by the Spaniard in the beginning of those wars it was again recovered by some venturous Gentlemen who hiding themselves in a Boat covered over with Turf were conveyed into the Castle which they easily mastered and made the Prince Lord of it again After re-taken by the Spaniard anno 1625. but now in the possession of its naturall owners 6. Diest on the River Dennere a good town and of a large territory and jurisdiction belonging to the Prince of Orange who had it in exchange for some other lands of the Duke of Cleve and in right hereof is Burgrave of the City of Antwerp 7. Grinbergen an ancient Baronie with a large jurisdiction descendible on the youngest sonne onely after the manner of Burgh English as our Lawyers call it 8. Gertrudenberg standing on the Douge not far from the influx of it into the Maes the furthest town in the North of Brabant where it joyns to Holland which makes it a matter of dispute betwixt those Provinces to which of them it doth belong A town of great trade for fishing plenty of Salmons and Sturgeons being taken here but of Shads especially whereof 18000 are sometimes caught in a day salted and sent abroad into forain parts It acknowledgeth the Prince of Orange for the Lord thereof as doth also 9. Grave a good town upon the Maes bought by these Princes of the King of Spain with consent of the States without whose approbation no part of the Domain is to be dismembred 10. Maestreicht in Latine Trajectum ad Mosam so called of a ferry over the Maes in former times supplyed now with a goodly Stone bridge in the place thereof A fair and goodly town beautified with two Collegiate Churches in one of which the Dukes of Brabant were alwayes Canons subject in part to the Bishop of Leige and partly to the Duke of Brabant The children are subject to that Prince to whom the Mother was subject at the tim◠〈◊〉 the Birth without relation to the Father according to that Maxime of the Civill Law 〈◊〉 sequitur ventrem And if a stranger come to live there he must declare to which of the two he will be subject yet is the Duke of Brabant the chief Soveraign of it he only having the power of Coynage and of granting pardon to Offenders and as a town of this Dukedome besieged and taken by the confederate States Anno 1632. Here is also within the limits of this Dukedome the town and Signeurie of Ravesiem situate on the banks of the Maes held by the Dukes of Cleve of the Duke of Brabant but no otherwise subject and on the same River the Town and County of Horn a Fief Imperiall beautified with a strong Castle and a goodly Territory in which is Wiert the residence of the Earls of Horne descended of the ancient house of Montmorencie in France 2. THE MARQVISATE OF THE EMPIRE so called because the farthest bounds and Marches of the German Empire frontizing on Flanders which appertained unto the Soveraignty of the Crown of France comprehendeth four of the best Towns in Brabant with very large and spacious Territories adjoyning to them viz. 1. Lovain on the River Dyle about four English miles in compasse but in that compasse much of the ground is taken up with Vineyards Gardens Meadowes and pleasant Fields which make the situation far more delightfull then if all built and peopled It was the Mother town of Brabant and sometimes gave the title of an Earl to the Dukes hereof afterwards made an University by Duke John the 4. anno 1426 wherein are contained about 20 Colledges such as they be much priviledged and inriched with pensions for publick Readers by King Philip the 2. 2. Brussels Bruxella the seat of the ancient Dukes of Brabant and of the Dukes of Burgundie also after they came to be Lords of these Countries seated upon the Sinne and other sweet springs and Riverets which make it one of the sweetest situations in all Europe having withall a goodly channell made by Art from Brussels to the River Dele and from thence to the Scheld the charge whereof amounted to â—00000 Crowns It is of the same compasse with Lovain the buildings sumptuous and the town very rich not only in regard that it is the ordinary seat of the Prince or his Regent and of the Chancery for all Brabant and the Dutchy of Limbourg but in regard of the rich Manufactures of Armour and Cloth of Arras of Silk Gold and Silver which are there industriously pursued 3. Nivello on the borders of Hainalt in a very rich and fruitfull soil remarkable for the abundance of fine Linnen which is therein made but most of all for a very rich Nunnery or rather Nurserie of noble Ladies of the same nature with those of Mentz and others before described 4. Antwerp situate in a goodly plain on the River Scheld above 17 leagues from the Sea but furnished with eight Channels cut out of the River for the transport of Commodities one of the which is capable of 100 great Ships the private buildings very handsome but the publick sumptuous the chief whereof were weckoned the Church of Nostre Dame the Bourse the Town-house and the house of the Easterlings or Eastern Merchants well peopled and of so great Trade in the former times that it was held to be the richest Empory of the Christian world the commodities here bought and sold amounting to more in time moneth then that of Venice in two years The causes of which sudden growth and increase of Trading are said to be these 1. The two Marts holden here every year either of them during six weeks in which time no mans person could be arrested or his goods distrained 2. The King of Portugall having in the yeer 1503. diverted the course of Merchandise from Alexandria and Venice to the City of Lisbon kept here his Factories and sent hither his Spices and other Indian Commodities for which cause the Merchants in the yeer 1516. forsook Bruges in Flanders and setled here And 3. many of the Nobility and Gentry during the long and bloudy wars betwixt France and Spain forsook their Country houses and repaired hither by means whereof Antwerp in a very little time grew bigger by 3000 houses then it had been formerly But as the growth hereof was sudden so the fall was sensibler occasioned through the yoking of it with a Citadell by the Duke of Alva which made Merchants afraid to resort any longer thither as a place of little freedome and lesse security but chiefly by blocking up the Haven and intercepting the trade at Sea by the more powerfull Hollanders which hath removed this great traffick to Amsterdam and other towns of their Country So that now the chief support of it is the reputation which it hath of being an Imperiall City the place of receipt for the Kings Revenues and a Bishops See founded here in the yeer 1559. which draweth hither some resort of Lawyers and Church-men 3.
