though he was neuer proued false before promised king Philip that if he would suffer him to returne into England he would so worke with king Edward that he might be made by him admerall of the seas which thing brought to passe he would deliuer the English nauie into the hands line 40 of the said king Philip. Herevpon was he set at libertie and ouer he came into England And for as much as he had knowne to be a man of singular and approued valiancie king Edward receiued him verie courteouslie who remembring his promised practise to the French king fell in hand by procuring of fréends to be made admerall of the seas But king Edward as God would haue it denied that sute The French king in the meane time hauing prepared his nauie conteining thrée hundred saile what with the gallies and other ships for he had got diuerse line 50 both from Merselles and Genoa sent the same foorth to the seas that vpon such occasion the king of England might also send foorth his fléet But the French nauie comming neere to the coast of England and lieng at anchor certeine daies looking for sir Thomas Turberuile when he came not at the day prefixed the capteines of the French fleet appointed one of their vessels to approch néere to the shore and to set on land certeine persons that knew the line 60 countrie to vnderstand and learne the cause of such staie They being taken of the Englishmen and examined could make no direct answer in their owne excuse and so were put to death Some write that they sent fiue gallies towards the shore to suruey the coast of the which gallies one of them aduansing foorth afore hir fellowes arriued at Hide neere to Romney hauen where the Englishmen espâ—eng hir to draw the Frenchmen on land feined to flie bacâ—e into the countrie but returning suddenlie vpon the enimies they slue the whole number of them being about two hundred and fiftie persons They set fire on the gallie also and burned hir The admerall of the French fléet kindled in anger herewith sailed streight vnto Douer and there landing with his people robbed the towne and priorie The townesmen being striken with terror and feare of the sudden landing of their enimies fled into the countrie and raised people on euerie side the which being assembled togither in great numbers towards euening came to Douer and inuading such Frenchmen as were straied abroad to seeke preies slue them downe in sundrie places The French admerall which had beene busie all the day in pilfering the towne hearing the noise of those Frenchmen that came running towards the sea side streightwaies got him to his ships with such pillage as he could take with him The other Frenchmen which were gone abroad into the countrie to fetch preies and could not come to their ships in time were slaine euerie mothers sonne Some of them hid themselues in the corne fields and were after slaine of the countrie people There was little lesse than eight hundred of them thus slaine by one meane and other at that time There were not manie of the men of Douer slaine for they escaped by swift flight at the first entrie made by the Frenchmen but of women and children there died a great number for the enimies spared none There was also an old moonke slaine named Thomas a man of such vertue as the opinion went that after his deceasse manie miracles through him were shewed Sir Thomas Turberuile being troubled in his mind that he could not bring his traitorous purpose to passe began to assaie another waie which was to procure Iohn Balioll king of Scotland to ioine in league with the French king but yer any of his practises could be brought about his treason was reuealed who being thereof euidentlie conuicted was put to execution Nich. Triuet saith that he had promised the French king to cause Wales to reuolt from king Edward and that by procurement of the prouost of Paris he consented to worke such treason And as some write he did not onelie homage vnto the French king but also left two of his sonnes in pledge for assurance to worke that which he had promised His secretarie that wrote the letters vnto the French king conteining his imagined treasons with other aduertisements touching king Edwards purposes fearing least the matter by some other means might come to light as the old prouerb saith Quicquid nix celat solis calor omne reuelat as well to his destruction as his maisters for concealing it disclosed all to the king Now he hauing knowledge that he was bewraied by his seruant fled out of the court but such diligence was vsed in the pursuit of him that he was taken within two daies after and brought backe againe to London where be was conuicted of the treason so by him imagined and therefore finallie put to death ¶ This yeare the cleargie gaue to the king the tenth part of their goods the citizens a sixt part and the commons a twelfth part or rather as Euersden saith the burgesses of good townes gaue the seuenth and the commons abroad the eleuenth penie The same yeare died Gilbert de Clare earle of Glocester which left issue behind him begot of his wife the countesse Ione the kings daughter beside three daughters one yoong sonne named also Gilbert to succeed him as his heire The countesse his wife after hir husbands deceasse married a knight of meane estate borne in the bishopricke of Duresme named sir Rafe Monthermer that had serued the earle hir first husband in his life time The king at the first tooke displeasure herewith but at length through the hie valiancie of the knight oft times shewed and apparantlie approoued the matter was so well taken that he was intituled earle of Glocester and aduanced to great honor ¶ Iohn Romane archbishop of Yorke also this yeare died after whome one Henrie de Newmarke deane of the colledge there succeeded year 1296 ¶ Moreouer the same yeare William de Ualence earle of Penbroke departed this life and lieth buried at Westminster and then Aimer his sonne succeeded him Iohn king of Scotland affianced his sonne Edward Balioll with the daughter of Charles du Ualois brother to the French king and concluded with the said French king a league against the king of line 10 England Nothing mooued the Scotish king so much hereto as the affection which he bare towards his natiue countrie for he was a French man borne and lord of Harecourt in Normandie which segniorie was after made an earledome by Philip du Ualois king of France The Scotishmen had chosen 12 peeres that is to saie foure bishops foure earles and foure barons by whose aduise and counsell the king should gouerne the realme by whome he was induced also to consent vnto such accord with the line 20 French men contrarie to his promised faith giuen to king Edward when he
sauing that because these works were so great and required such expedition as the expenditor was ouercharged with busines though an expert man trained vp in Romneie marsh in those affaires trustie diligent and euerie waie sufficient vnto whose office naturallie belonged the purueiance of all necessaries anie waie apperteining to the mainteinance of the wals There was appointed by the commissioners as chiefe purueior a gentleman of good sufficiencie named Iohn Keies by whose countenance and discreet dealing men were brought to yéeld willinglie anie of their commodities towards the helpe and furtherance of these proceedings for their iust values which was dulie answered vnto them so as no man was séene to complaine of anie iniurie or hard dealing But when the works or rather the workers grew to be greater and more in number than was expected which came to passe by reason of the multitude of courts and workemen who proffered their seruice so fast as from the rate of two hundred which was at the first set downe they increased to six hundred all pastures néere the towne being imploied that waie manie men were content to make their owne prouision conditionallie to be admitted into the works insomuch as some hired pasture for their working horsses seuen or eight miles from Douer and neuerthelesse came to worke with the first and continued the whole daie with them that wrought longest For they came at six of the clocke in the morning and departed at six of the clocke at night except extraordinarie causes in preuenting inconueniences of great and fowle tides caused them to worke longer Diuerse brought thither courts from besides Maidstone and Seuenocke being thirtie or fortie miles from Douer and in the end the officers were driuen to put backe and refuse such as made sute to bring courts into the works and yet had they for their horsse their court and their driuer but onelie twelue pence a daie Which because it séemeth incredible I thought good to discouer and vnfold to the reader in such sort as he might be resolued and satisfied in the certeintie thereof and throughlie conceiue not onelie the possibilitie but also the reason of it First therefore the time of yeare when that worke was to be doone must be considered which was intended and by proclamations in certeine market towns notified to haue had beginning the thirtéenth of Maie when in those parts barleie season is ended and from that time till haruest or haieng time little is to be doone in husbandrie and assoone as haruest should begin their purpose was to leaue this workâ— vntill the yere following So as in this meane time that is to saie from Aprill till haruest the seruants speciallie the cattell of farmers are rather chargeable than anie waie gainefull vnto them and therefore at such a time to raise profit by them is double aduantage Neuerthelesse he that should make his best commoditie herein was to looke circumspectlie into the matter and then might he sée that it was requisit to haue two courts for one boie might driue them both because whilest the one was driuen the other was filled the same being vnloden or discharged he went for the other leauing that to be filled This filler was a labourer allowed to euerie man which had two courts for whome the owner of the two courts had ten pence the daie so as he had for his fâ—ller his driuer his two horsses and his two courts two shillings and ten pence the daie which amounteth to seuentéene shillings the wéeke He paied out of the same for the boord of his filler and driuer six shillings weekelie and so had the owner of cléere wéekelie gaine for his two seruants and two horsses nine shillings which must all this while haue lien at his charge There were among this number certeine double courts which had double wages because they were furnished with two horsses in a court being double in quantitie to the rest and were speciallie imploied about the cariage of sléech a more weightie mould than either the chalke or the earth A single court conteined in length fiue foot in bredth two foot and in depth sixteene inches wherevnto the expenditor looked â—erie narrowlie as also to the suffâ—ciencie anâ— deligence of euerie workemâ—n and â—orse so as vpon euerie default their wâ—ges was totted and defalâ—â—â— or the offendors excluded from the woâ—ks or some times punished with stocks and other 〈◊〉 An entrance into this worke was made in the beginning of Maie one thousand fiue hundred foure 〈◊〉 and thâ—ee in the fiue and twentith yeare of hir maiesties reigne with six courts onelie at the crosse wâ—ll such was the towardlines thereof as yéelded line 10 so great a brute promise of good successe that from that daie fâ—â—ward there were continuallie cariages brought at the rate before set downe beyond all expectation in so much as by the 27 of Iune there were assembled in those works 542 courts and almost 1000 workemen And truelie there consisted so great difficultiâ— in marshalling this multitude for all were to worke at once none might staie for other or be impediment to others worke as without the paterne of fâ—â—mer experience the worke could line 20 hardlie haue béene performed Heerein Richard Coast and William Norris inrâ—ts and the aforenamed Reginald Smith clearke of Romneie marsh were chéefe directors and as it were marshals as hauing dailie experience in the like works For in Romneie marsh there are euerie yeare commonlie imploied at one time about making or mending of some one wall 200 courts at the least in each court for the most part being two oxen for whome the owners hire feeding in the marsh as line 30 they can agrée with the landholders and yet haue had hitherto for their court and deiuer but ten pence the daie And this togither with their manner of working would be woonderfull famous and much spoken of throughout England if the continuance of so manie hundred yeares exercise thereof had not qualified the strangenesse and admiration of it For here though at Douer it could not be so bicause they wrought altogither with horsbeasts the mights féeding preuaileâ—h so much ouer the daies working that line 40 bullocks brought to those works leane and out of flesh are returned from the works most commonlie in verie good plight The stuffe carried by these courts for the erection of the walles at Douer was earâ—h being of a haselie mould chalke and fleeâ—h wherevnto the carriages were seuerallie imploid the most number for earth whereof the greatest part of the wall consisted the second for chalke which mingled and beaten togither with the earth did make the same more firme line 50 and was placed in the midst of the wall the smallest number for sléech which serued for the out sides onlie For the same being beaten with béetles to the sides of the wall would by and by cleaue so fast and close therevnto as thereby the
〈◊〉 and affâ—ction of the lord lieutenant to performe the premisses sigâ—nified and by good proofe 〈◊〉 stified The states agnise the pâ—â—â—emptorie authoritie put into the lord lieutenants hands in respect of his gouernment Like authâ—â—â—tie giuen to the lord lieutenant as other gouernours his 〈◊〉 â—â—â—decessors 〈◊〉 had in the 〈◊〉 countries â—n acknowledgement and performance of dutie and elegiance inioined to all persons of the low countries vnder paine of punishâ—ent to the lord lieutenant All pretense of ignorance cut off least the course of obeâ—â—ence might be hindered Councellors 〈◊〉 matters of late elected by the lord â—â—eutenant â—â—wes for capteinâ— and souldiours The lord lâ—eutenant commeth from the Hage to Harlem how he was receiued Utricht people commended for their great kindnes shewed to the Englishmen S. Georges feast solemntlie obserued at Utricht S. Georges feast solemnlie obserued at Utricht L. lieutenant inuested in the robes of order Martin Skinke knighted who promised Portcullis to shew him seuentie ensignes that he had now in the field Seminarie préests execâ—â—tâ—d at Tiburne A wench burnt in Smithfield Archbishop Canturburiâ— lord Cobhaâ— lord Buckâ—hurst of the priuie councell Pag. 1435 〈◊〉 The numâ—â—â— of archbishâ—â— of Canturâ—â—â—rie from thâ— first to the 〈◊〉 Considerations whie the building of Douer hauen is here recorded Douer the néerest place of England to France Douer the most conuenient place of England for a hauen Reasons whie a harbor at Douer would be so beneficiall A true commendation of quéene Elisabeth The 〈…〉 Douer wâ—ll mainteine a hauen there for euer In peramb. Cant. 〈◊〉 Douer Douer castell reedified by queene Elisabeth Edward the fourth bestowed ten thousand pounds vpon reparations of Douer castell The situation of Douer harbour A naturall rode for ships at Douer The hauen of Rie decaied whereby more néed of a harbour at Douer Ships lost for lacke of sufficient harbour at Douer The first benefit bestowed on Douer harbour Little paradise In the reigne of Edward the Confessor Sir Iohn Thomson préest his supplication Fiue hundred pounds giuen by Henrie the eight towards a beginning of Douer works The maison de Dieu of Douer Surueiors ouerséers Sir Iohn Thomsons deuise discouered The Molehead Douer pierre when it was taken in hand and whereof it consisted A notable dâ—uise to carrie great rocks by water Foure pence a daie A Gaboth The charge of the pierre The kings care for Douer pierre The kings repaire to Doâ—er The cause of the decaie of the pierre Officers about the pierre The ruine of Douer pierre Stone called beach or bowlder choked vp Douer hauen Two causes of the decaie of Douer pie rre Someâ—iâ—e no harborough at all at Douer How Douer was made desolat That beach which destroied the pierre helpeth now the hauen A bountifull gift of quéene Elisabeth towards the reparing of Douer hauen The patent of the quéenes gift sold vnto two merchants The act of parlement for Douer hauen 23. Elisab Thrée pence the tun of euerie vessell allowed towards Douer hauen The tunnage amounted to 1000 pounds yearelie The tenure of the quéens commission for Douer hauen Iohn True suruâ—ior generall of Douer hauen The deuise of Iohn True Stone heâ—ed at Folkestone amounting to 1288 pounds Infinit charge to accomplish the stone wall Iohn True had ten shillings a day for his fée Iohn True is dismissed Ferdinando Poins Poins his groine The pent 16 acres The length of the long wall The crosse wall The rode for ships One thousand pounds to Ferdinando Poins Customer Smith Uarietie of deuises Sir W. Winter sent to Douer to surueie the harbor c. Sir Thomas Scot. The wals of Romneie marsh subiect to the raging seas All the commissioners ioine with sir Thomas Scot and allow his deuise Seuen inuincible reasons against the woodden wall The lord treasurors resolution Of Woolwich and Erith breaches Secretarie Walsingham the chiefe director and furtherer of Douer hauen No dealing by great in matters of excessiue charge and danger Sir Thomas Scots notes Douer pent finished in thrée moneths Reinold Scot and Rafe Smith examined by maister secretarie about the wals of the pent Questions propounded to Poins and the Plumsted men Sir Thomas Scots deuise allowed by the lords of the councell The resolution at a conference at Douer Officers elected at Douer The commoditie of the pent Woolwich breach recouerable Euerie degrée willing to set forward this worke Six hundred courts imploied at once in these works Iohn Smith the â—â—penditor Iohn Keies gentleman chiefe purueior A horsâ—e a court and a driuer for twelue pence the daie The quantitie of one court or tumbrell A benefit to 〈◊〉 â—east The 〈◊〉 substance of the walâ—s The disposing of the works Henrie Guilford esquier capteine of Arcliffe castell The beginning of the great works at Doâ—â—r Reasons for the difficultie of the crosse wall This worke vndertaken and other reiected by sir Thomas Scots means Bowle a notable good workman Commissioners Treasuror Two iuraâ—â— called directors Eight guâ—ders Eight vntingers Eight sheâ—uers Eight â—â—â—gers Laborers Scauelmen Béetlemen Armors The order of arming Inferior purueiors Clerke Expenditor The groine kéeper The maneâ— of the wall worke How the wall was saued from being wasted The inconuenience which would haue folâ—owed the diuerting of the riuer another waie A sluse made for diuerse good purposes A difficult and dangerous worke Gods blessing and fauour shewed to the works of Doâ—er Dangers happilie escaped Boies plaie The flag of libertie * Or six A commendation of them which wrought or had anie charge about Douer works Sir Thomas Scot fell sicke in Douer works The death of the ladie Scot. The bredth depth length and charge of the long and crosse wall with the â—â—â—ming c. A necessarie remedie if water draine vnder the wall Expedition necessarie and profitable The state of the wals A sure triall latelie made of the good effect of the pent A gaâ—e of the â—â—use broken Edward Wootton esquire ambassador into France The effect of the pent Of the sluse The lord Cobham remaineth at Douer one whole moneth Sir Francis Walsingham principall fréend to these works Of the latâ— works The note of Iohn Hooker aliâs Vowell concerning the sudden and strange sickenesse of late happening in Excester The originalâ— cause of this infection whereto imputed Barnard Drake esquier The mischiefe of nastie apparell The assise at Excester appointed to be quarterlie kept This sicknes was contagious mortall Principall men that died of that infection Sir Iohn Chichester and sir Arthur Basset bemoned and commended Eleuen of the iurie with other officers die of this â—â—ckenesse Affliction draweth men to God c. An introductâ—â—â— to the historicall remembrance of the Sidneis the father and the sonne c. The note of Edmund Molineux touching sir Henrie Sidneis life and death His education in his youth His â—â—â—â—â—â—ment in ambassage Foure times lord iustice thrise lord deputie of Ireland He suppressed by force and policie
THE Third volume of Chronicles beginning at duke William the Norman commonlie called the Conqueror and descending by degrees of yeeres to all the kings and queenes of England in their orderlie successions First compiled by Raphaell Holinshed and by him extended to the yeare 1577. Now newlie recognised augmented and continued with occurrences and accidents of fresh memorie to the yeare 1586. Wherein also are conteined manie matters of singular discourse and rare obseruation fruitfull to such as be studious in antiquities or take pleasure in the grounds of ancient histories With a third table peculiarlie seruing this third volume both of names and matters memorable Historiae placeant nostrates ac peregrinae TO THE Right Honorable and his singular good Lord Sir William Cecill Baron of Burghleygh Knight of the most noble order of the Garter Lord high Treasurer of England Maister of the Courts of Wards and Liueries and one of the Queenes Maiesties priuie Councell COnsidering with my selfe right Honorable and my singular good Lord how redie no doubt manie will be to accuse me of vaine presumption for enterprising to deale in this so weightie a worke and so far aboue my reach to accomplish I haue thought good to aduertise your Honour by what occasion I was first induced to vndertake the same although the cause that moued me thereto hath in part yer this beene signified vnto your good Lordship Whereas therefore that worthie Citizen Reginald Wolfe late Printer to the Queenes Maiestie a man well knowne and beholden to your Honour meant in his life time to publish an vniuersall Cosmographie of the whole world and therwith also certaine particular histories of euery knowne nation amongst other whom he purposed to vse for performance of his intent in that behalfe he procured me to take in hand the collection of those histories and hauing proceeded so far in the same as little wanted to the accomplishment of that long promised worke it pleased God to call him to his mercie after fiue and twentie yeares trauell spent therein so that by his vntimelie deceasse no hope remained to see that performed which we had so long trauelled about Neuerthelesse those whom he put in trust to dispose his things after his departure hence wishing to the benefit of others that some fruit might follow of that whereabout he had imployed so long time willed me to continue mine endeuour for their furtherance in the same Which although I was redie to doo so far as mine abilitie would reach and the rather to answere that trust which the deceassed reposed in me to see it brought to some perfection yet when the volume grew so great as they that were to defraie the charges for the impression were not willing to go through with the whole they resolued first to publish the histories of England Scotland and Ireland with their descriptions which descriptions bicause they were not in such readinesse as those of forren countries they were inforced to vse the helpe of other better able to doo it than my selfe Moreouer the Charts wherein Maister Wolfe spent a great part of his time were not found so complet as we wished and againe vnderstanding of the great charges and notable enterprise of that worthie Gentleman maister Thomas Sackford in procuring the Charts of the seuerall prouinces of this realme to be set foorth we are in hope that in time he will delineate this whole land so perfectlie as shall be comparable or beyond anie delineation heretofore made of anie other region and therefore leaue that to his well deserued praise If any well willer will imitate him in so praiseworthie a worke for the two other regions we will be glad to further his endeuour with all the helpes we may The histories I haue gathered according to my skill and conferred the greatest part with Maister Wolfe in his life time to his liking who procured me so manie helpes to the furtherance thereof that I was loth to omit anie thing that might increase the readers knowledge which causeth the booke to grow so great But receiuing them by parts and at seuerall times as I might get them it may be that hauing had more regard to the matter than the apt penning I haue not so orderlie disposed them as otherwise I ought choosing rather to want order than to defraud the reader of that which for his further vnderstanding might seeme to satisfie his expectation I therefore most humblie beseech your Honour to accept these Chronicles of England vnder your protection and according to your wisedome and accustomed benignitie to beare with my faults the rather bicause you were euer so especiall good Lord to Maister Wolfe to whom I was singularlie beholden and in whose name I humblie present this rude worke vnto you beseeching God that as he hath made you an instrument to aduance his truth so it may please him to increase his good gifts in you to his glorie the furtherance of the Queenes Maiesties seruice and the comfort of all hir faithfull and louing subiects Your Honours most humble to be commanded RAPHAEL HOLINSHED THE PREFACE to the reader IT is dangerous gentle reader to range in so large a field as I haue here vndertaken while so manie sundrie men in diuers things may be able to controll me and manie excellent wits of our countrie as well or better occupied I hope are able herein to surpasse me but seeing the best able doo seeme to neglect it let me though least able craue pardon to put them in mind not to forget their natiue countries praise which is their dutie the incouragement of their woorthie countriemen by elders aduancements and the daunting of the vicious by foure penall examples to which end as I take it chronicles and histories ought cheefelie to be written My labour may shew mine vttermost good will of the more learned I require their further enlargement and of fault-finders dispensation till they be more fullie informed It is too common that the least able are readiest to find fault in matters of least weight and therefore I esteeme the lesse of their carping but humblie beseech the skilfull to supplie my want and to haue care of their dutie and either to amend that wherein I haue failed or be content with this mine endeuour For it may please them to consider that no one can be eie-witnesse to all that is written within our time much lesse to those things which happened in former times and therefore must be content with reports of others Therein I haue beene so carefull that I haue spared no paines or helpe of freends to search out either written or printed ancient authors or to inquire of moderne eie-witnesses for the true setting downe of that which I haue here deliuered but I find such want in writers for the necessarie knowledge of things doone in times past and lacke of meanes to obteine sufficient instructions by reporters of the time present and herewith the worthie exploits of our countriemen so manie that
it greeueth me I could not leaue the same to posteritie as I wished to their well deserued praise But I haue here imparted what I could learne and craue that it may be taken in good part My speech is plaine without any rhetoricall shew of eloquence hauing rather a regard to simple truth than to decking words I wish I had beene furnished with so perfect instructions and so many good gifts that I might haue pleased all kinds of men but that same being so rare a thing in any one of the best I beseech thee gentle reader not to looke for it in me the meanest But now for thy further instruction to vnderstand the course of these my labours First concerning the historie of England as I haue collected the same out of manie and sundrie authors in whome what contrarietie negligence and rashnesse sometime is found in their reports I leaue to the discretion of those that haue perused their works for my part I haue in things doubtfull rather chosen to shew the diuersitie of their writings than by ouer-ruling them and vsing a peremptorie censure to frame them to agree to my liking leauing it neuerthelesse to each mans iudgement to controll them as he seeth cause If some-where I shew my fansie what I thinke and that the same dislike them I craue pardon speciallie if by probable reasons or plainer matter to be produced they can shew mine errour vpon knowledge whereof I shall be readie to reforme it accordinglie Where I doo begin the historie from the first inhabiâ—ation of this I le I looke not to content ech mans opinion concerning the originall of them that first peopled it and no maruell for in matters so vncerteine if I cannot sufficientlie content my selfe as in deed I cannot I know not how I should satisfie others That which seemeth to me most likelie I haue noted beseeching the learned as I trust they will in such points of doubtfull antiquities to beare with my skill sith for ought I know the matter is not yet decided among the learned but still they are in controuersie about it and as yet Sub iudice lis est Well howsoeuer it came first to be inhabited likelie it is that at the first the whole Ile was vnder one prince and gouernour though afterwards and long peraduenture before the Romans set any foot within it the monarchie thereof was broken euen when the multitude of the inhabitants grew to be great and ambition entred amongst them which hath brought so manie good policies and states to ruine and decaie The Romans hauing once got possession of the continent that faceth this I le could not rest as it appeareth till they had brought the same also vnder their subiection and the sooner doubtlesse by reason of the factions amongst the princes of the land which the Romans through their accustomed skill could turne verie well to their most aduantage They possessed it almost fiue hundreth yeares and longer might haue doone if either their insufferable tyrannie had not taken awaie from them the loue of the people as well here as else-where either that their ciuill discord about the chopping and changing of their emperours had not so weakened the forces of their empire that they were not able to defend the same against the irruption of barbarous nations But as we may coniecture by that which is found in histories about that time in which the Romane empire began to decline this land stood in verie weake state being spoiled of the most part of all hir able men which were led awaie into forren regions to supplie the Romane armies and likewise perhaps of all necessarie armour weapon and treasure which being perceiued of the Saxons after they were receiued into the I le to aid the Britons against the Scots and Picts then inuading the same ministred to them occasion to attempt the second conquest which at length they brought to passe to the ouerthrow not onelie of the British dominion but also to the subuersion of the Christian religion here in this land which chanced as appeareth by Gildas for the wicked sins and vnthankefulnesse of the inhabitants towards God the cheefe occasions and causes of the transmutations of kingdoms Nam propter peccata regna transmutantur à gente in gentem The Saxons obteining possession of the land gouerned the same being diuided into sundrie kingdoms and hauing once subdued the Britons or at the least-wise remooued them out of the most part of the I le into od corners and mountaines fell at diuision among themselues and oftentimes with warre pursued ech other so as no perfect order of gouernement could be framed nor the kings grow to any great puissance either to mooue warres abroad or sufficientlie to defend themselues against forren forces at home as manifestlie was perceiued when the Danes and other the Northeasterne people being then of great puissance by sea began miserablie to afflict this land at the first inuading as it were but onelie the coasts and countries lieng neere to the sea but afterwards with maine armies they entred into the midle parts of the land And although the English people at length came vnder one king and by that meanes were the better able to resist the enimies yet at length those Danes subdued the whole and had possession thereof for a time although not long but that the crowne returned againe to those of the Saxon line till shortlie after by the insolent dealings of the gouernours a diuision was made betwixt the king and his people through iust punishment decreed by the prouidence of the Almightie determining for their sinnes and contempt of his lawes to deliuer them into the hands of a stranger and therevpon when spite and enuie had brought the title in doubt to whom the right in succession apperteined the Conquerour entred and they remained a prey to him and his who plucked all the heads and cheefe in authoritie so cleerelie vp by the roots as few or none of them in the end was left to stand vp against him And herewith altering the whole state he planted such lawes and ordinances as stood most for his auaile and securitie which being after qualified with more milde and gentle lawes tooke such effect that the state hath euer sithens continued whole and vnbroken by wise and politike gouernement although disquieted sometime by ciuill dissention to the ruine commonlie of the first moouers as by the sequele of the historie you may see For the historie of Scotland I haue for the more part followed Hector Boece Iohannes Maior and Iouan Ferreri Piemontese so far as they haue continued it interlaced somtimes with other authours as Houeden Fourdon and such like although not often bicause I meant rather to deliuer what I found in their owne histories extant than to correct them by others leauing that enterprise to their owne countrimen so that whatsoeuer ye read in the same consider that a Scotishman writ it and an Englishman hath but onelie translated it
