in his Image Male and Female created hee them And he called their name ADAM yet after this is mention of Adams solitarinesse and forming of Eue out of his side that is cutting the female part from the Male and so fitting them to generation Thus doth Leo Hebraus reconcile the Fable of Platoes Androgynus with Moses narration out of which he thinketh it borrowed For as hee telleth that Iupiter in the first forming of mankinde made them such Androgyni with two bodies of two sexes ioyned in the brest diuided for their pride the nauill still remaining as a skarre of the wound then made so with little difference is this their interpretation of Moses §. III. Of the Iewesses Conception and Trauell and of Lilith WHen a Iewish woman is great with Childe and neare her time her chamber is furnished with necessaries and then some holy and deuout man if any such may bee had with Chalke maketh a circular line round in the chamber vpon all the walls and writeth on the doore and within and without on euery wall and about the bed in Hebrew Letters Adam Chaua Chuts Lilith or after the Iewish pronuntiation Lilis that is Adam Eue away hence Lilis Hereby they signifie their desire that if a woman shall bee deliuered of a sonne GOD may one day giue him a wife like to Eue and not a shrew like Lilis This word Lilis is read in the Prophet interpreted a Skritch-Owle but the Iewes seeme to meane by it a diuellish Spectrum in womans shape that vseth to slay or carry away Children which are on the eight day to be Circumcised Elias Leuita writeth that hee hath read that a hundred and twentie yeeres Adam contained himselfe from his wife Eue and in that space there came to him Diuels which conceiued of him whence were ingendred Diuels and Spirits Fairies and Goblins and there were foure mothers or dammes of Diuels Lilith Naemah Ogereth and Machalath Thus is it read in Ben Sira when GOD had made Adam and saw it was not good for him to bee alone hee made him a woman of the earth like vnto him and called her Lilis These disagreed for superioritie not suffering Caesarue priorem Pompeiusue parem Lilis made of the same mould would not be vnderling and Adam would not endure her his equall Lilis seeing no hope of agreement vttered that sacred word IEHOVA with the Cabalisticall interpretation thereof and presently did flie into the Ayre Adam playning his case GOD sent three Angels after her viz. Senoi Sensenoi Sanmangeleph either to bring her backe or to denounce vnto her That a hundred of her Children should dye in a day These ouertooke her ouer the troublesome Sea where one day the Aegyptians should bee drowned and did their message to her shee refusing to obey they threatned her drowning but she besought them to let her alone because shee was created to vexe and kill children on the eight day if they were men if women children on the twentieth day They neuerthelesse forcing her to goe Lilis sware to them That whensoeuer she should finde the name or figure of those Angels written or painted on Schedule Parchment or any thing shee would doe Infants no harme and that she would not refuse that punishment to lose a hundred children in a day And accordingly a hundred of her children or young Diuels dyed in a day And for this cause doe they write these names on a Scroll of Parchment and hang them on their Infants neckes Thus farre Ben Sira In their Chambers alwayes is found such a scroll or painting and the names of the Angels of Health this office they ascribe to them are written ouer the chamber doore In their Booke Brandspiegel Printed at Cracouia 1597. is shewed the authoritie of this Historie collected by their Wise-men out of those words Male and Female created hee them compared with the forming of Eue of a Rib in the next Chapter saying That Lilis the former was diuorced from Adam for her pride which shee conceiued because she was made of earth as well as hee and GOD gaue him another Flesh of his flesh And concerning her R. Moses tels that Samael the Diuell came riding vpon a Serpent which was as bigge as a Camell and cast water vpon her and deceiued her When this Iewesse is in trauell shee must not send for a Christian Mid-wife except no Iewish can bee gotten and then the Iewish women must be very thick about her for feare of negligence or iniurie And if she be happily deliuered of a sonne there is exceeding ioy through all the house and the father presently makes festiuall prouision against the Circumcision on the eight day In the meane time ten persons are inuited neither more nor fewer which are all past thirteene yeeres of age The night after her deliuerie seuen of the inuited parties and some others sometimes meet at the Child-house and make there great cheere and sport all night Dicing Drinking Fabling so to solace the Mother that shee should not grieue too much for the childs Circumcision §. IIII. Of the Iewish manner of Circumcision THe Circumciser is called Mohel who must bee a Iew and a Man and well exercised in that facultie and hee that will performe this office at the beginning giueth money to some poore Iew to be admitted hereunto in his children that after his better experience hee may be vsed of the richer And this Mohel may thence-forwards bee knowne by his thumbes on which he weareth the nayles long and sharpe and narrow-pointed The circumcising Instruments is of stone glasse yron or any matter that will cut commonly sharpe kniues like Rasors amongst the rich Iewes closed in siluer and set with stones Before the Infant be Circumcised he must be washed and wrapped in clouts that in the time of the Circumcision hee may lie cleane for otherwise they might vse no prayers ouer him And if in the time of Circumcision for paine he defileth himselfe the Mohels must suspend his praying till he be washed laid cleane again This is performed commonly in the morning while the child is fasting to preuent much fluxe of bloud In the morning therefore of the eight day all things are made readie First are two seates placed or one so framed that two may sit in the same apart adorned costly with Carpets and that either in the Synagogue or some priuate Parlour If it bee in the Synagogue then the seat is placed neere the holy Arke or Chest where the Booke of the Law is kept Then comes the suretie or God-father for the child and placeth himselfe at the said seat and neere him the Mohel or Circumciser Other Iewes follow them one of which cryeth with a loud voyce That they should bring presently whatsoeuer is needfull for this businesse Then come other Children whereof one bringeth a great Torch in which are lighted twelue waxe Candles to represent the twelue Tribes of Israel after him two
the barke like hard beame six or seuen yards high with ragged boughs with the leafe like that of the Bay-tree white on the bottome greene on the other side It beareth nor flower nor fruit situate in the dectiuitie of a Hill withered in the day dropping in the night a cloud hanging thereon yeelding water sufficient for the whole Iland which he saith if report deceiued him not Sir Edward Skory heard of many fewer 8000 soules and aboue 100000 beasts It fals into a Pond made of Bricke floored thicke with stone by pipes of lead conuayed from the tree thither and thence diuided into diuers Ponds thorow the Iland fetched vp hill by barrels The Pond holds 20000 tunnes and is filled in a night Thus he related to me Hierro and Gomera and Lancarato are in the hands of priuate men Madera standeth in two and thirty degrees it is the greatest of all the Atlantike Iles. It was discouered by one Matham an English man who arriued there by tempest Anno. 1344 together with a Woman whom he there buried and on her Tombe did write his comming and the cause thereof with his and her names and was occasion to the King of Spaine to discouer that and the Canaries It was called Madera of the wildernesses of Trees there growing Heere is a Citie called Fouchal The I le containeth in compasse a hundred and forty miles The woods which gaue name to the Iland were fiered and burnt so furiously that the people for a time were forced to go some space into the Sea from the violent heat which caused such fatnesse to the soyle that at first it yeelded threescore fold since halfe so much The excellent Wines were of Vines first brought from Candie They bring foorth more grapes saith he than leaues and Clusters of two three and foure spans long At first the Pigeons suffered themselues to be taken not knowing and therefore not fearing a man Forty miles from the I le of Madera is the I le of Puerto or Porto Santo called of all Saints day in which it was first discouered Anno 1428. It was taken by Sir Amias Preston 1596. Heere are such store of Conies bred of one shee-Cony brought hither great with yong that the Ilanders were out of hope almost to withstand and amend their damages by them sustained A little Iland neere to this breedeth nothing else And now we can accompany our Portugals no further But before I left these Ilands I thought fit to feast you with some obseruations of an eye-witnesse elegant spectator and learned Gentleman Sir Edmund Scory §. III. Extracts taken out of the Obseruations of the Right Worshipfull Sir Edmund Scory Knight of the Pike of Tenariffe and other rarities which hee obserued there TEneriffe is the pleasantest of the Canary Ilands This Iland hath beene called Niuaria by reason of the Snow which like a Collar enuironeth the necke of the Pike of Teyda The name of Tenariffe was imposed by the inhabitants of the Palme Iland for Tener in the Palmesian language signifies Snow and Iffe an Hill It is situate in the Atlanticke Ocean fourescore leagues from the Coast of Affricke It is in forme triangular extending it selfe into three Capes and stands within eight and twenty degrees of the equinoctiall The great mountaine of Teyda commonly called the Pike of Tenariffe is a Mountaine which begets I know not whether a greater attention when you come to it or when you behold from a farre off but in both very great The Base of it beginneth at the Port-towne of Gara-chico from whence it is two dayes iourney and a halfe to the top of it The point of which though it seeme as sharpe as a Sugar-loafe which figure of all other it doth most resemble yet is there a flat of an acre in breadth on the top of it in the midst of that flat a gulph out of which great stones are with like noise fire and smoke many times cast forth Seuen leagues off this way may bee trauelled vpon Asses or Mules the rest on foot and with great difficultie All the Countries lying about the ascent of the Hill for ten miles vpwards are ouer-growne or rather adorned with the goodliest trees in the world of diuers sorts by reason of the multitude of Springs which intermingling one with another and with the addition of the violent winter Raines descend in huge torrents downe into the Sea In the midst of this hill is the cold intolerable in the top the heat and so likewise in the bottome Through all the cold Region you must cast your iourny to trauel on the South side and in the day time through all the hot Region which is within two leagues of the top on the North side and in the night time Euery man carrieth his owne portion of victuals and Borrachocs of Wine Your time of approach to the top must bee about Midsommer for the auoiding of the torrents caused by the snowes and about two of the clocke in the morning and so you may abide there vntill sun-rising but no longer The Sun being exalted aboue the Horizon of the Ocean seemeth far lesse then when you are on the lower ground and seemes to whirle it selfe about in manner of a Gyre The streame that commeth out of the East a little before his rising can be compared to nothing more properly then to the breath of an hot Ouen and so commeth on his course through an vnclouded Heauen being of a pure blue Christalline colour without the least spot in it When you are on the top of this Hill all the Iland lyeth subiected like a plaine and leuell plot of ground vnder you although there are in this Iland not so few as twenty thousand sharpe deformed and vneuen Rockes and all the edges of that plaine ground seemeth to bee lifted or fringed with Snow which indeed is nothing else but the white Cloudes which are many furlongs below you Neere the top of this Mountayne it neuer reigneth neyther was there euer any wind stirring thereupon The same is reported of the Hill Olympus All the vpper part of this Mountayne is afflicted with barrennesse wanting the generatiue benefit of the lower and middle Regions of the Aire for no manner of tree shrub or leafe beautifieth the head thereof but it resteth disgraced with an vnseemely baldnesse out of which towards the South side doe the veines of Brimstone issue downe into the necke thereof where the Region of Snow is among which the Brimstone is interueined in diuers places In the Summer time the fires doe ofter breake forth from out the hole in the top of this Hill into which if you throwe a great stone it soundeth as if a great weight had falne vpon infinite store of hollow Brasse The Spaniards merrily cal it the Deuils Caldron wherein the whole prouision of Hell is boyled But the naturals the Guanches themselues do say that it
