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A58319 The urinal of physick By Robert Record Doctor of physick. Whereunto is added an ingenious treatise concerning physicians, apothecaries, and chyrurgians, set forth by a Dr. in Queen Elizabeths dayes. With a translation of Papius Ahalsossa concerning apothecaries confecting their medicines; worthy perusing and following. Record, Robert, 1510?-1558.; Pape, Joseph, 1558-1622. Tractatus de medicamentorum praeparationibus. English. aut 1651 (1651) Wing R651; ESTC R221564 102,856 271

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for you must understand all these ages with perfect health The diversity of Vrines according to the times of the yeer Even as the diversity of ages alters urine so doth the times of the yeer For the more that the spring time draws toward heat the more the urine gathereth high colour Spring departing from pale and flaxen toward pale and light saffron and the inequality of substance changeth into a due equality according to nature and the ground doth waxe thinner and the quantity is more in respect to that is drunk so that about the midst of the spring they return to a mean In the beginning of Summer the colour appeareth pale and light saffron Summer and the substance mean the ground white duly knit and stable but yet thinner then a mean ground And the more that the Summer proceedeth and draweth to the highest the lesser is the quantity of urine in comparison to the drink and the ground changeth from his naturall whiteness to a palish colour and is much lesser and thinner And this thinnesse glystereth withall and inclineth toward golden and saffron colour When Harvest commeth Harvest then the colours do return to a mean again but the thinness and brightness remaineth still the ground also is still obscure and little but yet it is white duely knit and stable And as Harvest goeth forward so the urine returneth to a mean in all things In the middle of winter and thereabout the urine keepeth due quantitie but the colour inclineth toward white and the ground is over great but in all other points it is mean And as Winter goeth on Winter the substance of urine appeareth divers and the colour white the quantity greater in respect to the drink and the contents greater and unconcoct but toward the spring time they return towards a mean as I have before said Yet beside these also diversity of countries causeth diversity of urine even by the same reasons as doth the times of the yeer Countries alter urine For countries that be temperate exactly make urine like unto the spring time And those countries that be hot and dry make urine like unto summer And contrariwise cold and moist alter water as doth winter But countries that are drie and distempered between heat and cold make urine like harvest Meats drinks and medicines Also meats and drinks and order of dier causeth urine to alter and medicines also as not only experience teacheth but also Hippocrates witnesseth in the sixt Book of his Epidemies or raining sicknesses in the fift part and the fifteenth sentence as for example Meats of light concoction Those meats that are light of concoction and good in substance cause good and temperate urine with pure contents but contrary meats cause discoloured urine and thin with strange contents Meats of hard concoction Meats that will not concoct make lesser contents and divers in substance Evill cause greater contents and in nothing duely formed And as the quality of meats doth alter urine so doth the quantity also For if a man have eaten much and not concocted it his urine shall be thin and white and sometime without ground But if this crudity or rawness in stomack continue long the urine will become divers in substance Drinking of wine and in contents Also wine drunk abundantly causeth alteration in urine But now contrariwise if a man doe fast long Fasting long his urine will appear fiery and saffron coloured and thin with lesser ground But if a man suffer famine and do not nourish Suffering of famine his water shall be thin and white with a certain glistering and without ground Moreover exercise and rest changeth urine Labour for through excessive labour the urine changeth from light saffron and at length becommeth saffron coloured with little ground thin and higher coloured then it should be And some time there fleereth on the top a certain fattness specially after overmuch wearinesse But idleness and rest doth contrariwise cause white urine Rest with greater and grosser ground Furthermore sleep Sleep Watching and watching if they exceed measure they alter urine but there is a difference between both sleepe and watching comming of sickness and them both when they be taken willingly in health For if that sickness cause overmuch sleep then is the urine whitish with substance either fully thick or but partly thin and the contents many and undigest Naturall sleep But if that such sleep come naturally the urine is not so white but rather flaxen and the substance mean with greater and well concoct contents Voluntary sleep And likewise they that have watched purposedly and not by reason of sickness their urine is bur little changed But if they watch for any sickly cause Watch in sickness their urine will change but little at the beginning but with continuance the contents will be dispersed and at the last clean wasted and the substance of the urine waxeth thinner and thinner by little and little and the colour inclineth either to white and watery or unto golden saffron oylie or black according as the cause is that maketh it so to change Of alteration by complexion I will write in the next Chapter Now have you heard as touching alteration of urine in health according to diversity of ages both in men and women times of the yeer countries meats and drinks labour rest sleep and watch so that you must have regard to these in all judgements both in health and in sicknesse For if these be not diligently marked they may cause great error as you may well consider What is to be considered in urine First therefore in every urine you must consider whether it be a mans or a womans and what age he or shee is of then what time of the yeer it is and what country what meats and drinks the person used and likewise of labour and rest sleep and watch And then must you consider how every one of these doth alter urine so that if the altering of them from that healthfull urine whereof I spake in the beginning of this Chapter be but such as one of those foresaid things would cause then may it not be judged to come of any disease as for example High coloured water in summer so that it pass not saffron colour or white coloured water in winter should rather be reckoned to come of the time of the yeer then of any sickness and likewise of other things CH AP. VII What be the generall qualities that alter the parts of Vrine BEfore I treat of the signification of the parts of Urine I think it good to instruct you of the generall qualities which cause all alterations in urine whereby you shall perceive not only what every urine doth betoken as I shall anon set forth but also if you mark well this Chapter you shall see the cause why every urine doth so signifie You shall understand therefore that there be four