a great number of Flemings came into England line 60 beséeching the king to haue some void place assigned them wherein they might inhabit At the first they were appointed to the countrie lieng on the east part of the riuer of Twéed but within foure yeres after they were remooued into a corner by the sea side in Wales called Penbrokeshire to the end they might be a defense there to the English against the vnquiet Welshmen ¶ It should appeare by some writers that this multitude of Flemings consisted not of such onelie as came ouer about that time by reason their countrie was ouerflowne with the sea as ye haue heard but of other also that arriued here long before euen in the daies of William the Conquâ—rour through the freendship of the quéene their countriewoman sithens which time their number so increased that the realme of England was sore pestered with them wherevpon king Henrie deuised to place them in Penbrokeshire as well to auoid them out of the other parts of England as also by their helpe to tame the bold and presumptuous fiercenesse of the Welshmen Which thing in those parties they brought verie well to passe for after they were setled there they valiantlie resisted their enimies and made verie sharpe warres vpon them sometimes with gaine and sometimes with losse In the yeare 1108. Anselme held an other synod or councell whereat in presence of the king year 1108 and by the assent of the earles and barons of the realme it was ordeined 1 That préests deacons and subdeacons should liue chastlie and kéepe no women in their houses except such as were neere of kin to them 2 That such preests deacons and subdeacons as contrarie to the inhibition of the councell holden at London had either kept their wiues or married other of whom as Eadmerus saith there was no small number they should put them quite away if they would continue still in their préesthood 3 That neither the same wines should come to their houses nor they to the houses where their wiues dwelled but if they had any thing to say to them they should take two or thrée witnesses and talke with them abroad in the street 4 That if any of them chanced to be accused of breaking this ordinance he should be driuen to purge himselfe with six sufficient witnesses of his owne order if he were a préest if a deacon with foure and if a subdeacon with two 5 That such preests as would forgo seruing at the altar and holie order to remaine with their wiues should be depriued of their benefices and not suffered to come within the quire 6 That such as contemptuouslie kept still their wiues and presumed to say masse if being called to satisfaction they should neglect it they should then be excommunicated Within compasse of which sentence all archdeacons and prebendarie canons were comprised both touching the forgoing of their women and auoiding of their companie and also the punishment by the censures of the church if they transgressed the ordinance 7 That euerie archdeacon should be sworne not to take any monie for fauouring any person transgressing these statutes and that they should not suffer any preests whome they knew to haue wiues either to say masse or to haue any vicars The like oth should a deane receiue Prouided that such archdeacons or deanes as refused this oth should be depriued of their roomes 8 That préests who leauing their wiues would be content to serue God the altar should be suspended from that office by the space of fortie daies and be allowed to haue vicars in the meane time to serue for them and after vpon performance of their inioined penance by the bishop they might returne to their function In this meane time king Henrie being aduertised of the death of Philip king of France and not knowing what his sonne Lewes surnamed Crassus might happilie attempt in his new preferment to the crowne sailed ouer into Normandie to see the countrie in good order and the townes castels and fortresses furnished accordinglie as the doubtfull time required Now after he had finished his businesse on that side he returned into England where he met with ambassadours sent to him from the emperour Henrie The effect of whose mâ—ssage was to require his daughter Maud in mariage vnto the said emperour wherevnto though she was not then past fiue yeares of age he willinglie consented and shewing to the ambassadours great signes of loue he caused the espousals by waie of procuration to be solemnized with great feasts and triumphs This being ended he suffered the ambassadors honored with great gifts and princelie rewards to depart About this time Gerard archbishop of Yorke died whom one Thomas the kings chapleine succeeded who for lacke of monie to furnish his iournie and for line 10 other causes as in his letters of excuse which he wrot to Anselme it dooth appeere could not come to Canturburie for to be consecrated of him in so short a time as was conuenient But Anselme at length admonished him by letters that without delaie he should dispatch and come to be consecrated And wheras Anselme vnderstood that the same Thomas was purposed to send vnto Rome for his pall he doubted least if the pope should confirme him in his seey by sending to him his pall he would happilie refuse line 20 to make vnto him profession of his due obedience Wherefore to preuent that matter Anselme wrote to pope Paschall requiring him in no wise to send vnto the nominated archbishop of Yorke his pall till he had according to the ancient customes made profession to him of subiection least some troublesome contentions might thereof arise to the no small disquieting of the English church He also aduertised pope Paschall that bicause he permitted the emperour to inuest bishops and did not therefore excommunicate line 30 him king Henrie threatened that without doubt he would resume the inuestitures into his hands thinking to hold them in quiet as well as he and therefore be sought him to consider what his wisedome had to doo therein with spéed least that building which he had well erected should vtterlie decaie fall againe into irrecouerable ruine For K. Henrie maketh diligentlie inquirie saith he what order you take with the emperour The pope receiuing and perusing these letters line 40 wrote againe vnto Anselme a verie freendlie answer concerning the archbishop of Yorke And as for suffering of the emperour to haue the inuestitures he signified to him that he neither did nor would suffer him to haue them but that hauing borne with him for a time he now ment verie shortlie to cause him to feele the weight of the spirituall sword of S. Peter which alreadie he had drawen out of the scaberd therewith to strike if he did not the sooner forsake his horrible errour naughtie opinion line 50 There was another cause also that moued
their walles bulworks gates and other fortifications King Richard though he perceiued that this offer of peace tended vnto this point cheefelie that Saladine would thereby adnihilate whatsoeuer the christian armie had doone in the holie land since his the French kings arriuall so that by the said peace he should gaine more than by the edge of his sword did somewhat staie at this offer and demand as a thing greatlie dishonourable to the christians to lose by treatie of peace so much or rather more than they got by force of warres a meere token of faint and féeble courage yet considering that in such necessitie both of his departure from thence and also of lacke of other succors to resist the puissance of the enimies after his comming awaie he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies hands in auoiding of some greater euill Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure for thrée yeares thrée moneths thrée wéeks thrée daies and three houres to begin at Easter next insuing And among other articles it was couenanted that the christians should haue frée passage to come and go vnto the citie of Ierusalem to visit the holie sepulchre there which was granted so that amongst a great number of christians that presentlie vpon this conclusion went thither Hubert bishop of Salisburie was one who had continued about the king during the time of all his iournie till this time King Richard hauing thus concluded with Saladine tooke the sea and comming againe into Cypres sent his wife queene Berengaria with his sister Ioane late quéene of Sicile into England by the long seas but he himselfe not minding to lie long on the seas determined to take his course into Grecia and so by land to passe homewards with all speed possible Howbeit yer he could atteine his purpose his chance was to be driuen by tempest into the coast of Istria not farre from Aquilia where he stood in some doubt of his life For if he had beene knowne and taken they would surelie haue killed him bicause of the slander that went of him as guiltie of the death of Conrade the marquesse of Montferrato who indéed was slaine by two of the Assassini in the citie of Tyrus whilest king Richard was in the holie land as before yée haue heard He therefore hauing here made shipwracke and doubting to fall into the hands of any person in those parts that bare good will vnto the marquesse against whome he had indéed shewed himselfe not freendlie in a quarrell betwixt the said marquesse and Guido the king of Ierusalem made the best shift he could to get away yet knowledge being had of him and serch made after him by one Meinard of Gorezein he lost eight of his seruants and so came to a towne within the bishoprike of Saltzburge called Frisake where he was estsoones in danger to haue beene taken againe by one Frederike de saint Soome who notwithstanding tooke six of his men but yet he himselfe with three other of his companie made shif◠to get away Finallie comming to Uienna in Austrich and there causing his seruants to prouide meat for him more sumptuous and fine than was thought requisit for so meane a person as he counterfeited then to beare out in countenance it was streightwaies suspected that he was some other maner of man than he pretended and in fine those that marked more diligentlie the maner of him perceiued what he was and gaue knowledge to the duke of Austrich named Leopold being then in the citie of Uienna what they had seene His page that had the Dutch toong going about the towne to change gold and buy vittels bewraied him hauing by chance the kings gloues vnder his girdle wherevpon comming to be examined for feare of tortures confessed the truth The duke streightwaies caused the house where he was lodged to be set about with armed men and sent other into the house to apprehend him He being warie that he was descried got him to his weapon but they aduising him to be contented and alledging the dukes commandement he boldlie answered that sith he must be taken he being a king would yéeld himselfe to none of the companie but to the duke alone and therefore if it would please him to come he would yéeld himselfe into his hands The duke hearing of this spéedilie came vnto him whom he meeting deliuered vp his sword and committed him vnto his custodie The duke reioising of such a preie brought him vnto his palace and with gentle words enterteined him though he meant no great good towards him as well inough appeared in that he committed him to the keeping of certeine gentlemen which without much courtesie looked streightlie inough line 10 to him for starting awaie in somuch that they kept him in cold irons as some authours doo write He was taken after the maner aforesaid in December vpon S. Thomas éeue in the yéere of our Lord 1192. and in the fourth yeare of his reigne The duke of Austrich owght the king no good will bicause he had cast downe his ensignes pitcht vp in a turret at Acres which he had woone at the verie time when that citie was deliuered by the Saracens for while they were in tretie on the one side the line 20 duke on the other not knowing anie thing thereof gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which was appointed vnto him to besiege And so being entred the towne and perceiuing that by treatie it was to be deliuered he retired into the turret which he had first woone and entred and there set vp his standard and ensignes which king Richard as the Dutch writers affirme comming thither threw downe and trode vnder his féet But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this matter line 30 somewhat otherwise as thus After that the said citie of Acres was rendred into the christian mens hands saith he diuerse lords tooke their lodgings as they thought good and hanged foorth their ensignes And as it chanced the duke of Austrich placing himselfe in one of the fairest palaces of all the citie put foorth his ensigne whereof king Richard being warie came thither with a companie of hardie souldiers about him and threw downe the dukes ensigne so displacing him out of that so pleasant and beautifull line 40 a lodging For this cause and also surmizing that king Richard should be guiltie of the death of the marques Conrade the duke of Austrich shewed such discourtesie towards him But concerning the mutther of the marques the chéefe gouernour of those Saracens called Assassini cleared king Richard by a letter written and directed vnto the duke of Austrich in manner as followeth A letter directed to the duke of Austrich wherein king Richard is cleared of the death of the marquesse of Mountserrat whereof he was vehementlie suspected LVpoldo duci Austriae Vetus de Monte salutem Cùm plurimi reges principes
with the king of France without either others consent first thereto had and that if after anie agréement taken betwixt them and the king of France he should chance to make warre against either of them then should the other aid and assist him against whom such warre should be made to the vttermost line 60 of his power This league was accorded to remaine for euer betwixt them and their heires with suerties sworne on either part and for the king of England these whose names insue William Marshall earle of Penbroke Ranulfe earle of Chester Robert earle of Leicester Baldwine earle of 〈◊〉 William earle of Arundell Ralfe earle of Augi Robert de Mellet Hugh de Gourney William de Kaeu Geffrey de Cella Roger câ—â—estable of Chester Ralfe Fitz Water William de Albanie Robert de Ras Richard de Montfichet Roger de 〈◊〉 Saer de Quincie William de Mâ—ntchenise Peter de Pratellis William de Pooâ—e alias de 〈◊〉 Adam de Port Robert de Turneham William Mallet Eustace de Uescie Peter de Brus William de Presennie Hubert de Burgh William de Maâ—sey and Peter Sauenie For the earle these were suerties Anselme de Kaeu Guy Lieschans Ralfe the said earles brother c. But now to returne After that the earle of Bullongne was expelled out of France as before ye haue heard he came ouer to king Iohn and was of him ioifullie receiued hauing thrée hundred pounds of reuenues in land to him assigned within England for the which he did homage and fealtie vnto him Shortlie after this also died William de Breuse the elder which fled from the face of king Iohn out of Ireland into France and departing this life at Corbell was buried at Paris in the abbeie of S. Uictor In the meane time pope Innocent after the returne of his legats out of England perceiuing that king Iohn would not be ordered by him determined with the consent of his cardinals and other councellours and also at the instant suit of the English bishops and other prelats being there with him to depriue king Iohn of his kinglie state and so first absolued all his subiects and vassals of their oths of allegiance made vnto the same king and after depriued him by solemne protestation of his kinglie administration and dignitie and lastlie signified that his depriuation vnto the French king and other christian princes admonishing them to pursue king Iohn being thus depriued forsaken and condemned as a common enimie to God and his churcâ— He ordeined furthermore that whosoeuer imploied goods or other aid to vanquish and ouercome that disobedient prince should remaine in assured peace of the church as well as those which went to visit the sepulchre of our Lord not onlie in their goods and persons but also in suffrages for sauing of their soules But yet that it might appeare to all men that nothing could be more ioifull vnto his holinesse than to haue king Iohn to repent his trespasses committed and to aske forgiuenesse for the same he appointed Pandulph which latelie before was returned to Rome with a great number of English exiles to go into France togither with Stephan the archbishop of Canturburie and the other English bishops giuing him in commandement that repairing vnto the French king he should communicate with him all that which he had appointed to be doone against king Iohn and to exhort the French king to make warre vpon him as a person for his wickednesse excommunicated Moreouer this Pandulph was commanded by the pope if he saw cause to go ouer 〈◊〉 England and to deliuer vnto king Iohn such letters as the pope had written for his better instruction and to séeke by all means possible to draw him from his naughtie opinion In the meane time when it was bruted through the realme of England that the pope had released the people absolued them of their oth of fidelitie to the king and that he was depriued of his gouernement by the popes sentence by little and little a great number both of souldiers citizens burgesses capteins and conestables of castels leauing their charges bishops with a great multitude of preests reuolting from him and auoiding his companie and presence secretlie stale awaie and got oueâ— into France Notwithstanding that diuerse in respect of the popes cursse and other considerations them 〈◊〉 otherlie refused in this manner to obeie king Iohn yet there werâ— manie others that did take his Part and mainteine his quarell verie earnestlie as his brother William earle of Salesburie Alberâ—ke de â—â—eere erle of Oxford Geffrey Fitz Peter lord chéefe iustice of England also thrée bishops Durham Winchester and Norwich Richard de Marish lord chancellour Hugh Neuill chiefe forrester William de Wroshing lord warden of the ports Robert Ueipount and his brother Yuan Brian de Lisle Geffrey de Lucie Hugh Ballioll and his brother Barnard William de Cantlow and his son William Fulke de Cantlow Reginald de Cornehull shiriffe of Kent Robert Braibrooke and his son Harrie Philip de Louecotes Iohn de Bassingborne Philip March line 10 Chatelaine of Notingham Peter de Maulley Robert de Gaugy Gerard de Athie and his nephue Ingelrand William Brewer Peter Fitz Hubert Thomas Basset and Foulks de Brianta Norman with many other too long here to rehearse who as fautors and councellors vnto him sought to defend him in all causes notwithstanding the censures of the church so cruellie pronounced against him knowing that they were bound in conscience to sticke to him now speciallie in this generall apostasie of his péeres and line 20 people For they were opinioned that it was Turpe referre pedem nec passu stare tenaci Turpe laborantem deseruisse ratem The same yeare king Iohn held his Christmasse at Windsor year 1212 and in the Lent following on midlent sundaie being at London he honoured the lord Alexander sonne and heire to the king of Scots with the high order of knighthood And as I find it mentioned by some writers wheras he vnderstood how there were diuerse in Scotland that contemning their naturall line 30 lord and king by reason of his great age king Iohn went thither with an armie to represse the rebels and being come thither he sent his men of war into the inner parts of the country who scowring the coasts tooke Guthred Macwilliam capteine of them that moued sedition whom king Iohn caused to be hanged on a paire of gallowes This Guthred was descended of the line of the ancient Scotish kings and being assisted with the Irishmen and Scots that fauoured not the race of the kings that presentlie line 40 reigned wrought them much trouble as his father named Donald had doone before him sometime secretlie vnder hand and sometime againe by way of open rebellion Shortlie after the Welshmen began to sturre also who rushing out of their owne confines fell vpon their next neighbours within the English marshes wasted the countrie and ouerthrew diuerse castels
restitution that should be made to them for losses susteined in time of the interdiction Now the cause wherefore the legat and the king line 20 did send vnto the pope was this There was some grudge betwixt the legat and the archbishop for that where the pope had written to the legat how he should according to the order of the ancient canons of the church place in euerie bishops sée and abbeie that was void méet and able persons to rule and guide the same the legat presuming on that authoritie granted him by the pope without the aduise of the archbishop or other bishops tooke onelie with him certeine of the kings chapleins and comming with line 30 them to such churches as were vacant ordeined in them such persons as were nothing méet to take such charge vpon them and that according to the old abuse of England as Matthew Paris saith Wherevpon the archbishop of Canturburie repining at such dooings year 1214 sent to the legat as then being at Burton vpon Trent two of his chapleins from Dunstable where he and his suffragans held as then a synod after the feast of the Epiphanie commanding him by waie of appeale in no wise to meddle with instituting line 40 any gouernours to churches within the precinct of his iurisdiction where such institutions belonged onelie to him Herevpon therefore the legat dispatched Pandulph to Rome vnto the pope as is aforesaid and the king likewise sent ambassadors thither as the bishop of Norwich and the archdeacon of Northumberland with others the which in the end so behaued themselues in their suit that notwithstanding Simon Langton the archbishops brother earnestlie withstood line 50 them as proctor for the bishops yet at length the pope tooke order in the matter writing vnto his legat that he should sée the same fulfilled and then absolue the realme of the former interdiction In this meane time king Iohn made prouision to go ouer into France as after yee shall heare but at his going ouer he committed the whole ordering of this matter vnto the legat and to William Marshall the earle of Penbroke The legat therefore vpon the receipt of the popes bulles called a councell at London line 60 and there declaring what was conteined in the same he tooke hands for paiment of the residue of the fortie thousand marks which was behind being 13000 onelie as before I haue said About the same time also Walter Gray bishop of Worcester was remooued to the gouernement of the sée of Yorke which had béen vacant euer since the death of the archbishop Geffrey This Walter was the three thirtith archbishop that gouerned that sée But now to returne and speake of the kings affaires in the parts beyond the sea Ye shall vnderstand that hauing set his businesse in some good staie at home with the legat he applied his studie to the performance of his warâ— abroad and therefore he first sent monie into Flanders to paie the souldiers wages which he had sent thither to aid the erle there against king Philip. Which earle came ouer this yeare into England and at Canturburie the king receiued him where he did homage to the king for the whole earledome of Flanders and on the other part the king as well to the said earle as to such lords and bishops which came ouer with him declared his roiall liberalitie by princelie gifts of gold siluer iewels and pâ—etious stones After his returne such capteins as remained in his countrie with their bands at the king of Englands paie made a iournie into France and wasted the lands that belonged to the earle of Guisnes wanne the castell of Bruncham and raced it taking within it diuerse men of armes and demilances They also wanne by siege the towne of Aire and burnt it The castell of Liens they tooke by assault and slue manie souldiers that defended it beside those which they tooke prisoners Moreouer they wasted and destroied the lands which Lewes the French kings sonne was possessed of in those parts In the meane time king Iohn hauing prepared a mightie nauie and a strong armie of valiant soldiers tooke sea at Portsmouth on Candlemas day with his wife his sonne Richard Elianor the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine He had not many of his earles or barons with him but a great number of knights and gentlemen with whome he landed at Rochell in safetie within a few daies after his setting foorth He tooke ouer with him inestimable treasure as it was reported in gold siluer and iewels Immediatlie vpon his arriuall at Rochell the barons of Poictow reuolted from the French king and comming in to king Iohn did homage vnto him as to their king and souereigne lord But howsoeuer it was after the truce began to expire which he had granted vnto the earls of Marsh and Augi on the friday before Whitsunday he came with his armie before the castell of Meireuent which belonged vnto Geffrey de Lucignam and on the day next insuing being Whitsun éeue he wanne the same On Whitsunday he laid siege vnto Nouant an other castell belonging to the same Geffrey who as then was lodged in the same and also two of his sonnes but within thrée daies after that the siege was laid the earle of Marsh came to king Iohn and did so much preuaile that through his means both Geffrey and his two sonnes were receiued to mercie and king Iohn put in possession of the castell After this bicause king Iohn was aduertised that Lewes the French kings sonne had now besieged Mountcounter a castell that was apperteining to the said Geffrey he hasted thitherwards and came to Parthenay whither came to him as well the foresaid earle of Marsh as also the earle of Augi and both they togither with the said Geffrey de Lucignam did homage to our king and so became his liege men The same time also the ladie Iane the kings daughter was affianced to the said earle of Marsh his sonne whereas the French king made means to haue hir married to his sonne but bicause king Iohn doubted least that suit was attempted but vnder some cloked pretense he would giue no eare thereto but rather made this match with the earle of Marsh in hope so to assure himselfe of the said earle that he might stand him in no small stéed to defend his cause against his aduersaries of France But now to the dooings in England ¶ Ye haue heard before how pope Innocent or râ—ther Nocent who was the root of much mischiefe and trouble which qualities are nothing consonant to his name according to that king Iohn had required of him by solemne messengers directed his bulles vnto his legat Nicholas declaring vpon what conditions his pleasure was to haue the sentence of interdiction released Wherein first he commanded that the king should satisfie and pay so much monie vnto the archbishop of Canturburie and to the bishop of
