that since the Chirurgions scope is to give issue to the matter therein contained there is no other question than to make apertion to evacuate the matter in the most inferior part I have shewed the young Chirurgion the meanes to doe it safely without tormenting the patients for nothing The fourth IN Paps that are too great Paul Aeginet and Albucrasis commands to make a crosse incision to take out all the fat and then joyne together the wound by stitch In briefe it is to flea a man alive which I have never practised nor counsell it to bee done by the young Chirurgion The fifth ALbucrasis and Paul Aeginet will cauterize the Liver and the Spleene with hot irons which the modernes have never practised for indeede reason is manifestly repugnant thereunto The Sixth IN the Paracentesis which is made in the third kind of Dropsie called Ascites Celius Aurelianus commandeth divers apertions to be made in the belly Albucrasis applies nine actuall cauteries that is to say foure about the Navell one upon the Stomacke one upon the Spleene one upon the Liver two behind the backe upon the spondills one of them neare the breast the last neare the Stomacke Aetius is likewise of the same opinion to open the belly with divers cauteries Paul Aeginet commands to apply five actual cauteries to make the said Paracentesis But abhorring such a kind of burning of which you speake much in your third booke I shew another kind of practise the which is done in making a simple incision in the sayd belly as may be seene in my workes with happy successe I doe not teach yong men in my workes the manner of burning which the Ancients have called infibulare that is not in practise though Celsus writeth of it The Seaventh IN the Sciaticke proceeding from an internall cause and because the viscous humors displace the bones Paul commands to burne or cauterize the said joy 〈…〉 the bone Diâ—scorides commands the same Which I doe not finde expedient â—…king indication from the subjacent parts for there where one would burne t is in the place of the foure twin muscles under which passeth the great Nerve descunding from the holy bone which being burnt I leave it to your censure what might happen as Galen remarketh speaking of the Vstion which must be made in the shoulder called humerus The Eighth IN the outward Laxation of the Spondills Hippocrates commands to bind the man right upon a Ladder the Armes and Legges tyed and bound then afterwards having raised the Ladder to the top of a tower or the ridge of an house with a great rope in a pully then to let the patient fall plumbe downe upon the hard pavement which Hippocrates sayes was done in his time But I doe not shew any such way of giving the strapado to men but I shew the Chirurgion in my workes the way to reduce them surely and without great paine Moreover I should be sorry to follow the saying of the sayd Hippocrates in the third booke De morbis who commands in the disease called Volvuâ—us to cause the belly to bee blowne with a paire of Bellowes putting the nosell of them into the intestinum rectum and then blow there till the belly be much stretcht afterwards to give an emollient glister and to stop the fundament with a sponge Such practise as this is not made now a dayes therefore wonder not if I have not spoken of it And you not being contented to patch together the operations of the above said Authors you have also taken divers in my workes as every man may know which sheweth manifestly that there is nothing of your owne in your Chirurgions Guide I leave out divers other unprofitable operations which you quote in your booke without knowing what beasts they are in never having seene them practised but because you have found them written in the bookes of the Ancients you have put them into your booke Moreover you say that you will teach me my lesson in the operations of Chirurgery which I thinke you cannot doe because I have not onely learned them in my Study and by the hearing for many yeares the lessons of Doctors of Physicke but as I have sayd before in my Epistle to the Reader I was resident the space of three yeares in the Hospitall of Paris where I had the meanes to see and learne divers workes of Chirurgery upon divers diseases together with the Anatomy upon a great number of dead bodies as oftentimes I have sufficiently made triall publickly in the Physitions schoole at Paris and my good lucke hath made mee seene much more For being called to the service of the Kings of France foure of which I have served I have beene in company at Battells Skirmishes assaults and beseiging of Citties and Fortresses as also I have beene shut up in Citties with those that have beene beseiged having charge to dresse those that were hurt Also I have dwelt many yeares in this great and famous Citty of Paris where thankes bee to God I have lived in very good reputation amongst all men and have not beene esteemed the least in rancke of men of my profession seeing there was not any cure were it never so difficult and great where my hand and my counsell have not beene required as I make it appeare in this my worke Now dare you these things being understood say you will teach mee to performe the workes of Chirurgery since you never went further than your study The operations of the same are foure in generall as we have declared heretofore where you make but three that is to say joyne that which is separated separate that which was conjoyned and to take away that which is superfluous and the fourth which I make is as much necessary as industrious invention to adde to Nature that which is wanting as I have shewed heere above Also it is your will that the Chirurgion make but the three operations above sayd without medling to ordaine a simple Cataplasme saying it is that which comes to your part belonging to the Physition And that the Ancients in the discourse which you have made to the Reader have divided the practise of Physick into three kinds that is to say Diet Medicine and Chirurgery But I would willingly demand of you who hath made the partition and where any thing should be done who are those which are content with their part without any enterprize upon the other For Hippocrates Galen Aetius Avicen in briefe all the Phisitions as well Greekes and Latins as Arabians have never so treated of the one that they have not treated of the other for the great affinitie and tye that there is betweene them two and it should bee very difficult to doe otherwise Now when you will vilifie Chirurgery so much you speake against your selfe for in your Epistle which you have dedicated to Monsieur of Martignes you say that Chirurgery is the most noble part of Physicke as well by
that so they may be the better enabled to doe good to such as shall implore their aide in their profession There are some I know will blame me for Englishing this worke as laying open the mysteries of a worthy Art to the unworthy view of the vulgar To such I could answer as Aristotle did to Alexander but for the present I will give them these which I thinke may satisfie any but the purposely malicious the first is drawne from the goodnesse of the thing as intended for those that want such guides to direct them in their Art for it is commonly granted that Bonunm quo communius eo melius Secondly it hath beene the custome of most Writers in all Ages and Countries thus to doe Hippocrates Galen and the other Greeks writ in their mother tongue the mysteries of their Art thus did Celsus Serenus and others in Latine Mesue Avicen Serapio and others in Arabicke as also to goe no further our Author writ this worke in his native French and learned men have done the like in this and all other Arts. And it is a great hinderance to us in these daies that we must bee forced to learne to understand two or three tongues before wee can learne any science whereas the Antients learned and taught theirs in their mother tongue so that they spent a great deale lesse time about words and more upon the study of that Art or Science they intended to learne and follow Thirdly I must tell you that Ex libris nemo evasit Artifex No man becomes a workeman by booke so that unlesse they have had some insight in the Art and be in some sort acquainted both with the termes of Art as also with the knowledge and use of the instruments thereto belonging if by reading this or any other booke of the like nature they become Surgeons I must needs liken them as Galen doth another sort of men To Pilots by booke onely to whose care I thinke none of us would commit his safety at Sea nor any if wise will commit themselves to these at land or sea either unlesse wholly destitute of other The other things whereof I must also give you notice are these The figures in the Anatomy are not the same used by my Author whose were according to those of Vesalius but according to those of â—auline which were used in the worke of Dr. Crooke and these indeed are the better and more complete Also Page 807. I thought it better to give the true figure of the Helmet floured Aconite mentioned out of Pliny than to reserve the faigned picture of Matthiolus which in our Author was encreased with the further fiction of a Helmet I have in some few places in the margent which you shall find marked with a star put short annotations for the better illustration of that which is obscure c. I have also in the Text to the same purpose here and there put two or three words contained in these limits which I finde here and there turned into a plaine Parenthesis especially toward the latter end of the booke but the matter is not great Further I must acquaint you that the Apologie and Voyages being the last part of this worke and not in the Latine but French editions were translated into English out of French by George Baker a Surgeon of this City since that time as I heare dead beyond the Seas This is all Courteous Reader that I have thought necessary to acquaint thee withall concerning this which I would desire thee to take with the same minde that it is presented to thee by him that wisheth thee all happinesse THOMAS JOHNSON THE AVTHORS EPISTLE DEDICATORIE To Henry the third the most Christian King of France and Poland EVen as most Christian King we see the members of mans body by a friendly consent are alwayes busied and stand ready to performe those functions for which they are appointed by nature for the preservation of the whole of which they are parts so it is convenient that we which are as it were Citizens of this earthly Common-weale should be diligent in the following of that calling which by Gods appointment we have once taken upon us and content with our present estate not caried away with rashnes and envy desire different and divers things whereof we have no knowledge He which doth otherwise perverts and defiles with hated confusion the order and beauty on which this Vnivers consists Wherfore when I considered with my selfe that I was a member of this great Mundane body and that not altogether unprofitable I endeavored earnestly that all men should be acquainted with my duty and that it might be knowne how much I could profit euery man For God is my witnes and all good men know that I have now laboured fifty yeares with all care and paines in the illustration and amplification of Chirurgery and that I have so certainly touched the marke whereat I aimed that Antiquity may seeme to have nothing wherein it may exceed us beside the glory of invention nor posterity any thing left but a certaine small hope to adde some things as it is easie to adde to former inventions In performance whereof I have beene so prodigall of my selfe my watchings faculties and meanes that I spared neither time labour nor cost wherby I might satisfie and accomplish my own desires this my great work and the desires of the studious Neither may we doubt but their studies would at the length waxe cold if they only furnished with the Theoricke and Precepts in Schooles and that with much laboure should see no manuall operation nor manifest way of performing the Arte. For which cause I seeking the praise and profit of the French Nation even with the hinderance of my particular estate have endeavored to illustrate and increase Chyrurgerie hitherto obscure either by the infelicity of the former ages or the envy of the Prosessors and not onely with precepts and rules but being alover of carved workes I beautified it with 300. formes or graven figures and apt deliniations in which whosoever shall attentively looke shall finde five hundred anatomicall or organicall figures belonging to the Arte if they be reckoned particularly To every of these I have given their names and shewed their use least they should seeme to have beene put in vainly for ostentation or delight But although there be few men of this profession which can bring so much authority to their writings either with reason or experience as I can notwithstanding I have not beene so arrogant but intending to publish my worke I first communicated it with men the most excellent in the Arte of Phisicke who gave me greater incouragement to perfect and publish it that it might be in common use professing they wished nothing more than that it might be turned into Latine so by which meanes it should be knowne to forraigne Nations that there is no kind of Learning which is not delivered with great dexterity of wit in
later according to the various complexion and temperament of the patients bodyes and the condition of the ambient ayre in heate and cold Then by little and little you must come to detersives adding to the former medicine some Turpentine washed in Rose Barly or some other such like water which may wash away the biting thereof If the encompassing ayre be very cold you may to good purpose adde some aqua vitae for by Galens prescript we must use hot medicines in winter and lesse hot in summer Then in the next place use detersives as ℞ aquae decoctionis hordei quantum sufficit succi plantaginis appij agrimon centaurei minoris an ℥ j bulliant omnia simul in fine decoctionis adde terebinthinae venetae ℥ iij. mellis rosat ℥ ij farin hordei ℥ iij. croci ℈ j. Let them be all well mixed together and make a Mundificative of an indifferent confistence Or ℞ succi clymeni plantag absinth appij an ℥ ij tereb venet ℥ 4. syrup absinth mellis ros an ℥ ij bulliant omnia secundum artem postea colentur in colatura adde pulver aloes mastiches Ireos Florent far hord an ℥ j. fiat Mundificatiuum ad usum dictum Or else ℞ terebinth venet lotae in aq ros ℥ v. olei ros ℥ j. mellis ros ℥ iij. myrrhae aloes mastich aristoloch rotundae an ʒiss far hord ʒiij misce Make a Mundificative which you may put into the wound with tents but such as are neither too long nor thicke lest they hinder the evacuation of the quitture and vapours whence the wounded part will bee troubled with erosion paine defluxion inflammation abscesse putrefaction all which severally of themselves as also by infecting the noble parts are troublesome both to the part affected as also to the whole body besides Wherefore you shall put into the wound no tents unlesse small ones and of an indifferent consistence lest as I sayd you hinder the passing forth of the matter or by their hard pressing of the part cause paine and so draw on maligne symptomes But seeing tents are used both to keepe open a wound so long untill all the strange bodyes be taken forth as also to carry the medicines wherewithall they are annointed even to the bottome of the wound Now if the wound be sinuous and deepe that so the medicine cannot by that meanes arrive at the bottome and all the parts thereof you must doe you businesse by injections made of the following decoction ℞ aq hord lib. 4. agrimon centaur minor pimpinellae absinth plantag an M. ss rad aristoloch rotund ʒss fiat decoctio hepaticaeʒiij mellis ros ℥ ij bulliant modicum Inject some of this decoction three or foure