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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	work_n	wound_n	wrought_v	15	3	8.8291	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

and pleasing to your Patients as much as in true Art may be and cram not the wound too full at any time especially Wounds incised for hindring unition of parts Also if you can conveniently come to the work inlarge not especially Inlarging of Wounds in contused wounds where danger may be feared otherwise doe it warily observing that you doe it not to thwart any member neither any Veine Artery Nerve or Muscle as neare as you can possible Gun-shot wounds over compound No wound of Gun-shot can be said to be a simple wound neither ever was there any Artist that could truely say that he healed any gun-shot wound by the first intention of Vnition without due suppuration no nor any contused wound whatsoever for the composition of Gun-shot wounds are ever real and very substantial witnesse the poore patient where Fibres Nerves Membranes Veines Arteries Bones quid non suffer together so that such wounds in their recency they resemble Vlcers rather then wounds and the differences of these from other contused wounds is That other contused Difference of contused wounds Wounds for the most part suffer but by way of contusion onely and these by contusion and dilaceration if not fraction of bones c. whereby all the whole member suffereth together and also the parts adjacent and that in a high degree If discolouring blistering or other apparent shewes of a Gangrena appeare give the patient a Diaphoreticke cordial then scarify gently at the first and deeply afterwards as cause shall urge and have ready a Lixivium made of water and ashes to the height of an ordinary Lee that women use to drive bucks with and put a reasonable quantity of common Salt into it and when it is cleared if you have hearbs as Scordium wormewood Centaury Hypericon Camomil Melilot or the like or Lupnies make use of them according to Art it will be much the better if not use it without and apply it very warme with stupes often shifted and wrung out and if that cannot be had use salt water for a fomentation very warm rather then want a medicine Aqua vitae is also precious in all Lixiviums against Gangrens but you must boyle the Aqua vitae without errour for the spirits will evaporate and the vertue resteth in them Observe in great lacerated wounds as followeth viz. If you find by the wound the one halfe of the member to be taken away there is no hope to save on the rest but you are rather to make present Amputation Iust cause of amputation especially if the patient upon information of his danger be willing for that the rest is contused and must therefore admit by consequent some losse of substance by suppuration ever in a contused wound and then the remaining part can doe no service to the body but will much indanger the life of the patient by the expence of blood and spirits in the striving to save it and be but a hindrance and I dare say that if but halfe any member be taken away with the fracture of the bone it is impossible to save the rest of it on to do any service If you have haemorrage I mean bleeding or furtive bleeding or weeping of veines or arteries in your worke search for the vein or artery that bleedeth or gleeteth and try if you can make ligature on it if you cannot make ligature which seldome or never you can in Gunshot wounds then apply to the end of the veine that weepeth an actual cautery a small one will serve but apply it like it selfe very hot and apply it not all over the wound onely to that veine if you can that bleedeth you may if the flux be not great use burning hot Egyptiacum upon a button of lint dipt and quickly and neatly brought to the place whilst it is hot and then well boulstred Actual Cautery But a small actual cautery is the safer and maketh better worke or the Surgeon may use restrictive powder adding thereto burnt Vitriol Restrictive Powder a little or burnt allum and precipitate mixed which maketh a strong eskar and often restraineth a great Flux being applied thereon artificially onely precipitate will surely make bones soul in contused wounds for which cause I affect it not To take heed of an old error But ever take heed to avoid the old received error of unwise practitioners whose use is to cram the wounds be they incised wounds or contused wounds as is said ful of bole or restringent powder or some other stuffe and then thrust in pledgents or dorsels into each corner of the wound yea sometimes forgetting to take all out at the next dressing yet think they have done all workman like and very artificially not considering the harm that often ensueth thereby I dare say that in contused wounds of Gunshot by such errors