the Lombards the foundation of the houses of Free-stone the rest of Bricks built with Arched Cloysters towards the street under which one may walk dry in the greatest rain A City honoured with many Palaces of the neighbouring Nobles the chief University of Italy and the retiring place of the Popes The Civill Law is much studied here insomuch that from hence proceeded the famous Clvilians Johannes Andreas Azâ— Bartolus and Socinâ—s I believe they have built Castles in the air which ascribe the founding of this University to Theodosius the 2d. The Charter of this foundation dated Ano. 423. is an idle and foolish thing For there it is said that at the institution there were present Gualter Earl of Poictiers Embassador for the King of England and Baldwin Earl of Flanders for the King of France when at that time neither those Earldoms or those Kingdoms were in rerum natura It is fituate on the river Aposa and was by former Writers called Felsina Neer unto this Town in a Demy-Iland called Forcelli was that meeting between Augustus Antony and Lepidus wherein they agreed on the Triumvirate dividing the Empire and City of Rome among themselves Which combination was confirmed by the ensuing Proscription wherein that they might be revenged on Cicero Lepidus proscribed his Brother Antonius his Uncle 2. Rimini antiently called Ariminum seated on the mouth of the River Rubicon which in those times divided Italie from Gaule upon the bank whereof neer unto this Town there was an old Marble Pillar having on it a Latine Inscription to this purpose viz. Leave here thy Colours and lay down thine Arms and pass not with thy Forces beyond the Rubicon whosoever goeth against this command let him be held an Enemy to the people of ROME Which Rule when Caesar had transgressed and surprized this City he so frighted Pompey and his faction that they abandoned Italie and Rome it self and withdrew themselves into Epirus It is said that Caesar dreamed the night before that he carnally knew his own Mother whereby the South-sayers gathered that he should be Lord of Rome which was the common Mother of them all Which dream and severall prodigies happening at the same time with it did so incourage him in his enterprize that he is said at the passing over Rubicon to have said these words Eamus quo nos Divâ—m monita c. Let us go whether the sins of our Enemies and the prodigies of the Gods do call us In memory of which venturous but fortunate action he caused a monument to be erected in this City with his name and Titles It was antiently a Roman Colony and in the bustles happening betwixt the Pope and the Emperor was seized on by the Malatesti as Bononia was by the Bentivoli two potent Families of these parts who held them in defiance of the Powers of Rome till they were reduced again unto the Church by Pope Julio the second 3. Cervia on the Adriatick Sea where there is made so much Salt that they furnish therewith all their neighbours of Marca Anconitana and a great part of Lombardie the Pope receiving for his Customes of this one commoditie no less than 60000. Crowns per annum 4. Furlii called of old Forum Livii one of the Towns belonging properly to the Exarchate of Ravenna seated in a very pleasant air and a fruitfull soyl betwixt two fresh streams of which the one is called Ronchus and the other Montonus 5. Faventia now called Faenza on the banks of Anemus a calm gentle River an antient City but well peopled much benesited by the Flax which groweth in the adjoyning fields and the Earthen Vessells which they vend to most parts of Italie It was first given unto the Popes by Desiderius the last King of the Lombards whom they but sorrily requited for so great a curtesie 6. Sarsina an old City seated at the foot of the Apennine the birth place of Plautus the Comaedian 7. Imola antiently called Forum Cornelii and 8. Cesena Cities both of them of no small Antiquity but this last the fairer built the better peopled and the more strongly fortified 9. Ravenna once beautified with one of the fairest Havens in the world and for that cause made the Road of one of the two Navies which Augustus kept always manned to command the whole Empire of Rome the other riding at Misenus in Campania This of Ravenna being in the upper Sea awed and defended Dalmatia Greece Crete Cyprus Asia c. the other at Misenus in the lower Sea protected and kept under France Spain Africk Aegypt Syria c. The walls of this City are said to have been built or repaired by Tiberius Caesar the whole Citie to have been much beautified by Theodoricus King of the Gothes who built here a most stately and magnificent Palace the ruins whereof are still easily discernable The private buildings are but mean the publick ones are of a grave but stately structure Of which the principall heretofore was the Church of S. Maries the Round whose roof was of one entire stone and honoured with the rich Sepulchre of the said King Theodorick which the souldiers in the sack of this City by the French pulled down together with the Church it self onely to get the Jewells and Medalls of it The principall at the present is the Church of S. Vitalis the pavement whereof is all of Marble and the walls all covered with precious stones of many sorts but unpolished as they were taken out of Mines which sheweth as well the magnificence as Antiquity of it The Patriarchs of this City in regard it was so long the Regall and Imperiall Seat have heretofore contended for precedency with the Popes themselves this City having been antiently the Metropolis of the Province called Flaminia afterwards honoured with the Seat of the Emperor Honorius and his successors next of the Gothish Kings then of the Exarchs and last of its Patriarchs And it was chosen for this purpose because of the plentifull Territory since covered with water and the conveniency of the Haven at this day choaked though lately by expence of a great deal of treasure the Fens about the City have been very much drained and the Bogs in some places turned to fruitfull Fields to the great benefit hereof both for health and pleasure As for the Exarchs who had their residence in this City they were no other than the Vice-Roys or Lieutenants of the Eastern Emperors Concerning which we are to know that the Kingdom of the Gothes in Italie was no sooner destroyed by Narses but the Lombards entred To give a stop to whose successes and preserve so much unto the Empire as was not already conquered by them it was thought good by Justine the second to send thither an Imperiall Officer of principall command and note whom he honoured with the title of Exarch His residence setled at Ravenna as standing most commodiously to hinder the incursions of the barbarous Nations and withall to receive such aids