times into the wound as often as you dresse the patient and if this shall not be sufficient to clense the filth and waste the spongious putride and dead flesh you shall dissolve therein as much Aegyptiacum as you shall thinke fit for the present necessity but commonly you shall dissolve an ounce of Aegyptiacum in a pint of the decoction Verily Aegyptiacum doth powerfully consume the proud flesh which lyes in the capacity of the wound besides also it only workes upon such kind of flesh For this purpose I have also made triall of the powder of Mercury and burnt Alome equally mixed together and found them very powerfull even almost as sublimate or Arsenicke but that these cause not such paine in their operation I certainely much wonder at the largenesse of the Eschar which arises by the aspersiō of these powders Many Practitioners would have a great quantity of the injection to be left in the cavityes of sinuous ulcers or wounds which thing I could never allow of For this contained humor causeth an unnaturall tension in these parts and taints them with superfluous moysture whereby the regeneration of flesh is hindered for that every ulcer as it is an ulcer requires to be dryed in Hippocrates opinion Many also offend in the too frequent use of Tents for as they change thē every houre they touch the sides of the wound cause pain renew other maligne symptomes wherefore such ulcers as cast forth more abundance of matter I could wish rather to be dressed with hollow tents like those I formerly described to be put into wounds of the Chest You shall also presse a linnen boulster to the bottome of the wound that so the parts themselves may be mutually condensed by that pressure and the quitture thrust forth neither will it be amisse to let this boulster have a large hole fitted to the orifice of the wound end of the hollow tent and pipe that so you may apply a spunge for to receive the quitture for so the matter will be more speedily evacuated and spent especially if it be bound up with an expulsive ligature beginning at the bottome of the ulcer and so wrapping it up to the toppe All the boulsters and rowlers which shall be applyed to these kindes of wounds shall be dipped in Oxycrate or red wine so to strengthen the part and hinder defluxion But you must have a speciall care that you doe not binde the wound too hard for hence will arisē paine hindring the passage forth of the putredinous vapours and excrements which the contused flesh casts forth and also feare of an Atrophia or want of nonrishment the alimentary juyces being hindred from comming to the part CHAP. VII By what meanes strange bodyes left in at the first dressing may be drawne forth IT divers times happens that certaine splinters of bones broken and shattered asunder by the violence of the stroake cannot be pulled forth at the first dressing for that they either doe not yeeld or fall away or else cannot be found by the formerly described instruments For which purpose this is an approved medicine to draw forth that which is left behind ℞ radic Ireos Florent panac cappar an ʒiij an.ʒj. in pollinem redacta incorporentur cum melle rosar terebinth venet an ℥ ij or ℞ resin pini siccae ℥ iij. pumicis combusti extincti in vino albo radic Ireos aristolochiae an ʒss thurisʒj squamae aris ʒij in pollinem redigantur incorporentur cum melle rosato fiat medicamentum CHAP. VIII Of Indications to be observed in this kinde of wounds THe ulcer being clensed and purged and all strange bodyes taken forth natures endeavours to regenerate flesh and cicatrize it must be helped forwards with convenient remedies both taken inwardly and applyed out-wardly To which things we may be easily and safely carryed by indications drawne first from the essence of the disease then from the cause if as yet present it nourish the disease For that which Galen sayes Lib. 3. Meth. that no indication may bee taken from the primitive cause and time must bee understood of the time past and the cause which is absent And then from the principall
proceede from any other than a venenate matter yet the hurt of this venenate matter is not peculiar or by its selfe For oft times the force of cold whether of the encompassing ayre or the too immoderate use of Narcoticke medicines is so great that in a few houres it takes away life from some of the members and diverse times from the whole body as we may learne by their example who travell in great snowes and over mountaines congealed and horrd with frost yce Hence also is the extinction of the native heate and the spirits residing in the part and the shutting forth of that which is sent by nature to ayde or defend it For when as the part is bound with rigide cold and as it were frozen they cannot get nor enter therein Neither if they should enter into the part can they stay long there because they can there finde no fit habitation the whole frame and government of nature being spoyled and the harmony of the foure prime qualities destroyed by the offensive dominion of predominant cold their enimy whereby it commeth to passe that flying back from whence they first came they leave the part destitute and deprived of the benefit of nourishment life sense and motion A certaine Briton an Hostler in Paris having drunke soundly after supper cast himselfe upon a bed the cold ayre comming in at a window left open so tooke hold upon one of his legges that when he waked forth of his sleepe he could neither stand nor goe Wherefore thinking onely that his leg was numbe they made him stand to the fire but putting it very nigh he burnt the sole of his foote without any sense of paine some fingers thicknesse for a mortification had already possessed more than halfe his legge Wherefore after he was carried to the Hospitall the Chirurgion who belonged thereto endeavoured by cutting away of the mortified legge to deliver the rest of the body from imminent death but it proved in vaine for the mortification taking hold upon the upper parts he dyed within three dayes with thoublesome belching and hicketting raving cold sweate and often swounding Verily all that same winter the cold was so vehement that many in the Hospitall of Paris lost the wings or sides of their nose-thrills seazed upon by a mortification without any putrefaction But you must note that the Gangreene which is caused by cold doth first and principally seaze upon the parts most distant from the heart the fountaine of heate to wit the feete and legges as also such as are cold by nature as gristly parts such as the nose and eares CHAP. XIII Of the signes of a Gangreene THe signes of a Gangreene which inflammation or a phlegmon hath caused are paine and pulsation without manifest cause the sudden changing of the fyery and red colour into a livid or blacke as Hippocrates shewes where hee speakes of the Gangreene of a broken heele I would have you here to understand the pulsificke paine not onely to be that which is caused by the quicker motion of the Arteries but that heavy and pricking which the contention of the unaturall heate doth produce by raising a thicke cloud of vapours from these humours which the Gangreene sets upon The signes of a Gangreene caused by cold are if suddenly a sharpe pricking and burning paine assaileth the part for penetrabile frigus adurit i peircing cold doth burne if a shining rednesse as if you had handled snow presently turne into a livid colour if in stead of the accidentall heate which was in the part presently cold and numbenesse shall possesse it as if it were shooke with a quartain feaver Such cold if it shall proceede so farre as to extinguish the native heate bringeth a mortification upon the Gangreene also oft times convulsions and violent shaking of the whole body wondrous troublesome to the braine and the fountaines of life But you shall know Gangreenes caused by too streight bandages by fracture luxation and contufion by the hardnesse which the attraction and flowing downe of the humors hath caused little pimples or blisters spreading or rising upon the skinne by reason of the great heate as in a combustion by the weight of the part occasioned through the defect of the spirits not now sustaining the burden of the member and lastly from this the pressing of your finger upon the part it will leave the print thereof as in an aedema and also from this that the skinne commeth from the flesh without any manifest cause Now you shall know Gangreenes arising from a bite puncture aneurisma or wound in plethoricke and ill bodies and in a part indued with most exquisite sence almost by the same signes as that which was caused by inflammation For by these and the like causes there is a farre greater defluxion and attraction of the humors than is fit when the perspiration being intercepted and the passages stopt the native heate is oppressed and suffocated But this I would admonish the young Chirurgion that when by the forementioned signes hee shall finde the Gangreene present that hee doe not deferre the amputation for that hee findes some sense or small motion yet residing in the part For oft times the affected parts are in this case mooved not by the motion of the whole muscle but onely by meanes that the head of the muscle is not yet taken with the Gangreene with mooving it selfe by its owne strength also mooves its proper and continued tendon and taile though dead already wherefore it is ill to make any delay in such causes CHAP. XIIII Of the Prognostickes in Gangreenes HAving given you the signes and causes to know a Gangreene it is fit wee also give you the prognosticke The fearcenesse and malignity thereof is so great that unlesse it be most speedily withstood the part it selfe will dye and also take hold of the neighbouring parts by the contagion of its mortification which hath beene the cause that a Gangreene by many hath beene termed an Esthiomenos For such corruption creepes out like poyson and like fire eates gnawes and destroyes all the neighbouring parts untill it hath spred over the whole body For as Hippocrates writes Lib. de vulner capitis Mortui viventis nulla est proportio i There is no proportion betweene the dead and living Wherefore it is fit presently to separate the dead from the living for unlesse that be done the living will dye by the contagion of the dead In such as are at the point of death a cold sweat flowes over all their bodyes they are troubled with ravings and watchings belchings and hicketing molest them and often swoundings invade them by reason of the vapours abundantly and continually raysed from the corruption of the humors and flesh and so carryed to the bowells and principall parts by the Veines Nerves and Arteries Wherefore when you have foretold these things to the friends of the patient then make haste
white and become smooth or plaine For so their eating and spreading force will at length be bridled and laudible flesh grow up in place of that which is eaten After such burning it will be good to wash the mouth with the following gargarisme which also of its selfe alone will serve to cure Aphtha's which are not maligne â„ž hordei integri p. j. plantag ceterach pilosellae agrimonia an M. j. fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in qua dissolve mellis rosati â„¥ j. diamoron â„¥ ss fiat gargarisma You may also make other gargles of Pomegranate pills Balausties Sumach Berberies red roses being boyled and dissolving in the strayned liquor Diamoroâ— and Dianucum with a little Alume For Galen writes that simple Vlcers of the mouth are healed with things which dry with moderation now Diamoron and Dianucum are such But others stand in neede of strong medicines with such like If the palate be seazed upon we must use the more diligence and care for there is danger least being the part is hot and moyst the bone which lyes under which is rare and humide may bee corrupted by the contagion and fall away and the voyce or speech be spoyled If the Vlcer be pockie omitting the common remedyes of Vlcers you must speedily beâ—ake your selfe to the proper antidote of that disease to wit quick-silver Fistulous Vlcers often take hold on the Gummes whence the roote of the next tooth becomes rotten and so farre that the acrimonie of the Sanies oft times makes its selfe a passage forth on the outside under the chinne which thing puts many into a false conceite of the scrophulae or Kings evill and consequently of an uncurable disease In such a case Aetius and Celsus counsell is to take out the rotten tooth for so the Fistula will be taken away the Gum pressing and thrusting its selfe into the place of the tooth which was taken forth and so the cause nourishing the putrefaction being taken away that is the tooth the rest of the cure will be more easy The Vlcers of the tongue may be cured by the same remedies by which the rest of the mouth yet those which breede on the side thereof endure very long and you must looke whether or no there be not some sharpe tooth over against it which will not suffer the Vlcer in that place to heale which if there be then must you take it away with a file CHAP. XVI Of the Vlcers of the Eares VLcers are bred in the auditory passage both by an externall cause as a stroake or fall as also by an internall as an abscesse there generated They oft times flow with much matter not there generated for such Vlcers are usually but small and besides in a spermaticke part but for that the braine doth that way disburden its selfe For the cure the cheefe regard must be had of the antecedent cause which feedes the Vlcer and it must be diverted by purging medicines Masticatories and Errhines This is the forme of a Masticatory rum Mastic Ê’j staphisagr pyreth an ℈ j. cinam caryoph an Ê’ss fiant Masticatoria utatur manè vesperi But this is the forme of an Errhine rum succi betonic mercurial melissa an â„¥ ss vini albi â„¥ j misce frequenter naribus attrahatur For topicke medicines we must shunne all fatty and oyly things as Galen sets downe in Method medendi where he findes fault with a certaine follower of Thessalus who by using Tetrapharmacum made the Vlcer in the eare grow each day more filthy than other which Galen healed with the Trochisces of Andronius dissolved in Vinegar whose composure is as followeth rum balaust Ê’ij alumin. Ê’j atrament sutor Ê’ij myrrhae Ê’j thur aristoloch gallarum an Ê’ij salis Ammon Ê’j excipiantur omnia melicrato â—…t trochisci Galen in the same place witnesseth that he hath healed inveterate Vlcers and of two yeares old of this kind with the scailes of Iron made into powder and then boyled in sharpe Vinegar untill it acquired the consistence of Honey Moreover an Oxes gall dissolved in strong Vinegar and dropped in warme amends and dryes up the putrefaction wherewith these Vlcers flow Also the scailes of Iron made into powder boyled in sharpe Vinegar dryed and strewed upon them But if the straitnesse of the passages should not give leave to the matter contained in the windings of the eares to passe forth then must it bee drawne out with an Instrument thereupon called a Pyoulcos or matter-drawer whereof this is the figure The figure of a Pyoulcos or matter-drawer CHAP. XVII Of the Vlcers of the Windpipe Weason stomacke and Gutts THese parts are ulcerated either by an externall cause as an acride medicine or poyson swallowed downe or by an internall cause as a maligne fretting humor which may equall the force of poyson generated in the body and restrained in these parts If the paine be encreased by swallowing or breathing it is the signe of an Vlcer in the weazon or windepipe joyning thereto But the paine is most sensibly felt when as that which is swallowed is either soure or acride or the ayre breathed in is more hot or cold than ordinary But if the cause of paine lye fastened in the stomacke more greevous symptomes urge for sometimes they swound have a nauseous disposition and vomiting convulsions gnawings and paine almost intollerable and the coldnesse of the extreame parts all which when present at once few scape unlesse such as are young and have very strong bodyes The same affect may befall the whole stomacke but because both for the bitternesse of paine and greatnesse of danger that Vlcer is farre more greevous which takes hold of the mouth of the Ventricle honoured by the Ancients with the name of the heart therefore Physitions doe not make so great a reckoning of that which happens in the lower part of the stomacke Now we know that the Guts are ulcerated if Pus or much purulent matter come forth by stoole if blood come that way with much griping for by the Pus staying and as it were gathered together in that place there is as it were a certaine continuall Tenesmus or desire to goe to stoole Now all such Vlcers are cured by meates and drinkes rather than by medicines according to Galen Therefore you must make choyse of all such meates and drinkes as are gentle and have a lenitive faculty shunning acride things for Tutia Lytharge Ceruse Verdigreece and the like have no place heere as they have in other Vlcers But when as the Vlcer shall be in the Gullet or Weazon you must have a care that such things may have some viscidity or toughnesse and be swallowed by little and little and at diverse times otherwise they will not mâ—â—h availe because they cannot make any stay in these commune wayes of breath and meat therefore they presently slip downe and flow away
