following within a worde howbeit they bee moste proper in the ende thereof whether it require a stroake or not to beginne the same as in these wordes And the fourth and last sorte bee these eight Letters the 2 5 6 c 3 h 2 o 2 p 9 r and 3 w are excepted these three also the 5 m n and u when each one of them is written with diverse strikes and these two the 2 and 3 g when each one of them is written with one strike because the Penne must bee also lifted after the casting of each one of them to the casting of anie Letter following whether it requireth a strike or not And albeeit neyther these 13 Letters in the whole before mentioned nor these nine the 3 4 5 o 8 9 single v 4 5 6 and 7 w nor yet the 3 p when it is written with two stroakes hath anie passage to other Letters which can anie wise belong unto them by the right of shape as may bee seene to enlacke in each one of these sortes as they stand heere alone and that because each one of them endeth with a closed conclusion except the three Minum letters yet as they occurre in wordes they finde out and haue some passage wherein the Penne resorteth amongst themselues as they meete againe in words though it bee somewhat lifted after the casting of the foresaid 8 but most after the h t and sorts of g and also it goeth from any of them to whatsoever others which haue anâ—e entres and that either upon or a little under the high square and no wise to bee lifted after the casting of any of the remnant heere expressed but to arise either from off the same square or goe endlongs thereon either to any of themselues as they obviat others againe or to whatsoever others which require such a beginning whether having heads or wanting them for although all Letters joyne not together on both the sides yet usuallie either the formost side of everie one of them is joyned to the hindermost side of the letter precceding the same if it bee not the first of a worde or else the last side thereof to the letter following if it be not the last of a word Or to be short each letter must be joined unto another either before after or both and if any be exeemed or excepted from this Rule Exception for in this point it is both it must be chiefelie the said 2 3 and 6 s before reserved the 5 and 6 e in the Alphabet and the 2 o heere expressed and for thy better consideration of the particulars of this exception thou hast these Exemples which doe containe some of the letters heere specified wherein the way of the penne may bee easilie perceived THE CONSTRVCTIONS Of Faire VVriting Or right contriving setting and ordering of Letters in Fayre Writ Beginning first heere at the placing of Letters rightlie in Syllables and then proceeding from Syllables to Wordes and last from Wordes to Sentences SECT II. CONCERNING SYLLABLES A Sillable is the pronouncing of one or moe Letters joyned with one breath Seeing Sillables are composed of Single or Double letters the matter heere to bee treated is the right making up of Sillables with Letters or right placing of Letters in Sillables A Sillable may admitte anie one or moe of the Single and inseparable Double Leters or any one of the 5 separable double which follow to be spoken off to wit the 5 6 8 9 e being Diphthongs and the 5 n as the nature thereof requireth sometimes though two letters belong to a sillable one is expressed onlie another understoode and a little rowme left voyde for the same with a crooked dash made like a Comma set over it which is used in Poesies for the Verse cause as in the last Sillables of these words And so if thou canst spell or syllabe well and place the Letters rightlie which follow hereafter that is as they are directed to bee thou needst neither to make up Sillables of wrong Letters by nature or sound nor place Letters wrong in Sillables by a disagreeable proportion Let no Sillable accept of a Single v in place of a Double w as in these wordes nor a Double w in place of a Single as in these wordes but place each one in its owne rowme both conforme to the nature of the worde wherein it standeth and to the sound of the Sillable whereof it is a part which Sillable sometimes requireth a whole or full voyce as in the first Sillable of each one of the first wordes when they are rightlie set as thus and sometimes a halfe or at least not altogether so full as in the first Sillable of each one of the last words being also rightlie Sillabed Let anie beginning and middle Sillable of whatsoever English word wherein there is diverse Sillables receiue a vowell u in the midst as also in the ending except sometimes when anie of these 3 other vowels a e or o doeth preceede then there requireth a Double w and anie ending Sillable in the midst only that is anie part within the border