it with Boats and Barges as the Thames Westward doth London the River ebbing and flowing no nigher than Pont del ' Arche 75 miles distant from the Citie We may divide it into four parts the Town the Citie the Universitie and the Suburbs La Ville or that part of it which is called The Town is situate on the North side of the River the biggest but poorest part of the four inhabited by Artizans and Tradesmen of the meaner sort In this part are the Hostell de Ville or the Guild-hall for the use of the Citizens the Arserall or Armory for the use of the King and that magnificent building called the Place Royall new built and beautified at the charges of King Henry the fourth for Tilts and Turraments and such solemnities of State And in this also neer the banks of the River stands the Kings Palace of the Bouvre a place of more fame than beauty and nothing answerable to the report which goes commonly of it A building of no elegance or uniformitie nor otherwise remarkable but for the vast Gallerie begun by King Henry the fourth and the fine Gardens of the Tuilleries adjoyning to it The City is that part of it which takes up the circumference of a little Iland made by the embracements of the Seine joyned to the other parts on both sides by several Bridges The Paris or Lutetia of the old Gauls was no more than this the Town on the one side and the Vniversity on the other being added since This is the richest part and best built of the whole Compositum And herein stand the Palace or Courts of Parliament the Chappel of the Holy Ghost and the Church of Nostre-dame being the Cathedral of antient times a Bishops See but of late raised unto the dignity of a Metropolitan On the South side of the River lyeth that part which is called the Vniversitie from an Vniversity here sounded by Charles the Great Anno 792. at the perswasion of Alcuinus an Englishman the Scholar of Venerable Bede and the first Professor of Divinity here It consisteth of 52 Colleges or places for study whereof 40. are of little use and in the rest the Students live at their own charges as in the Halls at Oxon or Inns of Court or Chancery at London there being no endowment laid unto any of them except the Sorbonne and the College of Navarre Which possiblie may be the reason why the Scholars here are generally so debauched and insolent a ruder rabble than the which are hardly to be found in the Christian World Sensible of this mischief and the cause thereof Francis the first whom the French call the Father of the Muses at the perswasion of Reuchline and Budaeus those great restorers of the Greek and Hebrew Languages intended to have built a College for 600 Students and therein to have placed Professours for all Arts and Sciences endowing it with 50000 Crowns of yeerly Revenue for their constant maintenance But it went no further than the purpose prevented by the inevitable stroak of death from pursuance of it In bigness this is little inferiour to the Town or Ville and not superiour to it for wealth or beauty few men of any wealth and credit affecting to inhabit in a place of so little Government The 4th and last part is the Suburbs or the Faux-bourgs as the French call them the principal whereof is that of S. Germans so called from an antient Abbie of that name the best part of the whole body of Paris for large Streets sweet Air choyce of the best Companie magnificent Houses pleasant Gardens and finally all those contentments which are wanting commonly in the throngs of most populous Cities Here are also in this Isle the Royal house of Madrit a retiring place of the Kings built by King Francis the first at his return from his imprisonment in Spain 2 Ruall a sweet Countrie house of the late Queen Mothers and 3 Boys de Vincennes remarkable for the untimely death of our Henry the fifth I add this only and so end That this Isle hath alwayes followed the fortune of the Crown of France never dismembred from the Soveraigntie of the same though sometimes out of the possession of the French Kings as when the English kept it against Charles the 7th and the Leagners against Henry the 4th A thing which hardly can be said of any other of the Provinces of this flourishing Countrie the French Kings of the race of Merovee and Charles the great alienating from the Crown many goodly Territories contented only with a bare and titularie Homage from them By meanes whereof more than three parts of the whole Kingdom was shared first amongst the great Princes of the French which afterwards by inter-mariages and other Titles fell into the hands of strangers most of them enemies of this Crown and jealous of the Grandour and power thereof Which kept the French Kings generally very low and poor till by Arms Confiscations Mariages and such other meanes they reduced all these Riverets to their first and originall Channel as shall be shewen in the pursuance of this work CHAMPAGNE CHAMPAGNE is bounded on the North with Picardie on the South with the Dukedom of Burgundie and some part of the Countie on the East with Lorrein on the West with France specially so called The Countrie for the most part very plain and pleasant whence it had the name adorned with shadie Woods and delectable Meadows fruitful in Corn and not deficient in Wines The Seat in elder times of the Trieasses Catelauni Rhemi the Lingones and Senones of which last Tribe or Nation were those Cisalpine Gaules who sacked Rome under the conduct of Brennus part of them Celts and part Belgians and so accordingly disposed of the Belgians into the Province of Belgica Secunda the Metropolis whereof was Rhemes the Celts into Lugdunensis quarta of which the Metropolis was Sens both Cities seated in this Countrie The chief Rivers of it Bloise Marne and Yonne Chief places of the whole are 1 Chalon on the River Marne an Episcopal See Suffragan to the Arch-Bishop of Rhemes called antiently Civitas Catalaâ—norum 2 Join Ville situate on the same River belonging to the house of Guise the eldest Sonne of which Familie is called Prince of Joinville in the Castle whereof seated upon an high and inaccessible Hill is to be seen the Tomb of Clande the first Duke of Guise the richest Monument of that kind in all France A Baronie which hath belonged to the house of Lorrein ever since the yeer 1119. when Thierry the Sonne of William Baron of Joinville succeeded his two Vncles Godfrey and Baldwin in that Dukedom 3 Pierre-Fort defended with a Caste of so great strength that in the civil Wars of France A. 1614. it endured 1100 shot of Cannon and yet was not taken 4 Vassey upon the River Bloise a Town of as sweet a situation as most in France These three last scituate in that part of Champagne