assation thereof The twentieth is the languidnesse weaknesse of the pulse by reason of the oppression of the vitall and pulsifick faculty by a cloud of grosse vapours Herewith also their urine sometimes is thick and troubled like the urine of carriage beasts if the urenary vessels be permeable and free otherwise it is thin if there be obstruction which only suffers that which is thin to flow forth by the urenary passages now the urine is oftentimes of a pale ash-colour and oft-times it smels like as the other excrements do in this disease Verily there are many other signes of the Leprosie as the slownesse of the belly by reason of the heat of the liver often belchings by reason that the stomack is troubled by the refluxe of a melancholy humour frequent sneesing by reason of the fulnesse of the braine to these this may be added most frequently that the face and all the skin is unctuous or greasie so that water powred thereon will not in any place adhere thereto I conceive it is by the internall heat dissolving the fat that lies under the skin which therfore alwaies lookes as if it were greased or anointed therewith in leprous persons Now of these forementioned signes some are univocall that is which truly and necessarily shew the Leprosie othersome are equivocall or common that is which conduce as well to the knowledge of other diseases as this To conclude that assuredly is a Leprosie which is accompanied with all or certainely the most part of these forementioned signes CHAP. VIII Of Prognosticks in the Leprosie and how to provide for such as stand in feare thereof THe Leprosie is a disease which passeth to the issue as contagious almost as the plague scarce curable at the beginning uncurable when as it is confirmed because it is a Cancer of the whole body now if some one Cancer of some one part shall take deepe root therein it is judged uncurable Furthermore the remedies which to this day have bin found out against this disease are judged inferiour and unequall in strength thereto Besides the signes of this disease doe not outwardly shew themselves before that the bowels be seazed upon possessed and corrupted by the malignity of the humour especially in such as have the white Leprosie sundry of which you may see about Burdeaux in little Brittain who notwithstanding inwardly burn with so great heat that it will suddenly wrinkle and wither an apple held a short while in their hand as if it had laid for many daies in the Sun There is another thing that increaseth the difficulty of this disease which is an equall pravity of the three principall faculties whereby life is preserved The deceitfull and terrible visions in the sleepe and numnesse in feeling argue the depravation of the animall faculty now the weaknesse of the vitall faculty is shewed by the weaknesse of the pulse the obscurity of the hoarse and jarring voice the difficulty of breathing and stinking breath the decay of the naturall is manifested by the depravation of the work of the liver in sanguification whence the first and principall cause of this harme ariseth Now because wee cannot promise cure to such as have a confirmed Leprosie and that we dare not do it to such as have been troubled therewith but for a short space it remains that we briefly shew how to free such as are ready to fall into so fearefull a disease Such therefore must first of all shun all things in diet and course of life whereby the bloud and humours may be too vehemently heated whereof we have formerly made some mention Let them make choice of meats of good or indifferent juice such as we shall describe in treating of the diet of such as are sick of the plague purging bleeding bathing cupping to evacuate the impurity of the bloud and mitigate the heat of the liver shall bee prescribed by some learned Physician Valesius de Tarenta much commends gelding in this case neither do I think it can be disliked For men subject to this disease may be effeminated by the amputation of their testicles and so degenerate into a womanish nature and the heat of the liver boyling the bloud being extinguished they become cold moist which temper is directly contrary to the hot dry distemper of Leprous persons besides the Leprous being thus deprived of the faculty of generation that contagion of this disease is taken away which spreadeth and is diffused amongst mankind by the propagation of their issue The End of the Twentieth Booke OF POYSONS AND OF THE BITING OF A MAD DOGGE AND THE BITINGS AND STINGINGS OF OTHER VENEMOUS CREATURES THE ONE AND TWENTIETH BOOK CHAP. I. The cause of writing this Treatise of Poysons FIVE reasons have principally moved me to undertake to write this Treatise of poysons according to the opinion of the Ancients The first is that I might instruct the Surgeon what remedies must presently be used to such as are hurt by poysons in the interim whilst greater meanes may bee expected from a Physician The second is that hee may know by certaine signes and notes such as are poysoned or hurt by poysonous meanes and so make report thereof to the Judges or to such as it may concerne The third is that those Gentlemen and others who live in the Countrey and farre from Cities and store of greater meanes may learne something by my labours by which they may helpe their friends bitten by an Adder madde Dogge or other poysonous creature in so dangerous sudden and usuall a case The fourth is that every one may beware of poysons and know their symptomes when present that being knowne they may speedily seeke for a remedie The fifth is that by this my labour all men may know what my good-will is and how well minded I am towards the common wealth in generall and each man in particular to the glory of God I doe not here so much arme malicious and wicked persons to hurt as Surgeons to provide to helpe and defend each mans life against poyson which they did not understand or at least seemed not so to doe which taking this my labour in evill part have maliciously interpreted my meaning But now at length that wee may come to the matter I will begin at the generall division of poysons and then handle each species thereof severally but first let us give this rule That Poyson is that which either outwardly applyed or struck in or inwardly taken into the body hath power to kill it no otherwise than meate well drest is apt to nourish it For Conciliator writes that the properties of poyson are contrary to nourishments in their whole substance for as nourishment is turned into bloud and in each part of the body whereto it is applyed to nourish by perfect assimulation is substituted in the place of that portion which flowes away each moment Thus on the contrary poyson turnes our bodies into
the excellent astrictive faculty they have and stopping the passages of the vessels they hinder the poyson from entring into the heart This is my opinion of Unicornes horne which if any doe not approve of hee shall doe mee a favour if for the publike good hee shall freely oppose his but in the interim take this in good part which I have done The End of the One and Twentieth Booke OF THE PLAGUE THE TWENTIE SECOND BOOKE CHAP. 1. The description of the Plague THE Plague is a cruell and contagious disease which every where like a common disease invading Man and Beast kils very many being attended and as it were associated with a continuall Feaver Botches Carbuncles Spots Nauseousnesse Vomitings and other such maligne accidents This disease is not so pernitious or hurtfull by any elementary qualitie as from a certain poysonous venenate malignity the force wherof exceeds the condition of common putrefaction Yet I will not deny but that it is more hurtfull in certain bodies times and regions as also many other diseases of which Hippocrates makes mention But from hence we can only collect that the force and malignity of the plague may be encreased or diminished according to the condition of the Elementary qualities concurring with it but not the whole nature and essence thereof to depend thereon This pestiferous poyson principally assailes the Vitall spirit the Store-house and originall whereof is the Heart so that if the Vitall Spirit prove stronger it drives it far from the Heart but if weaker it being overcome and weakened by the hostile assault flies backe into the fortresse of the Heart by the like contagion infecting the heart and so the whole Body being spred into it by the passages of the Arteries Hence it is pestilent Feavers are sometime simple and solitary other-whiles associated with a troope of other affects as Botches Carbuncles Blaines and Spots of one or more colours It is probable such affects have their originall from the expulsive Faculty whether strong or weake provoked by the malignity of the raging matter yet assuredly divers symptomes and changes arise according to the constitution of the body of the Patient and condition of the humor in which the virulency of the plague is chiefly inherent and lastly in the nature of the efficient cause I thought good by this description to expresse the nature of the plague at this my first entrance into this matter for we can scarce comprehend it in a proper definition For although the force thereof be definite and certaine in nature yet it is not altogether certaine and manifest in mens minds because it never happens after one sort so that in so great variety it is very difficult to set down any thing generall and certaine CHAP. II. Of the Divine causes of an extraordinary Plague IT is a confirmed constant and received opinion in all Ages amongst Christians that the plague and other diseases which violently assaile the life of man are often sent by the just anger of God punishing our offences The Prophet Amos hath long since taught it saying Shall there be affliction shall there be evill in a City and the Lord hath not done it On which truely we ought daily to meditate and that for two causes The first is that wee alwaies beare this in minde that wee enjoy health live move and have our beings from God and that it descends from that Father of Light and for this cause we are alwaies bound to give him great and exceeding thanks The other is that knowing the calamities by sending whereof the Divine anger proceeds to revenge wee may at length repent and leaving the way of wickednesse walke in the pathes of godlinesse For thus we shall learne to see in God our selves the Heaven and Earth the true knowledge of the causes of the plague and by a certaine Divine Philosophy teach God to bee the beginning and cause of the second causes which cannot well without the first cause goe about nor attempt much lesse performe any thing For from hence they borrow their force order and constancy of order so that they serve as Instruments for God who rules and governes us and the whole World to performe all his workes by that constant course of order which hee hath appointed unchangeable from the beginning Wherefore all the cause of a plague is not to bee attributed to these neere and inferiour causes or beginnings as the Epicures and Lucianists commonly doe who attributing too much yea all things to nature have left nothing to Gods providence On the contrary wee ought to thinke and beleeve in all our things That even as God by his omnipotent Power hath created all things of nothing so he by his eternall Wisedome preserves and governes the same leads and enclines them as he pleaseth yea verily at his pleasure changeth their order and the whole course of Nature This cause of an extraordinary Plague as wee confesse and acknowledge so here we will not prosecute it any further but thinke fit to leave it to Divines because it exceeds the bounds of Nature in which I will now contain my selfe Wherefore let us come to the naturall causes of the plague CHAP. III. Of the Naturall Causes of the Plague and chiefly of the Seminary of the Plague by the corruption of the Aire THE generall and naturall causes of the Plague are absolutely two that is the infection of corrupt Aire and a preparation and fitnesse of corrupt humours to take that infection for it is noted before out of the doctrine of Galen that our humours may bee corrupted and degenerate into such an alienation which may equall the malignity of Poyson The Aire is corrupted when the foure seasons of the yeere have not their seasonablenesse or degenerate from themselves either by alteration or by alienation as if the constitution of the whole yeere bee moist and rainy by reason of grosse and blacke Cloudes if the Winter bee gentle and warme without any Northerly wind which is cold and dry and by that meanes contrary to putrefaction if the spring which should be temperate shall be faulty in any excesse of distemper if the Autumn shall be ominous by Fires in the Aire with stars shooting and as it were falling down or terrible comets never seen without some disaster if the summer be hot cloudy and moist and without winds and the clouds flie from the South into the North. These and such like unnaturall constitutions of the seasons of the yeere were never better or more excellently handled by any than by Hippocrates in his bookes Epidemion Therefore the Aire from hence drawes the seeds of corruption and the Pestilence which at the length the like excesse of qualities being brought in it sends into the humours of our bodies chiefly such as are thinne and serous Although the pestilence doth not alwaies necessarily arise from hence but somewhiles some other kinde of cruell and infectious
