In a word the Womb is a furious Live-wight in a Live-wight punnishing Poor women with many Sorrows Although Hippocrates hath written and Fernelius confirmd the same that the womb like a Globe does rowle it self in the Cavity of the Belly yet are they rather the Horns of the womb which are receptacles of Seed Spirituous and hot or putrified which being swelled do move themselves this way that way til they have shed their Seed into the Cavity of the Belly which Seed being dispersed brings very cruel pains and stretches the Belly until the force of the Spirits be Evaporated hence comes that same swelling of the Belly and stifling about the Midrif Somtimes malignant Vapors ascending from the Womb by the Veins a T. 7. f. 2. V V X X. â–¡ and Arteries Suffocation unto the Lungs and Kernels of the Throat may cause choaking and stifling and the malignant vapor of the Seed being so pernicious is violently darted into the Brain and al parts of the Body from the VVomb as from a Beast that spits poyson The VVomb is but little when empty but when it is silled with evil Humors it swels above measure and it has been seen to equal the Head of a new-born Child Cancerous Scirrhus which is an incurable Infirmity because it is a Cancerous Scirrhus which is the worse for being tampered with by Medicines Somtimes the Orifice of the Womb being closed and firmly sealed up Water Dropsie flows out of the Belly into the Cavity thereof and coming to a quantity it brings the Dropsie of the Womb. Somtimes evil Humors are collected there and by the force of Nature do afterwards break forth This often happens to Virgins and others from the suppression of their Courses the internal Orifice being stopped as I said before The Womb is watered with a two-fold Humor Seed and Menstrual Blood the Whether seed suppressed hurteth women suppression of both which does many waies afflict Woman-kind and the evacuation thereof does them much good in many respects Howbeit we do not read in Hippocrates any where that the retention of their Seed is hurtful unto Women he writes indeed that the Womb being dry does ascend to the superior parts to receive moisture which Galen laughs at and that it desires to receive the Mans Seed to moisten it self and that therefore marriagable Virgins that are troubled with fits of the Mother should be married and have the carnal society of Men. And therefore he makes the retention or over-great flux of the Courses the only general cause of Womens Diseases and saies that Women cannot be in Health unless they play the Women that is void their Menstrual Blood In case therefore that a What must be observed in letting blood to move the courses Woman or a Virgin have her Courses stopt whether or no may we hope by blood-letting three or four times repeated from the Arm or Foot to draw the blood unto the Womb I remember the Story of a Woman in a Consumption because of the stoppage of her Courses from whom Galen drew blood in a large quantity That we may know to resolve this Question three things are to be noted The Matter the Place and the Expulsive Faculty The Matter is Blood which remains 1 The sufficiency of matter over and above what was necessary to nourish a woman for a months time which was ordained to conceive Child and to nourish it being born wherefore we must consider whether the woman abound with blood so that she has what to spare and void forth for if she want blood by reason of some fore-going disease or because she eats little we are not to expect that she should have her Courses The place through which it ought to flow is the womb with the Hypogastrick 2 Fitness of the place and Spermatick Veins for these Vessels do contain the superfluous blood until the due time appointed for this Purgation and they send it forth either by the Cavity of the womb or by the Spermatick Vessels into the neck thereof But if so be the Womb shal be dry or hard and the Spermatick Vessels and Veins obstructed we cannot hope to procure the Courses to flow by often blood-letting And the Expulsive Faculty is not seated in the Genital Parts which receive this blood 3 Strength of the faculty but depends upon the general strength of Nature which thrusts this superfluous blood out of doors These three things ought therefore to concur that a woman may have her Courses Matter Place and the Expulsive Faculty and Medicaments ought to have a Medicaments other means to accomplish the Cure respect thereunto A Vein is to be opened in the Foot rather than in the Arm Cupping-glasses must be applied without Scarrification to the inner part of the Thighs above the Vessels Convenient Purges must be given with Apozemes that move Urine attenuate and open the mouths of the Veins Pils of Steel Mirrh and Aloes must somtimes be given and Baths made to sit in or a Vaporary must be used somtimes of blood-warm Water alone and somtimes boyled with Hysterical and opening Herbs the steam whereof the Patient must receive into her Womb. Also Fomentations must be applied to the Os Sacrum and the lower part of the Belly and good Diet appointed not heating but attenuating and opening The Action of the Womb is Conception if it be abolished the Patient is barren Symptoms in the Actions hurt Sterilitie Which barrenness depends either upon the distemper of the womb or upon the il shape thereof or the hardness of the inner Orifice or the distortion thereof or from fault of the Stones and Spermatick Vessels in which somwhat is wanting either in point of structure or of matter and if a woman be sickly she cannot make good Seed fitting to cause a Conception til she recover the soundness of her health and til the faults of her womb if not incurable shal be amended But forasmuch as the Womb is ordained not only