they force and draw a Gangrena if not death thereby by hindering natural unition by obstructing the parts and grieving the patient in keeping the woundded parts from healing It is a safe and fair way at the first dressing ever to strive to joyn together the parts of all recent wounds and unite the wounded parts if it may be with this caution to order that fit breathing be left to evacuate the peccant humours whereof there is small feare in lacerated wounds and then to apply apt and fitting astringent medicaments outwardly over all together with apt and due ligature and by that course to stay a fluxe but in contused and lacerated wounds of Gunshot the Surgion hath not that benefit but must trust to other helps not so ready namely as is said in the lesser wounds to very warme Balmes astringent defensatives and good ligature and in greater wounds to caustick medicaments Cauteries and forcible helps to repel fluxes c. But in the Surgeon his careful desire to restraine fluxes let him ever A Caveat beware of over hard ligature as much as is possible which is also a common dangerous error and certainely draweth on evill accidents as Plegmon Gangrena c. as daily experience telleth Likewise one the other side over-slack binding is also bad due comly and smooth ligature with the due composing the parts wounded with soft and smooth boulstring greatly honoreth the Artist and cureth the patient almost as much as the medicines doe Observe also that you put never one Caustick or Escarotick medicine after another too soone namely not until the first eskarre hath beene gone at the least three daies If in a contused wound of Gunshot any slough or putrid part as proceeding from the heads of the muskets arteries veines or the like appeare in a contused wound which needeth an Escaroticke medicine and the Surgeon doe desire to cleanse that part let him use an artificial Caustick medicine namely hot Egyptiacum or an actual Cautery if you can apply it onely in that place and not all over the wound for in truth the use of them is very good in

made of good steele I meane the head of the pin or center and the ends of the levatories and that the pin stand fast on and directly in the middest of the head thereof namely in the true center of the Instrument and also that the Artist have three heads of several sizes in readinesse by him is likewise very fitting with also an Instrument called a Lenticular at hand to cleanse away all small shivers and raspings of bones justly proceeding in the operation of excision as also for the removing whatsoever else may seeme by consequence to offend the Dura Mater or that way else might hinder healing And further I advise that every young Artist take some convenient time before hand to make tryal of his Trafine as is said upon a Calves-head or the like subject before he put it in practice upon a man for a good Surgeon may erre even in a small omission in such a businesse to his grief and reproach if he be not exceeding cautious and for that cause I advise every young Surgeon as is said to suspect himself and warily to consider that the precious life of man so dependeth upon the care wisdome and artificial skill of the Surgeon in his work as that upon a small omission or errour of forgetfulnesse or but a very little mistake a man is in a moment slain by art for want of art when it will be too late for the Artist within himself to ruminate of the things that most conduced to the mischief and upon all occasions or omissions whatsoever befalling the Artist let him ever be fearful and careful of entring too deep for fear of wounding or but scratching of the Dura Mater for those transgressions often produce fearfull accidents and deadly Again as in speaking else-where of the use of the Trapan I have mentioned let every Artist be very well advised and fully resolved of the just necessity of the use of the Trapan and so of this Instrument before he attempt to use it and not lightly upon suggestions or for vain ostentation sake nor above all for base lucres sake to put his patient upon the use of either of them for that it is apparent many great concussions depressions yea and some fractures are cured without any such Instrument I have sometimes also observed that young Surgeons upon a rashnesse of their opinion and now and then for foolish vain glory and ostentation sake have been overforward in that point of putting themselves upon the work of piercing the Cranium not attending the true time of nature and by waiting to see what she can or will perform of her self as in truth he ought to do for that the Surgeon being natures hand-maid not her guide ought judiciously to attend her Crisis and to procced by the advises of ancient grave Artists that are experienced Surgeons in those works for sometimes there