some twenty foure miles from Bourges had a great piece of his tongue cut off by which occasion hee remained dumbe some three yeares It happened on a time that as hee was in the fields with reapers hee drinking in a woodden dish was tickled by some of the standers by not enduring the tickling hee suddenly broke out into articulate and intelligible words He himselfe wondring thereat and delighted with the novelty of the thing as a miracle put the same dish to his mouth just in the same manner as before and then he spake so plainly and articulately that he might be understood by them all Wherefore a long time following he alwaies carried this dish in his bosome to utter his mind untill at length necessity the mistris of arts and giver of wit inducing him hee caused a woodden instrument to be neatly cut and made for him like this which is here delineated which hee alwaies carryed hanging at his neck as the onely interpreter of his mind and the key of his speech An instrument made to supply the defect of the speech when the tongue is cut off The use of the Instrument is this A. sheweth the upper part of it which was of the thicknesse of a nine-pence which he did so hold betweene his cutting teeth that it could not come out of his mouth nor bee seene B. sheweth the lower part as thick as a sixe-pence which he did put hard to the rest of his tongue close to the membranous ligament which is under the tongue That place which is deprest and somewhat hollowed marked with the letter C. is the inner part of the instrument D. sheweth the outside of the same Hee hanged it about his necke with the string that is tyed thereto Textor the Physician of Bourges shewed me this instrument and I my selfe made tryall thereof on a young man whose tongne was cut off and it succeeded well and took very good effect And I think other Surgeons in such cases may do the like CHAP. VI. Of covering or repairing certain defects or defaults in the face IT oftentimes happeneth that the face is deformed by the sudden flashing of Gunpowder or by a pestilent Carbuncle so that one cannot behold it without great horrour Such persons must be so trimmed and ordered that they may come in seemely manner into the company of others The lips if they bee either cut off with a sword or deformed with the erosion or eating of a pestilent Carbuncle or ulcerated Cancer so that the teeth may be seene to lye bare with great deformity If the losse or consumption of the lip bee not very great it may be repaired by that way which we have prescribed in the cure of hare lips or of an ulcerated Cancer But if it be great then must there be a lip of gold made for it so shadowed and counterfeited that it may not be much unlike in colour to the naturall lip and it must be fastened and tyed to the hat or cap that the patient weareth on his head that so it may remaine stable and firme CHAP. VII Of the defects of the eares SUch as want their eares either naturally or by misfortune as through a wound carbuncle cancer or the biting of wild beasts if so be that the eare be not wholly wanting wasted consumed or torne away but that some portion thereof doth yet remaine then must it not bee neglected but must have many holes made therein with a bodkin and after that the holes are cicatrized let some convenient thing made like unto the piece of the eare that is lost bee tyed or fastned unto it by these holes But if the eare bee wholly wanting another must bee made of paper artificially glewed together or else of leather and so fastened with laces from the toppe or hinder part of the head that it may stand in the appointed place and so the haire must be permitted to grow long or else some cap worne under the hat which may hide or cover the deformity unlesse you had rather have it to bee shadowed and counterfeited by some Painter that thereby it may resemble the colour of a naturall eare and so retein it in the place where it ought to stand with a rod or wiar comming from the toppe or hinder part of the head as wee have spoken before in the losse of the eye and the forme thereof is this CHAP. VIII Of amending the deformity of such as are crooke-backt THe bodies of many especially young maids or girles by reason that they are more moist and tender than the bodies of boyes are made crooked in processe of time especially by the wrenching aside and crookednesse of the backe-bone It hath many causes that is to say in the first conformation in the wombe and afterwards by misfortune as a fall bruise or any such like accident but especially by the unhandsome and undecent situation of their bodies when they are young and tender either in carrying sitting or standing and especially when they are taught to goe too soone saluting sewing writing or in doing any such like thing In the meane while that I may not omit the occasion of crookednesse that happens seldome to the country people but is much incident to the inhabitants of great townes and cities which is by reason of the straitnesse and narrownesse of the garments that are worne by them which is occasioned by the folly of mothers who while they covet to have their young daughters bodies so small in the middle as may be possible plucke and draw their bones awry and make them crooked For the ligaments of the back-bone being very tender soft and moist at that age cannot stay it strait and strongly but being pliant easily permits the spondels to slippe awry inwards outwards or sidewise as they are thrust or forced The remedy for this deformity is to have breast-plates of iron full of holes all over them wherby they may be lighter to wear and they must be so lined with bombast that they may hurt no place of the body Every three moneths new plates must be made for those that are not yet arrived at their full growth for otherwise by the daily afflux of more matter they would become worse But these plates will do them small good that are already at their full growth The forme of an iron Breast-plate to amend the crookednesse of the Body CHAP. IX How to relieve such as have their urine flow from them against their wills and such as want their yards IN those that have the strangury of what cause soever that malady commeth the urine passeth from them by drops against their wils and consent This accident is very grievous and troublesome especially to men that travaile and for their sakes onely I have invented the instrument here beneath described It is made like unto a close breech or hose it must be of latin to contein some four ounces it must be put into the patients hose between his thighs
may be tempered by conjunction commistion confusion with the mans seed and so reduced or brought unto a certaine equality for generation or conception cannot follow without the concourse of two feeds well and perfectly wrought in the very same moment of time nor without a laudible dispoâ—… the wombe both in temperature and complexion if in this mixture of â—… mans seed in quality and quantity exceed the womans it will be a man chilâ—… a woman childe although that in either of the kindes there is both the mans and womans seed as you may see by the daily experience of those men who by their first wives have had boyes onely and by their second wives had girles onely the like you may see in certaine women who by their first husbands have had males onely and by their second husbands females onely Moreover one and the same 〈◊〉 is not alwaies like affected to get a man or a woman childe for by reason of his age temperature and diet hee doth sometimes yeeld forth seed endued with a masculine vertue and sometimes with a feminine or weake vertue so that it is no marvaile if men get sometimes men and sometimes women children CHAP. II. Of what quality the seed is whereof the male and whereof the female is engendered MAle children are engendered of a more hot and dry seed and women of a more cold and moist for there is much lesse strength in cold than in heat and likewise in moisture than in drynesse and that is the cause why it will be longer before a girle is formed in the womb than a boy In the seed lyeth both the procreative and the formative power as for example In the power of the Melon seed are situate the stalkes branches leaves flowers fruite the forme colour smell taste seed and all The like reason is of other seeds so Apple grafts engrafted in the stock of a Pearetree beare Apples and we doe alwaies finde and see by experience that the tree by vertue of grafting that is grafted doth convert it selfe into the nature of the Sions wherewith it is grafted But although the childe that is borne doth resemble or is very like unto the father or the mother as his or her seed exceedeth in the mixture yet for the most part it happeneth that the children are more like unto the father than the mother because that in the time of copulation the minde of the woman is more fixed on her husband than the minde of the husband on or towards his wife for in the time of copulation or conception the formes or the likenesses of those things that are conceived or kept in minde are transported and impressed in the childe or issue for so they affirme that there was a certain Queene of the Aethiopians who brought forth a white child the reason was as she confessed that at the time of copulation with her King she thought on a marvellous white thing with a very strong imagination Therefore Hesiod advertiseth all married people not to give them selves to carnall copulation when they return from burialls but when they come from feasts and plaies lest that their sad heavie and pensive cogitations should bee so transfused and engrafted in the issue that they should contaminate or infect the pleasant joyfulnesse of his life with sad pensive and passionate thoughts Sometimes it happeneth although very seldome the childe is neither like the father nor the mother but in favour resembleth his Grandfather or any other of his kindred by reason that in the inward parts of the parents the engrafted power and nature of the grandfather lieth hidden which when it hath lurked there long not working any effect at length breakes forth by means of some hidden occasion wherein nature resembleth the Painter making the lively portraiture of a thing which as far as the subject matter will permit doth forme the issue like unto the parents in every habit so that often times the diseases of the parents are transferred or participated unto the children as it were by a certaine hereditary title for those that are crooke-backt get crooke-backt children those that are lame lame those that are leprous leprous those that have the stone children having the stone those that have the ptisicke children having the ptisick and those that have the gout children having the gout for the seed followes the power nature temperature and comnlexion of him that engendereth it Therefore of those that are in health and sound â—…thy and sound and of those that are weake and diseased weake and diseased children are begotten unlesse happely the seed of one of â—…ents that is sound doth correct or amend the diseased impression of the oâ—…t is diseased or else the temperate and sound wombe as it were by the genâ—… pleasant breath thereof CHAP. III. What is the cause why the Females of all brute beasts being great with young doe neither desire nor admit the males untill they have brought forth their Young THe cause hereof is that forasmuch as they are moved by sense only they apply themselves unto the thing that is present very little or nothing at all perceiving things that are past and to come Therfore after they have conceived they are unmindfull of the pleasure that is past and doe abhor copulation for the sense or feeling of lust is given unto them by nature onely for the preservation of their kinde and not for voluptuousnesse or delectation But the males raging swelling and as it were stimulated by the provocations of the heat or fervency of their lust do then runne unto them follow and desire copulation because a certaine strong odour or smell commeth into the aire from their secret or genitall parts which pierceth into their nostrills and unto their braine and so inferreth an imagination desire and heat Contrariwise the sense and feeling of venereous actions seemeth to be given by nature to women not onely for the propagation of issue and for the conservation of mankinde but also to mitigate and asswage the miseries of mans life as it were by the entisements of that pleasure also the great store of hot blood that is about the heart wherewith men abound maketh greatly to this purpose which by impulsion of imagination which ruleth the humours being driven by the proper passages downe from the heart and entralls into the genitall parts doth stirre up in them a new lust The males of brute beasts being provoked or moved by the stimulations of lust rage and are almost burst with a Tentigo or extension of the genitall parts and sometimes waxe mad but after that they have satisfied their lust with the female of their kinde they presently become gentle and leave off such fiercenesse CHAP. IIII. What things are to be observed as necessary unto generation in the time of copulation WHen the husband commeth into his wives chamber hee must entertaine her with all kinde of dalliance wanton behaviour and
as it were in a bagge and cast them therein into the bath wherein Iron red hot hath beene extinguished and let the woman that hath lately travelled sit downe therein so long as shee pleaseth and when shee commeth out let her bee layd warme in bedde and let her take some preserved Orange pill or bread toasted and dipped in Ipocras or in wine brewed with spices and then let her sweate if the sweate will come forth of its owne accord On the next day let astringent fomentations bee applyed to the genitals on this wise prepared â„ž gallar nucum Cupressi corticum granat an â„¥ i. rosar rub mi. thymi majoran an m. ss aluminis rochae salis com an Ê’ii boyle them all together in redde wine and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation for the forenamed use The distilled liquor following is very excellent and effectuall to confirme and to draw in the dugges or any other loose parts â„ž charyophyl nucis moschat nucum cupressi an â„¥ i ss mastich â„¥ ii alumin. roch â„¥ i ss glandium corticis querni an lb ss rosar rubr m. i. cort granat â„¥ ii terrae sigillat â„¥ i. cornu cervi usti â„¥ ss myrtillor sanguinis dracon an â„¥ i. boli armeni â„¥ ii ireos florent â„¥ i. sumach berber Hyppuris an m. ss conquassentur omnia macerentur spatio duorum dierum in lb i ss aquae rosarum lb ii prunorum syvestr mespilorum pomorum quernorum lb ss aquae fabrorum aceti denique fortiss â„¥ iv afterward distill it over a gentle fire and keep the distilled liquor for your use wherewith let the parts be fomented twice in a day And after the fomentation let wollen clothes or stupes of linnen cloth be dipped in the liquor and then pressed out and laid to the place When all these things are done and past the woman may againe keep company with her husband CHAP. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painefull travell in child-birth are THe fault dependeth sometimes on the mother and sometimes on the infant or childe within the wombe On the mother if shee bee more fat if shee bee given to gurmundize or great eating if she be too leane or yong as Savanarola thinketh her to bee that is great with childe at nine yeares of age or unexpert or more old or weaker than shee should bee eyther by nature or by some accident as by diseases that shee hath had a little before the time of child-birth or with a great fluxe of bloud But those that fall in travell before the full and prefixed time are very difficult to deliver because the fruit is yet unripe and not ready or easie to bee delivered If the necke or orifice of the wombe bee narrow eyther from the first conformation or afterwards by some chance as by an ulcer cicatrized or more hard and callous by reason that it hath beene torne before at the birth of some other childe and so cicatrized againe so that if the cicatrizeed place bee not cut even in the moment of the deliverance both the childe and the mother will bee in danger of death also the rude handling of the mydwife may hinder the free deliverance of the child Oftentimes women are letted in travell by shamefac'tnesse by reason of the presence of some man or hate to some woman there present If the secundine bee pulled away sooner than it is necessary it may cause a great fluxe of bloud to fill the wombe so that then it cannot performe his exclusive faculty no otherwise than the bladder when it is distended by reason of overabundance of water that is therein cannot cast it forth so that there is a stoppage of the urine But the wombe is much rather hindred or the faculty of child-bith is stopped or delayed if together with the stopping of the secundine there be either a mole or some other body contrary to nature in the wombe In the secundines of two women whom I delivered of two children that were dead in their bodies I found a great quantity of sand like unto that that is found about the banks of rivers so that the gravell or sand that was in each secundine was a full pound in weight Also the infant may bee the occasion of difficult child-birth as if too bigge if it come overthwart if it come with its face upwards and its buttocks forwards if it come with its feet and hands both forwards at once if it be dead and swolne by reason of corruption if it bee monstrous if it have two bodies or two heads if it bee manifold or seven-fold as Albucrasis affirmeth hee hath seene if there bee a mole annexed thereto if it be very weake if when the waters are flowed out it doth not move or stirre or offer its selfe to come forth Yet notwithstanding it happeneth sometimes that the fault is neither in the mother nor the childe but in the aire which being cold doth so binde congeale and make stiffe the genitall parts that they cannot bee relaxed or being contrariwise too hot it weakeneth the woman that is in travell by reason that it wasteth the spirits wherein all the strength consisteth or in the ignorant and unexpert mydwife who cannot artificially rule and governe the endeavours of the woman in travell The birth is wont to bee easie if it bee in the due and prefixed naturall time if the childe offer himselfe lustily to come forth with his head forwards presently after the waters are come forth and the mother in like manner lusty and strong those which are wont to bee troubled with very difficult child-birth ought a little before the time of the birth to goe into an halfe tub filled with the decoction of mollifying rootes and seeds to have their genitals wombe and necke thereof to bee anoynted with much oyle and the intestines that are full and loaded must bee unburthened of the excrements and then the expulsive faculty provoked with a sharpe glyster that the tumours and swelling of the birth concurring therewith the more easie exclusion may be made But I like it rather better that the woman in travell should be placed in a chaire that hath the backe thereof leaning backwards than in her bed but the chair must have a hole in the bottome whereby the bones that must be dilated in the birth may have more freedome to close themselves againe CHAP. XXX The causes of Abortion or untimely birth ABortion or untimely birth is one thing and effluxion another They call abortion the sudden exclusion of the childe already formed and alive before the perfect maturity thereof But that is called effluxion which is the falling downe of seeds mixed together and coagulated but for the space of a few dayes onely in the formes of membranes or tunicles congealed bloud and of an unshapen or deformed piece of flesh the mydwives of our countrey call it a false branch or budde This effluxion
that hindered her from bearing of children who desired me to see her and I found a certaine very thin nervous membrane a little beneath the nymphae neere unto the orifice of the neck of the wombe in the midst there was a very little hole whereout the termes might flow I seeing the thickenesse thereof cut it in sunder with my sizzers and told her mother what she should doe afterwards and truely shee married shortly after and bore children Realdus Columbus is of my opinion and saith that this is seene very seldome for these are his words under the nymphae in many but not in all virgins there is another membrane which when it is present which is but seldome it stoppeth so that the yard cannot be put into the orifice of the wombe for it is very thicke above towards the bladder it hath an hole by which the courses flow out And hee also addeth that he observed it in two young virgins and in one elder maide Avicen writeth that in virgins in the necke of the wombe there are tunicles composed of veines and ligaments very little rising from each part of the necke thereof which at the first time of copulation are wont to bee broken and the blood to runne out Almansor writeth that in virgins the passage or necke of the wombe is very wrinkled or narrow and straight and those wrinkles to be woaven or stayed together with many little veines and arteries which are broken at the first time of copulation These are the judgements of Physitians of this membrane Midwives will certainly affirme that they know a virgin from one that is defloured by the breach or soundnesse of that membrane But by their report too credulous Judges are soone brought to commit an errour For that Midwives can speake nothing certainely of this membrane may bee proved by this because that one saith that the situation thereof is in the very entrance of the privie parts others say it is in the midst of the necke of the wombe and others say it is within at the inner orifice thereof and some are of an opinion that they say or suppose that it cannot be seen or perceived before the first birth But truly of a thing so rare and which is contrary to nature there cannot be any thing spoken for certainty Therefore the blood that commeth out at the first time of copulation comes not alwaies by the breaking of that membrane but by the breaking and violating or renting of the little veines which are woaven and bespread all over the superficial inward parts of the womb and neck thereof descending into the wrinkles whichin those that have not yet used the act of generation are closed as if they were glewed together although that those maides that are at their due time of marriage feele no pain nor no flux of blood especially if the mans yard be answerable to the neck of the womb whereby it appeares evidently how greatly the inhabitants of Fez the metropolitane city of Mauritania are deceived for Leo the Affrican writeth that it is the custome among them that so soon as the married man and his spouse are returned home to their house from the church where they have been married they presently shut themselves into a chamber and make fast the dore while the marriage dinner is preparing in the mean while some old or grave matron standeth waiting before the chamber dore to receive a bloody linnen cloth the new married husband is to deliver her there which when she hath received she brings it into the midst of all the company of guests as a fresh spoile and testimony of the married wives virginity and then for joy thereof they all fall to banqueting solemnely But if through evill fortune it happeneth that in this time of copulation the spouse bleedeth not in the privie parts shee is restored againe unto her parents which is a very great reproach unto them and all the guests depart home sad heavie and without dinner Moreover there are some that having learned the most filthy and infamous arts of bawdry prostitute common harlots to make gaine thereof making men that are naughtily given to beleeve that they are pure virgins making them to thinke that the act of generation is very painefull and grievous unto them as if they had never used it before although they are very expert therein indeed for they doe cause the necke of the wombe to be so wrinkled and shrunke together so that the sides thereof shall even almost close or meet together then they put thereinto the bladders of fishes or galles of beasts filled full of blood and so deceive the ignorant and young lecher by the fraud and deceit of their evill arts and in the time of copulation they mixe sighes with groanes and womanlike cryings and the crocodiles teares that they may seeme to be virgins and never to have dealt with man before CHAP. XLIII A memorable history of the membrane called Hymen JOhn Wierus writeth that there was a maid at Camburge who in the middest of the necke of the wombe had a thicke and strong membrane growing overthwart so that when the monethly termes should come out it would not permit them so that thereby the menstruall matter was stopped and flowed back againe which caused a great tumour and distension in the belly with great torment as if she had beene in travell with child the mydwives being called and having seene and considered all that had beene done and did appeare did all with one voyce affirme that shee sustained the paines of childe-birth although that the maide her selfe denyed that shee ever dealt with man Therefore then this foresaid Author was called who when the mydwives were void of help and counsell might helpe this wretched maid having already had her urine stopped now three whole weeks and perplexed with great watchings losse of appetite and loathing and when hee had seene the grieved place and marked the orifice of the neck of the wombe he saw it stopped with a thick membrane he knew also that that sudden breaking out of bloud into the wombe and the vessels thereof and the passage for those matters that was stopped was the cause of her grievous and tormenting paine And therefore hee called a Chirurgian presently and willed him to divide the membrane that was in the midst that did stop the fluxe of the bloud which being done there came forth as much black congealed and putrefied bloud as wayed some eight pounds In three dayes after shee was well and void of all disease and paine I have thought it good to set downe this example here because it is worthy to be noted and profitable to be imitated as the like occasion shall happen CHAP. XLIIII Of the strangulation of the wombe THe strangulation of the wombe or that commeth from the wombe is an interception or stopping of the liberty in breathing or taking wind because that the wombe swolne or puffed up by
to plentifull feeding it endureth almost for the space of seven dayes Some call them purgations because that by this fluxe all a womans body is purged of super fluous humours There bee some also that call those fluxes the flowers because that as in plants the flower buddeth out before the fruits so in women kinde this flux goeth before the issue or the conception thereof For the courses flow not before a woman bee able to conceive for how should the seede being cast into the wombe have his nourishment and encrease and how should the child have his nourishment when it is formed of the seed if this necessary humour were wanting in the wombe yet it may bee some women may conceive without this fluxe of the courses but that is in such as have so much of the humour gathered together as is wont to remaine in those which are purged although it bee not so great a quantity that it may flow out as it is recorded by Aristotle But as it is in some very great and in some very little so it is in some seldome and in some very often There are some that are purged twice and some thrice in a moneth but it is altogether in those who have a great liver large veines and are filled and fed with many and greatly nourishing meats which sit idely at home all day which having slept all night doe notwithstanding lye in bed sleeping a great part of the day also which live in a hot moyst rainie and southerly ayre which use warme bathes of sweet waters and gentle frictions which use and are greatly delighted with carnall copulation in these and such like women the courses flow more frequently and abundantly But contrariwise in those that have small and obscure veines in those that have their bodies more furnished and bigge either with flesh or with fat are more seldome purged and also more sparingly because that the superfluous quantity of bloud useth to goe into the habit of the body Also tender delicate and faire women are lesse purged than those that are browne and endued with a more compact flesh because that by the rarity of their bodies they suffer a greater wasting or dissipation of their substance by transpiration Moreover they are not so greatly purged with this kind of purgation which have some other solemne or accustomed evacuation in any other place of their body as by the nose or hemorrhoids And as concerning their age old women are purged when the Moone is old and young women when the Moone is new as it is thought I thinke the cause thereof is for that the Moone ruleth moyst bodies for by the variable motion thereof the Sea floweth and ebbeth and bones marrow and plants abound with their genitall humour Therefore young people which have much bloud and more fluxible and their bodies more fluxible are soone moved unto a fluxe although it bee even in the first quarter of the Moones risingor increasing but the humours of old women because they wax stiffe as it were with cold are not so abundant and have more dense bodies and straighter vessels are not so apt to a fluxe nor do they so easily flow except it bee in the full of the Moon or else in the decrease that is to say because the bloud that is gathered in the full of the Moon falls from the body even of its own weight for that by reason of the decreasing or wane of the Moone this time of the month is more cold and moyst CHAP. L. The causes of the monethly flux or courses BEcause a woman is more cold and therefore hath the digestive faculty more weake it commeth to passe that shee requireth and desireth more meate or foode than shee can digest or concoct And because that superfluous humour that remaineth is not digested by exercise nor by the efficacy of strong and lively heat therefore by the providence or benefit of nature it floweth out by the veines of the wombe by the power of the expulsive faculty at its owne certaine and prefixed season or time But then especially it beginneth to flow and a certaine crude portion of bloud to bee expelled being hurtfull and maligne otherwise in no quality when nature hath laid her principall foundations of the encrease of the body so that in greatnesse of the body she hath come as it were in a manner to the highest toppe that is to say from the thirteenth to the fiftieth yeare of our age Moreover the childe cannot bee formed in the wombe nor have his nutriment or encrease without this fluxe therefore this is another finall cause of the monethly flux Many are perswaded that women do farre more abound with bloud than men considering how great an abundance of bloud they cast forth of their secret parts every moneth from the thirteenth to the fiftieth yeare of their age how much women great with childe of whom also many are menstruall yeelde unto the nutriment and encrease of the childe in their wombes and how much Physicians take from women that are with childe by opening of a veine which otherwise would bee delivered before their naturall and prefixed time how great a quantity thereof they avoid in the birth of their children and for ten or twelve daies after and how great a quantity of milk they spend for the nourishment of the child when they give sucke which milke is none other thing than blood made white by the power of the kernels that are in the dugges which doth suffice to nourish the childe be he great or little yet notwithstanding many nurses in the meane while are menstruall and as that may be true so certainely this is true that one dramme that I may so speake of a mans blood is of more efficacy to nourish and encrease than two pounds of womans blood because it is farre more perfect more concocted wrought and better replenished with abundance of spirits whereby it commeth to passe that a man endued with a more strong heat doth more easily convert what meat soever he eateth unto the nourishment substance of his body if that any superfluity remains he doth easily digest and scatter it by insensible transpiration But a woman being more cold than a man because shee taketh more than shee can concoct doth gather together more humours which because shee cannot disperse by reason of the unperfectnesse and weakenesse of her heat it is necessary that shee should suffer and have her monethly purgation especially when shee groweth unto some bignesse but there is no such need in a man CHAP. LI. The causes of the suppression of the courses or menstruall fluxe THe courses are suppressed or stopped by many causes as by sharpvehement and long diseases by feare sorrow hunger immoderate labours watchings fluxes of the belly great bleeding hoemorrhoides fluxes of blood at the mouth and evacuations in any other part of the body whatsoever often opening of a
