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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68202	The first and second volumes of Chronicles. [vol. 3 (i.e. The Third Volume of Chronicles)] comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent and others. With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes.; Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande. vol. 3	Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?; Stanyhurst, Richard, 1547-1618.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.; Stow, John, 1525?-1605.; Thynne, Francis, 1545?-1608.; Hooker, John, 1526?-1601.; Harrison, William, 1534-1593.; Boece, Hector, 1465?-1536.; Giraldus, Cambrensis, 1146?-1223?	1587 (1587)	STC 13569_pt3; ESTC S122178	4,305,113	1,536

sauing that because these works were so great and required such expedition as the expenditor was ouercharged with busines though an expert man trained vp in Romneie marsh in those affaires trustie diligent and euerie waie sufficient vnto whose office naturallie belonged the purueiance of all necessaries anie waie apperteining to the mainteinance of the wals There was appointed by the commissioners as chiefe purueior a gentleman of good sufficiencie named Iohn Keies by whose countenance and discreet dealing men were brought to yéeld willinglie anie of their commodities towards the helpe and furtherance of these proceedings for their iust values which was dulie answered vnto them so as no man was séene to complaine of anie iniurie or hard dealing But when the works or rather the workers grew to be greater and more in number than was expected which came to passe by reason of the multitude of courts and workemen who proffered their seruice so fast as from the rate of two hundred which was at the first set downe they increased to six hundred all pastures néere the towne being imploied that waie manie men were content to make their owne prouision conditionallie to be admitted into the works insomuch as some hired pasture for their working horsses seuen or eight miles from Douer and neuerthelesse came to worke with the first and continued the whole daie with them that wrought longest For they came at six of the clocke in the morning and departed at six of the clocke at night except extraordinarie causes in preuenting inconueniences of great and fowle tides caused them to worke longer Diuerse brought thither courts from besides Maidstone and Seuenocke being thirtie or fortie miles from Douer and in the end the officers were driuen to put backe and refuse such as made sute to bring courts into the works and yet had they for their horsse their court and their driuer but onelie twelue pence a daie Which because it séemeth incredible I thought good to discouer and vnfold to the reader in such sort as he might be resolued and satisfied in the certeintie thereof and throughlie conceiue not onelie the possibilitie but also the reason of it First therefore the time of yeare when that worke was to be doone must be considered which was intended and by proclamations in certeine market towns notified to haue had beginning the thirtéenth of Maie when in those parts barleie season is ended and from that time till haruest or haieng time little is to be doone in husbandrie and assoone as haruest should begin their purpose was to leaue this work● vntill the yere following So as in this meane time that is to saie from Aprill till haruest the seruants speciallie the cattell of farmers are rather chargeable than anie waie gainefull vnto them and therefore at such a time to raise profit by them is double aduantage Neuerthelesse he that should make his best commoditie herein was to looke circumspectlie into the matter and then might he sée that it was requisit to haue two courts for one boie might driue them both because whilest the one was driuen the other was filled the same being vnloden or discharged he went for the other leauing that to be filled This filler was a labourer allowed to euerie man which had two courts for whome the owner of the two courts had ten pence the daie so as he had for his f●ller his driuer his two horsses and his two courts two shillings and ten pence the daie which amounteth to seuentéene shillings the wéeke He paied out of the same for the boord of his filler and driuer six shillings weekelie and so had the owner of cléere wéekelie gaine for his two seruants and two horsses nine shillings which must all this while haue lien at his charge There were among this number certeine double courts which had double wages because they were furnished with two horsses in a court being double in quantitie to the rest and were speciallie imploied about the cariage of sléech a more weightie mould than either the chalke or the earth A single court conteined in length fiue foot in bredth two foot and in depth sixteene inches wherevnto the expenditor looked ●erie narrowlie as also to the suff●ciencie an● deligence of euerie workem●n and ●orse so as vpon euerie default their w●ges was totted and defal●●● or the offendors excluded from the wo●ks or some times punished with stocks and other 〈◊〉 An entrance into this worke was made in the beginning of Maie one thousand fiue hundred foure 〈◊〉 and th●ee in the fiue and twentith yeare of hir maiesties reigne with six courts onelie at the crosse w●ll such was the towardlines thereof as yéelded line 10 so great a brute promise of good successe that from that daie f●●ward there were continuallie cariages brought at the rate before set downe beyond all expectation in so much as by the 27 of Iune there were assembled in those works 542 courts and almost 1000 workemen And truelie there consisted so great difficulti● in marshalling this multitude for all were to worke at once none might staie for other or be impediment to others worke as without the paterne of f●●mer experience the worke could line 20 hardlie haue béene performed Heerein Richard Coast and William Norris inr●ts and the aforenamed Reginald Smith clearke of Romneie marsh were chéefe directors and as it were marshals as hauing dailie experience in the like works For in Romneie marsh there are euerie yeare commonlie imploied at one time about making or mending of some one wall 200 courts at the least in each court for the most part being two oxen for whome the owners hire feeding in the marsh as line 30 they can agrée with the landholders and yet haue had hitherto for their court and deiuer but ten pence the daie And this togither with their manner of working would be woonderfull famous and much spoken of throughout England if the continuance of so manie hundred yeares exercise thereof had not qualified the strangenesse and admiration of it For here though at Douer it could not be so bicause they wrought altogither with horsbeasts the mights féeding preuaile●h so much ouer the daies working that line 40 bullocks brought to those works leane and out of flesh are returned from the works most commonlie in verie good plight The stuffe carried by these courts for the erection of the walles at Douer was ear●h being of a haselie mould chalke and flee●h wherevnto the carriages were seuerallie imploid the most number for earth whereof the greatest part of the wall consisted the second for chalke which mingled and beaten togither with the earth did make the same more firme line 50 and was placed in the midst of the wall the smallest number for sléech which serued for the out sides onlie For the same being beaten with béetles to the sides of the wall would by and by cleaue so fast and close therevnto as thereby the

〈◊〉 and aff●ction of the lord lieutenant to performe the premisses sig●nified and by good proofe 〈◊〉 stified The states agnise the p●●●emptorie authoritie put into the lord lieutenants hands in respect of his gouernment Like auth●●●tie giuen to the lord lieutenant as other gouernours his 〈◊〉 ●●●decessors 〈◊〉 had in the 〈◊〉 countries ●n acknowledgement and performance of dutie and elegiance inioined to all persons of the low countries vnder paine of punish●ent to the lord lieutenant All pretense of ignorance cut off least the course of obe●●ence might be hindered Councellors 〈◊〉 matters of late elected by the lord ●●eutenant ●●wes for captein● and souldiours The lord l●eutenant commeth from the Hage to Harlem how he was receiued Utricht people commended for their great kindnes shewed to the Englishmen S. Georges feast solemntlie obserued at Utricht S. Georges feast solemnlie obserued at Utricht L. lieutenant inuested in the robes of order Martin Skinke knighted who promised Portcullis to shew him seuentie ensignes that he had now in the field Seminarie préests exec●●t●d at Tiburne A wench burnt in Smithfield Archbishop Canturburi● lord Cobha● lord Buck●hurst of the priuie councell Pag. 1435 〈◊〉 The num●●● of archbish●● of Cantur●●●rie from th● first to the 〈◊〉 Considerations whie the building of Douer hauen is here recorded Douer the néerest place of England to France Douer the most conuenient place of England for a hauen Reasons whie a harbor at Douer would be so beneficiall A true commendation of quéene Elisabeth The 〈…〉 Douer w●ll mainteine a hauen there for euer In peramb. Cant. 