morrow after this overthrow he was condemned to lose his Head but pardoned at last on condition that he should ransomlesse set free Marquesse Albert of Brandenbourg renounce his dignity of the Electorship resigne up all his inheritance with the like harsh Articles It was also urged that he should alter his Religion but that he so constantly denyed that it was omitted For his after maintenance there were rendred back unto him the towns of Weymar and Goth from the former of which his Posterity are now called Dukes of Saxon-Weymar After this Victory the Emperour fraudulently intrapped the Lantgrave then marched he against the Cities in all which he prevailed restored the Masse and drave them to hard composition for their liberties It was thought that in this war the Emperour got 1600000 Crowns and 500 peeces of Ordinance The Imprisonment of the Lantgrave contrary to the Emperours promise was the chief thing which overthrew his good fortune For Duke Maurice having pawned his word and given unto the Lantgraves children his Bond for the safe return of their Father found himself much wronged and grieved therefore consulting with Baron Hedeck he entred league with the French King associated himself with Marquesse Albert of Brandenbourg suddenly surprised Auspurg and by the terrour which his haste brought with it forced the Emperour to flie from Inspruch and the Fathers to break up the Councell of Trent The Emperour now brought low easily hearkned to an honourable Composition which not long after was concluded the Cities recovering their Priviledges free passage being given to the Reformation and all things else reduced to the same state they were in before the wars the restoring of John-Frederick to his Dukedom and Electorship excepted only So did this Duke Maurice both overthrow the liberty of his Country and restore it so was the work of Reformation by his means depressed by the same again revived and established stronger then ever Thus we see that of the Poet verified Vel nemo vel qui mihi vulnera fecit Solus Achillaeo tollere more potest None but the man which did his Country wound Achilles-like could heal and make it sound It is observed by some that the deprivation of John Frederick and the advancement of Maurice fell out very happily for the confirming of the Reformation then contended for First in regard of John Frederick whose Christian patience and Magnanimity during the whole time of his imprisonment added great reputation to the cause for which he he suffered 2 In respect of Duke Maurice who was a man of far greater parts to advance the work and every way as zealous in pursuance of it as the other was And 3 In relation to the children of the deprived Duke men not to be relied on in a matter of such weight and moment insomuch as it was said of him after his decease Quod filios reliquerit sui dissimillimos But to return unto my story The doctrine of Luther thus setled in Germany and being so agreeable to the Word of God was quickly propagated over all Christendome the reasons of which next unto the Almighty power of the most High may be principally six 1 The diligence and assiduity of preaching in City and Village 2 The publishing of books of Piety and Christian Religian 3 The translations of the Scriptures into the vulgar languages whereby the simple might discern good from bad the muddy doctrine of Rome from the clear water of life 4 The education of youth especially in Catechismes which contained the whole body of Christian religion which once well planted in their mindes was irradicable 5 The continuall offers of disputations with the adverse party in a publick audience which being denyed gave assurance of the truth and soundnesse of the one side as of the falshood and weaknesse of the other 6 Their compiling of Martyrologies and Histories of the Church which cannot but work an admirable confirmation of Faith and constancy in the hearers and readers There is one only policy wanting namely the calling of a generall Synod to compose the differences of the reformed Church about the Sacrament and Predestination which would certainly strengthen their own cause and weaken the enemies whose chief hopes are that the present disagreements will arme party against party to their own destruction But God grant that their hopes may be frustrated and we will say with the Poet Haemanus Trojam erigent Parvas habet spes Troja si tales habet Shall these small jarres restore the ruin'd Pope Small hope he hath if this be all his hope But it is time we should proceed to the story of Saxony the ancient inhabitants of which tract were the Longobardi or Lombards of Magdeburg and part of the Cherusci about Mansteld and Wirtenberg Overcome by the prevailing Saxons they became part of their name and Country which in the full extent thereof was once far greater then now it is containing all the Countries betwixt the Rhene and the River Eydore in the Cimbrick Chersonesse and from the River Saltza to the German and Baltick Oceans These said by some to be a People of Asia and there called the Sacae who finding that small territory now a part of Persia too narrow for them forsook their Country and at last fixed themselves in the Cimbrick Chersonesse where they first took the names of Pasaeasons or Sac-sons that is to say the â—ons of the Sacae The improbality of this we have there disputed Omitting therefore that and the like Originations of them I conceive them for my part to be naturall Germans some tribe of that most populous and potent people of the Suevi but for the reason of the name let every man enjoy the pleasure of his own opinion Certain I am that in Ptolemies time they were possessed of those parts beyond the Elb thence extended to the Eydore part of which tract is now known by the name of Holstein and were accounted in that time to be no new-comers Afterwards as they grew in number they inlarged their quarters and passing over the Elb in the time of the latter Roman Emperours possessed themselves of the void places which were left by the French then busied in the conquest of more fruitfull Countries communicating their name to all the Nations which they overcame as the French had formerly done before them So that in fine they took up the now Dukedomes of Holstein Lunenbourg and Brunswick the Bishopricks of Bremen Verda Hildersheim Halberstad and Magdeburg the old Marches of Brandenbourg the Earldome of Mansfield Wesiphalen both Friselands Overyssell with as much of Guelderland and Holland as lay on that side of the Rhene By which account the present Electorall Family hath not one foot of the old Saxony in their possession the seat and Patrimony of the Electors being removed into other Countries upon the alterations and changes which have hapned in that estate the name and title of Saxony being given to the Country about Wittenberg for no