with a little swelling with a knife or lancet so breaking and opening a way for them notwithstanding that a little fluxe of blood will follow by the tension of the gummes of which kind of remedy I have with prosperous and happy successe made tryall in some of mine owne children in the presence of Feureus Altinus and Cortinus Doctors of Physick and Guillemeau the Kings Chirurgian which is much better and more safe than to doe as some nurses doe who taught onely by the instinct of nature with their nailes and scratching breake and teare or rent the childrens gummes The Duke of Nevers had a sonne of eight moneths old which died of late and when wee with the Physitians that were present diligently sought for the cause of his death we could impute it unto nothing else than to the contumacious hardnesse of the gums which was greater than was convenient for a childe of that age for therefore the teeth could not breake forth nor make a passage for themselves to come forth of which our judgement this was the tryall that when we cut his gummes with a knife we found all his teeth appearing as it were in an array ready to come forth which if it had bin done when he lived doubtlesse he might have beene preserved The End of the twenty fourth Booke OF MONSTERS AND PRODIGIES THE TWENTY FIFTH BOOK THE PREFACE WEe call Monsters what things soever are brought forth contrary to the common decree and order of nature So wee terme that infant monstrous which is borne with one arme alone or with two heads But we define Prodigies those things which happen contrary to the whole course of nature that is altogether differing and dissenting from nature as if a woman should bee delivered of a Snake or a Dogge Of the first sort are thought all those in which any of those things which ought and are accustomed to bee according to nature is wanting or doth abound is changed worne covered or defended hurt or not put in his right place for somtimes some are born with more fingers than they should other some but with one finger some with those parts devided which should be joyned others with those parts joyned which should bee devided some are borne with the privityes of both sexes male and female And Aristotle saw a Goate with a horne upon her knee No living creature was ever borne which wanted the Heart but some have beene seene wanting the Spleene others with two Spleenes and some wanting one of the Reines And none have bin known to have wanted the whole Liver although some have bin found that had it not perfect and whole and there have beene those which wanted the Gall when by nature they should have had it and besides it hath beene seene that the Liver contrary to his naturall site hath lien on the left side and the Spleene on the right Some women also have had their privities closed and not perforated the membranous obstacle which they call the Hymen hindering And men are sometimes borne with their fundaments eares noses and the rest of the passages shut and are accounted monstrous nature erring from its entended scope But to conclude those Monsters are thought to portend some ill which are much differing from their nature CHAP. I. Of the cause of Monsters and first of those Monsters which appeare for the glory of God and the punishent of mens wickednesse THere are reckoned up many causes of monsters the first whereof is the glory of God that his immense power may be manifested to those which are ignorant of it by the sending of those things which happen contrary to nature for thus our Saviour Christ answered the Disciples asking whether he or his parents had offended who being born blind received his sight from him that neither he nor his parents had committed any fault so great but this to have happened onely that the glory and majesty of God should be divulged by that miracle and such great workes Another cause is that God may either punish mens wickednesse or shew signes of punishment at hand because parents sometimes lye and joine themselves together without law and measure or luxuriously and beastly or at such times as they ought to forbeare by the command of God and the Church such monstrous horrid and unnaturall births doe happen At Verona Anno Dom. 1254. a mare foaled a colt with the perfect face of a man but all the rest of the body like an horse a little after that the warre betweene the Florentines and Pisans began by which all Italy was in a combustion The figure of a Colt with a mans face About the time that Pope Julius the second raised up all Italy and the greatest part of Christendome against Lewis the twelfth the King of France in the yeere of our Lord 1512. in which yeere upon Easter day neere Ravenna was fought that mortall battell in which the Popes forces were overthrowne a monster was borne in Ravenna having a horne upon the crowne of his head and besides two wings and one foot alone most like to the feet of birds of prey and in the knee thereof an eye the privities of male and female the rest of the body like a man as you may see by the following figure The figure of awinged Monster The third cause is an abundance of seed overflowing matter The fourth the same in too little quantity and deficient The fift the force and efficacy of imagination The sixt the straightnesse of the wombe The seaventh the disorderly site of the party with childe and the position of the parts of the body The eighth a fall straine or stroake especially upon the belly of a woman with child The ninth hereditary diseases or affects by any other accident The tenth the confusion and mingling together of the seed The eleventh the craft and wickednesse of the divell There are some others which are accounted for monsters because they have their originall or essence full of admiration or doe assume a certaine prodigious forme by the craft of some begging companions therefore we will speak briefly of them in their place in this our treatise of monsters CHAP. II. Of monsters caused by too great abundance of seed SEeing wee have already handled the two former and truely finall causes of monsters we must now come to those which are the matereall corporeall and efficient causes taking our beginning from that we call the too great abundance of the matter of seed It is the opinion of those Philosophers which have written of monsters that if at any time a creature bearing one at once as man shall cast forth more seed in copulation than is necessary to the generation of one body it cannot be that onely one should bee begot of all that therefore from thence either two or more must arise whereby it commeth to passe that these are rather judged wonders because they happen seldome and contrary to common custome Superfluous parts
ministered unto them of their owne accord and so came to themselves againe In the doing of all these things Iames Guillemeau Chirurgion unto the King and of Paris and Iohn of Saint Germanes the Apothecary did much helpe and further us In the afternoone that the matter being well begunne might have good successe Iohn Hautie and Lewis Thibaut both most learned Phisitions were sent for unto us with whom we might consult on other things that were to be done They highly commending all things that we had done already thought it very convenient that cordialls should be ministered unto them which by ingendering of laudable humors might not onely generate new spirits but also attenuate and purifie those that were grosse and cloudy in their bodies The rest of our consultation was spent in the enquirie of the cause of so dire a mischance For they sayd that it was no new or strange thing that men may be smothered with the fume and cloudy vapour of burning coales For we reade in the workes of Fulgosius Volateranus and Egnatius that as the Emperour Iovinian travelled in winter time toward Rome he being weary in his journey rested at a Village called Didastanes which divideth Bithynia from Galatia where he lay in a chamber that was newly made and plaistered with lime wherein they burnt many coales for to dry the worke or plaistering that was but as yet greene on the walls or roofe of the chamber Now he dyed the very same night being smothered or strangled with the deadly and poysonous vapour of the burned charcoale in the midst of the night this happened to him in the eighth moneth of his reigne the thirtyeth yeere of his age and on the twentyeth day of August But what neede we to exemplifie this matter by the ancient histories seeing that not many yeeres since three servants dyed in the house of Iohn Bigâ—ne goldsmith who dwelleth at the turning of the bridge of the Change by reason of a fire made of coales in a close chamber without a chimney where they lay And as concerning the causes these were alleaged Many were of opinion that it happened by the default of the vapour proceeding from the burned coales which being in a place voyd of all ayre or wind inferres such like accidents as the vapour of muste or new wine doth that is to say paine and giddinesse of the head For both these kindes of vapour besides that they are crude like unto those things whereof they come can also very suddainely obstruct the originall of the Nerves and so cause a convulsion by reason of the grossnesse of their substance For so Hippocratâ—s writing of those accidents that happen by the vapour of new wine speaketh If any man being drunken doe suddainely become speechlesse and hath a convulsion he dyeth unlesse he have a feaver therewithall or if he recover not his speech againe when his drunkennesse is over Even on the same manner the vapour of the coales assaulting the braine caused them to be speechlesse unmoveable and voyde of all sense and had dyed shortly unlesse by ministring and applying warme medicines into the mouth and to the nosethrells the grossnesse of the vapour had beene attenuated and the expulsive faculties mooved or provoked to expell all those things that were noysome and also although at the first sight the Lungs appeared to be greeved more than all the other parts by reason that they drew the maligne vapour into the body yet when you consider them well it will manifestly appeare that they are not greeved unlesse it be by the simpathy or affinity that they have with the braine when it is very greevously afflicted The proofe hereof is because presently after there followeth an interception or defect of the voyce sense and motion which accidents could not bee unlesse the beginning or originall of the nerves were intercepted or letted from performing its function being burthened by some matter contrary to nature And even as those that have an apoplexie doe not dye but for want of respiration yet without any offence of the Lungs even so these two young mens deathes were at hand by reason that their respiration or breathing was in a manner altogether intercepted not through any default of the Lungs but of the braine and nerves distributing sence and motion to the whole body and especially to the instruments of respiration Others contrariwise contended and sayd that there was no default in the braine but conjectured the interception of the vitall spirits letted or hindered from going up unto the braine from the heart by reason that the passages of the Lungs were stopped to be the occasion that sufficient matter could not be afforded for to perserve and feed the animall spirit Which was the cause that those young men were in danger of death for want of respiration without the which there can be no life For the heart being in such a case cannot deliver it selfe from the fuliginous vapour that encompasseth it by reason that the Lungs are obstructed by the grossnesse of the vapour of the coales whereby inspiration cannot well bee made for it is made by the compassing ayre drawne into our bodyes but the ayre that compasseth us doth that which nature endeavoureth to doe by inspiration for it moderateth the heate of the heart and therefore it ought to bee endued with foure qualities The first is that the quantity that is drawne into the body bee sufficient The second is that it be cold or temperate in quantity The third is that it be of a thinne and meane consistence The fourth is that it be of a gentle and benigne substance But these foure conditions were wanting in the ayre which these two young men drew into their bodyes being in a close chamber For first it was little in quantity by reason that small quantity that was contained in that little close chamber was partly consumed by the fire of coales no otherwise than the ayre that is conteined in a cupping glasse is consumed in a moment by the flame so soone as it is kindled Furthermore it was neither cold nor temperate but as it were enflamed with the burning fire of coales Thirdly it was more grosse in consistence than it should bee by reason of the admixtion of the grosser vapour of the coales for the nature of the ayre is so that it may bee soone altered and will very quickly receive the formes and impressions of those substances that are about it Lastly it was noysome and hurtfull in substance and altogether offensive to the aiery substance of our bodies For Charcoale are made of greene wood burnt in pits under ground and then extinguished with their owne fume or smoake as all Colliers can tell These were the opinions of most learned men although they were not altogether agreeable one unto another yet both of them depended on their proper reasons For this at least is manifest that those passages which are common to the breast and braine were