are dangerous symptomes that cease without the use of the Trapan or Trafine by making of a wound or by the onely competent enlarging of the wound in which work it is good to be very sure in the making incision upon the head that he do well divide the Pericranium so far as he intends to set his Trafine at the least wheresoever there is cause of enlarging or incising any would of the head for the Trafine or otherwise for the onely dividing that Membrane is in many cases sufficient and serveth instead of the intended work of piercing the Cranium and further touching incision observe that as too small incision is not good that the Surgeon ever have regard to preserve the beauty of nature as much as may be as suppose it were in any part of the face to make too large an incision there especially when it falleth out to be near the temporal muscles or on the forehead Now a word or two more and an end of that businesse concerning the Trafine and I will conclude there is yet a necessary Instrument which of a kind of necessity ought to be at hand whensoever the Trafine is put to work for that there may be unexpectedly use of it and it is as formerly named a Lenticular or a cleanser which immediately after the eroding part of the Trafine hath performed his fitting office and is removed this Lenticular or smoother being a little warmed is to be put into the wound where the eroding part stood and with a gentle sensible hand to be passed to and fro upon that most tender panicle I mean the Dura Mater thereby to bring away any small erosions scrapings dust spills of bones or what else soever might be imagined could give offence to that most sensible and noble Panicle This with the premises well had in regard I leave the young Artist to Gods blessing and conclude this Chapter with a loving admonition to the younger sort of my brethren for their imitations that like as our blessed Saviour said to his Disciples in his spiritual Discipline to them when he sent them forth into the world to preach the glad tydings of salvation he admonished them and no doubt infused power sufficient into them to be wise as Serpents and innocent or harmlesse as Doves and withal willed them to beware of men and even the like premonition do I give to my Brechren of the younger sort concerning the great ttust of the precious lives and limbs of men referred to their skill trust and care and namely that they with the utmost that in them is and even as they would answer it before their living God who seeth not as men see that with innocent hearts they without any sinister ends truly and faithfully perform their charge in healing those whom they take into cure and charge and that in the obedience and in the fear of God their innocence may appear before God and be witnessed by their Works A TREATISE Faithfully and plainly Declaring the way of preventing preserving from and curing of that most fearful and contagious Disease called the Plague VVith the PESTILENTIAL FEAVER and other the fearfull Symptomes and Accidents incident thereunto According to the long Practice and Experience of John Woodal Master in SURGERY Surgeon of his Majesties Hospital of S. Bartholomewes and Surgeon General to the East-India Company But under benedicite namely as imploring and ascribing all the Honour and Praise unto God alone for his favour and mercies touching the salubrious effects thereof Chirurgi peperere manus Jovis acta salubres ex cujus pendet nostra favore salus Sin Deus auxilio morbis languentibus absit frustratur medicus deficit artis opus LONDON Printed by J. L. for Nicholas Bourn 1653. THE PREFACE Courteous Reader Such is Gods manifest miraculous hand in his various and unsearchable wayes of afflicting Mankind in that most noysome disease of the Pestilence that it is not onely wonderful but also impossible for the wit of any man how wise or learned soever he may esteem himself or by others be esteemed to give a sufficient reason with

This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inte●tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia A●i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though