for Conception but to evacuate Suppression of blood or seed the Superfluicy of Natural Humors in the Body such as are superfluous Seed and Menstrual blood if they be totally or in part suppressed the woman cannot be in Health nor if they flow too much Hence comes the Gonorrhoea Over-great flux thereof simplex simple running of the Reins or the Feminine Flux either of blood or Humoral when only Humors come away which last if it be malignant and the Humor be sharp exulcerating and of evil color it is dangerous and comes somtimes from an outward venemous and contagious cause and therfore women ought discreetly to be questioned touching that matter that they may be brought to acknowledg their Disease and not deceive the Physitian under a pretence that they have the ordinary whites to their own hurt unless they acknowledg themselves faulty or lay it upon their Husbands whom it is better to accuse if they be
the Parts afterwards I wil lay down in a few words what may be gathered from this Sound Constitution for the Knowledg fore knowledg and Cure of a Diseased Constitution And Anatomy handled in this Method wil be the beginning Middle and end of the whol Art of Physick This is a short easie and clear Method Quickly and rightly to learn the Art of Curing which propounds the same visible to the Eyes of such as are wel verst in my Fathers writings or in the Institutions of Sennertus for by this Method I shal unlock display the treasures in Anatomy of Physick But perhaps some Fool that is unskilled wil reprove our Disigne Object that we confound the whol Art of Medicine seing Anatomy is a Part of Physiology distinct from the rest and therefore ought to be taught apart seeing Galen himself in the beginning of his dissection of Muscles reproves the Anatomical Book of Lycus because in his Treatise of Muscles he inserted the Diseases of the Parts If any prattle such things against us they wil quickly hold their peace if they read Gal. Lib. 2 admin Anatom Relateing That Antient Physitians regarded Anatomy so much that in al Hippocrates did in al his Books Many are the Sorts of the Figures both within and without the Body saith Hippocrates in Lib. de vet Med. Which have much different qualifications in the Sick and the Sound all which you must perfectly distinguish one from another that you may rightly know and observe the causes of every one of them According to Aristotle Health and Sickness are the Fundamental And Profitable in Medicine Parts of Medicine Both of them are contained in the Parts and Sickness compared with Health is the better discerned Ad to this That Aristotle Writes that he that would Cure the Eyes must first know the Structure of the Eye Again Hippocrates held that Diseases were distinguished according to the Parts they were inâ—ierent in and the principal Curative indications were taken from the Affect and the Part affected and Remedies both Medicinal and Chyrurgical were Prescribed and administred diversly according to the Parts Afflicted Therefore Galen wrote his Therapeuticks of the composition of Medicines according to the Parts afflicted and Avicenna did wisely when perceving that the Seats of Diseases could not be known without skil in Anatomy Before the Diseases of the particular Parts he set down their Anatomy And if we beleeve Galen in Lib. de Part med The first Matter or Subject of Medicine is the Body as it is the Subject of Health and Sickness Our intent then is by a short and easie Method To deliver in writing and The Intent of the Author demonstrate in dead Bodies of the seats of al Diseases and Symptomes both Internal and External and the particular way of Cure according to the order of Anatomy which is publickly observed A notable peice of Workmanship to learn Physick by by which 't is easie to manifest and bring to light the Errours in the Cures of Diseases and to instruct and inform such as are Studious in Physick by that time they have been hearers and beholders two yeares of two Anatomies in a year with diligent reading of Books and excercize of the knowing of Plants and other Drugs and visiting of the Sick with him that is their teacher Excellently said Johannes Fernelius in the beginning of his Pathology I shal never think any man wel skilled in the knowledg of Diseases unless he have been an Eye witness of the seats of them in the Body of man and know how they are affected against Nature neither can be come to this unless he be skilful and exquisite in Anatomy and whatsoever he reads or hears let him seriously contemplate it in the Body of man and settle the cheif knowledg of things in his mind Chap. 2. Why we begin our Anatomy with the Treatise of Bones THat kind of stile is two-fold which is used in the explication of any thing Gal. Com. ad Part. q. Lib. 1. de fract et Cap. 1. Lib. The Method of teaching double Synops. de Puls The first is called Synopticus when the Matter is briefly laid down The other Diexodicus when it is Copiously unfolded nothing being passed by which is profitable to be declared The former helps the memory the latter cleers the matter to the understanding For which Cause Galen divided his Books into Isagogical and perfect the first being fitted to young beginners the other to proficients as himself testifies Lib. de libris Propriis This is also confirmed by the authority of Hippocrates Lib. de vet Med. Where he adviseth Physitians to teach easie things to young students and such as may be quickly learned ad hereunto That al men desire to learn apace according to Aristor Lib. 2 de Rhetor. Chap. 10. And the Method of breife teaching is alwaies grateful both to young students and to perfect Masters for it teacheth the former what things must be learned and in the latter cals back to their