Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	work_v	workman_n	workmanship_n	15	3	11.7951	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11922	The first booke of architecture, made by Sebastian Serly, entreating of geometrie. Translated out of Italian into Dutch, and out of Dutch into English; Tutte l'opere d'architettura. English	Serlio, Sebastiano, 1475-1554.; Peake, Robert, Sir, 1592?-1667.	1611 (1611)	STC 22235; ESTC S117091	201,482	411

The first Booke of Architecture made by Sebastian Serly entreating of Geometrie Translated out of Jtalian into Dutch and out of Dutch into English LONDON Printed for Robert Peake and are to be sold at his shop neere Holborne conduit next to the Sunne Tauerne ANNO DOM. 1611. TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTIE PRINCE HENRY Prince of VVales SJR NO vaine ambition of mine owne Desire much lesse presumption of my none Desert incited me to present this Volume to your Princely view but rather the gracious Countenance which euen from your Childehood you haue euer daigned to all good endeauours invited Mee also after so many others to offer at the high-Altar of your Highnesse fauour this new-Naturalized VVorke of a learned Stranger Not with pretence of Profit to your Highnesse who want not more exquisite Tutors in all excellent Sciences but vnder the Patronage of your powerfull Name to benefite the Publicke and conuay vnto my Countrymen especially Architects and Artificers of all sorts these Necessary Certaine and most ready Helps of Geometrie The ignorance and want whereof in times past in most parts of this Kingdome hath left vs many lame VVorkes with shame of many VVorkemen which for the future the Knowledge and vse of these Instructions shall happily preuent if the euent but answere in any measure to that Hope of mine which alone both induced this Desire and produced this Designe VVherein I must confesse my part but small sauing my great aduenture in the Charge and my great Good-will to doe Good All which together with my best Seruices I humbly prostrate at your Princely feete as beseemes Your Highnesse most humble Seruant Robert Peake To the Louers of Architecture OVr learned Author Sebastian Serly hauing great foresight to shew and explaine the common rules of Architecture did first publish his Fo●r●h Booke entreating of Architecture and after his Third Booke declaring excellent Antiquities Fearing that if hee had begunne with Geometrie and Perspectiue common workmen would haue thought that the two sornter although small had not beene so needefull to studie and practise as the other Which friendly Reader considered hindered mee long either from Translating or Publishing the two former being perswaded by sundry friends and workemen to haue desisted my purpose both from translating or publishing The which J had surely effected if I had beene ouer-ruled by their requests and perswasions alleadging strong reasons that the common Workemen of our time little regarded or esteemed to Worke with right Simmetrie the which is confused and erronious in the iudgement of the Learned Architect if they will follow the Order of Antiquities hereafter ensuing Wherefore least my good meaning together with my Labour in Translating and Publishing should not be regarded and esteemed as worthie considering it not onely tendeth to the great profit of the Architect or Workeman but also generally to all other Artificers of our Nation I aduise all generally not to deceiue themselues nor to be selfe-conceited in their owne workes but well vnderstand this my labour tending to common good and be perswaded that who so shall follow these rules hereafter set downe shall not onely haue his Worke well esteemed of the common people but also generally commended and applauded of all workemen and men of iudgement Vale. ¶ The first Booke of Architecture made by Sebastian Serly entreating of Geometrie ¶ The first Chapter HOw needfull and necessary the most secret Art of Geometrie is for euery Artificer and Workeman as those that for a long time haue studied and wrought without the same can sufficiently witnesse who since that time haue attained vnto any knowledge of the said Arte doe not onely laugh and smile at their owne former simplicities but in trueth may very well acknowledge that all whatsoeuer had bene formerly done by them was not worth the looking on Seeing then the learning of Architecture comprehendeth in it many notable Artes it is necessary that the Architector or workeman should first or at the least if he cannot attaine vnto any more know so much thereof as that hee may vnderstand the principles of Geometrie that he may not be accompted amongst the number of stone-spoilers who beare the name of workmen and scarce know how to make an answere what a Point Line Plaine or Body is and much lesse can tell what harmonie or correspondencie meaneth but following after their owne minde or other blinde conductors that haue vsed to worke without rule or reason they make bad worke which is the cause of much vncut or vneuen workemanship which is found in many places Therfore seeing that Geometrie is the first degree of all good Art to the end I may shew the Architector so much thereof as that he may thereby be able with good skill to giue some reason of his worke Touching the speculations of Euclides and other Authors that haue written of Geometrie I will leaue them and onely take some flowers out of their Garden that therewith by the shortest way that I can I may entreat of diuers cutting through of Lines with some demonstrations meaning so plainely and openly to set downe and declare the same both in writing and in figures that euery man may both conceiue and vnderstand them aduertizing the Reader not to proceed to know the second figure before he hath well vnderstood and found out the first and so still proceeding hee shall at last attaine vnto his desire A Poynt FIRST you must vnderstand that a poynt is a priche made with a Pen or Compasse which can not bee deuided into any parts because it conteineth neither length nor bredth in it A Line A Line is a right consecutiue imagination in length beginning at a poynt and endeth also at a point but it hath no bredth Parable When two Lines are set or placed of a little wydenesse one from the other those two lines according to the Latine phrase are called Parable and by some men they are named Equidistances Superficies When those two Equidistances aforesayd are at each end closed together by another Line it is then called a Superficies and in like sort all spaces in what manner soeuer they are closed and shut vp are called Superficies or plainnes Perpendicular Straight corners When there is a straight vpright Line placed in the middle of a crosse straight line then it is called a Perpendicular or Catheta Line and the ends of the crosse or straight Line on both sides of the Perpendicular are called Straight corners Obtusus Acutus When a leaning or straight Line is placed vpon a straight Line without Compasse or equalitie as much as the same Line bendeth so much shall the corner of the straight Line be narrower below and the other so much broader then a right or euen corner and the straight corner in Latine is called Acutus which signifieth sharpe and the wider corner Obtusus which signifieth dull Piramidal A corner or point called Piramidal and also Acutus in Latine is when two euen long straight