situation vpon the sea coastes were so destroied and decaied in their walles and fortifications that they could not long be any great aid to either part and therefore being not of force to hold out they were compelled to obeie one or other where by their willes they would haue doone otherwise This was the cause that the K. of England oftentimes vpon trust of these townes which for the most part were readie to receiue him was brought into some hope to recouer his losses and cheefelie for that he was so manie times procured to attempt his fortune there at the request of the fickle-minded Poietouins who whilest they did seeke still to purge their offenses to the one king or to the other they dailie by new treasons defamed their credit and so by such means the king of England oftentimes with small aduantage or none at all made warre against the French king in trust of their aid that could or vpon the least occasion conceiued quickelie would doo little to his furtherance And so thereby king Henrie as well as his father king Iohn was oftentimes deceiued of his vaine conceiued hope In this seauen and twentith yeare of king Henries reigne diuerse noble personages departed this life and first about the beginning of Ianuarie deceassed the lord Richard de Burgh a man of great honour and estimation in Ireland where he held manie faire possessions by conquest of that noble gentleman his worthie father Also that valiant warriour Hugh Lacie who had conquered in his time a great part of Ireland Also the same yere on the seauenth of Maie Hugh de Albenie earle of Arundell departed this life in the middest of his youthfull yeares and was buried in the priorie of Wimundham which his ancestours had founded After his deceasse that noble heritage was diuided by partition amongst foure sisters About the same time to wit on the twelfth day of Maie Hubert de Burgh earle of Kent departed this life at his manor of Banstude and his bodie was conueied to London and there buried in the church of the Friers preachers vnto the which Friers he had beene verie beneficiall Amongst other things he gaue vnto them his goodlie palace at Westminster adioining neere to the palace of the earle of Cornewall which the archbishop of Yorke afterwards purchased The moonks of the Cisteaux were this yeare somewhat vexed by the king bicause they had refused to aid him with monie towards his iournie made into Gascoigne Also the plées of the crowne were kept and holden in the towre of London And in the night of the six and twentith day of Iulie starres were séene fall from the skie after a maruellous sort not after the common manner but thirtie or fortie at once so fast one after another and glansing to and fro that if there had fallen so manie verie starres in deed there would none haue béene left in the firmament In the eight and twentith yeare of king Henries reigne the quéenes mother the ladie Beatrice countesse of Prouance arriued at Douer on the fouretéenth day of Nouember bringing with hir the ladie Sanctia hir daughter and in the octaues of S. Martine they were receiued into London in most solemne wise the stréets being hanged with rich clothes as the maner is at the coronations of princes On S. Clements day Richard earle of Cornewall the kings brother married the said ladie Sanctia which marriage was solemnized in most roiall wise and with such sumptuous feasts and banketings as greater could not be deuised Finallie the quéens mother the countesse of Prouance being a right notable and worthie ladie was honored in euerie degrée of hir sonne in law king Henrie in most courteous and sumptuous manner and at hir departure out of the realme which was after Christmasse shée was with most rich and princelie gifts honourablie rewarded About the same time also whereas William de Ralegh was requested to remooue from the see of Norwich vnto Winchester and consenting therevnto without the kings licence obteined his confirmation of the pope the king was highlie displeased therewith bicause he ment it to another Wherevpon when the said William Ralegh was returned from Rome to be installed the king sent commandement to the maior and citizens of Winchester that they should not suffer him to enter the citie Wherevpon he being so kept out accurssed both the citie and cathedrall church with all the moonks and others that fauoured the prior which had intruded himselfe onelie by the kings authoritie and not by lawfull election and means as was supposed At length the said bishop vpon gréefe conceiued that the king should be so heauie lord vnto him year 1244 got into a ship at London and stale awaie into France where he was well receiued of the French king and greatlie cherished Also he found such means that the line 10 pope in fauour of his cause wrote letters both to the king and to the queene naming hir his coosen but which waie that kindered should come about as yet it was neuer knowen The bishop to shew himselfe thankefull for such freendship gaue the pope aboue six thousand marks as is said and the pope bicause he would not be accompted a disdainefull person turned not backe one pennie of that which was so gentlie offered him At length partlie at contemplation of the popes letters and partlie by reason the bishop line 20 humbled himselfe in answering the articles which the king had obiected against him in cause of the controuersie betwixt them he granted him his peace and receiued him into the land restoring to him all that had beene taken and deteined from him Moreouer in this meane while the pope trusting more than inough vpon the kings simplicitie and patience who indeed durst not in any case seeme to displease him had sent an other collector of monie into England named Martine not adorned with power line 30 legantine but furnished with such authorities and faculties as had not beene heard of He was lodged in the temple where he shewed what commission he had to gather vp the popes reuenues and to exact monie by sundrie maner of meanes and so fell in hand therewith vsing no small diligence therein vnto the great gréefe and hurt of conscience of manie he had power to staie the bestowing of benefices till he was satisfied to the full contentation of his mind Benefices of small value he regarded not greatlie line 40 but such as were good liuings in déed felt his heauie and rauenous hands extended towards them He had power also to excommunicate to suspend and to punish all such as should resist his will although neuer so wilfullie bent in so much that it was said he had sundrie blankes vnder the popes bulled seale bicause that vpon the sudden he brought foorth such as seemed best to serue for his purpose He vsed this his vnmeasurable authoritie to the vttermost and therein did not forget
whereby any hurt might insue either to the king or to the realme ¶ Thus haue we thought good to shew the cause of this earles death as by some writers it hath béene registred although there be that write that the ouerthrow at Beighland chanced through his fault by misleading a great part of the kings host and that therefore the king being offended with him caused him to be put to death albeit as I thinke no such matter was alleged against him at the time of his arreignement About this season was the foundation begun of S. Michaels colledge in Cambridge by one sir Henrie Stanton knight chancellour of the excheker About the feast of the Ascension there came as commissioners from the king of England vnto Newcastell Aimerie earle of Penbroke and the lord chamberlaine Hugh Spenser the yoonger and other foure personages of good accompt And from the king of Scots there came the bishop of saint Andrews Thomas Randulfe earle of Murrey and other foure of good credit to treat of peace or at the leastwise of some long truce and through the good will and pleasure of God the author of all peace and quietnesse they concluded vpon a truce to indure for thirteene yeares and so about the feast of saint Barnabe the apostle it was proclaimed in both realmes but yet so that they might not traffike togither bicause of the excommunication wherewith the Scots were as yet intangled although as some write about the same time the interdict wherein the realme of Scotland stood bound was by pope Iohn released The French K. being latelie come to the crowne sent certeine ambassadors vnto king Edward to wit the lord Beouille and one Andreas de Florentia a notarie to giue summons vnto him from the French king to come and doo homage for the lands which he held in France as for the duchie of Aquitaine and the countie of Pontieu And though the lord chamberleine Hugh Spenser the sonne and the lord chancellour Robert Baldocke did what they could to procure these ambassadors not to declare the cause of their comming to the king yet when they should depart they admonished the king to come and doo his homage vnto the French king and vpon this admonition the said Andreas framed a publike instrument by vertue whereof the French king made processe against the king of England and â—eized into his hands diuerse townes and castels in Aquitaine alledging that he did it for the contumacie shewed by the king of England in refusing to come to doo his homage being lawfullie summoned although the king was throughlie informed that the summons was neither lawfull nor touched him anie thing at all About the same time the lord Roger Mortimer of Wigmor giuing his kéepers a drinke that brought them into a sound and heauie sléepe escaped out of the tower of London where he was prisoner This escape of the lord Mortimer greatlie troubled the king so that immediatlie vpon the first news he wrote to all the shiriffes of the realme that if he chanced to come within their roomes they should cause hue and crie to be raised so as he might be staied and arrested but he made such shift that he got ouer into France where he was receiued by a lord of Picardie named monsier Iohn de Fieules who had faire lands in England and therefore the king wrote to him reprouing him of vnthankfulnesse considering he had beene euer readie to pleasure him and to aduance his profits and commodities and yet notwithstanding he did succour the said lord Mortimer and other rebels that were fled out of his realme In Lent this yeare a parlement was holden at London in the which diuerse things were intreated amongst other the cheefest was to determine for the sending of some honorable ambassage to the French king to excuse the king for not comming to him to doo his homage according to the pretended summons line 10 ¶ In the same parlement Adam bishop of Hereford was arrested and examined vpon points of treason for aiding succouring and mainteining the Mortimers and other of the rebels This bishop was reckoned to be wise subtill and learned but otherwise wilfull presumptuous and giuen to mainteine factions At the first he disdeined to make anie answer at all and finallie when he was in manner forced thereto he flatlie told the king that he might not make any answere to such matters as he was charged with except by the licence and consent of his line 20 metropolitane the archbishop of Canturburie and other his péeres Héerevpon the said archbishop and other bishops made such sute that he was committed to the kéeping of the said archbishop with him to remaine till the king had taken order for his further answer Within few daies after when the king called him againe before his presence to make answere to the matters laid against him the archbishops of Canturburie line 30 Yorke Dublin and ten other bishops came with their crosses afore them and vnder a colour of the priuilege and liberties of the church tooke him awaie before he had made anie answere forbidding all men on paine of excommunication to laie anie hands vpon him The king greatlie offended with this bold procéeding of the prelats caused yet an inquest to be impauelled to inquire of the bishop of Herefords treasons and vpon the finding of him giltie he seized into his hands all the temporalties line 40 that belonged to his bishoprike and spoiled his manours and houses most violentlie in reuenge of his disloiall dealings Moreouer in this parlement the lands and possessions that belonged sometime to the Templers and had beene deliuered vnto the knights Hospitalers otherwise called knights of the Rodes by the king in the seauenth yeare of his reigne according to the decrée of the councell of Uienna were by authoritie of this parlement assured vnto the said knights to enioy line 50 to them and their successors for euer Also it was concluded that the earle of Kent and the archbishop of Dubline should go ouer as ambassadours into France to excuse the king for his not comming in person to the French king to doo his homage for the lands he held in France Moreouer in the same parlement the king granted that all the dead bodies of his enimies and rebels that had suffered and hanged still on the gallowes should be taken downe and buried in the churchyards next to the places where line 60 the same bodies were hanging and not elsewhere by such as would take paine to burie them as by his writs directed vnto the shiriffes of London and of the counties of Middlesex Kent Glocester Yorke and Buckingham it appeared And not onelie this libertie was granted at that time for the taking down of those bodies but as some write it was decréed by authoritie in the same parlement that the bodies of all those that from thenceforth should be hanged
thing without readie paiment and those that from thencefoorth did contrarie to this ordinance should be extremelie punished There was granted to the king in this parlement six and twentie shillings line 10 eight pence of euerie sacke of wooll that was to be transported ouer the sea for thrée yeares next insuing Furthermore at the sute of the commons it was ordeined and established by an act in this parlement deuised that men of law should plead their causes and write their actions and plaints in the English toong and not in the French as they had béene accustomed to doo euer since the Conquerors time It was ordeined also that schoolemasters should teach line 20 their scholers to construe their lessons in English not in French as before they had béene vsed The K. shewed so much curtesie to the French hostages that he permitted them to go ouer to Calis and there being néere home to purchase friendship by oft calling on their fréends for their deliuerance They were suffered to ride to and fro about the marches of Calis for the space of foure daies togither so that on the fourth daie before sunne setting they returned into Calis againe The duke of Aniou turning this libertie line 30 to serue his owne turne departed from thence and went home into France without making his fellowes priuie to his purpose This yeare a parlement was called by the king which began the ninth of October from the which none of the noble men could obteine licence to be absent In this parlement all rich ornaments of gold and siluer vsed to be worne in kniues girdels ouches rings or otherwise to the setting foorth of the bodie were prohibited except to such as might dispend ten line 40 pounds by yeare Morouer that none should weare any rich clothes or furres except they might dispend an hundred pounds by yeare ¶ Moreouer it was enacted that labourers and husbandmen should not vse any deintie dishes or costlie drinks at their tables But these and such other acts as were deuised and established at this parlement tooke none effect as after it appeared In this yeare there came into England to speake with king Edward concerning their weightie affaires thrée kings to wit the king of line 50 France the king of Scotland the king of Cypres they were honorablie receiued and highlie feasted The king of Scotland and the king of Cypres after they had dispatched their businesse for the which they came turned backe againe but the French king fell sicke and remained here till he died as in the next yeare ye shall heare He arriued here in England about the latter end of this yeare and came to Eltham where king Edward as then laie on the foure and twentith day of Ianuarie year 1364 and there dined line 60 After diner he tooke his horsse and rode toward London and vpon Blacke heath the citizens of London clad in one kind of liuerie and verie well horssed met him and conueied him from thence through to London to the Sauoy where his lodging was prepared About the beginning of March in this eight and thirtith yeare the forenamed French king fell into a gréeuous sickenesse of the which he died the eight day of Aprill following His corps was conueied into France and there buried at S. Denise his exequies were kept here in England in diuerse places right solemnelie by king Edwards appointment This yeare by reason of an extreme sore frost continuing from the seuen and twentith day of September last passed vnto the beginning of Aprill in this eight and thirtith yeare or rather from the seuenth day of December till the ninetenth day of March as Walsingham and other old writers doo report the ground laie vntild to the great hinderance and losse of all growing things on the earth This yeare on Michaelmasse day before the castell of Aulroy not far distant from the citie of Uannes in Britaine a sore battell was fought betwixt the lord Charles de Blois and the lord Iohn of Mountford For when there could be no end made betwixt these two lords touching their title vnto the duchie of Britaine they renewed the wars verie hotlie in that countrie and procured all the aid they might from each side The king of France sent to the aid of his cousine Charls de Blois a thousand speares and the earle of Mountford sent into Gascoigne requiring sir Iohn Chandois and other Englishmen there to come to his succour Sir Iohn Chandois gladlie consented to this request and therevpon got licence of the prince and came into Britaine where he found the earle of Mountford at the siege of the foresaid castell of Aulroy In the meane time the lord Charles de Blois being prouided of men and all things necessarie to giue battell came and lodged fast by his enimies The earle of Mountford aduertised of his approch by the aduise of sir Iohn Chandois and other of his capteins had chosen out a plot of ground to lodge in and meant there to abide their enimies With the lord Charles of Blois was that valiant knight sir Berthram de Cleaquin or Guesclin as some write him by whose aduise there were ordeined three battels and a reregard and in each battell were appointed a thousand of good fighting men On the other part the earle of Mountford diuided his men likewise into thrée battels and a reregard The first was led by sir Robert Knols sir Walter Hewet and sir Richard Brulle or Burlie The second by sir Oliuer de Clisson sir Eustace Daubreticourt and sir Matthew Gournie The third the earle of Mountford him selfe guided and with him was sir Iohn Chandois associat by whom he was much ruled for the king of England whose daughter the earle of Mountford should marie had written to sir Iohn Chandois that he should take good héed to the businesse of the said earle and order the same as sagelie as he might deuise or imagine In ech of these thrée armies were fiue hundred armed men and foure hundred archers In the reregard were appointed fiue hundred men of warre vnder the gouernance of sir Hugh Caluerlie Beside sir Iohn Chandois other Englishmen recited by Froissard there was the lord William Latimer as one of the chiefe on the earle of Mountfords side There were not past sixtéene hundred good fighting men on that side as Thomas Walsingham plainelie writeth Now when the hosts were ordred on both sides as before we haue said they approched togither the Frenchmen came close in their order of battell and were to the number of fiue and twentie hundred men of armes after the manner of that age beside others Euerie man had cut his speare as then they vsed at what time they should ioine in battell to the length of fiue foot and a short ax hanging at his side At the first incounter there was a sore battell and trulie the archers shot right fiercelie howbeit their shot
prouided readie with lists railed and made so substantiallie as if the same should haue indured for euer The concourse of people that came to London to sée this tried was thought to excéed that of the kings coronation so desirous men were to behold a sight so strange and vnaccustomed The king his nobles and all the people being come togither in the morning of the daie appointed to the place where the lists were set vp the knight being armed and mounted on a faire courser seemelie trapped entered first as appellant staieng till his aduersarie the defendant should come And shortlie after was the esquier called to defend his cause in this forme Thomas Katrington defendant come and appeare to saue the action for which sir Iohn Anneslie knight and appellant hath publikelie and by writing appealed thée He being thus called thrise by an herald at armes at the third call did come armed likewise and riding on a courser trapped with traps imbrodered with his armes at his approching to the lists he alighted from his horsse lest according to the law of armes the constable should haue chalenged the horsse if he had entered within the lists But his shifting nothing auailed him for the horsse after his maister was alighted beside him ran vp downe by the railes now thrusting his head ouer and now both head breast so that the earle of Buckingham bicause he was high constable of England claimed the horsse afterwards swearing that he would haue so much of him as had appeared ouer the railes and so the horsse was adiudged vnto him But now to the matter of the combat for this challenge of the horsse was made after as soone as the esquier was come within the lists the indenture was brought foorth by the marshall and constable which had béene made and sealed before them with consent of the parties in which were conteined the articles exhibited by the knight against the esquier and there the same was read before all the assemblie The esquier whose conscience was thought not to be cleare but rather guiltie and therefore seemed full of troublesome and grudging passions as an offendor alreadie conuinced thought as full well he might Multamiser timeo quia feci multa proteruè went about to make exceptions that his cause by line 10 some means might haue séemed the sounder But the duke of Lancaster hearing him so staie at the matter sware that except according to the conditions of the combat and the law of armes he would admit all things in the indentures comprised that were not made without his owne consent he should as guiltie of the treason foorthwith be had foorth to execution The duke with those words woone great commendation and auoided no small suspicion that had béene conceiued of him as parciall in the esquiers cause line 20 The esquier hearing this said that he durst fight with the knight not onelie in those points but in all other in the world whatsoeuer the same might be for he trusted more to his strength of bodie and fauour of his freends than to the cause which he had taken vpon him to defend He was in déed a mightie man of stature where the knight among those that were of a meane stature was one of the least Freends to the esquier in whom he had great affiance to be borne line 30 â—ut through their assistance were the lords Latimer and Basset with others Before they entered battell they tooke an oth as well the knight as the esquier that the cause in which they were to fight was true and that they delt with no witchcraft nor art magike whereby they might obteine the victorie of their aduersarie nor had about them any herbe or stone or other kind of experiment with which magicians vse to triumph ouer their enimies This oth receiued of either of them and therewith line 40 hauing made their praiers deuoutlie they began the battell first with speares after with swords and lastlie with daggers They fought long till finallie the knight had bereft the esquier of all his weapons and at length the esquier was manfullie ouerthrowne by the knight But as the knight would haue fallen vpon the esquier through sweat that ran downe by his helmet his sight was hindered so that thinking to fall vpon the esquier he fell downe sideling himselfe not comming néere to the esquier line 50 who perceiuing what had happened although he was almost ouercome with long fighting made to the knight and threw himselfe vpon him so that manie thought the knight should haue beene ouercome other doubted not but that the knight would recouer his feet againe and get the victorie of his aduersarie The king in the meane time caused it to be proclamed that they should staie and that the knight should be raised vp from the ground and so meant to take vp the matter betwixt them To be short such line 60 were sent as should take vp the esquier but comming to the knight he besought them that it might please the king to permit them to lie still for he thanked God he was well and mistrusted not to obteine the victorie if the esquier might be laid vpon him in manner as he was earst Finallie when it would not be so granted he was contented to be raised vp and was no sooner set on his féet but he cheerfullie went to the king without anie mans helpe where the esquier could neither stand nor go without the helpe of two men to hold him vp and therefore was set in his chaire to take his ease to see if he might recouer his strength The knight at his comming before the king besought him his nobles to grant him so much that he might be eftsoones laid on the ground as before and the esquier to be laid aloft vpon him for the knight perceiued that the esquire through excessiue heat and the weight of his armor did maruellouslie faint so as his spirits were in manner taken from him The king and the nobles perceiuing the knight so couragiouslie to demand to trie the battell foorth to the vttermost offring great summes of monie that so it might be doone decreed that they should be restored againe to the same plight in which they laie when they were raised vp but in the meane time the esquire fainting and falling downe in a swoone fell out of his chaire as one that was like to yéeld vp his last breath presentlie among them Those that stood about him cast wine and water vpon him seeking so to bring him againe but all would not serue till they had plucked off his armor his whole apparell which thing prooued the knight to be vanquisher and the esquier to be vanquished After a little time the esquier began to come to himselfe and lifting vp his eies began to hold vp his head and to cast a ghostlie looke on euerie one about him which when it was reported to the knight he commeth to him armed as
in praemissis faciendis assistentes sint consulentes auxiliantes line 40 prout decet In cuius rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium vice simo tertio die Maij anno regni nostri vndecimo A copie of the kings commission against the Lollards or Wickleuists and their followers Englished by A.F. RIchard by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland to his beloued maister Thomas Brightwell doctor in diuinitie deane of the college of the new worke of Leicester and to William Chesulden prebendarie of the prebend of the same college and to our beloued and trustie subiects Richard of Barow Chinall and Robert Langham greeting For so line 60 much as we are certeinelie informed by credible report that by the vnsound doctrine of maister Iohn Wickliffe whiles he liued of Nicholas Herford Iohn Liston and their followers many bookes libels scheduls pamphlets expresselie euidentlie and notoriouslie swarming with manifest heresies and errors to the hurt of the catholike faith the abolishment of sound doctrine are commonlie compiled published and written as well in English as in Latine and therevpon wicked opinions contrarie to sound doctrine doo spring grow and are mainteined and preached to the weakening of the right faith the ouerthrow of holie church and consequentlie which God forbid the misbeleefe of a great many the manifest danger of their soules We being moued with zeale to the catholike faith whereof we are and will be defenders in all things as we are bound vnwilling that such heresies or errors within the limits of our iurisdiction so far as we are able should grow or by any meanes spring vp doo assigne you iointlie and seuerallie all and singular the books libels scheduls pamphlets conteining such doctrine of the said Iohn Nicholas Iohn and their fellow-followers or any of their corrupt opinions wheresoeuer in whose hands possession or keeping soeuer they shal be found within the liberties or without them to search take arrest and cause to be brought before our councell with all possible speed that then and there we may take order for the same accordinglie as by the aduise of our foresaid councell we shall see requisite to be doone And also to proclaime and on our behalfe firmelie to forbid all and euerie one of whatsoeuer state degree or condition he be vnder paine of imprisonment and forfeitures which to vs he shall forfeit any of these wicked and lewd opinions to mainteine teach obstinatlie to defend priuilie or openlie or any of these bookes libels scheduls pamphlets to keepe write or cause to be written but all and euerie such booke and bookes libels scheduls and pamphlets with them had found at our commandement vnto you to deliuer or cause to be deliuered without delaie And all them whome after proclamation and inhibition you shall find dooing contrarie to the premisses and such lewd opinions mainteining to call foorth before you the said Thomas the deane William and them to examine when they shal be lawfullie conuinced therein to commit them to the next officers prisons there to be kept till they haue recanted their errors heresies and wicked opinions or till we for their deliuerance shall otherwise thinke order to be taken And therefore we command that you intend the said premisses with all diligence and effect and the same doo and execute in forme aforesaid We doo also giue in streict commandement and charge to all and euerie as well churchman churchmen as shiriffes maiors bailiffes officers and other our trustie subiects as well within the liberties as without by the tenor of these presents to assist counsell and helpe you and euerie of you in doing the premisses as it is conuenient In witnesse whereof we haue caused these our letters patents to be made Witnesse our selues at Westminster the twentie third day of Maie and the eleuenth yeare of our reigne ¶ About this time or as Henrie Knighton saith in the yeare 1392 maister William Courtenie archbishop of Canturburie brother to the earle of Denshire visited the diocesse of Lincolne and on the feast of saint Faith the virgine he visited maister Iohn Bokingham bishop of Lincolne in the cathedrall church of Lincoln◠with the chapter and an hundred of the canons and he came to Leicester abbeie in visitation the sundaie before the feast of All saints where he 〈◊〉 all the tuesdaie and on the eeue also of All saints being mondaie calling togither all the canons of the said monasterie with the chaplines of his owne chappell euerie of them hauing in their hands burning candels The same archbishop confirmed sentence of excommunication against the Lollards or Wickleuists with their fauourers which either now mainteined or caused to be mainteined or hereafter did mainteine or should mainteine the errours and opinions of master Iohn Wickliffe in the diocesse of Lincolne On the morrow next after All saints the same bishop flashed out his sentence of line 10 excommunication like lightning in open sight with a crosse set vpright with candels burning bright and with bels roong alowd and namelie against those of Leicester towne that had too too much defiled and infected the said towne and countrie The archbishop departing from thence went to saint Peters church to a certeine anchoresse named Matildis there kept as in a closet whom he reprouing about the foresaid errors and opinions of the Lollards and finding hir line 20 answers scarse aduisedlie made cited hir that she should appeare before him on the sundaie next insuing in saint Iames his abbeie at Northampton to answer vnto the foresaid erronious and prophane points Now she appeared at the day appointed and renouncing hir errours and hauing penance inioined hir she went awaie reformed But till the second day before the feast of saint Lucie she kept hir selfe out of hir closet and then entred into the same againe Other Lollards also were cited and appeared line 30 at Oxford and in other places as the archbishop had commanded them who renouncing their superstitious errours and for swearing their prophane opinions did open penance Also one William Smith was made to go about the market place at Leicester clothed in linnen or in a white sheet holding in his right arme the image of the Crucifix and in his left the image of saint Katharine bicause the said Smith had sometimes cut in peeces and burned an image of saint Katharine whereof he made a fire to line 40 boile him hearbes in his hunger In those daies there was a certeine matrone in London which had one onelie daughter whome manie daies she instructed and trained vp to celebrat the masse and she set vp an altar in hir priuie or secret chamber with all the ornaments therevnto belonging and so she made hir daughter manie daies to attire hir selfe like a priest and to come to the altar and after hir maner to celebrate the
