is corrupted by taking the air and by the falling down of the urine and filth and by the motions of the thighs in going it is ulcerated and so putrifies An historie I remember that once I cured a young woman who had her womb hanging out at her privie parts as big as an egg and I did so well performe and perfect the cure thereof that afterwards she conceived and bare children many times and her womb never fell down CHAP. XLI The cure of the falling down of the womb BY this word falling down of the womb Remedies for the ascention of the womb we understand every motion of the womb out of its place or seat therefore if the womb ascend upwards we must use the same medicines as in strangulation of the womb If it be turned towards either side it must be restored and drawn back to its right place by applying and using cupping-glasses But if it descend and fall down into its own neck but yet not in great quantity the woman must be placed so that her buttocks may be very high and her legs across then cupping-glasses must be applied to her navel and Hypâ—gastrium and when the womb is brought into its place injections that binde and drie strongly must be injected into the neck of the womb For the falling down of the womb properly so called stinking fumigations must be used unto the privie parts and sweet things used to the mouth and nose But if the womb hang down in great quantitie between the thighs it must be cured by placing the woman after another sort and by using other kinde of medicines First of all she must be so layed on her back her buttocks and thighs so lifted up and her legs so drawn back as when the childe or secundine are to be taken or drawn from her then the neck of the womb and whatsoever hangeth out thereat must be annointed with oyl of lillies fresh butter capons grease and such like then it must be thrust gently with the fingers up into its place the sick or pained woman in the mean time helping or furthering the endeavour by drawing in of her breath as if she did sup drawing up as it were that which is fallen down After that the womb is restored unto its place whatsoever is filled with the ointment must be wiped with a soft and clean cloth lest that by the slipperiness thereof the womb should fall down again the genitals must be fomented with an astringent decoction made with pomegeanate pills cypress nuts gals roach allom horse-tail sumach berberies boiled in the water wherein Smiths quench their irons of those materials make a powder wherewith let those places be sprinkled let a Pessary of a competent bigness be put in at the neck of the womb but let it be eight or nine fingers in length according to the proportion of the grieved patients body Let them be made either with latin or of cork covered with wax of an oval form having a thread at one end whereby they may be drawn back again as need requires The formes of oval Pessaries A. sheweth the body of the Pessarie B. sheweth the thread wherewith it must be tied to the thigh When all this is done let the sick woman keep her self quiet in her bed with her buttocks lying very high and her legs across for the space of eight or ten dayes in the mean while the application of cupping-glasses will staye the womb in the right place and seat after it is restored thereunto but if she hath taken any hurt by cold air let the privie parts be fomented with a discussing and heating fomentation or this wise A discussing and hearing fomentation â„ž fol. alth salv lavend. rosmar artemis flor chamoem melilot an m ss sem anis foenugr an â„¥ i. let them be all well boiled in water and wine and make thereof a decoction for your use Give her also glysters that when the guts are emptied of the excrements the womb may the better be received in the void and empty capacity of the belly for this reason the bladder is also to be emptied for otherwise it were dangerous lest that the womb lying between them both being full should be kept down and cannot be put up into its own proper place by reason thereof How vomiting is profitable to the falling down of the womb Also vomiting is supposed to be a singular remedy to draw up the womb that is fallen down furthermore also it purgeth out the phlegm which did moisten and relax the ligaments of the womb for as the womb in time of copulation at the beginning of the conception is moved downwards to meet the seed so the stomach even of its own accord is lifted upwards when it is provoked by the injurie of any thing that is contrary unto it to cast it out with greater violence but when it is so raised up it draws up together therewith the peritonaeum The cutting away of the womb when it is putrified Lib. 6. the womb and also the body or parts annexed unto it If it cannot be restostored unto its place by these prescribed remedies and that it be ulcerated and so putrified that it cannot be restored unto his place again we are commanded by the precepts of art to cut it away and then to cure the womb according to art but first it should be tied and as much as is necessary must be cut off and the rest â—eared with a cautery There are some women that have had almost all their womb cut off without any danger of their life as Paulus testifieth Epist 39. lib. 2. Epist mâ—d John Langius Physician to the Count Palatine writeth that Carpus the Chirurgian took out the womb of a woman of Bononia he being present and yet the woman lived and was very wel after it Trac de miâ—and moâ—b caus Antonius Benevenius Physician of Florence writeth that he called by Vgolius the Physician to the cure of a woman whose womb was corrupted and fell away from her by pieces and yet she lived ten years after it An history There was a certain woman being found of body of good repute and above the age of thirtie years in whom shortly after she had been married the second time which was in Anno 1571. having no childe by her first husband the lawful signs of a right conception did appear yet in process of time there arose about the lower part of her privities the sense or feeling of a weight or heaviness being so troublesome unto her by reason that it was painful and also for that it stopped her urine that she was constrained to disclose her mischance to Christopher Mombey a Surgeon her neighbour dwelling in the Suburbs of S. Germâ—ns who having seen the tumor or smelling in her groin asswaged the pain with mollifying and anodyne fomentations and cataplasms but presently after he had done this he found on the inner side of her lip of
at all it this necessary humor were wanting in the womb yet it may be some women may conceive without the flux of the courses but that is in such as have so much or the â—â—mor gathered together as is wont to remain in those which are purged although it be not so great a quantity that it may flow out as it is recorded by Aristotle But as it is in some very great and in some very little so it is in some seldom and in some very often What womeâ— have this mâ—nstrual flux often abundantly and for a lo ger space then others There are some that are purged twice and some thrice in a moneth but it is altogether in those who have a great liver large veins and are filled and fed with many and greatly nourishing meats which sit idlely at home all day which having slept all night do notwithstanding lie in bed sleeping a great part of the day also which live in a hot moist rainy and southerly air which use warm baths of sweet waters and gentle frictions which use and are greatly delighted with carnal copulation in these and such like women the courses flow more frequently and abundantly What women hâ—ve this flâ—x mâ—re 〈◊〉 leâ— and a far more short time then others But contrariwise those that have small and obscure veins and those that have their bodies more furnished and big either with flesh or with fat are more seldom purged and also more sparingly because that the sâ—perfluous quantity of blood useth to go into the habit of the body Also tender delicate and fair women are less purged than those that are brown and endued with a more compact flesh because that by the rarity of their bodies they suffer a greater wasting or dissipation of their substance by transpiration Moreover they are not so greatly purged with this kind of purgation which have some other solemn or accustomed evacuation in any other place of their body as by the nose or hemorrhoids Why young women are purged in the new of the Moon And as concerning their age old women are purged when the Moon is old and young women when the Moon is new as it is thought I think the cause thereof is for that the Moon ruleth moist bodies for by the variable motion thereof the Sea floweth and ebbeth and bones marrow and plants abound with their genital humor Therefore young people which have much blood and more fluxible and their bodies more fluxible are soon moved unto a flux although it be even in the first quarter of the Moons rising or increasing Why old women are purged in the wane of the Moon but the humors of old women because they wax stiff as it were with cold and are not so abundant and have more dense bodies and straighter vessels are not so apt to a flux nor do they so easily flow except it be in the full of the Moon or else in the decrease that is to say because the blood that is gathered in the full of the Moon falls from the body even of its own weight for that by reason of the decreasing or wane of the Moon this time of the moneth is more cold and moist CHAP. L. The causes of the Monethly Flux or Courses The material cause of the Monethtly flux BEcause a woman is more cold and therefore hath the digestive faculty more weak it cometh to pass that she requireth and desireth more meat or food than she can digest or concoct And because that superfluous humour that remaineth is not digested by exercise nor by the efficacy of strong and lively heat therefore by the providence or benefit of nature it floweth out by the veins of the womb by the power of the expulsive faculty at its own certain and prefixed season or time But then especially it beginneth to flow and a certain rude portion of blood to be expelled being hurtful and malign otherwise in no quality When the monthly flux begins to flow when nature hath laid her principal foundations of the increase of the body so that in greatness of the body she hath come as it were in a manner to the highest top that is to say from the thirteenth to the fiftieth year of her age Moreover the childe cannot be formed in the womb nor have his nutriment or encrease without this flux therefore this is another finall cause of the monethly flux The final cause Many are perswaded that women do far more abound with blood than men considering how great an abundance of blood they cast forth of their secret parts every month A woman exceeds a man in quantity of blood from the thirteenth to the fiftieth year of their age how much women great with child of whom also many are menstrual yeeld unto the nutriment and encrease of the childe in their wombs and how much Physicians take from women that are with childe by opening of a vein which otherwise would be delivered before their natural and prefixed time how great a quantity thereof they avoid in the birth of their children and for ten or twelve daies after and how great a quantity of milk they spend for the nourishment of the child when they give suck which milk is none other thing than blood made white by the power of the kernels that are in the dugs which doth suffice to nourish the child be he great or little yet notwithstanding many nurses in the mean while are menstrual A man exceedeth a women in the quality of his blood and as that may be true so certainly this is true that one dram that I may so speak of a mans blood is of more efficacy to nourish and encrease than two pounds of womans blood because it is far more perfect more concocted wrought and better replenished with abundance of spirits whereby it commeth to pass that a man endued with a more strong heat A man is more hot than a woman and therefore not menstrual doth more easily convert what meat soever he eateth unto the nourishment and substance of his body and if that any superfluity remains he doth easily digest and scatter it by insensible transpiration But a woman being more cold than a man because she taketh more than she can concoct doth gather together more humors which because she cannot disperse by reason of the unperfectness and weakness of her heat it is necessary that she should suffer and have her monthly purgation especially when she groweth unto some bigness but there is no such need in a man CHAP. LI. The causes of the suppression of the courses or menstrual flux THe courses are suppressed or stopped by many causes as by sharp vehement and long diseases by fear sorrow hunger immoderate labors watchings fluxes of the belly great bleeding haemorrhoids fluxes of blood at the mouth and evacuations in any other part of the body whatsoever often opening of a vein great sweats ulcers flowing much and long scabbiness
presently contracted or drawn together ib. Chap. VII Of the generation of the navell Pag. 594 Chap. VIII Of the umbilical vessels or the vessels belonging to the navell ib. Chap. IX Of the ebullition or swelling of the seed in the womb and of the concretion of the bubbles or bladders or the three principal entrals Pag. 595 Chap. X. Of the third bubble or bladder wherein the head and the brain is formed ib. Chap. XI Of the life oâ— soul Pag. 596 Chap. XII Of the natural excrements in general and specially of those that the child oâ— infant being in the womb excludeth Pag. 598 Chap. XIII With what travel the childe is brought into the world and of the cause of this travel Pag. 599 Chap. XIV Of the situation of the infant in the womb Pag. 600 Chap. XV. Which is the legitimate and natural and which the illegitimate or unnatural time of childebirth Pag. 601 Chap. XVI Signs of the birth at hand ib. Chap. XVII What is to be done presently after the childe is borne Pag. 602 Chap. XVIII How to pull away the secundine or after-birth Pag. 604 Chap. XIX What things must be given to the infant by the mouth before he be permitted to suck the teat or dug Pag. 605 Chap. XX. That mothers ought to give suck to their owne children ib. Chap. XXI Of the choise of nurses ib. Chap. XXII What diet the nurse ought to use and in what situation she ought to place the infant in the cradle Pag. 607 Chap. XXIII How to make pap for children Pag. 608 Chap. XXIV Of the weaning of children Pag. 609 Chap. XXV By what signs it may be known whether the child in the womb be dead or alive ib. Chap. XXVI Of the Chirurgical extractions of the childe from the womb either dead or alive Pag. 610 Chap. XXVII What must be done unto the woman in travel presently after her deliverance Pag. 612 Chap. XXVIII What care must be used to the dugs and teats of of those that are brought to bed Pag. 613 Chap. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painful travel in childbirth are Pag. 614 Chap. XXX The cause of abortion or untimely birth Pag. 615 Chap. XXXI How to preserve the infant in the womb when the mother is dead Pag. 616 Chap. XXXII Of superfetation Pag. 617 Chap. XXXIII Of the tumor called Mola or a mole growing in the womb of women Pag. 618 Chap. XXXIV How to discern true conception from a false conception or mola ib. Chap. XXXV What cure must be used to the Mola Pag. 620 Chap. XXXVI Of tumors or swellings happening to the pancreas or sweet-bread and the whole mesentery Pag. 621 Chap. XXXVII Of the cause of barrenn ss in women Pag. 622 Chap. XXXVIII Of the barrenness or unfruitfulness of women Pag. 623 Chap. XXXIX The signs of a distempered womb ib. Chap. XL. Of the failing down or preversion or turning of the womb Pag. 624 Chap. XLI The cure of the falling down of the womb Pag. 625 Chap. XLII Of the tunicle or membrane called hymen Pag. 626 Chap. XLIII A memorable history of the membrane called hymen Pag. 627 Chap. XLIV Of the strangulation of the womb Pag. 628 Chap. XLV The signs of imminent strangulation of the womb Pag. 629 Chap. XLVI How to know whether the woman be dead in the strangulation of the womb or not ib. Chap. XLVII How to know whether the strangulation of the womb comes of the suppression of the flowers or the corruption of the sâ—ed Pag. 630 Chap. XLVIII Of the cure of the strangulation of the womb ib. Chap. XLIX Of womens monthly flux or courses Pag. 632 Chap. L. The causes of womens monthly flux or courses ib. Chap. LI. The causes of the suppression of the courses or menstrual flux Pag. 633 Chap. LII What accidents follow the suppression or stopping of the monthly flux and flowers ib. Chap. LIII Of provoking the flowers or courses Pag. 634 Chap. LIV. Of the signes of the approaching of the menstrual flux Pag. 635 Chap. LV. Accidents follow immoderate fluxes of the flowers or courses ib. Chap. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers and courses Pag. 636 Chap. LVII Of local medicines to be used against the immoderate flowing of the courses ib. Chap. LVIII Of womens fluxes or the whites ib. Chap. LIX Of the causes of the whites Pag. 637 Chap. LX. The cure of the whites ib. Chap. LXI Of the haemorrhoides and warts of the neck of the womb Pag. 638 Chap. LXII Of the cure of the warts that are in the neck of the womb ib. Chap. LXIII Of chaps and those wriâ—kled and hard excrescences which the Greeks call condylomata Pag. 640 Chap. LXIV Of the itching of the womb ib. Chap. LXV Of the relaxation of the great gut or intestine which happeneth to women ib. Chap. LXVI Of the relaxation of the navel in children Pag. 641 Chap. LXVII Of the pain that children have in breeding of teeth Pag. 642 Of Monsters and Prodigies the five and twentieth Book from pag 642. to pag. 688. Of the faculties of simple medicines as also of their composition and use the six and twentieth Book Chap. I. What a medcine is and how it differeth from nourishment Pag. 688 Chap. II. The differences of medicines in their matter and substance ib. Chap. III. The difference of simples in their qualities and effects Pag. 689 Chap. IV. Of the second faculties of medicines Pag. 690 Chap. V. Of the third faculties of medicines Pag. 691 Chap. VI. Of the fourth faculty of medicines ib. Chap. VII Of tastes ib. Chap. VIII Of the preparation of medicines Pag. 693 Chap. IX Of repelling or repercussive medicines Pag. 694 Chap. X Of attractive medicines Pag. 695 Chap. XI Of resolving medicines ib. Chap. XII Of suppuratives Pag. 696 Chap. XIII Of mollifying things ib. Chap. XIV Of detersitives or mundificatives Pag. 697 Chap. XV. Of sarcoticks Pag. 698 Chap. XVI Of epuloticks or skinning medicines Pag. 699 Chap. XVII Of agglutinatives ib. Chap. XVIII Of puroticks or caustick medicines Pag. 700 Chap. X X. Of anodynes or such as mitigate or asswage pain ib. Chap. XX Of the composition and use of medicines Pag. 701 Chap. XXI Of the weight and measures and the notes of both of them Pag. 702 Chap. XXII Of Clvsters ib Chap. XXIII Of suppositories nodules and pessariâ—s Pag. 704 Chap. XXIV Of oils Pag. 705 Chap. XXV Of liniments ib Chap. XXVI Of ointments Pag. 706 Chap. XXVII Of cerats and emplasters Pag. 708 Chap. XXVIII Of cataplasms and pultises Pag. 710 Chap. XXIX Of fomentations Pag. 711 Chap. XXX Of embrocations ib. Chap. XXXI Of epithemes ib. Chap. XXXII Of potential cauteries Pag. 712 Chap. XXXIII Of vesicatories Pag. 713 Chap. XXXIV Of Collyria Pag. 714 Chap. XXXV Of eâ—rhines and sternutatories ib. Chap. XXXVI Of apophlegmatisms or masticatories Pag. 715 Chap. XXXVII Of gargarisms Pag. 716 Chap. XXXVIII Of dentrifices ib. Chap. XXXIX Oâ— baggs or quilts Pag. 717 Chap.
receives for life and nourishment from the adherent parts This membrane is one in number and besides every where one and equal although Galen would have it perforated in that place where the spermatick vessels descend to the Testicles But The number Lib. de sem in truth we must not think that a hole but rather a production as we said before The later Anatomists have observed the Coat Peritonaeum is doubled below the Navel and that by the spaces of these reduplications the umbilical arteries ascend to the Navel It is situate near the natural parts and compasses them about and joyned by the coat The site and connexion which it gives them as also on the sides it is joined to the vertebra's of the loins from whose Ligaments or rather Periosteum it takes the original On the lower part it cleaves to the share-bone and on the upper to the Midriff whose lower part it wholly invests on the fore or outer part it sticks so close to the transverse muscles that it cannot be pluckt from them but by force by reason of the complication and adhaesion of the fibers thereof with the fibers of the proper membrane of these muscles which membrane in Galen's opinion proceeds from this Peritonaeum Lib. 6. Meth. so that it is no marvail that we may more easily break than separate these two coats It is of temperature cold and dry as all other membranes Use It hath many uses the first whereof is to invest and cover all the parts of the lower belly specially the Kall lest it should be squeezed by great compressures and violent attempts into the empty spaces of the muscles as it sometimes happens in the wounds of the Epigastrium unless the lips of the Ulcer be very well united for then appears a tumor about the wound by the Guts and Kall thrusting without the Peritonaeum into those spaces of the muscles from whence proceeds cruel pain Another use is to the further casting forth of the excrements by pressing the ventricle and guts on the foreside as the Midriff doth above as one should do it by both his hands joyned together The third use is it prohibits the repletion of the parts with flatulency after the expulsion of the excrements by straitning and pressing them down The fourth and last is that it contains all the parts in their seat and binds them to the back-bone principally that they should not fly out of their places by violent motions as by leaping and falling from on high Lastly we must know that the Rim is of that nature that it will easily dilate it self as we see in Dropsies in women with childe and in tumors against nature CHAP. XIII Of the Epiploon Omentum or Zirbus that is the Kall AFter the containing parts follow the contained the first of which is the Epiploon The substance magnitude figure or Kall so called because it as it were swims upon all the guts The substance of it is fatty and spermatick the quantity of it for thickness is diverse in divers men according to their temperament The latitude of it is described by the quantity of the guts It is in figure like a purse The composure because it 's double It is composed of veins arteries fat and a membrane which sliding down from the gibbous part of the ventricle and the flat part of the gut Duodenum and Spleen over the Guts The connexion is turned back from the lower belly to the top of the Colon. It is one as we said covering the Guts It hath its chief connexion with the first Vertebra's of the Loins from which place in Beasts it seems to take a Coat as in men from the hollow part of the Spleen and gibbous of the ventricle Lib. Anatom administ The temper The use twofolds and depressed part of the Duodenum from whence doubled it is terminated in the fore and higher part of the Colick-gut Which moved Galen to write that the upper part of the membrane of the Kall was annexed to the Ventricle but the lower to the laxer part of the Colick-gut From the Vessels of which parts it borrows his as also the Nerves if it have any The temper of it in lean bodies is cold and dry because their Kall is without far but in fat bodies it is cold and moist by reason of the fat The use of it is twofold The first is to heat and moisten the Guts and help their concoction although it do it by accident as that which through the density of the fat hinders the cold air from piercing in and also forbids the dissipation of the internal heat Another use is that in want of nourishment in times of great famin sometimes it cherishes Lib. 4. de usu partium and as it were by its dew preserves the innate heat both of the Ventricle and neighbouring parts as it is written by Galen Moreover we must observe that in a rupture or relaxation of the Peritonaeum the Kall falls down into the Scrotum from whence comes that rupture we call Epiplocele A cause of frustrating conception But in women that are somewhat more fat it thrusts it self between the bladder and the neck of the womb and by its compression hinders that the seed comes not with full force into the womb and so frustrates the conception Besides when by a wound or some other chance any part of it be defective then that part of the Belly which answers to it will afterwards remain cold and raw by reason of the fore-mentioned causes The second figure of the lower Belly AA BB. The inner part of the Peritonaeum cutt into four parts and so turned backward B. The upper B sheweth the implantation of the Umbilical vein into the Liver C. The Navel separated from the Peritonaeum From D to the upper B the Umbilical veins E E. The forepart of the stomach blown up neither covered by the Liver nor Kall F F. A part of the Gibbous side of the Liver G. Vessels disseminated through the Peritonaeum * The Brest blade H. The â—otttom of the Bladder of urine I. The connexion of the Peritonaeum to the bottom of the Bladder K K K K. The Kall covering the Guts M N. Vessels and sinews embracing the bottom of the stomach O. The meeting of the Vessels of both sides so that M N and O shew the seam which Aristotle mentions 3. Hist 4. de part Anim. where he saith That the Kall arises and proceeds from the midst of the belly P P. Branches of Vessels running alongst the bottom of the stomach QQQQ Certain branches of the Vessels distributed to the upper membrane of the Omentum and compassed with fat a a The two Umbilical arteries going down by the sides of the bladder to a branch of the great artery b. The Ligament of the Bladder which is shewed for the Urachus CHAP. XIII Of the Ventricle or Stomach What the ventricle is The substance
water you must heat them very hot and so the air which is contained in them will be exceedingly rarified which by putting them presently into water will be condensate a much and so will draw in the water to supply the place ne detur vacuum Then put them into fire and it again ratifying the water into air will make them yield a strong continued and forcible blast The cause of the report and blow of a Cannon Ball-bellows brought out of Germany which are made of brass hollow and round and have a very small hole in them whereby the water is put in and so put to the fire the water by the action thereof is rarified into air and so they send forth wind with a great noise and blow strongly assoon as they grow throughly not You may try the same with Chesnuts which cast whole and undivided into the fire presently fly asunder with a great crack because the watry and innate humidity turned into wind by the force of the fire forcibly breaks his passage forth For the air or wind raised from the water by rarifaction requires a larger place neither can it now be contained in the narro◠〈◊〉 or skins of the Chesnut wherein it was formerly kept Just after the same manner Gunâ—der being fired turns into a far greater proportion of air according to the truth of that Philosophical proposition which saith Of one part of earth there are made ten of water of one of water ten of air and of one of air are made ten of fire Now this fire not possible to be pent in the narrow space of the piece wherein the powder was formerly contained endeavours to force its passage with violence and so casts forth the Bullet lying in the way yet so that it presently vanishes into air and doth not accompany the Bullet to the mark or object which it batters spoils and breaks asunder Yet the Bullet may drive the obvious air with such violence that men are often sooner touched therewith than with the Bullet and dye by having their bones shattered and broken without any hurt on the flesh which covers them which as we formerly noted it hath common with Lightning We find the like in Mines when the powder is once fired it removes and shakes even Mountains of earth In the year of our Lord 1562. A History a quantity of this powder which was not very great taking fire by accident in the Arcenal of Paris caused such a tempest that the whole City shook therewith but it quite overturned divers of the neighbouring houses and shook off the â—yles and broke the windows of those which were further off and to conclude like a storm of Lightning it laid many here and there for dead some lost their sight others their hearing and othersome had their limbs torn asunder as if they had been rent with wild Horses and all this was done by the only agitation of the air into which the fired Gun-powder was turned Just after the same manner as windes pent up in hollow places of the earth which want vents The cause of an Earthquake For in seeking passage forth they vehemently shake the sides of the Earth and raging with a great noise about the cavities they make all the surface thereof to tremble so that by the various agitation one while up another down it over-turns or carries it to another place For thus we have read that Megara and Aegina anciently most famous Cities of Greece were swallowed up and quite over-turned by an Earthquake I omit the great blusterings of the winds striving in the cavities of the earth which represent to such as hear them at some distance the fierce assailing of Cities the bellowing of Bullets the horrid roarings of Lions neither are they much unlike to the roaring reports of Cannons These things being thus premised let us come to the thing we have in hand Amongst things necessary for life there is none causes greater changes in us than the Air which is continually drawn into the Bowels appointed by nature and whether we sleep wake or what else soever we do we continual draw in and breathe it out Through which occasion Hippocrates calls it Divine for that breathing through this mundane Orb it embraces nourishes defends and keeps in quiet peace all things contained therein friendly conspiring with the Stars from whom a divine vertue is infused therein For the air diversly changed and affected by the Stars doth in like manner produce various changes in these lower mundane bodies And hence it is that Philosophers and Physitians do so seriously with us to behold and consider the culture and habit of places and constitution of the air when they treat of preserving of health or curing diseases For in these the great power and dominion of the air is very apparent as you may gather by the four seasons of the year for in Summer the air being hot and dry heats and dryes our bodies but in Winter it produceth in us the effects of Winters qualities that is of cold and moisture yet by such order and providence of nature that although according to the varieties of seasons our bodies may be variously altered yet shall they receive no detriment thereby if so be that the seasons retain their seasonableness from whence if they happen to digress they raise and stir up great perturbations both in our bodies and minds whose malice we can scarse shun because they encompass us on every hand and by the law of Nature enter together with the air into the secret Cabinets of our Bodies both by occult and manifest passages For who is lie How the air becomes hurtful that doth not by experience find both for the commodity and discommodity of his health the various effects of winds wherewith the air is commixt according as they blow from this or that Region or quarter of the world Wherefore seeing that the South-wind is hot and moist the North-wind cold and dry the East-wind clear and fresh the West wind cloudy it is no doubt but that the air which we draw in by inspiration carries together therewith into the Bowels the qualities of that wind which is then prevalent Whence we read in Hippocrates Aphor. 17. sect 3. that changes of times whether they happen by different winds or vicissitude of seasons chiefly bring diseases For Northerly winds do condense and strengthen our Bodies and make them active well coloured and during by resuscitating and vigorating the native heat But Southern winds resolve and moisten our Bodies make us heavy-headed dull the hearing cause giddiness and make the Eyes and Body less agile as the Inhabitants of Nâ—rbon find to their great harm who are otherwise ranked among the most active people of France But if we would make a comparison of the seasons and constitutions of the year by Hippâ—crates decree Droughts are more wholesome and less deadly than Rains I judg for that too much humidity is the mother of