Letters thereof and not aye the precise middle letter of the same but neither any ending Sillable of a worde in the beginning nor ending nor yet anie beginning nor middle Sillable in the beginning except some consonant either immediatlie follow or that there be no moe letters in that Sillable and so the beginning midst ensding thereof consisting all in one the proofe of sundry wherof may be perceived in some Sillables of these words A Sillable must neither receiue a Single Consonant v in the midst nor ending but alwayes in the beginning as in the latter Sillables of these words Let anie Sillable in the ending which concludeth with anie of these two Letters m and n haue them rather written short than long that is rather abreviated leaving some letters to the consideration of the Reader than at length by expressing of them all but chiefelie when that Sillable consisteth of Minum Letters because in this Character these Letters will be so much the more legeable in anie word wherein they stand as in these two But indeede two breviations are neither seemelie nor legeable in Sillables of one word and although I haue set a Double mm in the Alphabet yet it ought rather to bee written in Great and second sort of Set Writ where abreviations bee seldome used than in Small and Current Writ where they oftentimes occur Let no beginning nor middle Sillable within a worde where there is diverse Sillables rereiue a whole separable Double Letter but bee severed in twaine for two Sillables together that is one Double making two Single in sillabication the one whereof to be the last of the first Sillable and the other to be the first of the last Sillable and seldome anie manner of way either before or after a conscnant as may bee easilie noted by such letters in any of these words the right practise of
great Alphabet or else where shewing so manie as bee both conjoyned and framed together of one fashion though of diverse Names and beginne proceede and conclude nearest after one manner first ranked conjunctlie or together and then severallie that is each one with the owne Rule by it selfe declaring the true progresse and course of the Pen therein 121. Likewise two Verses or Lines of Writ conforme to the saide briefe Alphabet 113 with a Prologue 109 Epilogue 116. All of them for the use of all Learners but chiefelie of such as would fayne learne the common forme of Writ suddenlie leaving all others unto those who may spare longer time and take greater paynes Seaventhlie an Narration demonstrating â—owe manie strikes may suffice to cast each Single and Double Letter before the Penne be â—aken off the paper 136. And eightly many of the Rules of perfection in Fayre Writing each one whereof proved by â—n Exemple which treate of the right prâ—t ortioning measuring and situating of Singâ—e and inseparable Double Letters and conjoyning thereof within wordes 144. As for the three other Sections they are indivisible and doe containe the remnant Rules of perfection which againe doe comprehende the Constructions of Fayre Writing or the right contriving setting and ordering of Letters within Syllables 161. Wordes 167. and Sentences or Lines of Fayre Writ 170. and that even to the ende Further the Speciall part of this Booke contayneth a Generall preface unto all the foure Sections thereof and the fore-named Contentes of the same 45. And last the Conclusion treating somewhat of punctes and accentes as also Abreviations and of the Effayres and Writs wherein they bee most used and that in the ende 176. CAVSES THe causes of Writing as of other things be foure the Efficient Materiall Formall and Finall but more Metaphoricke than proper The Efficient causes are two-folde Principall and instrumentall or Immediate and Mediate the Principall Efficient is the Writer because he under GOD is the speciall agent or user of the meanes as well in applying each one to its owne use as by concurring and cooperating with them in doing of the action The Instrumentall Efficients are likewise two fold living and deade the living Instrumentes bee Members of the Writer his Bodie as the Hand Thombe and Fingers and the dead or rather not living because it may be alleadged that anie thing which never lived can be said to be dead is the pen onlie And whereas I omit and exeeme the Arme which hath the Hand and Fingers depending thereon c and Pen-Knife which is the Instrumentall Efficient of the Pen I doe neither of them wrong seeing it is but the nearest causes which â—ertaine most unto this purpose for it were â—oth needlesse and impertinent to extende the â—auses of Writing farther than neede requireth And while as the Hand Thombe and Fingers are not alwayes the Instrumentall Efficients seeing some will Write with