Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	wound_a	wound_n	wound_v	78	3	9.2233	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20902	The Sclopotarie of Iosephus Quercetanus, phisition. Or His booke containing the cure of wounds receiued by shot of gunne or such like engines of warre. Whereunto is added his spagericke antidotary of medicines against the aforesayd woundes. Published into English by Iohn Hester, practitioner in the said spagiricall arte; Sclopterius	Du Chesne, Joseph, ca. 1544-1609.; Du Chesne, Joseph, ca. 1544-1609. Antidotarium spagiricum. aut; Hester, John, d. 1593.	1590 (1590)	STC 7277; ESTC S116126	87,513	114

shal finde the right and orderly preparation and dose of them CHAP. V. Of the third generall intention curatiue which is done by Chyrurgerie and first of the manner of the first dressing VVE said in the beginning that in wounds by shot two Indications curatiue were to be considered that is suppuration and generation of new flesh which are sufficient if we onely regard the contusion and brusing thereof and not the venemous qualitie and burning which may be ioyned therew●th the which two intentions that we may orderly do and so obtaine our pretendid purpose there are eleuen indications to be considered of vs which they call Subalterne of the which one of them commandeth the shot to bee taken out or small peeces of the coate of maile or points of weapons sticking fast and also peeces of their apparell scales of bones sharpe and pricking clots or any such other thing which may happen in the wounde which must be taken out if it may be without paine and if any thing bee deepe in it must bee wrought with your fingers or pincers or toothed tenacles made after the fashion of a Crowes bill as you may see them pictured in sundery sorts in the booke of Ambrosius Pareus a most skilfull Chyrurgion And the shot must be taken out the same way it went in placing the wounded person as Hippocrates commandeth in the same sort as he was in when he receiued the wounde or at the least so placed and laide in his bedde that so nigh as may be he resemble the same And the shot is commonly taken out by that way as vy force it was driuen in because it hath made and prepared it selfe a way to come forth thereby the which passage if neede require must be inlarged with a lancet or incision knife that the bullet may follow the easier and the lesse inflamation arise if so be it be found by a searcer sticking in the flesh and hath not pearced any great vaine or sinewy place In which case we must vse a new incision with more profite if the flesh in the contrary part be verie thinne and by feeling the shot is perceiued and no manifest let but incision may be made in the contrary side And of this the Chyrurgion ought alwayes to haue a speciall care as saith Celsus writing of drawing out things infixed in wounds least that a sinew great vaine or artery bee hurted thereby which if it be like to insue or the shot be so hidde that it cannot be founde it is better to let it stay till such time as nature it selfe shall expell it For what shall it preuaile when the wound is great of it selfe to make a newe and in vaine to molest the patient with double paines in so much as in diuers the shot hath beene so secret that many yeares after y e wound hath bene healed it hath fallen out of his owne accord with a small impostume Moreouer this thing may be done by applying of drawing medicines whose vse is dayly especially if it be suspected the shot to be venemous for in such case it must be had out with speede wherefore least the venime stricke vpward and draw to the principall parts we must presently vse the strongest drawers as in other cases those not so forceable of the which we shall haue occasion to speake when we intreate of venemous woundes This first intention being done that is all things as much as in vs lieth taken out of the wound next we will speake of such medicines as first are to be applied to the same in which case we finde the iudgement of the Phisitions and Chyrurgions much to varie some woulde haue a burning whot iron or causticke or any other eating medicine to be applied to euery wounde indifferently others the oyle Oliue or oyle of Elders to be powred on exceeding whot some commende Treacle others Turpentine and some woulde haue the oile of whelpes to be applied verie warme but the common sort vse to take their matches stupes or tow and dippe it in vineger the white of an egge and some astringent medicine and therewith fill the whole wound and binde and roole therein the parts about it and that dressing they will not to bee remooued for the space of a whole day as they say for feare of bleeding But how euill this cōmon vse is the skilfull may iudge for these emplasticall medicines are of a thick and earthy substance and astringent power which suddainly are dried vp and do pre●se the sore member too much and cause great pa●ne whereby comes great fluxes of humors and inflamations and other grieuous accidents because they doo shut vp the pores and passages of the skinne and do thickē and ingrosse the humors euen as Lard Rosine Pitch Waxe Butter and the substance of all things meltable doth congeale with colde and in feeling is harder euen so are the humors thickened and become hard to be discussed by the sinister application of these colde medicines for the pores of the skinne being shut vp the spirits by by are choked by the staying of exhalation of euill humors whereof many times comes Gangrena and mortification