〈◊〉 Douer Douer castell reedified by queene Elisabeth Edward the fourth bestowed ten thousand pounds vpon reparations of Douer castell The situation of Douer harbour A naturall rode for ships at Douer The hauen of Rie decaied whereby more néed of a harbour at Douer Ships lost for lacke of sufficient harbour at Douer The first benefit bestowed on Douer harbour Little paradise In the reigne of Edward the Confessor Sir Iohn Thomson préest his supplication Fiue hundred pounds giuen by Henrie the eight towards a beginning of Douer works The maison de Dieu of Douer Surueiors ouerséers Sir Iohn Thomsons deuise discouered The Molehead Douer pierre when it was taken in hand and whereof it consisted A notable d●uise to carrie great rocks by water Foure pence a daie A Gaboth The charge of the pierre The kings care for Douer pierre The kings repaire to Do●er The cause of the decaie of the pierre Officers about the pierre The ruine of Douer pierre Stone called beach or bowlder choked vp Douer hauen Two causes of the decaie of Douer pie rre Some●i●e no harborough at all at Douer How Douer was made desolat That beach which destroied the pierre helpeth now the hauen A bountifull gift of quéene Elisabeth towards the reparing of Douer hauen The patent of the quéenes gift sold vnto two merchants The act of parlement for Douer hauen 23. Elisab Thrée pence the tun of euerie vessell allowed towards Douer hauen The tunnage amounted to 1000 pounds yearelie The tenure of the quéens commission for Douer hauen Iohn True suru●ior generall of Douer hauen The deuise of Iohn True Stone he●ed at Folkestone amounting to 1288 pounds Infinit charge to accomplish the stone wall Iohn True had ten shillings a day for his fée Iohn True is dismissed Ferdinando Poins Poins his groine The pent 16 acres The length of the long wall The crosse wall The rode for ships One thousand pounds to Ferdinando Poins Customer Smith Uarietie of deuises Sir W. Winter sent to Douer to surueie the harbor c. Sir Thomas Scot. The wals of Romneie marsh subiect to the raging seas All the commissioners ioine with sir Thomas Scot and allow his deuise Seuen inuincible reasons against the woodden wall The lord treasurors resolution Of Woolwich and Erith breaches Secretarie Walsingham the chiefe director and furtherer of Douer hauen No dealing by great in matters of excessiue charge and danger Sir Thomas Scots notes Douer pent finished in thrée moneths Reinold Scot and Rafe Smith examined by maister secretarie about the wals of the pent Questions propounded to Poins and the Plumsted men Sir Thomas Scots deuise allowed by the lords of the councell The resolution at a conference at Douer Officers elected at Douer The commoditie of the pent Woolwich breach recouerable Euerie degrée willing to set forward this worke Six hundred courts imploied at once in these works Iohn Smith the ●●penditor Iohn Keies gentleman chiefe purueior A hors●e a court and a driuer for twelue pence the daie The quantitie of one court or tumbrell A benefit to 〈◊〉 ●east The 〈◊〉 substance of the wal●s The disposing of the works Henrie Guilford esquier capteine of Arcliffe castell The beginning of the great works at Do●●r Reasons for the difficultie of the crosse wall This worke vndertaken and other reiected by sir Thomas Scots means Bowle a notable good workman Commissioners Treasuror Two iura●● called directors Eight gu●ders Eight vntingers Eight she●uers Eight ●●●gers Laborers Scauelmen Béetlemen Armors The order of arming Inferior purueiors Clerke Expenditor The groine kéeper The mane● of the wall worke How the wall was saued from being wasted The inconuenience which would haue fol●owed the diuerting of the riuer another waie A sluse made for diuerse good purposes A difficult and dangerous worke Gods blessing and fauour shewed to the works of Do●er Dangers happilie escaped Boies plaie The flag of libertie * Or six A commendation of them which wrought or had anie charge about Douer works Sir Thomas Scot fell sicke in Douer works The death of the ladie Scot. The bredth depth length and charge of the long and crosse wall with the ●●●ming c. A necessarie remedie if water draine vnder the wall Expedition necessarie and profitable The state of the wals A sure triall latelie made of the good effect of the pent A ga●e of the ●●use broken Edward Wootton esquire ambassador into France The effect of the pent Of the sluse The lord Cobham remaineth at Douer one whole moneth Sir Francis Walsingham principall fréend to these works Of the lat● works The note of Iohn Hooker aliâs Vowell concerning the sudden and strange sickenesse of late happening in Excester The original● cause of this infection whereto imputed Barnard Drake esquier The mischiefe of nastie apparell The assise at Excester appointed to be quarterlie kept This sicknes was contagious mortall Principall men that died of that infection Sir Iohn Chichester and sir Arthur Basset bemoned and commended Eleuen of the iurie with other officers die of this ●●ckenesse Affliction draweth men to God c. An introduct●●● to the historicall remembrance of the Sidneis the father and the sonne c. The note of Edmund Molineux touching sir Henrie Sidneis life and death His education in his youth His ●●●●●●ment in ambassage Foure times lord iustice thrise lord deputie of Ireland He suppressed by force and policie

THE Third volume of Chronicles beginning at duke William the Norman commonlie called the Conqueror and descending by degrees of yeeres to all the kings and queenes of England in their orderlie successions First compiled by Raphaell Holinshed and by him extended to the yeare 1577. Now newlie recognised augmented and continued with occurrences and accidents of fresh memorie to the yeare 1586. Wherein also are conteined manie matters of singular discourse and rare obseruation fruitfull to such as be studious in antiquities or take pleasure in the grounds of ancient histories With a third table peculiarlie seruing this third volume both of names and matters memorable Historiae placeant nostrates ac peregrinae TO THE Right Honorable and his singular good Lord Sir William Cecill Baron of Burghleygh Knight of the most noble order of the Garter Lord high Treasurer of England Maister of the Courts of Wards and Liueries and one of the Queenes Maiesties priuie Councell COnsidering with my selfe right Honorable and my singular good Lord how redie no doubt manie will be to accuse me of vaine presumption for enterprising to deale in this so weightie a worke and so far aboue my reach to accomplish I haue thought good to aduertise your Honour by what occasion I was first induced to vndertake the same although the cause that moued me thereto hath in part yer this beene signified vnto your good Lordship Whereas therefore that worthie Citizen Reginald Wolfe late Printer to the Queenes Maiestie a man well knowne and beholden to your Honour meant in his life time to publish an vniuersall Cosmographie of the whole world and therwith also certaine particular histories of euery knowne nation amongst other whom he purposed to vse for performance of his intent in that behalfe he procured me to take in hand the collection of those histories and hauing proceeded so far in the same as little wanted to the accomplishment of that long promised worke it pleased God to call him to his mercie after fiue and twentie yeares trauell spent therein so that by his vntimelie deceasse no hope remained to see that performed which we had so long trauelled about Neuerthelesse those whom he put in trust to dispose his things after his departure hence wishing to the benefit of others that some fruit might follow of that whereabout he had imployed so long time willed me to continue mine endeuour for their furtherance in the same Which although I was redie to doo so far as mine abilitie would reach and the rather to answere that trust which the deceassed reposed in me to see it brought to some perfection yet when the volume grew so great as they that were to defraie the charges for the impression were not willing to go through with the whole they resolued first to publish the histories of England Scotland and Ireland with their descriptions which descriptions bicause they were not in such readinesse as those of forren countries they were inforced to vse the helpe of other better able to doo it than my selfe Moreouer the Charts wherein Maister Wolfe spent a great part of his time were not found so complet as we wished and againe vnderstanding of the great charges and notable enterprise of that worthie Gentleman maister Thomas Sackford in procuring the Charts of the seuerall prouinces of this realme to be set foorth we are in hope that in time he will delineate this whole land so perfectlie as shall be comparable or beyond anie delineation heretofore made of anie other region and therefore leaue that to his well deserued praise If any well willer will imitate him in so praiseworthie a worke for the two other regions we will be glad to further his endeuour with all the helpes we may The histories I haue gathered according to my skill and conferred the greatest part with Maister Wolfe in his life time to his liking who procured me so manie helpes to the furtherance thereof that I was loth to omit anie thing that might increase the readers knowledge which causeth the booke to grow so great But receiuing them by parts and at seuerall times as I might get them it may be that hauing had more regard to the matter than the apt penning I haue not so orderlie disposed them as otherwise I ought choosing rather to want order than to defraud the reader of that which for his further vnderstanding