701. Signes that iâ— flowes from the Braine or Liver ibid. How to know this or that humor accompanying the Gouty malignitie 702. Prognostickes ibid. The generall method to prevent and cure it 704. Vomiting sometimes good 705. other generall remedies 706. Diet convenient 707. What wine not good 708. How to strengthen the joynts ibid. The palliative cure thereof 709. Locall medicines in a cold Gout 710. In a hot or sanguine Goute 713. In a Cholericke Goute 714. What is to be done after the sit is over 717. Tophi or knots how caused ibid. The hip-goute or sciatica 719. The cure thereof 720 Gristles what 136. of the nose 186. of the Larinx 194 Groines their wounds 399. Their Tumors see Bubo's Guajacum The choise faculties and parts 728. The preparation of the decoction thereof 729. The use 730 Gullet and the History thereof 157. The wounds thereof 387 Gums overgrowne with flesh how to be helped 293 Guns who their inventer 406. Their force 407. The cause of their reports 415 Gunpouder not poysonous 409. 412. How made 412 Gutta rosacea what 1080. The cure 1081 Guts their substance figure and number 105 Their site and connexion 106. Action 107. How to be taken forth 115. Signes that they are wounded 396. Their cure 397. Their Vlcers 480 H. HAemorrhoides what their differences and cure 487. In the necke of the wombe 955 Haemorrhoidalis interna 112. Externa 117 Haemorrhoidalisarteria â—ive mesenteâ—ica inferior 115 Haemorrhouâ— a Serpent his bite the signes und cure 791 Haijt a strange beast 1022 Haire what the originall and use 160. How to make it blacke 1081. 1082. How to take it off 1082 Hairy sealpe the connexion and use 160. The wounds thereof not to bee neglected ibid. The cure thereof being contused 361 Hand taken generally what 208 209. The fracture thereof with the cure 577. How to supply the defect thereof 879 881 Hares how they provide for their young 61 Hare-lips what 383. Their cure 384 Harmonia what 243 Hawkes 70 Head the generall description thereof 159. The containing and contained parts thereof 160. The musculous skin thereof ibid. Why affected when any membranous part is hurt 160. The watry Tumor thereof 289. The wounds thereof 337 338 c. The falling away of the Haire and other affects thereof 637 638 c. The dislocation thereof 603 Hearing the Organe object c. thereof 24 Heart and the History thereof 144 145. The ventricles thereof 145. Signes of the wounds thereof 388 Heate one and the same the efficient cause of all humors at the same time â—14 Three causes thereof 250 Hecticke feaver with the differences causes signes and cure 393 Hedg-hogs how they provide for their young 61 Heele and the parts thereof 234. Why a fracture thereof so dangerous ibid. The dislocation thereof 632. symptomes following upon the contusion thereof ibid. Why subject to inflammation 633 Hemicrania see Megrim Hemlocke the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 806 Henbane the poysonous quality and the cure 805 Hermaphrodites 28 and 972. Herne his sight and the Falcon. 70 Hernia and the kinds thereof 304. Humoralis 313 Herpes and the kinds thereof 264. The cure 265 Hip-gout see Sciatica Hippe the dislocation thereof 623. prognostickes 624. signes that it is dislocated out-wardly or inwardly 625. dislocated forwards 626. backwards ibid. how to restore the inward dislocation 627. the outward dislocation 629. the forward dislocation ibid. the backward dislocation 630 Hippocrates his effigies 1115 Hoga a monstrous fish 1008 Holes of the inner Basis of the scull 174. of the externall Basis thereof 175. small ones sometimes remain after the cure of great wounds 384 Holy-bone his number of Vertebrae and their use 198. the fracture thereof 575 Hordeolum an affect of the Eye-lids 642 Hornes used in stead of Ventoses 696 Horse-leaches their application and use ibid. their virulency and the cure 800 Hot-houses how made 1077 Hulpalis a monstrous beast 1017 Humeraria arteria 153 Vena 210 Humours their temperaments 11. the knowledge of them necessary ibid. their definition and division 12. Serous and secundary as Ros Cambium Gluten 15. An argument of their great putrefaction 417 Humours of the eye 182 Aqueus 183 Crystallinus 184 Vitreus ibid. Hydatis 643 Hydrargyrum the choice preparation and use thereof in the Lues venerea 731 Hydrophalia whether uncureable 787 What cure must be used therein 789 Hydrocephalos what 289. The causes differences signes c. ibid. The cure 290 Hydrocele 304. 311 Hymen 130 Whether any or no 937 A history thereof 938 Hyoides os the reason of the name composure site c. thereof 191 Hypochondria their site 85 Hypochyma 651 Hypogastricae venae 117 Hypopyon 650 Hypothenar 222 I. JAundice a medicine therefore 303 Jaw the bones thereof and their productions 178 The fracture of the lower jaw 567 How to helpeit 568 The dislocation thereof 600 The cure ibid. Ibis abird the inventer of glysters 56 Ichneumon how hee armes himselfe to assaile the Crocodile 66 Idlenesse the discommodities thereof 35 Jejunum intestinum 105 Ileon 106 Iliaca arteria 115 Vena 117 Ilium os 227 Ill conformation 41 Imagination and the force thereof 897 Impostors their impudency and craft 51 372 Impostume what their causes and differences 249 Signes of them in generall 250 Prognostickes 252 What considerable in opening of them 259 Inanition see Emptinesse Incus 163. 191 Indication whence to be drawne 5. of feeding 33. what 42. the kindes 43. a table of them 48. observable in wounds by gun-shot 426 Infant what he must take before he sucke 907 their crying what it doth 912. how to be preserved in the wombe when the mother is dead 923. See Childe Inflammation of the almonds of the throat and their cure 293. 294. of the Uvula 294. of the eyes 645 Inflammation hinders the reposition or putting dislocated members into joint 619 Insessus what their manner matter and use 1073 Instruments used in Surgery for opening abscesses 258. 259 A vent for the wombe 283. 955 An iron plate and actuall cautery for the cure of the Ranula 293 Constrictory rings to bind the Columella 295 Speculum oris ibid. 332 A trunke with cautery to cauterize the Uvula 296 An incision knife 298 An actuall cautery with the plate for the cure of the Empyema 299. of a pipe to evacuate the water in the Dropsie 303. Wherewith to make the golden ligature 310. to stitch up wounds 327 A Razour or incision knife 341. A chisel ib. Radulae vel Scalpri 343. A threefooted levatory 344. Other levatories 345. 346. Sawes to divide the skull ib. a desquamatory Trepan 346. Rostra psittaci 347. Scrapers pincers and a leaden mallet ib. A piercer to enter a Trepan 365. Trepans 366. 367. Terebellum 367. A lentill-like Scraper ib. cutting compasses 368. 369. A conduit pipe syrenge 370. to depresse the dura Meninx 1373. speculum oculi 379. for making a Seton 382. Pipes used in wounds of the chest 392. to draw out bullets
419. 420. c. Dilaters Probes to draw through flammula's 422. to draw forth arrow-heads 439. 441. A scarificator 446. A dismembring knife saw 459. A dilater to open the mouth 464. A pyoulcos or Matter-drawer 479. A Glossocomium 578. A lattin Casse 587. A pulley and hand-vice 599. the glossocomium called Ambi 615. litle hooks needles and an incision knife to take away the Web 648. files for filing the teeth 658. for cleansing drawing the teeth 660. cutting mullets to take off superfluous fingers 662. a Cathaeter 665. Gimblet to break the stone in the passage of the yard 671. other instruments to take out the stone 672. used in cutting for the stone 673. c. 680. 681. 〈◊〉 Lancet Cupping-glasses 695. Horns to be used for ventoses 696. Cathaeters to weare away caruncles 744. Trepans for rotten bones 748. actuall cauteries 749. Gryphons tallons 927. 929. Hooks to draw forth the childe 916. Specula matricis 956 Instruments when necessary in restoring broken bones 565 Intercartalaginei musculi 206. 2071 Intercostalis arteria 113. 153 Intercostales musculi externi 206. interni 207 Interosses musculi 223. 239. Intestinalis vena 112 Intromoventes musculi 230 Joy and the effects thereof 39 Joints their wounds 403. how to strengthen them 708. how to mitigate their paines caused onely by distemper 716 Ischiadica vena 224. Ischium oâ— 227 Issues or fontanells 706 Itching of the Wombe 957 Judgement why difficult 1131 Junks what 559. their use 560. K. KAll its substance c. 101. 102. what to be done when it falls out in wounds 308 Kernels of the eares 189. Kibes where bred 238 Kidneyes their substance c. 117. signes that they are wounded 397 ulcers their cure 481. 686. their heat how tempered 850 Kings-evil what the cause 274. the cure 275 Knee dislocated forward how to restore it 631 L. LAgophthalmia what 378. the causes and cure 642 Lamenes how helped 884 Lamprey their care of their young 64 Lampron their poysonons bite 801 Larinx what meant thereby 194. its magnitude figure composure c. ib. Latissimus musculus 208 Leaches see Horse-leaches Legge taken in generall what 223. the bone therof 231. the wounds 399. the fracture cure 582. the cure of the Authors legge being broken 582. 585. their crookednesse how helped 879. defect supplied 882. 883 Leprosie the causes therof 769. the signes 770 c. why called Morbus Ieoninus 771 the prognosticks diet cure 773. it sometimes followes the Lues venerea 724 Lepus marinus the poyson the symptomes cure 803 Levator musculus 208. Levatores Ani 107 Life what its effects 895. See Soule Ligaments their use 96. why without sense 198 their difference 199. their wounds 404. Ligatures for wounds are of three sorts 325 too hard hurtfull 374. they must bee neatly made 555. for what uses they chiefly serve 358. in use at this day for fractures 579. how infractures joyned with wounds 584 which for extension 598. See Bandages Lightning the wonderfull nature the stinking smell therof 414. how it may infect the Aire 781 Lime unquencht the hurtfull quality cure 810 Linimeâ—â—s are not to be used in wounds of the Chest 390. their matter form use 1055 Lion his provident care in going 66 Lion of the sea 1003. Lippiâ—udo 644 Litharge its poysonous quality cure 810 Liver what 109. its substance c. ibid. 110. sggns of the wounds therof 396. why it is called parenchyma 893 Loines their nerves 226 Loâ—gus musculus 205. 218. 232 Laies venerea what 723. the hurt it causeth ib. the causes thereof 724. in what humor the malignity resideth 725. it causes more pain in the night than in the day ib. sometimes lyes long hid ib. signes therof 746. prognosticks 727. how to be oppugned 728. to whom wine may be allowed 730. the second manner of cure ibid. the third manner of cure 734. the fourth maner 736. how to cure its symptomes 737. it causes bunches on the bones 746. rotten bones how perceived cured 747. tettars and chaps occasioned thereby and their cure 754. how to cure children of this disease 755. it kills by excesse of moisture 779 Lumbaris regio sive lumbi 85. Arteria 114. Vena 116. Lumbrici musculi 222. 239 Lungs their substance c. 142. 143. signes of their wounds 388. which curable 392. Lupiae what their causes and cure 272 Luxation 593. which uncureable 95. Lying in bed how it must bee 36 M MAdde dogge see Dogge Magick and the power thereof 989 Magistrates office in time of plague 829 Males of what seed generated 888 Malleolus one of the bones of the auditory passage 163. 191 Mammillary processes 166. their use 169 Mammaria arteria 153 Man his excellency 74. c. the division of his body 83. why distinguished into male and female 885 Mandrake its danger and cure 806 Marrow why it may seeme to have the sense of feeling 589 Masseter muscle 188 Mastoideus musculus 204 Masticatories their forme and use 1069 Matrix see Wombe Medow-saffron the poysonous quality therof and cure 809 Meat the quantity and quality thereof 31 accustomed more grateful and nourishing 32. order to be observed in eating 33. the time ib. fit to generate a Callus 589 Meazels what their matter 757. why they itch not 758. their cure 759 Mediastinum its substance c. 141 Medicines their excellency 1027. their definition and difference in matter and substance 1028. in qualities and of their first faculties 1029. their second third fourth faculties 1033. the preparation 1037. the composition necessity and use therof 1049 Megrim the causes c. thereof 640 Melancholy the temper therof 11. the nature consistence c. 13. the effects thereof 15. of it corrupted 16 Melancholick persons their complexion c 18. why they hurt themselves 786. Meliceris what kinde of tumor 271 Membranosus musculus 232 Memorie what 897 Menstruall fluxe signes of the first approach thereof 950. See Courses Meninges their number c. 164 Mercury sublimate its caustick force 809 the cure 810 Meremaid 1004 Mesentery its substance c. 108. the tumors therof 929. the sink of the body 930 Midriffe its substance c. 141. 142. signes of the wounds thereof 388 Milk soon corrupts in a phlegmatick stomack 907. the choice therof 909. how to drive it downewards 918. Millepes cast forth by urine 762 Milt see Spleene Mola the reason of the name and how bred 925. how to be discerned from a true conception 925. a history and description of a strange one 926. the figure thereof 927. what cure to be used thereto 928. Mollifying medicines 141. 142 Monks-hood the poyson and cure 905 Monstrous creatures bred in man 762 c. Monsters what 961 their causes descriptions 962. c. caused by defect of seed 975. by imagination 978. by straitnesse of the womb 980. by the site of the mother ib. by a stroak c. 981. by confusion of seed of divers
thereof 101. Ring-wormes 264. Rotula genu 231. Rough artery 156. Rowlers see Bandages Rules of Surgery 1119. Rumpe the fractures thereof 575. The dislocation thereof 607. The cure ibid. Ruptures 304. Their kindes ibid. Their cure 305. 306. 307. 311. S. SAcer musculus 207. Sacrae venae 117. Sacro-lumbus musculus 206. Salamander the symptomes that ensue upon his poyson and the cure 793. Salivation 38. Sanguine persons their manners and diseases 17. Sapheia vena when and where to be opened 224. Sarcocele 304. The progrostickes and cure 312. Sarcotickes simple and compound 1044. None truely such ibid. Scabious the effect thereof against a pestilent Carbuncle 860. Scailes how knowne to be severed from the bones 586. Scailes of Brasse their poysonous quality and cure 810. Of iron their harme and cure ibid. Scald-head the signes and cure thereof 638. Scalenus musculus 205. Scalpe hairy scalpe 160. Scaphoides os 234. Scarrs how to helpe their deformity 861. Scarus a fish 67. Sceleton 239. 240. 241. what 242. Sciatica the cause c. 719. The cure 720. Scirrhus what 278. What tumours referred thereto 254. The differences signes and prognosticks 278. Cure ibid. Scorpion bred in the braine by smelling to Basill 761. Their description sting and cure 797. Scrophulae their cause and cure 274. Scull and the bones thereof 162. The fractures thereof See Fractures Depression thereof how helped 344. Where to be trepaned 369. Sea feather and grape 1007. Sea-hare his description poyson and the cure thereof 803. Seasons of the yeare 10. Secundine why presently to be taken away after the birth of the childe 904. Why so called 906. Causes of the stay and symptoms that follow thereon ibid. Seed bones 220. 236. Seed the condition of that which is good 885. The qualities 888. The ebullition thereof c. 893. Why the greatest portion therof goes to the generation of the head and brain 894. Seeing the instrument object c. thereof 24. Semicupium the forme manner and use thereof 1073. Semispinatus musculus 207. Sense common sense and the functions thereof 896. Septum lucidum 167. Septicke medicines 1046. Serpent Haemorrous his bite cure 791. Seps his bite and cure ibid. Basiliske his bite and cure 792. Aspe his bite and cure 794. Snake his bite and cure 795. Serratus musculus major 206. posterior superior ibid. minor 208. Serous humour 15. Sesamoidia ossa 220. 236. Seton wherefore good 381. the manner of making thereof ibid. Sepe what and the difference thereof 27â— Histories of the change thereof 974. Shame and shame fac'tnesse their effects 40 Shin bone 231. Shoulder-blade the fractures thereof 569. the cure 570. the dislocation 608. the first manner of restoring it 609. the second manner 610. the third maner 611. the fourth manner ibid. the fifth 612. the sixth 614. how to restore it dislocated forwards 617. outwards 618. upwards ibid. Signes of sanguine cholericke phlegmatick and melancholick persons 17. 18. Signes in generall whereby to judge of diseases 1122. c. Silkewormes their industry 60. Similar parts how many and which 81. Simple medicines their difference in qualities and effects 1029. hot cold moist drie in all degrees 1031. 1032. their accidentall qualities 1032. their preparation 1037. Siren 1001. Skin twofold the utmost or scarfe-skin 88. the true skin 89. the substance magnitude c. thereof ib. Sleepe what it is 35. the fit time the use and abuse thereof 36. when hurtfull 277. how to procure it 850. Smelling the object and medium thereof 24. Snake his bite and the cure 795. Solanum manicum the poysonous quality and cure 805. Soleus musculus 238. Solution of continuitie 42. why harder to repaire in bones 562. Sorrow the effects thereof 39. Soule or life what it performes in plants beasts men 7. when it enters into mans body c. 895. Sounds whence the difference 191. Southerne people how tempered 17. South winde why pestilent 823. Sowning what the causes and cure 334. Sparrowes with what care they breed their young 58. Spermatica arteria 114 vena 116. Spermatick vessels in men 119. in women 126. the cause of their foldings 887. Sphincter muscle of the fundament 106. of the bladder 124. Spiders their industry 58. their differences and bites 798. Spinall marrow the coats substance use c. thereof 175. signes of the wounds thereof 389. Spinatus musculus 205. Spine the dislocation thereof 602. 