heat is oppressed and suffocated But this I would admonish the young Chirurgeon that when by the fore-mentioned signs he shall find the Gangrene present that he do not defer the amputation for that he finds some sense or small motion yet residing in the part For oft-times the affected parts are in this case moved not by the motion of the whole muscle but only by means that the head of the muscle is not yet taken with the Gangrene which moving its self by its own strength also moves its proper and continued tendon and tail though dead already wherefore it is ill to make any delay in such cases CHAP. XIV Of the Prognosticks in Gangrenes HAving given you the signs and causes to know a Gengrene it is fit we also give you the prognosticks The fierceness and the malignity thereof is so great that unless it be most speedily withstood the part it self will dye and also take hold of the neighbouring parts by the contagion of its mortification which hath been the cause that a Gangrene by many hath been termed an Esthiomenos For such corruption creeps out like poyson Why a Gangrene is called Esthiomenos and like fire eats gnaws and destroys all the neighbouring parts until it hath spread over the whole body For as Hippocrates writes Lib. de vulner capitis Mortui viventis nulla est proportio i. there is no proportion between the dead and living Wherefore it is fit presently to separate the dead from the living for unless that be done the living will dye by the contagion of the dead In such as are at the point of death The quick impatient of the dead a cold sweat flows over all their bodies they are troubled with ravings and watchings belchings and hicketing molest them and often swoundings invade them by reason of the vapours abundantly and continually raised from the corruption of the humors and flesh and so carryed to the Bowels and principal parts by the Veins Nerves and Arteries Wherefore when you have foretold these things to the friends of the Patient then make haste to fall to your work CHAP. XV. Of the General cure of a Gangrene Various Indications of curing a Gangrene THe Indications of curing Gangrenes are to be drawn from their differences for then cure must be diversly instituted according to the essence and magnitude For some Gangrenes possess the whole member others only some portion thereof some are deep othersome superficial only Also you must have regard to the temper of the body For soft and delicate bodies as of Children Women Eunuchs and idle persons require much milder medicins than those who by nature and custom or vocation of life are more strong and hardy such as Husbandmen Labourers Mariners Huntsmen Porters and men of the like nature who live sparingly and hardly What parts soonest taken â—old by a Gangrene Neither must you have respect to the body in general but also to the parts affected for the fleshy and musculous parts are different from the solid as the nerves and joynts or more solid as the Vertebrae Now the hot and moist parts as the privities mouth womb and fundament are easilyer and sooner taken hold of by putrefaction wherefore we must use more speedy means to help them Wherefore if the Gangrene be chiefly occasioned from an internal cause he must have a dyet prescribed for the decent and fitting use of the six things not natural If the body be plethorick or full of ill humors you must purge or let bloud by the advice of a Physitian Against the ascending up of vapours to the noble parts the heart must chiefly be strengthened with Treacle dissolved in Sorrel or Carduus-water with a bole of Mithridate the Conserve of Roses and Bugloss and with Opiâ—tes made for the present purpose according to Art this following Apozeme shall be outwardly applyed to the region of the heart A cordial Epithema â„ž Aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. câ—rallorum santalorum alborum rulrorum rosar rub in pulver redactarum spodii an â„¥ j. mithrid theriacae an Ê’ ij ss trochiscorum de CaphuraÊ’ ij flor cardial in pollin redactarum p. ij creciÊ’ j. Ex omnibus in pollinem redactis fiat epithema Which may be applyed upon the region of the heart with a Scarlet-cloth or spunge These are usually such as happen in the cure of every Gangrene CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Gangrene THe cure of a Gangrene caused by the too plentiful and violent defluxion of humors suffocating the native heat by reason of great Phlegmons is performed by evacuating and drying up the humors The cure of a Gangrene made by inflammation which putrefie by delay and collection in the part For this purpose scarifications and incisions great in differeâ—s small deep and superficiary according to the condition of the Gangrene are much commenâ—â—d that so the burdened part may injoy the benefit of perspiration and the contained humorâ— of difflation or evacuation of their sooty excrements Let Incisions be made when the â—ffeâ—◠〈◊〉 deep in and neer to mortification But scarifications may be used when the part first 〈◊〉 to putrefie for the greatness of the remedy must answer in proportion to that of the disâ—â—â—â— Wherefore if it penetrate to the bones it will be fit to cut the skin and flesh with mâ—â—â—â—â—d deep Incisions with an Incision-knife made for that purpose yet take heed of cutting the larger nerves and vessels unless they be wholly putrefied for if they be not yet putrefied you shall make your Incisions in the spaces between them if the Gangrene be less we must rest satisfied with only scarifying it When the Scarifications and Incisions are made we must suffer 〈◊〉 bloud to flow forth that so the conjunct matter may be evacuated Then must we apply and put upon it such medicins as may by heating drying resolving clensing and opening amend and correct the putrefaction and by piercing to the bottom may have power to overcome the virulency already impact in the part For this purpose Lotions made of the Lye of the Ashes of Fig-tree or Oak wherein Lupins have been throughly boyled are good Or you may with less trouble make a medicine with Salt-water wherein you may dissolve Aloes and Aegyptiacum adding in the conclusion a little Aqua vitae The description of an Aegyptiacum for Aqua vitae and calcined Vitriol are singular medicins for a Gangrene Or â„ž acet optmi lb j. mel ros â„¥ iiij syrup acetosi â„¥ iij. salis com â„¥ v. lulliant simul adde aqua vitae lb. s Let the part be frequently washed with this medicine for it hath much force to repress Gangrenes After your Lotion lay Aegyptiacum for a Liniment and put it into the Incisions for there is no medicine more powerful against putrefaction for by causing an Eschar it separates the putrid flesh from the sound But we must not in
which sometimes in space of time contracts a Callus others only swell and cast forth no moisture some are manifest others lye only hid within Those which run commonly cast forth blood mixed with yellowish serous moisture which stimulates the blood to break forth and by its acrimony opens the mouths of the veins But such as do not run are either like blisters such as happen in burns and by practitioners are usually called vesicales and are caused by the defluxion of a phlegmatick and serous humor or else represent a Grape whence they are called Uvales generated by the afflux of blood laudable in quality but overabundant in quantity or else they express the manner of a disease whence they are termed morales proceeding from the suppression of melancholick blood or else they represent Warts whence they are stiled Verrucales enjoying the same material cause of the generation as the morales do This affect is cause of many accidents in men Symptomes for the perpetual efflux of blood extinguisheth the vivid and lively colour of the face calls on a Dropsie overthrows the strength of the whole body The flux of Haemorrhoides is commonly every moneth sometimes only four times in a year Great pain inflammation an Abscesse which may at length end in a Fistula unless it be resisted by convenient remedies do oft-times fore-run the evacuation of the Haemorrhoides But if the Haemorrhoides flow in a moderate quantity if the Patients brook it well they ought not to be stayed for that they free the Patients from the fear of eminent evils as melancholy leprosie Sent. 37. sect 6. epid strangury and the like Besides if they be stopped without a cause they by their reflux into the Lungs cause their inflammation or else break the vessels thereof and by flowing to the Liver cause a dropsie by the suffocation of the native heat they cause a Dropsie and universal leanness on the contrary if they flow immoderately by refrigerating the Liver by loss of too much blood wherefore when as they flow too immoderately they must be stayed with a pledget of Hares-down dipped in the ensuing medicin A remedy for the immoderate flowing of the Haemorrhoides ℞ pul aloes thuris baulast sang draconis an ℥ ss incorporentur simul cum ovi albumine fiat medicamentum ad usum When they are stretched out and swoln without bleeding it is convenient to beat an Onion roasted in the embers with an Oxes gall and apply this medicin to the swoln places and renew it every five hours For supprest Haemorrhoides This kind of remedy is very prevalent for internal Haemorrhoides but such as are manifest may be opened with Horse-leaches or a Lancet The juice or mass of the hearb called commonly Dead-nettle or Arch-angel applyed to the swoln Haemorrhoides opens them and makes the congealed blood flow there-hence The Fungus and Thymus being diseases about the Fundament are cured by the same remedy If acrimony heat and pain do too cruelly afflict the Patient you must make him enter into a bath and presently after apply to the Ulcers if any such be this following remedy ℞ Olei ros ℥ iiij cerusae ℥ i. Litharg ℥ ss cerae novae ʒ vj. opii ℈ j. fiat unguent secundum artem Or else ℞ thuris myrrhae croci an ʒ j. opii ℈ j. fiat unguentum cum oleo rosarum mucilagine sem psillii addendo vitellum unius ovi You may easily prosecute the residue of the cure according to the general rules of Art The End of the Thirteenth Book The FOURTEENTH BOOK Of Bandages or Ligatures CHAP. I. Of the differences of Bandages BAndages wherewith we use to binde do much differ amongst themselves Lib. de fasciis But their differences in Galens opinion are chiefly drawn from six things to wit their matter figure length breadth making and parts whereof they consist Now the matter of Bandages is threefold Membranous or of skins which is accommodated peculiarly to the fractured grisles of the Nose of Woollen proper to inflamed parts as those which have need of no astriction of Linnen as when any thing is to be fast bound and of Linnen cloaths some are made of flax other some of hemp as Hippocrates observes Sect. 3. de Chir. offic But Bandages do thus differ amongst themselves in structure for that some thereof consist of that matter which is sufficiently close and strong of it self such are the membranous others are woven as the linnen ones But that Linnen is to be made choice of for this use and judged the best What cloth best for rowlers not which is new never formerly used but that which hath already been worn and served for other uses that so the Bandages made thereof may be the more soft and pliable yet must they be of such strength that they may not break with stretching and that they may straitly contain and repell the humor ready to flow down and so hinder it from entring the part These besides must not be hemmed nor stitched must have no lace nor seam for hems and seams by their hardness press into and hurt the flesh that lies under them Lace whether in the midst or edges of the rowler makes the Ligature unequal For the Member where it is touched with the lace as that which will not yield is pressed more hard but with the cloth in the middle more gently as that which is more lax Furthermore these Ligatures must be of clean cloth that if occasion be they may be moistened or steeped in liquor appropriate to the disease and that they may not corrupt or make worse that liquor by their moistening therein Now the Bandages which are made of Linnen clothes must be cut long-wayes and not athwart for so they shall keep more firm and strong that which they bind and besides they will be alwayes alike and not broader in one place then in another But they thus differ in figure for that some of them are rolled up to which nothing must be sowed for that they ought to be of a due length to bind up the member others are cut or divided which truely consist of one piece but that divided in the end such are usually taken to binde up the breasts or else in the midst others are sowed together which consist of many branches sowed together and ending in divers heads and representing divers figures such are the Bandages appropriated to the head But they thus differ in length for that some of them are shorter others longer so in like sort for breadth for some are broader others narrower Yet we cannot certainly define nor set down neither the length nor breadth of Rowlers for that they must be various according to the different length and thickness of the members or parts Generally they ought both in length and breadth to fit the parts whereunto they are used For these parts require a binding different each from other the head the neck shoulders arms
flour and such is often seen in fractures made by bullets What Schidacidon shot out of guns and such fiery Engins Contrary to these are those fractures which are called Schidacidon as rent into splinters or after the manner of a boord or piece of timber that is right-down and alongst the bone and these fractures are either apparent to the eye or else not apparent and therefore called Capillary being so small as that they cannot be perceived by the eye unless you put ink upon them and then shave them with your Scrapers Sometimes the bone is only pressed down with the stroke sometimes on the contrary it flies up as if it were vaulted They call it attrition when the bone is broken into many small fragments and as it were scales or chips The fragments of fractured bones are sometimes smooth and polished otherwhiles unequal and as it were sharp and rough with little teeth or pricks Some fractures touch only the surface of the bone fetching off only a scale othersome change not the site of fractured bones but only cleaves them length-wayes without the plucking away of any fragment othersome penetrate even to their marrow Furthermore some fractures are simple and alone by themselves othersome are accompanied with a troop of other affects and symptomes as a wound haemorrhagy inflammation gangrene and the like Hereunto you may also adde the differences drawn from the parts which the Fractures possess as from the head ribs limbs joints and other members of the body Adde also these which are taken from the habit of bodies aged young full of ill humours well tempered almost all which have their proper and peculiar indications for curing The causes of Fractures Now the causes of Fractures are the too violent assaults or stroaks of all external things which may cut bruise break or shake in this number of causes may also be reckoned falls from high places and infinite other things which would be long and tedious to reckon up CHAP. II. Of the signs of a Fracture The first sign of a broken bone WE may know by evident signs that a bone is broken the first whereof and most certain is when by handling the part which we suspect to be broken we feel pieces of the bone severed asunder and hear a certain crackling of these pieces under our hands Another caused by the attrition of the shattered bones Another sign is taken from the impotency of the part which chiefly bewrayes it self when both the bones the leg and brace-bones the ell and wand are broken For if only the brace-bone or wand be broken the Patient may go on his leg A third and stir his arm for the Brace-bone serves for the sustaining of the muscles and not of the body as the leg-bone doth The third sign is drawn from the figure of the part changed besides nature for it is there hollow from whence the bone is flown or gone but gibbous or bunching out whither it is run Great pain in the interim torments the Patient by reason of the wronged periosteum and that membrane which involves the marrow and the sympathy of the adjacent parts which are compressed or pricked CHAP. III. Of Prognosticks to be made in Fractures WE must prognosticate in Fractures whether they are to end in the destruction or welfare of the Patient or whether their cure shall be long or short easie or else difficult and dangerous and lastly what accidents and symptoms may happen thereupon He shall easily attain to the knowledge of all these things who is not only well seen in the anatomical description of the bones but also in the temper composition and complexion of the whole body Wherefore in the first place I think good to admonish the Surgeon of this Why bones are more brittle in frosty weather that in winter when all is stiffe with cold by a little fall or some such sleight occasion the bones may be quickly and readily broken For then the bones being dried by the dryness of the air encompassing us become more brittle which every one of the vulgar usually observe to happen both in waxen and tallow-candles but when the season is moist the bones are also more moist and therefore more flexible and yielding to the violence of the obvious and offending body Wherefore also you may gather this to the framing of your Prognosticks Why the solution of continuity in bones is not so easily repaired Gal. in arte par That bones by reason of their natural driness are not so easily agglutinated and consolidated as flesh though in Children according to Galen by reason of the abundance of their humidity the lost substance may be repaired according as they term it to the first intention that is by restoring of the same kind of substance or matter But in others about the Fractures a certain hard substance usually concreats of that nourishment of the broken bone which abounds which glues together the fragments thereof being fitly put together This substance is then termed a Callus and it is so hardened in time that the bone thereafter in the broken part is seen to be more firm and hard than it is in any other therefore that usual saying in Physick is not without reason That rest is necessary for the uniting of broken bones For the Callus is easily dissolved if they be moved before their perfect and solid agglutination The matter of a Callus ought to be indifferent and laudable in quantity and quality even as blood which flowes for the regeneration of the lost flesh in wounds It is fit that there may be sufficient matter for such a Callus that the part have a laudable temper otherwise there either will be no Callus or certainly it will grow more slowly Why bones sooner knit in young bodies Fractures are far more easily repaired in young bodies than in old for in these there is plenty of the primigenious and radical moisture that is laudably holding and glutinous and in the other there is store of watrish and excrementitious humors By this you may easily conjecture that you cannot certainly set down a time necessary for the generating a Callus for in some it happens later in some sooner the cause of which variety is also to be referred to the constitution of the year and region the temper and diet of the Patient and manner of Ligation For those Patients whose powers are weak and blood waterish and thin in these the generation of a Callus uses to be more slowe On the contrary strong powers hasten to agglutinate the bones if there be plenty of gross and viscous matter whereby it comes to pass that meats of grosser nutriment are to be used Meats of gross and tough nourishment conduce to the generation of a Callus and medicins applyed which may help forwards the endeavour of nature as we shall declare hereafter When the bones are broken near unto the joints the motion afterwards uses
by that means bee plucked away therewith you shall use this medicine so long as need shall seem to require For the third kinde of Scall which is termed a Corrosive or Ulcerous the first indication is to cleans the ulcers with this following ointment The cure of an ulcerous scall â„ž unguenti enulati cum mercurio duplicato aegyptiaci an â„¥ iii. vitriol albi in pulverem redactiÊ’i incorporentur simil fiat unguentum ad usum also you may use the formerly discribed ointment But if any pain or other accident fall out you must withstand it by the assistance and direction of som good Physician verily these following medicins against all kindes of Scalls have been found out by reason and approved by use â„ž Camphur â„¥ ss alum roch vitriol vir aeris sulp vivi fullig forn an Ê’vi olei amygd dulcium anxungiae porci an â„¥ ii incorporentur simul in mortario fiat unguentum Som take the dung which lieth rotting in a sheep fold thay use that which is liquid and rub it upon the ulcerated places and lay a double cloath dipped in that liquor upon it But if the patient cannot bee cured with all these medicines and that you finde his body in som parts thereof troubled in like sort with crustie ulcers I would wish that his head might bee anointed with an ointment made of Axungia argentum vivum and a little Sulphur and then fit som emplastrum Vigonis cummercuiro into the fashion of a cap also som plaisters of the same may bee applied to the shoulders A contumacious scall must bee cured as wee cure the Lues venerea thighs legs so let him bee kept in a very warm chamber and all things don as if hee had the Lues venerea This kind of cure was first that I know of attempted by Simon Blanch the King's Surgeon upon a certain young man when as hee in vain had diligently tried all other usual medicines A scalled head oft-times appeareth verie loathsom to the eie casting forth virulent and stinking saines at the first it is hardly cured but being old far more difficultly For divers times it breaketh out afresh when you think it kill'd by reason of the impression of the malign putrefaction remaining in the part which wholly corrupt's the temper thereof Moreover oft-times beeing healed it hath left an Alopecia behinde it a great shame to the Surgeons Which is the reason that most of them judge it best to leave the cure thereof to Empericks and women CHAP. III. Of the Vertigo or Giddinesse THe Vertigo is a sudden darkning of the eyes and sight by a vaporous and hot spirit which ascendeth to the head by the sleepy arteries and fills the brain What the Vertigo is and the causes thereof disturbing the humors and spirits which are contained there and tossing them unequally as if one ran round or had drunk too much wine This hot spirit oft-times riseth from the heart upwards by the internal sleepy arteries to the Rete mirabile or wonderfull net otherwhiles it is generated in the brain it self being more hot than is fitting also it oft-times ariseth from the stomach spleen liver and other entrails being too hot The Signs The sign of this disease is the sudden darkning of the sight and the closing up as it were of the eyes the body being lightly turned about or by looking upon whee is running round or whirle-pits in waters or by looking down any deep or steep places If the original of the disease proceed from the brain the patients are troubled with the headache heaviness of the head and noise in the ears and oft-times they lose their smell Lib. 6. Paulus Aegineta for the cure bids us to open the arteries of the temples But if the matter of the disease arise from some other place as from some of the lower entrails such opening of an artery little availeth Wherefore then some skilfull Physician must be consulted with who may give directions for phlebotomy if the original of the disease proceed from the heat of the entrails by purging if occasioned by the foulness of the stomach But if such a Vertigo be a critical symptom of some acuse disease affecting the Crisis by vomit or bleeding A critical Vertigo then the whole business of freeing the patient thereof must be committed to nature CHAP. IV. Of the Hemicrania or Megrim THe Megrim is properly a disease affecting the one side of the head right or left It sometimes passeth no higher than the temporal muscles otherwhiles it reacheth to the top of the crown The cause of such pain proceedeth either from the veins and external arteries or from the Meninges or from the very substance of the brain or from the pericranium or the hairy scalp covering the pericranium or lastly from putrid vapours arising to the head from the ventricle womb or other inferiour member Yet an external cause may bring this affect to wit the too hot or cold constitution of the encompassing air drunkenness gluttony the use of hot and vaporous meats some noisom vapour or smoak as of Antimony quick silver or the like drawn up by the nose which is the reason that Goldsmiths and such as gild metals are commonly troubled with this disease But whensoever the cause of the evil proceedeth it is either a simple distemper or with matter with matter I say which again is either simple or compound Now this affect is either alone The differences or accompanied with other affects as inflammation and tension The heaviness of head argues plenty of humor pricking beating and tension shewes that there is a plenty of vapours mixed with the humors and shut up in the nervous arterious or membranous body of the head If the pain proceed from the inflamed Meninges a feaver followeth thereon especially if the humor causing pain do putrefie If the pain be superficiary it is seated in the pericranium If profound deep and piercing to the bottom of the eyes it is an argument that the meninges are affected and a feaver ensues if there be inflammation and the matter putrefie and then oft-times the tormenting pain is so great and grievous that the patient is afraid to have his head touched if it be but with your finger neither can he away with any noise or small murmuring nor light nor smells however sweet no nor the fume of Wine In what kinde of Megrim the opening of an Artery is good The pain is sometimes continual othetwhiles by fits If the cause of the pain proceed from hot thin and vaporous blood which will yield to no medecins a very necessary profitable and speedy remedy may be had by opening an artery in the temples whether the disease proceed from the internal or external vessels For hence alwayes ensueth an evacuation of the conjunct matter blood and spirits I have experimented this in many but especially in the Prince de la Roche-sur-you His Physicians when he was
so it may hinder the lips from joining together again Then shall you apply a plaister upon the lint and so binde up the part with a fitting ligature that may somewhat press upon the whole eye lest it should lift it self somewhat upwards again and so return into its ancient but not natural figure But in cutting the skin you must take care that your incision harm not the gristle for if it be cut the eye-lid falls down neither can it be afterwards lifted up But now for the lower eye-lid it is subject to sundry diseases amongst which there is one which answereth in proportion to that which we late mentioned which is when as it is lifted upwards little or nothing but hangs and gapes and cannot be joyned with the upper Ectiopion or the turning up or out of the eye-lid and therefore it doth not cover the eye which affect is familiar to old people it is called Ectropion and it may be helped by means formerly delivered CHAP. VII Of the Chalazion or Hail-stone and the Hordeolum or Barly-corn of the Eye-lids THe Chalazion is a round and cleer pimple which growes upon the upper eye-lid Paul cap. 6. lib. 6. it is also moveable and may be stirred this way and that way with your singers The Latines call it Grande for that it resembles a hail-stone Another pimple not much like this growes sometimes upon the verges of the eye-lids above the place of the hairs It is termed Hordeolum by reason of the similitude it hath with a barly-corn The matter of these is contained in its proper cist or skin The cure and therefore is hardly brought to suppuration At the first beginning it may be resolved and discussed But when as it is once grown and concrete into a plaster or stone-like hardness it is scarce curable Wherefore it is best to perform the cure by opening them that so the contained matter may slow or be pressed forth If the pimple or swelling be small then thrust it through with a needle and thread and leave the thread therein of such length that you may fasten the ends thereof with a little of the emplaister called Gratia Dei like glue to the forehead if it be on the upper eye-lid or to the cheeks if on the lower You must draw through a fresh one every second day as is usually done in chirurgical setons For thus at length the swelling will be destroyed and made plain CHAP. VIII Of the Hydatis or fatness of the Eye-lids THe Hydatis is a certain fatty substance like a piece of fat What Hydatis is seated and lying under the skin of the upper eye-lid It is a disease incident to children who are of a more humid nature wherefore it is a soft and loose tumor making the whole eye-lid which it possesseth oedematous so that as if depressed with a weight it cannot be lifted up It hath its name for that it hath as it were a bladder distended with a whayish humor which kinde of fault is observed by Galen in the liver Those who are thus affected Com. ad aphor 55. sect 7. have their eyes look red and flow with tears neither can they behold the Sun or endure the light The cure is performed by cutting off the superfluous substance The cure not hurting the neighbouring parts and then presently put some salt into the place whence it was taken out unless the vehemency of pain hinder that so the place may be dried and strengthened and the rest of the matter if any such be may be consumed and hindred from growing again Lastly you shall cover the whole eye with the white of an egg dissolved in rose-water or some other repercussive CHAP. IX Of the Eye-lids fastened or glewed together SOmetimes it cometh to pass that the upper eye-lid is glewed or fastened to the under so that the eye cannot be opened or so that the one of them may stick or be fastened to the white coat of the eye Paulus cap. 15. lib. 6. or to the horny This fault is sometimes drawn from the first original that is by the default of the forming faculty in the womb for thus many Infants are born with their fingers fastened together with their fundaments privities and ears unperforated the eye in all other respects being well composed The cause The cause of this affect sometimes proceeds from a wound otherwhiles from a burn scald or impostumation as the breaking of the small-pox It is cured by putting in a fit instrument and so opening them but with such moderation that you touch not the horny coat The cure for otherwise it would fall out Therefore you must put the end or point of your probe under the eye-lids and so lifting them up that you hurt not the substance of the eye divide them with a crooked incision-knife The incision made let the white of an egg beaten with some rose-water be put into the eye let the eye-lids be kept open yea let the patient himself be carefull that he often turn it upwards and lift it up with his fingers not only that the medicine may be applyed to the ulcer but also that they may not grow together again In the night time let a little pledget dipped in water and that either simple or wherein some vitriol hath been dissolved be laid thereon For thus you shall hinder the eye-lids from joyning together again Then on the third day the parts or edges of the eye-lids shall be touched with waters drying without biting or acrimony that so they may be cicatrized But if the eye-lid adhere to the horny-coat at the pupilla or apple of the eye the patient will either be quite blinde or very ill of sight For the scar which ensues will hinder the shapes of things from entring to the chrystaline humor and the visive spirits from passing forth to the objects For prognosticks you may learn out of Celsus that this cure is subject to a relapse so that it may be shunned neither by diligence nor industry A disease subject to relapse but that the ey-lid will always adhere and cleave to the eye CHAP. X. Of the itching of the eye-lids MAny have their eye-lids itch vehemently by reason of salt phlegm which oftentimes excoriating and exulcerating the parts themselves yields a sanies which joyns together the eye-lids in the night time as if they were glewed together and makes them watry and bleared This affect doth so torment the Patients that it oft-times makes them require the Physitians help Wherefore general medicines being premised A detergent Collyâ—ium the ulcers shall be wasned with the following Collyrium â„ž aquae mellis in balneo mariae distillatae â„¥ iij. saccari candiÊ’ j. aloes lotae in pollinem redactaeÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium Which if it do no good you may use this which follows â„ž Vng Aegyptiac Ê’j dissolve in aquae plantiginis quantitate sufficienti Let the ulcerated eye-lids be touched with a soft linnen