might seeme to satisfie his expectation I therefore most humblie beseech your Honour to accept these Chronicles of England vnder your protection and according to your wisedome and accustomed benignitie to beare with my faults the rather bicause you were euer so especiall good Lord to Maister Wolfe to whom I was singularlie beholden and in whose name I humblie present this rude worke vnto you beseeching God that as he hath made you an instrument to aduance his truth so it may please him to increase his good gifts in you to his glorie the furtherance of the Queenes Maiesties seruice and the comfort of all hir faithfull and louing subiects Your Honours most humble to be commanded RAPHAEL HOLINSHED THE PREFACE to the reader IT is dangerous gentle reader to range in so large a field as I haue here vndertaken while so manie sundrie men in diuers things may be able to controll me and manie excellent wits of our countrie as well or better occupied I hope are able herein to surpasse me but seeing the best able doo seeme to neglect it let me though least able craue pardon to put them in mind not to forget their natiue countries praise which is their dutie the incouragement of their woorthie countriemen by elders aduancements and the daunting of the vicious by foure penall examples to which end as I take it chronicles and histories ought cheefelie to be written My labour may shew mine vttermost good will of the more learned I require their further enlargement and of fault-finders dispensation till they be more fullie informed It is too common that the least able are readiest to find fault in matters of least weight and therefore I esteeme the lesse of their carping but humblie beseech the skilfull to supplie my want and to haue care of their dutie and either to amend that wherein I haue failed or be content with this mine endeuour For it may please them to consider that no one can be eie-witnesse to all that is written within our time much lesse to those things which happened in former times and therefore must be content with reports of others Therein I haue beene so carefull that I haue spared no paines or helpe of freends to search out either written or printed ancient authors or to inquire of moderne eie-witnesses for the true setting downe of that which I haue here deliuered but I find such want in writers for the necessarie knowledge of things doone in times past and lacke of meanes to obteine sufficient instructions by reporters of the time present and herewith the worthie exploits of our countriemen so manie that

it greeueth me I could not leaue the same to posteritie as I wished to their well deserued praise But I haue here imparted what I could learne and craue that it may be taken in good part My speech is plaine without any rhetoricall shew of eloquence hauing rather a regard to simple truth than to decking words I wish I had beene furnished with so perfect instructions and so many good gifts that I might haue pleased all kinds of men but that same being so rare a thing in any one of the best I beseech thee gentle reader not to looke for it in me the meanest But now for thy further instruction to vnderstand the course of these my labours First concerning the historie of England as I haue collected the same out of manie and sundrie authors in whome what contrarietie negligence and rashnesse sometime is found in their reports I leaue to the discretion of those that haue perused their works for my part I haue in things doubtfull rather chosen to shew the diuersitie of their writings than by ouer-ruling them and vsing a peremptorie censure to frame them to agree to my liking leauing it neuerthelesse to each mans iudgement to controll them as he seeth cause If some-where I shew my fansie what I thinke and that the same dislike them I craue pardon speciallie if by probable reasons or plainer matter to be produced they can shew mine errour vpon knowledge whereof I shall be readie to reforme it accordinglie Where I doo begin the historie from the first inhabi●ation of this I le I looke not to content ech mans opinion concerning the originall of them that first peopled it and no maruell for in matters so vncerteine if I cannot sufficientlie content my selfe as in deed I cannot I know not how I should satisfie others That which seemeth to me most likelie I haue noted beseeching the learned as I trust they will in such points of doubtfull antiquities to beare with my skill sith for ought I know the matter is not yet decided among the learned but still they are in controuersie about it and as yet Sub iudice lis est Well howsoeuer it came first to be inhabited likelie it is that at the first the whole Ile was vnder one prince and gouernour though afterwards and long peraduenture before the Romans set any foot within it the monarchie thereof was broken euen when the multitude of the inhabitants grew to be great and ambition entred amongst them which hath brought so manie good policies and states to ruine and decaie The Romans hauing once got possession of the continent that faceth this I le could not rest as it appeareth till they had brought the same also vnder their subiection and the sooner doubtlesse by reason of the factions amongst the princes of the land which the Romans through their accustomed skill could turne verie well to their most aduantage They possessed it almost fiue hundreth yeares and longer might haue doone if either their insufferable tyrannie had not taken awaie from them the loue of the people as well here as else-where either that their ciuill discord about the chopping and changing of their emperours had not so weakened the forces of their empire that they were not able to defend the same against the irruption of barbarous nations But as we may coniecture by that which is found in histories about that time in which the Romane empire began to decline this land stood in verie weake state being spoiled of the most part of all hir able men which were led awaie into forren regions to supplie the Romane armies and likewise perhaps of all necessarie armour weapon and treasure which being perceiued of the Saxons after they were receiued into the I le to aid the Britons against the Scots and Picts then inuading the same ministred to them occasion to attempt the second conquest which at length they brought to passe to the ouerthrow not onelie of the British dominion but also to the subuersion of the Christian religion here in this land which chanced as appeareth by Gildas for the wicked sins and vnthankefulnesse of the inhabitants towards God the cheefe occasions and causes of the transmutations of kingdoms Nam propter peccata regna transmutantur à gente in gentem The Saxons obteining possession of the land gouerned the same being diuided into sundrie kingdoms and hauing once subdued the Britons or at the least-wise remooued them out of the most part of the I le into od corners and mountaines fell at diuision among themselues and oftentimes with warre pursued ech other so as no perfect order of gouernement could be framed nor the kings grow to any great puissance either to mooue warres abroad or sufficientlie to defend themselues against forren forces at home as manifestlie was perceiued when the Danes and other the Northeasterne people being then of great puissance by sea began miserablie to afflict this land at the first inuading as it were but onelie the coasts and countries lieng neere to the sea but afterwards with maine armies they entred into the midle parts of the land And although the English people at length came vnder one king and by that meanes were the better able to resist the enimies yet at length those Danes subdued the whole and had possession thereof for a time although not long but that the crowne returned againe to those of the Saxon line till shortlie after by the insolent dealings of the gouernours a diuision was made betwixt the king and his people through iust punishment decreed by the prouidence of the Almightie determining for their sinnes and contempt of his lawes to deliuer them into the hands of a stranger and therevpon when spite and enuie had brought the title in doubt to whom the right in succession apperteined the Conquerour entred and they remained a prey to him and his who plucked all the heads and cheefe in authoritie so cleerelie vp by the roots as few or none of them in the end was left to stand vp against him And herewith altering the whole state he planted such lawes and ordinances as stood most for his auaile and securitie which being after qualified with more milde and gentle lawes tooke such effect that the state hath euer sithens continued whole and vnbroken by wise and politike gouernement although disquieted sometime by ciuill dissention to the ruine commonlie of the first moouers as by the sequele of the historie you may see For the historie of Scotland I haue for the more part followed Hector Boece Iohannes Maior and Iouan Ferreri Piemontese so far as they haue continued it interlaced somtimes with other authours as Houeden Fourdon and such like although not often bicause I meant rather to deliuer what I found in their owne histories extant than to correct them by others leauing that enterprise to their owne countrimen so that whatsoeuer ye read in the same consider that a Scotishman writ it and an Englishman hath but onelie translated it

