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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	woman_n	word_n	writer_n	16	3	8.3125	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42257	The royal commentaries of Peru, in two parts the first part, treating of the original of their Incas or kings, of their idolatry, of their laws and government both in peace and war, of the reigns and conquests of the Incas, with many other particulars relating to their empire and policies before such time as the Spaniards invaded their countries : the second part, describing the manner by which that new world was conquered by the Spaniards : also the civil wars between the Piçarrists and the Almagrians, occasioned by quarrels arising about the division of that land, of the rise and fall of rebels, and other particulars contained in that history : illustrated with sculptures / written originally in Spanish by the Inca Garcilasso de la Vega ; and rendered into English by Sir Paul Rycaut, Kt.; Comentarios reales de los Incas. English	Vega, Garcilaso de la, 1539-1616.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.	1688 (1688)	Wing G215; ESTC R2511	1,405,751	1,082

vvhich I refer my self to divers Witnesses Other Incas and Pallas I knevv to the number of tvvo hundred vvhich vvere all of the Royal Bloud but of less note than those vvhich I formerly mentioned vvho vvere the immediate Sons of Huayna Capac My Mother vvas his Brothers Daughter vvhose Name vvas Huallpa Tupac Inca Yupanqui I vvas acquainted vvith one Son and tvvo Daughters of King Atahualpa one of them vvas called Angelina of vvhom the Marquis Don Francisco Piçarro begat a Son called Francisco vvho vvhen vve vvere of the Age of eight or nine years vvas a great Antagonist and Competitor vvith me for running and leaping his Uncle vvas Gonçalo Piçarro This Marquis had also a Daughter called Francisca vvhich vvas very beautifull and Married aftervvards to his Uncle Hernando Piçarro her Father begat her upon a Daughter of Huayna Capac called Ynes Huallas Nusta vvho vvas aftervvards Married to Martin de Ampuero an Inhabitant of the City of los Reyes The Son of the Marquis and another of Gonçalo Piçarro coming into Spain dyed young to the great grief of those vvho knevv them being the hopefull Off-spring of such renovvned Fathers But as to the other Daughter of Atahualpa I may mistake her Name vvhich vvas either Beatriz or Isabel she Married vvith a Spaniard called Blas Gomera and Wedded a second time vvith a Gentleman who was of Spanish and Indian Bloud called Sanco de Rojas but his Son was called Francisco Atahualpa he was a very handsome Youth well shaped and of a lovely countenance as were all the other Incas and Pallas but he dyed young We shall shortly mention him on occasion of a Story which my old Uncle the Brother of my Mother told me when he related the Cruelties of Atahualpa There was another Son of Huayna Capac remaining with whom I was not acquainted he was called Manco Inca and was the lawfull Heir to the Empire for Huascar dyed without Issue Male of whom we shall make mention hereafter CHAP. XXXIX Of what farther Cruelty was used towards the Servants of the Court. BUT to return to the Cruelties of Atahualpa who not content with the death and slaughter of all the Royal Family together with the Lords Captains and Nobility proceeded to Massacre all the Servants of the Court who were Domesticks within the House of whose Function and several Ministeries we have given a particular in its place for these were not particular persons but whole Villages to whose care it belonged to provide Servants for the Court and to change and alter them according to their times of waiting with these also Atahualpa had a quarrel for the Relation they had to the Court as also because they bore the Name of Inca which was conferred on them by that privilege and favour which the first Inca Manco Capac conferred on them Upon these Atahualpa vented his Cruelties but with more exquisite torment on such who were more near Attendants on the Person of the King such as Porters Keepers of the Wardrobe and Jewels Butlers Cooks and the like with whose lives not contenting himself together with the bloud of their Wives and Children he proceeded to burn and destroy their Houses and Villages which they inhabited but such as were Servants at a farther distance such as Cleavers of Wood and Drawers of Water were more gently treated for some of those they decimated killing every tenth or fifth Man in some places every third Man so that all the Villages within six or seven Leagues of Cozco suffered a particular and extraordinary Persecution besides the general calamity in which the whole Empire was involved being filled in all places with Slaughter Fire Robberies Rapes and Violences with what other miseries and devastation the licence of an unbridled Souldiery can exercise upon a Nation Nor were the Cities and Towns which were remote from Cozco exempt from the like calamities for so soon as Atahualpa heard of the Imprisonment of Huascar he entred all the Countries which were bordering on his Frontiers with Fire and Sword and particularly that which is called Cannaris because at the beginning they refused to yield him Obedience In revenge for which so soon as he gained power he treated them with all the severity imaginable which Augustin Carate in the 15th Chapter of his Book expresses in these Words Coming into the Province of Cannaris he assassinated sixty thousand Men being they had made opposition against him and putting all to Fire and Sword he laid wholly