memory what they have learned before and almost forgotten Gal. Lib. 4. de diff puls Wisely and Elegantly did the Emperor Justinian judg That a compendium of the Lawes was first to be propounded to invite Novices to knowledg Then are al things delivered most commodiously when they are first delivered by a plain and simple way and then by an exact and diligent interpretation for if we burden weak though studious minds at beginning with variety and Multiplicity of things we either make them desert their studies or else young Men to great labor and distrust and bring them by a longer way to what might be learned with more speed less labor and no distrust Therefore following the precepts of Galen and Hippocrates I wil describe Why the Author wrote a Synopsis a briefe and cleer Manual of Anatomy following the counsel of Galen who had rather write a Synopsis of his Books of Pulses himself then to leave the business to another who by not understanding his mind and sense should pervert or confound his meaning I begin with the Bones because they are the foundation of al the Parts of the whol Body which is substained Included Preserved and moved by the Why he begins with the Bones Bones which according to Hippocrates give stability and form to the Body Therefore he that is studious in Physick ought to be instructed in the perfect The necessity of writing of the Bones knowledg of the Bones before he come to behold the Anatomy of the whole Body otherwise he wil be ignorant in designing the original and insertion of the Muscles and the sticking of other Parts to certain Conceptacles of the Bones unless he be skilled in the History of Bones at which Anatomy is to begin as Hippocrates taught and after him Galen Chap. 3. The Division of Osteology or the History of the Bones THe History of the Bones is called Osteology of which are two Parts The Parts of Osteology
the beginning of the Sheath The Testicles in a T. 7. f. 2. o o. f. 4 A C. â–¡ Women are otherwise framed than in Men they have no Testicles Epididymis have but one Coat their substance is soft made up of little Bladders wherein is contained a Wheyish substance which is wont to spirt out upon the face of the dissector if he take not heed Such a structure of the Testices in women and such a conformation of their Spermatick Vessels made Aristotle to doubt and others of his followers whether the Female Sex were Prolisick and afforded Seed to the making of the infant as well as the Male as Galen after Hippocrates maintaines they do From the Body of the Testicle the same Spermatick b f. 2. d d. f. 4. b b. â–¡ Vessels preparatory are carryed to the bottom of the c f. 2. R. f. 4. E. f. 3. A. â–¡ womb and to the d f. 2. Q Q. f. 4. D D. â–¡ Hornes or Trumpets of the womb which Vessels are far different from those in Men. These things thus observed let us take a View of the Body of the womb with the Horns of the Womb. Its Ligaments external Parts thereof Out of it there arises in its upper Part the Hornes and four Ligaments two broad and e f. 2. P P. â–¡ Membranous which are productions of the Peritonaeum They are stretched out in Virgins and women that have not bore Children resembling the displaid wings of Bats or Flitter-Mice They hold the womb that it fal not down The other two Ligaments are round somwhat f f. 2. S S. f. 3. and 4. F F. â–¡ longish which arise from the bottome of the womb near the Hornes In their Rise they are hollow and in their progress as far as the Ossa Pubis we find them hollowed When they are come as far as the Clitoris they are cloven and spred forth in the shape of a Goose-foot through al the fore part of the Thigh I was the first that made discovery of that same Cavity and of the formerly unknown use of these Ligaments According to the Opinion of the Ancient and latter Anatomists they keep the womb from ascending upwards but without these Ligaments the womb cannot ascend unless it should pluck away the Sheath and the Privities which are contiuations of the body of the womb The Horn a T. 7. f. 2. Q Q. f. 4. D D. â–¡ of the womb being fistulous or hollowish is observed in the lower Part thereof to be torne and jagged as if the Rats had gnaw'd it it conteins within it a certain hard and round texture which resembles the substance of the Jaculatory Vessels in Men and white Seed is there preserved and found Having observed these things you shal proceed to the body of the womb The Wombs Substance Coat the Substance whereof is fleshy and Syungy and as thick as a mans Finger It is Cloathed with a Membranous Coat whether it be proper or received from the Peritonaeum The womb is of an hot and moist Complexion it is Scituated in the lower b T. 7. f. 1. d. â–¡ Part Temper Scituation of the Belly beneath the Navel just in the middle betwen the c T. 7. f. 1. e. â–¡ Intestinum Rectum or Arse-Gut and the d T. 7. f. 1. e â–¡ Piss-Bladder In Virgins until they have their Courses it is little and hard after they have had Greatness their Courses it grows softer in women which have had Children it is greater and thicker It is shaped like a smal Gourd a Pear or a Cupping-Glass Shape Number It is one in number and no more yet somtimes divided into two Cavities by a Partition in the middle which is the Cause that some women bring sorth two or three Children at a Birth The Cavity of the e T. 7. f 3. B B. â–¡ Womb in Virgins and in those which have never conceived Cavity is so smal as to contain only a pease or a very little bean In such as have born Children it is larger The Action of the womb is conception or attracting the Seed and reducing the Action same into Act by causing the same to ferment and proceed to formation And although this be that for which the Womb was ordained yet it is by accident