of the whole member But if meere necessitie and want of other medicines doth inforce the Chyrurgion to vse these common remedies to stop the great fluxe of blood which in these wounds is seldome seene yet if they may let them bee picked out or chaunged or els often made moist with Oxirhodino warmed neither is it to be forgotten that many now adayes do vse to the cure of such wounds not only at the first dressing but vntill they be fully healed onely running water warmed and some put therevnto vinegar and oyle and dippe therein their matches and towe which so well falleth out that diuers thinke that it is done by magicall incantations the which thing by daily experience is prooued neither is it against reason for Celsus writeth that simple cold water is profitable for woundes and in another place he saith it is good how euer it be applied yea warmed for it easeth paine expelleth inflamations and putteth backe fluxes the which accidents by the consent of all men in the very beginning are to be resisted Furthermore by the aduice of Hippoc. all contused wounds are to be cured by present supuration the which is done as experience and all auncient writers haue taught by fomentation of warme water If so bee then water doth repel and driue backe the violētnes of such grieuous and great accidents which commonly come to wounds why should then any man mauell if the nature wherein is contained the efficient cause and naturall balme which doth eonglutmate both broken bones and wounded flesh doth so incarnate wounds and socicatrise them so be it that art giue attendance to nature and dooth minister and serue thereunto in taking heede that the wounde bee not h●ndered by outwarde causes and that the curatiue vertue of the Balme bee not let but may doo his office

generall intention pertaine to consolidate togither partes disioyned the which is chiefely performed by the diligence of the radicall and naturall Baulme which is present in euerie part as the principall doer and chiefest workemaster being maintained with fit and conuenient nourishment which balme hath great power and strength in vniting and knitting togither of partes disioyned and this Baulme as the cause principall and efficient must be defended by the Phisition who must fore-see that the strength and efficacie therof by no meanes be hindred must keepe from it al outward causes which are noysome and hurtfull thereunto and also all such as haue power to hinder the consolidation thereof which he may do both by orderly kinde of dyet by applications of meete medicines These reasons as I may conclude in few words do signifie to vs two sorts of griefes which wounds by gunshot are accompanied with that is to say solution of continuitie with brusing and rending of the soft meane and sound parts of mans bodie and indeede it oftentimes so falleth out And these two intentions curatiue as I may say were sufficient for vs were it not that I can easily prooue as well by reason as experience and also by the fauour of most brauemen which haue written before me that these wounds are commonly accompanied with venome and blasting the which two being adioyned do● require of vs other intentions curatiue Notwithstanding we haue not spoken this to the intent to defend those which haue thought this venome to come of the powder partly through his essence and partly by the transmutation thereof of which opinion was Iohn de Vigo otherwise an excellent and learned Chirurgion and nowe lately renewed by one Alphonsus Ferrius an Italian Phisitiō whose disputation is learnedly confuted by Botallus Phisition to the king and also in Chirurgerie most excellent For the composition of the pouder especially declares that the nature thereof can bee by no meanes venemous in that it consisteth of brimstone salt-peter coale all which simples are without venome and also so holsome that they haue great vertue in expelling of strong diseases and amongst these brimstone vpon which Alphonsus especially groundeth his disputation is most excellēt for diseases of the Lungs so be it it be right and orderly prepared as we haue taught in our booke of the Spagirical preparation of medicines and that same may be learned out of the writinges of Galen Theophrast Plinie Dioscorides and also by the dayly vse and experience of our France and other nations For the Phisitions dispairing the curing of any notable disease doo send their patients to the whot Bathes which are in Bearnia Germany Subaudia and Italy the which waters running through the mettaline vaines of the earth they do retaine some of the spirit of Sulphur some of Alome some of Nyter some of Vitrioll and such like yet notwithstanding they are not wont to be deadly but holsome and especially those which tast of Sulphur and Nyter the which are very profitable against the palsie Sciatica stone long griefes of the stomake and such other Tartarous diseases whose cause is resolued and purged by vrine by the diureticall and percing power which proceedeth of the spirits of these mettals which dayly experience doth teach by the incredible curation of most desperate diseases And thus much of brimstone which by no meanes is to be thought ve em●●s no more then is sa●t Peter which notwithstanding I doe not thinke that it is all one with the Niter of D●oscorides other ancients as Bot●llus supposeth for that must be had out of Macedonie Egypt where in old time great flore was to be found In Macedonie by reason of y ● nature of the ground and Nitrous lake named Clitis and in Egypt through