fingers into the neck of the womb for that the bladder is nearer the neck of the womb than it is to the right gut Wherefore the fingers thus thrust in a Catheter shall bee presently put into the neck of the bladder This Catheter must bee hollow or slit on the outside like those before described but not crooked but straight as you may perceiv by the following figure A Catheter upon which being put into the bladder the neck thereof may bee cut to draw out a stone from a woman Upon this instrument the neck of the bladder may bee cut and then with the Dilater made for the same purpose the incision shall bee dilated as much as need require's yet with this caution that seeing the neck of a womans bladder is the shorter it admit's not so great dilation as a mans for otherwise there is danger that it may com to the bodie of the bladder whence an involuntarie shedding of the water may ensue and continue thereafter The incision beeing dilated the Surgeon putting one or two of his fingers into the neck of the womb shall press the bottom of the bladder and then thrust his crooked instruments or forcipes in by the wound and with these hee shall easily pluck out the stone which hee shall keep with his fingers from slipping back again Yet Laurence Collo the King 's Surgeon and both his sons than whom I do not know whether ever there were better cutters for the stone do otherwise perform this operation for they do not thrust their fingers into the fundament or neck of the womb but contenting themselvs with putting in onely the guiders whereof wee formerly made mention into the passage of the urine they presently thereupon make straight incision directly at the mouth of the neck of the bladder and not on the side as is usually don in men Then they gently by the same way thrust the forcipes hollowed on the out-side formerly delineated and so dilate the wound by tearing it as much as shall bee sufficient for the drawing of the stone forth of the bladder The residue of the cure is the same with that formerly mentioned in men yet this is to bee added that iâ— an ulcer grow in the neck of the bladder by reason of the rending it you may by putting in the speculum matricis dilate the neck of the womb that fitting remedies may bee applied with the more eas CHAP. XLVIII Of the suppression of the Vrine by internal causes BEsides the fore-mentioned causes of suppressed urine or difficultie of making of water there are manie other least anie may think that the urine is stop't onely by the stone or gravel In suppression of the urine wee must not presently flie to diureticks as Surgeons think who in this case presently use diureticks Therefore the urine is supprest by external and internal causes The internal causes are clotted blood tough phlegm warts caruncles bred in the passages of the urine stones and gravel the urine is somtimes supprest becaus the matter thereof to wit the serous or whayish part of the blood is either consumed by the feverish heat or carried other waies by sweats or a scouring somtimes also the flatulencie there conteined or inflammation arising in the parts made for the urine and the neighboring members suppresse's the urine For the right gut if it bee inflamed intercept's the passage of the urine either by a tumor whereby it presseth upon the bladder or by the communication of the inflammation Thus by the default of an ill-affected liver the urine is oft-times supprest in such as have the dropsie or els by dulness or decay of the attractive or separative facultie of the reins by som great distemper or by the default of the animal-facultie as in such as are in a phrensie lethargie convulsion apoplexie Besides also a tough and viscid humor falling from the whole body into the passages of the urine obstruct's and shut's up the passage Also too long holding the water somtimes cause 's this affect For when the bladder is distended above measure the passage thereof is drawn together and made more straight hereto may bee added that the too great distension of the bladder is a hinderance that it cannot use the expulsive facultie Why the too long holding the urine causeth the suppression thereof straighten it self about the urine to the exclusion thereof hereto also pain succeed's which presently deject's all the faculties of the part which is seized upon Thus of late a certain young man riding on hors-back before his mistress and therefore not dareing to make water An historie when hee had great need so to do had his urine so supprest that returning from his journie home into the citie hee could by no means possible make water In the mean time hee had grievous pain in the bottom of his bellie and the perinaeum with gripeings and a sweat all over his bodie so that hee almost swooned I beeing called when I had procured him to make water by putting in a hollow Catheter and pressing the bottom of his bellie whereof hee forthwith made two pintes I told them that it was not occasioned by the stone which notwithstanding the standers by imagined to bee the occasion of that suppression oâ— urine For thence forward there appeard no signs of the stone in the youth neither was hee afterwards troubled with the stopping of his urine CHAP. XLIX A digression concerning the purgeing of such things as are unprofitable in the whole bodie by the urine I Think it not amiss to testifie by the following histories the providence of nature in expelling by urine such things as are unprofitable in the whole bodie An historie Mounsieur Sarret the King's secretarie was wounded in the right arm with a pistol-bullet manie and malign symptoms happened thereuppon but principally great inflammations flowing with much sanies and pus or quitture it somtimes happened that without anie reason this purulent sanious efflux of matter was staied in inflammation whereof while wee sollicitously inquired the caus wee found both his stools and water commixed with much purulent filth and this through the whole cours of the diseas whereof notwithstanding by God's assistance hee recovered and remain's whole and sound wee observed that as long as his arm flowed with this filthie matter so long were his excrements of the bellie and bladder free from the sanious and purulent matter as long on the contrarie as the ulcers of the arm were drie so long were excrements of the guts and bladder sanious and purulent The same accident befel a Gentleman called Mounsieur de la Croix who received a deadly wound with a sword on the left arm An historie though German Cheval and Master Rass most expert Surgeons and others who together with mee had him in cure thought it was not so for this reason becaus the pus cannot run so long a way in the bodie neither if it were
abscesses upon the sternon the joynts of the shoulders whose eating and virulent matter corroded the bones of the sternon and divided them in sunder also it consumed a great part of the top of the shoulder bone and the head of the blade-bone of this thing I had witnesses with me Marcus Myron Physician of Paris and at this present the Kings chief physician John Doreau Surgeon to to the Conte de Bryane the body being dissected in their presence Also you may observe in many killed by the malignity of this disease and dissected that it causeth such impression of corruption in the principal parts as brings the dropsie What greivous and pernitious symptoms may happen by the small Pox. ptisick a horseness Asthma bloody flux ulcerating the guts and at length bringeth death as the pustles have raged or raigned over these or these entrails as you see them do over the surface of the body for they do not onely molest the external parts by leaving the impressions scars of the postles ulcers rooting themselves deep in the flesh but also oftimes then take away the faculty of motion eating asunder weakning the joynts of the elbow wrest knee ancle Moreover sundry have been deprived of their sight by them as the Lord Guymenay others have lost their hearing and othersome the smelling a fleshy excrescence growing in the passages of the nose and ears But if any reliques of the disease remain and that the whole matter thereof be expelled by the strength of nature then symptoms afterwards arise which savor of the malignity of the humor yea and equal the harm of the symptoms of the Lues Venerea CHAP. II. Of the cure of the Small Pox and Meazles THe cure of this disease useth to be divers The cure according to the Condition of the humor free from or partaker of the venenate quality For if it partake of malignity and the childe be a suckling childe such things shall be given to the Nurse as may infringe and overcome the strength of the malignity as we shall shew more at large when we come to treat of the cure of children which are sick of the Plague howsoever it be the childe must be kept in a warm room free from winde and must be wrapped and covered with scarlet cloaths untill the pox come forth There shall be provided for the Nurse medicated broths with purslain lettuce sortel succory borage and French barly bound up in a cloth She shall shun all salt spiced and baked meats and in stead of wine drink a decoction of liquorice raisons and sorrel roots She shall also take purgeing medicins as if she were sick of the same disease that so her milk may become medicinable Lastly shee shall observe the same diet as is usually prescribed to such as have the plague You shall give the childe no pap or if you give it any let it be very little But if the childe be weaned The childe must have no pap let him abstain from flesh until the feaver have left him and the pox be fully come forth in stead of flesh let him feed on barly and almond creames chicken broths wherein the fore-named herbs have been boyled panadoes gellies culasses prunes and raisons Let his drink be a ptisan made of French barly grass and sorrel roots or with a nodula containing the four cold seeds the pulp of prunes and raisons with the shavings of Ivory and harts-horn between meals the same decoction may be mixed with some syrup of violets but not of roses or any other astringent syrup lest we hinder the course and inclination of the humor outwards Let his sleep be moderate How found sleep doth harm in this disease Of purgeing bleeding and sudorificks for too sound sleep draws back the matter to the center and increaseth the fever you must neither purge nor draw blood the disease increasing or being at the height unless peradventure there be a great plentitude or else the disease complicate with other as with a plurifie inflammation of the eyes or a squinancy which require it lest the motion of nature should be disturbed but you shall think it sufficient to loose the belly with a gentle glyster but when the height of the disease is over and in the declension thereof you may with Cassia or some stronger medicine evacuate part of the humors and the reliques of the disease But in the state and increase it is better to use sudorificks which by attenuateing the humors and relaxing the pores of the skin may drive the cause of the disease from the center to the circumference which otherwise resideing in the body might be a cause of death An history as I and Richard Hubert observed in two maids whereof one was four and the other seventeen years old for we dissecting them both being dead found their entrails covered with scabby or crusted pustles like those that break forth upon the skin Wee must not think that a bleeding at nose at the beginning of the disease or in the first four or five daies should carry away the matter and original of the disease for nevertheless the pox will come forth but for that this is a true and natural Crisis of this disease as that which is carried to the surface and circumference of the body such bleeding must not be stopped unless you fear it will cause swounding A sudorifick decoction The matter shall be drawn forth with a decoction of figs husked lentils citron-seeds the seeds of fennel parslie smallage roots of grass raisons and dates For such a decoction certainly if is have power to cause sweat hath also a faculty to send forth unto the skin the morbifick humor the seeds of fennel and the like opening things relax and open the pores of the skin figs lenifie the acrimony of the matter and gently cleanse the lentils keep the jaws and throat and all the inward parts from pustles and hinder a flux by reason of their moderate astriction but haveing their husks on they would binde more then is required in the disease dates are thought to comfort the stomach and citron-seeds to defend the heart from malignity licorish to smooth the throat and hinder hoarsness and cause sweat But these things shall be given long after meat When it is best to procure sweat for it is not fit to sweat presently after meat some there be who would have the childe wrapped in linnen clothes steeped in this decoction being hot and afterwards hard wrung forth Yet I had rather to use bladders or spunges or hot bricks for the same purpose certainly a decoction of millet figs and raisons with some sugar causeth sweat powerfully Neither is it amiss whilst the patient is covered in all other parts of the body and sweats to fan his face for thus the native heat is kept in anb so strengthned and fainting hindred and a greater excretion of excrementitious humors caused To which purpose
face for that doth recreate the strength If the flux or lask trouble him he may very well use to drink steeled water and also boiled milk wherein many stones coming 〈◊〉 not out of the fire have been many times quenched For driness or roughness of the mouth For the driness and roughness of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the seeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oil of sweet Almonds mixed with a little syrup of Violets If the roughness breed or degenerate into ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because we have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water For the Ulcers thereof I have here thought good to speak somewhat of the choice and goodness of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boil meat and make broths therewith The choice of waters Many think that rain-water which falls in summer and is kept in a cistern well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runs out of the tops of mountains through rocks cliffs and stones in the third place they put Well-water or that which riseth from the foots of hills Also the river-water is good that is taken out of the midst or stream Lake or pond-water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitful of and stored with many venomous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthly nature But of Spring and Well-waters these are to be judged the best which are insipid without smell and colour such as are clear warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot Hip. sect 5 â—phor 26. and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner of puls turnips and the like are easily and quickly boiled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have clear voices and shril their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to be used in the Plague NOw we must treat of the proper cure of this disease which must be used as soon as may be possible because this kind of poyson in swiftness exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the air is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humors in the body are soon infected with the vicinity of such an air so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his own nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the Cure with blood-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes Wee The beginning of the cure must be by Antidotes taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specifick property it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not only because they do infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they drive and expel it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scouring and such other kinds of evacuations In what quantity they must be taken The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may be sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantity then needeth lest it should overthrow our nature for whose preservation only it is used therefore that which cannot be taken together at once must be taken at several times that some portion thereof may daily be used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Why poysonous things are put into Antidotes Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the Antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chief impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carried into another There are other absolutely poysonous which nevertheless are Antidotes one unto another Some poysons Antidotes to other some as a Scorpion himself cureth the pricks of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repair and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not only being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaff and digest it when it is drawn and spoil and rob it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his book de Thearicâ ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiment But you will say that these things are hot and that the plague is often accompanied with a burning fever But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the fever as in the pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seem to neglect the fever but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordial-cooling medicines as with the Trochises of Camphire syrup of Lemmons of water-Lillies the water of Sorrel and such like And for the same cause we ought not to chuse old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two years old to those that are strong you may give half a dram and to those that are more weak a dram How to walk after the taking of an Antidote The patient ought to walk presently after he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to be infected do not cease to course and run up and down untill they have no strength to sustain their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice
be under-layed whither the foot did incline before it was restord The form of little Boots whereof the one is open and the other shut CHAP. XII By what means Arms Legs and Hands may bee made by art and placed in stead of the natural Arms Legs or Hands that are cut off and lost NEcessitie oftentimes constrain's us to finde out the means whereby wee may help and imitate nature and supplie the defect of members that are perished and lost And hereof it cometh that wee may perform the functions of going standing and handling with arms and hands made by art and undergo our necessarie flexions and extensions with both of them I have gotten the forms of all those members made so by art and the proper names of all the Engines and Instuments whereby those artificially made are called to my great cost and charges of a most ingenuous and excellent Smith dwelling at Paris who is called of those that know him and also of strangers by no other name than the little Lorain and here I have caâ—ssed them to be portraied or set down that those that stand in need of such things after the example of them may caus som Smith or such like work-man to serv them in the like case They are not onely profitable for the necessitie of the bodie but also for the decencie and comliness thereof And here followeth their forms The form of an Hand made artificially of iron This figure following sheweth the back-side of an Hand artificially made and so that it may bee tied to the arm or sleev The form of an Arm made of iron verie artificially The description of Leggs made artificially of iron The form of a wodden Leg made for poor men A. Sheweth the stump or stock of the woodden Leg. BB. Sheweth the two staies which must bee on both sides of the Leg the shorter of them must bee on the inner side CC. sheweth the pillow or â—â—lster whereon the knee must rest in the bottom betweene the two staies that so it may rest the softer DD. Sheweth the thongs or girths with their round buckles put through the two staies on either side to stay the knee in his place firm and immoovable that it slip not aside E. Sheweth the thigh it self that you may know after what fashion it must stand It happen's also manie times that the patient that had the nervs or tendons of his Leg wounded long after the wound is whole and consolidated cannot go but with verie great pain and torment by reason that the foot cannot follow the muscle that should draw it up That this maladie may bee remedied you ought to fasten a linnen band made verie strong unto the shoo that the patient weareth on that his pained foot and at the knee it must have a slit where the knee may com forth in bowing of the Leg and it must bee trussed up fast unto the patient 's middle that it may the better lift up and erect the foot in going This band is marked in the figure following with the letters AA CHAP. XIII Of amending or helping lameness or halting HAlting is not only a great deformity but also very troublesome and grievous Therefore if that any be grieved therewith by reason that one of his legs is shorter then the other it may be holpen by putting under his short foot this sitting crutch which we are now â—â—out to describe For by the help of this he shall not only go upright but also more easily and with little labor or no pain at all It was taught me by Nicolas Piccard Chirurgian to the Duke of Lâ—â—in The form thereof is this A. Sheweth the staff or stilt of this crutch which must be made of wood B. Sheweth the seat of iron â—hereon the thigh resteth just under the buttock C. Sheweth a prop which stayeth up the seat whereon all the weight of the Patients body resteth D. Sheweth the stirrup being made of iron and bowing crooked upwards that the foot may stand firm and not slip off it when the Patient goeth E. Sheweth the prop that stayeth or holdeth up the stirrup to strengthen it F. Sheweth the foot of the stilt or crutch made of iron with many pikes and compassed with a ring or ferule so to keep it from slipping G. The cross or head of the crutch which the Patient must put under his arm-hole to lean upon as it is to be seen in the figure The end of the three and twentieth Book The FOUR and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the GENERATION of MAN THE PREFACE The distinction of male and female GOD the Creator and maker of all things immediately after the Creation of the World of his unspeakable counsel and inestimable wisdom not onâ—y distinguisâ—ed mankinde â—uâ— all 〈◊〉 living Creatures also into a double sex to wit of Male and Female that so they 〈◊〉 moved and enticed by the allurements of lust might desire copulation thence to have â—â—â—creation The cause of this distinction For this bountiful Lord hath appointed it as a solace unto every living creature against the most certain and fatal necessity of death than for as much as each particuâ— living creature cannot continue for ever yet they may endure by their species or kind by prâ—pagation and succession of creatures which is by procreation so long as the world endureth In this conjunction or 〈◊〉 repleniâ—hed with such delectable pleasure which God hath chiefly established by the law of Matrimony the male and female yield forth their seeds which presently mixed and conjoyned are received and kept in the females womb What seed is For the seed is a certain spumâ—us â—r foamy humor replenished with vital spirit by the benâ—fit whereof as it were by a certain ebullition or fermentation it is puffed up and swoln bigger and both the seeds being separated from the more pure bloud of both the Parents are the material and formal beginning of the issuâ— for the seed of the male being cast and received into the womb is accounted the principal and efficient cause but the seed of the female is reputed the subjâ—cent matter or the matter wherein it worketh Gooâ— and laudable seed ought to be white The conditions of good seed shining clammy knotty smelling like unto the elder or palm delectable to Bees and sinking down in the bottom of water being put into it for that which swimmeth on the water is esteemed unfruitful for a great portion cometh from the brain yet sâ—me thereof falls from the whâ—le bâ—dy and from all the parts both firm and soft thereof Seed falleth from all the parts of the body For unless it come from the whole body and every part thereof all and every part of the issue cannot be formed thereby because like things are engendred of theâ—â— like and therefore it cometh that the childe resemâ—leth the Parents not only in stature and favâ—ur but also in the conformation and proportion of his limbs and members and complexion and
temperature of his inâ—ward parts so that disâ—ases are oft times hereditary the weakness of this or that entral being translated from the parent to the child Wherefore many diseases are heredetary How seed is to be understood to faâ—l from the whole body There are some which suppose this falling of the seed from the whole bodie not to â—e uâ—derstood according to the weight and matter as if it were a certain portion of all the bloud separated from the rest but according to the power and form that is to say the animal natural and vital spirits being the frâ—mers of formation and life and also the formative faculty to fall down from all the parts into the seed that is wrought or perfected by the Testicles for proof and confirmation whereof they alledge that many perfect sound absolute and well proportioned children are born of â—ame and decrepit Parents CHAP. I. Why the generative parts are endued with great pleasure What moveth a man to copulation A Certain great pleasure accompanieth the function of the parts appointed for generation and before it in living creatures that are of a lusty age when matter aboundeth in those parts there goeth a certain fervent or furious desire the causes thereof many of which the chiefest is That the kind may be preserved and kept for ever by the propagation and substitâ—tion of other living creatures of the same kind For brute beasts which want reason and therefore cannot be sol citous for the preservation of their kind never come to carâ—al copulation unless they be moved thereunto by a certain vehement provocation of unbridled lust and as it were by the stimulation of Venery But man that is endued with reason being a divine and most noble creature would never yield nor make his minde subject to a thing so abject and filthy as is carnal copulation but that the Venereous ticklings raised in those parts relax the severity of his minde or reason admonisheth him that the memory of his name ought not to end with his life but to be preserved unto all generations as far as may be possible by the propagation of hâ—s seed or issue Therefore by reason of this profit or commodity nature hath endued the genitals with a far more exact or exquisite sense then the other parts by sending the great sinews unto them and moreover she hath caused them to be bedewed or moistned with a certain whayish humor not much unlike the seed sent from the glandules or kernels called prostata situated in men at the beginning of the neck of the bladder but in women at the bottom of the womb this moisture hath a certain sharpness or biting for that kind of humors of all others can chiefly provoke those parts to their function or office and yeeld them a d lectable pleasure while they are in execution of the same For even so whayish and sharp humors when they are gathered together under the skin if they wax warm tickle with a certain pleasant itching and by their motion infer delight but the nature of the genital parts or members is not stirred up or provoked to the expulsion of the seed with these provocations of the humors abounding either in quantity or quality only but a certain great and hot spirit or breath contained in those parts doth begin to dilate it self more and more which causeth a certain incredible excess of pleasure or voluptuousness wherewith the genitals being replete are spread forth or distended every way unto their ful greatness The yard is given to men whereby they may cast out their seed directly or straitly into the womans womb and the the neck of the womb to women whereby they may receive that seed so cast forth by the open or wide mouth of the same neck and also that they may cast forth their own seed sent through the speâ—matick vessels unto their testicles The cause of folding of the spermatick vessels these spermatick vessels that is to say the vein lying above and the artery lying below do make many flexions or windings yet one as many as the other like unto the tendâ—ils of vines diversly platted or folded together and in those folds or bendings the blood and spirit which are carried unto the testiles are concocted a longer time and so converted into a white seminal substance The lower of these flexions or bowings do end in the stones or testicles But the testicles forasmuch as they are loose thin and spongeous or hollow receiving the humor which was begun to be concocted in the fore-named vessels concoct it again themselves but the testicles of men concoct the more perfectly for the procreation of the issue and the testicles of women more imperfectly because they are more cold less weak and feeble Wâ—mens testicles more imperfect but the seed becommeth white by the contact or touch of the testicles because the substance of them is white The male is such as engendreth in another and the female in her self by the spermatick vessels which are implanted in the inner capacity of the womb Why many men and women abhor venerous copulation But out of all doubt unless nature had prepared so many allurements baits and provocations of pleasure there is scarce any man so hot and delighted in venerous acts which considering and marking the pâ—ace appointed for humane conception the loathsomness of the filth which daily falleth down into it and wherewithall it is humected and moistned and the vicinity and nearness of the great gut under it and of the bladder above it but would shun the embraces of women Nor would any women desire the company of man which once premeditates or fore-thinks with her self on the labour that she should sustain iâ— bearing the burthen of her childe nine moneths and of the almost deadly pains that she shall suffer in her delivery Men that use too frequent copulation Why the str ngury ensueth immoderate copulation oftentimes in stead of seed cast forth a crude and bloody humor and sometimes meer blood it self and oft-times they can hardly make water but with great pain by reason that the clammy and oily moisture which nature hath placed in the glandules called prostatae to make the passage of the urine slippery and to defend it against the sharpness of the urine that passeth through it is wasted so that afterward they shall stand in need of rhe help of a Surgeon to cause them to make water with ease and without pain by injecting of a little oyl out of a Syringe into the conduit of the yard What things necessary unto generation For in generation it is fit the man cast forth his seed into the womb with a certain impetuosity his yard being stiff and distended and the woman to receive the same without delay into her womb being wide open lest that through delay the seed wax cold and so become unfruitful by reason that the spirits are dissipated and consumed The yard is
distended or made stiff when the nervous spongeous and hollow substance thereof is replete and puffed up with a flatulent spirit The womb allures or drawes the masculine seed into it self by the mouth thereof and it receives the womans seed by the horns from the spermatick vessels which come from the testicles into the hollowness or concavity of the womb that so it may be tempered by conjunction commission and confusion with the mans seed and so reduced or brought unto a certain equality for generation or conception cannot follow without the concourse of two seeds well and perfectly wrought in the very same moment of time nor without a laudable disposition of the womb both in temperature and complexion Why a male and why a female is engendred if in this mixture of seeds the mans seed in quality and quantity exceed the womans it will be a man-childe if not a woman-childe although that in either of the kindes there is both the mans and womans seed as you may see by the daily experience of those men who by their first wives have had boyes only and by their second wives had girls only the like you may see in certain women who by their first husbands have had males only and by their second husbands females only Moreover one and the same man is not alwaies like affected to get a man or woman-childe for by reason of his age temperature and diet he doth sometimes yeeld forth seed endued with a masculine virtue and sometimes with a feminine or weak virtue so that it is no marvel if men get sometimes men and sometimes women-children CHAP. II. Of what quality the seed is whereof the male and whereof the female is engendred MAle Children are engendred of a more hot and dry seed and women of a more cold and moist for there is much less strength in cold then in heat Why men children are sooner formed in the womb 〈◊〉 then womâ—n and likewise in moisture then in driness and that is the cause why it will be longer before a girle is formed in the womb then a boy In the seed lieth both the procreative and the formative power as for exâ—mple In the power of Melon-seed are situate the stalks branches leaves flowers The seed is that in power from whence each thing cometh or floweth Why the children are most commonly like unto their Fathers fruit the form colour smell seed and all The like reason is of other seeds so Apple-grafts engrafted in the stock of a Pear-tree bear Apples and we do alwaies finde and see by experience that the tree by virtue of grafting that is grafted doth convert it self into the nature of the Siens wherewith it is grafted But although the childe that is born doth resemble or is very like unto the Father or Mother as his or her seed exceedeth in the mixture yet for the most part it happeneth that the children are more like unto the father then mother because that in the time of copulation the minde of the woman is more fixed on her husband then the minde of the husband on or towards his wife for in the time of copulation or conception the forms or the likenesse of those things that are conceived or kept in minde are transported and impressed in the childe or issue for so they affirm that there was a certain Queen of the Aethiopians who brought forth a white childe the reason was as shee confessed that at the time of copulation with her King she thought on a marvelous white thing with a very strong imagination Therefore Hesiod advertiseth all married people not to give themselves to carnal copulation when they return from burials When children should be gotten but when they come from feasts and plaies left that their said heavy and pensive cogitations should be so transfused and engraften in the issue that they should contaminate or infect the pleasant joyfulness of his life with sad Why oftentimes the childe resembleth the Grandfather pensive or passionate thoughts Sometimes it happeneth although very seldome the childe is neither like the father nor the mother but in favor resembleth his Grandfather or any other of his kindred by reason that in the inward parts of the parents the engrafted power and nature of the Grandfather lieth hidden which when it hath lurked there long not working any effect at length breaks forth by means of some hidden occasion wherein nature resembleth the Painter making the lively portraiture of a thing which as far as the subject matter will permit doth form the issue like unto the parents in every habit so that often-times the diseases of the parents are transferred or participated unto the children as it were by a certain hereditary title for those that are crook-backt get crook-backt children those that are lame lame those that are leprous leprous those that have the stone children having the stone those that have the ptisick children having the ptisick and those that have the gout children having the gout for the seed follows the power nature temperature and complexion of him that engendreth it Why sometimes those that are diseased do get sound children Therefore of those that are in health and sound healthie and sound and of those that are weak and diseased weak and diseased children are begotten unless happily the seed of one of the parents that is sound doth correct or amend the diseased impression of the other that is diseased or else the temperate and sound womb as it were by the gentle and pleasant breath thereof CHAP. III. What is the cause why Females of all brute beasts being great with young do neither desire nor admit the males until they have brought forth their Young Why the sense of Venereo us acts is given to brute beasts THe cause hereof is forasmuch as they are moved by sense only they apply themselves unto the thing that is present very little or nothing at all perceiving things that are past and to come Therefore after they have conceived they are unmindful of the pleasure that is past and do abhor copulation for the sense or feeling of lust is given unto them by nature Why of brute beasts the males rageing with lust follow after the females Wherefore a woman when she is with childe desireth copulation only for the preservation of their kinde and not for voluptuousness or delectation But the males rageing swelling and as it were stimulated by the provocations of the heat or fervency of their lust do then run unto them follow and desire copulation because a certain strong odor or smell commeth into the air from their secret or genital parts which pierceth into their nostrils and unto their brain and so inserteth an imagination desire and heat Contrariwise the sense and feeling of Venerous actions seemeth to be given by nature to women not only for the propagation of issue and for the conservation of mankinde but also to mitigate and asswage the