the grief of the stone it declareth that the grief shall be turned into the strangurie Thick and green Thick urine and green namely in Agues is a token of the yellow Jawnders either present or ready to come Thick and ash coloured Thick urine and ash coloured if it appear in Agues and do not settle it is a sign of madnesse But in the burning Ague it betokeneth that the strangurie will come shortly Thick and black But if a black colour appear in thick urine it betokeneth sometime well as in the end of the Fever Quarten and of melancholike madness for it betokeneth that the melancholike matter which caused the diseases doth avoid out But sometimes it is an evill token for it signifieth that either the blood is burned through exceeding heat or else that naturall heat is clean quenched through deadly cold and therefore is commonly called a deadly sign namely in sharp Agues if it have an evill savour And so meaneth Galen when he saith that he marked The thicker that a black water is the worse it is and moreover That he never saw any escape which made such Vrine And thus have you heard of the significations of thin and thick urine with such colours as may be coupled therewith Now will I write a littler of the colours alone and of such tokens as come chiefly of them rather then of the substance or any other part of the urine Colours of urine The colours of urine declare commonly how heat and cold do reign in the body so that the white the urine is the greater is the cold and natural heat lesse and the higher coloured that the urine is the greater is the heat But to speak particularly White that you may perceive it the better If the urine be white it is a sign that concoction faileth quite and the lighter coloured the worse Pale colour in better somewhat Pale though it also declare lack of natural heat and strength And flaxen colour Flaxen though it betokeneth beginning of concoction yet it is not perfect howbeit it may be well taken if all other signs be good Pale light saffron Pale and light saffron as you have heard before are the best colours and most temperate which betoken exact concoction Golden saffron But golden and saffron colour declare excess of heat Claret red Crimson Purple Green oily Claret is next and then red after it crimson and then purple then green and last of them is oily urine which as they goe in order so they declare greater and greater heat with increase not only of the qualitie but also of the matter containing the same Blew ash-colour But now of the other side blew urine and ash colour are tokens of excessive cold sometime with matter and sometime without and so like wise of black urine howbeit it cometh sometime of excess of heat But how you may know the differences both of it and all the other now will I shew in order with the rest of their significations White urine White if it come in great quantity in a whole man it betokeneth much drinking of thin wine But if it be mean in quantity with a due ground it declareth cold distemperance of the liver The urine doth appear white with a dis-form and unconcocted ground in them that have the dropsie But in old men white urine is no great evill sign as you may perceive by that I said before of Ages how they alter urine But in yong men and such as are of freshest age it is a worse sign and specially if it have either no contents or else evill contents And if urine continue long time white without changing it betokeneth painfull beating of the head daselling of the eies and giddiness and also the falling evill lothsomness of good meats and lusting sometime after evill meats greedie hunger pain in limbs and painfull moving of the sinewes and divers griefes of the head and reines and also pain in the fundament and great weakness by sickness for all these doe follow continually lack of concoction either cold or stopping of the urines and conduct or transposing of the humours But the differences of these cannot easily bee known of every man yet such as are learned may gather certain distinctions of them by the accidents which follow diseases Milk white horn white gray Dark white colours as milk white white white like horn and grey If they appear in the beginning of Agues and in the increase of them they doe betoken much pain But in the decrease of Agues they declare especially if it come plentifully Pale flaxen Pale urine and flaxen do not lightly appear in Agues except they be easie Agues and short as those which continue but one day but if that it do follow after burning Agues it declareth that they be fully dissolved Pale saffron As for pale and light saffron they are as I said before the best and most perfect colours namely in young men and fresh youth But in old men women and children whose urine as I have said declineth toward white and pale it doth betoken that their bodie is too hot either by reason of their diet or else of their exercise But in as much as it is but mean excesse it declareth but small grief Golden and saffron coloured urine if it be either somewhat thin Golden saffron colour or very thick either it hath no ground or else very few and dark contents But in this they differ that golden urine declareth excess of heat and matter also by reason of meats sharp medicines chafing of the bloud through anger heat of the bowels or else heat of the time of the yeer But saffron colour appeareth rather with default of matter through some affection of the mind watching heat of the sun labour and such like things which increase thin and yellow choller and diminish naturall heat so that the cause of this colour is choler it self increased either in quantity or else in qualitie But in old men and women and such other there is some greater cause that occasioneth it for it signifieth an Ague cometh of saffronly choler dispersed through the whole body after which there followeth commonly giddiness headach bitterness of the mouth lothsomeness of meat thirstiness Also in yong men such urine is caused through much exercise and use of hot meats Of Claret and red Vrine Claret urine CLaret and red urine is coloured either of the mixture of red choler or else of the corruption of bloud such urine oftentimes great before Agues For when the blood doth so abound that it cannot be duly laboured nor can take no ayre there is engendred a certain corruption which as it is red of colour it self so it causeth the urine to be red in colour if it be much else it maketh only claret colour But if it be exact red lik grain it betokeneth that bloud issueth into it out of some veins