the Sluce or Outlet of Superfluous Humors in the Body which do either continually flow unto this place as in the Whites or at certain seasons as the Menstruous Blood which being more than the woman needs for her Nourishment is ordained to nourish the Child in the womb and when it is born it drops out of the Dugs in the form of Milk The Medicinal Consideration By out knowledg of the Natural Constitution of the Genital Parts of women Disorders of the. we come more certainly to understand their departure from the said natural Constitution by several sorts of Infirmities The Spermatick Vessels are liable to obstructions whereby the usual Flux of Spermatick Vessels Stones Humors is stopped which is very hurtful to women They swel together with the Stones and become as big as a mans Fist by a collection of Humors resembling Tallow or suet This is known by a swelling in the bottom of the Belly at the sides The Trumpet or Horn of the Womb is widened and moved by Seed which being Trumpet there corrupted seekes its passage out But wonderful it is that the mans Seed should come thither and that as Histories report a Child should be conceived there 'T is very strang that a Child should be formed out of the Cavity of the womb and it favours the Opinion of Paracelsus and Amatus Lusitanus that a Child may be made in a Glass of a Mans Seed and menstrual blood placed in Horses Dung unless both of them the one being an Athiest the other a Jew were known to be Impostors The womb is the Root Seed plot and foundation of very near al womens Diseases Womb it self being either bred in the womb or occasioned thereby It it be troubled with an hot distemper and inflamed it causes intollerable burnings Distemper the Feaver Synochos and the burning Feaver very troublesome Itchings and finally it brings exulcerations the Cancer and Gangraena If it be stung with servent Lust it becomes enraged causes Uterine fury and Madness wil not let the Patients rest but invites them to shake and agitate their Loins that they may be disburthened of their Seed and at last they become shameles and ask men to lie with them Somtime it is drawn out of its place towards the sides and is carryed this way and Motion depraved that way as far as the Ligaments and Connexions of the Womb wil give leave and it wil rise directly to the Liver Stomach and Midrif that it may be moistened and fanned it Causes Choaking and Stranglings and raises terrible and violent motions and Convulsions in the Body
2. D D. â–¡ Navel it breaths a little its Heart h T. 9. f. 3. B. T. 11. f. ♃ â–¡ moves and exercises its vital Faculty it feels and is moved and has been heard also to cry At last when it finds it self perfect whether in the seventh or in the ninth The Natural Birth month which is the ordinary time for a Child to be born being impatient to be any longer there imprisoned it breaks its bands and prison doors and seeking to come out makes its own way with the Head i T. 8. f. 1 D. â–¡ foremost and such an Egress is termed a Natural and right fashion'd Birth Before that Nature begins to work she moistens the waies before the Birth with a What precedes the same Clammy and gluish Humor The internal Orifice of the womb and the whol Sheath which in the last months do by little and little grow thick are moistened with the same clammy glutinous Humor that they may easily be enlarged to such a widness as shal be necessary for the going out of the Infant That the Child be rightly born it ought to come out with its Head first and its Face towards the Mothers Breech the Membranes being first broken and the water run out After the Child the Secondine or After-birth must come forth viz. What follows the Placenta Carnea or Womb-Liver whol and untorn VVhen the Child is come forth the Navel is tied a T. 9. f. 2. P. â–¡ a Thumbs breadth from the Skin and after it is tied it is cut of leaving only another Thumbs breadth The Infant being wiped and clensed with its Head gently pressed together and closed is delivered unto the Nurse The Midwife takes care of the Mother who is careful of her privy parts being pained and to recover her languishing strength If the Birth prove hard and painful a Feaver is raised and the privy Parts are swelled by laboring and endeavoring in vain to bring forth the Child Somtimes Helps to further hard labor her strength falls her and other whiles Convulsions do arise Then is blood drawn from the Arm and the Foor and the Genital Parts are fomented with Emollient and laxative Fomentations and are anointed within with opening Oyls and fresh Butter The Patient is put into a bath of luke-warm water and sharp Clysters are given to provoke the womb to excretion and the inferior parts are provoked by Aperitive and provoking Potions to open themselves Finally when all wil not do and the woman has passed over two or three daies in these Torments if she appear like to die and ready to faint away if tokens of a Gangrene in the Privities do appear although we are not sure that the Infant is dead it is drawn out with an Hook that the Mothers life may be saved it is better that Drawing the Infant out by an Hook one die than two and the life of the Mother is to be preferred before the life of the Child The Mother ought not to die to save the Child and therefore the Caesarean Section ripping the Child out of the Mothers Belly ought not to be practised 'T was elegantly said by Tertullian in his Book de Anima cap. 25. Necessaria crudelitate trucidatur Infans maâ—ricida ni moriturus that is It is a necessary kind of Cruelty to kill that Child which otherwise would kill its own Mother VVhen the Infant has broke prison and escaped if the Placenta or After-birth do not follow the Midwife must thrust her hand into