conformation must be speedily amended as it often happeneth For if any such cover or stop the orifices of the ears nostrils mouth yard or womb it must be cut in sunder by the Chirurgian and the passage must be kept open by putting in of tents pessaries or dosels left otherwise they should joyn together again after they are cut If he have one finger more then he should naturally if his fingers do cleave close together like unto the feet of a Goose or Duck if the ligamental membrane that is under the tongue be more short and stiffer then it ought that the infant cannot suck nor in time to come speak by reason thereof and if there be any other thing contrary to nature it must be all amended by the industry of some expert Chirurgian Many times in children newly born there sticketh on the inner side of their mouth and on their tongue a certain chalky substance both in colour and in consistence this affect proceeding from the distemperature of the mouth the French-men call it the white Cancer Remedies for the Cancer in a childes mouth It will not permit the infant to suck and will shortly breed and degenerate into ulcers that will creep into the jawes and even unto the throat and unless it be cleansed speedily will be their death For remedy whereof it must be cleansed by Detersives as with a linnen cloth bound to a little stick and dippped in a medicine of an indifferent consistence made with oil or sweet almonds hony and sugar For by rubbing this gently on it the filth may be mollified and so cleansed or washed away Moreover it will be very meet and convenient to give the infant one spoonful of oil of almonds to make his belly loose and slippery to asswage the roughness of the weason and gul let and to dissolve the tough phlegm which causeth a cough and sometimes difficulty of breathing If the eye-lids cleave together or if they be joyned together or agglutinated to the coats cornea or adnata if the watery tumor called hydroccephalos affect the head then must they be cured by the proper remedies formerly prescribed against each disease Many from their birth have spots or markes which the common people of France call Signes that is marks or signs Some of these are plain and equal with the skin others are raised up in little tumors and like unto warts some have hairs upon them many times they are smooth black or pale yet for the most part red When they rise in the face they spread abroad thereon many times with great deformity Many think the cause thereof to be a certain portion of menstrual matter cleaving to the sides of the womb comming of a fresh flux if happily a man do yet use copulation with the woman or else distilling out of the veins into the womb mixed concorporated with the seeds at that time when they are congealed infecting this or that part of the issue being drawn out of the seminal body with their own colour Women referr the cause thereof unto their longing when they are with childe which may imprint the image of the thing they long for or desire in the childe or issue that is not as yet formed as the force and power of imagination in humane bodies is very great but when the childe is formed no imagination is able to leave the impression of any thing in it no more then it could cause horns to grow on the head of King Chypus as he slept presently after he was returned from attentively beholding Bulls fighting together Some of those spots be cureable others not as those that are great An old fable of King Chypus and those that are on the lips nostrils and eye-lids But those that are like unto warts because they are partakers of a certain malign quality and melancholick matter which may be irritated by endeavouring to cure them are not to be medled with at all for being troubled and angered Which uncureable Which and how they are cureable they soon turn into a Cancer which they call Noli me taugere Those that are curable are small and in such parts as they may be dealt withall without danger Therefore they must be pierced through by the roots with a needle and a thread and so being lifted up by the ends of the thread they most be cut away and the wound that remaineth must be cured according to the general method of wounds There are some that suppose the red spots that are raised up into little knobs and bunches may be washed away and consumed by rubbing and annointing them often with menstrual blood or the blood of the secundine or after-birth Those that are hairy and somewhat raised up like unto a Want oâ— Mouse must be pierced through the roots in three or four places and straitly bound so that at length being destitute of life and nutriment they may fall away after they are faln away the ulcer that remaineth must be cured as other ulcers are If thereby any superfluous flesh remain it must be taken away by applying Aegyptiacum or the powder of Mercury and such like but if it be doubted that it commeth from the root of the tumor that may haply remain it must be burned away by the root with oyl of vitriol or aqua fortis There is also another kinde or sort of spots of a livid or violet-colour comming especially in the face about the lips with a soft slack lax thin and unpainful tumor and the veins as if they were varicous round about it This kinde of tumor groweth greater when it ariseth on children that are wayward and crying and in men of riper years that are cholerick and angry and then it will be of a diverse colour like unto a lapper or flap of flesh that hangeth over the Turky-cocks bill When they have done crying or ceased their anger the tumor wil return to his own natural colour again But you must not attempt to cure it in people that are of these conditions CHAP. XVIII How to pull away the secundine or after-birth Why it is called the secundine I Suppose that they are called secundines because they do give the woman that is with châ—lde the second time as it were a second birth for if there be several children in the womb at once and of different sexes they then have every one their several secundines which thing is very necessary to be known by all Midwives For they do many times remain behinde in the womb when the childe is born The causes of the stâ—ying of the secundines either by reason of the weakness of the woman in travail which by contending and laboâ—ing for the birth of the childe hath spent all her strength or else by a tumor rising suddenly in the neck of the womb by reason of the long and difficult birth and the cold air unadvisedly permitted to strike into the orifice of the womb For so the liberties of
the waies or passages are stopped and made more narrow so that nothing can come forth or else because they are doubled and folded in the womb and the waters gon out from them with the infant so that they remain as it were in a dâ—ie place or else because they yet stick in the womb by the knots of the veins and arteries which commonly happeneth in those that are delivered before their time For even as apples which are not ripe cannot be pulled from the tree but by violence but when they are ripe they will fall off of their own accord so the secundine before the natural time of the birth can hardly be pulled away but by violence but at the prefixed natural time of the birth it may easily be drawn away Accidents â—hat follow the staying of the secundines The manner of drawing out the secundines that remain after the birth Many and grievous accidents follow the staying of the secundine as suffocation of the womb often swounding by reason that gross vâ—poâ—s arise from the putrefaction unto the midriff heart and brain therefore they must be pulled away with speed from the womb gently handling the navel if it may be so possibly done But if it cannot be done so the woman must be placed as she was wont when that the childe will not come forth naturally but must be drawn forth by art Therefore the midwife having her hand annointed with oil must put it gently into the womb and finding out the navel-string must follow it until it come unto the secundine and if it do as yet cleave to the womb by the Cotyledons she must shake and move it gently up and down that so when it is shaken and loosed she may draw it out gently but if it should be drawn with violence it were to be feared lest that the womb should also follow for by violent attraction some of the vessels and also some of the nervous ligaments whereby the womb is fastned on each sâ—de may be rent whereof followeth corruption of blood shed out of the vessels and thence commeth inflammation an abscess or a mortal gangrene The cause of the fal ing down of the womb Neither is there less danger of a convulsion by reason of the breaking of the nervous bodies neither is there any less danger of the falling down of the womb If that there be any knots or clods of blood remaining together with the secundine the Midwife must draw them out one by one so that not any may be left behinde The accidents that come of the vioâ—ent pulâ—ing of the womb together with the secundine Some women have voided their secundine when it could not be drawn forth by any means long after the birth of the childe by the neck of their womb piece-meal rotten and corrupted with many grievous and painful accidents Also it shall be very requisite to provoke the indeavor of the expulsive faculty by sternutatories atomatick fomentations of the neck of the womb by mollifying injections and contrariwise by applying such things to the nostrils as yield a rank savor or smell with a potion made of mug-wort and bay-berries taken in hony and wire mixed together or with half a dram of the powder of savin or with the hair of a womans head burnt and beaten to powder and given to drinke and to conclude with all things that provoke the terms or courses CHAP. XIX Whht things must be given to the infant by the mouth before he be permitted to suck the teat or dug IT will be very profitable to rub all the inner side of the childes mouth and palat gently with treacle and hony or the oil of sweet almonds extracted with fire and if you can To draw fleam from the childes mouth to cause it to swallow some of those things for thereby much flegmatick moisture will be drawn from the mouth and also wil be moved or provoked to be vomited up from the stomach for if these excremental humors shall be mixed with the milk that is sucked they would corrupt it and then the vapors that arise from the corrupted milk unto the brain would infer most pernicious accidents And you may know that there are many excremental things in the stomach and guts of children by this because that so soon as they come into the world and often before they suck milk or take any other thing they void downwards many excrements diversly colored as yellow green and black Therefore many that they may speedily evacuate the matter that causeth the fretting of the guts do not only minister those things fore-named Milk soon corrupted in a flegmatick stomach but also some laxative syrup as that that is made of damask-Roses But before the infant be put to suck the mother it is fitting to press some milk out of her brest into its mouth that so the fibres of the stomach may by little and little accustome themselves to draw in the milk CHAP. XX. That mothers ought to nurse or give surk unto their own children THat all mothers would nurse their own children were greatly to be wished The mothers milk is most familiar for the childe for the Mothers milke is far more familiar nourishment for the infant then that of any Nurse for it is nothing else but the same blood made white in the duggs wherewith before it was nourished in the womb For the mother ought not to give the childe suck for the space of a few daies after the birth but first to expect the perfect expurgation and avoiding of the excremental humors And in the mean time let her cause her breasts to be sucked of another or many other children or of some wholsome or sober maid whereby the milk may be drawn by little and little unto her breasts and also by little and little purified For a certain space after the birth the milke will be troubâ—ed and the humors of the body moved so that by long staying in the duggs it wil seem to degenerate from its natural goodness as the grossness of it is somewhat congealed the manifest heat in touching and the yellow colour thereof testifieth evidently Therefore it is necessary that others should come in place thereof when it is sucked out wherewith the infant may be nourished But if the mother or the Nurse-chance to take any disease as a Fever Scouring or any such like The disease of the Nurse is participated unto the childe let her give the childe to another to give it suck lest that the childe chance to take the Nurses diseases And moreover mothers ought to nurse their own children because for the most part they are far more vigilant and careful in bringing up and attendâ—ng their children then hired and mercenary Nurses which do not so much regard the infant as the gain they shall have by the keeping of it for the most part Those that do not nurse their own children cannot rightly be termed mothers for they do
much oyl and the in testines that are full and loaded must be underburthened of the excrements and then the expulsive faculty provoked with a sharp glyster and the tumors and swelling of the birth concurring therewith the more easie exclusion may be made But I like it rather better that the woman in travail should be placed in a chair that hath the back thereof leaning back-wards then in her bed but the chair must have a hole in the bottom whereby the bones that must be dilated in the birth may have more freedome to close themselves again CHAP. XXX The cause of Abortion or untimely birth ABortion or untimely birth is one thing and effluxion another What Abortion is They call Abbortion the sudden exclusion of the childe already formed and alive before the perfect maturity thereof But that is called effluxion which is the falling down of seeds mixed together and coagulated but for the space of a few dayes only in the formes of membrane or tunicles congealed blood and of an unshapen or deformed piece of flesh What Effluxion is the Midwives of our country call it a false branch or bud This effluxion is the cause of great pain and most bitter and cruel torment to the woman leaving behinde it weakness of body far greater then if the childe were born at the due time The causes of abortion or untimely birth Women are in more pain by reason of th effluxion then at the true birth The causes of Abortion whereof the childe as called an abortive are many as a greatscouring a strangury joined with heat and inflammation sharp fietting of the guts a great and continual cough exceeding vomiting vehement Labour in running leaping and dancing and by a great fall from an high carrying of a great burthen riding on a trotting-horse or in a Coach by vehement often and ardent copulation with men or by a great blow or stroke on the belly For all these and such like vehement and inordinate motions dissolve the ligaments of the womb and so cause abortion and untimely birth Also whatsoever presseth or girdeth in the mothers belly and therewith also the womb that is within it as are those Ivory or Whale-bone buskes which women wear on their bodies thereby to keep down their belsies by these and such like things the childe is letted or hindred from growing to his full strength so that by expression or as it were by compulsion Girding of the belly may cause untimely birth he is often forced to come forth before the legitimate and lawful time Thundering the noise of the shooting of great Ordnance the sound and vehement noise of the ringing of Bells constrain women to fall in travel before their time especially women that are young whose bodies are soft slack and tender then those that be of riper years Long and great fasting a great flux of blood especially when the infant is grown somewhat great but if it be but two moneths old the danger is not so great bacause then he needeth not so great quantity of nourishment also a long disease of the mother which consumeth the blood causeth the childe to come forth being destitute of store of nourishment before the fit time Moreover fulness by reason of the eating great store or meats often maketh or causeth untimely birth because it depraveth the strength and presseth down the childe as likewise the use of meats that are of an evil juice which they lust or long for But baths because they relax the ligaments of the womb and hot houses How bathes and hot houses cause untimely birth for that the fervent and choaking air is received into the body provoke the infait to strive to go forth to take the cold air and so cause abortion What women soever being indifferently well in their bodies travail in the second or third moneth without any manifest cause those have the Cotylidones of their womb full of filth and matter and cannot hold up the infant by reason of the weight thereof but are broken Moreover sudden or continual petrurbations of the minde whether they be through anger or fear Hip apb 53. 37. sect 5. Hip. aph 45. sect 5. may cause women to travail before their time and are accounted to the causes of abortions for that they cause great and vehement trouble in the body Those women that are like to travail before their time their dugs will wax little therefore when a woman is a great with childe if her dugs suddenly was small and slender it is a sign that she will travail before her time the cause of such shrinking of the dags is that the matter of the milke is drawn back into the womb by reason that the infant wanteth nourishment to nourish and succor it withall Which scarcity the infant not long abiding Hip. aph 38. sect 5. striveth to go forth to seek that abroad which he cannot have within for among the causes which do make the infant to come out of the womb those are most usually named with Hippocrates the necessity of a more large nutriment and air Women are in more pain at the untimely birth then at the due time of birth The error of the first childe-birth continues afterwards A plaster staying the infant in the womb Therefore if a woman that is with childe have one of her dugs small if she have two children she is like to travail of one of them before the full and perfect time so that if the right dug be small it is a man-childe but if it be the left dug it is a female Women are in far more pain when they bring forth their children before the time then if it were at the full and due time because that whatsoever is contrary to nature is troublesome painfull and also oftentimes dangerous If there be any error committed at the first time of childe-birth it is commonly seen that it happeneth alwaies after at each time of childe-birth Therefore to finde out the causes of that error you must take the counscel of some Physician and after his counscel endeavor to amend the same Truly this plaister following being applyed to the reines doth confirm the womb and stay the infant thereâ—n â„ž ladaniÊ’ii galang â„¥ i. nucis moschat nucis cupressi boli armeni terrae figil sanguin dracon balaust an Ê’ ss acatia psidiorum hypâ—cistid an â„¥ i. mastich myrrhae an Ê’ii gummi arabic Ê’i terebâ—nthi Venet. Ê’ii picis naval â„¥ i. ss cerae quantum sufficit fiat emplast secundum artem spread it for your use upon leather If the part begin to itch let the plaister be taken away and in stead thereof use unguent rosat or refrig Galen or this that followeth â„ž â—lei myrtini mastich cydâ—nior an â„¥ i. hypo boli armen sang dracon acatiae an Ê’i sant citrini â„¥ ss cerae quant suf make thereof an ointment according unto art What children are ten or eleven moneths in the
womb There are women that bear the childe in their womb ten or eleven whole moneths and such children have their conformation of much quantity of seed wherefore they will be more big great and strong and therefore they require more time to come to their perfection and maturity for those fruits that are great will not be so soon ripe as those that are small But children that are small and little of body do often come to their perfection and maturity in seven or nine moneths if all other things are correspondent in greatness and bigness of body it happeneth for the most part that the woman with childe is not delivered before the ninth moneth be done A male will be born soonner then a female or at the leastwise in the same moneth But a male childe will be commonly born at the beginnâ—ng or a little before the begining of the same moneth by reason of his engrafted heat which causeth maturity and ripeness Furthermore the infant is sooner come to maturity and perfection in a hot woman then in a cold for it is the property of heat to ripen CHAP. XXXI How to preserve the infant in the womb when the mother is dead IF all the signes of death appear in the woman that lieth in travel and cannot be delivered there must then be a Surgeon ready and at hand which may open her body so soon as she is dead whereby the infant may be preserved in safety neither can it be supposed sufficient if the mothers mouth and privie parts be held open for the infant being inclosed in his mothers womb Why it is not sufficient to preserve life in the childe to hold open the mouth and privie parts of the mother so soon as she is dead and the childe alive in her body and compassed with the membranes cannot take his breath but by contractions and dilatations of the artery of the navel But when the mother is dead the lungs do not execute their office function therefore they cannot gather in the air that compasseth the body by the mouth or aspera arteria into their own substance or into the arteries that are dispersed throughout the body thereof by reason whereof it cannot send it unto the heart by the veiny artery which is called arteria venalis for if the heart want air there cannot be any in the great artery which is called arteria aorta whose function it is to draw it from the heart as also by reason thereof it is wanting in the arteries of the womb which are as it were the little conduits of the great artery whereinto the air that is brought from the heart is derived and floweth in unto these little ones of all the body and likewise of the womb Wherefore it must of necessity follow that the air is wanting to the cotyledons of the secundines to the artery of the infants navel the iliack arteries also and therefore unto his heart and so unto his body for the air being drawn by the mothers lungs is accustomed to come to the infant by this continuation of passages How the bellie of the woman that dieth in travel must be cut open to save the childe Therefore because death maketh all the motions of the mothers body to cease it is far better to open her body so soon as she is dead beginning the incision at the cartilage Xiphoides or blade and making it in a form semicircular cutting the skin muscles and peritonaeum not touching the guts then the womb being lifted up must first be cut lest that otherwise he infant might perchance be touched or hurt with the knife You shall oftentimes finde the childe unmoveable as though he were dead but not because he is dead indeed but by reason that he being destitute of the accesse of the spirits by the death of the mother hath contracted a great weakness yet you may know whether he be dead indeed or not by handling the artery of the navel for it will beat and pant if he be alive otherwise not but if there be any life yet remaining in him How it may be known whether the infant be aâ—ive or not shortly after he hath taken in the air and is recreated with the access thereof he will move all his members and also all his whole body In so great a weakness or debility of the strength of the childe by cutting the navel string it must rather be laid close to the region of the belly thereof that thereby the heat if there be any jot remaining may be stirred up again But I cannot sufficiently marvel at the insolency of those that affirm that they have seen women whose bellies and womb have been more then once cut and the infant taken out when it could no otherwise be gotten forth and yet notwithstanding alive which thing there is no man can perswade me can be done without the death of the mother by reason of the necessary greatness of the wound that must be made in the muscles of the belly and substance of the womb for the womb of a woman that is great with childe by reason that it swelleth and is distended with much blood must needs yield a gread flux of blood which of necessity must be mortal And to conclude when that the wound or incision of the womb is cicatrized it will not peâ—mit or suffer the womb to be dilated or extended to receive or bear a new birth For these and such like other causes this kinde of cure as desperate and dangerous is not in mine opinion to be used CHAP. XXXII Of superfetation SUperfetation is when a woman doth bear two or more children at one time in her womb What superfetation is and they be enclosed each in his several secundine but those that are included in the same secundine are supposed to be conceived at one and the same time of copulation by reason of the great and copious abundance of seed and these have no number of daies between their conception and birth but all at once For as presently after meat the stomach which is naturally of a good temper is contracted or drawn together about the meat to comprehend it on every side though small in quantity as it were by both hands so that it cannot rowl neither unto this or that side so the womb is drawn together into the conception about the seeds assoon as they are brought into the capacity thereof and is so drawn in unto it on every side that it may come together into one body not permitting any portion thereof to go into any other region or side so that by one time of copulation the seed that is mixed together cannot engender more children then one which are divided by their secundines A womans womb is not distinguished into diverse cells And moreover because there are no such cells in the wombs of women as are supposed or rather known to be in the wombs of beasts which therefore bâ—ing forth many
to be a mola The dropsie comming of a tumor of thâ— Mesenterium others thought that it came by reason of the dropsie Assuredly this disease caused the dropsie to ensue neither was the cause thereof obscure for the function of the Liver was frustrated by reason that the concoction or the alteration of the Chylus was intercepted by occasion of the tumor and mâ—reoveâ— the Liver it self had a proper disease for it was hard and scirrhous and had many abscesses both within and without it and all over it The milt was scarce free from putrefaction the guts and Kill were somewhat blew and spotted and to be brief there was nothing found in the lower belly There is the like history to be read written by Philip Ingrassias in his book of tumors Tom. 1. tra â— cap. 1. of a certain Moor that was hanged for theft for saith he when his body was publickly dissected in the Mesenterium were found seventy scrophulous tumors and so many abscesses were containeâ— or enclosed in their several cists or skins and sticking to the external tunicle especially of the greater guts the matter contained in them was divers for it was hard knotty clammy glutinous liquid and waterish but the entrails especially the Liver and the Milt were found free from all manner of a tainture because as the same Author alledgeth nature being strong had sent all the evill juice and the corruption of the entrails into the Mesenterie and verily this Moor so long as he lived was in good and perfect health Without doubt the corruption of superflous humors for the most part is so great as is noted by Fernelius that it cannot be received in the receptacles that nature hath appointed for it Lib 6. part mor. cap 7. The Mesenterium is the â—inâ— or the body therefore then no small portion thereof falleth into the parts adjoyning and especially into the Mesentery and Pancreas which are as it were the sink of the whole body In those bodies which through continual and daily gluttony abound with choler melancholy and phlegm if it be not purged in time nature being strong and lusty doth depel and drive it down into the Pancreas and the Mesentery which are as places of no great â—epute and that especially out of the Liver and Milt by those veins or branches of the â—â—â—a pâ—rta which end or go not into the guts but are terminated in the Mesentery and Pancreas In these places diverse humors are heaped together which in process of time turn into a loose and soâ—t tumor and then if they grow bigger into a stiff hard and very scirrhous tumor Whereof Fernelius affirmeth that in those places he hath found the causes of choler melancholy fluxes cyâ—enteries cachexia's atrophia's consumptions tedious and uncertain fevers and lastly of many hidden diseases The Scrophulaes in the Mesenterium by the â—â—king whereof some have received their health that have been thought past cure Moreover Ingrassias affirmeth out of Julius Pollux that Scrophulas may be engendred in the Mesenterie which nothing differs from the mind and opinion of Galen who saith that Scrophulas are nothing else but indurate and scirrhous kernels But the Mesenterium with his glanduls being great and many making the Pancreas doth establish strengthen and confirm the divisions of the vessels A scirrhus of the womb Also the scirrhus of the proper substance of the womb is to be distinguished from the mola for in the bodies of some women that I have opened I have found the womb annoyed with a scirrhous tumor as big as a mans head in the curing whereof Physicians nothing prevailed because they supposed it to be a mola contained in the capacity of the womb and not a scirrhous tumor in the body thereof CHAP. XXXVII Of the cause of barrenness in men THere are many causes of barrenness in men that is to say the too hot cold dry or moist distemper of the seed the more liquid and flexible consistence thereof so that it cannot stay in the womb How the seed in unfertil but will presently flow out again for such is the seed of old men and striplings and of such as use the act of generation too often and immoderately for thereby the seed becommeth crude and waterish because it doth not remain his due and lawful time in the testicles wherein it should be perfectly wrought and concocted but is evacuated by wanton copulation Furthermore that the seed may be fertile it must of necessity be copious in quantity but in quality well concocted moderately thick clammy and puffed with abundance of spirits both these conditions are wanting in the seed of them that use copulation too often and moreover because the wives of those men never gather a just quantity of seed laudable both in quality and consistence in their testicles whereby it commeth to pass that they are the less provoked or delighted with Venereous actions and perform the act with less alacrity so that they yeeld themselves less prone to conception Therefore let those that would be parents of many children use a mediocrity in the use of Venery How the cutting of the veines behinde the ears maketh men barren The woman may perceive that the mans seed hath some distemperature in it if when she hath received it into her womb she feeleth it sharp hot or cold if the man be more quick or slow in the act Many become barren after they have been cut for the stone and likewise when they have had a wound behind the ears whereby certain branches of the jugular veins and arteries have been cut that are there so that after those vessels have been cicatrized there followed an interception of the seminal matter downwards and also of the community which ought of necessity to be between the brain and the testicles so that when the conduits or passages are stopped the stones or testicles cannot any more receive neither matter nor lively spirits from the brain in so great quantity as it was wont whereof it must of necessity follow that the seed must be lesser in quantity and weaker in quality Those that have their testicles cut off or else compressed or contused by violence cannot beget children because that either they want that help the testicles should minister in the act of generation or else because the passage of the seminal matter is intercepted or stopped with a Callus by reason whereof they cannot yield forth seed but a certain clammy humor contained in the glanduls called prostatae yet with some feeling of delight The defaâ—lts of the yard Moreover the deâ—ects or imperfections of the yard may cause barrenness as if it be too short or if it be so unreasonable great that it renteth the privy parts of the woman and so causeth a flux of blood for then it is so painful to the woman that she cannot void her seed for that cannot be excluded without pleasure and delight also if
