Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	work_n	world_n	year_n	99	3	4.5528	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19376	The arte of nauigation conteyning a compendious description of the sphere, with the making of certayne instruments and rules for nauigations, and exemplifyed by many demonstrations. Written by Martin Cortes Spanyarde. Englished out of Spanishe by Richard Eden, and now newly corrected and amended in diuers places.; Breve compendio de la sphera y de la arte de navegar. English	Cortés, Martín, 1532-1589.; Eden, Richard, 1521?-1576.	1589 (1589)	STC 5802; ESTC S111167	116,085	174

I saye that I am the fyrste that haue brought the Arte of Nauigation into a briefe compendiousnesse geuing infayleable principles and euident demonstrations describing the practise and speculation of the same geuing also true rules to Mariners and shewyng wayes to Pilottes by teachyng them the making and vse of Instrumentes to knowe and take the altitude of the Sunne to knowe the Tydes or ebbyng and flowing of the Sea how to order theyr Cardes and Compasses for Nauigations geuing them instructions of the course of the Sunne and motions of the Moone teachyng them furthermore the making of Dyalles both for the day and for the nyght so certayne that in all places they shall shewe the true houres without default and haue likewise declared the secret propertie of the Lode stone with the maner and cause of the Northeasting and Northwesting commonly called the variation of the compasse with also instruments thereunto belonging And that that which I shall say or doo be not accompted to be presumpteously done or spoken I acknowledge that whatsoeuer I haue well done or written it is from aboue by the helpe of the diuine grace and by the fauour and prosperous fortune of your Maiestie And thus shall they that now liue and likewise they that shall succeede vs see and perceiue how much more the world oweth and is behoulding to your Maiestie then were the auncient Egyptians to their Isis. She gaue them letters to reade but your Maiestie hath geuen rules and orders to sayle on the Seas The profite of Isis was onely for one Prouince But the commoditie that ensueth of your doings is vniuersall for all Prouinces and Nations and for all Seas aswell to go to places discouered as also to discouer Lands and Regions yet vnknowen If they of auncient time had reached that we haue obteyned the Indies had not now been to discouer neyther should it be esteemed a miracle vnto vs as at the tyme when Carthage florished that one Agnus went foorth from the Baye of Cadiz and sayled to the end of Arabie Neyther would Cornelius Nepos haue written it for so famous a thing that a certayne man flying from King Latinus came from the gulfe of Arabie Whereby it is manifest that aswell Nauigation as other Artes doth from day to day increase and by litle and litle is come to perfection For in those daies they had neyther compasse nor carde of sayling whereby to gouerne them selues They lacked the consideration of the Starres vntil the Phenitians found the knowledge thereof and were the fyrst thaâ— vnderstoode that to such as should trauayle by sea iâ— should be necessarie to lift vp their eyes to heauen and consider the motions thereof They that sayled to the Iland of Tabrobana whih in old time was called Antitono caryed for their voyages lyuing byrds And when they thought good let certayne of them flee â—nd by the flyght of their wingsâ— directed the hâ—lme and sayles of their Ships They sayled onely three monethes in the yeerâ— To them therefore it was necessarie to obserue ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ the tyme vntill they found it to sâ—rue with a forâ— wynde They kâ—ewâ—â—oâ— how ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ hâ—lpâ— themselues with the bowe lyâ—e or syde winde neyther sawe they the North Starre or sought it or had aâ—y knowledge thereof Aâ—d I beleeue veryly that this was the cause of so long a voyage which the Shyppes of Solomon made saylyng to Tharsis aâ—d Ophir wherein they spent three yeâ—res although in deede that was no short voyage which they madâ—â— compassyng