the fire made men beleeue that they which would not cause their children to passe through the fire should lose them and easily perswaded them thereunto as a thing easie saith the Rabine for they did not burne them although herein both diuine and humane testimonies make me beleeue the contrarie From hence saith hee descended the customes obserued by women in holding and mouing their children ouer the fire or smoke They had their diuersities of Processions and when they hallowed a tree to an Image one part of the fruit thereof was offered and the other eaten in the house of the Idoll the like they did with the first fruits of euery tree making men beleeue that otherwise the tree would become vnprofitable They had their magicall enchantments in the planting or grafting of trees with obseruations of the starres incenses words but this most Diabolicall that in the houre when one kinde was to be ingrafted into another the science which was to bee ingrafted should bee holden in the hand of some beautifull woman and that some man should then carnally but vnnaturally haue knowledge of her the woman in that instant putting the science into the tree They vsed also to make circles when they planted or sowed and went about the same some fiue times because of the fiue planets some seuen in regard of the Sunne and Moone added to that number For this cause the Iew not vnprobably thinketh that mixtures in garments seedes and the like were forbidden by the Law of Moses with other rites any way resembling these They further worshipped Deuils beleeuing that they appeared to men in the formes of Goates and therefore called their Deuils Kids and held it vnlawfull to sheare or to eate their kids but especially they abhorred the killing of Kine but performed much worship to them as they also doe in India to this day They sacrificed Lyons Beares and wilde Beasts as is mentioned in the Booke Zeuzit They held bloud in much abomination accounting it a great pollution and yet did eat it because they said it was the food of Deuils and they which did eat it should haue communion with them and that they would come to such and reueale vnto them things to come Some whose nicer stomackes could not indure to eate it receiued the same when they killed a beast in a Vessell or in a ditch and did eate the flesh of that Sacrifice being placed about that bloud thinking that the Deuils did eate the bloud and that thus by this as it were eating at the same table was entertained betwixt them and the Deuils mutuall familiaritie and societie They beleeued also that in their sleepes the Deuils came and reuealed secrets vnto them Concerning a menstruous woman their custome was that shee should sit alone in a house and that the places where shee set her feet should be burned whosoeuer talked with her was vncleane yea if he but stood in the wind of her the wind from her did pollute him Likewise these Zabians thought whatsoeuer went from their bodies was vncleane as nailes haire bloud and therefore Barbers and Surgeons were holden polluted and after cutting off their haire vsed much washing for expiation But it needeth some expiation that I insist so long in these narrations and haue need of some Barber or Surgeon to ease me of superfluities if that can be superfluous which fitteth so to our proiect and in the iudgement of the learnedst of the Iewish Rabbines in many ages seemed the cause of so many prohibitions in Moses his Law lest they should conforme themselues in religious obseruances to these superstitious Zabians But let vs now returne to Diodorus who affirmeth that the Chaldaeans numbred fortie three thousand yeeres vntill the comming of Alexander since first they had begunne their obseruations of the Starres These yeeres Xenophon de aequiuocis interpreteth of moneths for so sayth he the Chaldaeans reckoned their antiquities in other things they kept their computation according to the Sunne But of their fabulous antiquities wee haue heard before where wee haue also touched that one beginning of Idolatrie did arise of this curious and superstitious Starre-gazing especially in the Countries of Aegypt where not at all vsually and in Chaldaea where diuers moneths together they haue neither raines nor cloudes Strabo diuideth the Chaldaeans into sects Orcheni Borsippeni and others diuersly opinionate of the same things Borsippa was a Citie sacred to Diana and Apollo Plinie addeth the Hippareni Daniel reckoneth vp foure kind of Wise-men among the Chaldaeans the first are called Chartummim which were Enchanters Ashaphim Astrologers Mecashpim Sorcerers or Iuglers deluders of sense and Chasdim Chaldaeans which howsoeuer it were a generall name of that Nation yet was it appropriated vnto a certaine sect and profession of learning among them which seemed to excell the rest and were their Priests Philosophers and Mathematicians as you haue heard In the seuen and twentieth verse of the same chapter are mentioned also Cachimim Wisards which by coniectures and casting of lots did ghesse of things to come and Gazrin of the word gazar to cut these opened and diuined by the entrals of sacrifices The vanitie of their diuinations appeareth in that Prophet howsoeuer they haue beene renowned therefore among the Heathens as in the foretelling of Alexanders death and before that when Darius had changed his Scaberd into the Greeke fashion the ruine of that Empire by the Greeks When Faustina the Empresse wife to M. Antonius had fallen in loue with a Fencer or sword-player and being sicke confessed the same to her husband the Chaldaeans were sent for who gaue counsell to kill the Fencer and that shee should wash her selfe in his bloud and then accompanie with her Husband which was done and Commodus begotten who in qualities resembled that Fencer vpon this occasion as the people reported though others esteemed him a Bastard Plutarch sheweth how vainely the Romans depended on their predictions Thus Iuvenal reproues them Chaldaeis sed maior erit fiducia quicquid Dixerit Astrologus credent à fonte relatum Ammonis Ioues Oracles no greater credit haue Then sooth-saying of Chaldaee coozening knaue Many Edicts were after made against them Otho Heurnius laboureth to bring the Grecian Philosophie from the Chaldaeans yea Aristotle himselfe as hee had receiued the the Persian and Indian Philosophie by tradition of Pythagoras and Democritus and the Aegyptian and Iewish learning from Plato so was hee instructed sayth hee in the Babylonian sciences by Callisthenes But Caelius Rhodiginus and Iosephus Scaliger thinke them rather corrupters of learning whereof they had no solid knowledge and that the Greekes attained thereunto by their owne industrie without borrowing of the Chaldaeans Peucer deemeth them too Philosophicall the peruerters of Religion into Theoricall speculations of Nature and confuteth their fiue kinds of prognosticating But their estimation could not haue beene such in Daniels time if they had not beene
Sadduces was diminished if not worne out after the destruction of the Temple till in the yeere 4523. or after Scaliger 4515. and Anno Dom. 755. one Anan and Saul his son renued that Doctrine because he had not receiued his expected promotion to the degree of Gaon He wrote bookes against the other Iewes The like did one Carçasnai But of these Sadduces too much §. V. Of the Hessees OF the Essees Essens or Hessees followeth in the next place Their name Scaliger deriueth of a word which signifieth Rest or quietnesse and silence both which well agreed to their institution He disproueth that opinion of Eusebius and others that therein followed him which thought these Iewish Heretikes were Christian Monkes and Catholikes Such Catholikes let Baronius and Bellarmine boast of as the Authors of their Monkes for so they would haue them which you may beleeue as well as before the Floud Enosh and after Elias Iohn Baptist the Nazarites and Rechabites were Monkish Votaries as the Cardinall would haue you As for these Essees hee makes no small adoe against the Centuries g for vnderstanding Philo of Iewish and not of Christian Monkes But the loue to Monkery hath dazeled the eyes of men too much and euen their Historie which followeth will conuince that opinion of falsehood Besides Christianity should haue small credit of such associates Indeed the later Monkes are much like them in superstition and idolatrie though farre behind in other things But he that will see this Argument disputed let him reade Scaliger his Confutation of Serarius the Iesuite He sheweth also that the Ossens Sampsaeans Messalians and diuers heresies amongst the Christians sprang from these Essees That the Egyptian Essees of which Philo speaketh out of whom Eusebius first collected that conceit and that Philo himselfe had no skill in the Hebrew but knew onely the Greeke tongue that Paulus the Eremite in Thebais was the first Author of Monasticall liuing But now to come to our Historie of these men These Essees Hessees or Essens are placed by Plinie on the West of dead Sea a people solitarie and in the whole world most admirable without women without money a Nation eternall in which none is borne the wearinesse of others fortunes being the cause of their fruitfull multiplyings Philo in that booke which he intituled that all good men are free saith that there were of them aboue foure thousand called Essaei quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Holy not sacrificing other creatures but their mindes vnto God Some of them are Husband-men some Artificers for necessitie not for abundance they make no weapons of war nor meddle with Merchandize They haue no seruants but are all both free and mutually seruants to each other They liue perpetually chaste sweare not at all nor lye esteeming God the giuer of all good and Author of no euill Their societie is such that one garment one house one foode one treasurie one getting one spending one life is in common to them all carefully prouiding for their sick and holding the elder men in place of parents Iosephus who himselfe liued among them doth more largely describe them He reporteth that they were by Nation Iewes auoiding pleasures and riches as sinnes accounting continence and contentednesse great vertues They marrie not but instruct the children of others respecting them as their kindred in their manners not denying the lawfulnesse of marriage but the honestie of women He which becommeth one of their fraternitie must make his goods common Oyle and neatnesse they shunne yet weare alwaies a white garment They haue officers for their common prouision They haue no one certaine Citie but in each many of them haue their houses to strangers of their owne Sect they communicate their goods and acquaintance and therefore carry nothing with them in their iourneyes but weapons for feare of theeues and in euery Citie haue of the same Colledge an especiall Officer which prouideth for strangers The children vnder tuition of Masters are alike prouided for nor doe they change their rayment till the old be worne They neither buy nor sell but mutually communicate Deuout they are in the seruice of God For before the Sunne riseth they speake of no prophane or worldly matter but celebrate certaine Prayers as praying him to rise Then by their Officers are each appointed to their workes till the fifth houre at which time they assemble together and being girded with linnen garments wash themselues with cold water Then doe they goe into their dining-roome as into a Temple where no man of another Sect may be admitted and there staying with silence the Pantler sets them bread in order and the Cooke one vessell of broth The Priest giueth thankes as after dinner also Then laying aside those their holy garments they plie their worke till the Euening and then suppe in like manner There is neuer crying or tumult they speake in order and obserue euen without the house a venerable silence In other things they are subiect to their ouerseer but at their owne choice may helpe and shew mercy to others To their kindred they cannot giue without licence What they say is certaine but an Oath they hate no lesse then periurie They studie the writings of the Ancient thence collecting such things as may benefite the manners of the minde or health of the bodie They which are studious of their Sect must a yeeres space endure tryall and then after that probation of their continencie must bee probationers yet two yeeres longer and then vpon allowance of their manners are assumed into their fellowship making first deepe protestation of Religion towards God and iustice towards men to keepe faith to all but especially to Princes and if they shall come to rule ouer others not to abuse their power not to exceede others in habit not to steale not to keepe any thing secret from them of their owne Sect or cummunicate it to another although vpon perill of life not to deuise new doctrines to keepe the bookes of their owne opinions and the names of the Angels Offenders they put from their fellowship and hee which is thus excommunicate may not receiue foode offered of any other but eating grasse and hearbs is consumed with famine except they in compassion receiue him againe in extremitie They giue no sentence of iudgement being fewer then an hundred If ten sit together one speakes not without consent of the rest They may not spit in the midst or on the right hand They will not so much as purge Nature on the Sabbath and on other daies do it very closely for offending the Diuine light and couer it with an instrument in the Earth and that in the most secret places and are washed after They are of foure rankes according to the time of their profession and the yonger sort of these are so farre inferiour to the rest that if one of these do touch them hee washeth himselfe
bee shaue their heads on the Friday and very religiously cut their nayles beginning with the fourth finger of the left hand and next with the second then with the fifth thence to the third and last to the thumbe still leaping ouer one in the right hand they begin with the second finger and after proceed to the fourth and so forth These parings if they treade vnderfoot it is a great sinne but hee which burieth them is a iust man or which burneth them Now must they also whet their kniues and put on their Sabbath-holy-day-rayment to salute Malchah the Queene so they terme the Sabbath The Clarke goeth about and giueth warning of the Sabbath and when the Sunne is now ready to set the women light their Sabbath-Lampes in their dining roomes and stretching out their hands toward it say ouer a blessing If they cannot see the Sunne they take warning by the Hennes flying to roost The cause why the women now and at other feasts light the Lampes is Magistrally determined by the Rabbins because Eue caused her husband to sinne yea with a cudgell belaboured him and compelled him to eate which they gather out of his words The Woman gaue mee of the tree to wit a sound rib-rosting and I did eate Now after they had eaten the sunne which before shined as it shall doe in the other life diminished his light and for dimming that light shee lightens this And for three causes you shall beleeue their Talmud women dye in trauell for forgetting their dough wherewith to make Cakes with Oyle Exod. 25. for neglecting their termes and not lighting the Sabbath-Lampes which their Cabalists gather out of three letters of the name of Eue or Chauah These lights are two or more according to condition of the roome They begin their Sabbath thus soone and end it also later then the iust time in commiseration of the Purgatory-soules which begin and end with them this Sabbaths-rest being the whole weeke besides tormented in that fire Iudas himselfe in honour of the Christian Sabbath from Saturday Eeuen-song obtained like priuiledge witnesse Saint Brandon in the Legend can you refuse him who found him cooling himselfe in the Sea sitting vpon a stone which hee had sometime remoued out of a place where it was needlesse into the high-way So meritorious euen in Iudas is any the least good worke There did Iudas acquaint Brandon with this Sunday-refreshing of the hellish prisoners and desired his holy company to scarre away the diuels when they should after Sunday Eeuen-song come to fetch him againe which for that time Brandon granted and performed The Iewes will not quite emptie any place of water that on the Sabbath these fierie soules may finde where to coole them Two Angels attend them home from the Synagogue one good and the other euill which if they finde all things well that is Iewishly prepared for the Sabbaths honor the good Angell saith It shall be so the next Sabbath and the euill Angell will he nill he answereth Amen If otherwise the good Angell is forced to say Amen to the euill Angels denunciation of the contrary They feast it with much ceremonie pronouncing their blessing on the wine with looking on the Lampe to repaire that fiftieth part of their eye-sight which they say in the weeke time ordinarily is wasted they couer the bread meane-while that it should not see the shame thereof in that the Wine is blessed for the Sabbaths vse before it