their Feete and Toes yea with their Teeth also It is not anie such accidentall and extraordinarie practises that I promised to speake of because they are both tedious and needlesse for if those persons were not maimed oâ— else too curious they would not exerce them and whatsoever other Members they employ thereanent doe but supplie the place of the former which bee the proper Instrumentall Efficients of the action The Materiall cause of Writing or of Letters written materiallie that is without signification is the Inke for as the paper is the subject whereon so the Inke is the matter whereof and so whether it bee a common and cheape Liquor of whatsoever colour demonstrating the true lineaments and pathes of the pen as it proceedeth foorth thereof in framing of Letters or a rare and sumptuous Liquor as liquid Golde or Silver all doe consist alike of matter or substance though otherwayes they bee not equivalent but discrepant in valour for all become drie alike soone and none of them remaineth liquid more than another but indeede if thou wilt looke to the inhesion or penetration of Letters in the subject the same is rather accidentall than substantiall The formall cause of Writing is the externall shape of the Letter whether it be perfectly or imperfectly proportioned for albeit by the decent proportion of everie Letter appeareth the beautie of all the writ yet sometimes by the custome of right reading the Sense of Words may be understood though the Letters be imperfectlie written but wee should no more presume heereby to doe anie thing in a wrong manner that it may be right than to doe evill that good may proceede thereof And the finall cause of Writing is the former signifying of articulate voyce whereby the thoughts of the minde are interpreted and the demonstrating of the minde without the voyce for as Aristotle teacheth Writs or Letters are the Symboles of Voyces or Wordes howsoever it may bee thought that the Voyce beeing invisible cannot bee represented by anie externall Signe the Voyces Symboles of the Conceptions of the Minde and the Conceptions of the Minde Images of thinges which bee outwith the Minde and that both of Divine Writs and Humane Of Divine VVrits it pleased the ALMIGHTIE by the meane and ambassage of VVriting to manifest His blessed VVill to the VVorlde in all Ages but chiefelie and in greatest measure nowe in these last Ages concerning His owne Glorie and Mans Salvation which if thou wouldest knowe as thou oughtest indeede because they are the two chiefe endes wherefore it pleased Him to giue thee breath and bring thee unto this VVorlde for all other thine Errandes are but as so manie parentizes which will bee verie soone closed after thou thy selfe art closed in the Graue whereas these will accompanie thee and goe with thee to the Heavens thou must with assistance of his Holie Spirite search the Holie Scriptures and there the VVrits or Letters will bee as Signes leading thee to the gracious VVordes which did proceede foorth of His Sacred Mouth there anent to speake so and the wordes will leade thee to the conceptions and notions which were in His Blessed Minde and the conceptions as Symboles will viuelie represent unto thy minde those thinges which thou knewest not of before And of Humane VVrits that is betwixt man and man when one is astricted to performe anie point of duetie unto another by VVrit because wordes are no sooner uttered but they evanish in the Aire except eyther VVitnesses bee present or the partie all the more trustie the VVrits will signifie the words which hee spake the wordes will interprete the conceptions of his minde except dissimulation which nowe aboundeth hath made discrepance and the conceptions of his minde wordes of his mouth and subscription of his hand will tie and oblish him to performe those thinges which hee promised and under-tooke to accomplish and that eyther in whole or in parte according to his power otherwise if there were no Writing nowe I suspect there woulde bee little good order in anie common wealth or