the shortness of the ligature ligament that is under the yard doth make it to be crooked and violate the stiff straightness thereof so that it cannot be put directly or straightly into the womans privy parts There be some that have not the orifice of the conduit of the yard rightly in the end thereof but a little higher so that they cannot ejaculate or cast out their seed into the womb The sign of the palsie in the yard Also the paritcular palsie of the yard is numbred amongst the causes of barrenness and you may prove whether the palsie be in the yard by dipping the genitals in cold water for except they do draw themselves together or shrink up after it it is a token of the palsie for members that have the palsie by the touching of cold water do not shrink up but remain in their accustomed laxity and looseness but in this case the genitals are endued with small sense the seed commeth out without pleasure or stiffness of the yard the stones in touching are cold and to conclude those that have their bodies daily waxing lean through a consumption or that are vexed with an evill hâ—bit or disposition or with the obstruction of some of the entrals are barren and unfertil and likewise those in whom some noble part necessary to life and generation exceedeth the bounds of nature with some great distemperature and lastly those who by any means have their genital parts deformed Magick bands and enchanted knots Here I omit those that are withholden from the act of generation by inchantment magick witching and inchanted knots bands and ligatures for those causes belong not to Physick neither may they be taken away by the remedies of our Art The Doctors of the Canon laws have made mention of those magick bands which may have power in them in the particular title De frigidis maleficiatis impoteatibus incantatis also St. August hath made mention of them Tract 7. in Joan. CHAP. XXXVIII Of the barrenness or unfruitfulness of Women A Woman may become barren or unfruitful through the obstruction of the passage of the seed The cause why the neck of the womb is narrow or throng straitness and narrowness of the neck of the womb comming either through the default of the formative faculty or else afterwards by some mischance as by an abscess scirrhus warts chaps or by an ulcer which being cicatrized doth make the way more narrow so that the yard cannot have free passage thereinto Moreover The membrane called Hymen the membrane called Hymen when it groweth in the midst or in the bottom of the neck of the womb hinders the receiving of the mans seed Also if the womb be over-slippery or more loose or over wide it maketh the woman to be barren so doth the suppression of the menstrual fluxes or the too immoderate flowing of the courses or whites which commeth by the default of the womb or some entrail or of the whole body which consumeth the menstrual matter and carrieth the seed away with it The cold and moist distemperature of the womb extinguishes and suffocates the man's seed The cause of the flux of women and maketh it that it will not stay or cleave unto the womb and stay till it be concocted but the more hot and dry both corrupt for want of nourishment for the seeds that are sown either in a marish or sandy ground cannot prosper well also a mola contained in the womb the falling down of the womb the leanness of the womans body ill humors bred by eating crude and raw fruits or great or overmuch whereof obstructions and crudities follow which hinder her fruitfulness Furthermore by the use of stupefactive things the seminal matter is congealed and restrained and though it flow and be cast out yet it is deprived of the prolifick power and of the lively heat and spirits the orifices or cotyledones of the ve ns and arteries are stopped and so the passage for the menstrual matter into the womb is stopped When the Kâ—ll is so far that it girdeth in the womb narrowly it hindereth the fruitfulness of the woman because it will not permit the mans seed to enter into the womb Moreover the fat and fleshy habit of the man or woman hinder generation For it hindreth them that they cannot join their genital parts together Aph. 36. sect 5. Gal. lib. 14. de usu par cap. 9. Arist in prob sect dester quae 3. 4. and by how much the more blood goeth into fat by so much the less is remaining to be turned into seed and menstrual blood which two are the originals and principals of generation Those women that are speckled in the face somewhat lean and pale because they have their genitals moistened with a saltish sharp and tickling humor are more given to Venery then those that are red and fat Finally Hippocrates sets down four causes only why women are barren and unfruitful The first is because they cannot receive the mans seed by reason of the fault of the neck of the womb the second because when it is received into the womb they cannot conceive it the third is because they cannot nourish it the fourth because they are not able to carry or bear it untill the due and lawful time of birth These things are necessary to generation the object will faculty concourse of the seeds and the remaining or abiding thereof in the womb untill the due and appointed natural time CHAP. XXXIX The signs of a distempered Womb. THat woman is thought to have her womb too hot The signs of a hot womb whose coâ—â—ses come forth sparingly and with pain and exulcerate by reason of their heat the superfluous matter of the blood being dissolved or turned into winde by the power of the heat whereupon that menstrual blood that floweth forth is more gross and black For it is the propriety of heat by digesting the thinner substance to thicken the rest and by adustion to make it more black Furthermore she that hath her genitals itching with the desire of copulation will soon exclude the seed in copulation and she shall feel it more sharp as it goeth through the passages That woman hath too cold a womb whose flowers are either stopped or flow sparingly and those pale and not well colored Those that have less desire of copulation have less delight therein The signs of a cold womb and their seed is more liquid and waterish and not staining a linnen cloth by sticking thereunto and it is sparingly and slowly cast forth That womb is too moist that floweth continually with many liquid excrements The signs of a moist womb which therefore will not hold the seed but presently after copulation suffereth it to fall out which will easily cause abortion The signs of too dry a womb appear in rhe little quantity of the courses in the profusion of a small quantity of seed by the desire of
copulation The signs of a dry wâ—mb whereby it may be made slippery by the moisture of the seed by the fissures in the neck thereof by the chaps and itching for all things for want of moisture will soon chap even like unto the ground which in the summer by reason of great drought or driness will chap and chink this way and that way and on the contrary with moisture it will close and join together again as it were with glew A woman is thought to have all opportunities unto conception when her courses or flowers do cease for then the womb is void of excremental filth and because it is yet open A meet time for conception it will the more easily receive the mans seed and when it hath received it it will better retain it in the wrinkles of the cotylidones yet gaping as it wese in rough and unequal places Yet a woman will easily conceive a little before the time that the flowers ought to flow because that the menstrual matter falling at first like dew into the womb is very meet and fit to nourish the seed and not to drive it out again or to suffocate it Those which use copulation when their courses fall down abundantly will very hardly or seldome conceive and if they do conceive the childe wil be weak and diseased and especially if the womans blood that flows out be unâ—ound but if the blood be good and laudable the childe will be subject to all plethorick diseases Theâ—e are some women in whom presently after the flux of the termes the orifice of the womb will be closed so that they must of necessity use copulation with a man when their menstrual flux floweth if at least they would conceive at all A woman may bear children from the age of fourteen untill forty or fiftie which time whosoever doth exceed will bear untill threescore years because the menstrual fluxes are kept the prolifical faculty is also preserved therefore many women have brought forth children at that age but after that time no woman can bear as Aristotle writeth Arist l. 7. de hist anim c. 2. c. 5. Yet Plinie saith that Cornelia who was of the house of the Scipioes being in the sixtie second yeer of her age bare Velusius Saturnius who was Consul Valescus de Tarenta also affirmeth that he saw a woman that bare a childe on the sixtie second year of her age having born before on the sixtieth and sixty first year Lib. 7. ca. 14. Lib. 6. cap 12. Therefore it is to be supposed that by reason of the variety of the air region diet and temperament the menstrual flux and procreative faculty ceaseth in some sooner Lib. 7 de hist anim c. 1. â— 6. in some later which variety taketh place also in men For in them although the seed be genitable for the most part in the second seventh year yet truly it is unfruitful untill the third seventh year And whereas most men beget children untill they be threescore years old which time if they pass they beget till seventie yet there are some known that have begot childâ—en untill the eightieth year Moreover Plinie writeth that Masinissa the King begot a son when he was fourscore and six years of age Lib. 7. cap 14. and also Cato the Censor after that he was fourscore CHAP. XL. Of the falling down or perversion or turning of the womb What is the falling down of the womb THe womb is said to fall down and be perverted when it is moved out of its proper and natural place as when the bands and ligatures thereof being loosed and relaxed it falleth down unto one side or other or into its own neck or else passeth further so that it comes out at the neck The causes and a great portion thereof appears without the privie parts Therefore what things soever resolve relax or burst the ligaments or bands whereby the womb is tied are supposed to be the causes of this accident It sometimes happens by vehement labor or travail in childe-birth when the womb with violence excluding the issue and the secundines also follows and falls down turning the inner side thereof outward And sometimes the foolish rashness of the Midwife when she draweth away the womb with the infant or with the secundine cleaving fast thereunto and so drawing it down and turning the inner side outward Furthermore a heavie bearing of the womb the bearing of the carriage of a great burthen holding or stretching of the hands or body upwards in the time of greatness with childe a fall contusion shaking or jogging by riding either in a Waggon or Coach or on horse back or leaping or dancing the falling down of a more large and abundant humor great griping a strong and continual cough a Tenesmus or often desire to go to stool yet not voiding any thing neesing a manifold and great birth difficult bearing of the womb an astmatical and orthopnoical-difficulty of breathing whatsoever doth weightily press down the Diaphragma or Midriff or the muscles of the Epigastrium the taking of cold air in the time of travail with childe oâ— in the flowing of the menstrual flux sitting on a cold marble-stone or any other such like cold things are thought oftentimes to be the occasion of these accidents because they may bring the womb out of its place Aâ—ist Lib. 7. de histor anim cap. 2. It falls down in many saith Aristotle by reason of the desire of copulation that they have either by reason of the lustiness of their youth or else because they have abstained a long time from it You may know that the womb is fallen down by the pain of those parts where hence it is fallen that is to say by the entrails The signes loines os sacrum and by a tractable tumor at the neck of the womb and often with a visible hanging out of diverse greatness according to the quantity that is fallen down The prognostâ—caâ—ions It is seen sometimes like unto a piece of red flesh hanging out at the neck of the womb of the bigness and form of a Goose-egg if the woman stand upright she feeleth the weight to lie on her privie parts but if she sit or lie then she perceiveth it on her back or go to the stool the strait gut called intestinum rectum will be pressed or loaden as if it were with a burthen if she lie on her belly then her urine will be stopped so that she shall fear to use copulation with a man When the womb is newly relaxed in a young woman it may be soon cured but if it hath been long down in an old woman it is not to be helped If the palsie of the ligaments thereof have occasioned the falling it scarce admits of cure bur if it falls down by means of putrefaction it cannot possibly be cured If a great quantity thereof hang out between the thighs it can hardly be cured but it
all over the superficial and inward parts of the womb and neck thereof descending into the wrinkles which in those that have not yet used the act of generation are closed as if they were glewed together although that those maids that are at their due time of marriage feel no pain nor no flux of blood especially if the mans yard be answerable to the neck of the womb What virgins at the fiâ—st time of copulaâ—ion do not bleed as their privy parts Lib. 3. whereby it appears evidently how greatly the inhabitants of Fez the Metropolitan citie of Mauritania are deceived for Leo the African wâ—iteth that it is the custome amongst them that so soon as the married man and his spouse are returned home to their house from the church where they have been married they presently shut themselves into a chamber and make fast the door while the marriage dinner is preparing in the mean while some old or grave matron standeth waiting before the chamber door to receive a bloody linnen cloth the new married husband is to deliver her there which when she hath received she brings it into the midst of all the company of guests as a fresh spoil and testimony of the married wives virginity and then for joy thereof they all fall to banquetting solemnly But if through evil fortune it happeneth that in this time of copulation the spouse bleedeth not in the privie parts she is restored again unto her parents which is a very great reproach unto them and all the guests depart home sad heavie and without dinner Moreover there are some that having learned the most filthie and infamous arts of baudery The filthy deceit of bands and harlots prostitute common harlots make gain thereof makeing men that are naughtily given to beleive that they are pure virgins making them to think that the act of generation is very painful and grievous unto them as if they had never used it before although they are very expert therein indeed for they do cause the neck of the womb to be so wrinkled and shrunk together so that the sides thereof shall even almost close or meet together then they put thereinto the bladders of fishes or galls of beasts filled full of blood and so deceive the ignorant and young letcher by the defraud and deceit of their evil arts and in time of copulation they mix sighs with groanes and woman like cryings and crocodiles tears that they may seem to be virgins and never to have dealt with man before CHAP. XLIII A memorable history of the membrane called Hymen JOhn Wierus writeth that there was a Maid at Camburge Lib. de prost damon cap. 3â— who in the midst of the neck of the womb had a thick and strong membrane growing overthwart so that when the monethly terms should come out it would not permit them so that thereby the menstrual matter was stopped and flowed back again which caused a great tumor and distention in the belly with great torment as if she had been in travail with childe the midwives being called and having seen and considered all that had been done and did appear did all with one voice affirm that she sustained the pains of childe-birth although that the maid her self denied that she ever dealt with man Therefore then this foresaid Author was called who when the Midwives were void of counsel might help this wretched maid having already had her urine stopped now three whole weeks and perplexed with great watchings loss of appetite and loathing and when he had seen the grieved place and marked the orifice of the neck of the womb he saw it stopped with a thick membrane he knew also that that sudden breaking out of blood into the womb and the vessels thereof and the passage for those matters that was stopped was the cause of her grievous and tormenting pain And therefore he called a Chyrurgeon presently and willed him to divide the membrane that was in the midst that did stop the flux of blood which being done there came forth as much black congealed and putrified blood as weighed some eight pounds In three dayes after she was well and void of all disease and pain I have thought it good to set down this example here because it is worthy to be noted and profitable to be imitated as the like occasion shall happen CHAP. XLIV Of the strangulation of the Womb. What is the strangulation of the womb THe strangulation of the womb or that which cometh from the womb is an interception or stopping of the liberty in breathing or taking winde because that the womb swollen or puffed up by reason of the access of gross vapours and humors that are contained therein and also snatched as it were by a convulsive motion by reason that the vessels and ligaments distended with fullness are so carried upwards against the midriff and parts of the breast that it maketh the breath to be short and often as it a thing lay upon the breast and pressed it Why the womb swelleth Moreover the womb swelleth because there is contained or inclosed in it a certain substance caused by the defluxion either of the seed or flowers or of the womb or whites or of some other humor tumor abscess rotten apostume or some ill juyce putrifying or getting or ingendring an ill quality The accidents that come of the strangling of the womb and resolved into gross vapours These as they affect sundry or divers places infer divers and sundry accidents as rumbling and noise in the belly if it be in the guts desire to vomit after with seldom vomiting cometh weariness and loathing of meat if it trouble the stomach Choaking with strangulation if it assail the breast and throat swooning if it vex the heart madness or else that which is contrary thereto sound sleep or drowsiness if it grieve the brain all which oftentimes prove as malign as the biting of a mad dog or equal the stinging or bitings of venemous beasts Why the strangulation that cometh of the corruption of the seed is more dangerous then that that comes of the corruption of the blood It hath been observed that more greivous symptoms have proceeded from the corruption of the seed then of the menstrual blood For by how much every thing is more perfect and noble while it is contained within the bounds of the integrity of its own nature by so much it is the more grievous and perillous when by corruption it hath once transgressed the laws thereof But this kinde of accident doth very seldom grieve those women which have their menstrual flux well and orderly and do use copulation familiarly but very often those women that have not their menstrual flux as they should and do want and are destitute of husbands especially if they be great eaters and lead a solitary life When the vessels and ligaments of the womb are swollen and distended as we said before so much as is added to their latitude
or breadth so much is wanting in their length The cause of the divers turnings of the womb into divers parts of the body and therefore it happeneth that the womb being removed out of its seat doth one while fall to the right side towards the liver sometimes to the left towards the milt sometimes upwards unto the midriff and stomach sometimes downwards and so forwards unto the bladder whereof cometh an Ischury and strangury or backwards whereof cometh oppression of the straight gut and suppression of the excrements and the Tenesmus But although we acknowledge the womb to decline to those parts which we named yet it is not by accident only as when it is drawn by the proper and common ligaments and bands when they are contracted or made shorter The womb is not so greatly moved by an accident but by it self being distended with fulness but also of it self as when it is forced or provoked through the grief of something contrary to nature that is contained therein it wandreth sometimes unto one side and sometimes unto another part with a plain and evident natural motion like unto the stomach which embraceth any thing that is gentle and milde but avoideth any thing that is offensive and hurtfull Whereof come such divers accidents of strangulation of the womb yet we deny that so great accidents may be stirred up by the falling of it alone unto this or that side for then it might happen that women that are great with childe whose wombs are so distended by reason that the childe is great that it doth press the midriff might be troubled with a strangulation like unto this but much rather by a venemous humor breathing out a malign and gross vapor not only by the veins and arteries but also by the pores that are invisible which pollutes the faculties of the parts which it toucheth with its venemous malignity and infection and intercepts the functions thereof Neither doth the variety of the parts receiving only but also of the matter received cause variety of accidents For some accidents come by suppression of the terms others come by corruption of the seed but if the matter be cold The cause of sleepiness in the strangulation of the womb it brinketh a drowsiness being lifted up unto the brain whereby the woman sinketh down as if she were astonished and lieth without motion and sense or feeling and the beating of the arteries and the breathing are so small that sometimes it is thought they are not at all but that the woman is altogether dead If it be more gross it inferreth a convulsion if it partipate of the nature of a gross melancholick humor it bringeth such heaviness fear and sorrowfulness that the party that is vexed therewith shall think that she shall die presently and cannot be brought out of her minde by any means or reason The cause of drowsie madness if of a cholerick humor it causeth the madness called furor uterinus and such a pratling that they speak all things that are to be concealed and a giddiness of the head by reason that the animal spirit is suddenly shaken by the admixtion of a putrified vapour and hot spirit but nothing is more admirable then that this disease taketh the patient sometimes with laughing and sometimes with weeping for some at the first will weep and then laugh in the same disease and state thereof But it exceedeth all admiration which Hollerius writeth A history usually happened to two of the daughters of the Provost of Roven For they were held with long laughter for an hour or two before the fit which neither for fear admonition nor for any other means they could hold and their parents chid them and asked them wherefore they did so they answered that they were not able to stay their laughter The ascention of the womb is to be distinguishâ—d from the strangulation The ascention of the womb is diligently to be distinguished from the strangulation thereof for the accidents of the ascention and of the strangulation are not one but the woman is only oppressed with a certain pain of the heart difficulty of breathing or swouning but yet without fear without raving or idle talking or any other greater accident Therefore oftentimes contrary causes inferr the ascention that is overmuch driness of the womb labouring through the defect of moisture whereby it is forced after too violent and immoderate evacuations of the flowers and in childe-bed and such like and laborious and painfull travel in childbed through which occasion it waxeth hot contrary to nature and withereth and turneth it self with a certain violence unto the parts adjoyning that is to say unto the liver stomach and midriff if haply it may draw some moisture there-hence unto it I omit that the womb may be brought unto its place upwards by often smelling to aromatick things yet in the mean while it inferrs not the strangulation that we described before CHAP. XLV The signs of imminent strangulation of the Womb. BEfore that these fore-named accidents come the woman thinks that a certain painfull thing ariseth from her womb unto the orifice of the stomach and heart and she thinketh her self to be oppressed and choaked she complaineth her self to be in great pain and that a certain lump or heavy thing climbs up from the lower parts unto her throat and stoppeth her winde her heart burneth and panteth And in many the womb and vessels of the womb so swell that they cannot stand upright on their legs but are constrained to lie down flat on their bellies that they may be the less grieved with the pain and to press that down strongly with their hands The womb it self doth not so well make the ascention as the vapor thereof that seemeth to arise upwards although that not the womb it self but the vapor ascendeth from the womb as we said before but when the fit is at hand their faces are pale on a sudden their understanding is darkned they become slow and weak in the leggs with unableness to stand Hereof cometh sound sleep foolish talking interception of the senses and breath as if they were dead loss of speech the contraction of their legs and the like CHAP. XLVI How to know whether the woman be dead in the strangulation of the womb or not I Have thought it meet because many women not only in ancient times Women living taken for dead but in our own and our fathers memory have been so taken with this kind of symptom that they have been supposed and laid out for dead although truly they were alive to set down the signs in such a case which do argue life and death Therefore first of all it may be proved whether she be alive or dead by laying or holding a clear and smooth looking-glass before her mouth and nostrils For if she breath although it be never so obscurely the thin vapor that cometh out How women that have the
suffocation of the womb live only by transpiration without breathing will stain or make the glass duskie Also a fine downish feather taken from under the wing of any bird or else a fine flock being held before the mouth will by the trembling or shaking motion thereof shew that there is some breath and therefore life remaining in the body But you may prove most certainly whether there be any spark of life remaining in the body by blowing some sneesing powders of pellitory of Spain and Elebore into the nostrils But though there no breath appear yet must you not judge the woman for dead for the small vital heat by which being drawn into the heart she yet liveth is contented with transpiration only and requires not much attraction which is performed by the contraction and dilatation of the breast and lungs unto the preservation of it self For so flies gnats pismires and such like How flies gnats and pismires do live all the winter without breathing because they are of a cold temperament live unmoveably inclosed in the caves of the earth no token of breathing appearing in them because there is a little heat left in them which may be conserved by the office of the arteries and heart that is to say by perspiration without the motion of the breast because the greatest use of respiration is that the inward heat may be preserved by refrigeration and ventilation Those that do not mark this fall into that error which almost cost the life of him who in our time first gave life to Anatomical administration that was almost decayed and neglected For he being called in Spain to open the body of a noble woman which was supposed dead through strangulation of the womb behold at the second impression of the incision-knife A history she began suddenly to come to her self and by the moving of her members and body which was supposed to be altogether dead and with crying to shew manifest signs that there was some life remaining in her Which thing struck such an admiration and horror into the hearts of all her friends that were present that they accounted the Physicâ—an being before of a good fame and report as infamous odious and detestable so that it wanted but little but that they would have scratched out his eyes presently wherefore he thought there was no better way for him if he would live safe then to forsake the Country But neither could he so also avoid the horrible prick and inward wound of his conscience from whose judgment no offendor can be absolved for his inconsiderate dealing but within few dayes after being consumed with sorrow he died to the great loss of the Common-wealth and the art of Physick CHAP. XLVII How to know whether the strangulation of the wombe comes of the suppression of the Flowers or the corruption of the seed The signs of suffocation of the womb comming of corrupt seed THere are two chief causes especially as most frequently happening of the strangulation of the womb but when it proceedeth from the corruption of the seed all the accidents are more grievous and violent difficulty of breathing goes before and shortly after comes deprivation thereof the whole habit of the body seemeth more cold then a stone the woman is a widow or else hath great store or abundance of seed and hath been used to the company of a man by the absence whereof she was before wont to be pained with heaviness of the head to loath her meat and to be troubled with sadness and fear but chiefly with melancholy Moreover The signs when it comes of the suppression of the flowers when she hath satisfied and every way fulfilled her lust and then presently on a sudden begins to contain her self It is very likely that she is suffocated by the suppression of the flowers which formerly had them well and sufficiently which formerly had been fed with hot moist and many meats therefore engendring much blood which sitteth much which is grieved with some weight and swelling in the region of the belly with pain in the stomach and a desire to vomit and with such other accidents as come by the suppression of the flowers The signs of one recovering of or from the suffocation of the womb Those who are freed from the fit of the suffocation of the womb either by nature or by art in a short time their colour cometh into their faces by little and little and the whole body beginneth to wax strong and the teeth that were set and closed fast together begin the jaws being loosed to open and unclose again and lastly some moisture floweth from the secret parts with a certain tickling pleasure but in some women as in those especially in whom the neck of the womb is tickled with the Midwives finger instead of that moisture comes thick and gross seed which moisture or seed when it is fallen the womb being before as it were raging is restored unto its own proper nature and place Why the suppression of the seed is not perilous or deadly to men and by little and little all symptoms vanish away Men by the suppression of their seed have not the like symptoms as women have because mans seed is not so cold and moist but far more perfect and better digested and therefore more meet to resist putrefaction and whiles it is brought or drawn together by little and little it is dissipated by great and violent exercise CHAP. XLVIII Of the cure of the Strangulation of the Womb. The pulling of the hairs of the lower parts are profitable both for this malady and for the cause of the same SEeing that the strangulation of the womb is a sudden and sharp disease it therefore requireth a present and speedy remedy for if it be neglected it many times causeth present death Therefore when this malady cometh the sick woman must presently be placed on her back having her breast and stomach loose and all her cloaths and garments slack and loose about her whereby she may take breath the more easily and she must be called on by her own name with a loud voice in her ears and pulled hard by the hairs of the temples and neck but yet especially by the hairs of the secret parts that by provoking or causing pain in the lower parts the patient may not only be brought to her self again but also that the sharp and malign vapour ascending upwards may be drawn downwards the legs and arms must be bound and tied with painfull ligatures all the body must be rubbed over with rough linnen clothes besprinkled with salt and vineger untill it be very sore and red and let this pessary following be put into the womb A Pessary â„ž succi mercurial artemis an â„¥ ii in quibus dissolve pul bened Ê’ iii. pul radic enula camp galang minor an Ê’ i. make thereof a pessary Then let the soals of her feet be anointed with oil of bayes
