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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A04286	An apologie for the oath of allegiance first set foorth without a name, and now acknowledged by the authour, the Right High and Mightie Prince, Iames, by the grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. ; together with a premonition of His Maiesties, to all most mightie monarches, kings, free princes and states of Christendome.	James I, King of England, 1566-1625.; Paul V, Pope, 1552-1621.; Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, Saint, 1542-1621.	1609 (1609)	STC 14401.5; ESTC S1249	109,056	264

this forme was this Treason reuealed to Garnet as himselfe confessed And next though he stood long vpon it that it was reuealed vnto him vnder the vaile of Confession in respect it was done in that time while as the partie was making his Confession vnto him Yet at the last he did freely confesse that the party reuealed it vnto him as they were walking and not in the time of Confession But hee said hee deliuered it vnto him vnder the greatest Seale that might be and so he tooke that he meant by the Seale of Confession And it had as he thought a relation to Confession in regard that he was that parties Confessor had taken his Confession sometimes before and was to take it againe within few dayes thereafter He also said that he pretended to the partie that he would not conceale it from his Superior And further it is to be noted that hee confessed that two diuers persons conferred with him anent this Treason and that when the one of them which was Catesby conferred with him thereupon it was in the other parties presence and hearing and what a Confession can this be in the hearing of a third person And how far his last wordes whereof our Answerer so much vaunts him did disproue it to haue been vnder Confession the Earle of Northamptons Booke doth beare witnesse Now as to the other parties name that reuealed the Powder-Treason vnto him it was Greenwell the Iesuite and so a Iesuite reuealed to a Iesuite this treasonable plot the Iesuite reuealer not shewing any remorse and the Iesuit whome to it was reuealed not so much as inioyning him any penance for the same And that ye may knowe that more Iesuites were also vpon the partie Owldcorne the other Powder-Martyr after the misgiuing and discouerie of that Treason preached consolatorie doctrine to his Catholike auditory exhorting them not to faint for the misgiuing of this enterprise nor to thinke the worse thereof that it succeeded not alleadging diuers Presidents of such godly enterprises that misgaue in like manner especially one of Saint Lewis King of France who in his second iourney to the Holy land died by the way the greatest part of his army being destroyed by the plague his first iourney hauing likewise misgiuen him by the Soldans taking of him exhorting them thereupon not to giue ouer but still to hope that God would blesse their enterprise at some other time though this did faile Thus see ye now with what boldnes and impudencie he hath belied the publikely knowen veritie in this errand both in auowing generally that no Iesuite was any waies guilty of that treason for so he affirmeth in his Booke and also that Garnet knewe nothing thereof but vnder the Seale of Confession But if this were the first lie of the affaires of this State which my fugitiue Priestes and Iesuites haue coined and spread abroad I could charme them of it as the prouerbe is But as well the walles of diuers Monasteries and Iesuites Colleges abroad are filled with the painting of such lying Histories as also the bookes of our said fugitiues are farced with such sort of shamelesse stuffe such are the innumerable sorts of torments and cruell deathes that they record their Martyrs to haue suffered here some torne at foure Horses some sowed in Beares skinnes and then killed with Dogges nay women haue not beene spared they say and a thousand other strange fictions the vanities of all which I will in two words discouer vnto you First as for the cause of their punishment I doe constantly maintaine that which I haue said in my Apology That no man either in my time or in the late Queenes euer died here for his conscience For let him be neuer so deuout a Papist nay though hee professe the same neuer so constantly his life is in no danger by the Law if hee breake not out into some outward acte expresly against the words of the Law or plot not some vnlawfull or dangerous practise or attempt Priests and Popish Church-men onely excepted that receiue orders beyond the seas who for the manifold treasonable practises that they haue kindled plotted in this countrey are discharged to come home againe vnder paine of treason after their receiuing of the saide Orders abroad and yet without some other guilt in them then their bare home-comming haue none of thē bin euer put to death And next for the cruell torments strange sorts of death that they say so many of them haue bin put vnto if there were no more but the Lawe and continually obserued custome of England these many hundred yeeres in all criminall matters it will sufficiently serue to refute all these monstrous lies for no tortures are euer vsed here but the Manicles or the Racke and these neuer but in cases of high Treason and all sorts of Traitours die but one maner of death here whether they bee Papist or Protestant traitours Queene Maries time only excepted For then indeede no sorts of cruell deathes were spared vnexecuted vpon men women and children professing our Religion yea euen against the lawes of God and