This good cheare on the Sabbath is of such consequence that for this cause in their Talmud is reported that a Butcher in Cyprus which still reserued his best meates for the Sabbath grew by Diuine reward so rich that his Table and all his Table-furniture were of gold You may receiue with like credite the Legend of Ioseph following who buying continually the best Fish to honour the Sabbath with it found in the belly of one of these Sabbath-fishes a Hat-band of Pearles worth no lesse then a Kingdome The Table remaineth spred till the next night The Lampes must not bee put out nor the light thereof applyed to the killing of fleas to reading or writing c. The good man must honour that night with more kindnesse to his wife then on other nights therefore eate they Leekes before Therefore also they marry on the Sabbath and the children then conceiued must needes be wise and fortunate If a Iew trauell and on Friday Eeuening be further from his home then a Sabbaths-dayes-iourney he must there abide be it in the midst of a Wood or Wildernes till the Sabbath be past They sleepe longer on the Sabbath morning so with their greater pleasure to honour it They then vse more prayers in their Synagogues and reade seuen Lectures of the Law They now also reade the Prophets They stay here till noone and no longer lest by longer fasting and praying they should breake the Propheticall commandement Thou shalt call my Sabbath a delight After dinner also they reade in their Law for on a time the Sabbath and the Law put vp their complaints to God for want of a companion and learner and the Israelites were giuen as a companion to the Sabbath and on the Sabbath a learner of the Law But for all this they talke not more busily all the weeke through of Vsurie buying and selling then on the Sabbath and haue their trickes to deceiue God Almighty Their Eeuen-song they haue soone done that they might returne and while the day yet lasteth make an end of their third banquet by which they are secured against Hell and against Gog and Magog They conclude it with blessings and singings till it bee late to prolong the returne of the soules into Hell for presently after they haue ended there is proclamation through hell to recall them to their dungeons In these Songs they call vpon Elias to come so iustly are they deluded who scoffingly imputed vnto Christ the calling of Elias But their Elias being busie as he sometime said of Ahabs Baal and not comming then they request him to come the next Sabbath But he it seemeth is loth to leaue his place vnder the Tree of life in Paradise where he standeth say they enrolling their good workes in the keeping of the Sabbath When this their deuotion is done the women in haste run to draw water because the Fountaine of Mirriam Num. 20. flowing into the Sea of Tiberias doth from thence emptie it selfe in the end of the Sabbath into all Fountaines and is very medicinable After this doe the Iewes make a diuision betweene the Sabbath and the new weeke The Householder lighteth a great Candle called The Candle of Distinction at whose light he vieweth his walls blesseth a cup of Wine and a little siluer boxe full of sweet spices powreth a little of the Wine on the ground and applieth the boxe to euery ones nose to smell to thus to remedie the stinke which is caused at the
the Persians losse and with lightnings to shew that indignation against the Turkes which in their thundering Dialect they aloud vttered there grew such horror to their mindes from aboue and such sicknesse to their bodies from those putrified carkasses beneath that Mustapha was forced to remoue missing forty thousand of his first Musters After hee had fortified the Armenian Castle of Teflis his Armie being driuen to shifts for lacke of victuals ten thousand of his forragers were slaine by the Persians who were recompenced with like slaughter by Mustapha that came vpon them whiles they were busie about the spoyle and spoyled the spoylers In passing ouer the Riuer Canac he lost fourescore thousand Turkes which the Riuer seemed to take for Custome as it had many of the Persians in the late conflict whereof his violent current was a greedy and cruell exactor Mustapha erected a Fortresse in Ere 's and tooke Sumachia chiefe Citie of Siruan Derbent offering her selfe to the Turke and then returning into Natolia But Emir Hamse Mirise the Persian Prince recouered after his departure both Ere 's and Sumachia slew and captiued the Tartars thirtie thousand of whom were newly come to the Turkes ayde He rased Sumachia euen with the ground The next yeere Mustapha fortified Chars in three and twentie dayes wherein they were hindered with Snowes on the fiue and twentieth of August although it standeth in fortie foure Degrees Anno 1580. Sinan Bassa was chosen Generall for the Persian Warre who as hee departed from Teflis lost seuen thousand of his people besides such as the Georgians and Persians together with the spoyle carried away This was earnest the rest was but sportfull shewes of warre in trayning his Souldiers after which he returned In 1583. Ferat Bassa was sent Generall but little was done till Osman Bassa a new Generall 1585. tooke Tauris the ancient Ecbatana as Minadoi is of opinion But the Persian Prince carried with indignation reuenged this losse on the Turkes with his owne hands slaying Caraemit Bassa Generall in the place of Osman then sicke and gaue his head as opima spolia to one of his followers and afterwards at Sancazan slew twentie thousand Turks Osman dyed of sicknesse and the Persian Prince the Morning-starre of that Easterne State was soone after murthered In that dismall yeere 1588. Ferat tooke Genge fifteene thousand houses seuen Temples and fiue and twentie great Innes were burned in Constantinople the tumultuous Ianizaries not suffering the fire to be quenched An Impost was leuied of the subiects to satisfie the pay due to the Souldiers for the Persian warre which raised these stirres Yea the Priests disswaded the people from those new payments and perswaded them to maintaine their ancient Liberties shut vp their Meschits intermitted their Orisons and the great Turke was forced to call in his Mandates and deliuer the Authors of that counsell wherof the Beglerbeg of Grecia was one to the Ianizaries furie who made Tennis-balls of their heads In the 1592. Wihitz chiefe Citie of Croatia was yeelded to the Turke The next yeere Siseg was besieged but relieued by the Christians who slew eighteene thousand Turkes and tooke their Tents yet was it soone after taken by the renewed forces of the Turkes Sinan tooke Vesprinium in Hungarie and Palotta but their losse was farre greater then their gaines which continuing and a broyle of the Ianizaries added thereto brought Amurath into malancholy and sicknesse whereof he dyed the eighteenth of Ianuarie 1595. Transyluania Valachia and Moldauia hauing before reuolted from him to Sigismund who was entitled their Prince This Amurath in a letter to Queene Elizabeth entituleth himselfe By the Mercie of God free from all sinne with all height of Grace made possessor of great blessednesse aboue the 72. Lawes of the world §. III. Of MAHOMET the Third MAHOMET his sonne succeeded who inuiting his nineteene brethren to a Feast sent them to learne his fathers death in the other world accompanied thither with ten of Amuraths women from whom issue was feared which with drowning them he preuented Much adoe he had with his Ianizaries at home much losse in his Dominions abroad for which cause he sent for Ferat Bassa out of Hungarie and strangled him and sent Sinan his emulous corriuall in his roome whom the Transyluanian Prince ouerthrew in battell and after chased him ouer a Bridge which he made a mile in length for his Armie to passe ouer Danubius with great losse of his people His Bridge the fire and water diuided betwixt them and the conceit of this ill successe as was thought procured his death soone after In the yeere 1597. Mahomet in his owne person enterprised these warres and not farre from Agria on the sixteenth of October fought a cruell battell with the Christians wherein had not Couetousnesse rightly called the root of all euill hindered had beene atchieued the most glorious victorie against those Barbarians that euer Christendome was blessed with Mahomet himselfe for feare seeing his Ordnance an hundred fourescore and tenne great Peeces taken and his men slaine in multitudes fled with Ibrahim Bassa towards Agria shedding teares by the way which he wiped off his bloudie face with a piece of greene silke supposed to be a piece of Mahomets garment carried with him as a holy Relique But whiles the Christians were now halfe Conquerours by greedie turning to the spoile their victorie was wholly lost and twentie thousand of them slaine who had slaine threescore thousand Turkes Mr. Barton the English Embassador was present in the fight and Mr. Thomas Glouer also who in a large iournall of this Expedition testifieth that the great Turk was in great feare but being animated by some about him he tooke his bow and arrowes and slew three Christians therewith Those former reports hee mentioneth not Not long after the Bassa of Buda was taken and the Bassa of Bosna with some thousands of Turkes slaine Anno 1599. Yet did not all his losses in the West by the Christians vexe the Great Sultan so much as a rebellion raised in the East which many yeeres continued Cusabin Bassa of Caramania rose in armes against his Master and hauing now done great matters his Souldiers before false to their Prince became now also false to him hee flying was after taken and tortured to death His rebellion out-liued him and was maintained by one called the Scriuano who ouerthrew Mehemet Bassa in the field and the second time in the yeere 1601. ouerthrew him with his Armie of fiftie thousand and foraged all the Countrey almost as far as Aleppo proclaiming himselfe the defender of the Mahumetan faith and soon after gaue the Bassa a third ouerthrow The Turkes Embassadour sent into Persia to demand the Sophies sonne in hostage for the assurance of the peace betweene those two Monarchs was for his proud message put to the Bastinado and grieuously threatned sent backe to the Grand Signior The Scriuano's proceedings was much furthered by the dissentions betweene
therefore the fugitiue Stone The Cyzican Towers yeelded a seuen fold Eccho The Mysians for their great deuotion were called smoke-climers a fit name for all superstitious They had in honour the Nymph Brythia vnder colour of religion the Parians cousened the Lampsacens of a great part of their territory Of this City was Priapus aforesaid a man monstrous in lusts admirable in his plentifull issue hated of the men howsoeuer of the women beloued and by them exiled to a wilde life in the field till a grieuous disease sent amongst them caused them by warning of the Dodonaean Oracle to recall him Fit seruitour for such a god Hence the tale of his huge Genitals and of his Garden-deitie Offering to rauish a Virgin at the time of her wedding he was seared by the braying of an Asse a creature for this cause consecrated to sacrifices Lettice most sutable to such lips A little hence standeth Abydus where was a famous Temple of Venus in remembrance of their libertie recouered by a Harlot Ouer against the same on Europe side was Sestus chaunted by the Poets the guard of the Hellespont one of the keyes saith Bellonius of the Turkish Empire the Castles being for that purpose well furnished the Straits not aboue seuen furlongs ouer Here did Xerxes ioyne Asia to Europe by a bridge professing warres not against the Greekes alone but against the Elements To Mount Athos did this Mount Atheos write his menacing Letters To the Hellespont hee commanded three hundred stripes to be giuen and fetters to be cast in with reuiling speeches for the breach of his new-made bridge which the Sea disdaining the stopping of his passage and infringing his libertie had by tempest broken In Mysia was that famous Pine-tree foure and twentie foot in compasse and growing intire threescore an ten foot from the root was diuided into three armes equally distant which after gathered themselues close into one top two hundred foot high and fifteene cubits Apollo Cillaeus had a Temple dedicated to him at Cilla another was erected at Chrysa to Apollo Smynthius and twentie furlongs thence another to Diana Astirma another with a sacred Caue at Andira to the mother of the Gods this Caue reached vnder the earth to Palea a hundred and thirtie furlongs Attalus reigned in these parts who furnished the Library of Pergamus with two hundred thousand Volumes for the writing wherof those parchment skins were inuented therefore called to this day Pergamenae Of this name Attalus were three of their Kings the last of which made the Romans his heires Heere was that cruell Edict of Mithridates published to murther the Romans whereby many driuen to seeke helpe of Aesculapius in his Temple at Pergamus found him either vnmercifull or vnskilfull to cure them although his Physick-shop was in this Citie Here were inuented by King Attalus Tapestrie hangings called Aulaea of Aula his hall which was hanged therewith Here was also a yeerely spectacle of the Cock-fight The Mysian Priests abstained from flesh and marriage They sacrificed a Horse whose inward parts were eaten before their vowes South-wards from hence along the Sea-coast trendeth Aeolis whereunto adioyneth LYDIA called anciently Asia and the Inhabitants Asiones It was called Maeonia of Manes their first King who begat Cotys and he Attys and Asius of whom some say Asia taketh name Cambletes a Lydian King saith Athenaeus was so addicted to gourmandize that in the night he did teare and eate his wife and finding her hand in the morning in his mouth the thing being noysed abroad he killed himselfe The same Author telleth of King Andramytes that he made women Eunuches for his attendants that the Lydians were so effeminate that they might not endure the Sun to looke vpon them for which cause they had their shadie bowers that in a place therefore called Impure they force women and maidens to their lust which Omphale who had indured this violence comming after to bee their Queene reuenged by as vniust iustice For assembling all the seruants or slaues shee shut vp among them their masters daughters permitting them to their pleasures Shee was daughter of Iardanus of the posteritie of Attis who set Hercules his taske to spin amongst her maides Her husband Timolus deflowred Arriphe in Diana's Temple Of him haply was named the hill Timolus which yeelded golden sands to the Riuer Pactolus Halyattis was after a long succession the Lydian King father to Croesus whose Sepulchre was an admirable Monument being at the bottome stone else where earth built by men and women slaues and hired persons It is sixe furlongs in compasse and two hundred foot and a thousand and three hundred foot broad All the daughters of the Lydians prostitute themselues and thereby get their liuing and dowrie These were the first inuenters of coyning money the first Hucsters and Pedlers the first players at Dice Balls Chesse in the time of Attys the first driuen to this shift by famine which when they knew not otherwise to redresse they deuised these games passing the time of euery second day with these pastimes then beguiling their emptie bellies and according to their ominous inuention now not so much the companions as the harbengers and forerunners of emptinesse although some contrarie to their first originall vse them to ease their fulnesse Thus did the Lydians liue if Herodotus be beleeued two and twentie yeeres eating and playing by course till they were faine to diminish their multitudes by sending Colonies vnder Tyrrhenus vnto that part of Italy which of him receiued that name Here on the winding streames of Meander or nigh thereto was situate Magnesia not that by Harmus whose Inhabitants worshipped the Dyndimene Mother of the Gods But the old Citie and Temple perishing and a new builded the Temple was named of Diana Leucophryna exceeding that of Ephesus in workmanship but exceeded in greatnesse and multitude of oblations And yet this was the greatest in Asia except the Ephesian and Dindymene Of Tralles a neighbouring Citie was Metrodorus the Priest of Iupiter Laryssaeus In the way from thence to Nyssa is a Village of the Nyssaens Acharaca There is the Plutonium compassed with a Groue and the Temple of Pluto and Iuno and the Caue Charonium admirable to the view ouer-hanging the Groue which it threatneth seeming to deuoure it They say that sicke men which are deuoted to those Gods goe thither and in a street neere the Caue stay with such as are expert in those mysteries who sleeping for them inquire the course to cure them by dreames These inuoking diuine remedies many times lead them into the Caue where abiding many dayes with fastings and sweatings they sometimes intend to their owne dreames by the counsells of the Priests To others this place is pestilent and inaccessible Here are yeerely festiualls solemnized and then most of all are these deuotions practised Youths and striplings naked and anoynted draw or lead a Bull into the same