waste the Plantation of Tumibamba which is situate in a Plain and watered with three streams and thence proceeding in his Conquests left not one Man alive of all those who defended themselves c. the like Francisco Lopez reports almost in the same Words But Peter de Cieça is more large in his Relation saying that the want of Men and the abundance of Women in his time belonging to the Province of Cannaris was the cause that in the Wars of the Spaniards the Writers thereof mentioned Indian Men for Indian Women for to them they gave Commands in the Army And in giving the reason for it he useth these Words in the 44th Chapter of his Book Some Indians tell us saith he that by reason of the great numbers of Women which remained after that Atabalipa had destroyed all the Men of this Province whom he unhumanely butchered and after he had routed and destroyed in the Countrey of Ambaro the Brother of Guascar called Antoco who was the Captain-General of that people and had put to death all the Men and Children of that Province coming with green Boughs and Palms in their hands to implore his Mercy yet not being moved with such a spectacle of compassion he with a cruel and severe countenance commanded his Captains and Souldiers to fall upon them and slay them all by which a miserable slaughter was made of multitudes of Males as we have related in the third Part of this History so those who are now living say that there are fifteen Women in that Countrey to one Man. Thus far are the Words of Peter de Cieça with which we shall end this unpleasing Story of the Cruelties of Atahualpa for the present and reassume the particulars again in their proper places And now occasionally upon these Cruelties I was put in mind of a Story of Don Francisco the Son of Atahualpa who dyed some Months before I went for Spain which is this The day after his Death very early in the Morning before his Burial those few Incas who were remaining made a visit to my Mother and amongst the rest came the Old Inca whom I have formerly mentioned who instead of condoling and saying I am sorry for your loss because the party deceased was my Mothers Brothers Son he said to my Mother I am glad that the Great Pachacamac or Maker of the Universe hath conserved you unto this day in which you have seen the end and destruction of all your Enemies adding many other expressions full of

at that Countrey in great Junks they were so large that a Man of our ordinary stature reached but to their knees and that their bodies being proportionable thereunto as we may measure the body of Hercules by his foot were strange monsters to behold their Heads were great covered with long hair hanging to their shoulders their Eyes were as big as Saucers they had no Beards some of them were cloathed with the Skins of Beasts others were naked and without other covering than long hair which nature had given them They brought no Women with them but being arrived at this Point they landed and seated themselves in the manner of people under Government of which there remain some Ruines to this day But in regard they found no water they set themselves to make Wells which they digged out of the hard living Rock so that they may continue for many Ages and which speak the great and mighty strength of those robustious Men and being very deep they yield a most sweet and pleasant water very cool and wholsome to drink These great Giants or over-grown Men having seated themselves and provided Cisterns for their Drink the next thing was to make a sufficient provision for their Victuals for they had already almost consumed the whole Countrey for one of these great Men was able to eat as much as fifty of those ordinary people that were Natives of the place so that food beginning to want they supplied themselves from the great quantities of Fish which they took from the Sea which yielded to them in great abundance They lived with great abhorrence and in ill correspondence with the people of the Countrey for their Women they could not use without killing them and the Natives for that and other causes as much detested them but being weaker than they the Indians durst not attempt or assault them though they often entertained Consultations in what manner to take advantages upon them Some years being passed since these Giants resided in those parts and having no Women fit for them with whom to couple for propagation of their race their numbers began to diminish and wanting the natural use of Women by the motion and instigation of the Devil they burned in Lust one towards the other and used Sodomy publickly in the face of God and the Sun without shame or respect one to the other The which abomination being detestable in the sight of God as the Natives report it pleased his Divine and pure Majesty to punish this unnatural Sin with a Judgment extraordinary and agreeable to the enormity of it For being one day all together conjoined in this detestable Act there issued a dreadfull Fire from Heaven with great noise and thunder and immediately an Angel proceeded from this flame with a glittering and flaming Sword with which at one blow he killed them all and then the Fire consumed them leaving no more than their bones and skulls which it pleased God to suffer as reliques to remain for an everlasting Memorial of this Judgment Thus much is the Relation of the Giants the which we have ground to believe because the bones of Men are found there of an incredible bigness and I have heard Spaniards say that they have seen the piece of one hollow Tooth to weigh above half a pound of the Butcher's weight