Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	year_n	yearly_a	yield_v	39	3	8.3838	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34002	A plea for the bringing in of Irish cattel, and keeping out of fish caught by foreigners together with an humble address to the honourable members of Parliament of the countries of Cornwal and Devon, about the advancement of tin, fishery, and divers manufactures / by John Collins.	Collins, John, 1625-1683.	1680 (1680)	Wing C5379; ESTC R18891	30,333	42

take the following instance to wit a Sea Commander Captain Swaine informes that for 5 years past there were seldom less than 20 Irish Ships frequently at Dunkirk Laden with Beef Tallow Hides and Leather much Butter and some Wool And that all the Capers or Privateers during that time were furnished with these Provisions That divers other Irish Ships furnisht Ostend and many of them he hath seen at Nants Burnes Rochel That at Dunkirk the Irish sold their Provisions at the following Rates Tallow and Butter the Hundred Weight from 20 to 22 Livers That is from 30 s. to 33 s. whereas 100 l. of Butter cannot but cost dearer here a Liver may be reckoned at 18 pence and 10 Stivers to a Shilling there is no great disparity in Weight 100 l. there makes 104 l. here A Barrel of Beef Weighing about 2 Hundred and a half from 12 to 23 Livers That is from seven and six pence to thirteen and eight pence the Hundred Weight Tann'd Leather from 14 to 18 Stivers a Pound Weight that is from 16 pence to 21 pence That there was Imported but little Provisions besides Corn from England to wit Butter by which there was no great gain Cod Salmon and Herrings abound most plentifully on the Irish Coasts insomuch that some years there hath been seen at Wexford no less than 200 sail of Ships at a time part English part French but most Dutch taking in Herrings and other Provisions where a mesh of Herrings containing about 500 is commonly sold for Four Shillings often under and sometimes higher and about two mesh fill a Barrel moreover Cod at other places are sold for 4 d. or 5 d. a peece So that if this be permitted and no redress found it will be a folly to catch any Herrings in the Channel in hopes of a profit by sending them to Spain or into the Streights when at Yarmouth the first cost of a Barrel of Herrings is above double the value they cost at Wexford one Mr. Jared Hancock and others will attest the assertion The Third Argument Hence we must either allow Ireland a free Trade with others to the subversion of the Cloth Trade of England and the incredible prejudice of the Fishery and of Trade and Staple Commodities in general or by agreement with them on equitable terms hereafter propounded get so high a Duty of Customs laid on their Commodities as may if exported by Foreigners or by themselves unless to England render them of equal or rather higher value than the like Commodities in England and then take off as many of them as we can and furnish them to others after improvement here at the second hand the latter if we will avoid our own destruction is the choice to be made Hence their Cattel c. ought not to be refused and in what else can they pay England the debt before mentioned and over ballance of Trade The Fourth Argument The prime reason for Barring Foreign Commodities holds not in this case The Irish Cattel in question with their Hides Tallow and Wool are not so much Imported for our expence as to Ship off to furnish Foreign Markets withal and are received in payment of an annual debt which cannot be well otherwise returned from Ireland Lastly If we ought not for our own expence to be furnished with Commodities from abroad that we can supply our selves with at home then ought we to have no Foreign Salt Iron Brass Paper Tapestry-hangings Canvas Linnen Earthen-wares Madders Safflore Smalt hard Soap tinned Plates and divers other Commodities of lesser moment Imported and no Salt Petre from the East Indies nor Sugar from Portugal seeing our own Plantations will afford it And if we admit these great concerns from Strangers 't is more fit his Majesties Subjects should have a free Trade with one another for matters of far less moment As to that straw that unless Provisions be dear the people will be lazy and will not work Answer 't is granted necessity begets industry yet notwithstanding if some will be idle it follows not that all or the Major part will be so Poor people must either work beg or steal If the latter besides saving the Almes of the Parish there are Houses of Correction and punishment Moreover goodness and cheapness are the main inducements to put off any Commodity