the Cavity of the womb and pul it â—way gently lest the bottom of the womb be drawn down If in a woman dead presently after her Delivery you view the privy Parts you shal observe the Caruncles obliterated and defaced the Nymphes much diminished so that only some Rudiments of them are to be seen and the inmost Orifice so wide that it wil receive a mans four fingers bended together The widening of those Parts to let out the Infant and the straitening of them again Admirable power of Nature Child-bed Purgations what they are a while after is an admirable work of Nature The widness and thickness of the womb are diminished by little and little by the coming away of the Loches or Child-bed Purgations which is nothing but that blood squeezed out which had been shut up between the Spongy sides of the womb But if the largeness of the womb be not diminished nor the blood evacuated it putreâ—ies and causes an Inflamation and the womb continues stretched and bard as is the Child were yet within it and at length a Gangrene arises which brings unavoidable death after it But if the whol Placenta be not drawn forth it is no necessary cause of Death and the place from whence it was pulled by force for a while appears rough and uneven til the whol womb be dried and reduced unto its natural Figure al which ought diligently to be observed especially in Child-bed women that are sick The largeness and hardness of the Body of the womb continuing with a Feaver is Child-bed Purgations retained how to be evacuated a very dangerous and doubtful Disease and a great Question it is towards the Cure whether we should open a Vein in the Arm or in the Foot Fernelius confidently lets blood in the Arm Pereda a Spaniard tels us That we should not regard from whence the blood comes but into what part it is collected and bids us open the Vein which is next that part Cortesius in his Miscellanies has sifted this Question and favors the Opinion of Fernelius howbeit more profitable it is and more secure to take blood out of the Foot liberally respect being had to the Patients strength not neglecting cooling Clysters Epithems Fomentations and Pessaries made to provoke the womb to cast forth that putrified and death-causing blood and the rather to avoid the Calumny and prating of il-tongu'd Gossips by whom Remedies are defamed which have been the means to save many peoples lives The Infant has no Diseases proper to it self saving Teeth-breeding Smal Pox Diseases proper to Infants and Meazles Hippocrates under the name of Tooth-breeding comprehends al Childrens Diseases because chiefly when they breed their Teeth Infants are so sick that many times they are taken away by death Many Diseases are raised by the pain of the Childrens Tooth-breeding There Teeth-sickness are two times in which the Tooth-sickness does vex and endanger the lives of Children viz. When the Teeth first sprout and when they break out of the Gums The Meazles and smal Pox are new Diseases unknown to the Antient Physitians Meazles Smal pox which are thought to be contracted and bred in the Mothers womb by the Mothers corrupt and Menstrual blood the fault whereof Nature is wont to purge out and scum away by those Eruptions I say no more lest I should seem to go beyond the bounds of an Anatomical Discourse Neither is it my Design to
Inflamation and fluxion And if the Inflamation be very great so that it hinders the coming together of the Eye-Lids and spoiles their Evenness so that the white of the Eye becomes higher than the Iris and Pupilla it is called Chemosis as much as to say Chemosis Hyposphagma Hiatus Hyposphagma is a collection of Blood under the Adnata Tunica or an effusion of blood out of the Capillary Veins into the Adnata proceeding from a blow or bruise There is a Disease of Number in the Tunica Adnata called Pterygium Pterygium and it is a certain Membranons Eminency reaching from the greater corner of the Eye to the Pupilla or a certain hard knob of the Adnata it self both springing from a moist distemper Joyned with a clammy Humor Phlyctena Phlyctena is a pustle or smal Tumor of the Adnata or the neighboring Cornea proceeding from a thick and sharp Tumor so that it terminates in an Ulcer Botrion Epicauma And if it be hollow it is called Botrion or Fossula if it be become crusty t is named Epicauma After the Ulcer follows a Scar which is the Hardness and thickness of a Spermatick Part springing from a wound or Ulcer Diseases of the Cornea Tunica The Ulcers and Scars of the Cornea Tunica have a great resemblance with the Cheloma Diseases of the Adnata in regard of neighborhood yet are they distinguished because the Ulcers and Scars in the black of the Eye that is in the transparent Part of the Cornea belong only to the Cornea such as is the Cheloma which is a broad Ulcer of the Cornea about the Iris. Argemon is a round Whitish Ulcer of the Cornea towards the Circle of the Argemon Iris. Scars in the Black of the Eye or in the Transparent Part of the Cornea do differ Albugo in the degrees of more or less The greater Scar of the Cornea about the Iris or Pupilla because of its whiteness is called Leucoma and Albugo if it be smal it is termed Nephelion or Nebula the Cloud if the Scar be thin it s called Nebula Caligo Achlys Caligo a Mist or Darkness Diseases of the Uvea Tunica The rupture and Exulceration of the Cornea is attended by a Disease of the Proptosis Vvea in Scituation which is called Proptosis Procidentia when the Vvea sticks out above the Cornea If the Extuberance of the Vvea be smal it s called Myocephalon or the Flie-Head Myocephalon Staphyloma Melon Clavus because it resembles the Head of a Flie if it be great t is termed Staphyloma because it resembles a Grap-Stone or Melon as being like