his eldest daughter Blanch accōpanied with the earle of Summerset the bishop of Worcester the lord Clifford and others into Almanie which brought hir to Colin and there with great triumph she was married to William duke of Bauier sonne and heire to Lewes the emperour About mid of August the king to chastise the presumptuous attempts of the Welshmen went with a great power of men into Wales to pursue the capteine of the Welsh rebell Owen Glendouer but in effect he lost his labor for Owen conueied himselfe out of the waie into his knowen lurking places and as was thought through art magike he caused such foule weather of winds tempest raine snow and haile to be raised for the annoiance of the kings armie that the like had not beene heard of in such sort that the king was constreined to returne home hauing caused his people yet to spoile and burne first a great part of the countrie The same time the lord Edmund of Langlie duke of Yorke departed this life and was buried at Langlie with his brethren The Scots vnder the leding of Patrike Hepborne of the Hales the yoonger entring into England were ouerthrowen at Nesbit in the marches as in the Scotish chronicle ye may find more at large This battell was fought the two and twentith of Iune in this yeare of our Lord 1402. Archembald earle Dowglas sore displeased in his mind for this ouerthrow procured a commission to inuade England and that to his cost as ye may likewise read in the Scotish histories For at a place called Homildon they were so fiercelie assailed by the Englishmen vnder the leading of the lord Persie surnamed Henrie Hotspur and George earle of March that with violence of the English shot they were quite vanquished and put to flight on the Rood daie in haruest with a great slaughter made by the Englishmen We know that the Scotish writers note this battell to haue chanced in the yeare 1403. But we following Tho. Walsingham in this place and other English writers for the accompt of times haue thought good to place it in this yeare 1402 as in the same writers we find it There were slaine of men of estimation sir Iohn Swinton sir Adam Gordon sir Iohn Leuiston sir Alexander Ramsie of Dalehousie and three and twentie knights besides ten thousand of the commons and of prisoners among other were these Mordacke earle of Fife son to the gouernour Archembald earle Dowglas which in the fight lost one of his eies Thomas erle of Murrey Robert earle of Angus and as some writers haue the earles of Atholl Menteith with fiue hundred other of meaner degrées After this the lord Persie hauing bestowed the prisoners in suer kéeping entered Tiuidale wasting and destroieng the whole countrie and then besieged the castell of Cocklawes whereof was capteine one sir Iohn Grenlow who compounded with the Englishmen that if the castell were not succoured within three moneths then he would deliuer it into their hands The first two moneths passed and no likelihood of rescue appeared but yer the third moneth was expired the Englishmen being sent for to go with the king into Wales raised their siege and departed leauing the noble men prisoners with the earle of Northumberland and with his sonne the lord Persie to keepe them to the kings vse In this meane while such as misliked with the doctrine and ceremonies then vsed in the church ceassed not to vtter their consciences though in secret to those in whome they had affiance But as in the like cases it commonlie hapneth they were bewraied by some that were thought chieflie to fauour their cause as by sir Lewes Clifford line 10 knight who hauing leaned to the doctrine a long time did now as Thomas Walsingham writeth disclose all that he knew vnto the archbishop of Canturburie to shew himselfe as it were to haue erred rather of simplenesse and ignorance than of frowardnesse or stubborne malice The names of such as taught the articles and conclusions mainteined by those which then they called Lollards or heretikes the said sir Lewes Clifford gaue in writing to the said archbishop Edmund Mortimer earle of March prisoner line 20 with Owen Glendouer whether for irkesomnesse of cruell captiuitie or feare of death or for what other cause it is vncerteine agréed to take part with Owen against the king of England and tooke to wife the daughter of the said Owen Strange wonders happened as men reported at the natiuitie of this man for the same night he was borne all his fathers horsses in the stable were found to stand in bloud vp to the bellies The morow after line 30 the feast of saint Michaell a parlement began at Westminster which continued the space of seauen weekes in the same was a tenth and a halfe granted by the cleargie and a fiftéenth by the communaltie Moreouer the commons in this parlement besought the king to haue the person of George earle of March a Scotishman recommended to his maiestie for that the same earle shewed himselfe faithfull to the king his realme ¶ There was also a statute made that the friers beggers should not receiue any into line 40 their order year 1403 vnder the age of fourteene yeares In this fourth yeare of king Henries reigne ambassadors were sent ouer into Britaine to bring from thence the duches of Britaine the ladie Iane de Nauarre the widow of Iohn de Montford late duke of Britaine surnamed the conqueror with whom by procurators the king had contracted matrimonie In the beginning of Februarie those that were sent returned with hir in safetie but not without tasting the bitter stormes of the wind and weather that tossed line 50 them sore to and fro before they could get to land The king met hir at Winchester where the seuenth of Februarie the marriage was solemnized betwixt them Whilest these things were thus in dooing in England Ualeran earle of saint Paule bearing still a deadlie and malicious hatred toward king Henrie hauing assembled sixtéene or seuentéene hundred men of warre imbarked them at Harflew and taking the sea landed in the I le of Wight in the which line 60 he burned two villages and foure simple cotages and for a triumph of so noble an act made foure knights But when he heard that the people of the I le were assembled and approched to fight with him he hasted to his ships and returned home wherewith the noble men of his companie were displeased considering his prouision to be great and his gaine small In the same verie season Iohn earle of Cleremont sonne to the duke of Bourbon wan in Gascoigne out of the Englishmens possession the castels of saint Peter saint Marie and the New castell and the lord de la Bret wan the castell of Carlassin which was no small losse to the English nation Henrie earle of Northumberland with his brother Thomas earle
Seuerine which towne he tooke by force slue thrée hundred persons and tooke sir Thomas Rampston prisoner After this he came to the citie of Arques tooke a bulworke by force and had the towne yéelded to him by composition The capteine which was the lord of Montferrant departed with all the English crue to Burdeaux where he found the earle of Longuile the Capdau de Beufe and sir Thomas Rampston which was a little before deliuered After this the fortresses of the Rioll and Mermandie were also yéelded to the French king who notwithstanding at length was constreined for lacke of vittels which were cut off by the Englishmen that laie abroad in diuerse fortresses for the purpose to breake vp his armie to retire into France And then after his departure the Englishmen recouered againe the citie of Arques the other townes by the French king gained and tooke prisoner his lieutenant called Reginald Guilliam the Burgognion and manie other gentlemen and all the meane souldiers were either slaine or hanged While the French king was in Guien the lord Talbot tooke the towne of Couchet and after marched toward Galliardon which was besieged by the bastard of Orleance otherwise called the earle of Dunois which earle hearing of the lord Talbots approch raised his siege and saued himselfe The Frenchmen a little before this season had taken the towne of Eureux by treason of a fisher Sir Francis the Arragonois hearing of that chance apparelled six strong fellowes like men of the countrie with sacks and baskets as cariers of corne and vittels and sent them to the castell of Cornill in the which diuerse Englishmen were kept as prisoners and he with an ambush of Englishmen laie in a vallie nigh to the fortresse The six counterfet husbandmen entered the castell vnsuspected and streight came to the chamber of the capteine laieng hands on him gaue knowledge to them that laie in ambush to come to their aid The which suddenlie made foorth and entered the castell slue and tooke all the Frenchmen and set the Englishmen at libertie which thing doone they set fire in the castell and departed to Rone with their bootie and prisoners This exploit they had not atchiued peraduenture line 10 by force as happilie they mistrusted and therefore by subtiltie and deceit sought to accomplish it which meanes to vse in warre is tollerable so the same warre be lawfull though both fraud bloudshed otherwise be forbidden euen by the instinct of nature to be put in practise and vse and that dooth the poet insinuat in a proper sententious verse saieng Fraus absit vacuas caedis habete manus But now to speake somewhat of the dooings in line 20 England in the meane time Whilest the men of war were thus occupied in martiall feates and dailie skirmishes within the realme of France ye shall vnderstand that after the cardinall of Winchester and the duke of Glocester were as it séemed reconciled either to other yet the cardinall and the archbishop of Yorke ceassed not to doo manie things without the consent of the king or of the duke being during the minoritie of the king gouernor and protector of the realme whereas the duke as good cause line 30 he had greatlie offended therevpon in writing declared to the king wherein the cardinall and the archbishop had offended both his maiestie and the lawes of the realme This complaint of the duke of Glocester was conteined in foure and twentie articles which chieflie rested in that the cardinall had from time to time through his ambitious desire to surmount all others in high degrées of honor and dignitie sought to inrich himselfe to the great and notorious hinderance of the king as in defrauding him line 40 not onelie of his treasure but also in dooing and practising things greatlie preiudiciall to his affaires in France and namelie by setting at libertie the king of Scots vpon so easie conditions as the kings maiestie greatlie lost thereby as in particularities thus followeth A complaint made to king Henrie the sixt by the duke of Glocester vpon the cardinall of Winchester line 50 line 1 THese be in part the points and articles which I Humfrie duke of Glocester for my truth acquitall said late I would giue in writing my right redoubted lord vnto your highnesse aduertising your excellencie of such things in part as haue béene doone in your tender age in derogation of your noble estate and hurt of both your realmes and yet be doone and vsed line 60 dailie 2 First the cardinall then being bishop of Winchester tooke vpon him the state of cardinall which was naied and denaied him by the king of most noble memorie my lord your father whome God assoile saieng that he had as leefe set his crowne beside him as sée him weare a cardinals hat he being a cardinall For he knew full well the pride and ambition that was in his person then being but a bishop should haue so greatlie extolled him into more intollerable pride when that he were a cardinall and also he thought it against his fréedome of the chéefe church of this realme which that he worshipped as dulie as euer did prince that blessed be his soule And howbeit that my said lord your father whome God assoile would haue agreed him to haue had certeine clearks of this land cardinals and to haue no bishoprikes in England yet his intent was neuer to â—oo so great derogation to the church of Canturburie to make them that were his suffragans to sit aboue their ordinarie and metropolitan But the cause was that in generall and in all matters which might concerne the weale of him and of his realme he should haue proctors of his nation as other kings Christen had in the court of Rome and not to abide in this land nor to be in anie part of his councels as béene all the spirituall and temporall at parlements and other great councels when you list to call them And therefore though it please you to doo him that worshop to set him in your priuie councell after your pleasure yet in your parlement where euerie lord both spirituall and temporall hath his place he ought to occupie but his place as a bishop 3 Item the said bishop now being cardinall was assoiled of his bishoprike of Winchester wherevpon he sued vnto our holie father to haue a bull declaratorie notwithstanding he was assumpt to the state of cardinall that the sée was not void where in déed it stood void by a certeine time yer the said bull were granted and so he was exempt from his ordinarie by the taking on him the state of cardinall and the church bishoprike of Winchester so standing void he tooke againe of the pope you not learned thereof ne knowing whereby he was fallen into the case of prouision so that all his good was lawfullie cléerelie forfeited to you my right doubted lord with more as the statute declareth plainelie for your
and reputation After the warres foulie ended in forren parties ciuill dissention began againe at home diuided speciallie into two factions As K. Henrie descended of the house of Lancaster possessed the crowne from his grandfather king Henrie the fourth first author of that title so Richard duke of Yorke as heire to Lionell duke of Clarence third sonne to king Edward the third inforced By reason whereof the nobles as well as the common people were into parts diuided to the vtter destruction of manie a man and to the great ruine and decaie of this region for while the one partie sought to destroie the other all care of the common-wealth was set aside and iustice and equitie clearelie exiled The duke of Yorke aboue all things first sought means how to stir vp the malice of the people against the duke of Summerset imagining that he being made awaie his purpose should the sooner take effect He also practised to bring the king into the hatred of the people as that he should not be a man apt to the gouernment of a realme wanting both wit and stomach sufficient to supplie such a roome Manie of the high estates not liking the world and disalowing the dooings both of the king and his councell were faine inough of some alteration Which thing the duke well vnderstanding chiefelie sought the fauour of the two Neuils both named Richard one earle of Salisburie the other earle of Warwike the first being the father and the second the sonne This earle of Salisburie was second son to Rafe Neuill earle of Westmerland whose daughter the duke of Yorke had maried and the said Richard was espoused to ladie Alice the onelie child and sole heire of Thomas Montacute earle of Salisburie slaine at the siege of Orleance as before is declared of which woman he begat Richard Iohn and George Richard the eldest sonne espoused Anne the sister and heire of the entire bloud to lord Henrie Beauchamp earle and after duke of Warwike in whose right and title he was created and named earle of Warwike Full fraught was this noble man with good qualities right excellent and manie all which a certeine naturall grace did vnto all estates so farfoorth line 10 recommend that with high and low he was in singular fauour and good liking so as vnsought for it séemed in authoritie among them he grew able to command all alone When the duke of Yorke had fastened his chaine betwéene these two strong pillers he with his frends wrought so effectuouslie and handled his businesse so politikelie that the duke of Summerset was arested in the quéenes great chamber and sent to the Tower of London where he kept his Christmasse without line 20 great solemnitie Against whom soone after in open parlement were laid diuerse 〈◊〉 heinous articles of high treason year 1455 as well for the losse of Normandie as for the late mischance which happened in Guien The king at that time was sicke at Clarendon and conueied to London by reason whereof no finall determination procéeded in this weightie cause but all was put in suspense till the next assemblie of the high court of parlement Some doo write that whilest the king was sicke the duke of Yorke bare all the rule and gouerned as regent or viceroie by authoritie line 30 committed to him by the lords of the realme then assembled in councell he to sée to the preseruation and good gouernement of the common-wealth during the kings sicknesse which was so greeuous as it was said that he laie senselesse and was not able for a time either to go or stand The duke of Yorke hauing aforehand obteined an absolution of the pope in discharge of his oth before taken did now discouer his stomach against the duke of Summerset But when the king was amended line 40 againe and resumed to him his former gouernement either of his owne mind or by the queenes procurement the duke of Summerset was set at libertie by which doing great enuie and displeasure grew That notwithstanding the quéene which then bare the chiefe rule caused the duke of Summerset to be preferred to the capteineship of Calis wherwith not onlie the commons but also manie of the nobilitie were greatlie gréeued and offended saieng that he had lost Normandie and so would he doo Calis line 50 The duke of Yorke and his adherents perceiuing that neither exhortation nor charging him with his crimes preuailed against the duke of Summerset they meant to mend the matter by open war soone after he being in the marches of Wales accompanied with his speciall friends the earles of Salisburie and Warwike the lord Cobham and others assembled a power and in warlike maner marched toward London The king informed hereof assembled likewise a great host and meaning to méet with the line 60 duke rather in the north parts than about London where it was thought he had too manie friends he accompanied with the dukes of Summerset and Buckingham the earles of Penbroke Stafford Northumberland Deuonshire Dorset and Wilshire the lords Clifford Sudlie Berneis Roos and others being in all aboue two thousand men of warre departed from Westminster the twentith or as some haue the one and twentith of Maie and laie the first night at Wadford Of whose dooings the duke of Yorke by espials hauing still aduertisement with all his power being not past thrée thousand men as some write coasted the countrie and came to saint Albons the third daie next insuing The king there had pight his standard in a place called Goselow otherwise Sandiford in saint Peters street the lord Clifford kept the barriers of the towne to stop that the duke being assembled in Keie field should not enter the towne ¶ The duke of Yorke saith one moderne chronographer knowing the strength made against him abiding in the field aforesaid from seuen of the clocke in the morning vntill it was almost ten of the clocke without anie stroke smitten on either part by the aduise of his councell sent vnto the king vnder these words following Words in writing by the duke of Yorke to the king PLease it vnto your excellent grace Richard duke of Yorke to take him as your true liege man and humble subiect and to consider and tender at the reuerence of God and in the waie of charitie the true intent of my comming and to be good and gratious souereigne vnto me all other your true liege men which that with all their power and might will be readie to liue and die with you in your right and to doo all things as shall like your maiestie roiall to command vs if it be to the worship of the crowne of England and the welfare of this your noble realme Moreouer gratious lord please it vnto your maiestie roiall of your great goodnesse and rightwisenesse to incline your will to heare féele the rightwise part of vs your true subiects and
perilous doctrines books works and writings conteining heresies and errors contrarie to the faith catholike and determination of holie church and speciallie these heresies and errours following that is to saie in particular In primis quòd non est de necessitate fidei credere quòd dominus noster Iesus Christus post mortem descendit ad inferâ—s Item quòd non est de necessitate salutis credere in sanctorum communionem Item quòd ecclesiâ— vniuersalis potest errare in hijs quâ— sunt fidei Item quòd non est de necessitate salutis credere tenere illud quod consilium generale vniuersalis ecclesia statuit approbat seu determinat in fauorem fidei ad salutem animarum est ab vniuersis Christi fidelibus approbandum tenendum Wherefore I miserable sinner which here before long time haue walked in darkenesse and now by the mercie and infinit goodnesse of God reduced into the right waie and light of truth and considering my selfe gréeuouslie haue sinned and wickedlie haue informed and infected the people of God returne and come againe to the vnitie of our mother holie church and all heresies and errors written and conteined in my said books works and writings here solemnelie and openlie reuoke renounce Which heresies and errors and all other spices of heresies I haue before this time before the most reuerend father in God and my good lord of Canturburie in diuerse and lawfull forme iudiciallie abiured submitting my selfe being then and also now at this time verie contrite and penitent sinner to the correction of the church and of my said lord of Canturburie And ouer this exhorting requiring in the name vertue of almightie God in the saluation of your soules and mind that no man hereafter giue faith and credence to my said pernicious doctrines heresies and errors neither my said books kéepe hold or read in anie wise but that they all such books works and writings suspect of heresies deliuer in all goodlie hast vnto my said lord of Canturburie or to his commissioners and deputies in eschewing of manie inconueniences and great perils of soules the which else might be cause of the contrarie And ouer this declaration of my conuersion and repentance I here openlie assent that my said books works and writings for declaration and cause aboue rehearsed be deputed vnto the fire and openlie burnt in example and terror of all other c. After this he was depriued of his bishoprike hauing a certeine pension assigned vnto him for to liue on in an abbeie and soone after died His books were intituled 1 Of christian religion and a booke perteining therevnto 2 Of matrimonie 3 Iust expressing of holie scripture diuided into three parts 4 The donet of christian religion 5 The follower of the donet 6 The booke of faith 7 The booke filling the foure tables 8 The booke of worshipping 9 The prouoker of christian men 10 The booke of counsell In the moneth of Ianuarie died the earle of Deuonshire in the abbeie of Abindon poisoned as men said being there at that time with quéene Margaret to appease the malice betweene the yoong lords whose fathers were slaine at saint Albons and they that held with the duke of Yorke The thirtéenth of Aprill there was a great fraie in Fléetstreet betweene men of court and the inhabitants of the same stréet in which fraie the quéenes atturnie was slaine For this fact the king committed the principall gouernours of Furniuals Cliffords and Barnards In to prison in the castell of Hertford and William Tailor alderman of that ward with manie other were sent to Windsore castell the seuenth of Maie On thursdaie in Whitsunweeke the duke of Summerset with Anthonie Riuers and other foure kept iustes before the quéene in the Tower of London against three esquiers of the queenes And in like maner at Gréenewich the sundaie following King Henrie and his councell perceiuing the duke of Yorke laie still and stirred not returned to London and there called a great councell openlie declaring how the French and Scots imboldened by the ciuill discord within this realme attempted to annoie the same as of late they had shewed apparant tokens and likelie not ceasse vpon occasions to doo further displeasures till a perfect concord were concluded betwéene him and his fréends and those of the contrarie part and confederacie And to the intent line 10 that he would be the cheefe author of peace he promised of his dignitie so to interteine the duke of Yorke and his fréends that all old grudges should be not onelie inwardlie forgotten but also outwardlie forgiuen which should be cause of perpetuall loue and assured amitie This deuise was of all men iudged for the best Wherevpon diuerse graue persons were sent to the duke of Yorke and all other the great estates of the realme who since the battell of saint Albons neuer line 20 met nor communed togither commanding them for great causes to repaire to the kings court without delaie At his commandement came to London Richard duke of Yorke with foure hundred men and was lodged at Bainards castell being his owne house and after him came the earle of Salisburie with fiue hundred men and was likewise lodged at his owne house called the Herbour Then came the dukes of Excester and Summerset with eight hundred men and were lodged without Temple barre line 30 and the earle of Northumberland the lord Egremond and the lord Clifford came with fiftéene hundred men and lodged without the citie The earle of Warwike also came from Calis with six hundred men in red iackets imbrodered with white ragged slaues behind and before and was lodged at the graie friers Thus were all those of the one part lodged within the citie and those of the other without in Holborne towards Westminster and in other places of the line 40 suburbs all vpon wise consideration for that the Yorke faction and the Lancastrians could not well haue béene mingled without danger of discord After that these lords were thus come vnto London the king and the quéene shortlie followed comming thither the seuentéenth daie of March and lodged in the bishops palace Bicause no riotous attempt or bickering should be begun betwéene anie of the parties or their retinues the maior and aldermen of the citie line 50 kept great watch as well by daie as by night riding about the citie by Holborne and Fléetstréet with fiue thousand men well armed and arraied to sée good order and peace on all sides kept The lords which lodged within the citie held a dailie councell at blacke friers the other part soiourning without the walles assembled likewise in the chapiter house at Westminster At length by the diligent trauell and good exhortation of the archbishop of Canturburie and other prelats both parties were line 60 persuaded to come to communication and so did Where after long debating of grieuances on both sides they promising to forget all old rancors
they said afterward that that prophesie lost not his effect when after king Edward Glocester vsurped his kingdome Other alledged that the cause of his death was for that the duke being destitute of a wife by the meanes of his sister the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie procured to haue the ladie Marie daughter and heire to hir husband duke Charles line 60 Which marriage king Edward enuieng the prosperitie of his brother both gaine said and disturbed and thereby old malice reuiued betwixt them which the quéene and hir bloud euer mistrusting and priuilie barking at the kings Image ceassed not to increase But sure it is that although king Edward were consenting to his death yet he much did both lament his infortunate chance repent his sudden execution insomuch that when anie person sued to him for the pardon of malefactors condemned to death he would accustomablie saie openlie speake Oh infortunate brother for whose life not one would make sute Openlie and apparantlie meaning by such words that by the meanes of some of the nobilitie he was deceiued and brought to confusion This duke left behind him two yoong infants begot of the bodie of his wife the daughter of Richard late earle of Warwike which children by destinie as it were or by their owne merits following the steps of their ancestors succéeded them in like misfortune and semblable euill chance For Edward his heire whom king Edward had created earle of Warwike was thrée and twentie yeares after in the time of Henrie the seauenth atteinted of treason and on the Tower hill lost his head Margaret his sole daughter maried to sir Richard Pole knight and by Henrie the eight restored to the name title possessions of the earledome of Salisburie was at length for treason committed against the said Henrie the eight atteinted in open parlement and sixtie two yeares after hir father had suffered death in the Tower she on the greene within the same place was beheaded In whose person died the verie surname of Plantagenet which from Geffrie Plantagenet so long in the bloud roiall of this realme had florished and continued After the death of this duke by reason of great heat and distemperance of aire happened so fierce quicke a pestilence that fiftéene yeares warre past consumed not the third part of the people that onelie foure moneths miserablie and pitifullie dispatched brought to their graues So that if the number had béene kept by multiplieng of vnities out of them to haue raised a complet number it would haue mooued matter of verie great admiration But it should séeme that they were infinit if consideration be had of the comparison inferred for the more effectuall setting foorth of that cruell and ceaselesse contagion And suerlie it soundeth to reason that the pestilence should fetchawaie so manie thousands as in iudgement by proportion of fiftéene yeares warre one maie gather and manie more too For euerie man knoweth that in warres time place persons and meanes are limited time of warre begun and ended place circumscribed persons imbattelled and weapons also whereby the fight is tried so that all these haue their limitations beyond which they haue no extent But the pestilence being a generall infection of the aire an element ordeined to mainteine life though it haue a limitation in respect of the totall compasse of the world yet whole climats maie be poisoned and it were not absurd to saie that all and euerie part of the aire maie be pestilentlie corrupted and so consequentlie not limited wherefore full well it maie be said of the pestilence procuring so great a depopulation as one saith of surfetting Ense cadunt multi perimit sed crapula plures The councellors of the yoong duchesse of Burgoggnie sent to K. Edward for aid against the French king About the same time had the queene of England sent to the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie for the preferrement of hir brother Anthonie erle Riuers to the yoong damsell But the councell of Flanders considering that he was but an earle of meane estate and she the greatest inheritrice of all christendome at that time gaue but deafe eare to so vnméet a request To which desire if the Flemings had but giuen a liking eare by outward semblance and with gentle words delaied the sute she had beene both succoured and defended Whether king Edward was not contented with this refusall or that he was loth to breake with the French king he would in no wise consent to send an armie into Flanders against the French king but yet he sent ambassadours to him with louing and gentle letters requiring him to grow to some reasonable order agréement with the yoong duchesse of Burgognie or at the least to take a truce with hir at his request The ambassadours of England were highlie receiued bountifullie feasted and liberallie rewarded but answer to their desire had they none sauing that shortlie after the French king would send ambassadours hostages and pledges to the king of England their maister for the perfecting and concluding of all things depending betweene them two so that their souereigne lord they should haue cause to be contented and pleased These faire words were onelie delaies to driue time vntill he might haue space line 10 to spoile the yoong damsell of hir townes and countries And beside this to staie king Edward from taking part with hir he wrote to him that if he would ioine with him in aid he should haue and inioie to him and his heires the whole countie countrie of Flanders discharged of homage superioritie and resort to be claimed by the French king or his successors He also wrote that he should haue the whole duchie of Brabant whereof the French king offered at his line 20 owne cost and charge to conquer foure of the chiefest and strongest townes within the said duchie them in quiet possession to deliuer to the king of England granting further to paie him ten thousand angels toward his charges with munitions of warre and artillerie which he promised to lend him with men and carriage for the conueiance of the same The king of England refused to make anie warres against those countries that were thus offered to him but if the French king would make him partner line 30 of his conquests in Picardie rendering to him part of the townes alreadie gotten as Bologne Monsterell and Abuile then he would suerlie take his part and aid him with men at his owne costs and charges Thus passed faire words and golden promises betwéene these two princes and in the meane time the yoong duchesse of Burgognie was spoiled of hir townes castels territories till at length for maintenance she condescended to marrie with Maximilian line 40 sonne to the emperour Frederike that he might kéepe the woolfe from the fold King Edward in the ninetéenth yeare of his reigne began more than he was before accustomed to serch the forfeiture of penall