perilous doctrines books works and writings conteining heresies and errors contrarie to the faith catholike and determination of holie church and speciallie these heresies and errours following that is to saie in particular In primis quòd non est de necessitate fidei credere quòd dominus noster Iesus Christus post mortem descendit ad infer●s Item quòd non est de necessitate salutis credere in sanctorum communionem Item quòd ecclesi● vniuersalis potest errare in hijs qu● sunt fidei Item quòd non est de necessitate salutis credere tenere illud quod consilium generale vniuersalis ecclesia statuit approbat seu determinat in fauorem fidei ad salutem animarum est ab vniuersis Christi fidelibus approbandum tenendum Wherefore I miserable sinner which here before long time haue walked in darkenesse and now by the mercie and infinit goodnesse of God reduced into the right waie and light of truth and considering my selfe gréeuouslie haue sinned and wickedlie haue informed and infected the people of God returne and come againe to the vnitie of our mother holie church and all heresies and errors written and conteined in my said books works and writings here solemnelie and openlie reuoke renounce Which heresies and errors and all other spices of heresies I haue before this time before the most reuerend father in God and my good lord of Canturburie in diuerse and lawfull forme iudiciallie abiured submitting my selfe being then and also now at this time verie contrite and penitent sinner to the correction of the church and of my said lord of Canturburie And ouer this exhorting requiring in the name vertue of almightie God in the saluation of your soules and mind that no man hereafter giue faith and credence to my said pernicious doctrines heresies and errors neither my said books kéepe hold or read in anie wise but that they all such books works and writings suspect of heresies deliuer in all goodlie hast vnto my said lord of Canturburie or to his commissioners and deputies in eschewing of manie inconueniences and great perils of soules the which else might be cause of the contrarie And ouer this declaration of my conuersion and repentance I here openlie assent that my said books works and writings for declaration and cause aboue rehearsed be deputed vnto the fire and openlie burnt in example and terror of all other c. After this he was depriued of his bishoprike hauing a certeine pension assigned vnto him for to liue on in an abbeie and soone after died His books were intituled 1 Of christian religion and a booke perteining therevnto 2 Of matrimonie 3 Iust expressing of holie scripture diuided into three parts 4 The donet of christian religion 5 The follower of the donet 6 The booke of faith 7 The booke filling the foure tables 8 The booke of worshipping 9 The prouoker of christian men 10 The booke of counsell In the moneth of Ianuarie died the earle of Deuonshire in the abbeie of Abindon poisoned as men said being there at that time with quéene Margaret to appease the malice betweene the yoong lords whose fathers were slaine at saint Albons and they that held with the duke of Yorke The thirtéenth of Aprill there was a great fraie in Fléetstreet betweene men of court and the inhabitants of the same stréet in which fraie the quéenes atturnie was slaine For this fact the king committed the principall gouernours of Furniuals Cliffords and Barnards In to prison in the castell of Hertford and William Tailor alderman of that ward with manie other were sent to Windsore castell the seuenth of Maie On thursdaie in Whitsunweeke the duke of Summerset with Anthonie Riuers and other foure kept iustes before the quéene in the Tower of London against three esquiers of the queenes And in like maner at Gréenewich the sundaie following King Henrie and his councell perceiuing the duke of Yorke laie still and stirred not returned to London and there called a great councell openlie declaring how the French and Scots imboldened by the ciuill discord within this realme attempted to annoie the same as of late they had shewed apparant tokens and likelie not ceasse vpon occasions to doo further displeasures till a perfect concord were concluded betwéene him and his fréends and those of the contrarie part and confederacie And to the intent line 10 that he would be the cheefe author of peace he promised of his dignitie so to interteine the duke of Yorke and his fréends that all old grudges should be not onelie inwardlie forgotten but also outwardlie forgiuen which should be cause of perpetuall loue and assured amitie This deuise was of all men iudged for the best Wherevpon diuerse graue persons were sent to the duke of Yorke and all other the great estates of the realme who since the battell of saint Albons neuer line 20 met nor communed togither commanding them for great causes to repaire to the kings court without delaie At his commandement came to London Richard duke of Yorke with foure hundred men and was lodged at Bainards castell being his owne house and after him came the earle of Salisburie with fiue hundred men and was likewise lodged at his owne house called the Herbour Then came the dukes of Excester and Summerset with eight hundred men and were lodged without Temple barre line 30 and the earle of Northumberland the lord Egremond and the lord Clifford came with fiftéene hundred men and lodged without the citie The earle of Warwike also came from Calis with six hundred men in red iackets imbrodered with white ragged slaues behind and before and was lodged at the graie friers Thus were all those of the one part lodged within the citie and those of the other without in Holborne towards Westminster and in other places of the line 40 suburbs all vpon wise consideration for that the Yorke faction and the Lancastrians could not well haue béene mingled without danger of discord After that these lords were thus come vnto London the king and the quéene shortlie followed comming thither the seuentéenth daie of March and lodged in the bishops palace Bicause no riotous attempt or bickering should be begun betwéene anie of the parties or their retinues the maior and aldermen of the citie line 50 kept great watch as well by daie as by night riding about the citie by Holborne and Fléetstréet with fiue thousand men well armed and arraied to sée good order and peace on all sides kept The lords which lodged within the citie held a dailie councell at blacke friers the other part soiourning without the walles assembled likewise in the chapiter house at Westminster At length by the diligent trauell and good exhortation of the archbishop of Canturburie and other prelats both parties were line 60 persuaded to come to communication and so did Where after long debating of grieuances on both sides they promising to forget all old rancors

vnto none other person anie part disclose that at the last he came foorth of his chamber and yet not downe vnto them but stood aboue in a gallerie ouer them where they might sée him and speake to him as though he would not yet come too néere them till he wist what they ment And thervpon the duke of Buckingham first made humble line 40 petition vnto him on the behalfe of them all that his grace would pardon them and licence them to propose vnto his grace the intent of their comming without his displeasure without which pardon obteined they durst not be bold to mooue him of that matter In which albeit they ment as much honor to his grace as wealth to all the realme beside yet were they not sure how his grace would take it whome they would in no wise offend Then the protector as he was verie gentle of himselfe and also longed sore line 50 to wit what they ment gaue him leaue to propose what him liked verelie trusting for the good mind that he bare them all none of them anie thing would intend vnto himward wherewith he ought to bée gréeued When the duke had this leaue and pardon to speake then waxed he bold to shew him their intent and purpose with all the causes moouing them therevnto as ye before haue heard and finallie to beséech his grace that it would like him of his accustomed line 60 goodnesse and zeale vnto the realme now with his eie of pitie to behold the long continued distresse and decaie of the same and to set his gratious hands to redresse and amendment thereof All which he might well doo by taking vpon him the crowne and gouernance of this realme according to his right and title lawfullie descended vnto him and to the laud of God profit of the land vnto his noble grace so much the more honour and lesse paine in that that neuer prince reigned vpon anie people that were so glad to liue vnder his obeisance as the people of this realme vnder his When the protector had heard the proposition he looked verie strangelie thereat and answered that all were it that he partlie knew the things by them alledged to be true yet such entire loue he bare vnto king Edward and his children that so much more regarded his honour in other realmes about than the crowne of anie one of which he was neuer desirous that he could not find in his hart in this point to incline to their desire For in all other nations where the truth were not well knowne it should peraduenture be thought that it were his owne ambitious mind and deuise to depose the prince and take himselfe the crowne With which infamie he would not haue his honour stained for anie crowne in which he had euer perceiued much more labour and paine than pleasure to him that so would