an Apple If their be an inveterate Ulcer of the Cornea through which the Vvea fals out it s called Elos Clavus the Nail The Ulcers of the Cornea and Adnata if they be Malignant are termed Carcinomata Diseases of the Pupilla The hole of the Vvea is termed Pupilla the Apple of the Eye Between the Pupilla and Cornea there is a space ful of Spirit and Watry Humor There is a double Disease of that space Zinifisis springing from a dry distemper Zinifisis which consumes the Watry Humor and Dissipates the Spirit or from a wound which lets out the Watry Humor and suffers the Spirit to vanish and reek away The other Disease of the space is an Obstruction from a corrupted Flegmatick or purulent Humor If it proceed of a purulent Humor or Quittor it is called Hypopium Suffusio Hypopium if the Obstruction be caused by Flegm it s termed Hypochyma Suffusio But Hypopium followes an Inflamation and Hypochyma is caused for the most Part by a Congestion or Concretion of a thick Humor if the Disease be proper or primary and do not arise by consent from the Stomath sending Vapors up into the Eye Fernelius saw a thick and perfect Suffusion bred in one daies time for if a thick Humor suddenly falling into the Optick Nerve do blind a man in a moment why may not the same Humor falling lower into the Pupilla breed a sudden and perfect Suffusion The narrowness of the Pupilla springs either from the first formation in the Corrugatio Womb or from a dry distemper and then it is called Phthisis or Corrugatio Galen writes that a smal Pupilla from from ones Birth is occasion of a very sharp sight but when it happnes a whil after t is bad In his first Book of the Causes of Symptomes Chap. 2. The Dilatation of the Pupilla is called Mydriasis or Platu-Corie It springs Mydriasis from a moist distemper or from a Rupture or by breach of Continuity caused by a blow Diseases of the Chrystallin and Glassie Humor Diseases of the Vitreous and Chrystallin Humors are either a distemper simple Distemper or with Humors conjoyned or such as happen in the consistence of the said Humors viz. Thickness and hardness The distemper of the Humors and Coats of the Eye if it happen without a Tumor or an Ulcer is commonly attributed to the weakness of the Faculty and the quality and quantity of the spirits being misaffected but neither of these is a Disease they are rather effects of a Disease for what is the weakness of a faculty other than Actio laesa the action hurt Thickness of the Spirits is caused by a cold and moist distemperature either proper Thinness of the Spirits Their Paucity to the Eye or by consent with the brain or some inferior Parts Paucity of Spirits comes from a dry distemper either of the Eye or the brain the Cause and fomenter of which distemper may be a Cholerick Humor not purged out of the body being the cause and Effect of a distempered Liver The thickness and hardness of the Chrystallip Humor is properly termed Glaucosis Glaucoma or Glaucoma because the color thereof resembles that of an Owles Eyes it proceeds from a cold and dry distemper and is therefore familiar to aged Persons The Disease of the Chrystalline Humor in respect of its Scituation has no name but if it be somwhat higher and flatter than ordinary it produces a Symptome whereby all things appear double The watry Humor may run out by a prick in the Eye but it is bred again in Running out of the watry Humor Thickness of the Visive spirit Children as Galen saw by experience and as we may observe in Chickens The Visive or seeing Spirit implanted in the Eye may become thick and surround the Chrystalline Humor with darkness and obscurity as the implanted Hearing-Spirit of the Ear being rendred thick does cause deafness or thickness of Hearing Diseases of the Optick Nerve The Optick Nerve may be troubled with any kind of distemper and with solution Obstruction of continuity but the proper and usual Disease thereof is Obstruction which is known by a sudden blindness the other Parts of the Eye being al sound which made the Neotericks cal this Disease Gutta Serena and
elsewhere It is a most hard peice of Service to find out and demonstrate the internal structure of the Ear. In the Skuls of i T. 8. f. 5. 6 7 8. â–¡ Infants and in a Calves-Head it is more easily observed by lifting up with a Pen-Knifes Edge that same portion of k T. 20. f. 10. B B. â–¡ Os Petrosum which within the Scul reaches unto the Basis of the Brain In the Concha you shal observe on the left side an Hole which passes into the winding Cavity of the Apophysis Mastoides or Teat-like Production The Auditory l T. 8. f. 1. F F. f. 3. R R. T. 20. f. 12. A A. B B. â–¡ Nerve being m f. 10. A A. â–¡ drawn through the n f. 7. D D. f. 9. A. f. 11. B D. â–¡ Cochlea when it is come to The Nerve the Concha it slips through an hole or o f. 8. A. B B. â–¡ Channel which opens on the right side of the Concha into the Pallate by the Process which is termed Apophysis Pterygoidea And this is the natural structure of the internal Ear for the finding out whereof we are obliged to Fallopius after Carpus who discovered those little bones the the Hammer and the Anvil The third namely the Stirrup Philippus Ingrassias brags to have himself first observed In living-Creatures there is an inbred and implanted Air in the Cavities of the Implanted Air Ears as there is a visive Spirit in the Eye shut up within the Cornea Tunica The Medicinal Consideration The Gristle of the external Ear if troubled with Pustles or Pushes is confused Diseases of the â—ar Swels is inflamed and exulcerated By cold it contracts Sphacelation is contracted and djes do what a Man can and it s somtimes cut of both in sick and in sound Persons Whence the Greek phrazes Coloâ—oma and Acrotiriasmenoi for