dayes there to abide without any sustenance but when this time was expired and some wondered one more nose-wise then the rest smelled the sent of flesh the Sultan hearing it committed him and his disciple to the Cadilasher who by torments caused them to confesse the coozenage for thorow a hole which was made in the wall by a caue he had broth conueyed to him and therefore they were both put to death In the yeere 1478. Chozamirech an Armenian being in his shop in Tauris an Azi or Saint of theirs came to him and willed him to deny his Christian faith he answered him courteously and prayed him not to trouble him but when he persisted hee offered him money the Saint would not haue the money but importuned his first sute Chozomirech sayd hee would not deny his Christian faith whereupon the other plucked a sword out of a mans scabard which stood by and with a wound which hee gaue the Armenian in the head killed him and ranne away But the Armenians sonne complayning to the Sultan procured his apprehension at Merin two dayes iourney from Tauris and being brought before him he with a knife killed him vvith his owne hands and caused him to be cast on a dung-hill for the dogges to eate saying Is this the way to encrease the faith of Mahomet But when some of the more zealous people went to one Daruiscassun which was in guarding of the sepulchre of Assambei the former Sultan and as it were Prior of the Hospitall and requesting of him obtayned the body to burie it the Sultan hearing it sent for him and sayde to him Darest thou countermand my commands Away and kill him which was suddenly dispatched Hee further to be reuenged of the people committed the Towne to the sack which for the space of three or foure houres was done And then he forbad further spoyle and fined the Towne in a great summe of gold Lastly hee caused the Armenians sonne to come before him and with many kind words comforted him This long history I haue inserted to shew the extremity of blind zeale and religious fury in the seculars and votaries of these Persians if iustice should not withstand their rage Before is mentioned the commemorations of their dead which is thus performed ouer their Sepulchres Thither resort great multitudes of men and women olde and yong which sit on heapes with their Priests and with their candles lighted the Priests eyther reade or pray in their language and after cause to bee brought somewhat to eate in the place the place containeth betweene foure and fiue miles the pathes which leade thither are full of poore people which beg almes some of whom offer to say some prayer for their benefactors The sepulchres haue stones vpon them engrauen with the names of the buried parties and some haue a Chappell of stone thereon At Merdin he saw a naked man which came and sate by him and pulling forth a booke read thereon and after drew neere and asked him whence he was hee answered a strangerâ— I also am a stranger saith he of this world and so are we all and therefore I haue left it with purpose to goe thus vnto mine end with many words besides touching meekenesse and the deniall of the world He said I haue seene a great part thereof and finde nothing therein that contents me and therefore haue determined to abandon it altogether To this Merdina man cannot passe but by a way made of stone continuing a mile at the head therof is a gate and way to the Towne and within the Towne is another hill with a like way of fiue hundred pases in height There is an Hospitall for entertainment of all strangers made by Ziangirboi the brother of Vsuncassan and if they be of better sort they are entertained with carpets spread for them worth an hundred ducats a peece and victuals for all commers We might heere take further view of their stately Temples their great and populous Cities and other things worthy obseruation if that our Turkish History had not related the like also among them especially touching the persons and places religious For the rest I referre the Reader to other Authors The present King Abas more as it seemeth in policie to secure himselfe of factions and against the Turke then conscience is a great persecutor of that sect of Mahomet which followeth the interpretation of Vssen and Omar This hee labours to extirpate and make odious hauing in vse once a yeere with great solemnitie to burne publikely as maine heretikes the images of Vssen and Omar Then doth he cause his great men publikely in scorne of their institution to goe with a flagon of wine carried by a footman and at euery village or where they see any assembly of people to drinke which himselfe also vseth not for loue of the wine but to scandalize the contrarie religion Yet are there of the greatest exceeding precise Turkes if they durst shew it In a Letter of Iohn Ward written in Tauris May 14. 1605. this King is blamed for making slaues of poore Armenians and forcing many to Mahumetisme pulling downe Churches and vsing more rigour then the Turke §. IIII. Of Natures wonders and the Iesuits lyes of Persia THe wonders of Nature in these parts are neere Bachu a fountaine of oyle continually running and fetched into the farthest parts of Persia and another neere Shamakie of Tarre whereof we had good vse and proofe in our ship Hereabouts you shall haue in the fields neere to any Village in the night two or three hundred Foxes howling Kine they haue like ours and another sort great boned and leane as hard sauoured as those which Pharaoh dreamed of In Persia groweth great abundance of Bombasin cotton this groweth on a certaine tree or brier not past the height of a mans waste with a slender stalk like to a brier or carnation Iuly-flower with very many branches bearing on euery branch a fruit or cod round which when it commeth to the bignesse of a Wall-nut openeth and sheweth forth the cotton which groweth still like a fleece of wooll to the bignesse of a mans fist and then being loose is gathered the seeds are flat and blacke as big as pease which they sow in their fields and plowed ground in great abundance I had thought I had ended this Chapter and our Persian Expedition but our good friends the Iesuites would needs entertaine your wearie eyes with reading an exploit of theirs related by one sometimes their fellow Catholike now I hope our fellow Christian For the credit of this honest and loyall of their honest returne not with a non est and loyall with a â—â—e all societie was a French pamphlet by them dispersed a little before the Powder-treason amongst their Catholike friends in England reporting the miraculous conuersion of the King of Persia by one Campian a Iesuite an English-man that had expelled a Deuill out of a possessed partie and commanded the Deuill
timely and quick passage and be borne againe in richer Families And therefore they seeke no corners but execute their bloudy parricides publikely Yea greater abominations then these are here perpetrated vpon as sleight grounds many laying violent hands vpon themselues both in desperation and impatience and in malice also so to hurt their enemies Thus they say many thousands both of men and women euery yeere drowne themselues in Riuers hang themselues sometimes at their aduersaries doors or poyson themselues whereupon their kindred complaine to the Magistrates on those which gaue cause or occasion to these extremities which sometimes are seuere in these cases to the accused It may be reckoned among their cruelties which in the Northerne Prouinces is practised the gelding of their Male-Infants so to make them capable of the Kings seruice none other being admitted to attend or speake with Him and the whole sway of the Kingdome being in great part in these vn-manly hands of ten thousand scarce any but Plebeian illiterate seruile in condition and conditions impotent impudent of weake both conceit and performance Neither is this a little crueltie that the Magistrates are thought to kill as many against the Lawes as the Lawes themselues by execution of iudiciall sentence by their custome of beating men with Canes in manner at their owne lust This makes men that they are not Masters of their owne but are in continuall feare to be vndone by calumny and tyranny The Choinois are also a fraudulent and treacherous people They contemne strangers scorning to learne any thing out of their bookes as being vnlearned and rude yea all the Characters whereby they expresse the name of strangers are compounded of such as signifie beasts hauing indeed a beastly and diabolicall conceit of them When Embassadors come to them from Neighbour-Countries to pay their tributes or for other busines they are very suspiciously intreated entertained as captiues all the time of their iourney not permitting them to see any thing They shut them vp like beasts in stables within their Palaces neuer admit them the Kings presence themselues dealing with few of the Magistrates and all their businesse being ordered by Officers thereto assigned Nor may any natiue trauell out of the Kingdome without diuers cautelesse Petreius the Portugall Embassador died in prison at Canton They will not suffer strangers which haue staid long in China in some places the custome is nine yeeres to returne from thence Their Souldiers are base meere mercinaries not regarding honor where they are not rewarded with honor alike vile in estimation and action the most part slaues thereto by their owne or parents wickednesse legally condemned except at times of employment being Porters Horse-keepers or of like seruile drudgerie Their Captaines and Commanders haue some shaddow of dignitie but the substance we haue before rightly attributed to them who can punish these as the meanest Long nayles are some say accounted a Gentlemanly signe as of hands not employed to labour Their exceeding pride in which they are not exceeded of any appeared in this that they thought the Iesuites must needs attaine the Popedome at their returne into Europe as hauing so much bettered their learning by the Chinois Authors But These haue since euen by the opinion of learning obtained a better estimation It were tedious to tell of their opinions touching the Creation All being a rude and vnformed Chaos Tayn say they framed and settled the Heauen and Earth This Tayn created Pauzon and Pauzona Pauzon by power of Tayn created Tanhom and his thirteene brethren Tanhom gaue names to all things and knew their vertues and with his said brethren multiplied their generations which continued the space of ninetie thousand yeeres And then Tayn destroyed the world for their pride and created another man named Lotzitzam who had two hornes of sweet sauour out of which presently did spring forth both men and women The first of these was Alazan which liued nine hundred yeeres Then did the Heauen create another man Lotzitzam was now vanished named Atzion whose Mother Lutim was with child with him only in seeing a Lions head in the ayre This was done in Truchin in the Prouince of Santon he liued eight hundred yeeres After this Vsao and Hantzui and Ocheutey with his sonne Ezonlom and his nephew Vitei the first King of China they say were the inuenters of their many Arts In the later Epistles from China dated 1606. and 1607. little is there to further this Historie As for their tales of Miracles in those and the Iaponian Epistles bearing the same date wherein Ignatius Loyolaes picture is made a miracle-worker I hold them not worth relation The Chinois beleeue as is there reported that there is a certaine spirit which hath power of the life and death of children that are sicke of the measells and therefore when their children are sicke thereof they hang a glasse before the dore of the chamber where he lyeth that the spirit comming to destroy the child seeing his Image in that glasse should not dare to approach neerer Their Baptisme cured the disease a new remedy for measels a new vertue of Baptisme Their order for the Poore may be a patterne vnto Christians they suffer none to beg nor to be idle If any be blinde yet hee is set to some worke as grinding in a Querne or such like of which sort after Boterus account there are foure thousand blind persons that grinde still in Canton alone If they be impotent that they cannot worke their friends if they be able must-prouide for them if not they are kept in Hospitalls out of which they neuer passe and haue all necessaries prouided them by Officers appointed in euery Citie to this businesse Common women are confined to certaine places and may not goe abroad nor dwell in the Citie for infecting others and are accountable to a certaine Officer of their euill earnings which when they are old is bestowed on their maintenance Their dwelling is in the Suburbs of Cities They are great Sodomites although they haue many Wiues and Concubines which they buy of their Parents or in the Markets in like manner as the Turkes They are not by Law prescribed to obserue this or that Sect and therefore they haue many Sects some worshipping the Sunne some the Moone some nothing and all what themselues best like as is in part before shewed They take their oathes as here by kissing a booke with thrice drinking of a certaine liquor Antony Dalmeida saith that in saying Masse they were so thronged with the people that they were almost trodden vnder foot And of a Chinian Priest contrarie to the zeale elsewhere in any Religion they were inuited to dinner and feasted together with many other of their Priests that vsed them kindly §. VIII Of their Temples IT followeth now that we speake of places Religious amongst the Chinois of which their Temples challenge the first place their Sepulchres the next Of