the water of Nylus which flowing ●uer his ban●es did rest in vn-euen places and in space of time it is imbibed with the saltnesse of the ground and by little and little through the heate of the sunne was so hardened that being not preuented it would consume to the hardnesse of stones And such was the Nyter of Alexandria which was the basest of all and farthest dissenting from the markes of the best because the chiefest is wont to be porous or hollow for so it is described by Plinie and Dioscorides and so that we may returne to our salt-peter which is vnlike to Niter except paraduenture it hath a certaine agreance of qualities therewith as all saltes haue a certaine agreeance among themselues notwithstanding we may truely and aduisedly ●ff●rme that gun-powder hath no poyson or venome in it by reason of the salt-peter because the salt-peter is made either of a●ertame fatnesse falling from the old wals or cellers caues and den●es whereof it seemeth to take this name sal-petrae or else it is made of the fat and rotten flores stables and old Churchyards that it is no more venomous then is the salt which we dayly and commonly vse is easily prooued in that many men do vse to eate it in-steede of ou● common salt and so because we ●●dge there is no man that will withstand the authorit●e of most excellent Phisitions we may conclude that gun-pouder through his composition is not venomous for coa●e either of Willow or other drie wood which is the third ingredience thereof is without al ve●●me as is proued dayly by the gyrrles which are pale faced and are sicke with the disease called Pica much lesse then are the lyquors ve●amous with which it is imbived which is wine and Aquavitae Thus much of the nature of powder which if we weigh his composition is not venemous because none of his simples or ingrediences are venemous neither can it bee venomous by any meanes by chaunging it into a firie qualitie For reason it selfe teacheth that fire both Actu and Potentia doth resist venome And this is the venis error in which Alphonsus Fer. is fallen when hee sought for venome in th●s powder in which is none at all as by the particilar examination of the parts and sunples we haue declared and of this matter may also the Germaine souldiers be a good ●nsample for they so soone as cuer they perceiue themselues wounded by shot by and by they put no small portion of the powder in a cuppe of w●ne and as a holsome medicine drinke it vp Now some man wil say I pray you from whence then do you thinke this venome in the wou●d doth proceed it seemeth then that the cause is in the bullet when it striketh woundeth the person and that also being commonly of leade cannot be venomous in so much as lead doth greatly agree with our nature and is verie holsome thereunto for it greatly aua●leth to the consolidation and drying of sores whether it be appl●ed in his meta●itue forme and shape as whē places of leade are applied to depresse the swelling lippes of sores or else the ashes thereof mortified and dissolued are mixed with emplaisters

extraordinarie aches and also with inflamation and pricking and shooting paines especially about the wound with vnlustinesse and heauinesse of all the whole bodie and many times burning feuers with sounding and alienation of the minde all these doo testifie that there is some venemous qualitie ioyned with the wound especially when there can no manifest cause be found out by y e Phisition whereof all these euill accidents should proceede which sometimes I haue seene to happen in simple wounds yea without the tearing of any sinewes But more certainer signes of this matter may be if any tokens appeare outwardly which may bee learned at the mouth of the patient and by relation of his familiar friendes and companions considering also the manner the place and the person being wounded But the surest signe of all is learned by the bullet if it may be found for if you cut him in two parts you shall see him darke and mixed with a purple and violet colour vnlike to the colour of other shot being cut which is wont to haue a yealow colour Then maist thou surely affirme that the shot was poisoned whereby the very substance thereof was altered as plaincly is seene by his inward colour which is greatly altered wanne and darke as we said before Proofe thereof also may be made in the fire which was said not rashly to haue great force in purging of all poison Because such things which are strong poison in deede doe consist of a spirituall and ayriall substance and therefore by force of fire doe easily vanish into the aire yet not with a smal heate such as is felt in going out of y e shot as Ambrosius Pareus thought which rather in processe of time woulde fixe it and make it not volatle and so consequently vnhurtfull But by a most strong heate of fire such as they vse in subliming for in that force of fire y e mercurie is eleuated and vanished away so likewise is the Arsnicke orpigment and such other spirits and for that cause they cannot be purged except they be pressed in the cold necke of the subliming vessels and so the suspected bullet being melted and kept in great heate a sufficient time then a darke and stinking smoke ariseth couering the mettall of which smoke or fume you must heware which after the melting is found not onely vnpurged but also appeareth blacke wanne and darke which commeth through the venemous fume spreding it selfe about the mettall and this is an infallible signe that the shott was poysoned whereby the wound may be venomed