vse it as he that would not were not worthie to haue it Notwithstanding he not onlie pardoned them the motion that they made him but also thanked them for the loue and hartie fauour they bare him praieng them for his sake to giue and beare the same to the prince vnder whom he was and would be content to liue and with his labour and counsell as farre as should like the king to vse him he would doo his vttermost deuoir to set the realme in good state which was alreadie in this little while of his protectorship the praise giuen to God well begun in that the malice of such as were before occasion of the contrarie and of new intended to be were now partlie by good policie partlie more by Gods speciall prouidence than mans prouision repressed Upon this answer giuen the duke by the protectors licence a little rowned aswell with other noble men about him as with the maior and recorder of London And after that vpon like pardon desired obteined he shewed alowd vnto the protector that for a finall conclusion that the realme was appointed K. Edwards line should not anie longer reigne vpon them both for that they had so farre gone that it was now no suertie to retreat as for that they thought it for the weale vniuersall to take that waie although they had not yet begun it Wherefore if it would like his grace to take the crowne vpon him they would humblie beseech him therevnto If he would giue them a resolute answer to the contrarie which they would be loth to heare then must they needs seeke and should not faile to find some other noble man that would These words much mooued the protector which else as euerie man may weet would neuer of likelihood haue inclined therevnto But when he saw there was none other waie but that either he must take it or else he and his both go from it he said vnto the lords and commons Sith we perceiue well that all the realme is so set whereof we be verie sorie that they will not suffer in any wise king Edwards line to gouerne them whom no man earthlie can gouerne against their willes we well also perceiue that no man is there to whome the crowne can by iust title apperteine as to our selues as verie right heire lawfully begotten of the bodie of our most déere father Richard late duke of Yorke to which title is now ioined your election the nobles and commons of this realme which we of all titles possible take for the most effectuall we be content and agrée fauourablie to incline to your petition and request and according to the same here we take vpon vs the roiall estate preheminence and kingdome of the two noble realmes England and France the one from this daie forward by vs and our heires to rule gouerne and defend the other by Gods grace and your good helpe to get againe and subdue and establish for euer in due obedience vnto this realme of England the aduancement wherof we neuer aske of God longer to liue than we intend to procure With this there was a great shout crieng King Richard king Richard And then the lords went vp to the king for so was he from that time called and the people departed talking diuerslie of the matter euerie man as his fantasie gaue him But much they talked and maruelled of the maner of this dealing that the matter was on both parts made so strange as though neither had euer communed with other thereof before when that themselues wist there was no man so dull that heard them but he perceiued well inough that all the matter was made betwéene them Howbeit some excused that againe and said line 10 all must be doone in good order though and men must sometime for the maners sake not be aknowen what they know though it be hard to outreach the circumspect wise vigilant minded man as the poet saith non facile est tibi Decipere Vlyssem For at the consecration of a bishop euerie man woteth well by the paieng for his buls

the long warres of those regions To this was ioined the memorie of Mahomet his grandfather who with a power farre lesse than his and with a small name sent vpon the coasts of the realme of Naples had woone by assault the citie of O●ronto and sauing he was preuented by death had both opened the way and established the meane to persecute the regions of Italie with continuall vexations so that the pope togither with the whole court of Rome being made astonished with so great successe and no lesse prouident to eschew so great a danger making their first recourse vnto the aid and succour of God caused to be celebrated through Rome most deuout inuocations which he did assist in presence bare-footed And afterwards calling vpon the helpe of m●n line 10 he wrote letters to all christian princes both admonishing them of the perill and persuading them to lay aside all ciuill discords and contentions and attend spéedilie to the defense of religion their common safetie which he affirmed would more and more take increase of most grieuous danger if with the vnitie of minds and concordances of forces they sought not to transferre the warre into the empire of the Turks inuade the enimie in his owne countrie Upon this aduise and admonition was taken line 20 the examination and opinion of men of warre and persons skilfull in the discouerie of countries the disposing of prouinces and of the nature and vsage of the forces and weapons of that kingdome and therevpon a resolution was set downe to make great leuies of monie by voluntarie contributions of princes and vniuersall imposts of all people of christendome It was thought necessarie that Cesar accompanied with the horssemen of Hungaria and Polonia line 30 nations warlike and practised in continuall warre against the Turke and also with the footmen of Germanie should saile along Danubi into Bossina called ancientlie Misia and from thence to Thracia and so to draw neare Constantinople the seat of the empire of Ottomanes that the French king with all the forces of his kingdome the Uenetians and the other potentates of Italie accompanied with the infanterie of Swizzerland should passe from the port of Brindisi in Albania a passage verie easie short to inuade Greece a countrie full of christian inhabitants line 40 and for the intollerable yoke of the Turkes most readie to rebell that the kings of Spaine of England and Portugall assembling their forces togither in Cartagenia and the ports thereabouts should take their course with two hundred ships full of Spanish footmen and other souldiers to the streict of Galipoli to make rodes vp to Constantinople hauing first of all subdued the castels and forts standing vpon the mouth of the streict and the pope to take the same course imbarking at Ancona with line 50 an hundred ships armed With these preparations séeming sufficient to couer the land and ouerspread the sea it was thought that of a warre so full of deuotion and pietie there could not be but hoped a happie end speciallie adding the inuocation of God and so manie seuerall inuasions made at one time against the Turkes who make their principall foundation of defense to fight in the plaine field These matters were solicited with no small industrie and to stop all matter of imputation line 60 against the office of the pope the minds of princes were throughlie sounded and an vniuersall truce for fiue yeares betweene all the princes of christendome published in the consistorie vpon paine of most grieuous censure to such as should impugne it So that the negociation continuing for all things apperteining to so great an enterprise he assigned ambassadours to all princes to the emperour he sent the cardinall S. Sisto to the French king he dispatched the cardinall of S. Maria in Portico the cardinall Giles to the king of Spaine and the cardinall Campeius to the king of England All cardinals of authoritie either for their experience in affaires or for opinion of their doctrine or for their familiaritie with the pope All which things albeit they were begun with great hope and expectation and the vniuersall truce accepted of all men and all men with no little ostentation and brauerie of words made shew of their readinesse with their forces to aduance so good a cause yet what with the consideration of the perill estéemed vncerteine and farre off and extending more to one prince than to another and what by the difficulties and long tract of time that appeared to introduce a zeale and vnion so vniuersall priuat interests and respects particular séemed to preuaile more than the pietie of the expedition insomuch that the negociation stood not onelie naked of all hope and issue but also it was followed verie lightlie and as it were by ceremonie This being one propertie in the nature of men that those things which in their beginnings appeare fearefull doo dailie take such degrées of diminution and vanishing that vnles the first feares be reuiued by new accidents they lead men in processe of time to securitie Which propertie of negligence both touching the affaires publike and affection of priuate and particular men was well confirmed by the death that succéeded not long after to Selim who hauing by a long maladie suspended the preparations of the warre was in the end consumed by the passions of his disease and so passed into the other life leauing so great an empire to Soliman his sonne yoong in yeares and iudged to beare a wit and mind not so disposed to the warres although afterwards the effects declared the contrarie At this time appeared betweene the pope and the French king a most great and streict coniuncton for the king gaue to wife to Laurence his nephue the ladie Magdalen noblie descended of the bloud and house of Bullognie with a yearelie reuenue of ten thousand crownes whereof part was of the kings gift and the residue rising of hir owne patrimonie Besides the king hauing borne to him a sonne the pope required that in his baptisme he would impose vpon him his name By which occasion Laurence making preparations to go to marrie his new wife for his more spéed performed his iournie by post into France where he was receiued with manie amities and much honour of the king to whome he became verie gratious and of deare account the rather for that besides other generall respects he made a dedication of himselfe wholie to the king with promise to follow in all accidents his fortune And now to returne to cardinall Woolsie who grew so into excéeding pride that he thought himselfe equall with the king For when he said masse which he did oftener to shew his pompe rather than for anie deuotion he made dukes and earles to serue him of wine with a say taken and to hold to him the bason at the lauatorie Thus was the pride of the cardinall and other priests so past the compasse of reason