more vnhappy tense when they were there was a Citie great strong and very faire with walls of Stone and great Ditches round about it with many Crocodiles in them There are two Townes the old in which the Merchants abide and the houses are made of Canes called Bambos and the new for the King and his Nobilitie the Citie is so subiect to fire that euery day Proclamation is made to take heed to their fire The Citie is square with faire walls hauing in each Square fiue Gates besides many Turrets for Centinels to watch made of wood and gilded very faire The Streets are strait as a line from one Gate to another and so broad that ten or twelue men may ride a-front through them On both sides at euery mans doore is set a Coco-tree yeelding a faire shew and comfortable shaddow that a man might walke in the shade all day The houses are made of Wood and couered with Tiles The Kings house is in the midst walled and ditched about and the houses within of Wood sumptuously wrought and guilded And the house wherein his Pagode or Idoll standeth is couered with Tiles of Siluer and all the walls are guilded with Gold Within the first gate of the Kings house was a large roome on both sides whereof were houses made for the Kings Elephants Among the rest hee had foure white Elephants a thing rare in Nature but more precious in his estimation For this is part of his Royall Title The King of the white Elephants And if any other hath any he will seeke by fauour or force to haue the same which some say was the cause of the quarrell betwixt him and the King of Siam Great seruice was done vnto them Euery one of these white Elephants stood in an house guilded with Gold and were fed in vessels of Siluer gilt One of them as hee went euery day to the Riuer to bee washed passed vnder a Canopie of Cloth of Gold or Silke carried by sixe or eight men as many going before playing on Drums or other Instruments At his comming out of the Riuer a Gentleman washed his feet in a Siluer Bason There were of blacke Elephants nine Cubits high The King was said to haue aboue fiue thousand Elephants of Warre There was about a mile from Pegu a place builded with a faire Court in it to take wilde Elephants in a Groue which they doe by the female Elephants trained to this purpose and anointed with a certaine Oyle which causeth the wilde Elephant to follow her When the Hunts-men haue brought the Elephant neere to the Citie they send word thereof and many Horse-men and Foot-men come out and cause the female to take a streight way which leadeth to the place where shee entereth and hee after her for it is like a Wood. When they are in the gate is shut and they get out the female The wilde one seeing himselfe alone weepeth and runneth against the walles which are made of strong trees some of them breake their teeth therewith Then they pricke him with sharpe Canes and cause him to goe into a strait house and there fasten him with a rope and let him fast three or foure dayes and then bring a femall to him with meat and drinke within few dayes taming him When they goe into the Warres they set a frame of wood vpon their backes bound with great Cordes wherein sit foure or six men which fight with Guns Darts Arrowes and other weapons All Authors agree that no beast commeth so neere the reason of a man as the Elephant yea they seeme to goe before some men in conceit haughtinesse desire of glory thankefulnesse c. The Peguans are beardlesse and carrie pinsers about them to plucke out the hayres if any grow They blacke their teeth for they say a Dogge hath white teeth The men of Pegu Aua Iangoma and Brama weare balls in their yards which they put in the skinne being cut and weare for euery childe one till they haue three and may take them out at pleasure the least as bigge as any Wall-nut the biggest as bigge as a little Hennes Egge They were inuented to preuent Sodomie which they vse more then any people in the world Abusing the Male-Sexe causeth the women also to weare scant clothes that as they goe their thigh is seene bare to prouoke men to lust Both these were ordained by a certaine Queene for those causes and are still obserued If the King giue any one of his Balles it is a great Iewell accounted they heale the place in sixe or eight dayes The Bramans that are of the Kings bloud pricke some part of their skinne and put therein a blacke colour which lasteth alway If any Merchant resort thither hee shall haue many maydes saith Linschoten offered him by their parents to take his choyse and hauing agreed with their parents hee may for the time of his abode vse her as his slaue or his Concubine without any discredit to her Yea if hee come againe after shee is marryed hee may for the time hee stayeth there demaund her in like sort to his vse And when a man marrieth hee will request some of his friends to lye the first night with his Bride There are also among them that sow vp the priuie part of their Daughters leauing onely passage for Vrine which when they marry passe vnder the Surgeons hand for remedie Gasper Balby and Got. Arthus tell of another custome of their Virgins if that name may bee giuen them For saith hee Virgines in hoc regno omnino nullas reperire licet Puellae enim omnes statim à pueritia sua medicamentum quoddam vsurpant quo muliebria distenduntur aperta continentur idque propter globulos quos in virgis viri gestant illis enim admittendis virgines arctiores nullo modo sufficerunt Their money is called Ganza and is made of Copper and Leade which euery man may stampe that will Gold and Siluer is merchandise and not money The tides of the Sea betweene Martauan and Pegu by Caesor Fredricke are reputed the greatest wonder which hee saw in his trauels being so violent that the ayre is filled with noyse and the earth quaketh at the approach of this watery element shooting the Boats that passe therewith as arrowes which at a high water they suffer not to anchor in the Channell which would betray them to the deuouring iawes of the returning tide but draw them toward some Banke where they rest in the ebbe on dry land as high vpon the Channels bottome as any house top And if they arriue not at their certaine stations they must backe againe whence they came no place else being able to secure them And when it encreaseth againe it giueth them their calls or salutations the first waue washeth ouer the Barke from stemme to sterne the second is not so furious the third raiseth the Anchor In Negrais in Pegu diuers people dwell in Boates which they call
Hermites reputed very holy Many Iuglers also and Witches which shew deuilish tricks They neuer goe forth without praying Euery Hill Cliffe Hole or Den hath his Pagodes in it with their Furnaces hard by them and their Cisternes alwayes full of water with which euery one that passeth by washeth his feet and then worshippeth and offereth Rice Egges or what else their deuotion will affoord which the Bramene eateth When they are to goe to Sea they will feast their Pagode with Trumpets Fires and hangings fourteene dayes before they set forth to obtaine a good voyage and as long after their returne which they vse to doe in all their Feasts Marriages Child-births and their Haruest and Seed-seasons The Indian women in Goa when they goe forth haue but one cloth about their bodies which couereth their heads and hangeth downe to the knees otherwise naked They haue rings thorow their noses about their legs toes neckes and armes and seuen or eight bracelets vpon their hands according to their abilitie of glasse or other metall When the woman is seuen yeeres old and the man nine they marry but come not together till the woman is able to beare children Mr. Fitch mentioneth the solemnitie of these marriages and the cause to be the burning of the mother when the father is dead that they might haue a father-in-law to bring them vp To leaue Goa with this Iland The Canaras and Decanijns weare their beards and haire long without cutting as the Bramenes They except from food Kine Hogs and Buffles They account the Oxe Cow or Buffle to be holy which they haue commonly in the house with them and they belmeere stroke and handle them with all friendship in the world feed them with the same meat they eate themselues and when the beasts ease themselues they hold vnder their hands and throw the dung away they sleepe with them in their houses hereby thinking to doe God seruice In other things they are as the Bramenes For those are the Laitie these are the Spiritualtie When they take their oathes they are set within a circle of ashes on the pauement and laying a few ashes on their heads the other on their breasts sweare by their Pagodes to tell the truth The Canarijns and the Corumbijns are the rustickes and Countrey-husbandmen the most miserable people of all India their Religion is much as the other They couer onely their Priuities and eate all things except Kine Oxen Buffles Hogs and Hens flesh Their women binde a cloth about their Nauell which reacheth halfe way the thigh they are deliuered alone by themselues without other helpe their children are brought vp naked till they be seuen or eight yeeres old without any trouble about them except washing them in a little cold water and liue to be an hundred yeeres old without head-ache or losse of teeth They nourish a cuffe of haire on their crownes cutting the rest When the man is dead the wife breaketh her glasse-jewels and cutteth off her haire his bodie is burnt They eate so little as if they liued by the ayre and for a penny would endure whipping In Salsette are two Temples or holes rather of Pagodes renowned in all India one of which is cut from vnder a hill of hard stone and is of compasse within about the bignesse of Village of foure hundred Houses with many Galleries or Chambers of these deformed shapes one higher then another cut out of the hard Rock There are in all three hundred of these Galleries The other is in another place of like matter and forme It would make a mans haire stand vpright to enter amongst them In a little Iland called Pory there standeth a high Hill on the top whereof is a hole that goeth downe on the Hill digged and carued out of the hard Rocke within as large as a great Cloyster round beset with shapes of Elephants Tygres Amazons and other like worke workemanly cut supposed to be the Chinois handy-worke But the Portugals haue now ouerthrowne these Idol-Temples Would God they had not set new Idols in the roome with like practice of offerings and Pilgrimages as did these to their Pagode I once went into a Temple of stone in a Village and found nothing in it but a great Table that hung in the middle of the Church with the Image of a Pagode thereon painted hellishly disfigured with many hornes long teeth out of the mouth downe to the knees and and beneath his nauell with such another tusked 〈◊〉 horned face Vpon the head stood a triple crowne not much vnlike the Popes It hung before a wall which made a partition from another Chamber like a Quire close without any light in the middle whereof was a little doore and on each side of it a furnace within the wall with certaine holes thereby to let the smoake or sauour of the fire to enter into that place when any offering should bee made Whereof wee found there some Rice Corne Fruits Hens and such like There issued thence such a filthy smoake and stinke that it made the place black and almost choaked such as entred We desired the Bramene to open the doore which with much entreatie he did offering first to throw ashes on our fore-heads which wee refused so that before hee would open vs the doore we were forced to promise him not to enter beyond the doore It shewed within like a lime-kill being close vaulted without hole or window neither had the Church it selfe any light but the doore Within the the said Cell hung an hundred burning Lampes and in the middle stood a little Altar couered with Cotton Cloth and ouer that with Gold vnder which as the Bramene told vs sate the Pagode all of Gold of the bignesse of a Puppet Hard by the Church without the great doore stood within the earth a great fouresquare Cisterne hewed out of freestone with staires on each side to goe downe into it full of greene filthy and stinking water wherein they wash themselues when they meane to enter into the Church to pray In the euening they carried their Pagode on Procession first Ringing a Bell wherewith the people assembled and tooke the Pagode out of his Cell with great reuerence and set it in a Palamkin which was borne by the chiefe men of the Towne the rest following with great deuotion with their vsuall noise and sound of Trumpets and other Instruments and hauing carried him a prettie circuit brought him to the stone Cisterne washed him and placed him againe in his Cell making a foule smoake and stinke and euery man leauing his offering behind him intended to the Pagode but consumed by the Bramene and his family As we went along by the wayes we found many such shapes vnder certaine couertures with a small Cisterne of water hard by and halfe an Indian Nut hanging thereby to take vp water withall for the Trauellers to wash and pray By the said Pagodes doe stand commonly a Calfe of stone and two little