603. how to restore it 604. a further enquirie thereof 605. prognosticks 606. Spirit what 25. threefold viz. Animall Vitall and Naturall 25. 26. fixed ib. their use 27. Spirits how to be extracted out of herbs and flowers c. 1105. Spleene the substance magnitude figure c. thereof 111 112. Splenius musculus 201. Splints and their use 559. Spring the temper thereof 10. Squinancie the differences symptomes c. thereof 296. the cure 297. Stapes one of the bones of the Auditorie passage 163. 191. Staphiloma an affect of the eyes the causes thereof 649. Stars how they worke upon the Aire 30. Steatoma what 271. Sternon the anatomicall administration thereof 139. Sternutamentories their description and use 1068. Stinging of Bees Wasps Scorpions c. see Bees Wasps Scorpions c. Sting-Ray the symptomes that follow his sting and the cure 802. Stink an inseparable companion of putrefaction 318. Stomacke the substance magnitude c. thereof 103. the orifices thereof 104. signes of the wounds thereof 396. the ulcers thereof 480. Stones see Testicles Stone the causes thereof 664. signes of it in the kidneyes and bladder ibid. prognostickes 666. the prevention thereof 667. what to bee done when the stone falls into the ureter 669. signes it is fallen out of the ureter into the bladder 670. what to be done when it is in the necke of the bladder or the passage of the yard 671. how to cut for the stone in the bladder 672. 673. 674. c. how to cure the wound 679. to help the ulcer when the urine flowes out by it 681. how to cut women for the stone 682. divers strange ones mentioned 996. 997. Storkes their piety 61. Stoves how to be made 1077. Strangury the causes c. thereof 688. a virulent one what 738. the causes and differences thereof ibid. prognostickes 739. from what part the matter thereof flowes ibid. the generall cure 740. the proper cure 741. why it succeedeth immoderate copulation 887. Strangulation of the mother or womb 939. signes of the approach thereof 941. the causes and cure 942. Strengthening medicines see Corroborating Strumae see Kings-evill Sublimate see Mercury Subclavian see Arterie and Veine Subclauius musculus 206. Succarath a beast of the west Indies 61 Suffusio see Cataract Sugillations see Contusions Summer the temper thereof 10. Supinatores musculi 221. Suppuration the signes thereof 251. caused by naturall heat 275. Suppuratives 258. 275. 292. an effectuall one 433. their differences c. 1041. how they differ from emollients ibid. Superfoetation what 924. the reason thereof ibid. Suppositories their difference
basilicum sive tetrapharmacum ib. diapompholigos 1057. desiccativum rub ib. enulatum ib. Album Rhasis ib. Altheae ib. populeon ib. apostolorum ib. comitissae ib. pro stomacho 1058. ad morsus rabiosos 〈…〉 ibid. Unicorn if any such beast what the name imports 813. what the ordinary horns are 814. not effectual against poyson ib. effectuall onely to dry ib. in what cases good 815 Voices whence so various 194 Vomits their force 38. their descriptions 277 Vomiting why it happens in the Collick 106. the fittest time therfore 705. to make it easie ib. Voyages and other employments wherein the Author was present of Thurin 1142. of Marolle low Britany 1144. of Perpignan 1145. of Landresie Bologne 1146. of Germany 1147. of Danvilliers 1148. of Castle of Compt 1149. of Mets 1150. of Hedin 1155. Battell of S. Quintin 1164. Voyage of Amiens of Harbour of Grace 1165. to Roven ib. battell of Dreux 1166 of Moncontour 1167. voyage of Flanders 1168. of Burges 1172. battell of S. Denis 1172. voyage of Bayon 1173 Uraclius 134. Ureters their substance c. 123 Urine sâ—opt by dislocation of the thigh-bone 626 suppression thereof how deadly 666. how it happens by internall causes 683. by externall 684 prognosticks ib. things unprofitable in the whole body purged thereby 683. bloody the differences and causes thereof 685. the cure 687. scalding therof how helped 740. a receptacle for such as cannot keepe it 877. Urines of such as have the plague somtimes like those that are in health 832 Utelif a strange fish 69. Uvea tunica 183 Vulnerary potions their use 752. the names of the simples whereof they are composed 753. their form and when chiefly to bee used ib. Uvula the site use therof 193. the inflaÌ„mation and relaxation thereof 294. the cure 295. W. WAlnut tree and the malignity therof 808 Warts of the neck of the womb 955. their cure 956. Washes to be beautifie the skin 1079 Wasps their stinging how helped 789 Watching and the discommodities thereof 37 Water its qualities 6. best in time of plague 824 Waters how to bâ—â—distilled 1099. Watrish tumors their signes and cure 269. 270 Weapons of the Antients compared with those of the moderne times 407 Weazon the substance c. therof 156. how to be opened in extreme diseases 294. the wounds therof 387. the ulcers thereof 480 Weaknesse two causes thereof 250 Web on the eye which curable which not 647 the cure ibid. Wedge bone 172 Weights and measures with their notes 1049 Wens their causes and cure 272. 273. how to distinguish them in the breast from a Cancer 273 Whale why reckoned among monsters 1012. they bring forth young suckle them ib. how caught ibid. Whale-bone 1013 Whirle-bone the fracture thereof and cure 582 the dislocation thereof 630 White lime 100 Whites the reason of the name differences c. 952. causes 953. their cure 954 Whitlowes 314 Wine which not good in the Gout 708 Winds their tempers and qualities 20. 30 Winter and the temper thereof 10. how it encreaseth the native heat 11 Wisedome the daughter of memorie and experience 898 Witches hurtby the Devils assistance 989 Wolves their deceits and ambushes 66 Wombe the substance magnitude c. thereof 128. 129. the coats thereof 132. signes of the wounds thereof 347. ulcers therof their cure 482. when it hath received the seed it is shut up 891. the falling downe thereof how caused 906 it is not distinguished into cells 924. a scirrhus thereof 930. signes of the distemper thereof 933 which meet for conception ib. of the falling down pervertion or turning thereof 934. the cure therof 935. it must be cut away when it is putrefyed 936. the strangulation or suffocation therof 939. see Strangulation Women their nature 27. how to know whether they have conceived 890. their travell in child-birth and the cause thereof 899. what must bee done to them presently after their deliverance 917. bearing many children at a birth 970. 971 Wonderfull net 172 Wondrous originall of some creatures 1000. nature of some marine things ibid. Wormes in the teeth their causes and how killed 658. bred in the head 762. cast forth by urine 765. how generated and their differences ibid. of monstrous length 766. signes ib. the cure 7â—7 Wounds may be cured only with liâ—â— water 52 Wounds termed great in three respects 323 112. Wounds poysoned how cured â—80 Wounds of the head at Paris and of the leg at Avignon why hard to bee cured 4â—7 Wounds what the divers appellation and divison of them 321. their causes signes 322. prognostickes 323. small ones sometimes mortall 324 their cure in generall ibid. to stay their bleeding 328. to helpe paine 329. why some die of small ones and others recover of great 351. whether better to cure in children or in old people 352 Wounds of the head see Fractures Of the musculous skinne thereof 360. their cure 361. of the face 378. of the eye-browes ib. of the eyes 379 of the cheeke 382. of the nose 384. of the tongue 385. of the eares 386. of the necke and throat ibid. of the weazon and Gullet 387. of the chest 388. of the heart lungs and midriffe ibid. of the spine 389. what wounds of the lungs cureable 392. of the Epigastrium or lower belly 396. their cure 397. of the Kall and fat 398. of the groines yard and testicles 399. of the thighes and legges ibid. of the nerves and nervous parts ibid. of the joints 403. of the ligaments 404 Wounds contused must be brought to suppuration 417 Wounds made by gun-shot are not burnt neither must they be cauterized 408. they may be dressed with suppuratives 410. why hard to cure ibid. why they looke blacke 413. they have no Eschar ibid. why so deadly 415. in what bodies not easily cured 417. their division 418. signes ibid. how to be drest at the first 419. 423. how the second time 424. they all are contused 432 Wounds made by arrowes how different from those made by gunshot 438 Wrest and the bones thereof 218. the dislocation thereof and the cure 622 Y YArd and the parts thereof 125. the wound thereof 399. to helpe the cord thereof 663 the maligne ulcers thereof 737. to supply the defect thereof for making water 877 Yew tree his malignity 807 Z ZIrbus the Kall the substance c. thereof 101 FINIS * In his Epistle prefixed before the Latine edition of this author * Vide Aul. Gel. l. 20. c. 4. * Gal. de simp l. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Genes 1. Ecclesiast 38. 1. plin l. 7 c. 2. In what esteeme Phisitions have formerly beene Names given to Plants Phisicke is devided into 3 parts The excellency of Chirurgery The definition of Chirurgerie What necessary for a Chirurgion The nature of a Chirurgion Experience more necessary for a Chirurgion thau Art Examples of taking away that which is superfluous * Two tunicles of the eyes Examples of replacing Example of separating
Heamorâ—hoides For supprest Heamorrhoides Lib. de fascijs Sect. 3. de Chir. offic What cloth best for rowlers Com. ad sect 22. sect 2. de offic chir 1. 2. sect lib. de fract We must alwaies begin our ligatures at the bottome of a sinus Hipp. sent 4. sect 2. offic Initio 2. sect off Ligatures must not bee only lightly but also neatly performed Gal. com ad sent 25. sect 1. lib. de fract Sent. 24. sect 2. offic Hypodesmides When the third under-binder is necessarie Epidesmi The manner of binding now in use What meane to be observed in wrapping the Ligatures Why Hippoc. bids to loose the Ligatures every third day How to binde up a Fracture with a wound Ad sent 12. sect de fract Hipp. sent 37. 38. sect 1. de fract The signes of too strait and loose binding up Why we must make more strait ligation on the broken part The first benefit of Ligatures The second The third The fourth The fifth The sixth The seventh The eighth the particular use of ligatures in the amputation of members The first use of Boulsters The second use of them The third use of them The matter of Splints Their use What Junkare The matter and use of Cases Glossocomium a generall name for such things Lib. 6. method What it is for a bone to be broken Raphanedon What Caryedon or Alphitidon What Schidacidon The causes of fractures The first signe of a broken bone Another A third Why bones are more brittle in frostie weather Why the solution of continuity in bones is not so easily repaired Gal. in arte par Why bones sooner knitin yong bodies Meats of grosse and tough nourishment conduce to the generation of a Callus Fractures at joynts dangerous Hipp. sect 18. 19. sect i. de fracturis Ligations conduce to the handsomnes of a Callus Extension must presently bee made after the bone is broken Sent. 36. sect 3. de fract In inflammations the restoring of the bone must not bee attempted Three things to be performed in curing broken and dislocated bones How to put the bones in their places Hipp. sent 60. sect 2. de fract Adsent 1. sect 1. de fract When instruments or engins are necessary What bodies are sooner hurt by violent extension Signes of a bone well set Causes and signes of the relapse of a set bone Ad sent 21. sect 1. de fract What the middle figure is and why best Fit time for loosing of Ligatures in fractures and dislocations Foure choice meanes to hinder accidents The causes and differences of itching Ad sent 4. sect 1. de fract Remedies against the itching Hipp. sent 46. sect 3. de fract Hipp. sent 46. sect 2. de art How to reduce the nose into its naturall figure A fit astringent and drying medicine Sent. 47. sect 〈◊〉 de art Gal. in Com. A description of the lower Jaw The manner of restoring a broken Jaw The description of a fit ligature for the under Jaw In what time it may be healed Hipp. sect 63. sect 1. de art How to restore the fractured Clavicle The first way The second way The third way How to binde up the fractured clavicle It is a difficult matter perfectly to restore a fractured clavicle An anatomicall description of the shoulder-blade How many waies the shoulder-blade may be broken The cure Lib. de vuln Capitis A historie Nature of its owne accord makes it selfe way to cast forth strange bodies and matters Why a fracture in the joynt of the shoulder is deadly Signes that the sternum is broken Signes that it is deprest The cure A historie In what place the short ribs may be broken Sent. 56. sect 3. de art Why an internall fracture of the ribs is deadly The signes The cause of spitting blood when the ribs are broken Sent. 51. sect 3. de art Paulus lib. 6. cap. 96. Avicen 4. The cure A simple fracture may be cured onely by Surgerie The cause The signes The cure The affects of the vertebrae Sect. 2. Prorh The cure of fractured Vertebrae The cure of the processes Signes that only the processes are fractured What fracture of the Holy-bone curable and what not The description of the rump The cure The description of the Hip. The signes The cure The description of the arme or shoulder-bone The cure How the arme must be placed when the bone is set Sect. 3. offic sect 1. de fract In what time it will knit The difference The cure Sent. 3. sect 1. de fract Com. in lib. de art Sect. 〈◊〉 de fract sent 9. The cure To what purpose the carrying of a bail in a fractured hand serves Why the bone of the thigh is more difficultly set Sent. 67. 68. sect 2. de fract The naturall and internall crookednesse must be preserved in setting the bone The part to bee bound up must be made plaine either by nature or art The manner of binding used by Surgeons at this day Why the windings of the upper ligatures must be thicker and straiter than the lower Why the third ligature must bee rowled contrary to the two first The Surgeon must be mindefull of three things in placing the member Sect. 2. de fract Sent. 33. 56. sect 2. de fract When the first ligation must be loosed Sent. 15. sect 3. 〈◊〉 offic Rest necessary for the knitting of set bones A historie Another fracture of the thigh resembling a luxation Why the fracture of a bon neare a joynt is more dangerous Lib. 3. sen 6. tract 1. c. 14. In what space the thigh bone may be knit The differences Signes Cure Why those halt who have had this bonefractured Sent. 65. sect 2. de fract Signes that both the bones are broken A historie A soone made medicine What to doe when the legge is broken That the ligation must be most strait upon the wound What symptomes ensue the want of binding upon the wounded part Signes of the corruption of the bones When the wounded part must be omitted in ligation Lattice like binding to be shunned Vnguentum rosatum wherefore good in fractures You must have a care that the compresses and rowlers grow not hard by drinesse The description of a sugred water The causes of a fever and abscesse ensuing upon a fracture Signes of scales severed from their bones Why the extreme parts are cold when we sleepe The naturall faculties languish in the parts by idlenesse but are strengthened by action How and what ulcers happen upon the fracture of the legge to the rumpe heele Remedies for the prevention of the foresaid ulcers The use of a Lattin Casse A suppuratis 〈◊〉 medicine A dâ—te â—ive Catagmatick powders have power to cast forth the scales of bones The causes both efficient and materiall of a Callus Medicines conducing to the generation of a Callus The black plaister The description of a Spaâ—adrapum or cere-cloth Medicines good of themselves not good by event When the Callus is breeding the ulcer must be seldome