persons that are Crop-Eard The greatness of the external Eare though it be ill favourd cannot be helped Parotis what it is The Swelling and Inflamation of the Kernels which are beside the Ears is termed Parotis which in regard or the narrowness of the place and nearness to the brain is not very safe happening upon an acute feaver though it have the name of Dioscouros or Castor and Pollux because of its good token for such it gives when it is critical proceeding from the strength of Nature and attended with light somness of the Patient following the same In Children and young People a Parotis does many times break forth void of danger caused by the over great moisture of their brains In the hollow behind the Ear according to the advice of Fernelius a Caustick must be applied in Diseases of the Ears and of the Eyes The first Auditory passage of the Ear because t is fleshy is obstructed by a Tumor Of the Auditory passage by a Caruncle or bit of Flesh growing up or by quittor Issuing out or by Fiâ—â—h or somwhat from without It is inflamed and impostumated and Exulcerated either of it self or by means of some eating Medicine poured into the Ear or by a Cholerick Humor wherefore Hippocrates saies that when Deaf persons fal into Cholerick Loosnesses their deafness is lessened or taken away and when their loosness is stopped their deafness returnes This passage is terminated inwardly by the Drum which either of it self and primarily or secondarily and by accident through consent of the Bowels but especially through fault of the Head is troubled with a very painful and dangerous Inflamation which draws the brain into Sympathy The internal Cavities because they have no Periostium are not pained unless Of the inner Cavities Of the Drum the Auditory Nerve be affected whose ofspring makes the Drum from its inflamation proceeds an Impostum and from that an Ulcer which tears asunder the Drum It is broken not only by an Ulcer but also by a blow and a vehement sound whence it is that those who dwel by the Fals of the River Nilus are al deafe by reason of Lovd roaring and Headlong fal of the flowing Water Also the loosness and over great moisture of the Drum is to be considered because it may Cause Deafness The proper Symptomes of the Ear are those which belong to the hurts of hearing Symptoms of the Action burt Deafness and the Irregularity of Excrements The heaâ—ing is hurt in a threefold Manner When it is abolished it is called Surditaâ— Deafness which if it come from the Womb and is born with the Patient it is incurable if it come by accident it may be curable Hearing diminished is called Barucoia thickness of hearing Thickness of Hearing Noise in the Ears Their Cause Hearing depraved consists in a noise and ringings or buzzings in the Ear t is called Paracousis The Causes of Deafness and Thickness of Hearing are the same save that they differ in Intension and Remission and therefore the foresaid Diseases of the Auditory passage and of the Drum may cause these Symptomes Paracousis or Noise in the Ears springs from a distemper of the drum being more moist or more dry than is fitting which as it causes a more exquisite sence than ordinary so also does it cause a ringing in the Ear as being affected with the very lightest motion of the internal implanted or external Air of while the spirits do continually flow into the Ears which cannot be conteined in so close a Room of some Spirit may stir it self within the Dug-like Cavity Several sounds are imagined in the Ears according to the various motion and mode of the flatulent Spirit which causes the same So that if it be thick whisperings are heard and Hummings if thin Hissings and when it moves by fits and starts it presents a tinkling as it were of bells Somtimes noises are imagined without any fault of the internal Eare by consent of the Head whiles the internal and external Arteries being hotter than ordinary do beat more violently than they are wont to do and do make a great sound in the Ears if the Patient do lie upon one of them The differences and Causes of this seeming Noise in the Ears are neatly expressed by Fernelius in his Pathologia In natural Deafness springing from mis-formation in the Womb and not from Their Cnâ—â— any of the Causes aforesaid whether may we experiment that which fel out unexpectedly wel to a certain Deafe man who thrusting an Ear-Picker very far into his Ear rent the Drum and Break asunder the smal bones and afterwards attained hearing Whether in a ringing of the Ear may the teat like Process be perforated to let out the Spirits which make a tumult in that Cavity Whether does the thickness of the Tympanum hinder Transpiration so that the flatulent Spirits cannot break out whether or no wil it avail to rub the extremity of the Auditory Channel behind the Grinding-Teeth with Mustard of some other opening Liquor The Irregulary of Excrements in the Ear is not only