and that they had seen one of the Shank-bones of an incredible length and bigness besides which evidences their Wells and Cisterns are clear testimonies of the places of their habitation But as to the parts from whence they came I am not able to render any account In the year 1550 being in the City de los Reyes when Dos Antonio de Mendoça was Vice-king and Governour of New Spain there were certain bones of Men digged up which were of Giants or Men of an extraordinary proportion and I have heard also that at Mexico there were bones digged out of a Sepulchre which for being of an extraordinary size might be the bones of Giants By which testimony of so many persons it plainly appears that there were Giants and those bones might be the reliques of those mighty Men of which we have already spoken At this Cape of St. Helena which as I have said is upon the Coast of Peru and bordering near to Puerto Viejo there is one thing very considerable and that is a Mine or Spring of Tar of such excellent quality and which issues in that plenty as may serve to Tar a whole Fleet of Ships Thus far are the Words of Pedro de Cieça which we have faithfully transcribed out of his History to shew the Tradition which the Indians have of these Giants and the Spring of Tar which issues out about that place which is a matter also very observable CHAP. X. Of the Words which Huayna Capac uttered relating to the Sun. THE King Huayna Capac as we have said commanded his Army to return from the Province called Passau the which he made his extreme and frontier Countrey to the Northward which having done he returned again to Cozco visiting his Provinces in the way doing them all the favours he was able and administring Justice to those which did demand it of him Returning at length to Cozco after this long Journey of some years he arrived there about the time that the principal Feast of the Sun was to be celebrated called Raymi And the Indians tell us a story that upon one day of the nine that this Festival continued the Inca took a liberty to fix his eyes upon the Sun which was a freedom yet unknown and esteemed a prophanation so to doe or to behold the circle wherein he moved on which object whilst for sometime he continued his sight the High Priest who was one of his Uncles and stood next to him said Inca what is it you doe know you not that this is not lawfull Hereat the King withdrew his Eyes for awhile but presently after lifting them up again fixed them upon the Sun which the High Priest observing reproved him for it and told him Sir consider what it is you doe for you not onely doe an action which is unlawfull in it self but you give ill example and scandal to all your Court and the people of your Dominions who are here present to perform that venerable adoration which they owe to your Father as their sole and supreme Lord. Hereupon Huayna Capac turning to the High Priest told him that he would ask him two Questions which he required him to make answer unto I being said he your King and universal Lord is there any of you so bold as to command me for your pleasure to arise from my seat and take a Journey to those parts whereunto you shall direct me How replied the High Priest can any person be so impudent and daring Is there any Curaca said the Inca the most rich and powerfull of all my Subjects who will adventure to disobey my Commands in case I should dispeed him post from hence

Centeno and Alvarado were to be apprehended and imprisoned and a Petition was to be made to the President Gasca that he would be pleased once again to revise the allotments that were made and to divide them into lesser parcels or to grant Pensions to such as wanted them and in case their expectations were not answered they then resolved to take them by force But the Plot being discovered before it came to maturity Cianca the Judge apprehended the chief Leaders and punished them wherewith the troubles were appeased Thus far Gomara CHAP. III. Some Marriages were made up between rich Widows and the Pretenders The allotments assigned to Pedro de Hinojosa and his Companions The novelty which these things caused amongst themselves THIS Authour makes a large discourse concerning the Widows of those times for we must know that in the late Wars many Husbands being killed who had great Estates in Land and commands over Indians their Estates fell to their Widows and lest these Women should marry with those who had been Rebels to the King the Governour thought fit to make matches for them and to appoint them Husbands with whom they should marry many of which lived happily with them but others who had the ill fortune to be joyned with old men were not so well contented as they had been with those they had lost The Wife of Alonso de Toro who was Major-General to Gonçalo Piçarro and had great Possessions was married to Pedro Lopez Caçalla Secretary to the President Gasca The Wife of Martin de Bustincia who was the Daughter of Huayna Capac who held the Estate in her own right and not of her Husband was married to a good Souldier and a very honest man called Diego Hernandez of whom it was reported but falsly that in his younger days he had been a Taylor which being known to the Infanta or Princess she refused the marriage saying that it was not reasonable to marry the Daughter of Huayna Capac Inca with a Ciracamayo that is in the Indian Tongue a Taylor and though the Bishop of Cozco and Captain Diego Centeno and other persons of Quality pressed the marriage they could not prevail wherefore they engaged her Brother Don Christoval Paullu to use his