then they goe out of the Citie passing by the Riuers side to the burning-place where is prepared a great square Caue full of Wood. Here is made a great Banquet the woman eating with ioy as if it were her wedding-day and after they sing and daunce till the woman bid to kindle the fire in the Caue then she leaueth the Feast and taketh her husbands neerest kinsman by the hand and goeth with him to the banke of the Riuer where she strippeth her of her cloathes and iewels bestowing them at her pleasure and couering herselfe with a cloth throweth herselfe into the Riuer saying O wretches wash away your sinnes Comming out of the Water shee rowleth herselfe into a yellow cloth and againe taking her husbands kinsman by the hand goeth to the said Caue by which is erected a little Pinnacle on which she mounteth and there recommendeth her children and kindred to the people After this another woman taketh a pot with oyle and sprinkleth it ouer her head and therewith annoynteth all her bodie and then throweth it into the Furnace the woman going together with the same Presently after the woman the people throw great pieces of Wood into the Caue so that with those blowes and the fire she is quickly dead and their great mirth is on a suddaine turned into great lamentation and howling When a Great man dyeth all the women of his house both his wife and slaues with whom hee hath had carnall copulation burne themselues together with him Amongst the baser sort I haue seene saith Master Frederike the dead man carried to the place of buriall and there set vpright the woman comming before him on her knees casteth her armes about his necke while a Mason maketh a wall round about them and when the wall is as high as their neckes one comming behind the woman strangleth her the workeman presently finishing the wall ouer them and this is their buriall Ludouicus Vertomannus relateth the same Funerall Rites of Tarnasseri as in other parts of India sauing that there fifteene or twentie men in their idolatrous habit like Diuels doe attend on the fire wherein the husband is burned all the Musicians of the Citie solemnizing the Funerall pompe and fifteene dayes after they haue the like solemnitie at the burning of the woman those diuellish fellowes holding fire in their mouthes and sacrificing to Deumo and are her intercessors to that Diuell for her good entertainment The cause of burning their wiues is by some ascribed to their wonted poysonings of their husbands before this Law by others that the husband might haue her helpe and comfort in the other world Odoricus telleth of a strange and vncouth Idoll as bigge as Saint Christopher of pure Gold with a new band about the necke full of precious stones some one whereof was of value if he valued iustly more then a whole Kingdome The roofe pauement and seeling of the walls within and without the Temple was all Gold The Indians went thither on pilgrimage some with halters about their neckes some with their hands bound behind them some with kniues sticking on their armes and legges and if after their pilgrimage the wounded flesh festered they esteemed that limbe holy and a signe of their Gods fauour Neere to the Temple was a Lake where-into the Pilgrims cast Gold Siluer and Gemmes for honour of the Idoll and reparation of his Temple At euery yearely Feast the King and Queene with the Pilgrims and People assembling placed the said Idoll in a rich Chariot and with a solemne procession of Virgins two and two in a ranke singing before him and with Musicall Instruments carrie him forth Many Pilgrims put themselues vnder the Chariot wheeles where they are crushed in pieces More then fiue hundred persons vsed thus to doe whose carkasses were burned and ashes kept for holy Reliques Otherwise also they will deuote themselues to such a martyrdome in this manner The parents and friends assemble and make a Feast to this Votarie and after that hang fiue sharpe kniues about his necke and so carrie him before the Idoll where he taketh one of his kniues and cryeth For the worship of my God I cut this my flesh and cutting a piece casteth it at the face of the Idoll and so proceeding at the last sayth Now doe I yeeld my selfe to death in the behalfe of my God and being dead is burned as before Our Country-man Sir Iohn Mandeuile reporteth the same Historie of their Idoll-Procession and the ashes of those voluntary Martyrs which they keepe to defend them against tempests and misfortunes He also sayth That some Pilgrims in all their peregrinations not once lifted vp their eye-lids some at euery third or fourth pace fell downe on their knees to worship some whipped others wounded themselues yea killed themselues as is before said Nicolo di Conti reporteth the same in his time Neither is this bloudy custome yet left as Linschoten affirmeth by report of one of his chamber-fellowes that had seene it They haue sayth he a Waggon or Cart so heauie that three or foure Elephants can hardly draw it which is brought forth at Faires Feasts and Processions At this Cart hang many Cables or Ropes whereat all the people hale and pull of deuotion In the vpper part of the Cart standeth a Tabernacle and therein the Idoll vnder it sit the Kings wiues playing on Instruments And while the Procession passeth some cut pieces of their flesh and throwe at the Pagode some lay themselues vnder the wheeles of the Cart with such euent as you haue heard Gasparo Balby relateth the same and addeth That the Priests which haue care of this Idoll and certaine women are consecrated to these deuotions from their Cradles by their Zeale-blind parents And the women prostitute their bodies to gaine for the Idoll whatsoeuer they can get ouer and aboue their owne maintenance This filleth the Citie with Strumpets there being of this Sacred you may interpret it Cursed crue foure hundred in one place of the Citie These haue their place in the Idoll-procession some of them in the Chariot which is drawne by men euery one accounting himselfe happy that can touch or draw the same This he sayth was at Negapaton He further affirmeth That not farre from the Citie of Saint Thomas is the Towne Casta where the the Wife is not burned as at Negapatan but a great Graue being made for the deceased Husband they place the liuing Wife by the dead corps and their neerest kindred cast earth vpon them both and stampe thereon They which marry wed in their owne degree as a Smith to a Smiths daughter and they powre out their prayers at the Image of some Kow or a Serpent called Bittia di Capella Their Bramenes burne Kowes dung and if they intend any warres with other Nations they anoint their Nose and Forehead with those ashes not washing themselues till the euening They which sacrifice themselues to the Pagode
DIODORVS and others §. I. The names of Aegypt and of the Riuer Nilus AFter our generall view of Africa Egypt may justly challenge the principall place in our African discourse as being both in situation next to Asia whence we are lately come and consequently from thence first peopled besides that Religion our Load-Starre hath heere found the soonest and solemnest entertainment And not in Religion alone but in Policie Philosophie and Artes the Grecians which would seeme the first Fathers of these things haue beene Disciples to the Egyptians as Am. Marcellinus and D. Siculus Plutarch and many others affirme Hence Orpheus Musaus and Homer fetched their Theologie Lycurgus and Solon their Lawes Pythagoras Plato Anaxagoras Eudoxus Democritus Daedalus here borrowed that knowledge for which the World hath euer since admired them Let it not then be imputed to me as a tedious officiousnesse If I longer detaine the Reader otherwise delighted with the view of those rils which hence haue flowed among the Greeke and Latine Poets and Philosophers in Surueighing these Aegyptian Fountaines and Well-springs whence haue issued especially a deluge of Superstition that in elder times drowned all the neighbouring parts of the World Nor let it be tedious vnto vs to behold in this Historicall Theater those Egyptian Rarities the sight whereof hath drawne not Philosophers alone but great Princes too and mightie Emperors to the vndertaking of long and dangerous journeyes As Seuerus who though hee forbad Iudaisme and Christianite yet went this Pilgrimage in honour of Serapis and for the strange sights of Memphis Memnon the Pyramides Labyrinth c. Vespasian also and others did the like The name of Egypt saith Iosephus is Mesre of Misraim the sonne of Cham as the Egyptians themselues are called Mesrai So the Arabians at this day call it as Leo affirmeth but the Inhabitants they call Chibth This Chibth they say was he which first ruled this Countrey and built houses therein The Inhabitants also doe now call themselues thus yet are there not now left any true Egyptians saue a few Christians the Mahumetans hauing mingled themselues with the Arabians and Africans These Christians are hereupon called Cophti of their Nation as Master Brerewood obserueth not of their Religion which is the same with the Iacobites And the Egyptians in some ancient Monuments are tearmed Aegophti and the name Aegyptus which some deriue from Aegyptus brother of Danaus is likelier to come of that Chibth or this Aegophti and all these names may seeme to borrow their originall from Koptus a chiefe Citie in Egypt as both Scaliger and Lidyat are of opinion quasi Ai Koptus the Land of Koptus so is Aethiops of Ai and Thebeth or Thebais Ignatius the Patriarch of Antioch in an Arabicke Epistle written to Scaliger calleth Egypt the Land of Kopti where he speaketh of Aera Kopti or the computation of yeeres by those Koptite Christians reckoned from the nineteenth yeere of Dioclesian at which time hee destroyed the Christian Churches and slue an hundred and forty foure thousand Martyrs in Egypt and other seuen hundred thousand exiled The Turkes call both the Countrey it selfe and principall City Cairo by the name of Misir Thus singeth an olde Pilgrime in written Rimes without name of the Authour In Egypt is a Citie faire That height Massar or else Kare Egypt was before called if wee may beleeue Stephanus and others Aeria and otherwise also by the names of Aeria Potamia Ogygya Melambolos Haephestia Ethiopia Some adde Hepia as Nilus was also called Melas of the blacknesse The Riuer was first called Oceanus then Egyptus and after that Nilus and Triton Egypt hath on the East the Gulfe and some part of Arabia on the South the fals and Mountaynes of Aethiopia on the West the Desarts of Libya on the North the Mediterranean Sea all which Nature hath set not only as limits but as fortifications also to this Countrey Nilus is by Ouid called aduena for his forreine Springs by Tibullus fertilis which supplyeth the place of showres to Egypt whereupon Claudian sings Egyptus sine nube ferax imbresque serenos Sola tenet secura poli non indiga venti and Lucan Terra suis contenta bonis non indiga mercis Aut Iouis in solo tanta est fiducia Nilo Egypt no raines nor Merchandise doth need Nilus doth all her wealth and plenty breed Hereupon the Romanes accounted it their Granary and the Turke Selym when he conquered it said he had now taken a Farme that would feed his Gemoglans without it the earth is sand perhaps had not beene earth nor is there aboue one Well of sweet springing water nor brackish in all Egypt The water of Nilus is sweet wholesome and yeelds no mystie vapours This Riuer runneth through the midst thereof sixty miles from Cairo making by diuision of himselfe that Delta to which some appropriated the name of Egypt refuted by Iupiter Ammon whose Oracle sayth Herodotus reckoned all that Egypt which Nilus ouerflowed Ptolemaus numbreth three of those Deltas Touching the head of Nilus Bredenbachius affirmeth that many Soldans haue sent men on purpose furnished with skill and prouision for the Discouery who after two or three yeeres returning affirmed that they could find no head of this Riuer nor could tell any certainty but that it came from the East and places not inhabited both of like truth And before the Soldans Sesostris Cambyses Alexander Nero are reported to haue made search for the head of this Riuer Neros men by the helpe of the Aethiopians passed farre vp to large vnpassable Marishes full of weeds the extents vnknowne Later Geographers relate that Nilus ariseth out of a Lake in twelue degrees of Southerly latitude out of which not onely this Riuer runneth Northwards into the Mediterranean but Zaire also Westward Zuama and Spirito Sancto Eastward into the Ocean as is said all ouerflowing their Territories in the same time and from the same cause What this cause should be many both old and later Writers haue laboured to search Herodotus Diedorus Pliny and Solinus haue lent vs the coniectures of Antiquity herein Fracastorus and Rhamusius haue bestowed their Discourses on this Subiect as Goropius also and others of later yeeres haue done The most probable cause is the raines which Goropius in his Niloscopium deriueth from a double cause For the Sunne in places neere the Line doth shew more mighty effects of his fiery presence exhaling abundance of vapours which in terrible showers he daily repayeth except some naturall obstacle doe hinder as in some places of Peru where it seldome or neuer raineth And hence it is that the Indians both East and West and the Africans reckon their Summer and Winter otherwise then in these parts of the World for this time of the Sunnes neere presence with them they call Winter in regard of these daily stormes which hee seemes to
Priest vnto the Church which was very homely couered with base twigs or boughs not much better then the Priest their hoste his Tent in which a man might not stand vpright Enquiring after the disposition of the people they learned that they were vtterly ignorant of buying and selling of fraude and stealing They neither had nor cared to haue gold or siluer and when he offered ten pieces of gold to the Priest hee refused it onely was content to accept a little rayment The Hammientes are not much distant in place or differing in name from the Ammonians which built their houses of Salt digging the salt-stones out of the Mountaynes which they with morter apply to their buildings Mela ioyneth to these aforesaid the Atlantes which curse the Sunne at the setting and rising as bringing damage to them and their fields A practice not vnlike to the women of Angola at this day who as Andrew Battle which liued there testifieth salute the New Moone when they first see her by holding vp their hinder parts naked against her as the cause of their troublesome menstruous purgation These Atlantes haue no proper names nor feede of such things as haue life He affirmeth of the Garamantes that they had no wiues but liued in a beastly communitie The Augila acknowledge no other Gods but Ghosts or Soules departed by which they sweare with which they consult as Oracles to which they pray at their Tombes receiuing answeres by dreames The women the first night of marriage are prostituted to all that will see them the more the greater honour but after must obserue their owne husbands The Trogleditae dwell in Caues and feede on Serpents and rather make a sound or noyse then humane voyce they vsed Circumcision they named not their Children by their Parents names but by the names of sheepe or other beasts which yeeld them nourishment Their wiues and children saith Agatharchides are common onely the Kings wife is proper yet if any had lyen with her his punishment was but the losse of a sheepe In their Winter they liue on bloud and milke which are mixed and heated together at the fire In their Summer they kill the scabbed and diseased of their Cattell They entitle none with the name of Parents but the Bull and Cow the Ram and Ewe and the Male and Female of the Goates because of these they receiue their nourishment and not from their Parents They goe naked all but the buttocks Such as want that skin which others circumcise 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they depriue of the whole flesh so farre as the circumcision should haue extended Their funerall Rites were to tye the necks of the dead to their legs and couer them with heapes of stones setting a goates horne on the top with laughter rather then mourning Their old men which can follow the flockes no longer they strangle with an Oxe-taile which medicine they minister likewise to those that haue grieuous diseases or maymes And vnto these doth Plinie adde the Blemmyae with faces in their brests the Satyres Aegypanes Himantopodes and other monsters scarce worthy Relation or credit These parts I haue thus ioyned in one Discourse as liuing for the most part a wilde life as the Arabians and Tartars