about â—â—dâ—a and maâ—y other Prouinces And whereas before I sayd that Nauigatâ—on by litle and litle came to perfection I fynd by auncient hystories that Tipho fyrst found the Gouernale or Rudder Dedalus the Maste and Shrowdes and Icarus the Sayles the Thirreni found the vse of the Aâ—ker of one graspe or stooke and Palaminus brought it to perfection adding the other And thus may it manifestly appeare that in these prosperous and fortunate dayes of your Maiestie it hath pleased God to bring the knowledge of Nauigation to perfection with this my breefe discourse as touching the same aswell profitable and necessarie for them that trauayle by land as by Sea What can be a better or more charitable deede then to bring them into the way that wander What can be more difficult then to guide a shyp engoulfed where only water and heauen maybe seene One of the foure most difficult things whereof Solomon maketh mention in his Prouerbes is the voyage of a Shyp by the Sea The which Galfrede expounding sayth that in humane things none is more fearefull or more daungerous then to aduenture life in a thinne and weake peece of wood or for a man to commâ—t himselfe to the rage of furious windes among the tempestes of the Sea and there to hazard that be loueth so well O how much more should the same seeme difficult to Solomon if at these dayes he should see that fewe or none of the Pilottes can scarsely reade and are scarsely of capacitie to learne And whereas in the fyrst Chapter of this Booke I haue made mention that the gouernall or sterage ought to be comâ—itted to expert men and of good vnderstanding he should see that now adayes the ignoraâ—â—t presume to gouerne other which were neuer able to rule or gouerne themselues I most humbly desire your Maiestie to receiue in good part this my poore seruice which although it be litle yet being dedâ—cate vnto thâ— greatnesse of your regall person it shall be much more theâ— great The profite aâ—d commoditie thereof ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ notorious and the bâ—nefite that thereby may be receyued is vniuersall If therefore when your Maiestie shall finde your selfe released from greater affaires it may please you to feede your eyes with these my trauailes you shall fynde therein many new delectable and witty things with also many profitable and certayne rules both to reade and vnderstand To conclude I eftsoones make humble petitions to your Emperiall Maiestie not so much to consider what I wryte as to respect the intent of my wrytyng and not the gift but the affection and good will that remayneth in mee to serue your Maiestie The firste parte of this woorke which entreateth of the composition of the world and of the vniuersall principles for the Arte of Nauigation Â¶ The fyrst Chapter of the generall distinction of Creatures THE infinite GOD the beginning and cause of the whole vniuersall world created three orders of creatures differing in kinde that is to say Corporall as the Elements Spirituall as Angelles and compounded of these two as Man The corporall nature is diuided into bright and shining bodyes as the Starres or into darke and thicke bodyes as Earth and Meâ—â—alles either into Dâ—aphane or transparent bodyes as Ayre and Water Of these creatures as sayth Saint Gregorie some haue ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ beeing as Sâ—ones some lyue as Trees and other haue

vnderstood then to knowe what declination the Sunne hath in euery degree of the Zodiacke you ought Signes â™ˆ â™Ž â™‰ â™ â™Š â™ Signes G G M G M G M G 0 0 Â 11 30 20 12 30 1 0 24 11 51 20 25 29 2 0 48 12 12 20 37 28 3 1 12 12 33 20 49 27 4 1 36 12 53 21 0 26 5 2 0 13 13 21 11 25 6 2 23 13 33 21 22 24 7 2 47 13 53 21 32 23 8 3 11 14 13 21 42 22 9 3 35 14 32 21 51 21 0 3 58 14 51 22 0 20 11 4 22 15 10 22 9 19 12 4 45 15 28 22 17 18 13 5 9 15 47 22 25 17 14 5 32 16 5 22 32 16 15 5 55 16 23 22 39 15 16 6 19 16 40 22 46 14 17 6 42 16 57 22 52 13 18 7 5 17 14 23 57 12 19 7 28 17 31 23 3 11 20 7 50 17 47 23 8 10 21 8 13 18 3 23 12 9 â—2 8 35 18 19 23 15 8 â—3 8 58 18 34 23 19 7 24 9 20 18 49 23 22 6 â—5 9 42 â—9 4 23 24 5 26 10 4 19 18 23 â—6 