as I said before and that according to the time as it remaineth in the wound These be the signes whereby a poysoned wound is knowne which are the more dangerous to be iudged the more they doe weaken the strength of the patient Likewise blistering bladdering pricking paine drinesse contraction and hardnesse of the skinne doth manifestly shewe that the wound is also burnt with powder the which may be learned more surely by relation of the wounded person which can commonly declare whether he ware wounded nigh or farre off which also may be gathered by the burning of the vesture and it behoueth the Phisition to take heede diligently of all these thinges because they are of great waight and may bring great hurt to the wound and hinder greatly the curation thereof and through aboundance of fiures and other grieuous accidents which commonly insue vnlesse timely with wholesome medicines they be preuented as Galen commandeth in 4. Met. cap. 5. where he teacheth the maner of curing of an vlcer ioyned or coupled with another griefe not as the curation of a simple vlcer but first that affection must be remoued and then the vlcer to be cured Of the iudgement Furthermore a sounder iudgement in this case may be giuen by a heedie consideration of the saying of Galen written in his method where he teacheth that diseases may be dangerous for three causes first by reason of the worthinesse of the part affected secondarily through the vehemencie and strength of the griefe lastly by the malignitie and euill qualitie of the disease Therefore if the spirituall parts or if the braine and especially the substance thereof be wounded it is deadly Likewise the lunges the midriffe the stomacke the splene and kidnie being wounded doth cōmonly bring death for they also by reason of their offices are reckoned among the principall partes of no lesse ieopardie are the wounds of the guts especially in the smaller where there is no fleshe also in the bladder which cannot be aglutinated because they are vnbloudie parts and likewise woundes wherein the head or stomacke is pearced through are counted verie dangerous and the more greater and deeper y e wounds be with tearing of the sinewes and brusing of the bones so much the more dangerous they are and especiallie those which happen in the head with fracture of Cranion and also suche as be nigh the ioyntes through great and vehement accidentes insuing hereon but woundes ioyned with venome although in shew they be but small yet are they moste dangerous because by the contrarie substance excessiue qualitie thereof not onely the naturall disposition but also the verie substance of the bodie is altered and changed and especially when the wound is with breaking of the skinne which by thicknesse thereof doth defend the flesh which otherwise it woulde so that the poyson be not subtill that the contagiousnesse thereof doth not infect the bloud spirites and humors and consequently the principall partes whereby death commonly insueth Moreouer all these woundes are to be counted the more dangerous in case they be accompanied with euill accidentes and great passions and also the passion filled with euill humours and so much the more if at that time anie common sicknesse doth raigne in the campe caused by the aire whose qualitie although it be simple and not subiect to putrifaction yet oftentimes it bringeth great alteration to the qualities being infected with noysome and stincking fumes which oftentimes comes to passe in great hostes and chiefly in that part which is molested with composts and dead carcases of beastes and men from whence arise the noysome stincking fumes whereby the souldiers are afflicted also vnstablenesse of the weather comming with tempestes doth greatly hurt these woundes and oftentimes put the partie in great hazard and chiefly when a drie winter goeth before with northen blastes and a wet spring insueth with southerly windes through which many grosse humours are ingendred which with that vnstablenesse of weather are stirred and corrupted and the euilenesse of the aire ioyning therewith bringeth forth pestilent and burning feuers with inflamacions Gangrena and mortification yea and at the last death it selfe as Hipoc witnesseth in the third Aphorisme in lib. Epid. Neyther may we ouerpasse the loose and vnorderly kinde of dyet vsed not onely among the common souldiers but also with the Captaines rulers legates and protectors Which oftentimes are inforced to take such

and in clensing the wound throughly from fi●th and all other thinges which may hinder the consolidation thereof And also I must greatly commend their indeuour which will oyle and vinegar to be added thereunto for with that remedie was that Vinsius cured of whome we spake before being wounded greeuously at the siege of Rochell and not onely he but diuers others for these thinges being mixed doe resist all kinde of accidentes as paine inflamation fluxes and also putrifaction which last especially is to be preuented because these kindes of woundes are verie much subiect thereunto least Gangrena and Sphacelus follow after And it is manifest y t vineger withstandeth corruption in that it preserueth thinges co●●it therein from venoming and moulding likewise oyle being powred vppon wine or anie other liquor preserueth them from sowring or dying in that it keepeth away the ayre and excludeth all fumes which may cause putrifaction And so much the more I allow the vse thereof in that whether it be inwardly ministred or outwardly applyed it