must fall if it want the Subject whereunto it leaneth For as Writing is the Subject of Reading so it is the Object also to the person that readeth Againe doeth not Naturall Reason proue that Writing is older than Reading how little soever it bee For no Writ can be read before it be written I meane not by the internall consideration thereof but by the externall action and it were needlesse to write anie thing but that which may bee read by some eyther in private or publicke Moreover right Writing surmatcheth perfect Reading as farre as Doing surmatcheth Saying I meane in Civile attemptes and equalitie of goodnesse for it is farre easier to speake a VVord than to doe an Action or to expone what a thing meaneth beeing latelie past than to propone the overture thereof before it was imagined And so though they bee not different in nature yet there is no comparison betwixt them in excellencie For if it bee replied that the VVorde of GOD may bee read and furnish comfort unto the reader thereof it may bee answered that it could not bee read were not praysed bee GOD it is so graciouslie writteâ— It resteth onelie in this place that I should define the aâ—ore-named Symboles of the Voyce before I proceede but I thinke it more convenient as each one is set downe severallie in its owne place It is true they are defined alreadie in the Latine Grammar yet because I am with Gods grace to insist in them particularlie I cannot without reprehension speake largelie of anie thing except first I declare what it is for perhaps manie will peruse this Booke who never learned Latine nor knewe the use of the Grammar thereof and so because it were a foolish illusion to sende such to seeke an unknowne errand in an unknowne part I meane unto them the definitions of the former signes cannot bee pretermitted nor passed by And therefore I begin and proceede hencefoorth as they giue occasion of matter but it behoveth mee to speake most largelie of Letters beeing the chiefest sort because all the other three depende thereon and then so much of the rest as maketh for mee in the illustration and manifestation of the deepnesse and secrecie of the matter And whereas the Section of Letters is not onelie farre greater than all the other three but almost filleth up as much of this Volume as all the remnant Contentes therein it is not done without cause for this whole Arte consisteth of Letters because the Subject it selfe is Letters and what is written beside Letters proceedeth of Letters at least by occasion thereof even as the three â—ast parteâ— of the Latine Grammar proceede of the first and therefore is it not as large alone as al the other three THE PARTICVLAR RVLES OF INFORMATION Sect. I. CONCERNING LETTERS The Preambles and Introduction to Letters A Letter is a simple voyce meete either to represent or to bee a part of the literall signification of one or moe written words The maine and principall scope of this Speciall part is the aiming at the Alphabet like as it will shew it selfe anone containing all usuall Single and Double Letters belonging unto the Secretarie Character but albeit thou haue once all enrolled together for the Rules cause of Numeration and Division yet if thou intendest not to teach others but learne for thine owne use I haue heere also prepared for thee an easier and brieffer Rew comprehending the most usuall and necessarie Letters thereof and two Verses conforme thereunto with ten compendious Preceptes directing howe to followe the same all collected and composed together in forme of Abridgement which if thou diligentlie haunt and in anie reasonable measure resemble although thou knewest no more in writing saue some of the most necessarie Rules of Preparation it may suffice to further thee in thine Effaires But not to write at all is both shame and Skaithe Shame for two causes first because whosoever seeth that thou canst not write knoweth thee to bee ignorant of all kinde of Learning and why because Writing is the Key or beginning of all Learning and if thou want the Key or beginning of a thing howe canst thou haue entrance thereunto or begin the same for God hath put farre moe differences blessed bee Hee betwixt a Man and a Beast than Reason and Speach And secondlie it is shame both to employ a Notar to subscribe for thee in anie Securitie and to want that good Token of Education which perhaps thine Inferiour hath for wheresoever anie Man of Honest Ranke resorteth who cannot write chiefelie where hee is not knowne he is incontinent esteemed either to bee base borne or to haue beene basely brought up in a base or Moore-land Desert that is farre from any Citie where there bee Schooles of Learning Discipline Policie and Civilitie And skaith not only in attending paying a Notar for the former cause and in neglecting thy urgent businesse through want thereof chiefely which concerneth Compts Messives but in discovering and revealing both of thy minde and estate unto these whom thou employest thereanent And though at that time they conciliate friendship and bee sociall with thee yet it is incident often times as there is little soliditie here in things beneath that a friende to night will become an enemie to morrowe and so publish of thee what hee knoweth and suppose constancie doe even continue thou wilt stand in awe both to say and doe before him as thou wouldest because a great part of thy secrecie lyeth on the tongue of thy Secretarie and