4 27 10 26 â—9 32 23 28 3 8 10 47 19 46 23 29 Â 29 11 9 19 59 23 30 1 30 11 30 20 12 23 30 0 Signes â™“ Â â™ â™’ â™Œ â™‘ â™‹ Signes to know the true place of the Sunne as in the Chapter past is declared for the day of the declination which you desire to knowe and the signe which the Sunne shal be found in that day shall you seek in the front or foote of the Table And if it be in the front you shall seeke the number of the degrees on the left side And if it shal be at the foot of the Table you shall seeke it on the ryght syde Then aboue or vnder the signe in the front of that degree of the sayd signe you shall fynde twoo numbers whereof the first is of degrees and the second of minutes and those degrees and minutes of declination the Sunne hath that day And thys is vnderstoode without hauing respecte to the odde minutes aboue the degree which the true place of the Sunne hath And if you desyre to veryfie this more precisely note the declination of that degree and of the degree folowing and take the lesse from the more and that whâ—ch remayâ—eth shal be the difference of the declination from the one degree to the other of which difference yee shall take a part propoâ—tioâ—ally as are the minutes of the place of the Sâ—nne vnto 60. And this part of minutes must be added to the fyrst declination of it and be lesse then the second or must be taken from it if it shall be gâ—eater and then that riseth thereof shal be the precise declination for that signe degree and minute As for example In the yeere 1546. the tenth day of September the Sunne shal be in 26. G. 38. M. of Virgo to the 26. G. precise shall correspond 1. G. 36. M. of declination And to verifâ—e the declination that commeth to 38. minutes which is more of the 26. G. you must marke the difference that is from the declination of 26. G. which is one G. 36. M. to the declination of the 27. G. which is 1. G. 12. M. The difference is 24. M. Of these you must take such part proportionally as the 38. minutes beareth vnto 60. which are almost two terces of a degree Then the two terces of 24. are 16. which must be taken from one degree 36. M. which correspond to the 26. G. of Virgo because the declinatioâ—s goe decreasyng and remayneth 1. G. 20. M. and if the declinations increase you must adde thereto as you take away when they decrease An other example for this yeere of 1561. Example for the yeere 1561. the 20. of Apryll I fynde the true place of the Sunne at noone in 9. degrees 54. minutes of Taurus then in the Table of the signes present I seeke for 9. degrees of Taurus to whiche doth answeare for the declination 14. degrees 32. minutes to the next degree folowing doth answeare 14. degrees 51. minutes then take the lesser out of the more so resteth 19. minutes Then from a rulâ— of 3. say if 60. minutes geue 54. miâ—utes which 54. minuts doth rest before of the 9. degrees of Taurus how many doth 19. minutes geue which 19. minuts are the diuersitie of the 9. 10. degrees of Taurus Sâ— I finde that 19. minutes geueth 17. minutes and 6. secoâ—des which 17. mâ—nutes and 6. secondes I adde to the 14. degrees 23. minuts which answeareth to the 9. degrees of Taurus And it commeth to fourteene degrees 49. minutes and syxe secondes which is the true declination for the twentie day of Apryâ—l Anno. 1561. It is also to be noted that I adde these seuenteene minutes and sixe secondes because the declination doth encrease for if it decreased it were to be taken out so much and the rest is the declination So is the declination for the twentie of Apryll in the yeere 1561. fourteene degrees 49. minutes and syxe secondes The iiij Chapter of the encrease of the Sunne into the twelue Signes And of the Equinoctials and Solstitials which deuide the foure tymes of the yeere OF that is sayd in the Chapter before it followeth that the sunne entring into the foure principall signes causeth the foure tymes of the yeere For entring into Aries it chaungeth the time to vs from winter to the spring time And entryng into Cancer it chaungeth the tyme from spryng to sommer And entring into Libra from sommer to Autumne Likewise entring into Capricorne it chaungeth from Autumne