to his estate 8. Mango Cham to whom Haiton an Armenian Prince and the chief Compiler of the Tartarian History went for ayd against the Caliph of Bagdt By whose perswasion the said Mango Cham is said to have been christned with all his houshold and many nobles of both sexes 9. Cublay Cham the sonne of Mango 10. Tamor Cham the Nephew of Cablay by his sonne Cingis 11. Demâ—r Cham the great Cham of Cathay in the year 1540 or thereabouts What the names of the Chams are who have since reigned we cannot learn nor what memorable acts have been done among them The great distance of Countries and difficulty of the journey have hindred further discoveries For the great Cham and his next neighbour the King of China will neither suffer any of their subjects to travell abroad nor permit any foreiners to view their dominions or enter into them unless either Embassadours or Merchants and those but sparingly and under very great restraints to avoid all giving of intelligence touching their affairs The government is tyrannicall the great Cham being Lord of all and in his tongue besides which they have almost no laws consisteth the power of life or death He is called by the simple vulgar the shadow of spirits and sonne of the immortall God and by himself is reputed to be the Monarch of the whole world For this cause every day assoon as he hath dined he causeth his trumpets to be sounded by that sign giving leave to the other Kings and Princes of the earth to go to dinner A fine dream of universal Monarchy At the death of the Cham the seven chief Princes assemble to crown his sonne whom they place on a black coarse cloth telling him if he reign well heaven shall be his reward if ill he shall not have so much as a corner of that black cloth to rest his body on then they put the crown on his head and kissing his feet swear unto him fealty and homage And at the funerall of these great Monarchs they use to kill some of his guard-Soudiers whereof he hath 12000 in continuall pay saying unto them Itâ— domino nostro seâ—vâ—â—e in â—â—ia vita Paulus Venetus reporteth that at the obsequies of Manâ—o Cham no fewer than 10000 were slain on this occasion There Chams are for the most part severe justicers and punish almost every small fact with sudden death but theft especially Insomuch that a man in Cambalu taking a paâ—l of milk from a womans head and beginning to drink thereof upon the womans out-cry was apprehended and cut a sunder with a sword so that the blood and the milk came out together Nor are Adultery or lying punished with less than death and so ordained to be by the lawes of Cingis their first Emperour a wiser man than possibly could be expected from so rude a Countrey and of so little breeding in the knowledge of books or business the Tartars being utterly without the use of letters till the conquest of the Huyri a Cathaian nation but of Christian faith What forces the Great Chams in the height of their power were able to draw into the field may be conjectured at by the Army of Tamerlaâ—e consisting of 1200000 horse and foot as was said before And looking on them as confined within Cathar we shall find them not inferiour to the greatest Princes For Cublaâ— Cham long after the division of this great estate which was made by Tamerlane had in the field against Naian his Unkle and one Caidu who had then rebelled an Army of 100000 foot and 360000 horse there being 500000 horse on the other side Which made almost a million of men in both Armies And this is probable enough if report be true touching the Chams of Zagathay and those of â—urchestan before reduced under the obedience of the other of which the first is said to have been able to raise 300000 horse and the last an hundred thousand more For standing forces he maintaiâ—s 12000 horse distributed amongst four Captains for the guard of his person besides which he hath great forces in every Province and within four miles of every City ready to come upon a call if occasion be so that he need not fear any outward invasion and much less any homebred rebellions Of the Revenues of the Cham I can make no estimate but may conclude them to be what he list himself he being the absolute Lord of all the Subject without any thing he can call his own But that which ordinarily doth accrew unto him is the tenth of wooll Silk hemp coâ— and Cattel Then doth he draw into his own hands all the gold and silver which is brought into the Countrey which he causeth to be melted and preserved in his treasurie imposing on his people instead of money in some places Cockle-shels in others a black coin made of the bark of trees with his stamp upon it And besides this hath to himself the whole trade of Pearl-fishing which no body upon pain of death dare fish for but by leave from him So that his Treasury is conceived to be very rich though his Annual in-come be uncertain or not certainly known And so much for Tartary OF CHINA CHINA is bounded on the East with the Orientall Ocean on the West with India on the North with Tartary from which separared by a continued chain of hills part of those of Ararat and where that chain is broken off or interrupted with a great wall extended 400 Leagues in length built as they say by Tzaintzon the 117th King hereof and on the South partly with Cauâ—hin-China a Province of India partly with the Ocean It was called antiently Sine or Sinarum Regio by which name it is still called at the present by our modern Lâ—â—inistâ— and from whence that of China seems to be derived By Paulus Venetâ—s called Mangi by the neighbouring Countries Sanglai by the natives Taine and Taybinâ—o which last signifies no other than a Realm or by way of excellence the Realm By the Arabians it is called Tzinin and the inhabitants call themselves by the name of â—angis It is said to contain in circuit 69516 Dâ—ez of China measure which reduced to our Europaean measure will make a compass in the whole of 3000 Leagues the length thereof extended from the borders of India to Colâ—m one of the Northern Provinces of this Continent 1800 Leagues But they that say so speak at randome For besides that 1800 Leagues in length must needs carry a greater compass than 3000 Leagues they make it by this reckoning to be bigger than Europe which I think no sober man will granâ— And answerable to this vast compass it is said also to contain no fewer than 15. Provinces every one of which is made to be of a greater Continenâ—â—han the greatest Realm we know in Europe Yet not a Continent of wast ground or full of unhabitable Desarâ—s as in other places but full of goodly Towns and Cities The names of which