And it canot be well apprehended how Labour shall be cheap and Work plenty where Provisions are dear where the one riseth the other doth so likewise As at London and in other places where Provisions are dearest Labor is dearest And this assertion is contrary to experience in memory to wit before the year 1640. Provisions were much cheaper than they are now and Labour likwise and work more plentifull for then we had a great Trade And about 60 Ships of about 400 or 500 Tuns burthen employed in the Streights which afterwards in 1659. came to be reduced to 6 or thereabouts as the City represented to Olivers Council Whereas on the contrary at present we have so little work that many thousands of Families of Salt-workers Rope-makers Weavers Dryers Potters Tanners c. have no Employment And to make Provisions dear as a means to make the poor work is the ready way to drive them into Foreign Plantations where they may either have greater Wages for their pains or Ground for Plantations given them by the Law of the Country Those that are for grinding and made the Objection I suppose would not willingly undergo a mean comfortless drudgery themselves As to that Allegation about a low rate of interest to the intent Lands and Provisions may rise in value 'T is granted and affirmed that according to the Laws of Arithmetick for yearly Purchases if Money be at 4 in the hundred Land should be at 25 years Purchase and at 5 in the hundred at 20 years Purchase though the Effect doth not always follow the supposed Cause As in the year 1640. when Money was at 8 per Centum and Land should have been worth but 12 and a half years Purchase yet it was commonly sold for 20 years Purchase Whence take this Sorites If Land rises the Commodities the Land yields must also rise otherwise the Tenant cannot pay his Rent This rising-price must be paid either at home or abroad if neither consequently a low Rate of interest cannot advance the price of Lands Cloth Lead and Tin are our chief Staple Commodities And whether these will bear a considerable Rising price abroad or at home is the Querie 1. As for Cloth I hear the Merchants hazard is great and gain little and it was more formerly This saith Mr. Baker an eminent Merchant in a Book of the Spanish and Smyrna Trade Printed in 1659. page 13. Intituled the Merchants Petition and Remonstrance The Clothiers and others complain against the Merchants in general that they take not off and buy their Cloathes and other their Manufactures nor give them such prices for them whereby they may make a Livelyhood

Hides and that all their Ports are well stored with Shipping whereby they supply all those Parts with Provision and make their returns with those Commodities the Kingdom can vend which they can have much cheaper than from England and the Surplus plus they return in Money This I take out of a Sheet printed with Allowance by J.B. in 1677. The Particulars following are taken out of a Letter from Ireland printed in 1677. viz. Pag. 8. We find more advantage by Victualling Foreigners than we had formerly by a whole Sale in England Pag. 9. You were provided by a sufficient Act of Parliament to be the only Mart for Wool it being made Felony to transport it into Foreign Parts and Confiscation to import it to you otherwise than crude and unmanufactured Pag. 20. This is not to be exported neither without License paying both the King's Duty and that to the Lord Lieutenant Pag. 9. Which is at least 2 s. a Stone besides Freight Factorage and Market Charges Pag. 20. All exported must be first entred for England and pay these Duties though afterwards it loseth its way at Sea Pag. 11. An Account is given of their Progress in setting up the Woollen Manufacture Much Provisions also and Goods they Ship off to our Plantations from whence 't is probable in time we must export Money for our own supply Against this whole Discourse may be raised the following grand Objection to wit an Opponent may insist that the admission of Irish Cattel causeth Rents of breeding Grounds exceedingly to fall contrary to the Interest of the Owners and Farmers thereof and this is the reason why Cattel in themselves a Blessing are called a Nusance Answ The Objection is granted and comes to pass because we cannot Victual our Neighbours and their Shipping nor most of our own nor is the sale of Flesh much hindred by Fish or Izeland Cod for of late years little or none hath been spent in His Majesty's Navy-Royal But a remedy is propounded On the other side the Owners of feeding Grounds the Merchandizing and Trading part of the Nation or Corporations who bear above two Third parts of the