with the Quick-silver which Quic-silver flieth up to the top of the helm or head of the Still together with the spirits of salt leaving the substance of the salt as also the Colcother in the The subtile quality of Quick-silver bottome of the glasse which is thereby said to be sublimed yet neverthelesse though it seem easily to be made let none attempt to make this medicine without good direction or experience for there is no small danger in the working thereof and yet it is a good medicine well used and hath much helped the Surgeon in the outward cures of desperate diseases as namely fistulaes and rebellious ulcers Of Precipitate How Precipitate is made PRecipitate is also Quick-silver distilled in Aqua fortis which by reason of the strong spirits contained in the violent and fierce vapors of the Aqua fortis or strong water it is coloured red or glistering or yellowish as experience sheweth the vapors proceeding from this kind of preparation are also dangerous and so are the medicines made therewith being often without due respect admīnistred yea ℥ j. of Praecipitate one dosse often Pil● wise by E●pe●icks And again some others which would be esteemed more excellent for invention have this medicine a little removed And then they style it Tur●●th mineral attributing thereto the perfect cure of the Pox perswading themselves none can do like wonders to themselves but they are children in understanding and know i● not onely they are opinionated and The subtilty of Mercury bold and more often kill or spoil then heal as their consciences know for mercury is a fox and will be too crafty for fools yea and will oft leave them to their disgrace wh●n they relying upon so uncertain a medicine promise health and in the stead of healing make their Patient worsethen before Of Sinabar Whereof Sinabrium is made and the use and abuse thereof SInabar which is used in fumes for the Pox is a deadly medicine made half of quick-silver and half of Brimstone by Art of fire I mean by distillation I know the abuse of these three recited medicines hath done unspeakable harm in the Common-wealth of England and daily doth more and more working the utter infamy and destruction of many an innocent man woman and child which I would my wits or dilīgence knew to help for every horse-leech and bawd now upon each tri●●e will procure a Mercurial flux yea many a pitiful one whereby divers innocent people are dangerously deluded yea perpetually defamed and ruinated both of their good names goods healths and lives and that without remedy Me thinks I could spend much time if I had it even in setting down the good and bad things of quick-silver and yet I confess I am too weak to to describe the tenth part of his wonders In Laudem Mercurii OR IN PRAISE OF Quick-silver or Mercurie VVHereto shall I thy worth compare whose actions so admired are No medicine known is like to thee in strength in vertue and degree Thou to each Artist wise art found a secret rare ye safe and sound And valiantly thou plai'st thy part to cheerup many a doleful heart Yet makest thy patient seem like death with ugly 〈◊〉 with stinking breath But thou to health him soon restores although he have a thousand sores The perfect'st cure proceeds from thee for Pox for Gout for Leprosie For scabs for itch of any sort These cures with thee are but a sport Thou humors canst force to sublime and them throw down when thou seest time Yea from each end diseases flie when thou art prest thy force to try Sweat to provoke thou goest before and urine thou canst move good store To vomit for diversion best in purging down thou guid'st the rest Mans body dry thou canst humeckt performing it with respect And being too moyst thou mak'st it dry who can that secret cause descry Quid non men term thee wot's thou why thou canst be faithful yet wilt lye Thy temperament unequal strange is ever subject unto change For thou art moist all men may see and thou art dry in th' highest degree Thou' rt hot and cold even when thou please and at thy will giv'st pain in ease Yet thou hast faults for I dare say thou heal'st and kil'st men every day For which I will not thee excuse nor hold them wise that thee abuse But for my self I do protest as trusty friend within my brest Thy secrets rare most safe to hold esteeming them as finest gold And why thou art the Surgeons friend his work thou canst begin and end For tumours cure yea hot or cold thou art the best be it new or old For recent wounds who knoweth thee hath got a peerlesse mystery A Caustick thou art strong and sure what callous flesh can thee indure In maturation where 't is dew thou art the best I ever knew For repercussion thou win'st praise by dissolution thou giv'st ease What 's virulent thou do'st defie and sordid Ulcers dost descry Yea fistulaes profound and fell thou searchest out and curest well No ulcer can thy force indure for in digestion thou art sure Mundification comes from thee and incarnation thou hast free To sigillate thou do'st not fail and left strange symptoms should assail The grief late heal'd thou canst convay th' offending cause another way The Alchymist by Vulcan sought from volatile thee fixt t' have wrought But thou defiest his trumpery and changest him to beggery Had I but all thy healing Art it would so much advance my heart I should not doubt equal to be In wealth to Lords of high degree But from thy ve nemous vapours vile thy corrosive sting that bones defile Thy noysome