to Winter So that when to vs that be on the part of the North is sommer then is it winter to them that are on the South part Or contrarywyse being sommer to them on the South it is winter to them on the North. The enâ—rance of the sunne into these signes and all other of the Zodiacke hath not been euer at one selfe same tyme of the yeere The cause of this is that the Latine yâ—ere is not equall with the moouing of the sâ—nne in the Zodiacke as shal be sayd in the x. Chapter where we wyl entreate of the yeere In the tyme that Christ our redeemer was borne were the Equinoctialles The one at the eyght of the â—aleâ—des of Apryll and the other at fyue of the kalendes of October So that they had the Equinoctiall of the Spryng at the xxv of Marche and the Equinoctiall of Autumne at the xxvii of September as writeth Iohn Baptist Capuano vppon the seconde Chapter of the Sphere of Iohan. De sacro bosco They iudged then the Solsticialles as that of the Sommeâ— at the eyght day of the kalendes of Iuly whych is the xxiiii of Iune the other of the Wynter they iudged at the eyght day of the kalends of Iâ—nuarie which is the xxv

the xii â—ignes The Eâ—uinoctial Colure The Solstitiaâ—â— Colurâ— Thâ— greatesâ— declination of thâ— Zodiacke Definition of the Meridian Circlâ— The mydday or noone Diuers Meridians Definition of the horizon hemisphere or horizon Diuers horizonâ— The ryght and oblique horizon Distance of the zenith from the Equinoctiall how the horizon is deuided by thâ— Meridian The true and vntrue East and VVâ—st The lesse Circles Tropykes Paralelles The Polar Circles The Poles of the zodiacke and Poles of the world The greatâ—â—â— declination of the Sunne The Artykâ— and Antartike The Sphere diuided into fiue zones Zones habitablâ— and vnhabitable The diuision of the earth according to the fiue zones of heauen An errour of Ptolomie and the Astronomâ—â— The land of Brasile The straights of Magalianes The West Indies People of long life vnder the zone Cold Regions habitable Island Gothlandâ— Norway Russia The diuisioâ— of the Sphere by longitude and latitude The degreâ—â— of the Equinoctial circlâ— Myleâ— Furlongs Leagues Grayne Fynger Foote Pase The degreâ—â— of the sea Cardes The diameter of the earth and water Diuision of the earth and water by Climates Diuersities of thyngs in diuers Climates What is â— climate Differencâ— of dayes The space of sâ—â—â—n climates The quantitiâ—â—f the lâ—ssâ— circlâ—â— The Latitude of Climates Dia Mâ—râ—â— Dia Sienâ— Dia Alexandros Dia Rhodos knightes of the Rhodes The Rhodâ—â— taken by thâ— Turke Dia Romes Dia Boristhenes Dia Rifeos The riuer Tanais Stoflerine The Meridian or South Climate A right line An angle ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ A circlâ— The circumference of a circle The center of a circle Diâ—meter Seâ—icircle Zenith Eccâ—ntricke Epicicle Auge Opposâ—â—â— of Auge The Sunâ—e is the guyde in Nauigation The moouing of the Sunnâ— vnder the zodiackâ— The Sommer Tropicke Declination of the Sunne The Winter Tropike The cause of increasing and decreasing of the day and nyghtes The moouing of the Sunne in the center of his Sphere To fynde the true place of the ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ The equâ—â—ion of the yeâ—re VVhat is the declination of the Suâ—â—e The entrance of the Sunne into the fouâ—â— principall signes The Latinâ— yeere The Eâ—uinoctialles in the yâ—ere of Christâ—s byrth The Solstiâ—â—â—ls â—our notable thyngs To knowe more precisely the entraunce of the Sunne into the foure principall â—ignâ—â— To knowe when the Sunne entreth into euery of the xii Signâ—â— Leape yeâ—râ— Variation of houres by the rapte mouing of the Sunne from the East to the VVest The entrance of the Sunne into the iiii principall signes causeth the chaunge of tyme. The Sunne and Moone are the principal luminaries The Eclipse of the Moone The coniunction of the Moone with the Sunne The Moone receyueth her lyght of the Sunne The aspect of the Moone to thâ— Sunne The increasing and opposition of thâ— Moone The bignes of the Moone The Moone is â—earest vnto the eâ—â—th The motion of the moonâ— The coniunction Thâ— oppositâ— To