perhaps sleepeth as unsoundly there as on the Top-Mast of a Ship in a stormie night Therefore if thou be such a one whether the negligence hath beene in thy Parents Friends or in thy selfe striue thou yet to amende the same if thine age bee within 40. yeares whether thou canst reade or not because the dint thereof now striketh on thee for some aboue that age haue learned to write that never of before knewe a Letter no not of Print let bee of Writ but such as they had latelie learned of their owne Domestickes as it is both better and more commendable to learne late nor never and of Inferiours rather than want the benefite thereof altogether but immediatelie after they haue learned somewhat to reade they haue begun also to write and then in short time haue known how to reade other Mens writ by the like Letters in their owne writ and so haue proceeded from one Degree to another till they both could write and reade Comptes and Messiues sufficientlie for oftentimes one that wanteth all neglecteth all and those who haue some beginning of a thing seeke to a farther growth thereof there would bee no Harvest if there were no Seede-time and if a Merchand would never use Merchandize hencefoorth untill hee got a great Summe wherof to make his Stocke there would bee scarcelie one then for tenne now So how ignorant soever thou bee if thou canst apprehende thine owne wantes and
Letters commonlie doe The Letters which bee straight downe remaining still are the 2 f and s straight downe returning up as the 5 p and 3 q and compassed about as the 4 h and 2 y. But the tayles of these foure the 3 g 4 x 5 y and 4 z require not onelie to bee lower or farther under the low Score but wider compassed than anie of these which obserue the Rule and the tayles of these fiue the 4 g 3 4 p 4 q and 6 y to bee shorter or not so lowe as anie of those which come within the reach of the Rule Let none of the compassed tayles of these seaven letters the 4 5 h 2 x 2 4 y and 2 3 z be anie farther foorth under the low square than the foremost parte of each one of them whch is betwixt the scores to the effect the higher and lower part thereof beeing not only alike foorth both up an downe a small strike or lineament of the penne may goe directlie up both for the causes of greater speede and better conjoyning from the tayle of anie of them as they occurre and that to the next Letter following within that worde if there bee anie and require such a to-comming but likewise each one of them may so holde it selfe within its owne bounds as that the quantitie thereof may doe no harme to Lines following if anie shall happen to bee as in these wordes Except in the last Line of thy Writ although their tayles bee both farther foorth and longer yet small stroakes if so I may call them may goe directlie up from them and yet doe no harme because no moe Lines will followe as of this quantitie in the two Exemples following if thou pleasest thou mayest make the two Letters which beginne them both when they goe up unto Letters which admitte small strikes to come unto them and when Letters chance to ensue which admitte none so testimonies of both doe appeare by these wordes Let the crosse strikes of each one of these two Letters f and t with the 4 g goe thorowe them justlie and lightlie on eyther side endlonges the high Square likewise of these fiue the 3 4 5 c 3 and 7 e whereof everie one hath a strike proceeding from it on the fore or last side onelie and also the crosse strikes happening to these 36 the 1 2 b 2 e 1 2 3 4 5 o 1 2 c 1 2 3 g 1 2 p 1 2 3 4 d 1 3 h 2 que 5 6 7 8 9 single v 2 3 4 5 6 7 double w  1 x 1 y 1 z With these fiue the 2 p 5 m n single u when each one of them is casten with diverse stroakes and the 4 or double pp when it is casten with maniest none of them having anie strike at all seene or expressed while each one is set alone as in the Alphabet but altogether understoode for although none of themselues haue eyther crosse strikes going thorowe them or anie other strike at all proceeding from them except the last d and e heere expressed because they are otherwise proportioned yet as each one of them happeneth to bee accompanied with another or yet with other Letters in anie worde it is found to haue a little small strike going there from unto anie of the former sorts sometimes justlie endlonges the high Square and sometimes to arise from the last side of each one of them the distance of an haire bredth under the same as the entrie to the Letter immediately following requireth which doeth slent up thorowe the high Square to the beginning of that Letter if it admitte such a beginning or to anie other that hath anie entresse at all to the effect that it may leane closelie to the first side