person qualities I will referre you to that which sir Thomas More hath written of him in that historie which he wrote and left vnfinished of his sonne Edward the fift and of his brother king Richard the third which we shall God line 40 willing hereafter make you partaker of as we find the same recorded among his other workes word for word when first we haue according to our begun order rehearsed such writers of our nation as liued in his daies As first Nicholas Kenton borne in Suffolke a Carmelit frier in Gippeswich prouinciall of his order through England Henrie Parker a Carmelit frier of Doncaster preached against the pride of prelats line 50 and for such doctrine as he set foorth was imprisoned with his fellow Thomas Holden and a certeine blacke frier also for the like cause Parker was forced to recant thrée speciall articles as Bale noteth out of Leland Iohn Harding an esquier borne in the north parts wrote a chronicle in English verse and among other speciall points therein touched he gathered all the submissions and homages had and made by the Scotish kings euen from the daies of king Athelstan whereby it euidentlie may line 60 appeare how the Scotish kingdome euen in manner from the first establishing thereof here in Britaine hath beene apperteining vnto the kings of England and holden of them as their chéefe superior lords William Iue a doctor of diuinitie and prebendarie of saint Paules in London Thomas Wilton a diuine and deane of the said church of Paules in London Iulian Bemes a gentlewoman indued with excellent gifts both of bodie and mind wrote certeine treatises of hawking and hunting delighting greatlie hir selfe in those exercises and pastimes she wrote also a booke of the lawes of armes and knowledge apperteining to heralds Iohn Stamberie borne in the west parts of this realme a Carmelit frier and confessor to king Henrie the sixt he was also maister of Eaton colledge and after was made bishop of Bangor and remooued from thence to the sée of Hereford Iohn Slueleie an Augustine frier prouinciall of his order Iohn Fortescue a iudge and chancellor of England wrote diuerse treatises concerning the law and politike gouernement Rochus a Chaterhouse moonke borne in London of honest parents and studied in the vniuersitie of Paris he wrote diuerse epigrams Iohn Phreas borne also in London was fellow of Balioll colledge in Oxenford and after went into Italie where he heard Guarinus that excellent philosopher read in Ferrara he prooued an excellent physician and a skilfull lawier there was not in Italie whilest he remained there that passed him in eloquence knowledge of both the toongs Gréeke and Latine Walter Hunt a Carmelit frier a great diuine and for his excellencie in learning sent from the whole bodie of this realme vnto the generall councell holden first at Ferrara and after at Florence by pope Eugenius the fourth where he disputed among other with the Gréekes in defense of the order and ceremonies of the Latine church Thomas Wighenhall a moonke of the order called Premonstratensis in the abbie of Durham in Norffolke Iohn Gunthorpe went into Italie where he heard that eloquent learned man Guarinus read in Ferrara after his comming home into England he was deane of Welles and kéeper of the priuie seale Iohn Hambois an excellent musician and for his notable cunning therein made doctor of musicke William Caxton wrote a chronicle called Fructus temporum and an appendix vnto Treuisa beside diuerse other bookes and translations Iohn Miluerton a Carmelit frier of Bristow and prouinciall of his order through England Ireland and Scotland at length bicause he defended such of his order as preached against endowments of the church with temporall possessions he was brought into trouble committed to prison in castell S. Angelo in Rome where he continued thrée yeares and at length was deliuered thorough certeine of the cardinals that were appointed his iudges Dauid Morgan a Welsh man treasuror of the church of Landaffe wrote of the antiquities of Wales a description of the countrie Iohn Tiptoff a noble man borne a great traueller excellentlie learned and wrote diuerse treatises and finallie lost his head in the yeare 1471 in time of the ciuill warre betwixt the houses of Yorke and Lancaster Iohn Shirwood bishop of Durham Thomas Kent an excellent philosopher Robert Huggon borne in Norffolke in a towne called Hardingham wrote certeine vaine prophesies Iohn Maxfield a learned physician William Gréene a Carmelit frier Thomas Norton borne in Bristow an alcumist Iohn Meare a moonke of Norwich Richard Porland borne in Norffolke a Franciscane frier and a doctor of diuinitie Thomas Milling a moonke of Westminster a doctor of diuinitie and preferred to the bishoprike of Hereford Scogan a learned gentleman and student for a time in Oxford of a plesant wit and bent to merrie deuises in respect whereof he was called into the court where giuing himselfe to his naturall inclination of mirth pleasant pastime he plaied manie sporting parts although not in such vnciuill maner as hath beene of him reported Thus farre the prosperous reigne of Edward the fourth sonne and heire to Richard duke of Yorke The historie of king Edward the fift and king Richard the third vnfinished written by maister Thomas More then one of the vnder shiriffes of London about the yeare of our Lord 1513 according to a copie of his owne hand printed among his other workes KIng Edward the fourth of that name after that he had liued fiftie three yeeres year 1483 seuen moneths and six daies and thereof reigned two and twentie yeares one moneth eight daies died at Westminster the ninth daie of Aprill the yeare of our redemption a thousand foure hundred fourescore and thrée leauing much faire issue that is to wit Edward the prince a thirtéene line 10 yeares of age Richard duke of Yorke two yeares yoonger Elizabeth whose fortune and grace was after to be quéene wife vnto king Henrie the seuenth and mother vnto the eight Cicilie not so fortunate as faire Briget which representing the vertue of hir whose name she bare professed and obserued a religious life in Dertford an house of close nunnes Anne that was after honorablie married vnto Thomas then lord Howard and after earle of Surrie and Katharine which long time tossed in either fortune sometime in wealth oft in aduersitie at the line 20 last if this be the last for yet she liueth is by the benignitie of hir nephue king Henrie the eight in verie prosperous estate and worthie hir birth and vertue This noble prince deceassed at his palace of Westminster and with great funerall honor and heauines of his people from thence conueied was interred at Windsor A king of such gouernance behauior in time of peace for in warre each part must néeds be others enimie that there was neuer anie prince of line 30 this land atteining the crowne by battell so heartilie beloued with the
within the said palace and sometime without vpon the greene before the gate of the said palace In which iustes sir Iames Parker knight running against a gentleman named Hugh Uanghan by casualtie was so sore hurt and brused that he died thereof This yeare also two pardoners were set on the pillorie in Cornehill thrée market daies for forging of false pardons wherewith they had deceiued the people got much monie And for that one of them had feined himselfe to be a priest hee was sent to Newgate where he died the other was line 40 driuen out of London with shame enough ¶ Also this yere was Robert Fabian shiriffe of London alderman who made a chronicle of England of France beginning at the creation of the world and ending in the third yeare of the reigne of king Henrie the eight which booke is now imprinted to the end of Richard the third Maximilian king of Romans intending to be reuenged on the Frenchmen for the manie iniuries line 50 doone to him of late and especiallie for that king Charles had forsaken his daughter ladie Margaret and purposed to take to wife the ladie Anne of Britaine bicause he was not rich enough to mainteine the warre of himselfe he sent his ambassadour one Iames Contibald a man of great wisedome to require the king of England to take his part against the French king making diuers great offers on his owne behalfe if it should please him so to doo King Henrie no lesse desirous than Maximilian to put the French king to trouble and chieflie to aid the line 60 Britains in the extremitie of their businesse gladlie consented to the request of Maximilian and promised to prepare an armie with all speed and in time conuenient to passe the seas with the same and inuade the French territories In this verie season Charles the French king receiued the ladie Anne of Britaine as his pupill into his hands and with great solemnitie hir espoused hauing with hir in dower the whole duchie of Britaine Now was Maximilian in great chase toward the French king not onelie for that he had refused his daughter but also had béereued him of his assured wife the said ladie Anne contrarie to all right and conscience Wherefore he sent vnto king Henrie desiring him with all speed to passe the seas with his armie that they might pursue the warre against their aduersarie with fire sword and bloud King Henrie hearing this and hauing no mistrust in the promise of Maximilian with all speed leuied an armie and rigged his nauie of ships And when all things were readie he sent his almonâ—r Christopher Urswike and sir Iohn Riseleie knight vnto Maximilian to certifie him that the king was in a readinesse and would arriue at Calis as soone as he should be aduertised that Maximilian and his men were readie to ioine with him These ambassadors comming into Flanders perceiued that Maximilian was neither purueâ—ed of men monie nor armor nor of any other thing necessarie for the setting foorth of warre sauing onlie that his will was good although his power was small King Henrie being aduertised hereof by letters sent to him from his said ambassadors was sore disquieted in his mind and was almost brought to his wits end to consider how his companions in arms should thus faile him at néed but taking aduise of his counsell at length he determined not to stay his prepensed iournie and therfore he so increased his numbers before he tooke ship that he with his owne power might be able to match with his aduersaries When he had thus gathered and assembled his armie hée sailed to Calis the sixt day of October and there incamped himselfe for a space to see all his men and prouision in such readinesse as nothing should be wanting In this place all the armie had knowledge by the ambassadours which were newlie returned out of Flanders that Maximilian could not set foorth anie armie for lacke of monie and therefore there was no succour to be looked for at his hand But the Englishmen were nothing dismaid therewith as they that iudged themselues able enough to match the Frenchmen without the helpe of anie other nation In the meane season although the French king had an armie togither both for number and furniture able to trie in battell with the Englishmen yet he made semblance as though he desired nothing more than peace as the thing much more profitable to him than warre considering the minds of the Britains were not yet wholie setled And againe he was called into Italie to make warre against the king of Naples whose kingdome he pretended to apperteine to him by lawfull succession from his father king Lewes to whome Reine duke of Aniou last king of Sicill of the house of Aniou had transferred his right to that kingdome as partlie before ye haue heard wrongfullie and without cause disinheriting his coosine godsonne and heire Reine duke of Lorraine and Bar. The lord Chordes hauing commission from his maister the French king to make some entrie into a treatie for peace with the king of England wrote letters to him before he passed ouer to Calis signifieng to him that if it might stand with his pleasure to send some of his councellors to the borders of the English pale adioining to France there should be so reasonable conditions of peace proffered that he douted not but his grace might with great honour breake vp his campe and retire his armie home againe The king of England considering that Britaine was cléerelie lost and past recouerie and that Maximilian for lacke of monie and mistrust which he had in his owne subiects laie still like a dormouse dooing nothing and herewith weieng that it should be honorable to him and profitable to his people to determine this great warre without bloudished appointed the bishop of Excester and Giles lord Daubenie to passe the seas to Calis and so to commun with the lord Chordes of articles of peace which tooke effect as after ye shall perceiue In the meane time whilest the commissioners were communing of peace on the marches of France the king of England as ye haue heard was arriued at Calis from whense after all things were prepared for such a iournie he remooued in foure battels forward till he came néere to the towne of Bullogne there pitched his tents before it in a conuenient place for his purpose meaning line 10 to assaile the towne with his whole force puissance But there was such a strong garison of warlike souldiers within that fortresse and such plentie of artillerie and necessarie munitions of warre that the losse of Englishmen assaulting the towne as was doubted should be greater damage to the realme of England than the gaining thereof should be profit Howbeit the dailie shot of the kings battering peeces brake the wals and sore defaced them But when line 20 euerie man was readie to giue
light persons said that Thomas Crumwell which was newlie come to the fauour of the king had disclosed the secrets of the commons which thing caused the king to be so extreame The king like a good prince considered how sorowfull his commons were of the answer that he made them and thought that they were not quiet wherefore of his owne motion he caused a pardon of the premunire to be drawne and signed it with his hand and sent it to the common house by Christopher Hales his atturneie which bill was soone assented to Then the commons louinglie thanked the king and much praised his wit that he had denied it to them when they vnworthâ—lie demanded it and had bountifullie granted it when he perceiued that they sorrowed and lamented While the parlement sat on the thirtith daie of March at afternoone there came into the common house the lord chancellor and diuerse lords of the spiritualtie and â—emporaltie to the number of twelue and there the lord chancellor said You of this worshipfull house I am sure be not so ignorant but you know well that the king our souereigne lord hath married his brothers wife for she was both wedded and bedded with his brother prince Arthur and therefore you may suerlie saie that he hath married his brothers wife â—f this marriage be good or no manie clerkes doo doubt Wherefore the king like a vertuous prince willing to be satisfied in his conscience also for the suertie of his realme hath with great deliberation consulted with profound clerkes hath sent my lord of London here present to the chiefe vniuersities of all christendome to know their opinion and iudgement in that behalfe And although that the vniuersities of Cambridge and Oxford had béene sufficient to discusse the cause yet bicause they be in his realme and to auoid all suspicion of parcialitie he hath sent into the realme of France Italie the popes dominions and Uenecians to know their iudgement in that behalfe which haue concluded written and sealed their determinations according as you shall heare read Then sir Brian Tuke tooke out of a box certeine writings sealed and read them word by word as after insueth translated out of Latine into the English toong Determinations of diuerse vniuersities touching the vnlawfulnesse of the kings marriage and first the determination of the vniuersitie of Orleance NOt long since there were put foorth to vs the college of doctors regents of the vniuersitie of Orleance these two questions that follow The first whether it be lawfull by the law of God for the brother to take to wife that woman whom his brother hath left The second if this be forbidden by the law of God whether this prohibition of the law of God may be remitted by the pope his dispensation We the foresaid college of doctors regents according to our custome and vsage came manie times togither and did sit diuerse times vpon the discussing of these foresaid doubts and questions and did examine and weigh as much as we might diuerse and manie places both of the old testament and the new and also the interpretors and declarers both of the law of God and the canon law After we had weighed considered all things exactlie with good leisure and deliberation we haue all determined and concluded that these foresaid mariages cannot be attempted nor enterprised except a man doo wroong and plaine contrarie to the law of God yea and that although it be doone by pardon and sufferance of the pope And in witnesse of this conclusion and determination we haue caused this present publike writing to be signed by the scribe of our said vniuersitie and to be strengthened fortified with the seale of the same Enacted in the chapell of our ladie the annuntiation or the good tidings that she had of Christes comming in Orleance the yeare of our Lord 1529 the 5. daie of Aprill The determination of the facultie of decrees of the vniuersitie of Paris IN the name of the Lord so be it There was put foorth before vs the deane and college of the right councelfull facultie of decrées of the vniuersitie of Paris this question Whether that the pope might dispense that the brother might marrie the wife that his brother hath left if mariage betweene his brother now dead and his wife were once consummate line 20 We the deane and college of the said facultie after manie disputations and reasons made of both sides vpon this matter and after great and long turning and searching of bookes both of the law of God and the popes law and of the law ciuill we counsell and saie that the pope hath no power to dispense in this foresaid case In witnesse whereof we haue caused this present writing to be strengthened with the seale of our facultie and with the signe of our scribe or chiefe bedle Yeuen in the congregation or assemble at saint Iohn Laterenense in Paris the second line 30 daie of Maie 1530. The determination of ciuilians and canonists of the vniuersitie of Aniou NOt long time since there were proposed vnto vs the rector and doctors regents in law canon and ciuill of the vniuersitie of Aniou these two questions line 40 here following that is to wit Whether it is vnlawfull by the law of God the law of nature for a man to marrie the wife of his brother that is departed without children so that the marriage was consummate And againe whether it is lawfull for the pope to dispense with such marriage We the aforesaid rector and doctors haue according to our custome and vsage manie times communed togither and sitten to dispute these questions and to find out the certeintie of them And after that we had discussed and examined line 50 manie and diuerse places aswell of the law of God as of the law of man which séemed to perteine to the same purpose and after we had brought reasons for both parties and examined them all things faithfullie and after good conscience considered and vpon sufficient deliberation and aduisement taken we define and determine that neither by the law of God nor of nature it is permitted for any christian man no not euen with the authoritie of the sée apostolike or with anie dispensation granted line 60 by the pope to marrie the wife that his brother hath left although his brother be departed without children after that the marriage is once finished and consummate And for witnes of the aforsaid things we haue commanded the scribe of our said vniuersitie to signe this present publike instrument and it to be fortified with the great seale of our vniuersitie Enacted in the church of saint Peter in Aniou the yeare of our Lord 1530 the 7 daie of Maie The determination of the facultie of diuinitie in the vniuersitie of Paris THe deane and the facultie of the holie diuinitie of the vniuersitie of Paris to all them to whom this present writing shall come wisheth
were persuaded than vanquished taught than ouerthrowne quietlie pacified than rigorouslie persecuted Ye require to haue the statute of six articles reuiued And know you what ye require Or know ye what ease ye haue with the losse of them They were lawes made but quicklie repented too bloudie they were to be borne of our people yet at the first in deed made of some necessitie Oh subiects how are ye trapped by euill persons We of pitie bicause they were bloudie tooke them awaie and you now of ignorance will aske them againe You know full well that they helped vs to extend rigour and gaue vs cause to draw our sword verie often And since our mercie mooued vs to write our lawes with milke and equitie how are ye blinded to aske them in bloud But leauing this maner of reasoning and resorting to the truth of our authoritie we let you wit the same hath béene adnulled by parlement with great reioise of our subiects and not now to be called in question And dareth anie of you with the name of a subiect stand against an act of parlement a law of the realme What is our power if lawes should be thus neglected Or what is your suertie if lawes be not kept Assure you most suerlie that we of no earthlie thing vnder the heauen make such reputation as we doo of this one to haue our lawes obeied this cause of God to be throughlie mainteined from the which we will neuer remoue a heares bredth nor giue place to anie creature liuing but therein will spend our whole roiall person our crowne treasure realme and all our state whereof we assure you of our high honor For herein resteth our honor herein doo all kings knowledge vs a king And shall anie one of you dare breath or thinke against our kingdome and crowne In the end of this your request as we be giuen to vnderstand ye would haue them stand in force till our full age To this we thinke that if ye knew what ye spake ye would not haue vttred the motion nor neuer giuen breath to such a thought For what thinke you of our kingdome Be we of lesse authoritie for our age Be we not your king now as we shall be Shall ye be subiects hereafter and now are ye not Haue we not the right we shall haue If ye would suspend and hang our dooings in doubt vntill our full age ye must first know as a king we haue no difference of yeares but as a naturall man and creature of God we haue youth and by his sufferance shall haue age We are your rightfull king your liege lord the souereigne prince of England not by our age but by Gods ordinance not onelie when we shall be one and twentie yeares of age but when we were of ten yéers We possesse our crowne not by yeares but by the bloud and descent from our father king Henrie the eight If it be considered they which mooue this matter if they durst vtter themselues would denie our kingdome But our good subiects know their prince and will increase not diminish his honor inlarge his power not abate it knowledge his kingdome not deferre it to certeine yeares All is one to speake against our crowne and to denie our kingdome as to require that our lawes maie be broken vnto one and twentie yeares Be we not your crowned annointed and established king Wherein be we of lesse maiestie of lesse authoritie or lesse state than our progenitors kings of this realme except your vnkindnes your vnnaturalnesse will diminish our estimation We haue hitherto since the death of our father by the good aduise and counsell of our deare and intirelie beloued vncle the duke of Summerset and gouernor and protector kept our estate mainteined our realme preserued our honour defended our people from all enimies We haue hitherto béene feared and dread of our enimies yea of princes kings and nations Yea herein we be nothing inferiour to anie our progenitors which grace we acknowledge to be giuen vs from God and how else but by good obedience line 10 good counsell of our magistrates and by the authoritie of our kingdome England hitherto hath gained honour during our reigne it hath woone of the enimie and not lost It hath béene maruelled that wée of so yoong yeares haue reigned so noblie so roiallie so quietlie And how chanceth that you our louing subiects of that our countrie of Cornewall and Deuonshire will giue occasion to slander this our realme of England to giue courage to the enimie to note our realme of line 20 the euill of rebellion to make it a preie to our old enimies to diminish our honour which God hath giuen our father left our good vncle and councell preserued vnto vs What greater euill could ye commit than euen now when our forren enimie in Scotland and vpon the sea seeketh to inuade vs to doo our realme dishonour than to arise in this maner against our law to prouoke our wrath to aske our vengeance and to giue vs an occasion to spend that force vâ—on you which we meant to bestow vpon our enimies to line 30 begin to slaie you with that sword that we drew forth against Scots and other enimies to make a conquest of our owne people which otherwise should haue beene of the whole realme of Scotland Thus farre we haue descended from our high maiestie for loue to consider you in your simple ignorance and haue béene content to send you an instruction like a father who of iustice might haue sent you your destructions like a king to rebels And now we let you know that as you sée our mercie abundantlie line 40 so if ye prouoke vs further we sweare to you by the liuing God ye shall féele the power of the same God in our sword which how mightie it is no subiect knoweth how puissant it is no priuat man can iudge how mortall no Englishman dare thinke But suerlie suerlie as your lord and prince your onlie king and maister we saie to you repent your selues and take our mercie without delaie or else we will foorthwith extend our princelie power and execute our sharpe sword against you as against infidels line 50 and Turks and rather aduenture our owne roiall person state and power than the same should not be executed And if you will proue the example of our mercie learne of certeine which latlie did arise as they perceiuing pretended some griefes and yet acknowledging their offenses haue not onelie most humblie their pardon but féele also by our order to whome onelie all publike order apperteineth present redresse of their griefes In the end we admonish you of line 60 your duties to God whome ye shall answere in the daie of the Lord of your duties toward vs whom ye shall answere by our order and take our mercie whilest God so inclineth vs least when ye shall be constreined to aske we shall be two much hardened in heart to grant it
There was therfore by order of the councell a wise gentleman learned named George Ferrers appointed to that office for this yeare who being of better credit estimation than coÌ„monlie his predecessors had beene before receiued all his commissions and warrants by the name of the maister of the kings pastimes Which gentleman so well supplied his office both in shew of sundrie sights and deuises of rare inuentions and in act of diuerse interludes and matters of pastime plaied by persons as not onelie satisfied the common â—ort but also were verie well liked and allowed by the councell and other of skill in the like pastimes but best of all by the yoong king himselfe as appéered by his princelie liberalitie in rewarding that seruice ¶ On mondaie the fourth of Ianuarie the said lord of merie disports came by water to London and landed at the tower wharffe entred the tower and then rode through tower street where he was receiued by Uause lord of misrule to Iohn Mainard one of the shiriffes of London and so conducted through the citie with a great companie of yoong lords gentlemen to the house of sir George Barne lord maior where he with the chéefe of his companie dined and after had a great banket and at his departure the lord maior gaue him a standing cup with a couer of siluer and guilt of the value of ten pounds for a reward and also set a hogshed of wine and a barrell of beere at his gate for his traine that followed him The residue of his gentlemen seruants dined at other aldermens houses and with the shiriffes and then departed to the tower wharffe againe so to the court by water to the great commendation of the maior and aldermen and highlie accepted of the king and councell This Christmas being thus passed and spent with much mirth and pastime year 1552 wherewith the minds and eares of murmurers were méetlie well appeased according to a former determination as the sequele shewed it was thought now good to procéed to the execution of the iudgement giuen against the duke of Summerset touching his conuiction atteindor of the fellonie before mentioned Wherevpon the two and twentith daie of Ianuarie then next following being fridaie he was brought out of the tower and according to the manner deliuered to the shiriffes of London and so with a great companie of the gard others with weapons was brought to the scaffold where he should suffer without changing either voice or countenance other than he was accustomed to vse at other times The same morning earelie the conestables of euerie ward in London according to a precept directed from the councell to the maior strictlie charged euerie houshold of the same citie not to depart anie of them out of their houses before ten of the clocke of that daie meaning thereby to restreine the great number of people that otherwise were like to haue béen at the said execution Notwithstanding by seauen of the clocke the tower hill was couered with a great multitude repairing from all parts of the citie as well as out of the suburbs And before eight of the clocke the duke was brought to the scaffold inclosed with the kings gard the shiriffes officers the warders of the tower other with halberds where as he nothing changing neither voice or countenance but in a maner with the same gesture which he commonlie vsed at home knéeling downe vpon both his knees and lifting vp his hands commended himselfe vnto God After he had ended a few short praiers standing vp againe and turning himselfe toward the east side of the scaffold nothing at all abashed as it séemed vnto those that stood by neither with the sight of the ax neither yet of the hangman nor of present death but with the like alacriâ—ie and chéerefulnesse of mind and countenance as before times he was accustomed to heare the causes supplications of other speciallie of the poore towards whome as it were with a certeine fatherlie loue to his children he alwaies shewed himselfe most attentiue he vttered these words to the people The words of the duke of Summerset at his death DEerelie beloued friends I am line 10 brought hither to suffer death albeit I neuer offended against the king neither by word nor deed and haue beene alwaies as faithfull and true vnto this realme as anie man hath beene But forsomuch as I am by law condemned to die I doo acknowledge my selfe as well as others to be subiect therevnto Wherefore to testifie mine obedience line 20 which I owe vnto the lawes I am come hither to suffer death wherevnto I willinglie offer my selfe with most hartie thanks vnto God that hath giuen me this time of repentance who might thorough sudden death haue taken awaie my life that I neither should haue acknowledged him nor my selfe Moreouer deerelie beloued friends there is yet somewhat that I must put line 30 you in mind of as touching christian religion which so long as I was in authoritie I alwaies diligentlie set foorth and furthered to my power Neither doo I repent me of my dooings but reioise therein sith now the state of christian religion commeth most neere vnto the forme and order of the primitiue church Which thing I esteeme as a great benefit giuen of God line 40 both to you and me most hartilie exhorting you all that this which is most purelie set foorth vnto you you will with like thankefulnesse accept and embrace and set out the same in your liuing which thing if you doo not without doubt greater mischiefe and calamitie will follow When he had spoken these words suddenlie there line 50 was a great noise heard wherevpon the people were streight driuen into a great feare few or none knowing the cause Wherefore I thinke it good to write what I saw saith Iohn Stow concerning that matter The people of a certeine hamlet which were warned to be there by seauen of the clocke to giue their attendance on the lieutenant now came thorough the posterne and perceiuing the duke to be alreadie on the scaffold the foremost began to run crieng to their fellowes to follow fast after Which suddennes line 60 of these men being weaponed with bils and halberds this running caused the people which first saw them to thinke some power had come to haue rescued the duke from execution and therefore cried Awaie awaie Wherevpon the people ran some one waie some an other manie fell into the tower ditch and they which tarried thought some pardon had beene brought some said it thundered some that the ground mooued but there was no such matter ¶ This amazement of the people is in other words recorded by Iohn Fox in the storie of this dukes troubles death which bicause they be effectuall I thinke good to interlace When the duke had ended his speech saith he suddenlie there was a terrible noise heard whervpon there came a