Charge of the Government sustain the greater wrong which in the event will be very prejudicial if not ruinous to the whole I my self have my life in Lands in Marshland in the County of Norfolk which tell from 32 l. to 17 l. a year but is of late risen to 21 l. a year I know some Gentlemen Owners of feeding Grounds in our Midland Counties whose Rents are fallen above one quarter of what they usually made before the Irish Act had a being they know not to what other cause to impute it and I have not liberty to mention particulars Also there is a London Minister who hath Lands in Gloucestershire which fell from 60 l. to 30 l. per annum and both he and som● of the Gentlemen aforesaid are forced to stock their Grounds and keep them in their own hands committing the management to Bayliffs The Author of the Irish Letter pag. 7. saith That if the business were now to tell Counties he hath been lately assured from some in England that those Counties that find not themselves benefitted and those that are really aggreived by this Act do by this time upon Experiment and second thoughts make up the greatest Party And pag. 5. he saith That when it passed it was not without some repugnance at first in His Majesty The Reason is obvious His Majesty could not but foresee some of the ill consequences thereof as namely that it would cause his Duty of Customs to fall lessen our Navigation much increase the charge of Victualling his Navy and disoblige all his British Subjects in Ireland which might be of dangerous Consequence But to restore an Union with them and at home suppose they consent to the terms Propounded in pag. 9 23. Then there will be a considerable Accession made to His Majesty's Revenue in Ireland to wit near the value of all the Commodities exported out of that Kingdom that come not to us and this will help to maintain a Navy there or in the Channel and such help is but highly necessary for one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty was pleased to inform me that 300000 l. a year supposing the same constantly allotted and paid to that use would but defray the ordinary annual Harbour Charges of Repairs Yards Moorage the Wages of Workmen and Labourers the Salaries of Officers and 14 Men of War at Sea Whereas to furnish Stores build a necessary supply of Ships from time to time and maintain a competent Fleet abroad will require a far greater Sum as hath been represented to the late Long Parliament So that I hope if the Irish Act pass it shall not be perpetual and that in the interim our Grandees will propose and receive terms of Accommodation with Ireland If the former Measures take these must be the Consequences 1. The Poor will obtain Employment in other Nations they have been their Renown Wealth and Strength but here on the contrary our Shame Improverishment and Burthen hence to employ the Poor and to render idle beggarly Persons profitable Members to the Kingdom to reclaim Vice and encourage Industry by proper Expedients cannot but be Subjects that may always deserve and expect due encouragement from Authority but more especially now when too too long empoverishments make us groan for Redress which if obtained will be a bitter potion to our too powerful Neighbours abroad 2 Navigation and strength will encrease and if we can be either happy or safe without Navigation and maintain it without a Fishery and mannage it without Pilots 't is well but if not the Fishery is of an absolute and indispensible necessity to the welfare both of King and People 3. The Merchants and Trading part of the Nation will be encouraged and are they not as Writers denominate them The great Revenue of the King the honour of the Kingdom a noble Profession a School of Skill the supply of our Wants the source of Employments the improvement of our Manufactures and cause of our Exportation the Nursery of our Mariners the Walls of the Kingdom the means of our Treasure the sinew of our Wars and the terrour of our Enemies 4. I my self hope through Divine Bounty to obtain a good Employment to sustain a numerous Family having met with great Losses in publick Affairs however if not I have cast in my Mite and I hope a Person whose business and study hath been the Argument of Trade may have as much if not a greater liberty as others to propound how to remove the Encumbrances thereof to the advantage I hope of all Interests Hence if His Majesty and the Nation reap any benefit I have in a great measure obtained my END POSTSCRIPT THis Discourse hath been all penn'd and printed in great hast to wit in about a Fortnight's time and therefore could not be so well digested as were to be