of the whole skin immoderate grosness and clamminess of the blood and by eating of raw fruits and drinking of cold water by sluggishness and thickness of the vessels and also the obstruction of them by the defaults and diseases of the womb by distemperature an abscess an ulcer by the obstruction of the inner orifice thereof by the growing of a Callus caruncle cicatrize of a wound or ulcer or membrane growing there The foolish endeavor of making the â—rifice of the womb narrow is â—â—warded with the discommodity of stopping of the flowers What women are called Viragines Lib. 6. epidem sect 7. The women that are called viragines are barren by injecting of astringent things into the neck of the womb which place many women endeavor foolishly to make narrow I speak nothing of age greatness with childe and nursing of children because these causes are not besides nature neither do they require the help of the Physitian Many women when their flowers or terms be stopped degenerate after a manner into a certain manly nature whence they are called Viragines that is to say stout or manly women therefore their voice is more loud and big like unto a mans and they become bearded In the City Abdera saith Hippocrates Phaethusa the wife of Pytheas at the first did bear children and was fruitful but when her husband was exiled her flowers were stopped for a long time but when these things happened her body became manlike and rough and had a beard and her voice was great and shrill The very same thing happened to Namysia the wife of Gorgippus in Thasus Those virgins that from the beginning have not their monthly flux and yet nevertheless enjoy their perfect health they must necessarily be hot and dry or rather of a manly heat and driness that they may so disperse and dissipate by transpiration as men do the excrements that are gathered but verily all such are barren CHAP. LII What accidents follow the suppression or stopping of the monthly flux or flowers WHen the flowers or monthly flux are stopped diseases affect the womb and from thence pass into all the whole body For thereof commeth suffocation of the womb head-ach swouning beating of the heart and swelling of the breasts and secret parts Why the strangury or bloodiness of the urine followeth the suppression of the flowers inflammation of the womb an abscess ulcer cancer a feaver nauseousness vomitings difficult and slow concoction the dropsie strangury the full womb pressing upon the orifice of the bladder black and bloody urine by reason that portion of the blood sweateth out into the bladder In many women the stopped matter of the monthly flux is excluded by vomiting urine and the haemorrhoids in some it groweth into varices In my wife when she wss a maid the menstrual matter was excluded and purged by the nostrils Histories of such as were purged of their menstrual flux by the nose and dugs The wife of Peter Feure of Casteaudun was purged of her menstrual matter by the dugs every month and in such abundance that scarce three or four cloaths were able to drie it and suck it up In those that have not the flux monthly to evacuate this plenitude by some part or place of the body there often follows difficulty of breathing melancholy madness the gout an ill disposition of the whole body dissolution of the strength of the whole body want of appetite a consumption the falling sickness an apoplexie Those whose blood is laudable yet not so abundant do receive no other discommodity by the suppression of the flowers unless it be that the womb burns or itcheâ—h with the desire of copulation by reason that the womb is distended with hot and iâ—ching blood especially if they lead a sedentary life To what women the suppression of the months is most grievous Those women that have been accustomed to bear children are not so grieved and evill at ease when their flowers are stopped by any chance contrary to nature as those women which did never conceive because they have been used to be filled and the vessels by reason of their customary repletion and distention are more large and capacious when the courses flow the appetite is partly dejected for that nature being then wholly applied to expulsion cannot throughly concoct or digest the face waxeth pale and without its lively color because that the heat with the spirits go from without inwards so to help and aid the expulsive faculty CHAP. LIII Of provoking the flowers or courses Why the vein called Basilica in the arm must be opened beâ—ore the vein â—aphena in the foot Hors-leeches to be aplied to the neck of the womb THe suppression of the flowers is a plethorick disease and therefore must be cured by evacuation which must be done by opening the vein called Saphena which is at the ankle but first let the basilike vein of the arm be opened especially if the body be plethorick lest that there should a greater attraction be made into the womb and by such attraction or flowing in there should come a greater obstruction When the veins of the womb are distended with so great a swelling that they may be seen it will be very profitable to apply hors-leeches to the neck thereof pessaries for women may be used but fumigations of aromatick things are more meet for maids because they are bashful and shamefac'd Unguents liniments emplasters cataplasms that serve for that matter are to be prescribed and applied to the secret parts ligatures and frictions of the thighs and legs are not to be omitted fomentations and sternutatories are to be used and cupping glasses are to be applied to the groins walking dancing riding often and wanton copulation with her husband and such like exercises provoke the flowers Of plants the flowers of St. John's-Wurt the roots of fennel and asparagus bruscus or butchers-broom Plants that provoke the flowers or parsly brook-lime basil balm betony garlick onions crista marina cost-mary the rinde or bark of cassia fistula calamint origanum penniroyal mugwort thyme hyssop sage marjorum rosemary horehound rue savin spurge saffron agarick the flowers of elder bay-berries Sweet things the berries of Ivy scammony Cantharides pyrethrum or pellitory of Spain euphorbium The aromatick things are amomum cinnamon squinanth nutmegs calamus aromaticus cyperus ginger cloves galingal pepper cubibes amber musk spiknard and such like of all which let fomentations fumigations baths broaths boles potions pils syrups apozemes and opiates be made as the Physicians shall think good An apozeme to provoke the flowers The apozeme that followeth is proved to be very effectual â„ž fol. flor dictam an p. ii pimpinel m ss omnium capillar an p.i. artemis thymi marjor origan an m. ss rad rub major petrosâ—lin faenicul an â„¥ i. ss rad paeon. bistort an Ê’ ss cicerum rub sem paeon. faenicul an Ê’ ss make thereof a decoction in a sufficient quantity
immoderately the blood is sharp and burning and also stinking the sick woman is also troubled with a continual fever and her tongue will be dry ulcers arise in the gums and all the whole mouth In women the flowers do flow by the veins and arteries which rise out of the spermatick vessels and end in the bottom and sides of the womb but in virgins and in women great with child whose children are sound and healthful by the branches of the hypogastrick vein and artery which are spred and dispersed over the neck of the womb The cause of this immoderate flux is in the quantity or quality of the blood in both the fault is unreasonable copulation especially with a man that hath a yard of a monstrous greatness and the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the vessels The criticâ—l flux of the flowers The signs of blood flowing from the womb or neck of the womb oftentimes also the flowers flow immoderately by reason of a painful and a difficult birth of the childe or the after-birth being pulled by violence from the cotyledons of the womb or by reason that the veins and arteries of the neck of the womb are torn by the comming forth of the infant with great travel and many times by the use of sharp medicines and exulcerating pessaries Oft-times also nature avoids all the juice of the whole body critically by the womb after a great disease which flux is not rashly or suddenly to be stopped That menstrual blood that floweth from the womb is more gross black and clotty but that which commeth from the neck of the womb is more clear liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choce of such meats and drinks as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtil parts so they are stopped by such meats as are cooling thickning a stringent and sliptick as are barly-waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fried or sodden with sorrel purslain plantain shepherd's-purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a Harts-horn burned washed and taken in astringent water will stop all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites coral beaten into most subtil powder and drunk in steeled water also pap made with milk wherein steel hath oftentimes been quenched and the flowr of wheat barly beans or rice is very effectual for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian-berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Julips are to be used of steeled waters with the syrup of dry roses pomegranats sorrel myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to be avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must chuse gross and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially Venerous exercises anger is to be avoided a cold air is to be chosen The institution or order of life which if it be not so naturally must be made so by sprinkling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat be then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a vein in the arm cupping-glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painful frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood Purging the body must be purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarb Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrup of Roses CHAP. LVII Of local medicines to be used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate flux of the terms and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may be the form of an unguent â„ž ol mastich myrt an Ê’ii nucum cupres olibani An unguent myrtil an Ê’ii succi rosar rubr â„¥ i. pulv mastichin â„¥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat anÊ’ ss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made â„ž aq plantag An astringent injection rosar rubr bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressiâ— gallar non maturar an Ê’ ii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an Ê’i make thereof a decoction and inject it in a syringe blunt-pointed into the womb lest if it should be sharp it might hurt the sides of the neck of the womb also Snails beaten with their shells and applied to the navel are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coales and incorporated with the powder of Myrtles and Bole-Armenick and put into the neck of the womb are marvellous effectual for this matter The form of a pessarie may be thus A stringent pessaries â„ž gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar Ê’ii ammo Ê’ ss sang dracoâ— pulv rad symphyt sumach mastich fucci acaciae cornu cerust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an Ê’i caphur ℈ ii mix them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grass syngreen night-shade hen-bane water-lillies plantain of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as Oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loins thighs and genital parts but if this immoderate flux do come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the neck of the womb let the place be annointed with the milk of a shee-Ass with barly-water or binding and astringent mucelages as of Psilium Quinces Gum Tragacanth Arabick and such like CHAP. LVIII Of Womens Fluxâ—s or the Whites The reason of the name BEsides the fore-named Flux which by the law of nature happeneth to women monthly there is also another called a Womans Flux because it is only proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continual distillation from the womb The differences or through the womb comming from the whole body without pain no otherwise then when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reins or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertain seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the womb it differeth from the menstrual Flux because that this for the space of a few daies as it shall seem convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this Womans Flux yeeldeth impure ill juice somtimes sanious sometimes serous and livid otherwhiles white and thick like unto barly-cream proceeding from flegmatick blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore we see women that are phlegmatick and of a soft and loose habit of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites What women are apt to
this flux And as the matter is divers so it will stain their smocks with a different color Truly if it be perfectly red and sanguine it is to be thought it commeth by erosion or the exsolution of the substance of the vessels of the womb or of the neck thereof therefore it commeth very seldome of blood and not at all except the woman be either great with childe or cease to be menstrual for some other cause Womens flâ—x commeth veâ—y seldom of blood for then in stead of the monthly flux there floweth a certain whayish excrement which staineth her cloaths with the color of water wherein flesh is washed Also it very seldome proceeds of a melancholick humor and then for the most part it causeth a cancer in the womb But often-times the purulent and bloody matter of an ulcer lying hidden in the womb deceiveth the unskilful Chirurgian or Physician but it is not so hard to know these diseases one from the other for the matter that floweth from an ulcer By what signs an ulcer in the womb may be known from the white flowers because as it is said it is purulent it is also lesser grosser stinking and more white But those that have ulcers in those places especially in the neck of the womb cannot have copulation with a man without pain CHAP. LIX Of the causes of the Whites SOmetimes the cause of the Whites consisteth in the proper weakness of the womb or else in the uncleanness thereof and sometimes by the default of the principal parts For if the brain or the stomach be cooled or the liver stopped or schirrous many crudities are engendred which if they run or fall down into the womb that is weak by nature they cause the flux of the womb or Whites but if this Flux be moderate and not sharp How a womans flux is who eâ—â—me How it causeth diseases it keepeth the body from malign diseases otherwise it useth to infer a consumption leanness paleness and an oedematus swelling of the legs the falling down of the womb the dejection of the appetite and all the faculties and continual sadness and sorrowfulness from which it is very hard to perswade the sick woman because that her minde and heart will be almost broken by reason of the shame that she taketh How it leâ—teâ—h the concepâ—ion because such filth floweth continually it hindereth conception because it either corrupteth or driveth out the seed when it is conceived Often-times if it stoppeth for a few months the matter that stayeth there causeth an abscess about the wound in the body or neck thereof and by the breaking of the abscess there followeth rotten and cancerous ulcers sometimes in the womb sometimes in the groin and often in the hips This disease is hard to be cured not only by reason of it self Why it is hard to be cured as because all the whole filth and superfluous excrements of a womans body floweth down into the womb as it were into a sinke because it is naturally weak hath an inferior situation many vessels ending therein and last of all because the courses are wont to come through it as also by reason of the sick woman who oftentimes had rather die then to have that place seen the disease known or permit local medicines to be applied thereto for so saith Montanus An history that on a time he was called to a noble woman of Italy who was troubled with this disease unto whom he gave counsel to have cleansing decoctions injected into her womb which when she heard she fell into a swound and desired her husband never thereafter to use his counsel in any thing CHAP. LX. The cure of the Whites IF the matter that floweth out in this disease be of a red color it differeth from the natural monthly flux in this only because it keeps no order or certain time in its returning If the flux of a woman be red wherein it d ffereth from the menstrual flux Therefore phlebotomy and other remedies which we have spoken of as requisite for the menstrual flux when it floweth immoderately is here necessary to be used But if it be white or doth testifie or argue the ill juice of this or that humor by any other colour a purgation must be prescribed of such things as are proper to the humor that offends for it is not good to stop such a flux suddenly for it is necessary A womans flux is not suddenly to be stopped that so the body should be purged of such filth or abundance of humors for they that do hasten to stop it cause the dropsie by reason that this sink of humors is turned back into the liver or else a cancer in the womb because it is stayed there or a fever or other diseases according to the condition of the part that receiveth it Therefore we must not come to local detersives desiccatives restrictives unless we have first used universal remedies according to art Alum-baths baths of brimstone and of bitumen or iron are convenient for the whites that come of a phlegmatick humor What baths are profitable instead whereof baths may be made of the decoction of herbs that are hot dry and indued with an aromatick power with alom and pebbles or flint-stones red hot thrown into the same Let this be the form of a cleansing decoction and injection â„ž fol. absynth agrimon centinod burs-past an m. ss boil them together and make thereof a decoction in which dissolve mellis rosar â„¥ .ii aloes myrrhae salis uitri an Ê’i make thereof an injection the woman being so placed on a pillow under her buttocks that the neck of the womb being more high An astringent injection may be wide open when the injection is received let the woman set her legs across and draw them up to her buttocks and so she may keep that which is injected They that endeavor to dry and binde more strongly add the juice of acatia green galls the findes of pomegranats roch-alome Romane vitriol and they boil them in Smiths water and red-wine pessaries may be made of the like faculty The signs of a putrified ulcer in the womb If the matter that commeth forth be of an ill color or smell it is like that there is a rotten ulcer therefore we ought to inject those things that have power to correct the putrefaction among which Aegyptiacum dissolved in lie or red wine excelleth There are women which when they are troubled with a virulent Gonorrhaea The vâ—rulent Gonorrhaea is like unto the flux of women or an involuntary flux of the seed cloaking the fault with an honest name do untruly say that they have the whites because that in both these diseases a great abundance of filth is avoided But the Chyrurgian may easily perceive that malady by the rottenness of the matter that floweth out and he shall perswade himself that it will not be cured without salivation or fluxing
eggs and oil of lin-seed take oâ— each of them two ounces beat them together a long time in a leaden morter and therewith annoint the grieved part but if there be an inflammation put thereto a little Camphir CHAP. LXIV Of the itching of the womb What the itch of the womb IN women especially such as are old there often-times commeth an itching in the neck of the womb which doth so trouble them with pain and a desire to scratch that it taketh away their sleep Not long since a woman asked my counsel that was so troubled with this kinde of maladie that she was constrained to extinguish or stay the itching burning of her secret parts by sprinkling cinders of fire and rubbing them hard on the place I counselled her to take Aegypt dissolved in sea-water or lee A historie and inject it in her secret parts with a syringe and to wet stupes of flax in the same medicine and put them up into the womb and so she was cured Many times this itch commeth in the fundament or testicles of aged men The cause of the itch by reason of the gathering together or conflux of salt phlegm which when it falleth into the eyes it causeth the patient to have much ado to refrain scratching when this matter hath dispersed into the whole habit of the bodie it causeth a burning or itching scab which must be cured by a cooling and moistning diet by phlebotomie and purging of the salt humor by baths and horns applied with scaâ—ification and annointing of the whole bodie with the unction following The virtue of unguent enulat â„ž axung porcin recent lbi ss sap nig vel gallici salis nitri assat tartar staphysag an â„¥ ss sulph viv â„¥ i. argent viv â„¥ ii acet ros quart i. incorporate them all together and make thereof a liniment according to art and use it as is said before unguentum enulatum cum Mercurio is thought to have great force not without desert to asswage the itch and the drie scab Some use this that followeth â„ž alum spum nitr sulph viv an Ê’ vi staphys â„¥ i. let them all be dissolved in vinegar of Roses adding thereto butyr recent q. s make thereof a liniment for the fore-named use CHAP. LXV Of the relaxation of the great Gut or Intestine which happeneth to women The cause MAny women that have had great travel and strains in childe-birth have the great intestine called of the Latines crassum intestinum or Gut relaxed and slipped down which kinde of affect happeneth much to children by reason of a phlegmatick humor moistening the sphincter-muscle of the fundament and the two others called Levatores For the cure thereof The cure first of all the Gut called rectum intestinum or the strait Gut is to be fomented with a decoction of heating and resolving herbs as of Sage Rosemary Lavender Tyme and such like and then of astringent things as of Roses Myrtils the rindes of Pomegranats Cypress-nuts Galls with a little Alum then it must be sprinkled with the powder of things that are astringent without biting and last of all it is to be restored and gently put into its place That is supposed to be an effectual and singular remedy for this purpose An effectual remedy which is made of twelve red Snails put into a pot with â„¥ ss of Alum and as much of Salt and shaken up and down a long time for so at length when they are dead there will remain an humor which must be put upon Cotton and applyed to the Gut that is fallen down By the same cause that is to say of painful childe-birth in some women there ariseth a great swelling in the navel The diffâ—rences and signs for when the Peritonaeum is relaxed or broken sometimes the Kall and sometimes the Guts flip out many times flatulencies come thither the cause as I now shewed is over great straining or stretching of the belly by a great burthen carried in the womb and great travel in childe-birth if the falln-down Guts make that tumor pain joined together with that tumor doth vex the patient and if it be pressed you may hear the noise of the Guts going back again if it be the Kall then the tumor is soft and almost without pain neither can you hear any noise by compression if it be winde the tumor is loose and soft yet it is such as will yield to the pressing of the finger with some sound and will soon return again if the tumor be great it cannot be cured unless the peritonaeum be cut as it is said in the cure of ruptures In the Church-porches of Paris I have seen Beggar-women An historie who by the falling down of the Guts have had such tumors as big as a bowl who notwithstanding could go and do all other things as if they had been sound and in perfect health I think it was because the faeces or excrements by reason of the greatness of the tumor and the bigness or wideness of the intestines had a free passage in and out CHAP. LXVI Of the relaxation of the navel in children OFten-times in children newly born the navel swelleth as big an egg because it hath not been well cut or bound or because the whayish humors are flowed thither or because that part hath exâ—ended it self too much by crying by reason of the pains of the fretting of the childes guts An abscess not to be opened many times the childe bringeth that tumor joined with an abscess with him from his mothers womb but let not the Chirurgian assay to open that abscess for if it be opened the guts come out through the incision as I have seen in many and especially in a childe of my Lord Martigues for when Peter of the Rock the Chirurgian opened an abscess that was in it the bowels ran out at the incision and the infant died and it wanted but little that the Gentleman of my Lords retinue that were there had strangled the Chirurgian An historie Therefore when Iohn Gromontius the Carver desired me and requested me oâ— late that I would do the like in his son I refused to do it because it was in danger of its life by it alreadie and in three daies after the abscess broke and the bowels gushed out and the childe died CHAP. LXVII Of the pain that chiildren have in breeding of teeth CHildren are greatly vexed with their teeth The time of breeding of the teeth which cause great pain when they begin to â—reak as it were out of their shell or sheath and begin to come forth the gums being broken which for the most part happeneth about the seventh month of the childes age This pain commeth with itching and scratching of the gums an inflammation flux of the belly whereof many times commeth a fever falling of the hair a convulsion at length death The cause of the pain is the solution of the continuity of the
brought to King Charls the ninth being then at Metz. * The shape of a monster found in an Egg. The effigies of a monstrous b Childe having two heads two arms and four legs In the year 1546. a woman at Paris in her sixth month of her account brought forth a b Childe having two heads two armes and four legs I dissecting the body of it found but one heart by which one may know it was but one infant For you may know this from Aristotle whether the monstrous birth be one or more joyned together by the principal part for if the body have but one heart it is but one if two it is double by the joyning together in the conception In the year 1569. a certain woman of Towers was delivered of * Twins joyned together with one head and naturally embracing each other Renatus Ciretus the famous Chirurgian of thoâ—e paâ—ts sent me their Sceleton The pâ—rtraiture of * Twins joined together with one head The effigies of two c Girls being twins jâ—ined together by their fore-heads Munster writes that in the village Bristan not far from Worms in the year 1495. he saw two c Girls perfect and entire in every part of their bodies but they had their foreheads so joined together that they could not be parted or severed by any art they lived together ten years then the one dying it was needful to separate the living from the dead but she did not long out-live her sister by reason of the malignity of the wound made in parting them asunder In the year of our Lord 1570. the twentieth of Julie at Paris in the street Gravilliers at the sign of the Bell these two infants weâ—e boâ—n differing in sex with that shape of body that you see here expressed in the figure They were baptized in the Church of St. Nicolas of the fâ—elds and named Ludâ—vicus and Ludâ—vica their father was a Mason his name was Peter Germane his surname Petit Dieu i. little-God his mothers name was Mathea Petronilla The shape of the infants lately born at Paris In the year 1572. in Pont de See near Anger 's a little town were born upon the tenth daie of Julie two girles perfect in their limbs but that they had out four fingerr a piece on their left hands they clave together in their fore parts from their breast to their navel which was but one as their heart also but one their liver was divided into four lobes they lived half an hour and were baptized The figure of two girls joined together in their breasts and belly The figure of a childe with two heads and the body as big as one of four moneths old Var. lect lib. 24. cap. â— Caelius Rhodiginus tells that in a town of his country called Sarzano Italie being troubled with civil Wars there was born a monster of unusual bigness for he had two heads having all his limbs answerable in greatness and tallness to a childe of four months old between his two heads which were both alike at the setting on of the shoulder it had a third hand put forth which did not exceed the ears in length for it was not all seen it was born the 5. of the Ides of March 1514. The figure of one with four legs and as manie arms Jovianus Pontanus tells in the year 1529. the ninth daie of Januarie there was a man childe born in Germanie having four arms and as many legs The figure of a man out of whose belly another head shewed it self In the year that Francis the first King of France entered into league with the Swisses there was born a monster in Germanie out the midst of whose bellie there stood a great head it came to mans age and his lower and as it were inserted head was nourished as much as the true and upper head The shape of two Monstrous Twins being but of one only Sex The shape of a monstrous Pig In the year 1572. the last day of February in the parish of Vinban in the way as you go from Carnuta to Paris in a small village called Bordes one called Cypriana Giranda the wife of James Merchant a husbandman brought forth this monster whose shape you see here delineated which lived until the Sunday following being but of one only sex which was the female In the year 1572. on Easter Munday at Metz in Lorain in the Inn whose signe is the Holie Ghost a Sow pigged a pig which had eight legs four ears and the head of a dog the hinder part from the belly downward was parted in two as in twins but the fore-parts grew into one it had two tongues in the mouth with four teeth in the upper jaw and as many in the lower The sex was not to be distinguished whether it were a Bore or Sow pig for there was one slit under the tail and the hinder parts were all rent and open The shape of this Monster as it is here set down was sent me by Borgesius the famous Physician of Metz. CHAP. III. Of women bringing many Children at one birth WOman is a creature bringing usually but one at a birth but there have been some who have brought forth two some three some four some five six or more at one birth Empedocles thought that the abundance of seed was the cause of such numerous births the Stoiks affirm the divers cells or partitions of the womb to be the cause 4 De gen anim c. p. 4. for the seed being variously parted into these partitions and the conception divided there are more children brought forth no otherwise then in rivers the water beating against the rocks is turned into divers circles or rounds But Aristotle saith there is no reason to think so for in women that parting of the womb into cells as in dogs and sows taketh no place for womens wombs have but one cavitie parted into two recesses the right and left nothing comming between except by chance distinguished by a certain line for often twins lie in the same side of the womb Aristotles opinion is that a woman cannot bring forth more then five children at one birth The maid of Augustus Cesar brought forth five at a birth and a short while after she and her children died In the year 1554. at Bearn in Switzerland the wife of Dr. John Gelenger brought forth five children at one birth three boyes and two girls Albucrasis affirms a woman to have been the mother of seven children at one birth and another who by some external injurie did abort brought forth fifteen perfectly shaped in all their parts Lib. 7. Cap 11. Cap 3. Plinie reports that it was extant in the writings of Physicians that twelve children were born at one birth and that there was another in Peloponnesus which four several times was delivered of five children at one birth and that the greater part of those children lived It is reported by Dalechampiâ—â— that Bonaventura the slave of one Savil a gentleman of
cap. 30. having the bark in part pulled off finely streaked with white and green in the places where they used to drink especially at the time they engendred that the representation apprehended in the conception should be presently impressed in the young for the force of imagination hath so much power over the infant that it sets upon it the notes or characters of the thing conceived We have read in Heliodorus that Persia Queen of Aethiopia by her husband Hidustes being also an Ethiope had a daughter of a white complexion because in the embraces of her husband by which she proved with childe she earnestly fixed her eye and minde upon the picture of then fair Andromeda standing opposite to her Damascene reports that he saw a maid hairy like a Bear which had that deformity by no other cause or occasion then that her mother earnestly beheld in the very instant of receiving and conceiving the seed the image of S. John covered with a Camels skin hanging upon the posts of the bed They say Hippocrates by this explication of the causes freed a certain noble woman from suspition of adultery who being white her self and her husband also white brought forth a childe as black as an Ethiopian because in copulation she strongly and continually had in her minde the picture of the Ethiope The effigies of a maid all hairy and an infant that was black by the imagination of their Parents There are some who think the infant once formed in the womb which is done at the utmost within two and forty dayes after the conception is in no danger of the mothers imagination neither of the seed of the father which is cast into the womb because when it hath got a perfect figure it cannot be altered with any external form of things which whether it be true or no is not here to be inquired of truly I think it best to keep the woman all the time she goeth with childe from the sight of such shapes and figures In Stequer a village of Saxony they say a monster was born with four feet eyes mouth and nose like a calf with a round and red excrescence of flesh on the forehead and also a piece of flesh like a hood hung from his neck upon his back and it was deformed with its thighs torn and cut The effigies of a horrid Monster having feet hands and other parts like a Calf The effigies of an infant with a face like a Frog Anno Dom. 1517. in the parish of Kings-wood in the forrest Biera in the way to Fonteau-Bleau there was a monster born with the face of a Frog being seen by John Bellanger Chirurgian to the Kings Engineers before the Justices of the town of Harmony principally John Bribon the Kings procurator in that place The fathers name was Amadaeus the Little his mothers Magdalene Sarbucata who troubled with a fever by a womans perswasion held a quick frog in her hand until it died she came thus to bed with her husband and conceived Bellanger a man of an acute wit thought this was the cause of the monstrous deformity of the childe CHAP. VIII Of Monsters caused by the straitness of the womb That the straitness or littleness of the womb may be the occasion of monsters WE are constrained to confess by the event of things that monsters are bred and caused by the straitness of the womb for so apples growing upon the trees if before they come to just ripeness they be put into strait vessels their growth is hindred So some whelps which women take delight in are hindred from any further growth by the littleness of the place in which they are kept Who knows not that the plants growing in the earth are hindred from a longer progress and propagation of their roots by the opposition of a flint or any other solid body and therefore in such places are crooked slender and weak but on the other part where they have free nourishment to be strait and strong for seeing that by the opinion of Naturalists the place is the form of the thing placed it is necessary that those things that are shut up in straiter spaces prohibited of free motion should be lessened depraved and lamed Empedocles and Diphilus acknowledged three causes of monstrous births The too great or small matter of the feed the corruption of the seed and depravation of growth by the straitness or figure of the womb which they thought the chiefest of all because they thought the cause was such in natural births as in forming of metals and fusible things of which statues being made do less express the things they be made for if the molds or forms into which the matter is poured be rough scabrous too strait or otherwise faulty CHAP. IX Of Monsters caused by the ill placing of the Mother in sitting lying down or any other site of the body in the time of her being with childe WE often too negligently and carelesly corrupt the benefits and corporal endowments of nature in the comliness and dignity of conformation it is a thing to be lamented and pitied in all but especially in women with childe because that fault doth not only hurt the mother but deforms and perverts the infant which is contained in her womb for we moving any manner of way must necessarily move whatsoever is within us Therefore they which fit idlely at home all the time of their being with childe as cross-legged those which holding their heads down do sow or work with the needle or do any other labour which press the belly too hard with cloaths breeches and swathes do produce children wrie-necked stooping crooked and disfigured in their feet hands and the rest of their joints as you may see in the following figure The effigies af a childe who from the first conception by the site of the mother had his hands and feet standing crooked CHAP. X. Of monsters caused by a stroke fall or the like occasion THere is no doubt but if any injury happen to a Woman with childe by reason of a stroke fall from on high or the like occasion the hurt also may extend to the childe Therefore by these occasions the tender bones may be broken wrested strained or depraved after some other monstrous manner and more by the like violence of such things a vein is often opened or broken or a flux of blood or great vomiting is caused by the vehement concussion of the whole body by which means the childe wants nourishment and therefore will be small and little and altogether monstrous CHAP. XI Of Monsters which have their original by reason of hereditary diseases BY the injury of hereditary diseases infants grow monstrous that is monstrously deformed for crookt-backt produce crook-backt and often-times so crooked that between the bunch behinde and before the head lies hid as a Tortoise in her shell so lame produce lame flatnos'd their like dwarfs bring forth dwarfs lean bring forth lean and fat