savors full of pain God give me grace free to remain For when thou ragest Bird nor Tree nor fish nor fowl can withstand thee What mineral so stout can say she can withstand thy force one day In Saturns brest thou seem'st to dwell by Jupiter foyl thou dost excel Thou Lion-like surprisest Mars rich Sol thou mak'st as pale as ash Thou Venus beauty canst allay thou Hydrage dost Elipse Luna And though thou seem'st to wrong all six not one without thee can be fix Thou art their Mother so sayes Fame which gives them cause t' adore thy name Ready thou art as women be to help poor men in misery Humble to dust and ash at will water and oyl from thee men still Tost up and down in fire thou art yet subtil Mercurie plaies her part Meek as a Lamb manly cake soft as the Wool Tiger like Millions in one one in a Million Male and Female in thy pavillion Thou Hermaphrodite as Fathers know seeming solid truly not so Thou 'lt be in all none rests in thee thy boldnesse brings Cal●mitie Thou Idoll of the Chymists old who shall thy secrets all unfold Swift is thy wing none can thee stay when thou seem'st dead thou' rt flown away If thou be in all things as men say daily

more of that for whereas Bees may suck Honey even there Spiders will convert a plain stile into Poyson and Gall. Non omnibus dormio A ready defensative powder to be applyed where Iust cause is for a defensative either for wounds with Gun-shot or other Wounds which I have made use of and will impart the secret to young practitioners and is as followeth R. Terra sigillat Alumin Vitriol Tartar Cerus ana 1 li. Bol. Armen 2 li. Aquae 1 li. ss Take a new earthen pot of almost a Gallon and a half put the water into the pot and thereunto put the Allom and the Copperas then powder the tartar and put that in also and then have ready the other ingrediences in powder put them in by little and little stirring them very well until all be incorporated and without seething keepe the Medicine on the fire till it be hard and if you cannot make it hard enough in that manner so that being cold it will powder then put it into some dreppin Pan or the like and into an oven when the bread is drawn and it will be hard then being cold powder it and keep it to your use for it will not decay nor alter his Vertue in many years And when you would use it for a defensative take of this powder about halfe an ounce of Posca I meane water and Vinegar mixed foure ounces put the powder therein which will almost melt then dip clouts therein and apply them This medicine with moderation used is a true and excellent defensative and a very anodine Also it healeth all itchings smartings gaulings or any Erisipelas or other excoriations speedily and safely and dryeth it mightily preventeth from accidents either in great wounds or fractures and being in small quantity used with faire water to ulcers it cleanseth them well and healeth them And if you have whites of egges mixed with a Posca it were the better or in fractures with yolkes and whites together it is very good onely let the care of the Surgeon be that he apply it in his true nature namely as a defensative in fit time and touching the rest of the uses thereof he may presume he hath a very good Medicine and so for this time I take my leave Vale in Christo Jesu A Description of the Trafine and the necessary uses thereof especially for Military occasions for young Surgeons HAving had sufficient tryals of the facility and of the Trafine I have thought fit to commend it and the use thereof for the future to the younger Artist upon some of their requests not detracting ought from the worthinesse and due commendations of the Author of the Trapan concerning that excellent invention yet by way of addition to my former Edition I thought fit here to describe the Trafine it being an Instrument of my own composing which experience will shew is more compendious and of more facility in the use thereof for young practicioners in Surgery then is the Trapan the which Instrument although it may be said to be derivative or Epitomy of or from the Trapan yet well observed it performeth as much as the Trapan in every degree and more and for that it was so fashioned and first practised by my selfe I thought fit to put the name of a Trafine upon it a tribus finibus from the three ends thereof each being of several uses and being as it may appeare triangular or three cornered each corner there of performing the part it seemeth to undertake so that it fully supplyeth and maketh good all the uses of a Trapan with the one end and that with more facility as is said and safely then the Trapan doth or can doe and it supplyeth with the second end all the uses of a smooth Levatory and supplyeth the necessity of a Jagged or toothed Levatory with the third end the said Levatories being