interest and persuade her to it who accordingly taking her aside into a corner of the Room told her that it was not convenient for her to refuse that marriage for that she would so disoblige the Spaniards that for ever after they would become mortal enemies to their Royal Family and Lineage and never more be reconciled to them At length she assenting to the advice of her Brother though with a very ill will was brought before the Bishop who was pleased to honour the marriage by celebrating the Office himself and asking the Bride by an Indian Interpreter whether she would marry that man the Interpreter asked her whether she would be the Woman of that Man for in the Indian Tongue they have no word for Marriage or Wife to which the Bride made answer in her own Language Ychach Manani Ychach Manamunani which is Perhaps I will have him and perhaps I will not have him howsoever the marriage went forward and was celebrated in the House of Diego de los Rios a Citizen of Cozco and both the Husband and Wife were alive and cohabited together when I left Cozco Many other Marriages like this were contracted all over the Empire being designed to give Estates to Pretenders and to satisfie them with the goods of other men and yet this way could not give full contentment for some esteemed the Estates that came by their Wives to be too small and inconsiderable and others whose luck it was to have ugly Women loathed them and complained of their fortune and thus it fared with these men as with others in this world wherein is no entire satisfaction The unequal division of the Land as Authours say was the cause and ground of all the ensuing troubles and mutinies for unto Pedro de Hinojosa they gave all the Indians which belonged to Gonçalo Piçarro in the Charcas which yielded an hundred thousand pieces of Eight every year besides a rich Mine of Silver which made the Revenue of this Gentleman to amount unto two hundred thousand pieces of Eight a year for it is incredible to think the vast quantities of Silver that are every year digged out of the Mines of Potocsi which were so great that Iron was become more valuable than Silver Tapacri fell to the lot of Gomez de Solis which was worth forty thousand Crowns yearly and Martin de Robles had an Estate of the like value give him But Diego Centeno though he had sustained all the labours and performed the services before related yet having not been concerned in the surrender of the Fleet at Panama he was excluded from all other Estate than that onely with which he had formerly been invested called Pucuna nor were others of his Companions in the least considered but Lorenço de Aldana had an addition granted to his former Estate in the City of Arequepa which both together were valued at fifty thousand pieces of Eight yearly rent To Don Pedro de Cabrera a division was made of some Lands in the City of Cozco called Cotapampa the Revenue of which was reckoned at fifty thousand pieces of Eight yearly rent Another to the value of forty thousand in Gold was conferred on Don Baltasar de Castilla in the Province of Parihuanacocha which yields most Gold. John Alonso Palomino received an additional increase to his former Estate which both together might make up a rent of forty thousand Crowns Licenciado Carvajal had a like Estate given him though he enjoyed it but for a short time for being Recorder of Cozco he was unfortunately killed by a fall from a Window from whence he threw himself headlong out of despair and love to a certain Lady I remember I saw him buried on St. Baptist's day but Hernan Bravo de Laguna was to content himself with a meaner lot of eight thousand pieces of Eight Revenue not having the merit of those to pretend who surrendred up the Fleet to the President at Panama who were all some more and some less very considerably rewarded and indeed those Gentlemen did justly deserve a recompense being the first who gave a turn to the scale and the principal Instruments to reduce the Empire of Peru to the obedience of his Majesty which was entirely lost when the President at first entred into it as is apparent to those who have read this History The Lots given to the rest in other Cities of Peru were not so advantageous as those before mentioned for some which were poor were improved with the adjunction of those more rich and some were divided and given to others but how poor soever they were esteemed the meanest of them was valued at eight nine and ten thousand pieces of Eight of yearly Revenue so that the ten lots and divisions which we have

manner seizing on the Inca and on all the Indian Men and Women who were in Company with him amongst which was his Wife two Sons and a Daughter returned with them in Triumph to Cozco to which place the Vice-King went so soon as he was informed of the imprisonment of this poor Prince CHAP. XVII Process is made and an Endictment drawn up against the Prince and against the Incas his Kindred of the Blood Royal As also against the Sons of Spaniards born of Indian Women though their Fathers had been the Conquerours of that Empire SO soon as they saw that the Prince was taken the Attorney General was ordered to draw up a Charge against him which was done according to the Articles before mentioned accusing him to have appointed and ordered his Servants and Vassals to infest the Roads and rob the Spanish Merchants as they passed upon their Lawful occasions declaring all those his Enemies who had made any League or Contract with the Incas his Ancestors or who lived or inhabited amongst the Spaniards And that at such a time and upon such