of the name Lib. 15 de civit Dei cap. 22. 23. POwerful by these fore-mentioned arts and deceits they have sundry times accompanied with men in copulation whereupon such as have had to do with men were called Succubi those which made use of women Incubi Verily St. Augustine seemeth not to be altogether against it but that they taking upon them the shape of man may fill the genitals as by the help of nature to the end that by this means they may draw aside the unwary by the flames of lust from virtue and chastity An historie John Rufe in his Book of the conception and generation of man writes that in his time a certain woman of monstrous lust and wondrous imprudency had to do by night with a Devil that turned himself into a man and that her belly swelled up presently after the act and when as she thought she was with childe she fell into so grievous a disease that she voided all her entrails by stool medicines nothing at all prevailing Another The like history is told of a servant of a certain Butcher who thinking too attentively on Venerous matters a Devil appeared to him in the shape of a woman with whom supposing it to be a woman when as he had to do his genitals so burned after the act that becomming enflamed he died with a great deal of torment An opinion confuted Neither doth Peter Paludanus and Martin Arelatensis think it absurd to affirm that Devils may beget children if they shall ejaculate into the womans womb seed taken from some man either dead or alive Yet this opinion is most absurd and full of falsity mans seed consisting of a seminal or sanguinous matter and much spirit if it run otherwaies then into the womb from the testicles and stay never so little a while it loseth its strength efficacy the heat and spirits vanishing away for even the too great length of a mans yard is reckoned amongst the causes of barrenness by reason that the seed is cooled by the length of the way If any in copulation after the ejaculation of the seed presently draw themselves from the womans embraces they are thought not to generate Averrois his history c nvict of falshood by reason of the air entring into the yet open womb which is thought to corrupt the seed By which it appears how false that history in Averrois is of a certain woman that said she conceived with childe by a mans seed shed in a bath and so drawn into her womb she entring the bath presently after his departure forth It is much less credible that Devils can copulate with women for they are of an absolute spirituous nature but blood and flesh are necessary for the generation of man What natural reason can allow that the incorporeal Devils can love corporeal women And how can we think that they can generate who want the instruments of generation How can they who neither eat nor drink be said to swell with seed Now where the propagation of the species is not necessary to be supplied by the succession of individuals Nature hath given no desire of Venery neither hath it imparted the use of generation but the devils once creared were made immortal by Gods appointment The illusions of the devil If the faculty of generation should be granted to devils long since all places had been full of them Wherefore if at any time women with childe by the familiarity of the devil seem to travel we must think it happens by those arts we mentioned in the former chapter to wit they use to stuff up the bodies of living women with cold clouts bones pieces of iron thorns twisted hairs pieces of wood serpents and a world of such trumpery wholly dissenting from a womans nature who afterwards the time as it were of their delivery drawing nigh through the womb of her that was falsly judged with childe before the blinded and as it were bound up eies of the by-standing women they give vent to their impostures The following history recorded in the writings of many most credible authors may give credit thereto There was at Constance a fair damosell called Margaret who served a wealthy Citizen A history she gave it out everywhere that she was with childe by lying with the devil on a certain night Wherefore the Magistrates thought it fit she should be kept in prison that it might be apparent both to them and others what the end of this exploit would be The time of deliverance approaching she felt pains like those which women endure in travel at length after many throws by the midwives help in stead of a childe she brought forth iron nails pieces of wood of glass bones stones hairs tow and the like things as much different from each others as from the nature of her that brought them forth and which were formerly thrust in by the devil to delude the too credulous mindes of men The Church acknowledgeth that devils Our sins are the cause that the devils abuse us by the permission and appointment of God punishing our wickedness may abuse a certain shape so to use copulation with mankinde But that an humane birth may thence arise it not only affirms to be false but detests as impious as which believes that there was never any man begot without the seed of man our Saviour Christ excepted Now what confusion and perturbation of creatures should possess this world as Cassianus saith if devils could conceive by copulation with men or if women should prove with child by accompanying them how many monsters would the devils have brought forth from the beginning of the world how many prodigies by casting their seed into the wombs of wilde and bruit beasts for by the opinion of Philosophers as often as faculty and will concur the effect must necessarily follow now the devils never have wanted will to disturbe mankinde and the order of this world for the devil as they say is our enemy from the beginning and as God is the author of order and beauty so the devil by pride contrary to God is the causer of confusion and wickedness Wherefore if power should acrew equall to his evil minde and nature and his infinite desire of mischief and envy who can doubt but a great confusion of all things and species and also great deformity would invade the decent and comly order of this universe monsters arising on every side But seeing that devils are incorporeal what reason can induce us to believe that they can be delighted with Venerous actions and what will can there be whereas there is no delight nor any decay of the species to be feared seeing that by Gods appointment they are immortal so to remain for ever in punishment so what need they succession of individuals by generation wherefore if they neither will nor can it is a madness to think that they do commix with man CHAP. XVII Of Magick and supernatural
stricken with lightning fall on the contrary side only man falleth on the affected side if he be not turned with violence toward the coast or region from whence the lightning came If a man be stricken with lightning while he is asleep he will be found with eyes open contrariwise if he be stricken while he is awake his eyes will be closed as Pliny writeth Philip Commines writeth that those bodies that are stricken with lightning are not subject to corruption as others are Therefore in antient time it was their custom neither to burn nor bury them for the brimstone which the lightning bringeth with it was unto them in stead of salt for that by the driness and fiery heat thereof it did preserve them from putrefaction Signs of wounds given to a living or dead man Also it may be inquired in judgment Whether any that is dead and wounded received these wounds alive or dead Truly the wounds that ate made of a living man if he dye of them after his death will appear red and bloody with the sides or edges swoln or pale round about contrariwise those that are made in a dead man will be neither red bloody swoln nor puffed up For all the faculties and functions of life in the body do cease and fall together by death so that thenceforth no spirits nor blood can be sent or flow into the wounded place Therefore by these signs which shall appear it may be declared that he was wounded dead or alive Signs whether one be hanged alive or dead The like question may come in judgment when a man is found hanged whether he were dead or alive Therefore if he were hanged alive the impression or print of the rope will appear red pale or black and the skin round about it will bee contracted or wrinkled by reason of the compression which the cord hath made also oftentimes the head of the aspera arteria is rent and toâ—n and the second spondyl and the neck luxated or moved out of his place Also the arms and leggs will be pale by reason of the violent and sudden suffocation of the spirits moreover there will be a foam about his mouth and a foamy and filthy matter hanging out of his nostrils begin sent thither both by reason that the Lungs are suddenly heated and suffocated as also by the convulsion and concussion of the brain like as it were in the falling-sickness Contrariwise if he be hanged dead none of these signs appear for neither the print of the rope appears red or pale but of the same color as the other parts of the body are because in dead men the blood and spirits do not flow to the greived parts Whether one found dead in the water câ—me therein alive or dead Whosoever is found dead in the waters you shall know whether they were thrown into the water alive or dead For all the belly of him that was thrown in alive will be swollâ— and puffed up by reason of the water that is contained therein certain clammy excrements come out at his mouth and nostrils the ends of his fingers will be woâ—â— and excoriated because that he died striving and digging or scraping in the sand or bottom of the river seeking somewhat whereon he might take hold to save himself from drowning Contrarywise if he be thrown into the waters being dead before his belly will not be swoln because that in a dead man all the passages and conduits of the body do fall together and are stopped and closed and for that a dead man breaths not there appeareth no foam nor â—â—lthy matter about his mouth and nose and much less can the tops of his fingers be worn and excoriated for when a man is already dead he cannot strive against death But as concerning the bodies of those that are drowned those that swim on the upper part of the water being swoln or puffed up they are not so by reason of the water that is conteined in the belly but by reason of a certain vapor into which a great portion of the humors of the body are converted by the efficacy of the putrifying heat Therefore this swelling appeareth not in all men which do perish or else are cast out dead into the waters but only in them which are corrupted with the filthiness or muddiness of the water long time after they were drowned and cast on the shore But now I will declare the accidents that come to those that are suffocated and stifled or smothered with the vapor of kindled or burning charcoals Of such as are smothered by Charcoal and how you may fore-tel the causes thereof by the history following In the year of our Lord God 1575. the tenth day of May I with Robert Gleauline Doctor of Physick was sent for by Master Hamel an Advocate of the Court of Parliament of Paris to see and shew my opinion on two of his servants of whom the one was his Clerk and the other his Horse-keeper All his family supposed them dead because they could not perceive or feel their Arteries to beat all the extreme parts of their bodies were cold they could neither speak nor move their faces were pale and wan neither could they be raised up with any violent beating or plucking by the hair Therefore all men accounted them dead and the question was only of what kinde of death they died for their Master suspected that some body had strangled them others thought that each of them had stopped one anothers winde with their hands and others judged that they were taken with a sudden apoplexy But I presently inquired Whether there had been any fire made with coals in the house lately whereunto their master giving ear sought about all the corners of the chamber for the chamber was very little and close and at last found an earthen-pan with charcoal half burned which when we once saw we all affirmed with one voyce that it was the cause of all this misfortune and that it was the malign fume and venemous vapor which had smothered them as it were by stopping the passages of their breath Therefore I put my hand to the regions of their hearts where I might perceive that there was some life remaining by the heat and pulsation that I felt though it were very little wherefore we thought it convenient to augment and increase it Therefoâ—e first of all artificially opened their mouths which were very fast closed and sticking obstinately together and thereinto both with a spoon and also with a silver-pipe we put aqua vitae often distilled with dissolved hiera and triacle when we had injected these medicines often into their mouths they begâ—n to move and to stretch themselves and to cast up and expel many viscous excremental and filthy humors at their mouths and nostrils and their lungs seemed to be hot as it were in their throats Therefore then we gave them vomitories of a great quantity of Oxymel and beat them often
the space of three years with extreme pain by reason of a great Caries which was in the bone Asiragal Cyboides great â—nd little â—â—cil and through all the nervous parts through which she felt extreme and intolerable pains night and day she is called Mary of Hostel aged 28 years or thereabouts wife of Peter Heâ—ve Esquire of the Kitchin to the Lady Ducheâ—s of Vzez dwelling in the meet of Verbois on the other side S. Martin in the fields dwelling at the sign of the S. John's-head where the said Charbâ—nel cut off the said leg The operation of Charbonel the bredth of 4 large fingers below the knee and after that he had inâ—â—ed the flesh and â—awed the bone he griped the vein with the Crow-bill then the Artery then tied them fâ—om whence I protest to God which the company that were there can witness that in all the operation that was suddenly done there was not spilt one porrenger of blood and I bid the said Charbonel to let it bleed more following the precept of Hippâ—crates that it is good in all wounds and also in inveterate ulcers to let the blood run by this means the part is less subject to inflammation In the â— Cent. of â—e bâ—ok of Ulcers The said Charbonel continued the dressing of her who was cured in two months without any flux of blood happening unto her or other ill accident and she went to see you at your lodging being perfectly cured Another History Another history of late memory of a singing-man of our Ladies Church named M. Colt who broke both the bones of his leg which were crusht in divers pieces insomuch that there was no hope of cure to withstand a gangrene and mortification and by consequence death Monsieur Helin Doctor Regent in the faculty of Physick a man of honor and good knowledge Claud. Viard and Simon Peter sworn Surgeons of Paris men well exercised in Surgery and Balthazar of Lestre and Leonard de Leschenal Operation done by Viaâ—d M. Barber-Surgeons weâ—l experimented in the operations of Surgery were all of opinion to withstand the accidents aforesaid to make entire amputation of the whole leg a little above the broken and shivered bones and the torn nerves veins arteries the operation was nimbly done by the said Viard and the blood stancht by the ligature of the vessels in the presence of the said Helin and M. Tousard great vicar of our Ladies Church and was continually drest by the said Leschenal and I went to see him otherwhiles he was happily cured without the applâ—cation of hot irons and walketh lustily on a woodden leg Another History In the year 1583. the 10. day of December Toussiant Posson born at Ronieville at this present dwelling at Beauvais near Dâ—urdan having his leg all ulcered and all the bones cariez'd and rotten prayed me for the honor of God to cut off his leg by reason of the great pain which he could no longer endure After his body was prepared I caused his leg to be cut off four fingers below the retula of the knee by Daniel Powlet one of my servants to teach him and to imbolden him in such works and there be readily tied the vessels to stay the bleeding without application of hot irons in the presence of James Guillemau ordinary Surgeon to the King and John Châ—â—bâ—nel Master-Surgeon of Paris and during the cure was visited by M. Laffile and M. Couâ—tin Doctor Regents in the faculty of medicine at Paris The said operation was made in the house of John â—â—hel Inn-keeper dwelling at the sign of the white-Horse in the Greve I will not heâ—e forget to say that the Lady Princess of Montpensier knowing that he was poor and in my hands gâ—ve him mony to pay for his chamber and diet He was well cured God be praised and is returned home to his house with a woodden-leg Another History A Gangreen happening by an Antecedent cause A Gangreen happened to half of the leg to one named Nicolas Mesnager aged 76. years dwelling in S. Honores street at the sign of the Basket which happened to him through an inward cause so that we were constrained to cut off his leg to save his life and it was taken off by Antony Renaud Master Barber-Surgeon of Paris the 16. day of December 1583. in the presence of M. Le Fort and M. La Nave sworn Surgeons of Paris and the blood was stanched by the Ligature of the Vessels and he is at this present cured and in health walking with a wooden-leg A water-man at the Port of Nesle dwelling near Monsieur de Mas Post-master Another History nâ—â—ed John Boussereau in whose hands a Musket brake asunder which broke the bones of his hâ—â—d 〈◊〉 â—ent â—nd tore the other parts in such sort that it was needful and necessary to make aâ—p◠〈…〉 the â—â—nd two fingers above the wrist Operation d nâ— by Gullâ—mâ—r which was done by James Guillemau then Surgâ—on 〈…〉 the King who dwelt at that time with me The operation likewise beiâ—â—â—ly â—one and the blood stanched by the Ligature of the vessels without burning â—ons he is 〈◊〉 this present living A Merchant Grocer dwelling in S. Denis-street at the sign of the 〈…〉 named the Judg who fell upon his head where was made a wound 〈…〉 â—poral muscle Another History Operation â— done by the Author where he had an artery opened from whence issued forth blood wâ—◠〈…〉 impeâ—â—oâ—â—y insomuch that common remedies would not serve the turn I was called tâ—â—â—her wâ—â—re I found Mr. Russe Mr. Câ—interet Mr. Viard sworn Surgeons of Paris to stay â— ood where presently I took a needle and thred and tied the artery and it bled no more after that and was quickly cured Mr. Rowssellet can witness it not long since Deacon of your Faculty who was in the cure with us A Sergaant of the Chastlet dwelling near S. Andrew des Aâ—ts Another History Another operation who had a stroak of a sword upon the throat in the Clacks medow which cut asunder the jugular vein extern as soon as he was hurt he put his hankeâ—â—her upon the wound and came to look me at my house and when he took away his hankercheâ— the blood leaped out with great impetuosity I suddenly tied the vein toward the root he by this this means was stanched and cured thanks be to God And if one had followed your manner of stanching blood by cauteries I leave it to be supposed whether he had been cured I think he had been dead in the hands of the operator If I would recite all those whose vessels were tied to stay the blood which have been cured I should not have ended this long time so that me thinks there are Histories enough recited to make you believe the blood of veins and arteries is surely stanched without applying any outward cauteries He that doth strive against experience Daigns not to talk of any learned science NOw my
boyes apparel to come to dress him which I would not do fearing he should die under my hands and to put it off I said I must not take off the dressing till the third day by reason he would dye though he were never touched The third day he came staggering and found me in my Tent accompanied with the wench and prayed me most affectionately to dress him And shewed me a purse wherein he had an hundred or sixscore pieces of gold and that he would content me to my desire for all â—hat yet notwithstanding I left not off to defer the taking off his dressing fearing lest he should dye at the same instant Certain gentlemen desired me to go dress him which I did at their request but in dressing him he died under my hands in a Convulsion Now this Priest accompanied him untill death who seized upon the purse lest another should take it saying â—e â—d say Masses for his soul Moreover he furnisht himself with his cloaths and with all the reâ—â— of 〈◊〉 things There recited this History as a monstrous thing that the Souldier fell not to ground when he had received this great stroke and was in good senses even till death Soon after the Camp was broken for divers causes the one because we were advertised that four companies of Spaniards were entred into Parpignam the other that the plague begun much in our camp and it was told us by the people of the country that shortly there would be a great overflowing of the Sea which might drown us all and the presage which they had was a very great winde from Sea which arose in such manner that there remained not one Tent which was not broken and overthrown for all the strength and diligence could be given and the Kitchins being all uncovered the winde raised so the dust and sand which salted and poudered our meat in such sort that we could not eat it so that we were constrained to boil it in pots and other vessels well covered Now we did not un-camp our selves in so good time but that there were many Carts and Carters Mules and Mule-drivers drowned in the Sea with great loss of baggage The Camp broken I returned to Paris The Voyage to Landresy 1544. KIng Francis raised a great Army to victual Landresy on the othe side the Emperor had no less people yea much more that is to say eighteen thousand Germans ten thousand Spaniards six thousand Wallons ten thousand English and a matter of thirteen or fourteen thousand Horse I saw the two Armies near one another within Cannon-shot and it was thought they would never part without giving battel There were some certain foolish gentlemen who would approach the enemies Camp certain shot was made at them and some died at the place others had their arms or legs carried away The King having done what he desired which was to victual Landresy retired himself with his army to Guise which was the day after All-Saints one thousand five hundred forty four and from thence I returned to Paris The Voyage of Boulogn 1545. A Little while after we went to Boulogne where the English seeing our Army left the Forts which they had that is to say Moulambert the little Paradise Monplaisir the fort of Shatillon the Porter the sort Dardelot One day going through the Camp to dress my hurt people the enemies who were in the Tower of Order shot off a piece of ordnance thinking to kil Horsemen which stayd to talk with one another It happened that the bullet passed very near one of them which threw him to the ground and t was thought the said bullet had toucht him which it did not at all but only the winde of the said bullet in the midst of his coat which went with such a force that all the outward part of the thigh became black and blue and he had much ado to stand I drest him and made him divers Scarifications to evacuate the contused blood which the winde of the said bullet had made and the rebounds that it made on the ground kild four souldiers which remained dead in the place I was not far from this stroke so that I felt somewhat the moved air without doing me any more harm then a little fear which made me stoop my head very low but the bullet was already passed far beyond me The Souldiers mockt me to be affraid of a bullet already gone My little Master I think if you had been there that I had not been affraid alone and that you would have had your share of it What shall I say more Monsieur the duke of Guise Francis of Lorrain was hurt before Bullogne with a stroke of a Lance which above the right eye declining towards the nose entered and passed quite through on the other between the nucha and the ear with so great violence that the head of the lance with a great part of the wood was broken and remained within in such sort that it could not be drawn out but with great force yea with Smiths pincers Notwithstanding all this violence which was not done without breaking of bones nerves and arteries and other parts my Said Lord by the help of God was cured the Said Lord went alwaies with open face which was the cause that the Lance went through on the other side The Voyage of Germany 1552. I Went the Voyage to Germany in the year 1552. with Monsieur de Rohan Captain of fifty Horses where I was Surgeon of his company which I have said already In this voyage Monsieur the high Constable of France was General of the Army Monsieur de Chastillon since Admiral was chief Colonel of the Foot having Four Regiments of Lansquenets under the Conduct of these Captains Recrod and Ringrave having each of them two Regiments each Regiment was of ten Ensigns and each Ensign of five hundred men And besides these was Captain Chartel who conducted the Troops that the Protestant-Princes had sent to the King This was a very great company of foot accompanyed with fifteen hundred Horse with the following of each one two Archers which might make four thousand and five hundred Horse besides two thousand Light Horse and as many musketeers on Horse-back of whom de Aumalle was General besides the great number of Nobility who came for their pleasure Moreover the King was accompanyed with two hundred Gentlemen of his house and likewise with divers Princes there was also for his troop that served him the French Scottish and Swissers Guards amounting to six hundred men on foot and the Companies of Monsieur the Dolphin Messieres de Guise de Aumalle and of the Marshal of Saint Andrew which amounted to four hundred Lances which was a marvellous thing to see such a fair Company and in this equipage the King entred into Thou and Mets. I will not omit to tell that it was ordained that the Companions of Messieres de Rohan of the Counâ—â—f Sancerr of Iarnac which was each
being sent over from the Mesenterick arteries to those of the loins may easily go from them into the brain to which those very vessels are carried But the trunk of the great artery when it is come to the last rack-bone of the loins having taken its journey all the way which we have shewed under the hollow vein at the left side here gets above the vein lest it should be worn away in that continual motion by the hardness of the holy-bone But it is divided no otherwise then the hollow-vein is into two notable branches S.S. which are called by Anatomists the Iliacal arteries from their situation and being carried downward obliquely to the thigh resemble the Τ of the Greeks turned upside down But they also just like the Iliacal veins to which they are exactly answering before they be implanted into the thigh shoot out a pretty number of branches But from the lower side of the artery before the Iliacal branches be divided Sacrae issue forth sacrae the holy arteries δ which are notable ones and carried downward leaning upon the holy-bone pass through the holes thereof and run to the marrow and backside of the bone And through these also there is a way for the matter that makes the Colick to cause the Palsie of the legs After this a little below the division of the Trunk the Iliacal arteries are subdivided into two branches one of which is the inner and less the other outer and greater The less and inner Τ issues out two propagations one from its outside the other from its inside The outer ε is commonly called Muscula by us more directly Glutaea the muscle of the buttocks because it runs down with its name sake vein betwixt the holy and hip bones where they part one from another and scatters many twigs into the muscles which lye upon the Os Ilium or hanch-bone called Glutaei or the muscles of the buttocks because they are the authors of them The inner is called Hypogastrica ζ which is very notable and large The division of the Iliacal arteries into an inner outer branch Propagations of the inner or less branch and being carried directly down to the lower side of the holy-bone it affords certain propagations in men to the bottom and neck of the bladder as also to the strait gut which also may be called the Haemorrhoidal arteries but in women to whom this branch is somewhat larger it distributes a great number of propagations besides those to the fore-named parts into the lower region also of the bottom of the womb and likewise into its neck Hence we may gather the reason why if the womb reach to the middle of the hip Convulsions are caused as Hippocrates witnesseth lib. de natura muliebri As also if the womb fal down to the hip Glutaea why the monthly flowers are supprest and a pain is caused in the softness of the sides and in the lowest belly For the blood which nature drives to the womb cannot be laid in there Hypogastrica the arteries being prest together by the falling down of it so that necessarily flowing back it fils the the neighbouring veins and arteries which swelling up cause these pains For wee have oft-times seen in dissections these veins so swoln that they have been seven fold bigger then themselves Hence also a reason may be given of the thirty second Aphorism of the fifth section in the same Hippocrates where he witnesses that a woman vomiting blood is rid of her disease upon the issuing forth of her terms Which happening by the consent of all by revulsion or attraction of the humor to a contrary part and that not by the benefit of the veins because the veins of the Stomach arise out of the Gate-vein but they of the Womb from the Hollow one there is no other sympathy to be sought for then that which is caused by the arteries especially when the Hypogastrick or artery of the lower part of the lowest belly is not far distant from the Coeliacal or Artery of the Stomach Hence likewise a reason will be given of the Aphorism that follows this wherein he judgeth the Haemorrhagia or abundant issuing forth of blood at the nostrils to be profitable when the monthly courses do fail The remaining part of the lesser Iliacal artery descends and brings forth the Umbilical or navel artery η η Arteria umbilicalis which is carried down near to the length of the great artery and is tyed with strong membranes to the sides of the bladder of urine But it loses its hollowness in those that are once out of the womb After this θ like the Iliacal vein which is joyned to it it goes through the hole of the share bone or Os pubis which before it be past it takes to it a propagation issued from the outer Iliacal branch and so goes out of the hole and being departed from it spends it self in like manner as the inner Iliacal vein does upon the muscles partly those with which the hole is stopt Propagations of the outer or greater Iliacal branch partly those which arise from the share bone At length being terminated at the middle almost of the length of the thigh the end of it meets ο and is united with the ends of the branches ν of the inner muscle-artery of the â—eg of which we shall speak in the next Chapter The greater or outer Iliacal artery V produces likewise two propagations Epigostrica or the artery of the upper part of the lower belly the first of which ι is called Epigastrica which arising from the outside of it a little before it passes through the peritoneum or rim of the belly is reflected upward and ascends by the inside of the strait muscle til about the navel it be inoculated with the descendent Mammary artery Pudenda or the artery of the privy parts The other λ is called Pudenda which is a little inner propagation being not divided into so many branches as the vein of that name is But it arises presently after the artery is gone out of the peritonaeum and being carried overthwart along the commissure or joyning together of the share-bones is spent at the privy parts upon the skin of the yard That which remains of this trunk goes into the crus Χ whereof we shall now speak CHAP. IV. The propagations of the outer Iliacal branch which are distributed through the Crus or great foot containing the thigh leg and foot AFter that the outer branch V has propagated the fore-mentioned branches it departs out of the peritonaeum or rim of the belly and at the groin is carried into the Crus by the same way which the crural vein takes under which it goes The Trunk of the câ—ural artery and its propagations ere it be divided and is joyned in company therewith everywhere and so it makes the Trunk of the Crural Artery Χ as we will alwaies call it But
