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A39821 The manners of the Israelites in three parts. I Of the patriarchs. 2. Of the Israelites after their coming out of Egypt until the captivity of Babylon. 3 Of the Jews after their return from the captivity until the preaching of the Gospel. Shewing their customs secular and religious, their generous contempt of earthly grandeur. And the great benefit and advantage of a plain laborious, frugal, and contented life.; Moeurs des IsraƩlites. English Fleury, Claude, 1640-1723. 1683 (1683) Wing F1364A; ESTC R218945 81,805 250

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War and Peace and likewise with true Policy But from whence comes this Contempt 'T is requisite to discover it's true source It only proceeds from the Customes and ancient Manners of our Nation The Franks and other German People lived in Countries covered with Woods where they had neither Corn nor Wine nor good Fruits Thus they were forc'd to live on Hunting as the Salvages of the Northern parts of America do at this Day But having passed the Rhine and setled themselves in better Territories they were willing to take advantage of the conveniencies of Agriculture Arts and Commerce but they were loath to take the pains necessary thereunto They left those Occupations to the Romans whom they for their own parts had subdued and remained in their primitive Ignorance which at length they took a pride in and fixed to it an Idea of Nobility which we can hardly rid our selves of But as much as they debased Agriculture so much they extoll'd Hunting which the Ancients had a much less Value for They have made a great Art of it and improv'd it with all manner of artifice they have neither spared pains nor Cost in it and have made it one of the most general Professions of their Nobility Yet to consider things in themselves The labour which tends to the Cultivating of Lands and to the breeding of Domestique Animals is assuredly as much to be valued as that which only makes to the taking of wild Beasts of ten times at the expence of cultivated Lands The moderate exercise of a man who looks to a great Farm is without question as beneficial as the violent and uneven exercise of the Hunter and Oxen and Sheep are Creatures at least as useful to life as Dogs and Horses So that we may doubt if our manners be more Rational in this point than those of the Ancients Besides not only the Greeks and Romans honoured Agriculture as well as the Hebrews The Carthaginians too Phenicians originally made a mighty study of it as appears by the Eight and twenty Books which Magon wrote upon that Argument The Egyptians honour'd it to that degree as to adore those living Creatures which were made use of in the Management of this Affair In the greatest Power of the Persians they had in each province Superintendants to look to the Tillage of Lands and Cyrus the younger took delight to planting and cultivating a Garden with his own hands As for the Chaldeans we cannot doubt but they were great Husband-men if we consider the fertility of the Plains of Babylon which brought forth two or three hundred Grains for one In Short the History of China tells us that Agriculture was there likewise very much in vogue in their best and most Ancient times It was only the Conquests of the Northern People which have caused the Country Labourer to be slighted through the whole World Let us then lay aside those low and scurvy Ideas which we have taken up from our Infancy Instead of our Villages where we see on one side Halls and Houses of Pleasure and on the other Miserable Cottages let us figure to our selves those great Farms which the Romans called Villas that comprehended the Masters house the outward Court the Barns the Stables and the Lodgings for Slaves all these in symmetry well built well lookt after and very neat Descriptions hereof may be seen in Varro and Columella Those Slaves were for the most part much more happy than our Peasants well fed well cloath'd without any care of their Wives and Children The Masters notwithstanding they were Farmers Lived more at their ease than our Gentlemen In Xenophon you see a Citizen of Athens early in the Morning a walking in his Lands and visiting his workmen Labouring the same time for his health by the Exercise of his Body and for the encrease of his Estate by his Industry in it's improvement Insomuch as he was rich enough to contribute to his Religion to the Service of the State and to his Friends Cicero speaks of Several Husbandmen in Sicily so rich and so Magnificent that their Houses were adorned with Statues of great price and they made use of Vessels of Silver and Gold curiously wrought Finally we must acknowledge that as long as the most rich of each Country have not disdained this Profession which of all is the most Ancient their lives were much more happy because they were more Natural They lived much Longer and in better Health they had Bodies more adapted to the Fatigues of War and of Voyages and their Wits were more solid and more serious Being less idle the time was less irksome to 'em and they did not make it so much their cue to tast of Pleasures Labour rendring them sensible of the least divertisement They thought less of what is evil and had less Interest to do it For their plain and frugal life gave no occasion for great Expences or great Debts And consequently there were not so many Law suits nor Destructions of Families not so many frauds and violences nor so much of every Crime that imaginary or real Beggary causes those to commit who neither can nor will Work The worst is the Examples of the Rich and Noble hurries away all others and is the occasion that all those who fancy ' emselves situated above the dregs of the People are asham'd to work especially in Lands This is the cause of so many efforts to subsist by industry this is what makes us daily invent new artifices for the passage of money from one Purse to another How innocent all these same forced ways of Living are God knows For the most part they are at least very brittle and uncertain whereas the Earth will ever nourish those who cultivate it if others deprive them not of what it bestows The Israelites only sought their subsistance in the most natural Goods Lands and Cattle from whence all must necessarily be drawn that makes men rich by the Manufactures of Merchandise the Rents or Commerce of money CAP. III. The quality of the Holy Land and it's Fruitfulness THeir Land was that Land promised to the Patriarchs whereof the Scripture so often say's that it Flowed with Milk and Hony to denote it's great Fertility This Country which is so hot in comparison of ours is very far in the Temperate Zone between the 31 and the 33 degree of Latitude It is bounded on the South by great Mountains which put a stop to the burning air of the Desarts of Arabia and they continue very far to the East as well as those Desarts The Mediterranean Sea which bounds it on the West sends thither refreshing breezes And mount Libanus seems to have been plac'd more towards the North to make the Colder blasts keep their due distance The Midland Sea it is what the Scripture usually calls the great Sea for the Hebrews were little acquainted with the Ocean and so they gave the name of Sea to Lakes and to