doe at this day and for Religion hauing nothing notable that I finde but as you haue heard Procopius writeth of the Blemyes and Nobatae that Iustinian placed them in Egypt about Elephantina that they before obserued the Greekes deuotions Isis also and Osiris and Priapus and sacrificed to the Sunne which Rites the Emperour prohibited But hee mentions no such Monsters The Arabians which vnder Elcain about the foure hundred yeere of their Hegeira gaue a Ducat a man to passe into Africke are Lords and Inhabitants of the Desarts to this day liuing as wee say a dogs life in hunger and ease professing Mahumets sect The Adrimachidae liued neere to the Egyptians both in situation and custome The Nasamones had many wiues with which they had companie publikely The first night of the marriage all the guests had dealing with the Bride and rewarded her with some gift The Guidanes had a more beastly custome whose women glorying in their shame ware so many frindges of leather as they had found Louers The Malchyes ware the haire on the hinder part of their head as the Iaponians now doe The Auses vsed the contrarie whose Virgins in the yeerly feast of Minerua diuided themselues into two companies and skirmished with staues and stones If any Virgins dyed of the wounds they accounted them false Maides The most martiall Virago of the companie they arme and crowne and place in a Chariot with great solemnitie They vsed not marriage but had women in common the childe being reckoned his with whom shee chooseth to liue To adde a word of the Cyrenians they held it vnlawfull to smite a Cow in honour of Isis whose Fasts and Feasts they solemnely obserued and in Barca they abstayned both from Beefe and Hogs flesh They seared the crownes or temples of their children to preuent the distilling of the rheume In their sacrificing they first cut off the eare of the beast as first fruits and hurled it ouer the house Their gods were the Sunne and Moone The Maxes shaue the left side of their heads leauing the haire on the right side The Zigantes feede on Apes whereof they haue plentie The Megauares make no account of Sepulchres in stead whereof they couer the corps with stones and set vp a Goates horne on the stone heape They haue many skirmishes for their pastures which are ended by the mediation of old Women who may safely interpose themselues and end the fray or battell if you will so call it When men are so old that they can no longer follow the herds they strangle him with a Cowes taile if he will not preuent them by doing it himselfe The like medicine they administer to such as are dangerously sicke Of the Macae Caelius thinkes the Roman Priests borrowed their shauen crownes Other things which our Authors adde of these people and others adioyning as seeming too fabulous I list not to expresse Silius Italicus in his Poems and Aldrete in his Antiquities of Spaine and Afrike expresse diuers of their ancient Rites and Names and that which seemes to vs most fitting shall in this Historie be inserted This part of the World as least knowne to the Ancients yeelded both Poets and Historians most matter of their Fables in explayning whereof Aldrete hath written in Spanish very learnedly as also of the later times when the Romans Vandals and since the Arabians haue preuayled CHAP. VIII Of that part of Barbarie now called the Kingdome of Tunis and Tripolis §. I. The name Barbarie the Kingdome of Tunis and Antiquitie of Carthage ALl the Tract of Land betweene Atlas and the Sea stretching in length from Egypt to the Straits is called Barbaria either of Barbar which signifieth to murmure because such seemed the
speech of the Inhabitants to the Arabians or of the word Bar which signifieth a Desart doubled It comprehendeth both Mauritania's Africa minor Libya exterior besides Cyreniaca and Marmarica whereof wee haue spoken The Inhabitants some fetch from Palestina some from Arabia It was conquered by the Romans and taken from the Greeke Emperors by the Vandals and from them againe by the Saracens and Arabians and is now partly subiect to the Turke partly to the Xeriffe It is vsually diuided into foure Kingdomes Marocco Fesse Tremisen and Tunis for of Barca is said alreadie The Cities of Barbarie it is Ios. Scaliger his testimonie speake Arabike but not pure nor yet so degenerate as the Italian is from the Latine but the Countrie people vse the old African tongue nothing like the other HONDIVS his Map of Barbarie BARBARIA The Kingdome of Tunis contayneth all that which the Ancients called Africa Propria or Minor and Numidia Antiqua the Romanes perhaps vaine-gloriously vaunting or ambitiously ayming at the Empire of the Vniuerse stiling their first footing and possession in Asia and Africa by the name of the whole which others haue beene forced to distinguish by adding Propria or Minor So they called Attalus his Legacie Asia and this Prouince yea Carthage it selfe had that name Africa The soyle is fertile especially the West-part The Inhabitants are sound and healthfull seldome vexed with any sicknesse Hereof are reckoned fiue parts Bugia Constantina Tunis Tripolis and Ezzab This Ezzab is the most Easterly part hauing many Townes and Regions amongst which some account Mesrata From these parts vnto Capes is the Tripolitan Region The chiefe Towne is Tripolis wherein the great Turke hath his Bassa or Vice-roy a receptacle of the Pyrats which roue and rob in those Seas in the yeere 1551. wonne from the Knights of Malta by Sinan Bassa From Capes to Guadilbarbar is the Tunetan Territorie From thence vnto the Mountayne of Constantina is that Region hereof bearing name and from thence to the Riuer Maior about an hundred and fiftie miles space doth Bugia extend it selfe so called of Bugia the principall Citie sometime adorned with Temples Hospitals Monasteries and Colledges of Students in the Mahumetane Law Here is also Necaus a very pleasant Citie and Chollo very rich Constantina is an ancient Citie contayning eight thousand Families many sumptuous buildings a great Temple two Colledges and three or foure Monasteries much resorted to by Merchants Euery trade hath their peculiar streetes A little from the Citie is a hote Bath hauing in it abundance of Crabfishes or little Tortoyses which the women take for euill spirits and ascribe vnto them the cause of their sicknesse or ague if any befall and therefore kill white Hens and set them on an earthen vessell with their feathers enuironing the same with little Wax-candles and so leaue them neere to this Bath or Fountayne How euer it fare with their Feuer their meat shall not stay long but some or other that see the womens deuotion will enuy the euill spirits so good cheere and for that time will be the spirits themselues to dresse and eate their prouision Not farre hence is a Marble building with Images grauen therein the people haue a conceit that it was sometime a Schoole and those Statues the Schollers by Diuine judgement so transformed for their wickednesse In this Region is situated Bona sometime called Hippo famous through our Christian World for the most famous of the Fathers that since the Apostles dayes haue left vs their writings Aurelius Augustinus a name fitting to him which indeed was Aureus Augustissimus Bishop of the See while hee liued and yet liuing in his Workes a Bishop not of Hippo but of the Westerne Church Wittie Learned Wise and Holy Father that hast with Thee carryed these Titles from Hippo where after Thee the Arrian Vandals and since the Saracens haue liued and Lorded and at this day is possessed of such as haue no possession of Wit Learning Wisedome or Holinesse but haue testified their banishment of all these by ascribing them to Fooles and Mad men whom they honour and admire as Saints This Bona then brooking this name better contayneth now three hundred Herthes and a sumptuous Mosque to which is adjoyned the house of the Cadi Tunis is now a great Citie since the ruines of Carthage neere vnto which it standeth Carthage as the more ancient deserueth first Relation of which wee may yet say with Salust Silere melius puto quà m parum dicere wee may not say much and a little will bee too little for such Greatnesse It was built threescore and twelue yeeres before Rome as the common account goeth by Dido and her Phoenicians an emulous competitor with Rome for the Empire of the World It contayned saith Orosius in the circuit of the walles twentie miles Linier Epitome sayth foure and twentie all engirt with the Sea except three miles space which had a wall of squared Stone thirtie foot broad and fortie cubites high The Tower Byrsa enuironed aboue two miles and had in it the Temples of Iuno Aesculapius and Belus Of the greatnesse of their name and power those three Punike warres are witnesses in the second of which Anniball whom his father Hamilcar then Generall in Spaine had caused to sweare at the Altar of Iupiter neuer to hold friendship with the Romans he then being but nine yeeres old as Aemilius Probus or as other will haue it Cornelius Nepos reporteth he I say passed ouer the Pyrenaean Mountaynes through France and ouer the Alpes into Italy with an Armie of an hundred thousand foot-men and thirtie thousand Horse The Riuers Ticinus and Trebia the Lake Trasimenus running with Roman blood by three ouerthrowes of Scipio Sempronius and Flaminius the Romane Consuls witnessed the Punike might But the victory at Cannae against Varro did pierce the brest and had rent the heart of Rome had Anniball known to haue vsed the victory as well as to haue gotten it There did Rome seeme to breath her last the Sunne the Wind the Dust helping the Carthaginian with Natures forces yea the Riuer Gellus against Nature stayed it selfe as congealed indeed whether with wonder feare of necessitie accepting a Bridge or Damme rather of Roman bodies for a passage to the African Armie These were golden dayes to Carthage when three bushels of Gold-Rings taken from the fingers of the slaine enemies were sent hither as a present A swoune meane-while did Rome sustaine and easily in fiue dayes might Hanniball haue dined in the Capitoll and poore helpe could shee finde when she reuiued had not Capua with feasting the Conquerour detayned Rome from Conquest when they despoyled the Temples for Armour armed their slaues and bestowed their priuate state on the publike Treasurie all which could not make Fabius fight with Annibal but by not fighting he learned to ouercome knowing that a shield was better
Voyages relateth It is time for vs to passe beyond the Darien Straits vnto that other great Chersonesus or Peruvian AMERICA RELATIONS OF THE DISCOVERIES REGIONS AND RELIGIONS OF THE NEW WORLD OF CVMANA GVIANA BRASILL CHICA CHILI PERV AND OTHER REGIONS OF AMERICA PERWIANA AND OF their Religions THE NINTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the Southerne America and of the Countries on the Sea-coast betwixt Dariene and Cumana §. I. Of the great Riuers in these parts and of Dariene THis Peninsula of the New World extending it selfe into the South is in forme somewhat like to Africa and both to some huge Pyramis In this the Basis or ground is the Northerly part called Terra Fuma from whence it lesseneth it selfe by degrees as it draweth neerer the Magellan Straits where the top of this Spire may fitly bee placed On the East side it is washed with the North Ocean as it is termed On the West with that of the South called also the Peaceable It is supposed to haue sixteene thousand miles in compasse foure thousand in length the breadth is vnequall The Easterne part thereof betweene the Riuers Maragnon and Plata is challenged by the Portugals the rest by the Spaniard From the North to the South are ledges of Mountaines the tops whereof are said to be higher then that Birds will visit the bottomes yeeld the greatest Riuers in the World and which most enrich the Oceans store-house Orenoque Maragnon and Plata seeme to be the Indian Triumuiri Generals of those Riuer-Armies and Neptunes great Collectors of his watery tributes Orenoque for ships is nauigable a thousand miles for lesse Vessels two thousand in some places twentie miles broad in some thirtie Berreo affirmed to Sir Walter Raleigh That a hundred Riuers fell into it marching vnder his name and colours the least as bigge as Rio Grande one of the greatest Riuers or America It extendeth two thousand miles East and West and commandeth eight hundred miles North and South Plata taking vp all the streames in his way is so full swolne with his increased store that he seemeth rather with bigge lookes to bid defiance to the Ocean then to acknowledge homage opening his mouth fortie leagues wide as if he would deuoure the same and with his vomited abundance maketh the salt waters to recoyle following fresh in this pursuit till in salt sweates at last he melteth himselfe in the Combate Maragnon is farre greater whose water hauing furrowed a Channell of sixe thousand miles in the length of his winding passage couereth threescore and ten leagues in breadth and hideth his Bankes on both sides from him which sayleth in the middest of his proud Current making simple eyes beleeue that the Heauens alway descend to kisse and embrace his waues And sure our more-straitned world would so far be accessary to his aspiring as to style him with the royall title of Sea and not debase his greatnesse with the meaner name of a Riuer Giraua some what otherwise writeth of these Riuers that Plata called by the Indians Paranaguaeu as one should say a Riuer like a Sea is twenty fiue leagues in the mouth placed by him in thirty three degrees of Southerly latitude encreasing in the same time and manner as Nilus Maragnon hee saith is in the entrance fiue leagues and is not the same with Orellana so called of Francis Orella the the first Spaniard that sayled in it and Amazones of the fabulous reports as Giraua termeth them of such women there seene which hee sayth hath aboue fifty leagues of breadth in the mouth and is the greatest Riuer of the World called by some the fresh Sea running aboue fifteene hundred leagues vnder the Aequinoctiall Thus much Hee though lesse then others yet more then can bee paraleld in any other streames This Southerne halfe of America hath also at the Magellane Straits contracted and as it were shrunke in it selfe refusing to be extended further in so cold a Climate The manifold riches of Metals Beasts and other things in the beginning of the former Booke haue been declared and in this as occasion moueth shall bee further manifested The Men are the worst part as being in the greatest parts thereof inhumane and brutish The Spanish Townes in this great tract and their Founders are set downe by Pedro de Cieza Herera and others I rather intend Indian Superstitions then Spanish plantations in this part of my Pilgrimage Of the Townes of Nombre de Dios seuenteene leagues from Panama the one on the North Sea the other on the South and of Dariene wee last tooke our leaues as vncertaine whether to make them Mexican or Peruvian being borderers and set in the Confines betwixt both The moorish soyle muddie water and grosse Ayre conspire with the heauenly Bodies to make Dariene vnwholesome the myrie streame runneth or creepeth rather very slowly the water but sprinkled on the house-floore engendreth Toades and Wormes They haue in this Prouince of Dariene store of Crocodiles one of which kinde Cieza saith was found fine and twentie foot long Swine without tailes Cats with great tailes Beasts clouen-footed like Kine otherwise resembling Mules sauing their spacious eares and a trunke or snowt like an Elephant there are Leopards Lyons Tygres On the right and left hand of Dariene are found twenty Riuers which yeeld Gold The Men are of good stature thinne haired the Women weare Rings on their eares and noses with quaint ornaments on their lips The Lords marry as many Wiues as them listeth other men one or two They forsake change and sell their Wiues at pleasure They haue publike Stewes of women and of men also in many places without any discredit yea this priuiledgeth them from following the warres The yong Girles hauing conceiued eate certain herbs to cause abortion Their Lords and Priests consult of warres after they haue drunke the smoke of a certaine herbe The Women follow their husbands to the warres and know how to vse a Bow They all paint themselues in the warres They neede no Head-pieces for their heads are so hard that they will breake a Sword being smitten thereon Wounds receiued in warre are the badges of honour whereof they glory much and thereby enioy some Franchises They brand their prisoners and pull out one of their teeth before They will sell their children are excellent Swimmers both Men and Women accustoming themselues twice or thrice a day thereunto Their Priests are their Physicians and Masters of Ceremonies for which cause and because they haue conference with the Deuill they are much esteemed They haue no Temples nor Houses of deuotion The Deuill they honour much which in terrible shapes doth sometimes appeare vnto them as I saith Cieza haue heard some of them say They beleeue that there is one God in heauen to wit the Sunne and that the Moone is his wife and therefore worship these two Planets They worship the Deuill also and paint him in such