Nature women with childe were put to cruell death for their profession and a liuing childe falling out of the mothers belly was throwen in the same fire againe that consumed the mother But these tyrannous persecutions were done by the Bishops of that time vnder the warrant of the Popes authoritie and therefore were not subiect to that constant order and formes of execution which as they are heere established by our Lawes and customes so are they accordingly obserued in the punishment of all criminals For all Priests and Popish Traitours heere receiue their Iudgement in the temporall Courts and so doe neuer exceed those formes of execution which are prescribed by the Law or approued by continuall custome One thing is also to be marked in this case that strangers are neuer called in question here for their Religion which is far otherwise I hope in any place where the Inquisition domines But hauing now too much wearied you with this long discourse whereby I haue made you plainely see that the wrong done vnto me in particular first by the Popes Breues and then by these Libellers doth as deepely interest you all in generall that are Kings free Princes or States as it doth mee in particular I will now conclude with my humble prayers to God that he will waken vs vp all out of that Lethargike slumber of Securitie wherein our Predecessors and we haue lien so long and that wee may first grauely consider what wee are bound in conscience to doe for the planting and spreading of the true worship of God according to his reuealed will in all our Dominions therein hearing the voice of our onely Pastor for his Sheepe will know his voyce as himselfe saith and not following the vaine corrupt changeable traditions of men And next that wee may prouidently looke to the securitie of our owne States and

hath not procured my sparing by these answerers who haue neither spared my Person directly in naming me nor indirectly by railing vpon the Author of the Booke it is now high time for me no longer to conceale nor disauow my selfe as if I were ashamed of my owne deed And therefore that yee may the better vnderstand the nature of the cause I will begin at the first ground thereof The neuer ynough wondered at and abhorred POVVDER-TREASON though the repetition thereof grieueth I know the gentle hearted Iesuite Parsons this Treason I say being not onely intended against me and my Posteritie but euen against the whole house of Parliament plotted only by Papists and they onely led thereto by a preposterous zeal for the aduancement of their Religion some of them continuing so obstinate that euen at their death they would not acknowledge their fault but in their last words immediatly before the expiring of their breath refused to condemne themselues craue pardon for their deed except the Romish Church should first condemne it And soone after it being discouered that a great number of my Popish Subiects of all rankes and sexes both men and women as well within as without the Countrey had a confused notion and an obscure knowledge that some great thing was to be done in that Parliament for the weale of the Church although for secrecies cause they were not acquainted with the particulars certaine formes of prayer hauing likewise bin set down and vsed for the good successe of that great errand adding hereunto that diuers times and from diuers Priests the Arch-traitors themselues receiued the Sacrament for confirmation of their heart and obseruation of secrecie Some of the principall Iesuits likewise being found guiltie of the foreknowledge of the Treason it selfe of which number some fled from their triall others were apprehended as holy Gamet himselfe and Ouldcorne were and iustly executed vpon their owne plaine confession of their guilt If this Treason now clad with these circumstances did not minister a iust occasion to that Parliament house whom they thought to haue destroyed couragiously and zealously at their next sitting downe to vse all meanes of trial whether any more of that mind were yet left in the Countrey I leaue it to you to iudge whom God hath appoynted his highest Depute-Iudges vpon earth And amongst other things for this purpose This Oath of Allegiance so vniustly impugned was then deuised and enacted And in case any sharper Lawes were then made against the Papists that were not obedient to the former Lawes of the Countrey if ye will consider the time place and persons it will bee thought no wonder seeing that occasion did so iustly exasperate them to make seuerer Lawes then otherwise they would haue done The time I say being the very next sitting downe of the Parliament after the discouerie of that abominable Treason the place beeing the same where they should all haue bene blowen vp and so bringing it freshly to their memorie againe the persons being those very Parliament men whom they thought to haue destroyed And yet so far hath both my heart and gouernment beene from any bitternes as almost neuer one of those sharpe additions to the former Lawes haue euer yet beene put in execution And that ye may yet know further for the more conuincing these Libellers of wilfull malice who impudently affirme That this Oath of Allegiance was deuised for deceiuing and intrapping of Papists in points of conscience The truth is that the Lower house of Parliament at the first framing of this Oath made it to containe That the Pope had no power to excommunicate me which I caused them to reforme onely making it to conclude That no excommunication of the Popes can warrant my Subiects to practise against my Person or State denying