all necessary adjutors in helping to make and finish the Trafine or tres finis and who so shall please to make a judicial experience thereof not being prejudicated will find that it far exceedeth the Trapan in all his uses in the compendious and safe performance of the workes as well of the two Levatories as of a Trapan recited which the former can no way be said to be Secondly the Trapan cannot be well managed without both the hands of the Artist viz. the one for the work of erosion by the Artificial motion thereof in turning it ever round for the better penetrating of the Cranium the other hand must be used to keep it steddy upon the affected part and yet the upper part of the Instrument must neverthelesse as of necessity rest upon the Surgeons brest yea and the Surgeon must for that purpose order his body in a fit posture and further yet the Surgeon must have a second man for an assistant of necessity that must be imployed to stay the Patients head whereas with this Instrument I meane the Trafine the whole worke is performed by the two hands of the Surgeon onely with farre more dexterity and quicker then with the Trapan as is said yea and that with much more comfort both to the patient and to the Artist as the practice therewith will plainely shew and againe there is no such danger attending that Instrumentas doth the Trapan for the heads of the Trafine are made all taper to wit wider above then beneath and also cut both wayes and cannot therefore easily be said to offend the Dura Mater by an error to be suggested to happen in the use thereof without stupid ignorance in the Artist Thirdly the Trapan of old had ever the heads as wide above as beneath which heads were many wayes both very dangerous and uncertaine especially when the Instrument by turning round had cleane pierced through the Cranium and thereby after the same head had fully perforated the Cranium round it was very apt on the suddaine to slip downe upon the Dura Mater by error and improvidence of the Artist either upon oblivion or omission divers wayes as namely for one if the Artist did not truly equally and strongly fasten the small screw being an iron or rather a steele pin that stayeth and fasteneth the said head of the Trapan which the Artist pierceth with for the gaging thereof either by hast which though otherwise he might adjudged a careful Surgeon yet upon his eager proceeding on his work might unhappily be omitted and even that small error might cause danger to the life of the Patient and sometimes proved the irrecoverable cause of his death whereas this Instrument the Trafine hath all the heads thereof made taper as is said namely wider above then below piercing every way alike and therefore there needeth no rule or gager especially in the being performed without turning it round about but is done by the onely moving or agitating of the hand to and fro yea with the onely moving of the wrist of the hand and which is another manifest benefit thereof it

applications for the dressings from time to time be very gentle mild and pleasing as may be possible to the Patient but especially for the first dressing that without any great sensible pain the Surgeon may come somewhat neer the sensible and living parts ever mildly eroding clipping and abscinding onely the corrupt flesh and giving a lively warmth to Nature and in this manner proceed thrice if you see fitting or at the least twice for every twenty four houres or as in descretion the discreet Artist please and so for three dayes and nights together in this work or as long or short a time as cause shall offer And you shall not need to use any cauterizing Buttons at all after the first putrid flesh is eroded onely one and that at each dressing you may use somewhat hot unto the remaining dead end of the bone therewith to cause the said end of the remaining abscissed bone to scale the sooner but after the second or third dressing it will be fit to consider to apply some Unguent foveant and digestive very warm And as for further documents touching artificial proceeding in this Cure I may as a superfluous thing and frivolous forbear any further narration to the discreet young Artist or Scholar in Surgery for that the rest of the Cure will no way differ from the ordiuary way of the Cure of other ordinary Ulcers but will be healed with much celerity and comfort through Gods Favour both to the Surgeon and Patient And for the bone fear it not for by the onely heating the mortified end thereof it will scale off by that time the Ulcer be healed and that with flesh incarnated upon the living part of it admirably and will in fitting time siccatrize and be perfectly whole if the Surgeon will have patience with poor Nature in her weaknesse to forbear and not be too busie especially with Mineral