strangers Which brutish beastlie opinion then seemed to me reason and wrought in me such effects that it led me headlong into the practise of this detestable crime of treason But now being better persuaded and vnderstanding the great commoditie honor which the realme should receiue by this marriage I stand firme and fast in this opinion that if it should please the queene to be mercifull vnto me there is no subiect in this land that should more trulie and faithfullie serue hir highnes than I shall nor no sooner die at hir graces féet in defense of hir quarrell I serued hir highnesse against the duke of Northumberland as my lord of Arundell can witnesse My grandfather serued most truelie hir graces grandfather and for his sake was set vpon the racke in the tower My father also serued king Henrie the eight to his good contentation and I also serued him and king Edward his son And in witnesse of my bloud spent in his seruice I carrie a name I alledge not all this to set foorth my seruice by waie of merit which I confesse but dutie but to declare to the whole world that by abusing my wits in pursuing my misaduised opinion I haue not onelie ouerthrowne my house and defaced all the well dooings of me and my ancestors if euer there were anie but also haue béene the cause of mine owne death and destruction Neither doo I alledge this to iustifie my selfe in anie point neither for an excuse of mine offense but most humblie submit my selfe to the queenes maiesties mercie and pitie desiring you my lord of Sussex and you maister Hastings with all the rest of this honorable bench to be meanes to the quéenes highnesse for hir mercie which is the greatest treasure that maie be giuen to anie prince from God such a vertue as God hath appropriate to himselfe Which if hir highnesse vouchsafe to extend vnto me she shall bestow it on him who shall be most glad to serue truelie and not refuse to die in hir quarrell For I protest before the iudge of all iudges I neuer meant hurt against hir highnesse person Then said the quéenes attorneie Maister Wiat you haue great cause to be sorie and repent for your fault whereby you haue not onelie vndoone your selfe and your house but also a number of other gentlemen who being true men might haue serued their prince and countrie yet if you had gone no further it might haue beene borne withall the better But being not so contented to staie your selfe you haue so procured the duke of Suffolke a man soone trained to your purpose and his two brethren also by meanes whereof without the quéenes greater mercie you haue ouerthrowne that noble house And yet not so staied your attempt hath reached as far as in you laie to the second person of the realme in whom next to the quéenes highnesse resteth all our hope and comfort wherby hir honor is brought in question and what danger will folow and to what end it will come God knoweth of all this you are the author Wiat answered As I will not in anie thing iustifie my selfe so I beseech you I being in this wretched estate not to ouercharge me nor to make me séeme to be that I am not I am loth to touch anie person by name but that I haue written I haue written Then said the iudge Maister Wiat maister attornie hath well mooued you to repent your offenses and we for our parts with you the same Then said sir Edward Hastings maister of the quéens horsse Maister Wiat doo ye remember when I and maister Cornwallis were sent vnto you from the quéenes highnesse to demand the cause of your enterprise and what you required Were not these your demands that the quéenes grace should go to the tower and there remaine and you to haue the rule of the tower and hir person with the treasure in kéeping and such of hir councell as you would require to be deliuered into your hands saieng that you would be trusted and not trust Which words when Wiat had confessed then said the quéenes solicitor Your presumption was ouer great your attempt in this case hath purchased you perpetuall infamie and shall be called Wiats rebellion as Wat Tilers was called Wat Tilers rebellion Then said the attorneie Maister Wiat were you not priuie to a deuise whereby the quéene should haue béene murthered in a place where she should walke I doo not burthen you to confesse this for thus much I must saie on your behalfe that you misliked that deuise That deuise said Wiat was the deuise of William Thomas whome euer after I abhorred for line 10 that cause Then was a letter shewed which Wiat being in Southworke had written to the duke of Suffolke that he should méet him at Kingstone bridge and from thense to accompanie him to London although he came with the fewer number Wiat at the first did not séeme to remember anie such letter but when it was shewed him he confessed his hand Then was it demanded of him among other things whie he refused the queenes pardon when it was offered line 20 him My lords quoth he I confesse my fault and offense to be most vile and heinous for the which first I aske God mercie without the which I cannot chalenge anie thing such is my offense alreadie committed And therefore I beséech you to trouble me with no more questions for I haue deliuered all things vnto hir grace in writing And finallie here I must confesse that of all the voiages wherein I haue serued this was the most desperat and painfull iorneie that euer I made And where you asked whie I receiued not the quéenes pardon when it was offered line 30 vnto me Oh vnhappie man What shall I saie When I was entred into this diuellish desperat aduenture there was no waie but wade through with that I had taken in hand for I had thought that other had béene as farre forward as my selfe which I found farre otherwise So that being bent to keepe promise with all my confederats none kept promise with me for I like a moile went through thicke and thin with this determination that if I should come line 40 to anie treatie I should séeme to bewraie all my friends But whereto should I spend anie more words I yéeld my selfe wholie vnto the quéenes mercie knowing well that it is onelie in hir power to make me as I haue deserued an open example to the world with Wat Tiler or else to make me participant of that pitie which she hath extended in as great crimes as mine most humblie beséeching you all to be means for me to hir highnesse for mercie which is line 50 my last and onelie refuge The will of God be doone on me Upon this confession without further triall he receiued the iudgement accustomed in cases of treason which was to be hanged drawne and quartered And the
in hast came one from monsieur Destrees that stood at the rampire aduising him to send his souldiors to the wals otherwise that the Swisses line 40 would assuredlie enter So constreined his lordship promised them to compound and so he got them to the wals Then my lord going to councell at length agreed vpon these conditions First that the castell with all the furniture therin as well vittels as great artillerie powder and all other munitions of warre should be wholie rendred without wasting hiding or minishment thereof Secondarilie that the lord Greie with all the capteins officers and others hauing charge there should remaine prisoners at the line 50 dukes pleasure to be ransomed after the maner of warre Thirdlie that all the rest as well souldiors as others should depart with their armors and baggage to what parties it séemed them best neuerthelesse to passe without sound of drum or trumpet or ensigne and to leaue them behind These articles sent by monsieur Destrees to the duke were accepted so in the after noone the duke himselfe came receiued the keies of my lord Greie who presentlie went out and was giuen to the marshall Strozzie line 60 and from him sold to monsieur de Randan by whom he came into his brother the counte de Rochefoucalt his hands and there rested till he was redéemed for foure and twentie thousand crownes The daie following that is saie the two and twentith of Ianuarie all the souldiors of the said fortresse of Guisnes as well English as strangers with all the rest of the inhabitants and other excepted the lord Greie himselfe maister Arthur Greie his son sir Henrie Palmer knight Montdragon capteine of the Spaniards and other men of charge reserued by the composition departed with their bag and baggage from thense towards Flanders At whose issuing foorth there were estéemed to the number of eight or nine hundred able men for the warre part English part Burgognians Of Spaniards so few were left as no account is to be made of them in maner the whole number of them being slaine and selling their liues right déerelie according to the order of good hardie souldiors Thus endeth this siege wherein for breuities sake we haue left to saie anie thing of the prouisions that the lord Greie made against the same of the aduertisements that from time to time he sent to king Philip and quéene Marie and of their answers of the sundrie aduentures which they of Guisnes had with the enimie during their being about Calis and of the great and manie booties that were there taken Onelie in a word or two will I ad what bands of strangers were within the péece because thereof as in an other thing or two I doo find maister Grafton in his chronicle speake at rouers First came in Montdragon with two Spaniards more verie valiant men whome did follow within a daie or two about foure or fiue and thirtie other Spaniards all shot of which as I haue heard there went not fiue out of the castell There came one capteine Desquie a Burgognian with two hundred souldiors pikes most This band was appointed to the Marie bulworke whose capteine being full of the gout and an impotent man would not yet be from his charge but in his bed ended his life in the bulworke And so of this enough But now after the winning of this towne and castell the duke aduising well vpon the place and considering that if it should happen to be regained by Englishmen what a noisome neighbor the same might be to Calis now being French and speciallie what impeachment should come thereby for the passage thither from France considering also the neere standing thereof to the French kings fortresse of Ard so that to keepe two garrisons so nigh togither should be but a double charge and not onlie néedlesse but also dangerous for the cause afore rehearsed Upon these considerations as the Frenchmen write he tooke order for all the great artillerie vittels and other munition to be taken foorth and the castell with all the bulworkes and other fortifications there with all spéed to be razed and throwne downe and the stuffe to be caried awaie and emploied in other more necessarie places Then rested nothing within all the English pale on that side vnconquered but the little castell or pile called Hammes which though it were but of small force made by art and industrie of mans hand and being altogither of old workemanship without rampiers or bulworks yet neuerthelesse by the naturall situation thereof being on all sides inuironed with fens and marish grounds it could not easilie be approched vnto either with great ordinance for the batterie or else with anie armie to incampe there for a siege but hauing one streict passage thereto by a narrow causeie trauersed and cut through in diuerse places with déepe ditches alwaies full of water Which thing being well foreséene by Edward lord Dudleie then capteine there hauing as good cause to suspect a siege there as his neighbors had afore the Frenchmens comming to Guisnes caused all the bridges of the said causeie being of wood to be broken to giue thereby the more impeachment to the French if they should attempt to approch the same as shortlie after they did and kept diuerse of the passages But to deliuer the duke and his souldiors from that care there came to him glad newes from those that had charge to watch the said causeie how the capteine hauing intelligence of the rendering of Guisnes secretlie the same night had conueied himselfe with his small garrison by a secret passage ouer the marish into Flanders Wherby the duke being now past care of anie further siege to be laid in all the frontier tooke order foorthwith to seize the said little fort into his own hands as it was easie to doo when there was no resistance When this peece was once seized by the French then remained there non◠other place of defense nor strength of the English on all that side the sea for the safegard of the rest of the countrie Whereby the French king became line 10 wholie and throughlie lord maister of all the English pale for now as ye haue heard there was neither towne castell or other fortresse more or lesse on that side sauing Boots bulworke neere to Graueling which after king Philip kept as his but that it was either taken awaie by force or else abandoned and left open to the enimie And as the Frenchmen write besides the great riches of gold and siluer coine iewels plate wools and other merchandize which was inestimable there were found thrée line 20 hundred peeces of brasse mounted on whéeles and as manie of iron with such furniture of powder pellets armour vittels and other munitions of war scarselie credible Thus haue you heard the whole discourse of the conquest of the noble towne of Calis with all the English fortresses and countrie adioining made
weather and heauinesse could not speake to them nor they to him for teares At length recouering themselues they saluted one another so togither entered the house God knoweth full ioifullie master Bertie changing of his apparell with the goodman the duchesse with the good wife and their child with the child of the house Within few daies after by master Perusels means they hired a verie faire house in the towne and did not let to shew themselues what they were in such good sort as their present condition permitted It was by this time through the whole towne what discourtesie the inholders had shewed vnto them at their entrie in so much as on the sundaie following a preacher in the pulpit openlie in sharpe termes rebuked that great inciuilitie towards strangers by allegation of sundrie places out of holie scriptures discoursing how not onelie princes sometime are receiued in the image of priuat persons but angels in the shape of men and that God of his iustice would make the strangers one day in an other land to haue more sense of the afflicted heart of a stranger The time was passing foorth as they thought themselues thus happilie setled suddenlie a watchword came from sir Iohn Mason then quéene Maries ambassadour in Netherland that my lord Paget had fained an errant to the baths that waies and whereas the duke of Brunswicke was shortlie with ten ensignes to passe by Wesell for the seruice of the house of Austricke against the French king the said duchesse and hir husband should be with the same charge and companie intercepted Wherefore to preuent the crueltie of these enimies master Bertie with his wife and child departed to a place called Winheim in high Dutchland vnder the Palsgraues dominion where vnder his protection they continued till their necessaries line 10 began to faile them and they almost fainting vnder so heauie a burthen began to faile of hope At what time in the middest of their despaire there came suddenlie letters to them from the Palatine of Uilua and the king of Pole being instructed of their hard estate by a baron named Ioannes Alasco that was somtime in England offring them large curtesie This puruison vnlooked for greatlie reuiued their heauie spirits Yet considering they should remooue from manie their countriemen and acquaintance to line 20 a place so farre distant a countrie not haunted with the English and perhaps vpon their arriuall not finding as they looked for the end of their iornie should be worse than the beginning they deuised therevpon with one maister Barlow late bishop of Chichester that if he would vouchsafe to take some paines therin they would make him a fellow of that iournie So finding him prone they sent with him letters of great thanks to the king Palatine and also with a few principall iewels which onlie they had left of manie to solicit for them that the king would line 30 vouchsafe vnder his seale to assure them of the thing which he so honourablie by letters offered That sute by the forwardnes of the Palatine was as soone granted as vttered Upon which assurance the said dutchesse and hir husband with their familie entred the iournie in Aprill 1557 from the castell of Winheim where they before laie towards Francford In the which their iournie it were long here to describe what dangers fell by the waie vpon them their whole companie by reason of the Lantgraues line 40 capteines who vnder a quarrell pretensed for a spaniell of maister Berties set vpon them in the high waie with his horssemen thrusting their borespears through the wagon where the children and women were maister Bertie hauing but foure horssemen with him In the which brabble it happened the capteins horsse to be slaine vnder him Wherevpon a rumor was sparsed immediatlie through townes and villages about that the Lantgraues capteine should be slaine by some Wallons line 50 which incensed the ire of the countriemen there more fiercelie against maister Bertie as afterwards it prooued For as he was motioned by his wife to saue himselfe by the swiftnes of his horsse and to recouer some towne thereby for his rescue he so dooing was in worse case than before for the townesmen and the capteines brother supposing no lesse but that the capteine had béene slaine pressed so egerlie vpon him that he had beene there taken and murthered among them had not he as God would spieng a ladder leaning line 60 to a window by the same got vp into the house and so gone vp in to a garret in the top of the house where he with his dag and rapier defended himselfe for a space but at length the Burghmaister comming thither with another magistrate which could speake Latine he was counselled to submit himselfe vnto the order of the law Maister Bertie knowing himselfe cléere and the capteine to be aliue was the more bolder to submit himselfe to the iudgement of the law vpon condition that the magistrate would receiue him vnder safe conduct and defend him from the rage of the multitude Which being promised maister Bertie putteth himselfe and his weapon in the magistrates hand and so was committed to safe custodie while the truth of his cause should be tried Then master Bertie writing his letters to the Lantgraue and to the earle of Erbagh the next daie erlie in the morning the earle of Erbagh dwelling within eight miles came to the towne whither the dutchesse was brought with hir wagon maister Bertie also being in the same towne vnder custodie The earle who had some intelligence of the dutches before after he was come had shewed such courtesie as he thought to hir estate was séemelie the townesmen perceiuing the earle to behaue himselfe so humblie vnto hir began to consider more of the matter and further vnderstanding the capteine to be aliue both they and especallie the authors of the stir shrunke awaie and made all the friends they could to maister Bertie and his wife not to report their dooings after the woorst sort And thus maister Bertie and his wife escaping that danger procéeded in their iournie toward Poleland where in conclusion they were quietlie interteined of the king and placed honorablie in the earledome of the said king of Poles in Sanogelia called Crozan where maister Bertie with the dutchesse hauing the kings absolute power of gouernment ouer the said earldome continued both in great quietnesse and honor till the death of queene Marie Whose troublesome time sauoring altogither of bloudshed mercilesse murthering of Gods saints wherof the poet saith full trulie tellus madefacta cruore Christicolûm regerit decursus sanguinis atros Heu carnem mollem puerorum deuorat ignis Foemina másque perit nulla ratione virilis Foeminei aut sexus habita being expired and the peaceable reigne of gratious quéene Elizabeth established the said dutchesse and hir husband returned into England where they liued in libertie
before expressed For the sight whereof hir grace caused hir chariot to be remooued backe and yet hardlie could she sée because the children were set somewhat with the furthest in But after that hir grace had vnderstood the meaning thereof she thanked the citie praised the fairenesse of the worke and promised that she would doo hir whole indeuor for the continuall preseruation of concord as the pageant did import The child appointed in the standing aboue named to open the meaning of the said pageant spake these words vnto hir grace The two princes that sit vnder one cloth of state The man in the red rose the woman in the white Henrie the seauenth and queene Elizabeth his mate By ring of marriage as man and wife vnite Both heires to both their blouds to Lancaster the king The queene to Yorke in one the two houses did knit Of whome as heire to both Henrie the eight did spring In whose seate his true heire thou queene Elizabeth doost sit Therefore as ciuill warre and shead of bloud did cease When these two houses were vnited into one So now that iarre shall stint and quietnesse increase We trust ô noble queene thou wilt be cause alone The which also were written in Latine verses and both drawen in two tables vpon the fore front of the foresaid pageant as hereafter orderlie followeth Hij quos iungit idem solium quos annulus idem Hac albente nitens ille rubente rosa Septimus Henricus rex regina Elizabetha Scilicet hâ—redes gentis vterque suae Haec Eboracensis Lancastrius ille dederunt line 10 Connubio è geminis quo foret vna domus Excipit hos haeres Henricus copula regum Octauus magni regis imago potens Regibus hinc succedis auis regÃque parenti Patris iusta haeres Elizabetha tui Sentences placed therein concerning vnitie Nullae concordes animos virer doniant Quâ— iuncti terreni deiuncti timent line 20 Discorde sinimi soâ—uubi concordes ligant Augentuâ— pâ—rua pace magna bello caâ—uâ—t Coniuncâ—◠〈◊〉 fortius tollunt â—â—us Regno pro â—â—â—â—nibus aeneis ciuium concordia Qui duc pugnant diutius lugent Dissidentes principes subdi toâ—um 〈◊〉 Princeps ad pacem natus non ad arma datus Filia concordiae copia neptis quies Dissentiens respublica hostibus patet Qui idem tenent duitius tenent line 30 Regnum diuisum facilè dissoluitur Ciuitas concors armis frustrà tentatur Omnium gèntium consensus firmat fidem c. These verses and other pretie sentences were drawen in void places of this pageant all tending to one end that quietnes might be mainteined and all dissention displaced and that by the quéenes maiestie heire to agreement and agreeing in name with hir which to fore had ioined those houses which had béene the occasion of much debate and ciuill war line 40 within this realme as maie appéere to such as will search chronicles but be not to be touched herein onelie declaring hir graces passage through the citie and what prouision the citie made therefore And yer the quéenes maiestie came within hearing of this pageant she sent certeine as also at all the other pageants to require the people to be silent For hir maiestie was disposed to heare all that should be said vnto hir line 50 When the quéenes maiestie had heard the childs oration and vnderstood the meaning of the pageant at large she marched forward toward Cornehill alwaie receiued with like reioising of the people And there as hir grace passed by the conduit which was curiouslie trimmed against that same time with rich banners adorned and a noise of lowd instruments vpon the top thereof she spied the second pageant And bicause she feared for the peoples noise that she shuld not heare the child which did expound the same line 60 she inquired what that pageant was yer that shé◠came to it and there vnderstood that there was a child representing hir maiesties person placed in a seat of gouernement supported by certeine vertues which suppressed their contrarie vices vnder their feet and so foorth as in the description of the said pageant shall hereafter appeere This pageant standing in the nether end of Cornhill was extended from the one side of the stréet to the other And in the same pageant was deuised thrée gates all open and ouer the middle part thereof was erected one chaire or seate roiall with a cloth of estate to the same apperteining wherein was placed a child representing the quéenes highnesse with consideration had for place conuenient for a table which conteined hir name and title and in a comelie wreath artificiallie well deuised with perfect sight and vnderstanding to the people In the front of the same pageant was written the name and title thereof which is The seat of worthie gouernance Which seat was made in such artificiall maner as to the appearance of the lookers on the fore part seemed to haue no staie therefore of force was staied by liuelie personages which personages were in number foure standing and staieng the forefront of the same seat roiall each hauing his face to the quéene and people whereof euerie one had a table to expresse their effects which are vertues namelie Pure religion Loue of subiects Wisedome and Iustice which did tread their contrarie vices vnder their feet that is to wit Pure religion did tread vpon Superstition and Ignorance Loue of subiects did tread vpon Rebellion and Insolencie Wisedome did tread vpon Follie and Uaine glorie Iustice did tread vpon Adulation and Briberie Ech of these personages according to their proper names and properties had not onelie their names in plaine and perfect writing set vpon their breasts easilie to be read of all but also euerie of them was aptlie anâ— properlie apparelled so that his apparell and name did agree to expresse the same person that in title he represented This part of the pageant was thus appointed anâ— furnished The two sides ouer the two side ports had in them placed a noise of instruments which immediatlie after the childs spéech gaue an heauenlie melodie Upon the top or vppermost part of the said pageant stood the armes of England roiallie purtraitured with the proper beasts to vphold the same One representing the quéenes highnesse sat in this seat crowned with an imperiall crowne and before hir seat was a conuenient place appointed for one child which did interpret and applie the said pageant as hereafter shall be declared Euerie void place was furnished with proper sentences commending the seat supported by vertues and defacing the vices to the vtter extirpation of rebellion and to euerlasting continuance of quietnesse and peace The queenes maiestie approching nigh vnto this pageant thus beautified and furnished in all points caused hir charriot to be drawne nigh therevnto that hir grace might heare the childs short oration which was this While that religion true shall ignorance suppresse
of maister Hunnings seruants that was also one of the takers of fresh fish for the prouision of the queenes house was set on the pillorie in Cheapside in the fish market ouer against the kings head hauing a bawdrike of smelts hanging about his necke with a paper on his forehead written For buieng smelts for twelue pence the hundred and selling them againe for ten pence the quarter He stood so likewise on the eightéenth and the twentith daie of the same moneth euerie one of those three daies from nine of the clocke till twelue The last daie he should haue had one of his eares slit if by great sute made to the councell by the lord maior of London he had not béene pardoned and released out of prison This penance was assigned to him by the quéenes owne appointment when to hir grace his trespasse was reuealed Whereby shée gaue a tast to the people of a zealous mind to haue iustice dulie ministred and faults accordinglie punished namelie of those which vnder pretense of hir graces authoritie should go about to wrong and oppresse hir louing subiects line 10 This yéere in the Easter holidaies on the mondaie preached at the Spittle doctor Bill on the tuesdaie doctor Cox on the wednesdaie doctor Horne the first was hir maiesties chapleine the other two had remained at Geneua and in other places beyond the seas all queene Maries time On low sundaie maister Samson made the rehearsall sermon but when the lord maior and aldermen came to their places in Paules churchyard the pulpit doore was locked the keie could not be heard of Whervpon line 20 the lord maior sent for a smith to open the locke which was doone and when the preacher should enter the place it was found verie filthie and vncleanlie Moreouer the verger that had the custodie of the keie which opened the doore of the place where the prelats and other vse to stand at the sermon time would not open the doore but the gentlemen with a foorme brake it open and so came in to heare the sermon This disorder chanced by reason that since Christmasse last past there was not a sermon preached line 30 at Paules crosse by meanes of an inhibition sent from the councell vnto the bishop of London that he should admit no preacher because of the controuersie betwixt the bishops and other of the clergie that were now returned into the realme from the parties of beyond the seas The last of March the parlement yet continuing was a conference begun at Westminster concerning certeine articles of religion betwixt the bishops and other of the clergie on the one part and certeine line 40 learned preachers of whome some had beene in dignitie in the church of England before that time on the other part The declaration of the procéeding wherin and the cause of the breaking vp of the same conference by default and contempt of certeine bishops parties of the said conference was published in a little treatise and imprinted by Richard Iug and Iohn Cawood printers to the quéenes maiestie as here followeth The quéenes most excellent maiestie hauing heard of diuersitie of opinions in certeine line 50 matters of religion amongst sundrie of hir louing subiects and being verie desirous to haue the same reduced to some godlie christian concord thought it best by the aduise of the lords and other of hir priuie councell as well for the satisfaction of persons doubtfull as also for the knowlege of the verie truth in certeine matter of difference to haue a cōuenient chosen number of the best learned of either part to confer togither their opinions and reasons and therby to come to some good and charitable agreement line 60 And herevpon by hir maiesties commandement certeine of hir priuie councell declared this purpose to the archbishop of Yorke being also one of the same priuie councell required him that he would impart the same to some of the bishops and to make choise of eight nine or ten of them and that there should be the like number named of the other part and further also declared to him as then was supposed what the matters should be And as for the time it was thought meet to be as soone as possible might be agreed vpon And then after certeine daies past it was signified by the said archbishop that there was appointed by such of the bishops to whome he had imparted this matter eight persons that is to saie foure bishops and foure doctors who were content at the quéenes maiesties commandement to shew their opinions and as he termed it render account of their faith in those matters which were mentioned and that speciallie in writing although he said they thought the same so determined as there was no cause to dispute vpon them It was herevpon fullie resolued by the quéenes maiestie with the aduise aforesaid that according to their desire it should be in writing on both parts for auoiding of much altercation in words and that the said bishops should bicause they were in authoritie and degree superiors first declare their minds and opinions in the matter with their reasons in writing and the other number being also eight men of good degrée in schooles and some hauing béene in dignitie in the church of England if they had anie thing to saie to the contrarie should the same daie declare their opinions in like manner And so ech of them should deliuer their writings to the other to be considered what were to be improoued therein and the same to declare againe in writing at some other conuenient daie and the like order to be kept in all the rest of the matters All this was fullie agreed vpon with the archbishop of Yorke and also signified to both parties And immediatlie herevpon diuerse of the nobilitie and states of the realme vnderstanding that such a meeting and conference should be and that in certeine matters wherevpon the court of parlement consequentlie following some lawes might be grounded they made earnest meanes to hir maiestie that the parties of this conference might put and read their assertions in the English toong and that in the presence of them of the nobilitie and others of the parlement house for the better satisfaction and inabling of their owne iudgements to treat and conclude of such lawes as might depend herevpon This also being thought verie reasonable was signified to both parties and so fullie agréed vpon and the daie appointed for the first méeting to be the fridaie in the forenoone being the last of March at Westminster church where both for good order and for honour of the conference by the quéenes maiesties commandement the lords and others of the priuie councell were present and a great part of the nobilitie also And notwithstanding the former order appointed and consented vnto by both parts yet the bishop of Winchester and his colleagues alleging that they had mistaken that their assertions and reasons