the deposition of Kings to be in the Popes lawfull power as indeed I take any such temporall violence to bee farre without the limits of such a Spirituall censure as excommunication is So carefull was I that nothing should be contained in this Oath except the profession of natural Allegiance ciuill and temporall obedience with a prom●se to resist to all contrary vnciuill violence This Oath now grounded vpon so great and iust an occasion set forth in so reasonable termes and ordeined onely for making of a true distinction betweene Papists of quiet disposition and in all other things good Subiects and such other Papists as in their hearts maintained the like violent bloody Maximes that the Powder-traitors did This Oath I say being published and put in practise bred such euill blood in the Popes head and his Cleargie as Breue after Breue commeth forth vt vndam vnda sequitur prohibiting all Catholiques from taking the same as a thing cleane contrary to the Catholicke faith and that the taking thereof cannot stand with the saluation of their soules There commeth likewise a letter of Cardinall Bellarmines to Blackwell to the same purpose but discoursing more at length vpon the sayd Oath Whereupon after I had entred in consideration of their vniust impugning that so iust and lawfull an Oath and fearing that by their vntrue calumnies and Sophistrie the hearts of a number of the most simple and ignorant of my people should be mis-led vnder that faire and deceitfull cloake of conscience I thought good to set foorth an Apologie for the said Oath wherin I proued that as this Oath contained nothing but matter of ciuill and temporall Obedience due by Subiects to their Soueraigne Prince so this quarrelling therewith was nothing but a late vsurpation of Popes against the warrant of all Scriptures ancient Counsels and Fathers vpon the temporall power of Kings where with onely my Apologie doth meddle But the publishing of this Booke of mine hath brought such two Answerers or rather Raylers vpon me as all the world may wonder at For my Booke beeing first written in English an English Oath beeing the subiect thereof and the vse of it properly belonging to my subiects of England and immediatly thereafter being translated into Latine vpon a desire that some had of further publishing it abroad it commeth home vnto me now answered in both the Languages And I thinke if it had beene set forth in all the tongues that were at the confusion of Babel it would haue beene returned answered in them all againe Thus may a man see how busie a Bishop the Deuill is and how he omitteth no diligence for venting of his poisoned wares But herein their malice doth cleerely appeare that they pay me so quickly with a double answere and yet haue neuer answered their owne Arch-priest who hath written a booke for the maintenāce of the same Oath and of the temporall authoritie of Kings alledging a cloud of their owne Scoolemen against them As for the English Answerer my vnnaturall and fugitiue Subiect I will neither defile my pen nor your sacred eies or eares with the describing of him who ashames nay abhorres not to rayle

to the Emperours for their Confirmation And this lasted almost seuen hundreth yeeres after CHRIST witnesse Sigebert and Luitprandus with other Popish Historians And for Emperours deposing of Popes there are likewise diuers examples The Emperour Ottho deposed Pope Iohn the twelfth of that name for diuers crimes and vices especially of lecherie The Emperour Henry the third in a short time deposed three Popes Benedict the ninth Siluester the third and Gregory the sixt as well for the sinne of Auarice as for abusing their extraordinarie authoritie against Kings and Princes And as for Kings that haue denied this temporall Superioritie of Popes First we haue the vnanime testimonie of diuers famous Historiographers for the generall of many Christian Kingdomes As Walthram testifieth That the Bishops of Spaine Scotland England Hungary from ancient institution till this moderne noueltie had their Inuestiture by Kings with peaceable inioying of their temporalities wholly and entirely and whosoeuer saith hee is peaceably solicitous let him peruse the liues of the Ancients and read the Histories and hee shall vnderstand thus much And for verification of this generall assertion we will first begin at the practise of the Kings of France though not named by Walthram in this his enumeration of Kingdomes amongst whom my first witnesse shall be that vulgarly knowen Letter of Philip le Bel King of France to Pope Boniface the viij the beginning whereof after a scornefull salutation is Sciat tua maxima fatuitas nos in temporalibus nemini subesse And likewise after that Lewes the ninth surnamed Sanctus had by a publike instrument called Pragmatica Sanctio forbidden all the exactions of the Popes Court within his Realme Pope Pius the ij in the beginning of Lewes the eleuenth his time greatly misliking this Decree so long before made sent his Legate to the said King Lewes with Letters patents vrging his promise which he had made when he was Dolphin of France to repeale that Sanction if euer hee came to bee King The King referreth the Legate ouer with his Letters-patents to the Councel of Paris where the matter being propounded was impugned by Ioan. Romanus the Kings Atturney with whose opinion the Vniuersitie of Paris concurring an Appeale was made from the attempts of the Pope to the next generall Councell the Cardinall departing with indignation But that the Kings of France and Church therof haue euer stoken to their Gallican immunitie in denying