like is noted in the East Indies at the Hils of Balegate where that Ridge parteth Winter and Summer in the same neernesse to the Sunne at the same time and a few miles distant The Raines in the Hils are cause why they call it Winter and the deawes or mysts in the Plaines so that when the Raines fall most in the Hils it is cleere weather in the Plaines and when the deaw falleth in the Plaines it is cleere on the Hils and thus it commeth to passe that a man may trauell from Winter to Summer in one day hauing Winter to wash him in the morning and ere night a cleere and dry Summer to scorch him Yea in some places sayth Alexandro Vrsino within sixe miles space both heate and cold are intolerable and enough to kill any man From Saint Helen to Copiapo it neuer raineth which Coast extends forty miles in some places fiftie in breadth and twelue hundred leagues in length §. II. Of the first Inhabitants their Quippos Arts Marriages ABout the point of Saint Helena in Peru they tell that sometimes there liued Giants of huge stature which came thither in Boates the compasse of their knee was as much as of another mans middle they were hated of the people because that vsing their women they killed them and did the same to the men for other causes These Giants were addicted to Sodomie and therefore as the Indians report were destroyed with fire from Heauen Whether this be true or no in those parts are found huge and Giantlike bones Cieza writes that Iohn di Holmos at Porto Vicio digged and found teeth three fingers broad and foure long Contrariwise in the Valley of Chincha they haue a Tradition that the Progenitors of the present Inhabitants destroyed the natiue people which were not aboue two Cubits high and possessed their roomes in testimonie whereof they alledge also that bone-argument Concerning the Indians conceit of their own originall we haue mentioned their opinion of a floud and the repeopling of the World by them which came out of a Caue They haue another Legend that all men being drowned there came out of the great Lake Titicaca one Virococha which stayed in Traguanaco where at this day is to bee seene the ruines of very ancient and strange buildings and from thence came to Cusco and so beganne Mankinde to multiply They shew in the same Lake a small Iland where they faine that the Sunne hid himselfe and so was preserued and for this reason they made great Sacrifices vnto him in this place both of Sheepe and Men. They held this place sacred and the Inguas built there a Temple to the Sunne and placed there Women and Priests with great treasures Some learned men are of opinion that all which the Indians make mention of is not aboue foure hundred yeeres which may bee imputed to their want of writing In stead of writing they vsed their Quippos These Quippos are Memorials or Registers made of cords in which there are diuers knots and colours signifying diuers things these were their Bookes of Histories of Lawes Ceremonies and accounts of their affaires There were officers appointed to keepe them called Quipocamayos which were bound to giue account of things as Notaries and Registers They had according to the diuersitie of businesse sundry cords and branches in every of which were so many knots little and great and strings tyed to them some red some greene and in such varietie that euen as wee deriue an infinite number of words from the Letters of the Alphabet so doe they from these kinds and colours And at this day they will keepe account exactly with them I did see sayth Acosta a handfull of these strings wherein an Indian woman did carrie as it were written a generall confession of all her life and thereby confessed herselfe as well as I could haue done in written paper with strings for the circumstances of the sinnes They haue also certaine wheeles of small stones by meanes whereof they learne all they desire by heart Thus you shall see them learne the Pater-noster Creed and the rest and for this purpose they haue many of these wheeles in their Church-yards They haue another kinde of Quippos with grains of Mays with which they wil cast hard accounts which might trouble a good Arithmetician with his Pen in the Diuisions They were no lesse wittie if not more in things whereto they apply themselues then the men of these parts They taught their young children all Arts necessary to the life of men euery one learning what was needfull for his person and family and not appropriating himselfe to one profession as with vs one is a Tayler another a Weauer or of other Trade Euery man was his owne Weauer Carpenter Husbandman and the like But in other Arts more for ornament then necessitie they had Gold-smiths Painters Potters and Weauers of curious workes for Noblemen and so of the rest No man might change the fashion vsed in his owne Countrey when hee went into another that all might be knowne of what Countrey they were For their Marriages they had many Wiues but one was principall which was wedded with Solemnitie and that in this sort The Bridegroome went to the Brides House and put Ottoya which was an open Shooe on her foot this if shee were a Mayd was of wooll otherwise of Reeds and this done he led her thence with him If she committed Adulterie shee was punished with death when the Husband dyed shee carried a mourning Weed of blacke a yeere after and might not marry in that time which befell not the other Wiues The Ingua himselfe with his own hand gaue this woman to his Gouernours and Captaines and the Gouernours assembled all the young men and Mayds in one place of the Citie where they gaue to euery one his Wife with the aforesaid Ceremonie in putting on the Ottoya the other Wiues did serue and honour this None might marry with his Mother Daughter Grandmother or Grand-childe and Yapangui the Father of Guaynacapa was the first Ingua that married his Sister and confirmed his fact by a Decree that the Inguas might doe it commanding his owne children to doe it permitting the Noblemen also to marrie their Sisters by the Father side Other Incest and Murther Theft and Adulterie were punished with death Such as had done good seruice in warre were rewarded with Lands Armes Titles of honour and Marriage in the Inguas Linage They had Chasquis or Posts in Peru which were to carrie tidings or Letters for which purpose they had houses a league and a halfe asunder and running each man to the next they would runne fifty leagues in a day and night §. III. The Regall Rites Rights Workes and of RVMINAGVI and ALVARADO WHen the Ingua was dead his lawfull heire borne of his chiefe Wife succeeded And if the King had a legitimate Brother he first inherited and then the Sonne of the first Hee
they are sowre and hang too high h Creation i Of the Angels k Belzebub said he was made of fire therefore better thē he which was made of earth Azoar 17. l Paradise The Turkes Paradise a beastly carnall one l Of Hell m Of Purgatorie n Of the Prophet Mahomet o Mahomet guiltie of his witchcraft often speaketh of it that he may not bee thought such a one p Of the Prophets in Scripture q Such tales as these of Abraham Salomon c. you shall finde both in the Iewish and Popish Legends as if the Iew Papist Mahumetan had contended for the whetstone which any one that readeth shall finde r Alexander Mahomets fittest Saint to follow ſ Of the Resurrection and last Iudgement Morals and Iudicials t Azoar 33.34 u See more in the Title of Women following x Pilgrimage to Mecca y Contrarie to which is the word common in Scripture for that which is lawfull in common vse Mecha saith Scal. alwaies in the Alcoran is called Haram and the Pilgrims Hurmun that is votaries z Abraham Author of pilgrimage rites His oathes Inheritances and Iust dealing Courtesie Mortall Sentences Sententias loquitur Carnifex Washings and Prayer Almes Tradition Meates vncleane Drinkes and Games Women Marriage Diuorce Swearing Forcing to baleeue Vsurie Repentance Friendship Infidels a Magdeburgenses in Centuria 7. haue so gathered some heads of this headlesse Monster the same is done by Cantacuze nas in summula sectae Sarac. c. but not thus fully b Anonymi in Alcoran Annotat c M. Bedwels Mahammedis imposturae in the preface c Relat. Master Harb a F. Sansov Bellar. lib. 3. b Ierusalem was rased of them An. 1219. yet durst they not destroy the holy sepulchre because of that Testimony of Iesus in their Alcoran yea they kisse the Gospels in reuerence especially Luc. 1. missus est Gabriel which they will often reiterate Vitr. l. 3. They call it not Ierusalem but BEITAALMIKDAS that is the house of the Sanctuary and Cudsi Mubarrak that is the blessed Sanctuarie Bed Trud. c The Turkes reckon Greene the Prophets colour h Arab. Nob. in Consut. Alcor i Of Mahomets Lent k Richardus Confut. Alcor l Pietro Messia tradotto per F. Sanso vino lib. 4. cap. 1. m Bell. Obseru lib. 3 cap. 9. Methodij Constitut in Bib. Pat. vbi Abucara disput cont Sar. See of this in the next Chapter and in the second Chapter Cateches Myst pro aduenis ex Secta Mahom. Thesaur sapientiae diuinae in salute om gent. procuranda Easterne languages Arabike Authors Moslemans Creed Mosleman Precepts are Circumcision Fiue houres Prayer Almes Fast Pilgrimage Fighting Note Washings Order of visiting the sicke of Wils Restitutions and Burials Mescuites or Moschees and their Ceremonies in them Mosleman women dis-respected Hence some ascribe to the Turites falsly that women haue no soules Easterne attire A note for trauellers in these parts not to prouoke them without liberty in vrine c. a cause of quarrell often to Christians a Ap. Breidenbach Sup. cap. 5. b Pilgrimage to Mecca M. Hak. tom 2. c Vertoman lib. 1. cap. 14. d Alcorr Italie m Pilgrimage to Mecca Hak. n L. Bar. with the Carouan of Damasco trauelled two and twentie houres of foure and twentie o Description of the Mosquita at Mecca p The house of Abraham described q Of this stone see sup c. 2. r Vertoman lib. 1. cap. 15. A. D. 1503. ſ The Pilgrims going to the Mountaine of Pardons t Barthema saith Isaac u Description of Medina the word signifies the people x In Barthema it is said that it was a graue fossa vnder the earth and there were also Hali Othman Bubecher and Homor with the bookes of their ordinanes and Sects y Which some are reported to doe indeed after their so holy pilgrimage-sights not further polluting their eyes m They pretend visions and miracles c. But haue not Antichrist and all Idolaters their miracles faith hath euer relation to the word of God n Agg. 2.12 13 o Caluino-Turcismus Giff. Turec Papismus D. Sut. p Because at Trent nothing might bee decreed but what was first sent and ordered from Rome hence grew this Prouerbe q When the Soldans raigned in Egypt they had a Ceremonie after the Pilgrimage to cut in pieces a Camel which had carried their Alcoran in great solemnitie to the Soldans Palace euery particle of the beast and of his furniture being esteemed and reserued as a holy Relique the same is now performed saith Dousa at Constantinople The like was in Beniamins dayes at Bagedat I know not what Camel superstition is often ment oned in the Alcoran Mecca and the Temple Rabe like to the house at Loretto in Angel legends The blacke stone Zam Zam Ismaels Well Mahumetan sacrifices Lying Tradition Territorie of Mecca Balsam brought from Gilead to Cairo thence to Mecca Scerif of Mecca Medina Mohameds birth and life a Arab. Nob. ref b Leo. l. 1. c Odmen 12. Hali. 4. ye Alhacen fiue m neths and twenty dayes Moaui 17. yeeres Iezid three yeeres eight moneths who say that the Prophet commanded not to blame but to pray for and to obey rulers though wicked for yee shall haue mercy they punishment d Ref. Ara. Nob. e G. Bot. Ben Curio calleth these Sects Melici followed in Africa Asafij professed in Arabia and Syria Arambeli in Armenia and Persia Buanisi in Alexandria and Assyria all foure are followed in Cairo lib. 5. 1. f Scal. E. T. l. 4. g 68. Sects Sarrac h Moreb Neb. l. 1. c. 70. l. 3. c. 18. 24. i God is a co-worker in euery worke of whom and in whom all things are and moue not a sparrow nor a haire from our head falleth to the ground without diuine prouidence Vid. Zanch. de Nat. D. 5. c. 1. c But two principall factions Mahumetan at this day d I. Leo. l 3. e What difference herein betweene the Mahumetane our Seperatist f Tronchi g In Itinerario Assassines of these see l. 2. c. 22. h A. Zach. Chro. Serac i Leo lib. 4. k Io. Bot. Ben. l Fr. Richard cap. 13. m This difference is in the Latine translation not in the Arabike as Erpenius hath obserued t Sup. c. 2. Io. Bot. Ben. a Lib. 18. c. 30. b Turci quasi Teucri Richer de reb. Turc Mart. Barletius de Scodrensi expug lib. 1. mention this opinion Andr. à Lacuna c Lonicer Chr. Turc to 1. l. 1. d Pom. Mela. l. 1. c. vlt. Plin. l. 6. c. 7. e Laon. Chalcondyl lib. 1. Io. Bapt. Egnatius Nic. Euboic Sagun Ep. Knolls c. f I. Leunel hist Musulm g P. Bizar hist Pers lib. 5. h Knoll Turc Hist Hieron Megisarus Ling. Turc. Institut literae sunt ijs 31. a Hist Musulman lib. 1. Theodor Gaza de Orig. Turcar. Epist. Io. Bapt. Egnat de Orig. Turc But see also sup c. 2. which is more likely For I read