hereof according unto which we must here describe it it comprehendeth the three Countries called antiently Aethiopia Sub Aegypto Trogloditica and Regio Cinnamomifera Of these the two last are by some reckoned but as parts of the first though certainly the Troglodites were a different Nation from the Aethiopians For past all doubt the Troglodites were Originally an Arabian people so called quia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 subeunt from their living in Caves and dens in which respect their part of this Country had the name of Arabia Trogloditica in Dioscorides and some others of the Ancient Writers Of these it is affirmed by Pomponius Mela that they were not the Masters of any wealth and that their speech was rather a gnashing of the teeth then any articulate and intelligible Pronunciation Nullarum opum Domini sunt Trogloditae strident magis quam loquuntur As for their houses they were saith he no better then Caves and their food then Serpents With whom concurreth Plinie also for their dwelling in Caves and consequently for the reason of the name saying positively Trogloditae speluncas excavant Called for the same reason in the holy Scripture 2 Chron. 12. 3. by the name of Succhaei the word Succoth whence that name derived not only signifying in the Hebrew Tents or Tabernacles but Caves and Dens and so translated Psal 10. v. 9. and Job 38. v. 40. As for that part hereof which was called Regio Cinnamomifera taking up the Southern parts in the time of Ptolomy it took that name from the abundance of Cinnamon which was then growing by it now not a tree of it to be found in all this Country as the Portugals who have looked narrowly for it have affirmed unto us Shipped at Mosylon a noted Emporie placed by Ptolomy in the ninth degree of Northern Latitude it was thence transported into Egypt and other Countries as is said by Plinie Portus Mosylitus quo Cinnamomum devehitur the Spice in some Authors being called Mosulum by the name of the Town 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of Cinnamon the best is that which is called Mosulon because brought from the City of that name in Aethiopia saith Simeon Sethi in his Tract de Facultatibus Ciborum As for this Cinnemâ—n I note this only by the way it is the inner bark of a Tree as big as an Olive with Leaves like Bay leaves the drying of which maketh it roll together and every three years is renewed and stripped off again Some think it came first from the Sinae or the Country which the Romans called Sinarum Regio the Moderns China and that it was so called quasi Sinae Amomum the Amomum of the Sinae Amomum being the name of a sweet perfume growing in Assyria and Armenia But then it should be written Sinamomum and not Cinnamomum yet to give the greater credit to the former opinion they of Ormus call it Barâ— Chinae or the wood of China But of this enough To go on therefore unto Aethiopia it self The people of it in old times were said to have been great Astrologers the first ordainers also of sacred Ceremonies and in both to be Tutors to the Egyptians They were also noted to be very good Archers and to draw the longest and strongest Bowes of any Nation the Persian Bow though those the greatest of all Asia being only three Cubits long but these of Aethiopia four Utuntur etiam Aethiopes quatuor cubitorum arcubus as we read in Strabo the like is said also by Herodotus and Diodorus Their Arrows small but strong for the most part poisoned Aethiopum geminata venenis Vulnera as we find in Claudian and for that inhumanity very much condemned But not to spend our time too much upon these particulars Pliny reciteth two strange things of this Country 1. That the Air and ground are so patching hot that the people not only dare not go out of doors without shooes but that they rost their meat also by setting it in the Sun 2. That there is a Lake whose waters are thrice a day and thrice a night exceeding salt and unpleasing but at all other times most sweet and delicate to the palate This Country being as big as Germany France and Italy laid together is but meanly populous the distemperature of the Climate and the dry barrenness of the ground not admitting a multitude For this cause Africk is by Strabo compared to a Leopards skin the distance of whose spots sheweth the dispersedness of the towns and habitations in those torrid countries A Country scarce in Wheat but sufficiently plentiful in Rice Barley Beans Pease and the like they have abundance of Sugars Minerals of all sorts and infinite herds of Oxen Sheep Goats Finally there is no Country under heaven fitter for increase of Plants and Living creatures if industry were not deficient But in regard of this defect they are destitute of many necessary things which otherwise the natural commodities of the Country would supply them with For they have here great store of Flax but make no Cloth plenty of Vines yet make no wine except it be to serve the palaces of the King and the Patriarch Abundance of Sugar canes and Mines of Iron but know not how to make use of either unto any advantage Rivers and Brooks in many places but will not take the pains to dig Channels or trenches to derive their waters to the rest of the land which want them those Rivers almost choaked with Fish their Woods crammed with Venison which they trouble not themselves to catch By this we may conjecture somwhat of the people also Lazie and given unto their ease ill-clothed and not much better housed extremely inclined to Barbarism destitute of all learning not to be credited unless they swear by the life of their Emperours they hate a Smith equally with the Devil their colour is generally olive-tawny excepting only their King himself who is always of a white complexion a wonderful prerogative if true This blackness of their bodies by the Poet attributed to the burning of the world by Phaeton Sanguine tum credunt in corpora summa vocato Aethiopum populos nigrum traxisse colorem Which may be thus Englished Their blood it's thought drawn from the outward part The Aethiopians grew so black and swart But the true cause hereof whatsoever it be may perhaps be looked upon hereafter when we come to America The Christian faith was first made known in this Country by the Eunuch of Queen Candace who was baptized by Philip the Evangelist and one of the Seven more generally imbraced by the pains and preaching of S. Matthew the Apostle hereof but not totally propagated over all this Empire till the reign of Abraham An. 470. who in his life entituled himself the Defender and Propagator of the Religion of CHRIST and after his death was generally honoured as a Saint Suppressed in part by the coming in of the Abasenes and other Arabians it was again revived and more universally received