know thâ— times of oppositions and coniunctioâ—s To know the golden number The rootes of the golden number The concurrent The Solar and Lunar yeeres To fynde the number of the concurrent Epact To know thâ— dayes oâ— agâ— of the Moonâ— To know tâ—â— day of the coniunction To know the place of the Moone in the Zodiacke and what aspectes she hath with the Sunne The description of the Instrument The vse of the Instrument to fynd the truâ— place of thâ— Sunne To fynde the place of the Moone Fiue aspecteâ— of the Planets Coniunction Opposition Trinall quadrine Sextiâ—e To know thâ— place of the Sunne by thâ— rule of memorie To knowe in what degree the Sunne is The Eclipse of â—hâ— Sunne The Eclipse of the Sunne is not vniuersall â—ow â—hâ— Sunne is eclipsed in the whole or iâ— parâ— why the Moone seemeth somtime bigger and sometime lesse then the Sunne The Sunne is Eclipsed in coniunction the Moone in opposition The reuoâ—ution on oâ— the â—ight Sphere The Solâ—r yeere how the Egyptians painted the yeere The quantitie of the yeere The yeere of the hebrues The Greekes Iulius Caesar. Lâ—â—pe yeere Dayes of the yeâ—râ— Beginning of the yeere Ouid. bruma is the stay of the sunne in winter the winter solstitiall and shortest day of the yeere The Creation of the world Exod. xii VVhere the Christians begin the yeere Diuersitie in the number of the yeeres or the date Machomet The date of the Christians The Lunar yeere or moâ—eth Reuolution of the moone The deuisioâ— of the yeerâ— into twelue monethes The Lunaâ— moneth The moneâ—â— of peragratioâ— The moneth of consecutioâ— The mouing of the Suâ—ne and moone in coniunction To know the tydes by the aspectes of the Moone The illumination or change of the Moone Interlunium is the space of tyme in the which neither the olde Moone doth appeare nor the newe Moone is seene The weeke of the Iewâ—s The Romanâ—â— The Christians Ferine signifieth vacant daies or somâ—time holy or fâ—stiuall ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ The naâ—â—â—all day The beginning of the naturall day The ende of the naâ—uâ—all day The artificiall day The nyghâ— houres natural and artificiall The hour natural or equal The houre artificial or temperal The day and nyght diuided into foure partes Interpretation of certayne places of the Gospell The night diuided into iiâ—â— quarters Four watches of the nyght how Mariners ought to watch To know the houres of the day by the Sunne The placing of the instrument The fynding of the Meridian lyne The eleuation of the Pole Dyals horizontall and verticall East â—est The Triangle The making of the Dyall houres of the horizontall Dyall Placing of tâ—â— Dyall The Meridian line of thâ— Dyall The making of the vertical Dyall The Guardâ— starres what is mydnyght Noone or mydday An errour The making of the â—nstrument The horne of the seuen starres whiche make the lesse beare To fynde the hour with the instrument The Mariners opinion of â—bbyng and flowing of the sea or tydâ—s Obseruation of the Moonâ— to know the tydes Eyght principall wyndes The Moone causeth the ebbing and flowing of the Ocean Sea The moouing of the Moone The shortning of the tydes An errour The variation of the tydes A Table to knowe thâ— variation of the tydes Signes of faâ—â—â— and sowle weather Some cal these the fiers of S. Elin and S. Nicolas wandring fyers engendred of exhalations and vapours Castor and Pollux what is smoke and flame Exhalations of the land and water Exhalations and vapours engendred in Shyps A shining flye A superstitious opinion of the Mariners A lye of the fryer preachers Psalm 67. Testimonie of auncient aucthours The buildyng of Rome The Romanâ— kyngs One lyght or fyre is an euill signe Two lyghtes Castor and Pollux an errour of the Mariners Psalm 68. why Eolus was fayned god of winds what is winde The foure principall or Cardinall wyndâ—s Luke xvii East Souâ—h west North. Collaâ—erall wyndes Twelue wyâ—des Eyght whole wyndes Diuision of the horizon by the foure principall wyndes Eyght halfe wyndes quarter windes The deuisioâ— of the windâ— xxxii windeâ— in alâ—â— The names of

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