thereof except onelie the sortes of long s but chiefelie the 2 3 and 6 thereof and that both for the greater speedinesse in writing and more seemelie conjoyning of all Letters in thy Writ as in these wordes Yet the strike going thorowe the 2 or 5 f in the Alphabet is oftentimes used to bee on the lowe Square when anie of them chanceth to preceede the 3 or 5 o in anie worde but chiefelie of Current Writ as is evident by these Although thou hast beene taught to make all Letters within wordes alike neare yet draw the crosse strikes comming thorowe Letters on eyther side or from them on the fore-side onelie that is the side towardes the right hande somewhat farther foorth where or when Letters wanting heads doe followe which admitte strikes from former Letters to beginne them and chiefelie the strike going thorow the 2 t for neverthelesse that former Rule and this agree since in distance betwixt Letters standing within wordes the first and last partes that is the nearest partes of them is as much reckoned as the stalkes thereof where thorowe these crosse strikes come and that whether endlonges or crosse-wayes the Squares as in these wordes If thou intendest to bee a speedie Writer remember that thou lift not the penne except to take Inke to nor within the casting of anie Single or Double Letter made with one strike within a worde lest thereby besides slownesse in the action thou make defectes in casting of these whole or uncutted Letters whole I say because albeit they may bee casten and learned by partes or degrees in manner before specified yet they are never severed by severall strikes as the remnant Single and Double neyther yet take the penne up to the casting or beginning of anie Letter of diverse strikes within it selfe nor after the casting of any single or double letter of this Character as is usuallie done in learning to write them severallie by order of Alphabet where there is a good distance left betwixt everie two but let the last or readiest part of the letter which thou hast alreadie written beginne the first or nearest part of the letter which next followeth to be written and that by drawing a litle whit or light touch from the one to the other as in the letters of these words And since there be diverse exceptions from this Rule I divide them into foure rankes both for the causes of better consideration and remembrance thereof 1 there bee some letters which must needes haue the pen taken up both to and after the casting of each one of them 2 some onlie to the casting 3 some after the casting as for the up-taking in the casting of letters I omit it because it must needes bee doue and therefore ought not to be restrained and 4 there be some which haue no constant or fast strokes going from them to others but a movable or variable of-set arising from a clozed conclusion of the one which preceedeth and added to the nearest part of the other that followeth which serveth as a Bridge for passage to the pen betwixt them and so it is doubtfull unto which of the two it belongeth The first sort is two folde first the whole single letters which
properlie belongeth to the principal sorts of Set writ being 23 in number with the 2 w belonging also thereunto are excepted from this Rule and that as they are written strictlie but not largelie Strictlie because it is a superiour forme and therefore and in respect of the excellencie and curiositie of all the letters thereof aboue any of the remnant formes of Secretarie it cannot be so well directed to bee fast written as anie of them for it is the fountaine and they are but the conduites and partlie for that respect and partly because it is slow of it selfe and for the most part close every way that is wanting passage from letter to letter soâ—e libertie must needes bee granted unto the Exercers thereof to lift the pen so much the ofter in writing of the same But if thou wilt consider them largelie albeit the most part of the letters therein while as they are in writing cannot so commodiouslie and convenientlie arise each one foorth of another as the letters in the rest of the formes and therefore the pen must be so much the ofter taken up yet being written the moste parte of all the Letters in the same are found little worse conjoyned with strikes leaning thereunto often times upon one of the sides and some times on both as if the Penne did proceede orderlie out thorowe one and in thorowe another as may bee made cleare by these wordes consisting of such letters And secondlie these three sortes of one Letter the 2 3 and 6 s are accepted for two causes first because the Penne must needes bee twise taken up in casting of each one of them beside the up-taking thereof in the midst of the middle-moste to wit to