at to bring them vnder Coram wherein said he if they had followed my aduise then had they doone well and wiselie This or much like was the effect of the shamelesse and tyrannicall excuse of himselfe more méete to speake with the voice of a beast than of a man Although in this parlement some diuersitie there was of iudgement and opinion betwéene parties yet notwithstanding through the mercifull goodnesse of the Lord the true cause of the gospell had the vpper hand the papists hope was frustrat and their rage abated the order and procéedings of king Edwards time concerning religion was reuiued againe the supremasie of the line 10 pope abolished the articles and bloudie statutes of queene Marie repealed bréeflie the furious fierbrands of cruell persecution which had consumed so manie poore mens bodies were now extinct and quenched Moreouer in the time of this parlement a motion was made by the common house that the queenes maiestie might be sued vnto to grant hir graces licence to the speaker knights citizens burgesses to haue accesse vnto hir graces presence to declare line 20 vnto hir matter of great importance concerning the state of this hir graces realme The which petition being mooued to hir grace she most honorablie agréed and consented therevnto and assigned a daie of hearing When the daie came the speaker common house resorted vnto hir graces palace at Westminster called the White hall And in the great gallerie there hir grace most honorablie shewed hir selfe readie to heare their motion and petition And when the speaker had solemnlie and eloquentlie set foorth line 30 the message the principall matter wherof most speciallie was to mooue hir grace to marriage whereby to all our comforts we might inioie as Gods pleasure should be the roiall issue of hir bodie to reigne ouer vs c. The quéenes maiestie after a little pause made this answer following as néere as I could beare the same awaie saith Grafton The queenes answer to the former line 40 motion of the parlement house AS I haue good cause so doo I giue to you my hartie thanks for the good zeale and care that you séeme to haue as well toward me as to the whole state of your countrie Your petition I gather to be grounded on thrée causes and mine answer to the same shall consist in two parts And for the first I saie vnto you line 50 that from my years of vnderstanding knowing my selfe a seruitor of almightie God I chose this kind of life in which I doo yet liue as a life most acceptable vnto him wherin I thought I could best serue him and with most quietnesse doo my duetie vnto him From which my choise if either ambition of high estate offered vnto me by marriages whereof I haue records in this presence the displeasure of the prince the eschewing the danger of mine enimies or the auoiding the perill of death whose messenger the line 60 princes indignation was no little time continuallie present before mine eies by whose meanes if I knew or doo iustlie suspect I will not now vtter them or if the whole cause were my sister hir selfe I will not now charge the dead could haue drawen or dissuaded me I had not now remained in this virgins estate wherein you sée me But so constant haue I alwaies continued in this my determination that although my words and youth maie seeme to some hardlie to agrée togither yet it is true that to this daie I stand frée from anie other meaning that either I haue had in times past or haue at this present In which state and trade of liuing wherewith I am so throughlie acquainted God hath so hitherto preserued me and hath so watchfull an eie vpon me and so hath guided me and led me by the hand as my full trust is he will not suffer me to go alone The maner of your petition I doo like and take in good part for it is simple and conteineth no limitation of place or person If it had béene otherwise I must haue misliked it verie much and thought in you a verie great presumption being vnfit and altogither vnméet to require them that may command or those appoint whose parts are to desire or such to bind and limit whose duties are to obeie or to take vpon you to draw my loue to your likings or to frame my will to your fansies A guerdon constreined and a gift fréelie giuen can neuer agrée Neuerthelesse if anie of you be in suspect that whensoeuer it maie please God to incline my hart to that kind of life my meaning is to doo or determine anie thing wherwith the realme maie haue iust cause to be discontented put that out of your heads For I assure you what credence my assurance maie haue with you I can not tell but what credit it shall deserue to haue the sequele shall declare I will neuer in that matter conclude anie thing that shall be preiudiciall vnto the realme For the weale and good safetie whereof as a good mother of my countrie I will neuer shun to spend my life And whomsoeuer my choise maie light vpon he shall be as carefull for the preseruation of the realme as you I will not saie as my selfe for I cannot so certeinlie promise of another as I doo surelie know of my selfe but as anie other can be And albeit it dooth please almightie God to continue me still in this mind to liue out of the state of marriage it is not to be feared but he will so worke in my hart and in your wisdoms that as good prouision may be made in conuenient time wherby the realme shall not remaine destitute of an heire that may be a fit gouernor and peraduenture more beneficiall to the realme than such ofspring as may come of me For though I be neuer so carefull for your well dooings and mind euer so to be yet may mine issue grow out of kind and become vngratious And for me it shall be sufficient that a marble stone declare that a quéene hauing reigned such a time liued and died a virgine To make an end I take your comming to me in good part and giue vnto you eftsoons my hartie thanks more yet for your zeale good will and good meaning than for your message and petition Manie that for feare of persecution in quéene Maries daies were fled the realme and liued in voluntarie exile now that all persecution ceased by the gratious clemencie of this noble princesse quéene Elisabeth they returned with all conuenient spéed home into their natiue countrie giuing to almightie God most humble thanks for that his mercifull deliuerance in sending them a gouernor that not onelie permitted libertie of conscience but also was readie to aduance religion and command frée exercise of common praier preaching and administration of the sacraments according to the right institution of the primitiue churches Fridaie the seauentéenth of Februarie one

was a lamentable sight and pitifull remembrance line 40 to the beholders therof After this mischance the queens maiestie being much gréeued for the losse of so beautifull a monument directed hir highnesse letters to the maior of the citie of London willing him to assemble the citizens to take some order for speciall aid and helpe for the reparing againe of the said monument And she of hir most gratious disposition to giue a comfort to others for the furtherance thereof did presentlie giue and deliuer in gold one thousand markes and a warrant for a thousand lode line 50 of timber to be taken out of hir maiesties woods or elsewhere and the citizens of London granted one beneuolence and three fiftéens to be foorthwith paied The clergie vnder the prouince of Canturburie granted the fortith part of the value of their benefices charged with first fruits not charged with first fruits the thirtith part The clergie of the diocesse of London granted the thirtith part of their benefices in first fruits and the twentith part out of first fruits Now immediatlie by commandement of the line 60 quéenes highnesse hir priuie councell tooke order that six citizens of London and two of the cleargie of the church of Paules had charge and commandement to ouersée and set forward this worke who made such expedition that within one moneth next following the burning thereof the whole church that is to saie all the foure great roofes of the same were couered with boords and lead after the maner of a false roofe And the greatnesse of the worke dispatched in so short time could scarselie be credited of anie but