Medicines all which I leave to the discretion of each understanding Artist onely once more with this Caveat as by reiteration that for the end of the stump after that it hath scaled that the Surgeon be sure to use no Mineral Medicine at all as precipitate Vitriol nor any other neither mixed with Basilicon nor otherwise but with gentle and ordinary Digestives Mundificatives Incarnatives and the like gentle Desiccatives or at the utmost Parum Aluminis Usti if need be for that by experience I know that Mineral Medicines as they help to scale a bone so they will surely help to defile even the same bone again and again and so make long work upon work the which is foul and hatefull for any Artist to be guilty of that professeth to fear God yea and it is abominable to be wittingly tainted with that Devillish crime for let reproach and many evill Curses ever attend upon that Surgeon which willingly prolongeth healing for which many an innocent Artist dayly stands accused unjustly thereof which guilt I advise all the Sonnes and successo●s of Aesculapius may avoid even as they fear God and desire a blessing from him upon their Labours The conclusion And now to conclude concerning amputation aforesaid see it be done in requisite time For the omitting thereof untill the blood and spirits be too much spent maketh often the successe of the work doubtfull and desperate especially where it is to be acted upon the whole part for in truth when the languishing Patient shall truly say Deficit animus it will be too late for the Artist to answer Jam venio And so I will take my leave at this present concerning the manual part of the work in amputating in a mortified place and for the doing of it in the whole part I referre the Reader to what I have formerly in my first Edition in the Surgeons Mate explained which together with this Post-script I conceive may satisfie any indifferent Reader Onely one observation more as in charity to the Patient and the young Surgeon I thought fit to aquaint the young Surgeon with what my experience shewed me and that is That after any amputation either in the sound or mortified part the first eskers or cadaverous sloughesbeing removed and the Ulcers reasonably digested mondified and somewhat incarnate the Patient useth ever to be exceeding sensible and grievously tender and also flesh is subject on the sudden to grow over-fast and the stump is subject to turn cancrous or at the least very dolorous For remedy whereof I use for one dressing to have Pledgents of fine towe made ready before-hand so much as will cover the whole Ulcer and having ordinary good strong Unguent Aegyptiacum without sublimate seething hot in a small flat Pewter or Stone dish dip the pledgents therein being very exceeding hot and suddenly applyed so hot to the Ulcer and bound with another thick pledgent to keep it warm bind it up and dresse it no more in 48 houres and for the next dressing cover the Ulcer onely with soft Lint and likewise in all other dressings provide by thick pledgents of towe ever to keep the stump very warm and that one onely dressing as aforesaid of Aegyptiacum will wholly take away the tendernesse and very much conduce to true healing which a fourtnight after if need be may be reiterated And as touching amputation to be performed in the mortified place for that the curing differs nothing from that in common use for the healing of Ulcers in general as is said therefore if the discreet Artist have a strong and fit Lixivium a good Aegyptiacum a Digestive a Mundificative an Incarnative and a Desiccative or Sigillative Unguent and according to Art and in their seasons make use of each of them he is then fitted for the work And for the first he may prepare his Lixivium as followeth if he please and have not one of his own experience A fitting Lixivium for the amputating of any member in the moritified part Lixivlum REc. Com. Lix de Cineribus Lign Fract Gallanos quatuor herbae Centaur Scord. Card. Benedict Hyper. Absinth Rosemar ana p. 3. Flor. Camom Melilot ana p. 4. fiat decoctio ad tertiae partis consumpt colentur ac colat adde Sal. Com. M. 2. Vitriol Viria se lib. Spirit us Vini 2. lib. Misce simul S. A. Ung. Aegyptiac Rec. Aeruginis ʒ 5. Alum Rochia ʒ 4. Vitriol Roman ʒ 2. Sal. Commun ʒ 1. se Mellis ℥ 2. se Aceti fortis ℥ 3. Misce coquantur ad spissitudinem Unguenti Ung. Digestiv Rec. Cerae Alba Resinae Pini five Vaccini picis Gracae Terebin Olibani Mirrhae ana ℥ 1. Olei Oliv. lib. 1. aut quantitatem sufficientem Misce fiat Unguentum S. A. In cujus loco Liniment Digestivum Arcei sufficiet Ung. Mundificat Rec. Terebinth Resinae Cerae Albae Amoniac ana ʒ 14. Aristoloch Long. Thuris Masculi ana ʒ 6. B●ellii Myrrhae Galban ana ʒ 4. Opopanacis For. Aeris ana ʒ 2. Lytharg ʒ 9. Olei Oliv. lib. 2 se Aceti quant