the casting and after the casting to beginne the Letter following which I make plaine by the standing of such Letters in these wordes And next because none of them can suffer anie crosse strikes comming justlie endlonges the high Square eyther thorow or from whatsoever Letters to touch them on anie side but especiallie the side towardes the right hand lest thereby they haue no difference from the 2 f as doeth appeare by the like Letters in these vvordes And so thou must take heede that thou draw no strikes unadvisedlie thorow Letters that is thou shouldest fore-see whether or not the Letter resulting requireth such a strike to beginne the same for in so doing without deliberation thou wilt not onelie doe harme to the aforesayde three Letters but often times to some others also such as the second n and u and thereby cause each one of them appeare like the 2 a as in these vvordes But both from the high heads of the first and last of the same three sortes of s when they are casten upwardes and not downewrdes and the higher head of the middlemost there may arise manie Letters as the matter requireth which bee of two sortes having heads and wanting heads but all those which haue heads saue the foure sortes of d arise more comelie and pertinentlie than anie of the other sorte which want heads unlesse it bee a fewe vvhich beginne with sharpe slenting stroakes aboue the high Square and ariseth or commeth off no lesse comelie than the other sorte the first ariseth both in the seconde sorte of Set hand and anie sorte of Common and these bee 21 the 3 sortes of b 2 3 4 d 2 5 f 2 3 4 h 2 3 4 5 k 1 2 5 l and 1 2 5 t with the same three sortes of s themselues as anie of them happeneth to bee after another in anie worde whatsoever by way of doubling as the like Letters in these wordes giue sufficient probation And next the seconde sorte ariseth onelie in the two sortes of Current Writ somewhat more superficiallie to keepe the Penne unlifted which bee 47. in number to wit the 2 3 4 a 2 3 4 g 2 3 c 5 7 h 3 5 6 7 8 9 e 2 3 4 5 i 2 5 m 3 5 p 2 5 n 2 3 4 que 3 4 5 o 2 3 6 9 r 2 3 5 u 2 3 5 6 7 y and the 2 4 z. As in these words In like manner these two sortes of one Letter the 6 7 single v which of themselues haue neyther entresse for other Letters to come in to anie of them or beginne them nor yet anie constant off-set proceeding from them unto others and therefore the Penne must needes both bee taken up to the casting of each one of them and after and so when they are found to bee joyned with other Letters eyther before them behinde them or both these on-sets and off-sets comming or going to them or from them doe belong to those other Letters by right of proportion rather as unto them for a thing may serâ—e oft times in common unto manie by courteous toleration of the owner and yet bee proper but to one and so when the Proprietie fayleth the Communitie wanteth the conjoyning therefore of the which Letters may bee perceived in these wordes The seconde sorte of the Letters excepted from the last Rule bee these tenne the 4 a 3 4 c 2 f 3 4 q and 2 3 4 5 t because the Penne must bee contmuallie lifted to the casting of each one of them since they haue no entresse to receiue anie of themselues as they meete againe or shall happen to bee doubled in a worde saue this forme of meeting of these two the 2 f and 2 t and that two wayes the f with f and f with t first when the f standeth in a worde and the like hapneth to followe it doeth become a double ff that is when the even-downe stalke thereof is begunne first and not the compassing of the head and so then falleth under the Rule because the Penne is neyther lifted to the casting of the same nor after And next the f with t that is when the t followeth after the f the Penne is neyther lifted to the casting thereof nor yet after and therefore it observeth the Rule also as Exemples of both may bee understoode by such Letters contained in these vvordes Neyther yet hath anie of this preceeding nuÌ„ber entres that is accesse on the left side to receiue anie other Letter which hath a passage foorth whereby they can bee rightlie begunne the â—earest parte of them may well bee touched or leaned unto except onelie the foresayde 2 3 and 6 s which indeede may receiue anie of them that is arise there from or joyne after the same saue these two the 4 cc and tt as I approoue by such Letters in these wordes NOTA. None of these seaven Letters the 2 3 a 2 3 g 2 3 o and 2 que can neyther arise well from the tayles of anie of themselues occurring twise in one worde nor anie others The thirde sorte of Letters excepted bee these three the 7 h 3 x and 3 y because the Penne must bee taken up after the casting of each one of them to beginne anie Letter