was a lamentable sight and pitifull remembrance line 40 to the beholders therof After this mischance the queens maiestie being much gréeued for the losse of so beautifull a monument directed hir highnesse letters to the maior of the citie of London willing him to assemble the citizens to take some order for speciall aid and helpe for the reparing againe of the said monument And she of hir most gratious disposition to giue a comfort to others for the furtherance thereof did presentlie giue and deliuer in gold one thousand markes and a warrant for a thousand lode line 50 of timber to be taken out of hir maiesties woods or elsewhere and the citizens of London granted one beneuolence and three fiftéens to be foorthwith paied The clergie vnder the prouince of Canturburie granted the fortith part of the value of their benefices charged with first fruits not charged with first fruits the thirtith part The clergie of the diocesse of London granted the thirtith part of their benefices in first fruits and the twentith part out of first fruits Now immediatlie by commandement of the line 60 quéenes highnesse hir priuie councell tooke order that six citizens of London and two of the cleargie of the church of Paules had charge and commandement to ouersée and set forward this worke who made such expedition that within one moneth next following the burning thereof the whole church that is to saie all the foure great roofes of the same were couered with boords and lead after the maner of a false roofe And the greatnesse of the worke dispatched in so short time could scarselie be credited of anie but of such as saw and knew the same And the cause of this great hast was for feare of raine which might haue perished the vawtes to the destruction of the whole church the people that were therein And before the said yéere was fullie ended all the said iles of the said church were made framed of new maine timber couered with lead fullie finished And the same yeare also the great roofe of the west end was framed and made of new great timber in Yorkeshire brought to London by sea and set vp couered with lead and fullie finished And in like maner within the said yeare the whole roofe and frame of the east end of the said church was made in Yorkeshire brought by sea to London and there laid readie to be raised when the season of the yeare serued This one thing resteth to be told that by estimation of wise men 10000 pounds more than is yet granted vnto it will not perfect finish the church and stéeple in such sort as it was before the burning thereof In this meane time also by reason of the quéenes maiesties letters directed to the maior and his brethren of the citie of London about the burning of Paules there were certeine aldermen and commoners of the said citie named and called togither by the authoritie of the maior to deuise some good order and spéedie remedie for the reliefe and comfort of the said citie whensoeuer anie chance of fire hereafter should happen as God forbid within the said citie or liberties thereof And the persons so called after sundrie méetings and with good aduisement and deliberation agréed and penned a certeine order for the spéedie remedie thereof as well for the readie knowledge of the place wheresoeuer the same fire should happen and for the sudden extinguishment suppressing of the same as also for the safe kéeping of the goods of such persons in whose house anie fire should chance Which orders and rules vndoubtedlie would be to the great comfort safetie of the citie and citizens of the same if they were published and made knowen in time and executed accordinglie But what should I saie I can but lament not onelie for this but also for manie such painefull and profitable labors which for good gouernement of this citie had béene taken For as soone as the talking thereof is doone and the bookes framed and deliuered so soone is it put in obliuion and nothing at all thought vpon vntill an houre after the mischiefe be past This yeare was chosen lord maior of London a worthie citizen named William Harper one of the companie of the merchant tailors This man wishing in his life time to benefit his countrie founded a free schoole in the towne of Bedford where he was borne and now lieth buried prouiding a competent stipend and liuing for a scholemaister there to traine vp and instruct children in vertue and learning foreuer The fiftéenth of Nouember the quéenes maiestie published a proclamation wherein she restored to the realme diuerse small péeces of siluer monie as the peece of six pence foure pence thrée pence two pence and a penie three halfe pence and thrée farthings She also forbad all forren coines to be currant within the same realme as well gold as siluer calling them to hir maiesties mints except two sorts of crownes of gold the one the French crowne the other the Flemmish crowne ¶ Thus did hir maiestie in all hir actions directed to common vtilitie shoot at a certeine perfection purenesse and soundnesse as here in hir new stamps and coines of all sorts so also in Gods religion setting the materiall churches of hir dominions frée from all popish trash which one hath aptlie noted by waie of comparison saieng Eiectis paleis purgatur vt area multo Vsque laborantis serui sudore reuulsis Vt nitet ampla domus quas struxit aranea telis Sic priùs idolis confractis templa fricantur Cuncta scopis quicquid fuit abradentibus vncis Dentibus obscoenum spurcum verbóue repugnans Sacro relligióque erectis cultior ibat Iam pedibus Christúsque Dei cognoscitur agnus Offensas delens mundi peccatáque tollen◠Vaenalis populo non indulgentia papae This yeare in England were manie monstruous births In March a mare brought foorth a foale with one bodie and two heads and as it were a long taile growing out betweene the two heads Also a sow farowed a pig with foure legs like to the armes of a manchild with armes and fingers c. In Aprill a sow farrowed a pig with two bodies year 1562 eight féet and but one head manie calues and lambs were monstruous line 10 some with collars of skin growing about their necks like to the double ruffes of shirts and neckerchers then vsed The foure and twentith of Maie a manchild was borne at Chichester in Sussex the head armes legs whereof were like to an anatomie the breast and bellie monstruous big from the nauill as it were a long string hanging about the necke a great collar of flesh and skin growing like the ruffe of a shirt or neckercher comming vp aboue the eares pleited and folded c. line 20 The realme of France being in great trouble about this season by the means of
pen thorough the malicious barking of some who suppose nothing well but what they doo themselues whereby gaine maie rise vnto their posteritie in this liberall sort to set downe the names and times of such treasurors as haue liued in England as hereafter I will doo the chancellors and that with as good authoritie as these secret backbiters can challenge anie cunning to themselues who suppose euerie blast of their mouth to come foorth of Trophonius den and that they spake from the triuet As I will not arrogate anie thing to my selfe for in truth I saie with Socrates Hoc tantùm scio quòd nihil scio or derogate from them that which their worthinesse maie merit so shall I be glad sith nothing is at the first so perfect but that somewhat maie be either augmented or amended to and in it that this maie whet those enuious persons to deliuer anie thing to the world that maie in comptrolling my labours benefit their countrie which if they will not doo let them cease their euill spéeches for Qui pergit dicere quae libet quae non vult audiet And truelie for mine owne part I will Canere palinodiam and yeeld them an honourable victorie if anie better shall be produced and be heartilie glad that truth which is all that I seeke maie be brought to perfection Now how well I haue done it my selfe must not be iudge desiring pardon of such as either with wise modestie can or ought to iudge or with rare antiquities can or will correct what I haue doone if thorough ignorance we haue committed anie escapes or imperfections further promising that if hereafter we espie any of our owne error or if anie other either friend for good will or aduersarie for desire of reprehension shall open the same vnto me I will not for defense of mine estimation or of pride or of contention by wranglings or quarrelling vpon authorities histories and records wilfullie persist in those faults but be glad to heare of them and in the whole and large discourse of the liues of the lord treasurors almost perfected corrected them For as I said it is truth of antiquities that I séeke for which being had either by good intention of my welwilling friends or by occasion and reprehension of my enuious emulators I greatlie esteeme not And so to the matter Saint Dunstane for I vse that name more for antiquities than deuoutnesse cause was treasuror to Eadred or Eldred king of England who began his reigne in the yeare that the word became flesh nine hundred fortie and six of whome thus writeth Matthew Parker in his booke of the archbishops of Canturburie in the life of Odo Seuerus the two and twentith bishop of that see Edmundo the king of England defuncto Eadredus corona regia ab Odone redimitus rem publicam administrans Dunstanum vt in eius vita pleniùs patebit tam singulari amore prosequutus est vt omnes regni thesauros illius custodiae commendaret Hugoline was treasuror and chamberleine to Edward the confessor he gaue Deane and Southâ—righ to Westminster which Edward the confessor did afterward confirme to that house Odo halfe brother to William the conqueror erle of Kent bishop of Baieux and chiefe iustice of England was treasuror in the time of the conqueror who had at his death as saith Anonymus M.S. sixtie thousand pounds Excepto auro gemmis vasis palijs Geffreie lord Clinton treasuror and chamberleine to Henrie the first he about the thirteenth yeare of Henrie the first in the yeare of our Lord one thousand one hundred and twelue did found the priorie of Kenelworth and was after accused of treason in the one and thirtith yeare of the reigne of the said Henrie the first but as it séemed restored in short time after to the kings fauour Ranulph bishop of Durham was treasuror to the king whome Florentius Wigorniensis calleth Praecipuum regis placitatorem regni exactorem whose last word Exactor some men doo English treasuror Of this man is more said in the chancellors of England Roger bishop of Sarisburie treasuror chancellor of England as appeareth by Leland writing in this sort Roger bishop of Sarum treasuror chancellor to Henrie the first made the castell of Uies such a costlie and so strong a fort as was neuer before nor since set vp by anie bishop of England The kéepe or dungeon of it set vpon a hill cast by hand is a peece of worke of incredible cost There appeare in the gate of it six or seauen places for portculices and much goodlie building was in it It is now in ruine and part of the front of the towers of the gate of the keepe and the chappell in it were carried full vnprofitablie to the building of master Beintons house at Bromhame scant thrée miles off There remaine diuerse goodlie towers yet in the vtter wall of the castell but all going to ruine The principall gate line 10 that leadeth into the towne is yet of great strength and hath places of seauen or eight portculices Thus much Leland in his commentaries of England which I haue here set downe partlie to prooue Roger bishop of Salisburie to be treasuror and partlie to commit to the world all such collections and notes as I can get of his Besides which to prooue the same Roger treasuror at the latter end of the reigne of Henrie the first togither with William de Pontlearch at the entering of king Stephan into England line 20 thus writeth one Anonymall chronicle M. S. Stephanus cùm intrauit Angliam RogeruÌ„ Seresberiensem Willielmum de Pontlearcus custodes thesaurorum ad se traduxit which William de Pontlearch was a witnesse with William Stigill to a certeine charter which Ranulph bishop of Durham made to the moonkes of Durham commonlie called S. Cutberts moonks wherin he confirmed to them Blakestone Standrop and Sandropshire with the wood of Henworth on the east part of Marneburne as farre as it goeth to the line 30 sea This Roger bishop of Salisburie died in the yeare of our redemption one thousand one hundred thirtie and nine being about the fourth yeare of king Stephan of whome mention is made in the chancellors of England Nigellus the second bishop of Elie nephue to Roger bishop of Sarum and treasuror to Henrie the first was aduanced vnto that bishoprike of Elie in the yeare of our redemption one thousand one hundred thirtie and three the fift calends of line 40 Iune being the thrée and thirtith yeare of the reigne of Henrie the first at whose going downe to be installed in the said bishoprike he was receiued with such ioie that all the whole street of Elie thorough which he should passe was hanged with curteins and carpets with seats set on ech side and the moonks canons and clerks méeting him with procession with diuers other priests standing round about them After his installation he returned to
benefit of soules as he still termed it but he would not grant that he came for anie treason So that to seduce hir maiesties subiects to persuade them from their duetie and obedience and to ioine themselues in such sort as their princesse and countrie must be destroied thereby this is no treason in his opinion Howbeit Campion and his fellowes pleaded ignorance still they saw and would not sée they were so craftilie schooled Iames Bosgraue he was at Uilna in Polonia and as he confessed line 50 himselfe he vnderstood that there was préests appointed for England vpon which report he came awaie from thense in verie great hast And in his passage he mentioned to one in the ship who was sworne and confessed the same before certeine iustices that there was such matter towards in England as hath béene before expressed and therevpon he sought to haue woone him if his purpose could haue taken effect Campion seeing this begun somewhat to touch the quicke and that in truth it discouered line 60 the dealings of them all he taketh vpon him to answer on his behalfe for that they all reposed themselues on him He saith that if Bosgraue did heare such news that there were papists appointed for England whie should they take hold on so small a cause Flieng reports are not to be credited for albeit he heard such newes how knew he if they were certeine or no Againe quoth he the man hath beene long out of England and he doth not speake English perfectlie it maie be then that some word maie escape him vnawares which you are not to build vpon considering the defect of the man for he maie peraduenture speake he knoweth not what And where you saie that such a one hath auouched before certeine iustices that he vsed such and such words to him where is the man we are not to credit a written paper what know we if it be true or no Let vs heare him selfe saie so and then we will beléeue it Sée what a number of shifts he had cōtinuallie to wast the time and all to no pupose The mans owne confession was there wherto himselfe had subscribed and foure or fiue iustices set their hands to it for the certeintie thereof yet this was not sufficient to answer them Robert Iohnson he was likewise at Auinion in France from whense he came also in verie great hast vpon the report he had heard of priests that were appointed for England Now there is an other thing to be considered that these men setled where they were by their owne confession they must not depart from thense without they be appointed by their superiors then it is easie to be answered that they came by their superiors apointment at this present and as the generall determination was so they came all for one cause intent Edward Rishton he being here in England wrote a letter to Richardson a priest and who is likewise condemned amongest them which letter was there openlie read to his face How there were foure goldsmiths of his occupation latelie come ouer who indeed were priests and how all things went successiuelie forwards And Campion being in the Tower wrote a letter vnto Pownd likewise wherein he gaue him to vnderstand that he was verie sorie that through his frailtie he had bewraied those at whose houses he had béene so fréendlie interteined wherefore he asked God hartilie forgiuenesse and them all whome he had so highlie offended But saith he as for the chiefe matter that is as yet vnreuealed and come racke come rope neuer shall that be discouered A number of matters more were brought against them which to rehearse would require a farre more large discourse but to be bréefe in the end this was the full and certeine issue That these men when they were beyond the seas the generall agréement and determination amongest them was to worke the death of our most gratious princesse to destroie hir dominion and to erect such as pleased them when this aforesaid daie should take effect And that their comming ouer was to seduce hir louing subiects to win their obedient hearts from hir so that they should be in a readinesse to ioine with a foren power and so they should likewise be destroiers of their princesse and countrie And that in the meane while they themselues sought to accomplish hir maiesties death so much as in them laie This was manifestlie prooued by verie large and ample euidence credible witnesses and their owne confessions and writings whereon the iurie hauing wiselie and discreetlie pondered and searched and séene into the depth of euerie cause worthilie and deseruedlie gaue them vp all guiltie of the treasons whereof they were indicted and arreigned Which being doone after a godlie and comfortable exhortation persuading them patientlie to suffer and abide the death for them appointed and to be heartilie sorie for their greeuous and hainous offenses the sentence of death was pronounced on them that they should depart to the places from whense they came and from thense to be drawne on hurdles to the place of execution where they should he hanged till they were halfe dead then to be cut downe their priuie members to be cut off and their entrailes taken forth and to be burned in the fire before their eies then their heads to be cut off their bodies parted into foure quarters to be disposed at hir maiesties pleasure and the Lord God to receiue their soules to his mercie Afterwards they were conueied from thense with botes to a place of landing for them appointed from whense they were conducted to the Tower of London diuers of them giuing foorth sundrie lewd and dishonest spéeches as Thomas Coteham seeing so manie people to behold them desired that fire and brimstone might fall from heauen to destroie both the citie and all that were in it with diuerse other wicked words which for modesties sake I omit here to rehearse desiring God in mercie to giue men better grace On the next daie being tuesdaie and the one and twentith daie of Nouember there was brought to the said high barre these persons following Iohn Hart Thomas Foord William Filbie Laurence Richardson Iohn Shert Alexander Brian and Iohn Collington Alexander Brian he had shauen his crowne himselfe made him a crosse of a peece of a trencher which he held in his hand openlie praied to which when he was rebuked for he boldlie and stoutlie made answer that his crowne was of his owne shauing and he had good hope to doo it againe line 20 In breefe they were all indicted on the selfe same treasons as they were the daie before and Iohn Harts traitorous sermon which he made at Rhems against hir maiestie auouched to his face their owne writings and confessions with substantiall witnesse produced against them so that they were found giltie of their treasons as the other were before them except Iohn Collington he was quit of the former
hir maiestie and hir councell to be notorious practisers verie inward with the duke of Guise and contriuers of the treasons and deuises for the inuasion intended And for verie certeine knowledge thereof we néed not be beholding to Francis Throckemorton onelie although he hath said much of them but to others of better credit than himselfe That the duke of Guise did vndertake the enterprise to inuade the realme with a forren power to be defraied by the pope and king of Spaine a part of maister Throckemortons confession and he in truth the first discouerer thereof to hir maiestie if he will say that it was but inuention it will approue false For since he discouered the same there haue béene diuerse aduertisements thereof sent to hir maiestie from forren princes hir highnesse louing neighbors and alies as also by other good meanes and intelligences from hir ambassadors and seruants residing in other countries If he denie as he hath doone that he neuer had knowledge of anie such matter when he confessed the same it hath no likelihood of line 10 truth for Throckemorton was neuer knowne to be a prophet to foretell things Defuturo He resorted often to the Spanish ambassador at the least twise a wéeke when he was in London this often repaire could not be to conferre with the ambassador for the exchange of monie for his brother as he pretended at his arreignement there was some other cause When he was apprehended he had a casket couered with gréene veluet verie cunninglie conueied out of his chamber by a maidseruant line 20 of the house taken vp vnder a beds side in his chamber one of the gentlemen who were sent to apprehend him then being in the chamber vnknowing thereof which casket not long after his apprehension was by one Iohn Meredith a follower of Throckemorton conueied to the hands of the Spanish ambassador And why to him If the matters therein might well haue abidden the light why should not the casket haue béene kept still at home And if not there why not sent to some other place of line 30 safetie as well as to the Spanish ambassador It is to be conceiued that this casket was not conueied thither without the direction of Francis Throckemorton though caried by Meredith who did well know of what moment the matters were that were within the casket of what danger to Throckemorton if they had béene disclosed therefore meant to bestowe them in a safe place where they could not readilie be had as he thought and with a person not vnacquainted with the qualitie of them After the line 40 deliuerie of the casket Meredith fled for in truth he was priuie to the treasons and a fellow practiser in them To whome Francis Throckemorton being taken short at the time of his apprehension and forced to run vp a staire to deface a letter which he was then in writing to the Scotish quéene in cipher as he hath confessed being suddenlie apprehended and so forced to depart awaie presentlie out of his house deliuered priuilie into the hands of Meredith either the cipher by the which he was writing his letter line 50 to the Scotish quéene or a letter in cipher by him written vnto hir therefore he trusted Meredith as a man priuie to his dooings You are also to vnderstand that Throckemorton was in verie great feare of the discouering of this casket after his apprehension For remaining two or thrée daies prisoner in the house of one of the gentlemen that were sent to apprehend him before he was committed to the Tower he was permitted to talke with a solicitor of his law causes who brought him line 60 certeine bookes drawne or other like papers written which he made shew to peruse But that was not the matter why he sent for his solicitor for in perusing the bookes he conueied into them a little péece of paper vpon the which he had written with a cole I would faine know whether my casket be safe or to the like effect The solicitor departing from him and resorting to Throckemortons house not far distant from the place where he remained prisoner opening his papers did shake out this peece of paper which he tooke vp and deliuered to one of Francis Throckemortons men but the casket was alreadie conueid to the Spanish ambassador Wherby you wil perceiue what care he had of the casket how much it might import him to haue the writings or matters within the same concealed He being examined touching the casket and what was in the same he denied at the first that euer he had anie such casket but finding afterwards that the casket was discouered he confessed the casket and said there were certeine letters therein that came to his hands for the Scotish quéene from Thomas Morgan at Paris and other letters and papers but confessed not all as it is supposed That Charles Paget came ouer into the realme to euill purposes as Throckemorton dooth declare in his confession could not be inuented for euen at the same time that he mentioneth Paget came ouer in secret and suspicious maner staied not aboue fiftéene daies indeuored in a sort to find the disposition of William Shellie esquier how he might stand affected to giue assistance to the treasons although Paget discouered not directlie his traitorous intents to Shellie therefore all Throckemortons confessions were not forged or inuented But bicause the two papers produced at his arreignement conteining the description of the hauens for the commodious landing of forces doo most apparantlie condemne him and are a manifest argument of his priuitie to the whole treason you may not forget that he acknowledged one of the papers written in the secretarie hand to haue béene of his owne dooing but denied the other written in the Romane hand In the which vnder the title of Cheshire c is said Upon the landing of forren supplies Chester shall be taken But what in your opinions might be vnderstood by that sentence Chester shall be taken when you shall compare the paper in the secretarie hand with the other written in the Romane hand intituled The names of noblemen and gentlemen in euerie countie fit to be dealt withall in this matter which in truth were both one although the Romane were somewhat more inlarged the question is to be asked What matter The answer followeth necessarilie To assist the forren forces that shall come to inuade the realme for that there is an other title in that paper ouer the names of the hauens c Hauens in euerie coast fit for the landing of forces Now iudge you to what end these names of men and descriptions of hauens their entries capacities what winds bring vnto them from Spaine France and Flanders were written and set downe by Throckemorton the papers are both of his owne handwriting and the secretarie but a proiect or copie of the Romane Is it not likelie thinke you that he would acquaint the