of such as saw and knew the same And the cause of this great hast was for feare of raine which might haue perished the vawtes to the destruction of the whole church the people that were therein And before the said yéere was fullie ended all the said iles of the said church were made framed of new maine timber couered with lead fullie finished And the same yeare also the great roofe of the west end was framed and made of new great timber in Yorkeshire brought to London by sea and set vp couered with lead and fullie finished And in like maner within the said yeare the whole roofe and frame of the east end of the said church was made in Yorkeshire brought by sea to London and there laid readie to be raised when the season of the yeare serued This one thing resteth to be told that by estimation of wise men 10000 pounds more than is yet granted vnto it will not perfect finish the church and stéeple in such sort as it was before the burning thereof In this meane time also by reason of the quéenes maiesties letters directed to the maior and his brethren of the citie of London about the burning of Paules there were certeine aldermen and commoners of the said citie named and called togither by the authoritie of the maior to deuise some good order and spéedie remedie for the reliefe and comfort of the said citie whensoeuer anie chance of fire hereafter should happen as God forbid within the said citie or liberties thereof And the persons so called after sundrie méetings and with good aduisement and deliberation agréed and penned a certeine order for the spéedie remedie thereof as well for the readie knowledge of the place wheresoeuer the same fire should happen and for the sudden extinguishment suppressing of the same as also for the safe kéeping of the goods of such persons in whose house anie fire should chance Which orders and rules vndoubtedlie would be to the great comfort safetie of the citie and citizens of the same if they were published and made knowen in time and executed accordinglie But what should I saie I can but lament not onelie for this but also for manie such painefull and profitable labors which for good gouernement of this citie had béene taken For as soone as the talking thereof is doone and the bookes framed and deliuered so soone is it put in obliuion and nothing at all thought vpon vntill an houre after the mischiefe be past This yeare was chosen lord maior of London a worthie citizen named William Harper one of the companie of the merchant tailors This man wishing in his life time to benefit his countrie founded a free schoole in the towne of Bedford where he was borne and now lieth buried prouiding a competent stipend and liuing for a scholemaister there to traine vp and instruct children in vertue and learning foreuer The fiftéenth of Nouember the quéenes maiestie published a proclamation wherein she restored to the realme diuerse small péeces of siluer monie as the peece of six pence foure pence thrée pence two pence and a penie three halfe pence and thrée farthings She also forbad all forren coines to be currant within the same realme as well gold as siluer calling them to hir maiesties mints except two sorts of crownes of gold the one the French crowne the other the Flemmish crowne ¶ Thus did hir maiestie in all hir actions directed to common vtilitie shoot at a certeine perfection purenesse and soundnesse as here in hir new stamps and coines of all sorts so also in Gods religion setting the materiall churches of hir dominions frée from all popish trash which one hath aptlie noted by waie of comparison saieng Eiectis paleis purgatur vt area multo Vsque laborantis serui sudore reuulsis Vt nitet ampla domus quas struxit aranea telis Sic priùs idolis confractis templa fricantur Cuncta scopis quicquid fuit abradentibus vncis Dentibus obscoenum spurcum verbóue repugnans Sacro relligióque erectis cultior ibat Iam pedibus Christúsque Dei cognoscitur agnus Offensas delens mundi peccatáque tollen● Vaenalis populo non indulgentia papae This yeare in England were manie monstruous births In March a mare brought foorth a foale with one bodie and two heads and as it were a long taile growing out betweene the two heads Also a sow farowed a pig with foure legs like to the armes of a manchild with armes and fingers c. In Aprill a sow farrowed a pig with two bodies year 1562 eight féet and but one head manie calues and lambs were monstruous line 10 some with collars of skin growing about their necks like to the double ruffes of shirts and neckerchers then vsed The foure and twentith of Maie a manchild was borne at Chichester in Sussex the head armes legs whereof were like to an anatomie the breast and bellie monstruous big from the nauill as it were a long string hanging about the necke a great collar of flesh and skin growing like the ruffe of a shirt or neckercher comming vp aboue the eares pleited and folded c. line 20 The realme of France being in great trouble about this season by the means of

by the lords of hir maiesties priuie councell with maister William Burroughs and others to surueie and confer about that hauen with the said commissioners vnderstanding Ferdinando Poins had delt in the inning of Woolwich Erith marshes being also willing to doo him good gaue fauourable eare vnto him as to one that propounded an easie and a cheape platforme and not much vnprobable in his opinion whose desire was to haue it well performed and with as small charge as might be for that he was the greatest preferrer of that bill in the parlement house and yéelded the best reasons for a hauen to be there placed At this assemblie were proposed other sundrie mens deuises namelie of one Thomas Brooker gentleman Iohn Stoneham carpentar Bedwell c and among the rest sir Thomas Scot being a man carefull for the affaires of his countrie and therewithall verie perspicuous being wearied with manie fruitlesse conferences delaies strange and vntoward deuises chargeable and vaine attempts and contrarie procéedings and among other things hauing had great experience in Romneie marsh matters the greatest businesse whereof consisteth in making and reparing of wals to defend the same marsh from the inuasion and inundation of the sea and dailie seeing the nature and effects therof weieng also in his mind that Romneie marsh wals are of greater bulke and force than these need to be for that they lie more open to the maine sea and without comparison more subiect to the weight and violent rage thereof and further knowing that the marsh wals are placed not farre from thense vpon that coast vpon a foundation in all respects like vnto the same if not woorse for sometimes they build vpon a verie quicke sand where one maie thrust downe a pole of a doozzen or twentie foot and not find or feele the bottome and after he had compared these workes together perceiuing no impediment whie one rule should not direct two workes of one kind he conferred with his neighbours of Romneie marsh therein who allowed and confirmed his deuise and afterward redilie attended on him to Douer there to approue his opinion with their reasons and experience and not so onelie but also to vndertake and performe what soeuer he had set downe or promised in that behalfe The residue of the commissioners hearing and conceiuing sir Thomas Scots reasons ioined and confirmed with experience not far fetcht but ratified by neere neighbours being persons of good account which were expert from their childhood in the practise of those kind of works inclined greatlie vnto his motion and the rather for that they knew him to be such a one as would not séeke for priuat gaines Howbeit they which exhibited the woodden worke could not well conceiue hereof nor easilie consent herevnto And no waie was thought by them more fit to preferre their owne worke than to make some offer to doo it by great which the lords of the councell greatlie desired as whereby they might vnderstand the vttermost charge and time required for the accomplishing thereof But the price of the woodden wall grew to be so large for fiue thousand and fiue hundred pounds was the lowest rate of their demand for the long wall onelie that it was much misliked For first there was no likelihood or possibilitie that the same should be set fast and vnmoueable wher the slub or sléech is fiftéene foot déepe at the least and the maine rocke immediatlie vnderneath it Secondlie if the same could be erected yet it must line 10 in short time be so shaken by reason of the weight of the pent water on the one side at low water and by the violence of the sea on the other side at the floud that through the vnstedinesse thereof it could not continue tight Thirdlie the nature of the sand and slub was thought to be so different from the condition of woodden boords and planks whereof this wall was to consist that though there were no weight or wether that could impech the stedie standing thereof yet there could be no such firme coniunction betwixt line 20 them but that the verie weight of the wall it selfe must néeds cause the same to decline to one side or other whereby water would draine betwixt by reason of the thinnesse of the slub or sleech which could minister no certeine staie therevnto nor likelihood that the same should so vnite with the wood as to stand stedie and to make a perfect pent in that place but to helpe that matter they meant to haue shored and braced the said timber wall