or Pomatum if they be hard and thick Pani are scarrs in the Face Pani Mentagra Mentagra an Impetigo or Dry-Scab of the Chin which troubled the Gentlemen of Rome in Plinnies time where it was a Popular Disease is a Malignant Scab which remaines many years and is hardly curable and to alters the Skin of the Chin and Lips that a Man continues Beard-les al his Life long The Action of the Skin of the Face being hurt is termed Cynicus Spasmus The Cynicus spasmus Dog-like Convulsion or torture of the Mouth expressing the snarling of a Dog for it is a depraved motion of the Muscles of the Face belonging to a Palâ—e or Convulsion It is be Paralytick the Retraction is made in the sound Part because of the dissolution of the opposite Parts If it be convulsive the Part affected is drawn back Those Nerves which are affected in this Symptome do arise from the spinal Marrow between the second and third Vertebra of the Neck Galen attributed this depraved motion of the Mouth to the Muscle termed Latissimus Besides the Cynicus Spasmus there is another Convulsion very ordinary of the upper Lip towards the Eye by the disorder of that same Nerve of the third pair described above which being cut a sunder below the Socket of the Eye the said Convulsion is healed The particular medicining of the Face besides the universal is twofold the one called Commotice painting and plastering with Fucuses c. The other Cosmetice Painting Beautifying beautyfing and adorning without any thing laid on the latter Galen allowes to take away the ill favouredness of Women but the former he disallows in a Physitian and leaves it to panders bawds and Whores The Use of those Fucuses unless skilfully mannaged does quickly wrinkle the Skin such as are the Spanish White and Purpurissus or Lovly-Red The Diseases of the Lips are very many distempers Inflamation Swelling Ulcers The use of the Lips and others consisting in evil conformation al which pervert the use and action of the Lips which serve to shut the Mouth form the speech and for the easie reception of meat and drink to contein the Tongue within the Mouth to cast forth the Spittle out of the Mouth for Trumpeters to make a strong blast for Infants to Suck with and both in Men and Women to express their mutual Affection by Kissing Diseases of the Lips and to beautifie their Faces and therefore if a Mans Lips were cut of he would appear very deformed just like a snarling Dog Such as have great Lips and sticking out are called Labeones such as are born In their Shape with imperfect or cloven Lips are said to have an Hares Lip this defect is amended by Surgery If the Lips be loose and hanging it proceeds from a Palsie He that has the insides of his Lips turned outwards is termed Brochus and he that has swelling Lips is called Cheilo Those are by Arnobius termed Mentones whose Chins stick out The Chops of the Lips are called Rhagades Somtimes Tumors and little bladders Chops Tumors break out upon the Lips especially in Feavers when Nature drives the virulent Humor out of the Veins and Arteries into the Lips which Avicen saies is a good sign that the Feaver wil quickly cease and experience does many times confirms the same Yet somtimes Tumors and Ulcers in the Lips are in Diseases signes of Vlcers Death as in the two Brothers Hermoptolemus and Andreas in Hippocrates Bad Color of the Lips in Diseases is no good sign in such as are wel it argues a Bad Color fault in the Lungs or in the blood ` Moles and Warts black and blew and Scirrhous sticking upon the Lips are Moles and Warts c. things to be warily handled and not to be tampered with by way of Incision Somtimes the Lips do naturally Swel especially the lower Lip when the Jaw is drawn out and then the lower Teeth before are higher than the upper and include them The principal hurt of the action of the Lips is depraved Speech But this Symptome wants a Name Symptomes The depraved trembling motion of the Lips happens by consent of the Stomach Trembling distempered by reason of a Membrane common to the Lips and Stomach Whence it is that those who are ready to vomit have a trembling in their nether Lip which trembling is called Seismos The opening of the Mouth is hurt when the Jaw is become stif and immovable Shutting its shutting is hurt when the Jaw is Palsied as in Feavers by reason of the Heat of the bowels and Lungs and difficulty of breathing Much spawling and want of Spittle do belong to the Diseases of the Mouth Frequent spitting though they have other remote Causes for Spittle is necessary for chewing of meat for speech and Tasting but immoderate Spittle is hurtful and the voidance thereof is accounted filthy and undecent Touching the Cure of Lips cut of Taliacotius has written Chap. 6. Of the Nose THe Nose the Instrument of Smelling and of clensing the brain is placed in the The Noses Scituation middest of the Face dividing the Eyes and Face into two even Parts The length and breadth thereof is uncomly if it exceed a Mans Thumb in length and thickness Magnitude The Figure of a Mans Nose contributes much to his healthy living for an high Shape Nose is better than a flat Nose and wide Nostrils are to be preferred before narrow ones It is divided into two a T. 15. f. 2. â–¡ Cavities which are called Nostrils severed by a partition Cavities and reaching as high as the Colander-bone The Depth and Widness of the Nose are greater within than they appear outwardly for that same space which lies between the two tables or boards of the Palate and Os Sphenoides divided into two Cavities by the Os Vomeris reaching to the Partition of the Nostrils belongs unto the Nose That space is filled up with Spungy Bones which are portions of the Colander-bone Spungy Bones Spungy Caruncles And those Spungy bones are filled with Spungy bits of Flesh which drink up the Flegm which flows from the Head that Snevil might not be alwaies dropping out of the Nose These bones and Caruncles or Spungy bits of flesh do likewise serve to Filtrate and strain the Air which the Mouth being shut is drawn in at the Nostrils that it may be imparted pure unto the Lungs and brain The Nose therefore is compounded of bones Gristles Membranes and Muscles Bones It consists of b T. 15. f. 3. K. â–¡ Two Bones which stick outwards and fashion the same Five Gristies Gristles are dependant upon those bones two being lateral placed by turnes and movable through the help of Muscles They are termed Pinnae and Alae Nasi the Wings and Pinnacles of the Nose There is a Gristle placed between them which is called Septum the partition and it depends upon