you will make such a doore that w●●l be couer●d ouer with Copper Yron or any Mettal you see the surest way here in the side in the figures A. and B. for wood neu●r waxeth longer but remayneth still in the same forme which is referred to the workeman to make them thicke or ●hinne as hee will according to the waight that they shall beare and you may also fill the spaces of the same wood And for that all the ancient doores or goings through are commonly fourth●●are onely those of gates of Tow●es or tryumphant Arches which are roost neuerthelesse in our dayes many do●●● are made round aboue peraduenture for more strength and also for that in some cases they become the houses well whereof I haue shewed a figure and 〈◊〉 that in trueth a man cannot conceaue all things for many accidents happen to a workeman at such time when he is to deuise sou● new worke Of Ornaments of Pictures within and without the houses The eleuenth Chapter THat I may not leaue out any kinds of Ornaments whereof I giue not some rule for instruction as well in Pictures as other things I say that the workeman ought not onely to take care of the Ornaments of stone or marble but also of the Paynters worke to let out the walles withall and it is requisite that he should prescribe an order therein as Surueyor of all the worke for this cause that some Paynters haue beene workemen good inough touching the handling of their worke but for the rest of so little vnderstanding that desiring to shew their skill in the placing of the colours haue disgraced and sometime spoyled a Story of a house for want of consideration how to place the Pictures in the same Therefore if they haue a Forefront or Facie of a house to paynt it is certayne there is no opennesse to be left where ayre or lantshap is to be made for those breake the building and of a thing that is massy and close they transforme it into an open weake forme like a ruinous and vnperfit building Also there should be no personages nor beasts coloured vnlesse it were to trim and decke doores wherein there are mens personages but if the owner of the house or the Paynter desire colours that the worke may not be broken nor spoyled a man may couer a hackled wall ouer with cloth and therein paynt what he will and also after the maner of tryumphs a man may hang on the wall Garlands and strings of Leaues and Fruits Flowers c. and also Shields Trophees and such things as are to be stirred but if you will paynt the walles with firme matter then you may fayne things of marble or other stones cutting therein what you will you may also beautifie some figures in Niches with metall and so the worke will remayne firme worthy commendation of all those that know good worke from bad And the Author rehearseth diuers excellent workemen whome for breuitie sake I will omit that onely vsed to paynt nothing else but white and blacke in houses and yet so excellently well that it made men wonder to behold them A man may also with good reason make and set forth certayne openings in walles of lodgings round about the Courts and make ayre lantshaps houses figures beasts and such like things as hee will in colours Also if a man hath Chambers Halles or other places about the ground within to paynt and set forth then a Paynter in maner of Architecture may make openings to see through them as the place is for aboue the sight a man must make nothing but ayre or skyes roofes high hilles and the vpper part of houses and if you place figures also aboue the sight a man must see vnder them and not the ground whereon they stand And if the Paynter will make a Hall or any other or further roome perspectiuely he may ouer the going in with order of Architecture make it to shew further then in effect it is And this Balthazar a man excellently well learned in Architecture did in beautifying the Hall of Augustin Guyse a Marchant of Rome where in that fort he set out some Columnes and other Architecture to that purpose so that Peter Aretin a man also skilfull in Paynting and in Poesie sayd that there had not beene a perfiter Paynter then he in that house although there is worke also in it of Raphaels owne doing And when the walles are paynted and if you will haue the roofe also done then follow the steps of Antiquitie making things that are called Grootes which for that you may make them as you will shew well therein as Leaues Flowers Beasts Birds and other mixed matter If a man maketh any clothes or apparell of figures or which are made fast on them therein a man may doe as he will But if a Paynter will make any figures according to the life in a roofe of a house then he must be very skilfull and much exercised in Perspectiue worke and very iudicious to chuse such things as are fittest for the place and rather heauenly flying things then carthly things with such Arte that he must shorten the figures so although they bee monstrous that when men stand a conuenient distance off from them they may resemble the life Which thing is excellently well made in L●rette Mantua and other places in Italy by diuers workemen yet skilfull workemen in our time haue shunned such shortening for that in truth it is not so pleasing to the eyes of the common sort of people Therefore Raphael Durbi● whom I will alwayes name Diuine for that he neuer had his fellow I say no more in this thing as men iudged of him when he was to paynt the roofe of Augustin Guyse his Gallery shunned shortening as much as he could for when he came to the highest part of the roofe and there meant to make the banquet of the gods heauenly things and such as serued to the purpose for a roofe taking away the harshnesse of shortenings set forth a cloth of azure colour made fast to the strings or Garlands as if it had beene a thing to bee stird and therein made the banquet so seemely and so workemanlike that the Gallery was rather esteemed for a preparation to a tryumph then a playne paynting made vpon a wall Therefore the workeman that ought not to be vnskilfull in Perspectiue worke should not indure as being Surueyor ouer all the workemen in the building that any thing should bee made therein without his counsell and aduice Of flat Roofes and the Ornaments thereof The twelfth Chapter ALthough in the Netherlands they vse not to decke the Chambers in the Roofes with woodden worke neuertheles when a house without is made wholy after the old maner it were vnfit that the Roofe should not be agreeable as also the Bedsteeds Bankes c. And which is more I would say that each place should be stuffed and suted within with things sitting to that which it