a day he had entered into an agreement with the Caciques who were made Lords of Mannors and Commanders of Indians by Ancient Grants from his Ancestors to rise in Arms against the Spaniards and to kill as many of them as they were able In like manner an Accusation was brought against those who were born in that Country of Indian Mothers and Fathers who were Spaniards and Conquerours of that Empire Alledging against them that they had secretly agreed with the Prince Tupac Amaru and other Incas to make an Insurrection in the Kingdom Being moved thereunto out of a discontent that they who had been born of the Royal Blood of the Incas whose Mothers had been Daughters or Nieces or Cousin-Germans to the Incan Family and whose Fathers were Spaniards and of the first Conquerours who had gained great Fame and Reputation were yet so little considered that neither on score of the Natural Right of the Mother nor of the high Desert and Merit of the Father any thing was bestowed upon them but all was conferred on the Kindred and Rel ●lous of the present Governours whilst they were suffered to starve unless they would live on the Alms of Charitable people or Rob on the High-Way and so come to the Gallows Moreover it was charged upon the Prince That he had not discountenanced such persons as these but had received them into his Service upon promise that they would joyn with him and dye in the defence of his Cause All which being alledged in that Accusation which was drawn up against the Sons of Spaniards born of Indian Women they were all apprehended and as many of them as were of twenty years of Age and upwards being capable to bear Arms then residing in Cozco were clapped into Prison Some of them had the Question put to them under the Torment to extort a Confession from them of that for which they had no Proof or Evidence before Amidst this Mad rage and Tyrannical proceedings by Imprisonment and Torture an Indian Woman whose Son was condemned to the Question upon the Rack came to the Prison and with a loud Voice cryed out Son since thou art sentenced to the Torment suffer it bravely like a Man of Honour accuse no Man falsely and God will enable thee to bear it and reward thee for the Hazards and Labours which thy Father and his Companions have sustained to make this Country Christian and engraft the Natives thereof into the Bosom of the Church You brave Sons of the Conquerours how excellently have your Fathers been rewarded for gaining this Country when a Halter is the only Recompence and Inheritance purchased for their Children● These and many other things she uttered with a loud Voice exclaiming like a mad Woman about the Streets and calling God and the World to examine the Cause and judge those Innocents And if the Fate of them be determined said she and that they must dye let them also kill the Mothers who had the Sin upon them to bring them forth and who were so culpable as to deny their own Country and Relations for the sake of those Conquerours and joined with them in the Design of making this Empire subject to the Spaniards But the Pachacamac or the great God hath brought all these things justly upon the Mothers who for the sake of the Spaniards could so easily renounce their Inca their Caciques and Superiors And since she had passed this Sentence upon her self and in behalf of all the other Women in the same State and Condition with her and had pronounced them all guilty she desired that she might be the first to suffer and lead the way of Death and punishment to all the rest which if they were pleased to grant unto her God would reward this good work to them both in this and in the other World. These passionate expressions uttered with all the Violence her force would admit worked greatly upon the Mind of the Vice-King and diverted him from his intention to put them to death howsoever they were not acquitted hereby but procured for them a more lingring sort of Death which was Banishment into divers remote Parts of the New World unknown to their Fore-fathers So some of them were sent into the Kingdom of Chile and amongst the rest a Son of Pedro del Barco of whom I formely made mention to have been my School-Fellow and under the Guardianship of my Father Others of them were sent to the new Kingdom of Granada and to divers Isles of Barlovento and to Panama and Nicaragua Some of them also were sent into Spain and amongst them was John Arias Maldonado the Son of Diego Maldonado the Rich who remained under Banishment in Spain for the space of ten Years where I saw him and entertained him twice in my Lodging at a certain Village within the BiBishoprick of Cordona where I then lived and where he related to me many of those things which are here recounted After so long a time he obtained leave from the Supream Council of the Indies to return to Peru and had three years given him to dispatch his Business there and remit his effects into Spain where he was afterwards obliged to live and finish his days Being on his departure he with his Wife whom he had married at Madrid passed by the place where I lived and desired me to help him to some Furniture for his House for that he returned to his own Country poor and in want of all things I presently gave him all the Linnen I had with some pieces of Taffaty which I had made up after the Souldiers fashion intending them for Colours or Ensigns for a Foot Company The year before I had sent him to the Court a very good Horse which he desired of me which together with the other things I gave him might be worth 500 Ducats which he took so kindly that he said to me