167. A brief recital of all the bones 170 Bones more brittle in frosty weather 349. sooner knit in young bodies ibid. Their general cure being broken or dislocated 350. How to help the symptoms happening thereon 351. Why they become rotten in the Lues venerea and how it may be perceived 456. How helped ibid. Bones striking in the throat or jaw how to be got out 344 Brachiaeus musculus 154 Brain and the History thereof 115. The Ventricles thereof 116. The mammillary processes ibid. Brain the moving or concussion thereof 248. how cured 249 Brests 95. Their magnitude figure c. ibid. How they communicate with the womb ibid. Brest-bone the History thereof ibid. Brest-bone the depression or fracture thereof how helped 354 Brevis Musculus 154 Bronchocele the differences thereof and the cure 212 Bruises See Contusions Bubos by what means the humor that causes them flows down 159 Bubos Venereal ones returning in again causes the Lues Venerea 463. Their efficient and material causes 476. Their cure ibid. Bubos in the Plague whence their original 525. the description signs and cure 552. prognosticks ibid. Bubonocele what 216 Bullets shot out of Guns do not burn 291. They cannot be poysoned 290. remain in the body after the healing of wounds 302 Buprests their poyson and their cure 513 Burns how kept from blistering 289. See Combustions Bishop fish 670 C. CAcochymia what 25 Caecum intestinum 73 Calcaneum os Calx 167 Câ— iaca arteria 78 Câ—llus what and where it proceeds 230. Better generated by meats of gross nourishments 349. Made more handsome by Ligation ibid. The material and efficient causes thereof 366. Medicines conducing to the generation thereof ibid. How to know it is a breeding ibid. What may hinder the generation thereof and how to helped being ill formed 367 Camels their kindes and condition 46 Cancer the reason of the name 199. Causes thereof ibid. differences Which not to be cured ibid. The cure if not ulcerated ibid. Cure if ulcerated ibid. Topick medicines to be thereto applied 200 Cancer or Canker in a childes mouth how to be helped 603 Cannons See Guns Cantharides and their malignity and the help thereof 513. Applied to the head they ulcerate the bladder 514 Capons subject to the Gout 451 Carbuncles whence their original 525. why so called together with their nature causes and signs 553. prognosticks 554. cure ibid. Caries ossium 263 Carpiflexores musculi 157 Carpitensores musculi 156 Cartilago scutiformis vel ensisormis 94 Caruncles their causes figures and cure 475. Other wayes of cure 476 Cases their form and use 347 Caspille a strange fish 645 Catagmatick powders 258 Catalogue of medicines and instruments for their preparation 736 c. Of Surgical instruments 737 Cataplasms their matter and use 710 Catarracts where bred 130. Their differences causes c. 409. Their cure at the beginning ibid. The touching of them 411 Catarrh sometimes malign and killing many 528 Catharetick medicines 700 Cats their poysonous quality and the Antipathy between some men and them 517 Caustick medicines their nature and use 700 Cauteries actual ones preferred before potential 480. Their several forms 481. Their use ibid. Their force against venemous bites 503. potential ones 711 Cephale what 173 Cephalica vena 148 Cephalick powders how composed 482 Cerats what their differences 708 Ceratum oesypliex Philagrio 709 Ceruss the poysonous quality thereof and the cute 521 Certificates in sundry cases Chalazion an effect of the eye-lid 403 Chamelion his shape and nature 686 Chance sometimes exceeds art 33. Findes out remedies 288 Change of native temper how it happens 12 Chaps or Chops occasioned by the Lues Venerea and the cure 483. In divers parts by other means and their cure 639 Charcoal causeth suffocation 745 Chemosis an affect of the eye-lids 406 Chest and the parts thereof 95. why partly gristly partly bony ibid. The division thereof ibid. The wounds thereof 274. Their cure ibid. They easily degenerate into a Fistula 167 Childe whether alive or or dead in the womb 609. If dead then how to be extracted 610 Children why like their Fathers and Grandfathers 592. Born without a passage in the Fundament 599. Their situation in the womb 600. when and how to be weaned 609. Their pain in breeding teeth 641. They may have impostumes in their Mothers womb 370 Childe birth and the cause thereof 599. The natural and unnatural time thereof 601. Women have no certain time ibid. Signs it is at hand 601. What 's to be done after it 602 China root the preparation and use thereof 466 Chirurgery See Surgery Chirurgion See Surgeon Choler the temper thereof 8. The nature consistence color taste and use 8. The effects thereof 9. Not natural how bred and the kindes thereof ibid Cholerick persons their habit of body manners and diseases 12. They cannot long brook fasting 451 Corion what 92. Chylus what 7 Cirfocele a kinde of Rupture c. 216. the cure 222 Cinnamon and the water therereof 733 Chavicle See Collar-bone Clettoris 92 Clyster when presently to be given after bloodleting 186. see Glyster Coats common coat of the muscles the substance quantity c. thereof 62. Of the eies 127. of the womb 92 Cockatrice See Basilisk Cocks are kingly and martial birds 44 Celchicum the poysonous quality thereof and the cure Colick and the kindes thereof c. 439 Colon 73 Collar-bones or clavicles their History 96. Their fracture 353 How to helpe it ibid. Their dislocation and cure 375 Collyria what their differences and use 714 Colour is the bewrayer of the temperament 18 Colum ella See Uvula Combustions and their differences 315. their cure ibid. Common sense what 597 Comparison between the bigger and the lesser world 488 Complexus musculus 141 Composition of medicines the necessity thereof 739 Compresses See Bolsters Concoction fault of the first concoction not mended in the after 451 Concussion of the brain how helped 266 Condylomata what they are and their cure 640 Conformation the faults thereof must be speedily helped 504. Congestion two causes thereof 178 Contusions what their causes 311. general cure ibid. How to be handled if joyned with a wound 312. How without a wound ibid. how kept from gangrening 313 Contusion of the ribs their cure 314 Convulsions the kindes and causes thereof 233 234. the cure 235. why on the contrary part in wounds of the head 252 Convulsive twitching in broken members and the cause thereof 365 Conies have taught the art of undermining 44 Cornea tunica 128 Corona what 173 Coronalis vena 77 Corroborating medicines 292 Cotyle what 173 Cotyledones what 90 594 Courses how to provoke them 578 634. how to stop them 558. 636. The reason of their name 632. Their causes ibid. causes of their suppression 634. what symptoms follow thereon 634. symptoms that follow their immoderate flowing ibid. Crabs 45 Cramp the cause and cure thereof 461 Cranes observe order in flying and keep watch 44 Cremanster
or cold ibid. Wherefore good ibid. 523 The kindes thereof ibid. How to purifie it ibid See Hydrargyrum Quotidian fever the cause thereof 196 The signs sumptoms c. ibid. The cure 197 How to be distinguished from a double Tertian ibid. R. RAck bones their fracture 256 Radish root draws out venom powerfully 556 Radius what 152 Ramus splenicus 77 Mesenteriacus 78 Ranula why so called the cause and cure 207 Raâ—sbane or Roseager the poysonous quality and cure 521 Raving See Delirium Reason and the functions thereof 598 Recti musculi 141 152 Rectum intestinum 73 Reins See Kidnies Remedies supernatural 661 See Medicines Remora the wondrous force thereof 678 Repletio ad vasa ad vires 25 Repercussives 694 What disswades their use 180 When to be used 183 Fit to be put into and upon the eye 298 Their differences c. 694 Reports how to be made 742 Resolving medicines and their kindes 695 Resolving and strengthning medicines 188 207 Respiration how a voluntary motion 16 The use thereof 99 Rest necessary for knitting of broken bones 362 Rete mirabile 120 Whether different from the Plexus coroides 122 Rhinocerot 43. His enmity with the Elephant 684 Rhomboides musculus 146 147 Ribs their number connexion and consistence 97 Their contusion and a strange symptom sometimes happening thereon 314. Their fracture the danger and cure 355 Symptoms ensuing thereon 356. Their dislocation and cure 370. Right muscles of the Epigastrium 67 Rim of the belly 69. The figure composure c. thereof ibid. Ring-worms 188 Rotula genu 164 Rough Artery 109 Rowlers See Bandages Rules of Surgery 741. Rump the fracture thereof 357. The dislocation thereof 378 The cure ibid. Ruptures 216. Their kindes ibid. Their cure 217. c. S. SAcer musculus 146 Sacrae venae 81 Sacro lumbus musculus 146 Salamander the symptoms that ensue upon his poyson and the cure 509 510 Salivation 25 Sanguine persons their manners and diseases 11 Saphena vena when and where to be opened 159 Sarcocele 216. The prognosticks and cure 222 Sarcoticks simple and compound 698. None truly such ibid. Scabious the effect thereof against a pestilent carbuncle 555 Scails how known to be severed from the bones 364 Scales of brass their poysâ—nous quality and cure 521 Of iron their harm and cure ibid. Scal'd-head the signs and cure thereof 399 Scalenus musculus 144 Scalp hairy-scalp 111 Scaphoides os 167 Scars how to help their deformity 556 Scarus a fish 44 Sceleton what 170 171 172 Sciatica the cause c. 459. The cure 460 Scirrhus what 197. What tumors referred thereto 180. The differences signs and prognosticks 198. Cure ibid. Scorpion bred in the brain by smelling to Basil 512. Their description sting and cure ibid. Scrophulae their cause and cure 195 Scull and the bones thereof 113. The fractures thereof See fractures Depressions thereof how helped 143. Where to be trepaned 262 Sea-feather and grape 673 Sea-hare his description poyson and the cure thereof 516. Seasons of the year 6 Secundine why presently to be taken away after the birth of the childe 602. Why so called 604. Causes of the stay and symptoms that follow thereon ibid. Seed-bones 156 167 Seed the condition of that which is good 576. The qualities 591 The ebullition thereof c. 595. Why the greatest portion thereof goes to the generation of the head and brain ibid. Seeing the instrument object c. thereof 16 Semicupium the form manner and use thereof 718 Semispinatus musculus 146 Sense common sense and the functions thereof 597 Septum lucidum 116 Septick medicines 700 Serpent Haemorrhous his bite and cure 508. Seps his bite and cure ibid. Basilisk his bite and cure 509. Asp his bâ—te and cure 510. Snake his bite and cure 511 Seratus Musculus Major 147. posterior superior ibid. minor ibid. Serous humor 9 Sesamoidia ossa 156 167 Seton wherefore good 296. the manner of making thereof 270 Sex what and the difference thereof 18. Histories of the change thereof 650 Shame and shame-fac'tness their effects 27 Shin-bone 164 Shoulder-blade the fractures thereof 354. the cure ibid. the dislocation 379. the fi st manner of restoring it 380. the second manner ibid. the third manner 381. the fourth manner 382. the fifth ibid. the sixth 383. how to restore it dislocated forwards 385. outwards ibid. upwards 386 Signs of sanguine cholerick phlegmatick and melancholick persons 11 Signs in general whereby to judge of diseases 742 Silk-worms their industry 39 Similar parts how many and which 54 Simple medicines their differences in qualities and effects 689. hot cold moist drie in all degrees ibid. 690. their accidental qualities ibid. their preparation 693 Siren 669 Skin two-fold the utmost or scarf-skin 60. the true skin ibid. the substance magnitude c. thereof ibid. Sleep what it is 24. the fit time the use and abuse thereof ibid. when hurtful 197. how to procure it 548 Smelling the object and medium theteof 16 Snake his bite and cure 511 Solanum manicum the poysonous quality and cure 518 Soleus musculus 169 Solution of continuity 28. why harder to repair in bones 349 Sorrow the effects thereof 26 Soul or life what it performs in plants beasts and men 597. when it enters into a body c. 596 Sounds whence the difference 142 Southern people how tempered 12 13 South-winde why pestilent 527 Sowning what the causes and cure 237 Sparrows with what care they breed their young 38 Spermatica arteria 80 Vena ibid. Spermatick vessels in men 82. in women 87. the cause of their foldings 591 Sphincter muscle of the fundament 73. of the bladder 86 Spiders their industry 38. their differences and bites 513 Spinal marrow the coats substance use c. thereof 22. signs of the wounds thereof 275 Spinalis musculus 143 Spine the dislocation thereof 375 377 how to restore it ibid. a further inquiry thereof ibid. prognosticks 378 Spirit what 17. three-fold viz. Animal Vital and Natural ibid fixed ibid. their use 18 Spirits how to be extracted out of herbs and flowers c. 733 Splene the substance magnitude figure c. thereof 77 Splenicus musculus 141 Splints and their use 347 Spring the temper thereof 6 Squinancy the differences symptoms c. thereof 210. the cure 211 Stapes one of the bones of the auditory passage 113 133 Staphyloma an effect of the eyes the causes thereof 408 Stars how they work upon the Air 20 Steatoma what 193 Sternon the anatomical administration thereof 97 Sternutamentories their description and use 714 Stinging of Bees Wasps Scorpions c. See Bees Wasps Scorpions c. Sting-ray the symptoms that follow his sting and the cure 516 Stink an inseparable companion of putrefaction 226 Stomach the substance magnitude c. thereof 70. the orifices thereof 71. signs oâ— the wounds thereof 280. the ulcers thereof 337 Stones See Testicles Stone the causes thereof 419. signs of it in the kidnies and bladder 420. prognosticks 421. the prevention
thereof 422. what to be done when the stone falls into the ureter 423. signs it is faln out of the ureter into the bladder 424. what to be done when it is in the neck of the bladder or the passage of the yard ibid. how to cut for the stone in the bladder 427 428. c. how to cure the wound 431. to help the ulcer when the urine flows out by it 433. how to cut women for the stone ibid. divers strange ones mentioned 667 c. Storks their piety 40 Stoves how to be made 721 Strangury the causes c. thereof 438. a virulent one what 472. the causes and differences thereof ibid. prognosticks 473. from what part the matter thereof flows ibid. the general cure 474. the proper cure ibid. why it succeedeth immoderate copulation 591 Strangulation of the mother or womb 628. signs of the approach thereof 629 the causes and cure 630 Strengthening medicines See Corroborating Strumae See Kings-evil Sublimate See Mercury Subclavian See Artery and Vein Subclavius musculus 146 Succarath a Beast of the West Indies 40 Suffusio See Cataract Suggillations See Contusions Summer the temper thereof 6 Supinatores musculi 156 Suppuration the signs thereof 179. caused by natural heat 195 Suppuratives 183 195. an effectual one 305. their differences c. 696. how they differ from emollients ibid. Superfoetation what 617. the reason thereof ibid. Suppositories their difference form and use 704 Suppression of Urine See Urine Surgery what 1. the operation thereof ibid Surgeons what necessary for them 1. their office 2. the choice of such as shall have a care of those sick of the Plague 535 they must be careful in making Reports 742. how long in some cases they must suspend their judgements ibid. they must have a care lest they bring Magistrates into an error 747. how to Report or make Certificates in divers cases ibid. c. Sutures of the scull their number c. 112. want in some ibid. why not to be trepaned 113 201. Sutures in wounds their sorts and manner how to be performed 231 232 Sweating sickness 531 Sweet-bread 75 Sweet waters 724 Swine assist their fellows 44 Symptms their definition and division 28 Sympathy and Antipathy of living creatures 48 Symphysis a kinde of articulation 173 Synarcosis Synarthrosis Synchondrosis Syneurosis 172 173 Synochus putrida its cause and cure 186 T. TAsparia what 193 Tarentulas poysonous bite and cure 33 Tarsus what 127 Tastes what their differences 591 692 their several denominations and natures ibid. 693 Tasteing what 16 Teeth their number division and use 125. wherein they differ from other bones ibid. pain of them how helped 283. their affects 414. how to draw them 415. to cleanse them 417. how to supply their defect 564. to help the pain in breeding them 641 Temporal muscle 131. what ensues the cutting thereof 262 Temperament what the division thereof 4. ad pondus ibid ad justitiam ibid. Of a bone ligament gristle tendon vein artery 5. of ages ibid. of humors 7 Temper of the four seasons of the year 6. native temper how changed 12 Temperatures in particular as of the southern northern c. people ibid. Tensores musculi 163 Tentigo 29 Tertian agues or fevers their causes c. 189. their cure ibid. c. Testicles their substance 83. in women 87. their wounds 281 Testudo what 193 Tettars their kindes and causes 188. their cure ibid. c. 723. occasioned by the Lues venerea 483. their cure ibid. Thanacth a strange beast 683 Thenar musculus 158 169 Thigh the nerves thereof 160. its proper parts 161. and wounds thereof 282 Thigh-bone the appendices and processes thereof 161. the fracture and cure 359. nigh to the joint 361. its dislocation 393 394. See Hip. Things natural 2. not natural 19. why so called ibid. against nature 27 Thorax the chest and parts thereof 94 Thoracea arteria 107 Throat how to get out bones such like things that stick therein 413 Throttle and the parts thereof 136 Throws and their cause 602 Thumus what 109 Tibia 164 Tibiaeus anticus musculus 168. posticus 169 Tinea what 399 Toad his bite and cure 511 Tongue its quantity c. 135. its wounds its cure 172. its impediments and contraction and the cure 417. to supply its defects 566. Tonsillae 220. their inflammations and their cure ibid. Tooth ach the causes signs c. 413 Tophi or knots at the joints in some that have the gout how caused 458. the Lues venerea how helped 478 Torpedo his craft and stupefying force 510 Touching how performed 16 Touca a strange bird 680 Trapezius musculus 147 Transverse muscles of the Epigastrium 68 Triacle how useful in the gout 451. how it dulls the force of simple poysons 502 Trepan when to be applyed 242 their description 260. where to be applied 262 Trepaning why used 258. how performed 259. a caution in performance hereof ibid. Triangulus musculus 146 Triton 669 Transversarius musculus 143 Trusses their form and use 218 Tumors their differences 177. their general causes signs 178. general cure 180. which hardest to be be cured ibid. the four principall ibid. flatulent and watrish their signs and cure 191. of the gums 207. of the almonds of the throat 208. of the navel 216. of the groin and cods ihid of the knees 224 Turtles 40. Tympany See Dropsie V VAlves of the heart their action site c. 102 Varicous bodies 83 Varices what their causes signs and cure 339 Vas breve seu venosum 78 Vasa ejaculatoria 84 Vasti musculi 165 Vein what 66. Gate-vein and its distribution 77. descendent hollow vein and its distribution 80. ascendent â—o low vein and its distribution 103. they are more then arteries 106. those of the eyes 130. which to be opened in the inflammation of the eyes ibid. the cephalick 148. Median ibid. distribution of the subclavian vein ibid. of the axillary 149. of the crural 159 Vena porta 77. cava 80. arteriosa 102. phrenicae coronales azygos intercostalis mammariae 103. cervicalis musculosa ibid. axillaris humeralis jugulaâ—is interna externa 104. recta pubis 148. cephalica humeraria mediana 106. salvatella splenica 149. sapheia vel saphena ischiadica 159. muscula poplitea suralis ischiadica major ibid. Venery its discommodities in wounds of the head 255 Venemous bites and stings how to be cured 503 Venom of a mad dog outwardly applyed causeth madness 505 Ventoses their form and use 442 Ventricle See Stomach Ventricles of the brain 122 Verdegrease its poysonous quality and cure 521 Vertebrae and their processes 138. of the neck 137. of the holy-bonâ— 140. how differ nt from those of the loins 145. Tenth of the back how to the middle of the spine 145. their dislocation 376. See Spine Vertigo its causes and signs 401. the cure ibid. Vessels for distillation 726 c. Vesicatories why better then cauteries in cure of a pestilent bubo 551 whereof made 700. their
the him of this disease Sixthly for that the ulcers which over-spread the body by reason of this disease admit of no cure unless you cause sweats Therefore if the matter of the disease and such ulcers as accompany it were hot and dry it would grow worse and be rather increased by a decoction of Guaicum the roots of China or sarsaparilla Seventhly because oftimes this disease The disease sometimes lies long hid in the body before it shew it self the seed thereof being taken or drawn into the body so lieth hid for the space of a year that it shews no sign thereof which happens not in diseases proceeding from an hot matter which causeth quick and violent motions By this it appeareth that the basis and foundation of the Lues venerea is placed or seated in a phlegmatick humor yet may not deny but that other humors confused therewith may be also in fault and defiled with the like contagion For there are scarce any tumors which proceed from a simple humor and that of one kinde but as in tumors so here the denomination is to be taken from that humor which carryeth the chief sway CHAP. IV. Of the signs of the Lues Venerea WHen the Lues Venerea is lately taken malign ulcers appear in the privities swellings in the groins a virulent strangury runneth oft-times with filthy sanies which proceeds either from the prostatae or the ulcers of the urethra the patient is troubled with pains in his joints head and shoulders and as it were breakings of his arms legs and all his members they are weary without a cause so that neither the foot nor hand can easily perform his duty their mouths are inflamed a swelling troubles their throats which takes away their freedom of speaking and swallowing yea of their very spittle pustles rise over all their bodies but chiefly certain garlands of them engirt their temples and heads the shedding or loss of the hair disgraceth the head and chin and leanness deformeth the rest of the body yet all of these use not to appear in all bodies The most certain signs of the Lues venerea but some of them in some But the most certain signs of this disease are a callous ulcer in the privities hard and ill conditioned and this same is judged to have the same force in a prognostick if after it be cicatrized it retain the same callous hardness the Buboes or swellings in the groins to return back into the body without coming to suppuration or other manifest cause these two signs if they concur in the same patient you may judg or foretel that the Lues venerea is either present or at hand yet this disease happeneth to many without the concourse of these two signs which also bewraieth it self by other manifest signs as ulcers and pustles in the rest of the body rebellious against medicines though powerful and discreetly applyed unless the whole body be anointed with Argentum vivum But when as the disease becometh inveterate many become impotent to venery and the malignity and number of the symptoms encrease their pains remain fixed and stable very hard and knotted tophi grow upon the bones and oft-times they become rotten and foul as also the hands and feet by the corruption of salt phlegm are troubled with chops or clefts and their heads are seized upon by an ophiasis and alopecia whitish tumors with roots deep fastned in arise in sundry parts of the body filled with a matter like the meat of a chesnut or like a tendon if they be opened they degenerate into diverse ulcers as putrid eating and other such Two other causes of the excess of pain in the night according to the nature and condition of the affected bodies But why the pains are more grievous on the night season this may be added to the true reason we rendred in the precedent Chapter first for that the venerous virulency lying as it were asleep is stirred up and enraged by the warmness of the bed and coverings thereof Secondly by reason of the patients thoughts which on the night season are wholly turned and fixed upon the only object of pain CHAP. V. Of Prognosticks The signs of a cureable Lues venerea IF the disease be lately taken associated by a few symptoms as with some small number of pustles and little and wandring pains and the body besides be young and in good case and the constitution of the season be good and favourable as the Spring then the cure is easie and may be happily performed But on the contrary that which is inveterate and enraged by the fellowship of many and malign symptoms as a fixed pain of the head knots and rottenness of the bones ill-natured ulcers in a body very much fallen away and weak and whereof the cure hath been already sundry times undertaken by Empericks but in vain or else by learned Physicians but to whose remedies approved by reason and experience the malignity of the disease and the rebellious virulency hath refused to yield is to be thought incureable especially if to these so many evills The signs of an incureable one this be added that the patient be almost wasted with a consumption and hectique leannesse by reason of the decay of the native moisture Wherefore you must only attempt such by a palliative cure yet be wary here in making your prognostick for many have been accounted in a desperate case who have recovered for by the benefit of God and nature wonders oftimes happen in diseases Young men who are of a rare or lax habit of body are more subject to this disease then such as are of a contrary habit and complexion For as not all who are conversant with such as have the Plague or live in a pestilent air are alike affected so neither all who lie or accompany with such as have the Lues Venerea are alike infected or tainted The pains of such as have this disease How these pains differ from those of the gout are far different from the pains of the Gout For those of the Gout return and torment by certain periods and fits but the other are continual and almost alwaies like themselves Gouty pains possess the joints and in these condense a plaster-like matter into knots but those of the Pox are rather fastned in the midst of the bones and at length dissolve them by rottenness and putrefaction Venerious ulcers which are upon the yard are hard to cure but if being healed they shall remain hard and callous they are signs of the disease lying hid in the body Generally The Lues venerea becomes more gentle then formerly it was the Lues venerea which now reigneth is far more milde and easie to be cured then that which was in former times when as it first began amongst us besides each day it semeth to be milder then other Astrologers think the cause hereof to be this for that the celestial innfluences which first
brought in this disease in success of time by the contrary revolutions of the Stars lose their power and become weak so that it may seem somwhat likely that at length after some few years it may wholly cease no otherwise then the disease termed Mentagra which was very like this in many symptoms and troubled many of the Romans in the reign of Tiberius and the Lichen which in the time of Claudius who succeeded Tiberius vexed not only Italy but all Europe besides Yet Physicians had rather take to themselves the glory of this less rageing disease and to refer it to the many and wholsom means which have been invented used and opposed thereto by the most happy labors of noble wits CHAP. VI. How many and what means there are to oppugn thir disease MAny sorts of remedies have been found out by many to oppugn and overcome this disease Why the decoction of Guaicum is not sufficient to impugn the disease Yet at this day there are only fouâ— which are principally used The first is by a decoction of Guaicum the second by unction the third by emplasters and the fourth by fumigation all of them by Hydrargyrum the first excepted Yet that is not sufficiently strong and powerfull for experience hath taught that the decoction of Guaicum hath not sufficient strength to extinguish the venom of the venerous virulency but only to give it ease for a time for because it heats attenuates provokes sweat and urine wasts the excrementitious humors by drying them it seemeth to cure the disease for that thereupon for some time the pain and all other symptoms seem more remiss but these endeavors are weak and deceitful as whereby that only which is more subtle in the humors in fault is exhausted and dispersed by sweat But Hydrargyrum is a certain higher power contains therein all the power of Guaicum Hydrargyrum is sufficient to overcome the disease yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dries it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humors upwards and downwards by the mouth and stool By which evacuations not only the more subtle but also the more gross and feculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may be bold to assure himself of certain victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guaicum fresh pains knots arise by the reliques of the more gross and viscous humors left in the cavities of the entrails but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guaicum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great log of a duskie color new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acrid and somewhat biteing taste The faculty the bark cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the virulency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the bark the other is a whitish wood which is next to the bark the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish The parts and more duskie part thereof The bark is more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lieth between both is of a mild temper The hot and fiery faculty of the bark Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require less drying Furthermore the bark must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fiery force thereof the humors may be made more fluid and the passages of the body more passable But I would here be understood to mean such bark as is not putrid and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it be shipped by our people the wood lieth in heaps upon the shore in the open air untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottom of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinks of the boards and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much diet When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherefore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellers under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldiness and rottenness Wherefore I do not like to give the decoction either of the bark or wood which is next thereto to sick people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guaicum FIrst you must have your Guaicum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shaveings The proportion of the Guaicum to the water add of fair water eight ten or twelve pints more or less as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seem to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warm especially if it be in Winter that so it may the more easily and throughly enter into the body of the wood and draw into it self the faculties thereof in the space of twenty four hours Why the decoction ought to be performed with a day heat wherein it is macerated then boil it in balneo to avoid empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boiling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but think the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen-pot well glazed over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may run over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish a way Howsoever it be made let it be boiled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient and disease shall seem to require There be some who mix divers simples therewith which have an occult and proper sympathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve instead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others add thereto purgeing medicines Whether in be fit to add purges to a decoction of Guaicum whose judgment I cannot approve of for that I think it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expel the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shews little evacuation by stool For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brook at once For purging draws from the Circumference to the Center but