suppresseth the power of venome which may sometimes be ioyned with these woundes as we haue taught and that is the cause that I allowe the iudgement of those which cause hote oyle presently to be applied for it is verie wholesome partly because by relaxation it dissolueth the inward venome of euill humours and partly in that it defendeth the hollownesse of the wound from the violence of the aire which thing aboue the rest is to be heeded That the wound be not long open but so soone as may be it be couered and that the aire is altogether subiect to putrifaction it is manifest to those whiche set anie kinde of pippins and stoppe the same verie close with lut um sapientiae as they tearme it that no aire breake in and bury it in a p●t so these fruits being kept from the aire cannot rot or putrifie but are taken out againe as freshe and sound as they were when they were put in the which things I haue spoken by the way to proue that manie were cured by medicines and not by enchantmentes as the common people iudge although that some vse them not with reason it is agreeable to reason yet I would not haue anie man thinke that I haue written this to defend the qua●re●● of the E●pericks which sticke not to crie cunning on the verie bodie and life of man and as the prouerbe saith by breaking of a pot to proue the potters craft but I iudge rather such to be rooted out for through their ignorance rashnesse it comes to passe y t Phisick which otherwise is highly to be praysed is condēned despised But that we digresse not far frō our purpose to my iudgment it seemeth profitable to poure into such w●unds made by shot by by the compound oyle of the Misselto of the Apple tree or the oyle of the flowers of Mulleyn or of Hypericon or of eggs the making of which you shall finde in our Antidotare of gunshot and such the Chyrurgion ought to haue in a readinesse For they greatly preuaile to mollifie and asswage paine and are verie profitable to cure su●h kindes of woundes But when these are not at hand you may vse the oyle of Elders which is highly commended of Ioubertus an expert Phisition or y ● oyle of Lynseed or of Eggs or of wormes or Lyles or Cham●mill or of Turpentine and in case anie man be destitue of all those let him take warme butter or Turpentine and annoynt the clothes or lynt with the oyntment following Vnguentum Magistrale Take of Goates suet of Colophonie of ech ℥ iii. of the marrow of the legges of Oxen and oesepi humidi of eche ℥ ii ss of freshe butter ℥ ii of the iuice of Selondme and centuary of ech ℥ i. of the oyle of Ware and of Misselto of eche as much as suffiseth to make an oyntment take of this oyntment ℥ iii. of Mercurie Precipitat sweetned and prepared after our maner and of Crocus Veneris right prepared of ech ʒ iii. and mixe them together and annoynt therewith the Plegettes and Tents if the vse of them be necessarie The powders ought to be prepared in a redinesse the which the richer sorte may carie about them in a boxe and if the foresayd oyntment be not at hand you may verie well mixe them with freshe butter and make thereof a broad plaister that may couer the sides also of the wound and the lint is to be wet with simple Oxirhodino made with vineger and the oyle of Roses and of Miselto and the partes farre of must bee defended with this oyntment following Take Bole Armoniack sanguis Draconis red corrall and ℥ ss croci martisʒ ii baccharum myrthiʒ i. ss oyle of Roses Omphacine ℥ iiii vineger of Roses ℥ ii waxe ℥ i. ss so make thereof a lynament In the meane while this one thing is chiefly to be obserued in rowling of suche woundes that the rowle be not so lose that the medicines sagg from the wound neyther it bee so hard that it be grieuous and so draw fluxes of humours and sometime impostumation and at the last Gangrena and Canker as Celsus sometime hath seene happen we therefore must giue our indeuors that in auoyding the discommodities of the one we may reape the commodities of the other and in the meane space let the linnen cloth be oft made moyst with Oxyrhodino and the dressing renewed after xii houres except through the cutting of some great vaine or arterie we feare bleeding a fresh The which if it chance to happen aboue measure it must presently be seene to and staied which may well be brought to passe by the applying and taking of these medicines following but yet I would not haue it staied vntill such time as a reasonable quantitie of bloud is issued An oyntment to stay bloud Take Crocus Martis finely reuerberated Crocus Veneris of eche ℥ ii let them be tempered with the oyle of Visci pomorum and make thereof an oyntment it is to be wondered at to see y e strength of this medicine in stopping bloud and doth moreouer reduce the wound to a better state digest the superfluous humors strengthneth the member and greatly withstandeth putrifaction Another Take Crocus Martis ℥ i. the lyme o● Eggeshels and Colchotar of ech ℥ ss the ashes of Frogs burnt ʒ ii mixe them with the oyle of visci pomorum Another easily to be made and of no lesse vertue Eake Colchotar prepared with vineger ℥ ii the ashes of snayles ℥ ss fresh butter ℥ iiii make thereof an oyntment or mixe them with the white of an egge Moreouer in great fluxe of bloud it were good to vse this or the like drinke following For the wealthier Take Crocus Martis and the essence of corrall of ech ℈ i. and make thereof a potion with the water of spermatis ranarum or of Roses For common souldiers approued Take Crocus Martis prepared after our maner ℈ i. the lyme of