not to liue without your fauour and dieng will wish from my hart that my end may be the beginning of your maiesties securitie and my death the preseruation of your life and the increase both to your maiestie and to this your most flourishing commonwealth of all the most happie blessings of almightie God Your maiesties most wofull subiect in that he hath offended you Francis Throckemorton He sent vnto hir maiestie togither with the said submission a declaration written likewise with his owne hand conteining the effects of the most principall points of his treasons formerlie confessed retracting onelie the accusation of his father and some other particularities of no moment to cléere him of his treasons the effect wherof followeth in his owne words as he set them downe The declaration which Throckmorton sent to hir maiestie with his letter of submission THe onelie cause why I coined the practise first by me confessed and vniustlie touched my father was for that partlie I conceiued that the paper written so long since could not now by law haue touched me but principallie for that I was willing thereby to colour the setting downe of those names and hauens in Romane hand which were written long after the time by me confessed vpon occasion of conference betwéene the Spanish ambassador and me of this latter practise Mine intelligence with the Scotish queene began a little before Christmas was two yeares the cipher I had from Thomas Morgan in France the first letter I receiued by Godfrie Fulgeam by whome also came all such others as I after receiued for the most part vnlesse it were such as came to me by F. A. his hands who as he told line 10 me receiued them of the fellow by me spoken of in my former confessions whose name I protest before God I know not nor whense he is And for such letters as came vnto me in the absence of Fulgeam they were inclosed vnder a couerture from Fulgeam and were deliuered me by the hands of Robert Tunstead his brother in law vnto whome I deliuered such as I had for the Scotish quéene couered with a direction vnto Fulgeam and once I remember or twise I sent by one of my men called line 20 Butler letters for the Scotish queene to the house of the said Tunstead néere Buckestones couered with a direction to Tunstead and vnder a letter to Fulgeam In such letters as came to me from the Scotish quéene were inclosed letters to F. A. manie times and most times some for Thomas Morgan Hir letters to me conteined c. But before I returned mine answer vnto hir I vnderstood of the death of the duke of Lenox and withall heard from Morgan with whome all mine line 30 intelligence was for with my brother I neuer had anie other than that the matters by me written to Morgan were by him imparted vnto my brother most times that by the persuasion of the pope and the king of Spaine the duke of Guise had yeelded to performe the iournie in person and that it was thought that the next waie to atteine libertie for the Scotish quéene and to reforme Scotland was to begin here in England And therefore he desired to know from me whether in mine opinion line 40 catholikes would not backe any such force as should be sent considering a demand of tolerance in religion for them should insue the well performing of the said enterprise and what I thought the force would amount vnto both of horsse and footmen and where I thought to be the fittest landing Mine answer was that as then I saw no great probabilitie of the good successe of such an enterprise for that the catholikes were timorous dispersed the matter perillous to be communicated vnto manie without which I saw not how anie estimat could be line 50 made of the forces besides that it was an imminent danger vnto the Scotish quéene whereof I saw no remedie I tooke notice of this matter in my next letters to the Scotish quéene whose answer was that she latelie heard of that determination c. Upon my former answer vnto Morgan he desired me that I would conferre with the Spanish ambassador to whom I should be recommended from thense Herevpon line 60 the said ambassador sent for me and brake with me in this matter assuring me that in his opinion he found it verie easie to make great alteration here with verie little force considering the disuse in men to warre and troubles would so amaze them as he thought that they would be as soone ouerthrowne as assailed he could not thinke but in such a case catholikes would shew themselues sith the purpose tended to the obteining for them libertie of conscience and therefore he desired me to acquaint him what I thought men would doo in such a case and where I thought the fittest landing and what holds in these parts were easiest to be surprised I answered him that as it séemed the enterprise stood vpon great vncerteinties if it depended of the knowledge of a certeine force to be found here which no man could assure him of vnlesse he had sounded all the catholikes which was not possible without a manifest hazard of the discouerie of the purpose For as for anie great personage I know no one to be drawne to this action that could carrie anie more than his ordinarie retinue the onlie waie in such a case was I told him for such as would be drawne into this matter and were of credit in their countries to leuie forces vnder colour of the princes authoritie But for that these things depended vpon vncerteine grounds which was not fit to be vsed in so great an action I said it was to be resolued that the force to be sent should be of that number that what backing soeuer they should find here they might be able of themselues to incounter with anie force that might be prouided to be sent against them and therfore they could not be lesse than fiftéene thousand men For the place of their landing I said it depended much vpon the force that should be sent for if that were in great number it mattered not where they landed if in a small companie then was it requisit that it should be in the countries best affected furthest from hir maiesties principall forces which I said to be in the northerne parts on either side To the danger of the Scotish quéene by me obiected he said he knew no remedie vnlesse she might be taken awaie by some two hundred horsse which I told him I saw not to be possible for that I knew not anie gentleman in those parts which were men if anie to performe it that I durst wish to be made acquainted with the matter before hand Finallie our conclusion was that I should informe him of the hauens as particularlie as I could and within few daies after finding by him that the force intended hither was farre inferior vnto that I spake of
by the lords of hir maiesties priuie councell with maister William Burroughs and others to surueie and confer about that hauen with the said commissioners vnderstanding Ferdinando Poins had delt in the inning of Woolwich Erith marshes being also willing to doo him good gaue fauourable eare vnto him as to one that propounded an easie and a cheape platforme and not much vnprobable in his opinion whose desire was to haue it well performed and with as small charge as might be for that he was the greatest preferrer of that bill in the parlement house and yéelded the best reasons for a hauen to be there placed At this assemblie were proposed other sundrie mens deuises namelie of one Thomas Brooker gentleman Iohn Stoneham carpentar Bedwell c and among the rest sir Thomas Scot being a man carefull for the affaires of his countrie and therewithall verie perspicuous being wearied with manie fruitlesse conferences delaies strange and vntoward deuises chargeable and vaine attempts and contrarie procéedings and among other things hauing had great experience in Romneie marsh matters the greatest businesse whereof consisteth in making and reparing of wals to defend the same marsh from the inuasion and inundation of the sea and dailie seeing the nature and effects therof weieng also in his mind that Romneie marsh wals are of greater bulke and force than these need to be for that they lie more open to the maine sea and without comparison more subiect to the weight and violent rage thereof and further knowing that the marsh wals are placed not farre from thense vpon that coast vpon a foundation in all respects like vnto the same if not woorse for sometimes they build vpon a verie quicke sand where one maie thrust downe a pole of a doozzen or twentie foot and not find or feele the bottome and after he had compared these workes together perceiuing no impediment whie one rule should not direct two workes of one kind he conferred with his neighbours of Romneie marsh therein who allowed and confirmed his deuise and afterward redilie attended on him to Douer there to approue his opinion with their reasons and experience and not so onelie but also to vndertake and performe what soeuer he had set downe or promised in that behalfe The residue of the commissioners hearing and conceiuing sir Thomas Scots reasons ioined and confirmed with experience not far fetcht but ratified by neere neighbours being persons of good account which were expert from their childhood in the practise of those kind of works inclined greatlie vnto his motion and the rather for that they knew him to be such a one as would not séeke for priuat gaines Howbeit they which exhibited the woodden worke could not well conceiue hereof nor easilie consent herevnto And no waie was thought by them more fit to preferre their owne worke than to make some offer to doo it by great which the lords of the councell greatlie desired as whereby they might vnderstand the vttermost charge and time required for the accomplishing thereof But the price of the woodden wall grew to be so large for fiue thousand and fiue hundred pounds was the lowest rate of their demand for the long wall onelie that it was much misliked For first there was no likelihood or possibilitie that the same should be set fast and vnmoueable wher the slub or sléech is fiftéene foot déepe at the least and the maine rocke immediatlie vnderneath it Secondlie if the same could be erected yet it must line 10 in short time be so shaken by reason of the weight of the pent water on the one side at low water and by the violence of the sea on the other side at the floud that through the vnstedinesse thereof it could not continue tight Thirdlie the nature of the sand and slub was thought to be so different from the condition of woodden boords and planks whereof this wall was to consist that though there were no weight or wether that could impech the stedie standing thereof yet there could be no such firme coniunction betwixt line 20 them but that the verie weight of the wall it selfe must néeds cause the same to decline to one side or other whereby water would draine betwixt by reason of the thinnesse of the slub or sleech which could minister no certeine staie therevnto nor likelihood that the same should so vnite with the wood as to stand stedie and to make a perfect pent in that place but to helpe that matter they meant to haue shored and braced the said timber wall in such sort as the same should haue staid the whole worke yet no line 30 bracing could as the best opinion was haue preuailed to bring that wall to be good or stedie Fourthlie it was thought that such a wall so placed would be subiect to more than ordinarie decaie by reason that anie woodworke lieng in water especiallie when it is sometimes wet and sometimes drie will in short time rot and disioint so as if the same could be repared whereof there was great doubt made yet the reparations would be in respect of charge verie intollerable Fiftlie the delaie of time herein was also line 40 disliked for two yeares being demanded for the accomplishing of that one wall no time could be promised Sixtlie they being demanded whether they had euer séene either on this side or beyond the seas anie such wall or worke they answered No but affirmed it to be in their opinions so probable as they would aduenture to vndertake it for thirtie pounds the rod but in what space to finish it they could not saie Seuenthlie there was required for line 50 the building of this wall 7000 tun of timber which all Kent and Sussex without vnrecouerable hurt in depriuation of their timber was not able to yeeld and the necessarie carriages for such a prouision could haue béene by no meanes procured without the vndooing of the inhabitants and spoile of the countrie These causes were of force inough to ouerthrow a woodden wall The deuise neuerthelesse deserued commendation These matters thus mentioned were afterwards debated before the lords of the councell and line 60 these reasons with manie others were deliuered vnto their lordships by maister Thomas Digs the first elected surueior of the works as from the commissioners The credit of the parties who were to vndertake this woodden wall and their reasons preuailed so much as diuerse noble and wise men grew to conceiue good liking thereof But the lord treasuror whose voice and iudgement in all causes of importance hath in all his time worthilie caried the swaie allowed rather of the marsh works saieng that if he erred therein as not seeing but hearing the matter in question he would erre with discretion as led by the reasons of the commissioners who had séene and tried the experience of that kind of worke Diuerse liked of Poins his worke or at the least of his communication partlie as it is said
precise in the obseruation of good order For he would seldome breake it in anie respect but vpon euident knowne and most iust cause or when he was ouerruled as sometimes he was by such as had souereigne power to direct and command him Extraordinarie courses he alwaies vtterlie misliked especiallie when order was peruerted or iustice hindered whereby the common societie of mans life is onelie preserued and mainteined which two things speciallie purchased him such vniuersall goodwill euerie where and namelie amongst the officers of hir maiesties most honorable houshold with whome he would manie times be familiarlie conuersant as they haue often wished he might haue beene honored with a white staffe to haue borne office with authoritie amongst them His nature was so tempered with modestie pietie and patience as he seldome shewed heat or choler how greeuous so euer the offense was which was giuen him He was a fast friend where he professed friendship and no reuengefull so when he was offended hardlie would he be remooued in friendship from his friend or follower but vpon most iust certeine and knowne cause which he could not smulther and would not hide from the partie I haue manie times heard him saie and by occasion haue séene the same written in his owne letters that he was dubbed knight by that noble and vertuous prince king Edward the selfe same daie sir William Cecill then principall secretarie now lord treasuror of England was by meanes wherof and that sir William Cecill was yea euen in those daies estéemed a most rare man both for sundrie and singular gifts of nature learning wisedome and integritie and partlie by the friendlie good offices of that true paterne of humanitie and courtesie sir Iohn Chéeke then schoolemaster to the king a choise deare friend to them both that there began such an entrie of acquaintance knowledge loue mutuall goodwill and intire friendship betwixt them as continued alwais 〈…〉 and 〈◊〉 after till his dieng daie A matter of proâ—â—ritie it were and intollerable â—ediousnesse to parâ—â—culaâ— in ampâ—e maner the raâ—e qualities of his bodie and mind wherefore we wâ—ll 〈◊〉 run them ouer as loth to abridge his deserued 〈◊〉 too liberallie This noble man was fortunat in war and no lesse happie in peace passing well beloued of his soldiers vpright in iustice yet withall inclined to mercie â—e reuerenced all mâ—n of science for he would manie times saie Science was to be honored wheresoeuer it was to be found line 10 〈…〉 He omitted not moâ—ning euening praier he was liberall and honorable in hospitalitie his skill far eâ—ceâ—ded other mens in knowledge and secrets of Ireland yea of that countrie birth The loue and affection the Irishrie bare him 〈◊〉 manie of them to ciuilitie he was little giuen to sléepe and ease in the night for he â—â—eldome kept his bed aboue six houres if he were in heâ—â—th neither after â—e arose would he take in the daie time anie line 20 kind of repose He would in his iournies wearie and laie vp most of his companie nothing offended him more than ingratitude in his dealings his word was his worst sociable he was with his assistants he had an intention to haue erected certeine nurseries of learning his seruice was subiect to the eare and not to the eie whereby his vertues manie times were suppressed he was deputie of Ireland and president of Wales both at one time This noble knight graue councellor complet gentleman and most woorthie and rarâ— subiect departed line 30 this life at the bishops palace at Worcester the fift daie of Maie in the yeare of our Lord 1586 being fiftie and seauen yeares old complet wanting onelie one moneth and fiftéene daies about foure of the clocke in the morning after he had continued seuen daies sicke of a kind of cold palseie as the physicians decréed of the disease which happened vnto him as it was of mâ—nie said and of mo thought by reason of an eâ—treâ—e cold he tooke vpon the water in his passage line 40 and remooue by barge betwéene Bewdlie and Worcester not long after he had béene purged and his bodâ—e not fullie setled but his pores remaining still â—â—en as it is most like by reasâ—n of an extraordinarie loosenes which consequentlie followed the taking of his physicke and could not be stopped hauâ—ng then beene lord president of hir maiesties councell established in the dominion and principalitie of Wales six and twentie years complet without anie change or alteration or absolute transferring the line 50 roome or authoritie to anie other in the meane time for whose death there was great mone and lamentation As for his bodie by easie iourneies and short remooues it was conueied from Worcester to his house at Penshurst in Kent verie honourablie and well attended with great traine ceremonie and all other things apperteining to funerall order honor and solemnitie where he was honorablie interred the one and twentith daie of Iune following He was before imbowelled his intrals buried in the deans line 60 chapell in the cathedrall church at Worcester his heart brought to Ludlow buried in the toome with his deere beloued daughter Ambrosia in the little oratorie he made in the semicollegiat parish church there wherein he erected this monument The ninth daie of August next following died the most noble worthie beneficent and bountious ladie the ladie Marie Sidneie his onelie spouse and most déere wife who was eldest daughter vnto that renowmed duke Iohn late of Northumberland and sister to the right honorable and most worthie the erls of Warwike and Leicester most zealouslie godlie and penitentlie as by the testimonie of some honorable and other graue personages is well auouched and was intoâ—â—ed at Penshurst in the sâ—me toome with hir dâ—â—re and honorable husband During the whole course of hir sicknesse and speciallie a little before it pleased almigâ—tie God to call hir â—ense to his mercie she vsed such godlie 〈◊〉 earnest and effectuall persuasions to all those about hir and vnto such others as came of freendlie courtesie to visit â—ir to exhort them to repentance and amendment of life and dehort them from all sinne and lewdnesse as wounded the consciences and inwardlie pearsed the hearts of manie that heard hir They left behind them yet liuing most déere pledges noble and woâ—thie resemblances descended of them thâ—ee sonnes all forward martiall and valoâ—ous gentlemen and one onelie daughter matched in mariage vnto the right honorable Henrie earle of Penbroke whome God hath alreadie blessed with goodlie rare and towardlie issue sir Philip Sidneie his sonne heire Ad 〈◊〉 â—ereditas glori◠〈◊〉 imâ—tatiâ— pertâ—â—et a gentleman of great hope and excéeding eâ—pectation indowed with manie rare gifts singular vertues and other ornaments both of mind and bodie one generallie belooued and estéemed of all men who matched in mariage with the daughter and heire of sir Francis Walsingham knight hir maiesties principall
dealing of the Londoners to the hurt of the coÌ„mon-welth Ouid. lib. 8. Meta. fab 11. A parlement Matth. Paris Hurtred a messenger froÌ„ the pope The Welshmen spoile Penbrokeshire Uariance betwixt the earle of Penbroke and others The archbishop of Yorke depriued of his crosse Mansuetus the popes Nuncio The parlemeÌ„t proroged A late growth I dearth accompanied with a death Seuall archb of Yorke departeth this life Matth. Paris The kings halfe brethren Insanum parliamentum The demand of the lords Ordinances made An oth exacted of the king The earle of Leicester threatneth the earle of Penbroke The kings halfe brethren shift awaie They depart the Realme Henrie MoÌ„tfort pursueth the kings haâ— brethren They sent to the French â— Richard Gray capteine of Douer castell and lord warden of the ports Matt. VVest Foure and twentie gouernours The abuses of those gouernours M. Pal. in Virg. Fabian Contention betwixt the earles of Leicester and Glocester The lords come to the Guildhall to haue their ordinances confirmed A proclamation against purueâ—ers A parlement The iustices sit at S· Sauiours Bailiffes and other officers punished Bakers punished Matth. Paris The Poictouins suspected to haue poisoned the English lords Walter Scotonie arreigned and condemned He suffereth A late haruest Dearth of corne increaseth Fasts processions vsed Richard Gray lord warden of the ports Erlotus the popes Nuncio returneth houie Matth. Paris The lord of Kedwellie slaine Matth. Paris Matth. Paris not well affected towards the gouernement of the realme as it then stood Godfrey de Kinton archbishop of Canturburie An ordinance against extortion Anno Reg. Ambassadors sent to the councell at Cambrey Ione countesse of Penbroke A great tempest of lightning and thunder Guy de Rochford banished Uariance and debat betwixt the studeÌ„ts 〈◊〉 Oxford The Welshmen seeke to agreé with the king Henrie de Wingham elected bishop of Winchester Ambassadors sent to the K. of Almaine His protestation to their demand He changeth his purpose and commeth ouer into England He receiueth an oth not to infringe the statutes of Oxford A parlement A peace concluded vpon betwixt the kinges of England France The countesse of Leicester Contention betwixt the earles of Glocester and Leicester The friers preachers begin to inhabit at Dunstable The moonks hindred by the the comming of the friers Richard Gray discharged of his office of lord warden Walascho a frier sent from the pope The bishop of Bangor sent froÌ„ the prince of Wales to king Henrie The welshmen offer to resort vnto Chester Anno Reg. 44. I parlement The statutes of Oxenford read and the breakers of the same denounced accurssed Escuage granted Knights feés how manie were then in England Fabian I folkemote The king asketh licence to passe the seas Matth. West The king saileth ouer into France He compoundeth all differences with the French k. Polydor. N. Triuet Wil. Risang Matt. VVest Dissention betwixt prince Edward and the earle of Glocester Prince Edward and the earle of Glocâ—ster are not suffered to come within the citie of London The king returneth into England The earle of Glocester confederateth 〈◊〉 selfe with the earle of Leicester Chr. Dunstab Matth. West A Iew at Teukesburie falleth into a iakes Matt. Westm. Death of Noble men Bach rather Matth. West Anno. Reg. 45. The king of Scots commeth to London Matt. West Chro. Dun. Fabian A folkemote holden at Pauls crosse An oth to be true to the king The lord Spenser discharged of his office Anno Reg. 46. The presumptuous procéedings of the baroÌ„s against the king I bull read at Pauls crosse Matth. West Many gouernors pernicious to a common-wealth The king of Almaine goeth ouer into Germanie Fabian The king hauing licence passeth ouer into France He falleth sick of a feuer quartane Chro. Dun. Death of noble men The earle of Glocester departeth this life Anno Reg. 47. Iewes slaine Matth. Westm. The Welshmen warre against the lord Mortimers tenants He séeketh his reuenge against them Fabian Thames frosen Uariance betwixt the citizens of LoÌ„don and the constable of the towre Matth. West Prince Edward goeth against the Welshmen The archb of Canturburie goeth to Rome Fabian The lord maior of London sworne to be true to the king Cloked malice bursteth out The barons raise people The lord Clifford Chron. Dun. Prince Edward taketh monie out of the treasurie of the temple Mars lib. 11. Hor. lib. car 3. ode 24. The Londoners rob the house of the lord Gray Iohn MaÌ„sell fléeth into France The baronâ— that rosâ— against the king Their chéefe capteins The baronâ— that tooke part with the king Risanger noteth this to be 1264. The barons make hauocâ— The diligence oâ— the lord maiâ—r of London The misdemeanor of lewd persons towards the quéene Chron. Dunst. Manh. West Chron. Dunst. Bishops trauell to make peace Strangers kéepe the castell of Windsore The great disorder in the citie of London Abington Nic. Treuer A parlement Abingâ—on The kings protestation against the articles at Oxeniord The matter put to the French king The French king giueth sentence against the barons Anno Reg. 4 8. Matth. Wesâ—m The lords that reuolted to the king Chron. Dun. Abington The king goeth again ouer to the French king Fabian Nic. Triueâ— Castels gotten by prince Edward Worcester taken Matth. Weâ—â— The citie of Glocester 〈◊〉 couered and put to finâ— The coÌ„moners of the citie of London agree with the barons R. Fabiaâ— The manor 〈◊〉 Thistleworth spoiled The chéefâ— cause that 〈◊〉 the K. of â—â—maine so 〈◊〉 against the barons The lords that followâ—â— the king Northamptâ—â— taken by 〈◊〉 Scholers fight against the king Some write that Iohn de Balioll and Robert de Bruis and Peter de Bruis came to him here and not before Matt. West The castell of Turburie defaced The castell of Warwike taken The castell of Warwike raced The Iewes are killed Rochester besieged N. Triueâ— Matth. West The kings halfe brethren come out of France to his aid The king incampeth at Lewes The barons send a letter to the king The answer to yâ— barons He defieth them Matth. West N. Triuet The ordering of the battels The battels ioine Chron. Dunst. Prince Edward pursueth the Londoners The kings part put to the worse Matt. Westm. Nic. Triuer Matth. Paris Seuen hundred hath Abington Prince Edward commeth backe to his father Friâ—rs suborned to treat a peace An agréement taken Matth. West Polydor. Matth. Westâ— Lords taâ—â—â— on the kings side Fabian N. Triueâ— Matth. Wesâ— Peace proclaimed A new 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Matth. West N. Triuet The Londoners spoiled at Croidon Matt. West The earle of Darbie commeth to Chester with 20 thousand men The lords Mortimer and Audeliâ— banished An armie lodged on Barham-downe Matth. West Chr. Dunstab Abington Prince Edward escapeth awaie Matth. West The earle of Leicesters sonne raiseth an armie He wan Winchester The armie of the earle of Leicesters sonne is discomfited N. Triuet The castell of Monmouth taken The battell of Euesham Polydor. The
thrée actuall rebellions He reuiued and put in execution the lawes for the abolishing of coine and liuerie He deuised the planting of presidents in the remoter prouinces He deuised the lawes for the distribution of the Irish couÌ„tries into shire ground He increased the reuenues ten thousand pounds yerlie His buildings fortifications and other necessarie works for the benefit and good of the countrie He built conuenient rooms for the kéeping and preseruation of the records which before were neglected He caused thâ— statutes of Ireland to bâ— imprinted which neuer before were published He procured some Englishmen to be sent ouer for the better administration of iustice A great fuâ—therer of all publike works The great loue he got him in all plâ—â—ces where he serued His carefulnesse in the seruice of the state Uerie expert and able he was of a bad clerke in time to frame a good secretarie Of great facilitie in dispatch of common causes A great desire to doo for all men A tender father to his children and a louing master to his seruants Solâ—â—ario homini atque in agro vitam agenti opinio iustitiae necessaria est He was intirelie beloued of the officers of hir maiesties houshold He was dubbed knight the same daie sir William Cecill was He died at the bishops palace 〈◊〉 Worcester His death greatlie bemoned His corps was buried at Penshurst The time of my ladie Sidneis death Sir Philip sir Robert and maister Thomas Sidneis Marie countesse of Penbroke William lord Herbert of Cardiffe The commendation of sir Philip Sidneie Lord gouernor oâ— Uâ—â—ssingen commonlie called Flâ—â—shing He surpriseâ— Arell in Flanders He drowned the countrie by making 〈◊〉 entrie into thâ— sea No resistance made by Mondragon Grauelin His hurt at the incounter néere Zutphen The daie of the death of sir Philip Sidneie Omnis virtus nos ad se allicit facÃtque vt diligamus eos in quibus inesse videatur tamen iusticia liberalitas id maximè efficit Thomas Louelace condigâ—liâ— punished by iudgement of the honorable court in the Star-chamber for counterfeiting of letters c. I. S. Henrie Ramelius ambassador out of Denmarke The Danish ambassador honorablie interteined The maiestie of the English court Heuenlie musike in the queens chapell The ambassador of Denmarke seeth the roiall seruice of the quéene of England Recreations and disports for prince and people This Crosbie â—as a knight 〈◊〉 his gift to 〈◊〉 of â—ondon pag. â—â— â—50 The ambasâ—â—dor deparâ—â—th home toâ—ards Denâ—arke â—ord Edâ—ard earle of Rutland ambassador into Scotland The quéenes maiestie hath speciall care of christian religion to be preserued and propagated â— league betweene England and Scotland confirmed Sée more of this ambassage in the historie of Scotland pag. 456. 〈…〉 The horrible conspiracie of â—abington â—ther his 〈◊〉 traitors 〈◊〉 sâ—oursed by â— F. Sir Wolstan Dixie lord maior of London Anthonie Ratcliffe and Henrie Prannell shiriffes Sir Francis Drake his turne into England 〈◊〉 his last 〈◊〉 finished Hispaniola in old time called Ophir The returne of sir Francis Drake into England with great riches c. Manie voiages of great difficultie haue beene vndertaken but failed in the issue Traitors indicted arreigned and condemned at Westminster I. S. The first seuen condemned without anie iurie The effect of the last seuen their tresons notable The place of their execution was sometime the méeting place of their consultation The order of the traitors executed Iohn Ballard preest persuader of Babington to these odious treasons executed How Ballard was affected at his death Ballards sophisticall asking of the queens maiestie forgiuenesse Anthonie Babington esquier executed A note of Babingtons pride at the verie instant of his execution Iohn Sauage gentleman executed The fruites that issue from listening to the counsell of Iesuits Romanists and Rhemists Robert Barnewell gentleman executed Chidiocke Tichborne esquire executed Charls Tilneie a pensioner executed Edward Abington esquier executed his thretning spéech Throgmortons prophesie and Abingtons of like truth in euent Thomas Salisburie esquier executed The last seuen traitors executed with great fauour Salisburie acknowledgeth his greeuous offense a note of repentance Uiolence forbidden by Salisburie Henrie Dun gentleman executed The ambitious humour of Henrie Dun. Edward Iones esquier executed Forren inuasion reproued by Iones Iohn Trauers Iohn Charnocke gentlemen executed Robert Gage executed Hir maiesties gratiousnesse commended by this traitor Hypocrisie of Robert Gage Ierom Bellamie gentleman executed One of the Bellamies hanged himselfe in the Tower Ex libello I. Nich. typis C.B. excuso 1581. Sée be fore pag 1357 a 60 c. 1358 v 60 c. The causes that haue so long hindered king Philip to inuade England The reuerend regard that subiects ought to haue of their souereignes c. A gentleman iudged to die because he once thought to haue killed his prince A seuere law against treason A woman tratoresse well rewarded Against séeking after nouelties and to teach men to be well aduised c. Extreame kinds of torments in other countries for treason c. Traitors iustlie rewarded and yet nothing so as they deserue A prettie apolog allusorie to the present case of malcontents Seldome commeth the better Barnardino de Mendoza alwaies mischéefouslie minded against the state of England note his practises with Ballard The Scotish quéene is an actor in this purposed conspiracie Iohn Sauage had vowed and sworne to kill the quéene Babington vndertaketh the managing of the whole action note their tresons The Scotish quéene writeth vnto Babington in cipher with his aduise direction and request The Scotish quéenes aduise in this mischiefous plot fauoring altogither of inhumanitie Six gentlemen of resolution c. Ballard apprehended being readie to be imbarked and transported ouersea The conspirators disguised themselues thinking by that meane to shift the matter Magna est veritas praeualet How the popish catholiks are affected to the Scotish queene What the fugitiue diuines must doo for their parts Iu nefariam Babingtoni caeterorumque coniurationem hexastichon Sir Philip Sidneie slaine at Zutphen in Gelderland of whome sée more pag. 1554. Seminarie préests executed at Tiborn A tempestuous wind in October terrible and hurtfull The accidents noteworthie by meanes of this blustering wind A strange accident of a walnut trée blowne downe with the wind c. The third strange chance Ludgate of London newlie builded Parlement at Westminster Anno Reg. 29. The earle of Leicester returned from the low countries and arriued in England In reditum magnanimi herois Roberti Comitis Lecestrij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 gratulatorium T. N. The parlement proroged line 30 The danger of the ouerthrow of the true religion The perill of the state of the realme The sentence giuen against the Scotish queene solemnlie proclamed An abridgment of the orders deuised for the reléefe of the poore in this time of dearth c. Starch F. T. Anonymall or namelesse chronicles treating wholie or in part of England The conclusion