as he telleth us out of any esteem which themselves had of it but therewith to provide themselves of Forreign aids and pay their Armies when the necâ—ssâ—â—es of their affairs or other reason of State did require the same How this device would sort with the humours of those People whom Lucian antiently did Fable and some of later times more 〈◊〉 do fancy to have their dwelling in the Moon I am not able to say as having hitherto had no commâ—â—ce nor correspondence with the Inhabitants thereof though possibly I may endeavour it in the end of this Book and finde it to sort well enough with their condition Certain I am this sublunary World of ours will never brook it And so I leave it and look back again on the Mines of Peru the extraordinary plenty of gold and silver which those and the rest of the New world have furnished the old World withall being conceived by many knowing and judicious men to be the cause of the dearness of all commodities at the present times compared unto the cheapness of the times foregoing for where much is there greater prices will be given then in other places And yet there want not some that add also other causes of the high prizes of our days viz. Monopolies Combinations of Merchanâ—s and Crafâ—â—men transportation of Grain pleasure of great personages the excess of private 〈…〉 the like but these last I rather taâ—e to be con-causes the first being indeed the principal For aâ— that excellent Sir Henry Savil hath it in the end of his notes on Tacitus the excessive abundance 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 things which consist meerly on the constitution of men draweth necessarily 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 those things which nature requireth to an higher rate in the Market Captá ab Augusto Alexandra faith Orosius Roma in tantum opibus ejus crevit ut dupla majora quam antehac rerum venalium pâ—â—tia statuerentur As for that question whether of the two Kingdoms be happier that which supplâ—â—th it self with money by Traffick and the works of Art or that which is supplied by Mâ—nes growing as the gift of nature I finde it by this tale in part resolved Two Merchants departing from Spain to get gold touched upon part of Barbary where the one buyeth Moors to dig and 〈◊〉 with the other fraughteth his vessell with sheep and being come to the Indies the one finding Mines set his slaves to work and the other hapning in grassie ground put his sheep to grazing The Maves grown cold and hungry call for food and cloathing which the sheep-master by the increase of his stock had in great abundanceâ— so that what the one got in gold with â—oil charges and hazard both of 〈…〉 and health he gladly gave unto the other in exchange or Bartery for the continual supply of 〈◊〉 Clothes and other necessaries for himself and his servants In the end the Mines being exhaustâ—d and all the money thence arising exchanged with the Shepherd for such necessaries as his wants 〈◊〉 home comes the Shepherd in great triumph with abundance of wealth his Companion bâ—â—nging nothing with him but the Tale of his travels But I dare not take upon me to determine this poâ—â—t Only I add that the English and the Hollanders by the benefit of their Manufactures and continual Traffick did in conclusion weary the late King of Spain King Philip the second and out-vied him as it were in wealth and treasure notwithstanding his many Mines of Gold and silver in Barbary India Mexicana Guinea some in Spain and Italy and these of Peruana which now we handle and which have given occasion unto this Discourse or Digression rather It is now time to take a view of the People also affirmed to be for the most part of great simplicity yet some of them those specially which lie neer the Aequator to be great dissemblers and never to discover their conceptions freely Ignorant of Letters but of good courage in the Wars well sâ—illed in managing such weapons as they had been used to and fearless of death the rather prompted to this last by an old opinion held amongst them that in the other world they shall eat and drink and make love to Women And therefore commonly at the Funeral of any great person who was attended â—â— in his life they use to kill and bury with him one or more of his servants to wait upon him after death in the manner or their living much like the Jews but not in habit conform therein to the other Saâ—â—ges but that those cover their upper parts with some decent garment and leave the other Members 〈◊〉 But this is only neer the Aequator both Sexes elswhere wearing Mantles to their very Heels habited in one fashion over all the Country except the dressing of their heads wherein scarce any one doth agree with another but hath his fashion to himself The Women less esteemed here then in other places treated as Slaves and sometimes cruelly beaten upon slight occasions the men as S. Paul saith of the ancient Gentiles leaving the natural use of the woman and burning in their lusts towards one another For which it God delivered them into the hands of the Spaniards they received that recompenâ—e which was meet Rivers of most note 1 S. Jago on the borders towards Popayana a River of a violent course and so great a depth that it is 180 Fathoms deep at the influx of it 2. Tombez opening into a fair and capacious Bav over against the Isle of Puna on the further side of the Aequator an Iland of twelve Leagues in compals and exceeding fruitfull 3 Guagaquil of a longer course then any of the other two and falling into Mare del Zur on the South of Tombez over against the Isle of Lobos No Iland after this of note upon all this Coast If any come in our way which runneth towards the East we shall meet with them in the view of the several Provinces and so we shall of the Hills or Mountains which are most considerable the Andes having been already touched on Take we now notice of the great Lake of Titicaca in which twelve Rivers are reported to lose themselves in compass 80 Leagues and usually Navigable with ships and barks The waters of it not so salt as those of the sea but so thick that no body can drink them yet on the banks of it many habitations as good as any in Peru. By a fair water course or River it passeth into a less Lake which they call Aulaga and thence most probably findeth a way into the Sea or else is swallowed in the Bowels of that thirsty earth but the first more likely It is divided commonly into three Juridical Resorts viz. of 1 Quito 2 Lima and 3 Charcos each having under it many several and subordinate Provinces too many and of too small note to be here considered We will therefore look upon the chief and of greatest reckoning 1 Quito 2