the Pope any temporall power ouer them and in resisting the Popes as oft as euer they prest to meddle with their temporall power euen in the donation of Benefices the Histories are so full of them as the onely examples thereof would make vp a bigge Volume by it selfe And so farre were the Sorbonists for the Kings and French Churches priuiledge in this point as they were wont to maintain That if the Pope fell a quarrelling the King for that cause the Gallican Church might elect a Patriarch of their owne renouncing any obedience to the Pope And Gerson was so farre from giuing the Pope that temporall authoritie ouer Kings who otherwise was a deuoute Roman Catholike as hee wrote a Booke de Auferibilitate Papae not onely from the power ouer Kings but euen ouer the Church And now permitting all further examples of forraigne Kings actions I will onely content mee at this time with some of my owne Predecessors examples of this Kingdom of England that it may thereby the more clearly appeare that euen in those times when the worlde was fullest of darkened blindnesse and ignorance the Kings of England haue oftentimes not only repined but euen strongly resisted and withstoode this temporall vsurpation and encroachment of ambitious Popes And I will first begin at King Henry the first of that name after the Conquest who after he was crowned gaue the Bishopricke of Winchester to William Gifford and forthwith inuested him into all the possessions belonging to the Bishopricke contrarie to the Canons of the new Synod King Henrie also gaue the Archbishopricke of Canterburie to Radulph Bishop of London and gaue him inuestiture by a Ring and a Crosiers staffe Also Pope Calixtus held a Councell at Rhemes whither King Henry had appointed certaine Bishops of England and Normandie to goe Thurstan also elected Archbishop of Yorke got leaue of the King to goe thither giuing his faith that hee would not receiue Consecration of the Pope And comming to the Synode by his liberal gifts as the fashion is wanne the Romanes fauour and by their meanes obtained to bee Consecrate at the Popes hand Which as soone as the King of England knewe hee forbad him to come within his Dominions Moreouer King Edward the first prohibited the Abbot of Waltham and Dean of Pauls to collect a tenth of euery mans goods for a supply to the holy Land which the Pope by three Bulles had committed to their charge and the said Deane of Pauls compering before the King and his Councell promised for the reuerence he did beare vnto the King not to meddle any more in that matter without the Kings good leaue and permission Here I hope a Church-man disobeyed the Pope from obedience to his Prince euen in Church matters but this new Iesuited Diuinitie was not then knowen in the world The same Edward I. impleaded the Deane of the Chappell of Vuluerhampton because the said Deane had against the priuiledges of the Kingdome giuen a Prebend of the same Chappell to one at the Popes command whereupon the said Deane compeered and put himselfe in the Kings will for his offence The said Edward I. depriued also the Bishop of Durham of all his liberties for disobeying a prohibition of the Kings So as it appeareth the Kings in those dayes thought the Church men their SVBIECTS though now wee be taught other Seraphicall doctrine For further proofe whereof Iohn of Ibstocke was committed to the goale by the saide King for hauing a suite in the Court of Rome seauen yeares for the Rectorie of Newchurch And Edward II. following the footsteps of his Father after giuing out a Summons against the Abbot of Walden for citing the Abbot of S. Albons and others in the Court of Rome gaue out letters for his apprehension And likewise because a certaine Prebend of Banbury had drawen one Beuercoat by a Plea to Rome without the Kings Dominions therefore were Letters of Caption sent foorth against the said Prebend And Edward III. following likewise the example of his Predecessors Because a Parson of Liche had summoned the Prior of S. Oswalds before the Pope at Auinion for hauing before the Iudges in England recouered the arrerage of a pension directed a Precept for seasing vpon all the goods both spirituall and Temporall of the said Parson because hee had done this in preiudice of the King and Crowne The saide King also made one Harwoden to bee declared culpable and worthy to bee punished for procuring the Popes Bulles

owne Catholikes as to commaund them to disobey their Soueraignes lawfull commandement If it be vnlawful why hath he neither expressed any one cause or reason thereof nor yet wil giue thē leaue nay rather he should commaund and perswade them in plaine termes not to liue vnder a King whom vnto they ought no obedience And as for the vehement exhortation vnto them to perseuere in constancie and to suffer martyrdome and all tribulation for this cause it requireth no other answere then onely this That if the ground be good whereupon he hath commaunded them to stand then exhortation to constancie is necessary but if the ground bee vniust and naught as indeed it is and I haue in part already proued then this Exhortation of his can work no other effect then to make him guilty of the blood of so many of his sheep whom he doeth thus wilfully cast away not onely to the needlesse losse of their liues and ruine of their families but euen to the laying on of a perpetuall flaunder vpon all Papists as if no zealous Papist could be a true subiect to his Prince and that the profession of that Religion and the temporall obedience to the Ciuill Magistrate were two things repugnant incompatible in