were allowed to present their Mayor to the Barons of the Exchequer to be sworn who before was presented to the King where-ever he were In the 32 year of his Reign the Wharf in London called Queen-Hith was farmed to the Citizens for fifty pounds a year which is scarce now worth fifteen This King caused a Chest of Gold to be made for laying up the Reliques of King Edward the Confessor in the Church of Westminster Hubert de Burgh Earl of Kent was buried in the Church of the Friars Preachers in London to which Church he gave his Pallace at Westminster which afterward the Archbishop of York bought and made it his Inn then commonly called York Place and now Whitchall In the thirteenth year of this King there were great Thunders and Lightnings which burnt many houses and slew both Men and Beasts In his 15. year upon S. Pauls day when Roger Wiger Bishop of London was at Mass at S. Pauls the Sky suddenly grew dark and such a terrible Thunder-clap sell upon the Church that it was shaken as if it would have fallen and so great a flash of Lightning came out of a dark Cloud that all the Church seemed to be on fire so that all the people ran out of the Church and fell on the ground with astonishment In 1233. five Suns were seen at one time together after which followed so great a Dearth that people were forced to eat Horse-flesh and Barks of Trees and in London twenty thousand were starved for want of Bread In 1236. the River of Thames overflowed the Banks so that in the great Pallace at Westminster men rowed with Boats in the midst of the Hall In 1240. many strange Fishes came ashore and among others forty Sea Bulls and one of a huge bigness passed through London Bridge unhurt till he came to the Kings House at Moreclack where he was killed In 1263. the Thames again overflowed the Banks about Lambeth and drowned Houses and Fields for the space of six Miles And the same Year there was a Blazing Star seen for three Moneths In 1264. seven hundred Jews were slain in London their Goods spoiled and their Synagogue defaced because one Jew would have forced a Christian to have paid above two pence a Week for the use of twenty shillings In 1268. there happened a great quarrel between the Goldsmiths and Taylors of London which occasioned much mischief to be done and many men were slain for which Riot twelve of the Ringleaders were hanged In 1269. the River of Thames was so hard frozen from the last of November to Gandlemas that men and Beasts passed over from Lambeth to Westminster and Goods were brought from Sandwich and other Port Towns by Land In 1271. the Steeple of Bow in Cheapside fell down and slew many people both Men and Women About the same time a Child was born near London who is reported at two years old to have cured all Diseases And at Greenwich near London a Lamb was yeaned which had two perfect bodies and but one head King