so called l. 3. 9. Their dwelling place 9. 193. the sum and substance of their affairs l. 3. 9. Augur and Aruspex how they differ l. 3. 137. whence they had their names ibid. Avi sinistra what it meaneth and the reason of it l. 3. 137. Aspendus Citharista a Proverb and the meaning of it l. 3. 36. Arvisian wines much celebrated l. 3. 36. in what place they grow ib. Amiclas silentium peâ—didâ—t a By-word and from whence it came l. 1. 65. Aulaea Tapestries why so called and by whom invented l. 3. 20. Adciatick Sea whence it had the name l. 1. 100. the great extent therof in some antient writers ib. 101. maried to the Duke of Venice every holy Thursday 101. Amyris insanit an old Proverb the meaning occasion of it l. 1. 61. Assassines who they were where l. 3. 19. and f. 53. thence the word Assassinate 〈◊〉 from whence so called l. â—â—36 47. of what severall nations they consisted 68. their affairs and story ib. Argon â—â—uts who they were and whence so denominated l. 3. 146. their expedition into 〈◊〉 ibid. Their return by land from Argoâ—â—es great ships of burden whence they had their name l. 2. 159. Aâ—cherie wâ—ere most practised in the elder times l. 〈◊〉 171. the excellency of the English at it 172. whether Guns or that to be preferred ib. Austrasia what provinces it contained when first made a Kingdom l. 2. 63. the story and Kings therof ibid. Africa whence it had the name l. 4. 1 2. the estate of Christianity in it how much decaied 2. the severall Languages therein spoken 3. The monstrous things reported of it by some of the Antients 2. Armenians in what points they differ from other Christians lib. 3. 142. how and by whom their Church is governed Alcoran the Book of the Mahemetan Law why so called lib. 3. 121. how highly reverenced ib. the doctrinals thereof c. reduced unto eight Commandements ibid. Amber where it groweth how gathered and the verrues of it l. 2. 172. America not known to the antients l 4. by whom first discovered 95. 97 the people of it not so black as the Africans 100. That they are descended from the Tartars 100. The estate of Christianity in it ibid. The ingenuity of the People in their Feather-pictures 101. Armadilla a strange beast in America the description of it 101. Australis Incognita the vast greatness of it l. 4. why not yet discovered 193. Aes Corinthium what it was how highly prized and how occasioned l. 2. 227. Anâ—râ—yram naviget a Proverb and to whom applyable lib. 2. 233. Anchorets whence so called l. 1. 93â— buried whilest alive ib. Abades a strange Beast the Rhinocerot of the Antients lib. 3. 224. Aloes a precious wood worth its weight in Silver l. 3. 240. Aloes Zocatrina from what place it comes l. 4. 84. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an old by-word the meaning of it l. 2. 258. Arroba a Spanish measure the content thereof l. 3. 129. B BAbel the attempt onely of some bold Adventurers and not of all the sons of Noah lib. 1. 17. the languages occasioned then not 72 in number as by some supposed 9. the stupendious greatness of the Project l. 3. 129. Burgundians why so called l. 1. 189. when first converted to the Faith ib. their Affaires and Story ibid. Beanfort why made the surname of the Children of Jâ—hn of Gaunt l. 1. 167. Bâ—shops coaeval in most places with Christianity l. 1. â—0 144. 147. 167. l. 2. 216. l. 3. 73. 112. l. 4. 6. c. how and why hated by the Biscaines l. 1. 222. and the ill consequents thereof ibid. 221. Belgae the valiantest of the Galls in the time of Caesar and for what reasons l. 2. 4. Baltick Sea why so called l. 2. 126. why it doth not eb and flow like to other Seas ib. Bel and Baal whence the names derived l. 3. 136. why that of Belzebub a name for the Prince of devils 85. Blind and Lame mentioned 2 Sa. 5. 6. what they were most probably l. 3. 94. Bdelium mentioned Gen. 2. 12. what conceived to be l. 3. 163. Belerophontis Literae a By-word the occasion of it l. 3. 26. Brachygraphie or the Art of short writing by whom first invented l. 4. 13. Bos in Lingua a Proverb the meaning and originall of it lib. 2. 228. Benedictines or Black Monks by whom instituted l. 1. 92. ib. their habit and increase ib. Black Friers or Dominicans by whom founded l. 1. 92. why so called ib. Bathes not permitted by the Emp. Adrian to be used promiscuously by both Sexes l. 2. 141. b. The inconvenience arising from that intermixture ibid. Bezar the soveraign nature of it l. 4. 101. found in the belly of a beast called the Vicague ibid. that of China and the East more excellent than that of America l. 3. 206. Brachmanes what they were amongst the Indians l. 3. 214 their authority and course of life 215. succeeded in the first by the modern Bramines 215. C CReation of the World and the Motives of it l. 1. 1. the concurrence of each person to it 3. The matter of it and the Method ib. how long since done 3. Chaos or first matter of the world expressed by Moses in the names of Heaven and Earth l. 1. 3. how described by Ovid ib. Cities by whom first built and on what design l. 1. 6. the causes of the greatness and magnificence of them 5. Climes what they be how many and how distinguished l. 1. 25. Commentaries what they properly are and how they differ from History l. 1. 21. Chronologies how they differ from Historie l. 1. 21. by whom best performed ib. Chorography what it is l. 1. 27. how it differeth from Geography ibid. Cosmography defined 28. the general Latitude of the Notion ib. Consuls when first ordained in Rome l. 1. 40. who the first Soâ—e Consul 10. when the office ended ibid. Caesar the name at first of the Roman Emperours l. 1. 45. after of the designed Successour ibid. the unfortunate end of most of them 46. Cardinals by whom first ordained l. 1. 89. the election of the Popes assigned to them only and by whose authority 125. Capuam esse Cannas Annibali a By-word and the occasion of it l. 1. 56. Campi Catalaunici where lib. 1. 184. Colonies why planted by the RomaÌ„s l. 1. 184. the number of them and how distributed ib. whether more usefull than a Fortress ibid. Constantine converted to the Faith and on what occasion l. 1. 47. his new Modelling of the Empire 48. Of which one of the chief Subverters 48. He cassed the Praetorian Guards 46. His Donation forged 89. Chersoneses what they are why so called and how many of them l. 2. 121. Christmass sports in Twelftide by whom first instituted l. 1. 274. Chus the son of Cham first planted in Arabia l. 1. 13. and 3. 116. His posterity the Châ—â—sites why call'd Aethiopians l. 3. 116.