themselues But euill information and vntrue reports which beeing carried so farre as betweene this and Rome cannot but increase by the way might haue abused the Pope and made him dispatch this Breue so rashly For that great City Queene of the World and as themselues confesse mystically Babylon cannot but be so full of all sorts of intelligencies Besides all complainers as the Catholikes heere are be naturally giuen to exaggerate their owne griefes and multiply thereupon So that it is no wonder that euen a Iudge sitting there should vpon wrong information giue an vnrighteous sentence as some of their owne partie doe not sticke to confesse that Pius Quintus was too rashly caried vpon wrong information to pronounce his thunder of Excōmunication vpon the late Queene And it may be the like excuse shal hereafter be made for the two Breues which Clemens octauus sent to England immediatly before her death for debarring mee of the Crowne or any other that either would professe or any wayes tollerate the professors of our Religion contrary to his manifold vowes and protestations simul eodem tempore as it were deliuered vno eodem spiritu to diuers of my ministers abroad professing such kindnesse and shewing such forwardnesse to aduance mee to this Crowne Nay the most part of Catholikes heere finding this Breue when it came to their handes to bee so farre against diuinity policy or naturall sense were firmely perswaded that it was but a counterfeit Libel deuised in hatred of the Pope or at the farthest a thing hastily done vpon wrong information as was before saide Of which opinion were not onely the simpler sort of Papists but euen some amongst them of best account both for learning and experience whereof the Arch-priest himselfe was one But for soluing of this obiection the Pope himselfe hath taken new paines by sending foorth a second Breue onely for giuing faith and confirmation to the former That whereas before his sinne might haue beene thought to haue proceeded from rashnesse and mis-information he will now wilfully and willingly double the same whereof the Copie followeth TO OVR BELOued sonnes the English Catholikes Paulus P.P. V ius BEloued Sonnes Salutation and Apostolicall benediction It is reported vnto vs that there are found certaine amongst you who when as wee haue sufficiently declared by our Letters dated the last yeere on the tenth of the Calends of October in the forme of a Breue that ye cannot with safe Conscience take the Oath which was then required of you and when as we haue further straightly commanded you that by no meanes ye should take it yet there are some I say among you which dare now affirme that such Letters concerning the forbidding of the Oath were not written of our owne accord or of our owne proper will but rather for the respect and at the instigation of other men And for that cause the same men do goe about to perswade you that our commands in the said letters are not to be regarded Surely this newes did trouble vs and that so much the more because hauing had experience of your obedience most dearely beloued sonnes who to the end ye might obey this holy Sea haue godlily and valiantly contemned your riches wealth honour libertie yea and life it selfe we should neuer haue suspected that the trueth of our Apostolike letters could once be called into question among you that by this pretence yee might exempt your selues from our commandements But we doe herein perceiue the subtiltie and craft of the enemie of mans saluation and wee doe attribute this your backwardnesse rather to him then to your owne will And for this cause we haue thought good to write the second time vnto you and to signifie vnto you againe that our Apostolike letters dated the last yeere on the tenth of the Calends of October concerning the prohibition of the Oath were written not onely vpon our proper motion and of our certaine knowledge but also after long and weightie deliberation vsed concerning all those things which are conteined in them and for that cause that yee are bound fully to obserue them reiecting all interpretation perswading to the contrary And this is our meere pure and perfect will being alwayes carefull of your saluation and alwayes minding those things which are most profitable vnto you And we doe pray without ceasing that he that hath appointed our lowlines to the keeping of the flocke of Christ would inlighten our thoughts and our counsels whom wee doe also continually desire that hee would increase in you our beloued Sonnes faith constancy and mutuall charity and peace one to another All whom wee doe most louingly blesse with all charitable affection Dated at Rome at Saint Markes vnder the Signet of the Fisherman the x. of the Calends of September 1607. the third yeere of our Popedome THE ANSWERE to the second Breue NOw for this Breue I may iustly reflect his owne phrase vpon him in tearming it to bee The craft of the Deuil For if the Deuil had studied a thousand yeres for to finde out a mischiefe for our Catholikes here hee hath found it in this that now when many Catholiks haue taken their Oath and some Priests also yea the Arch-priest himselfe without compunction or sticking they shall not now onely bee bound to refuse the profession of their naturall Allegiance to their Soueraigne which might yet haue beene some way coloured vpō diuers scruples conceiued vpon the wordes of the Oath but they must now renounce fors●eare their profession of obedience already sworne and so must as it were at the third instance forsweare their former two Oaths first closely sworne by their birth in