in such sort as the same should haue staid the whole worke yet no line 30 bracing could as the best opinion was haue preuailed to bring that wall to be good or stedie Fourthlie it was thought that such a wall so placed would be subiect to more than ordinarie decaie by reason that anie woodworke lieng in water especiallie when it is sometimes wet and sometimes drie will in short time rot and disioint so as if the same could be repared whereof there was great doubt made yet the reparations would be in respect of charge verie intollerable Fiftlie the delaie of time herein was also line 40 disliked for two yeares being demanded for the accomplishing of that one wall no time could be promised Sixtlie they being demanded whether they had euer séene either on this side or beyond the seas anie such wall or worke they answered No but affirmed it to be in their opinions so probable as they would aduenture to vndertake it for thirtie pounds the rod but in what space to finish it they could not saie Seuenthlie there was required for line 50 the building of this wall 7000 tun of timber which all Kent and Sussex without vnrecouerable hurt in depriuation of their timber was not able to yeeld and the necessarie carriages for such a prouision could haue béene by no meanes procured without the vndooing of the inhabitants and spoile of the countrie These causes were of force inough to ouerthrow a woodden wall The deuise neuerthelesse deserued commendation These matters thus mentioned were afterwards debated before the lords of the councell and line 60 these reasons with manie others were deliuered vnto their lordships by maister Thomas Digs the first elected surueior of the works as from the commissioners The credit of the parties who were to vndertake this woodden wall and their reasons preuailed so much as diuerse noble and wise men grew to conceiue good liking thereof But the lord treasuror whose voice and iudgement in all causes of importance hath in all his time worthilie caried the swaie allowed rather of the marsh works saieng that if he erred therein as not seeing but hearing the matter in question he would erre with discretion as led by the reasons of the commissioners who had séene and tried the experience of that kind of worke Diuerse liked of Poins his worke or at the least of his communication partlie as it is said

thrée actuall rebellions He reuiued and put in execution the lawes for the abolishing of coine and liuerie He deuised the planting of presidents in the remoter prouinces He deuised the lawes for the distribution of the Irish coūtries into shire ground He increased the reuenues ten thousand pounds yerlie His buildings fortifications and other necessarie works for the benefit and good of the countrie He built conuenient rooms for the kéeping and preseruation of the records which before were neglected He caused th● statutes of Ireland to b● imprinted which neuer before were published He procured some Englishmen to be sent ouer for the better administration of iustice A great fu●therer of all publike works The great loue he got him in all pl●●ces where he serued His carefulnesse in the seruice of the state Uerie expert and able he was of a bad clerke in time to frame a good secretarie Of great facilitie in dispatch of common causes A great desire to doo for all men A tender father to his children and a louing master to his seruants Sol●●ario homini atque in agro vitam agenti opinio iustitiae necessaria est He was intirelie beloued of the officers of hir maiesties houshold He was dubbed knight the same daie sir William Cecill was He died at the bishops palace 〈◊〉 Worcester His death greatlie bemoned His corps was buried at Penshurst The time of my ladie Sidneis death Sir Philip sir Robert and maister Thomas Sidneis Marie countesse of Penbroke William lord Herbert of Cardiffe The commendation of sir Philip Sidneie Lord gouernor o● U●●ssingen commonlie called Fl●●shing He surprise● Arell in Flanders He drowned the countrie by making 〈◊〉 entrie into th● sea No resistance made by Mondragon Grauelin His hurt at the incounter néere Zutphen The daie of the death of sir Philip Sidneie Omnis virtus nos ad se allicit facítque vt diligamus eos in quibus inesse videatur tamen iusticia liberalitas id maximè efficit Thomas Louelace condig●li● punished by iudgement of the honorable court in the Star-chamber for counterfeiting of letters c. I. S. Henrie Ramelius ambassador out of Denmarke The Danish ambassador honorablie interteined The maiestie of the English court Heuenlie musike in the queens chapell The ambassador of Denmarke seeth the roiall seruice of the quéene of England Recreations and disports for prince and people This Crosbie ●as a knight 〈◊〉 his gift to 〈◊〉 of ●ondon pag. ●● ●50 The ambas●●dor depar●●th home to●ards Den●arke ●ord Ed●ard earle of Rutland ambassador into Scotland The quéenes maiestie hath speciall care of christian religion to be preserued and propagated ● league betweene England and Scotland confirmed Sée more of this ambassage in the historie of Scotland pag. 456. 〈…〉 The horrible conspiracie of ●abington ●ther his 〈◊〉 traitors 〈◊〉 s●oursed by ● F. Sir Wolstan Dixie lord maior of London Anthonie Ratcliffe and Henrie Prannell shiriffes Sir Francis Drake his turne into England 〈◊〉 his last 〈◊〉 finished Hispaniola in old time called Ophir The returne of sir Francis Drake into England with great riches c. Manie voiages of great difficultie haue beene vndertaken but failed in the issue Traitors indicted arreigned and condemned at Westminster I. S. The first seuen condemned without anie iurie The effect of the last seuen their tresons notable The place of their execution was sometime the méeting place of their consultation The order of the traitors executed Iohn Ballard preest persuader of Babington to these odious treasons executed How Ballard was affected at his death Ballards sophisticall asking of the queens maiestie forgiuenesse Anthonie Babington esquier executed A note of Babingtons pride at the verie instant of his execution Iohn Sauage gentleman executed The fruites that issue from listening to the counsell of Iesuits Romanists and Rhemists Robert Barnewell gentleman executed Chidiocke Tichborne esquire executed Charls Tilneie a pensioner executed Edward Abington esquier executed his thretning spéech Throgmortons prophesie and Abingtons of like truth in euent Thomas Salisburie esquier executed The last seuen traitors executed with great fauour Salisburie acknowledgeth his greeuous offense a note of repentance Uiolence forbidden by Salisburie Henrie Dun gentleman executed The ambitious humour of Henrie Dun. Edward Iones esquier executed Forren inuasion reproued by Iones Iohn Trauers Iohn Charnocke gentlemen executed Robert Gage executed Hir maiesties gratiousnesse commended by this traitor Hypocrisie of Robert Gage Ierom Bellamie gentleman executed One of the Bellamies hanged himselfe in the Tower Ex libello I. Nich. typis C.B. excuso 1581. Sée be fore pag 1357 a 60 c. 1358 v 60 c. The causes that haue so long hindered king Philip to inuade England The reuerend regard that subiects ought to haue of their souereignes c. A gentleman iudged to die because he once thought to haue killed his prince A seuere law against treason A woman tratoresse well rewarded Against séeking after nouelties and to teach men to be well aduised c. Extreame kinds of torments in other countries for treason c. Traitors iustlie rewarded and yet nothing so as they deserue A prettie apolog allusorie to the present case of malcontents Seldome commeth the better Barnardino de Mendoza alwaies mischéefouslie minded against the state of England note his practises with Ballard The Scotish quéene is an actor in this purposed conspiracie Iohn Sauage had vowed and sworne to kill the quéene Babington vndertaketh the managing of the whole action note their tresons The Scotish quéene writeth vnto Babington in cipher with his aduise direction and request The Scotish quéenes aduise in this mischiefous plot fauoring altogither of inhumanitie Six gentlemen of resolution c. Ballard apprehended being readie to be imbarked and transported ouersea The conspirators disguised themselues thinking by that meane to shift the matter Magna est veritas praeualet How the popish catholiks are affected to the Scotish queene What the fugitiue diuines must doo for their parts Iu nefariam Babingtoni caeterorumque coniurationem hexastichon Sir Philip Sidneie slaine at Zutphen in Gelderland of whome sée more pag. 1554. Seminarie préests executed at Tiborn A tempestuous wind in October terrible and hurtfull The accidents noteworthie by meanes of this blustering wind A strange accident of a walnut trée blowne downe with the wind c. The third strange chance Ludgate of London newlie builded Parlement at Westminster Anno Reg. 29. The earle of Leicester returned from the low countries and arriued in England In reditum magnanimi herois Roberti Comitis Lecestrij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 gratulatorium T. N. The parlement proroged line 30 The danger of the ouerthrow of the true religion The perill of the state of the realme The sentence giuen against the Scotish queene solemnlie proclamed An abridgment of the orders deuised for the reléefe of the poore in this time of dearth c. Starch F. T. Anonymall or namelesse chronicles treating wholie or in part of England The conclusion