which also happens to the two other lower Pairs the Ascending and Transverse are crossed on both sides by the Processes of the Peritonaeum extending themselves to the Testicles but in Women by the Vermiform Ligaments of the Womb which Passage being overmuch widen'd or broken if the Call or Intestines fall upon the Groin or Cod it is the cause of Burstenness They derive Nerves Arteries and Veins from the Intercostal Branches at the upper part V. The Linea Alba is a whitish part running from the Cartilago Mucronata through the middle of the Paunch and Navil to the Os Pubis or Share-bone It has the firm Substance of a Tendon through the Concourse of the Ends of the Tendons of the Descending Ascending Transverse and Pyramidical Muscles of the Abdomen It is broader above the Navil narrower below it and in Women with Child many times it appears of a blewish Colour which Colour it has been known to keep till the third Month after Delivery Riolanus animad in Bauhin seems to believe it to be a peculiar Membrane running out from the Cartilago Mucronata of the Breast through the Navil to the Commissure or joyning of the Share-bone and receiving the Tendons of the Share-bone In the same Animad in Bauhin he affirms the Linea Alba to be imaginary perhaps because that being blind through Age he could no longer discern it VI. The second Pair is constituted by the Muscles obliquely Ascending furnish'd with Ascending Fibres which as they ascend cross the Descending in form of a Letter X. They arise from the Transverse Processes of the Vertebers of the Loyns from whence they receive the Nerves and the Apophyses or going forth of the Os Sacrum but membranous both and the outward fleshy part of the Hip-bone Hence the fleshy Ascending are joyn'd at the top to the Cartilages of the eighth ninth tenth and eleventh Ribs and terminate in the Linea Alba with a broad nervous Tendon crossing the right Muscles and are nourish'd by the little Branches of the Arteries growing from the musculous Artery near the Loyns and casting forth Veins to the musculous Vein Some Anatomists vulgarly hold that these Muscles with a double Tendon enfold the right Muscles Which is not very probable For above the Tendons of the Ascending Muscles rest upon the right Muscles and are so fast interwoven with their Tendony Intersections that they can hardly be separated whole from ' em But in the lower or inner part of the Muscles those Tendons cannot be discover'd and therefore they are deservedly rejected by Vesalius and Riolanus and Lawrentius is justly blam'd by Riolanus for taking notice of 'em in his Sculptures VII The third Pair is that of the Musculi recti so call'd because of the streight Course of the Fibres They are very strong three or four fingers broad and about a finger thick They arise fleshy from each side of the Cartilago Macronata the Breast-bone and the Cartilages of the Ribs where they receive three or four Nerves from the Intercostal parts and so descending directly down and being united almost near the Navil and distinguish'd with two three sometimes four Impressions as it were into several Muscles end at length with a strong thick Tendon in the Share-bones Some Anatomists describe their beginning from the Share-bones and make 'em to end in the Cartilages of the Ribs Others believe that they consist of several Muscles and place their beginnings partly in the Cartilages of the Ribs partly in the Share-bones and make 'em to end at their Intersections and affirm the several parts contained between the Tendon-like Inscriptions to be so many Muscles To which Opinion not improbable Spigelius gives his consent induc'd thereto by this Argument Because they not only receive Nerves from the Intercostals above but also below from the first Pair of the Loyns For it is a perpetual Rule that every Muscle moves toward its beginning But where the Nerve is inserted there as Galen testifies is the beginning of the Muscle See the Reason l. 5. c. 1. but here several Nerves are inserted into their Parts not only above and below but also those which are interspac'd with separate Interfections and therefore there are many beginnings of these Muscles which in regard they cannot be many in one Muscle therefore all the Musculi Recti do not consist of one but of several Muscles Moreover if we consider their primary use which is strongly to press down the Belly for the Expulsion of Ordure and the Birth which Compression and Expulsion does not require that either the Breast-bone should be drawn downward or the Os Pubis upward but that those Bones should remain in their places and that all and every the parts of these Muscles should swell together that so the upper parts of every one should draw upward some parts that are nearest to 'em at the first Intersections the lower parts other parts which are nearest to 'em downwards and that the middle parts lying between the Intersections should draw to themselves the parts that are next 'em on both sides Which Contractions being made by distinct and several Parts to several parts which cannot be done in one Muscle it follows that every single Musculus Rectus must consist not of one but of several Muscles VIII As they receive large Arteries from the Epigastrics ascending and the Mammillary Arteries descending so they send forth a larger sort of Veins to the Epigastric and Mammillary Veins IX These Arteries and Veins at their Ends in the inner part are vulgarly said to joyn together about the middle by Anastomoses one into another So that the Ends of the Epigastricks open into the Ends of the Mammillary Veins whence many derive the Consent and Sympathy of the Dugs with the Womb. But I have always observed these Anastomoses or Openings of one Vein into another to be wanting nor did I ever yet meet with any Body wherein these Ends were not distant one from another the breadth either of a Thumb or a little Finger so that I am certain the Cause of that Consent can by no means proceed from hence Thus Vesalius likwise in Exam. Obs. Fallop writes that he has observed that those Vessels are never so united that it may be said there is any Communication between ' em Bartholin also in dub anat de lact Thorac c. 1. writes that he sought for these Anastomoses in a sound young Woman kill'd six weeks after her Delivery but could find none rather that the Branches ascending and descending were about a fingers breadth distant one from another yet Riolanus defends those Anastomoses most stiffly Anthropog l. 2. c. 8. and asserts that he had shewn 'em to a hundred of his Scholars But for all that I do not give so much credit to his words as I do to my own eyes Perhaps old Riolanus might be dimm-sighted at that time and so perhaps might think he saw what was not to be seen Of these Anastomoses see more
from cluster'd Glandules XXXVI Observe by the way concerning the Lymphatick Vessels lying hid in the lower Belly that if they be broken up by any accident for they are very tender then there happens to be a serous Liquor pour'd forth into the hollow of the Abdomen the increase of which at length insensibly produces that sort of Dropsie call'd Ascites tho' it may also proceed from other Causes In the Year 1658 we dissected a young Woman of four and twenty years of Age which for seventeen years had labour'd under that Distemper call'd Ascites and at length dy'd of it In whom I did not perceive the least desect of her Bowels only that some of the Lymphatic Vessels were broken which was the Cause of the Distemper for in her Childhood she had been cruelly us'd by her Parents who were wont to kick and thump her and those blows occasion'd the breaking of her Lymphatic Vessels Which Suspicion the Humours that were gathered together in the Abdomen did not a little confirm For they appear'd somewhat coagulated in the Body when it was cold tho' it was not come to that consistency of a Gelly as is usually seen in the Lympha when taken out of the Lymphatic Vessels in a Spoon However the reason why she had liv'd so long in Misery was the soundness of her Bowels and for that by reason of the youthful heat of her Body much of the Serous Moisture insensibly flowing into the Concavity of the Abdomen was every day consum'd XXXVII These Vessels being broken sometimes also it happens that the Lymphatic Liquor does not come to be pour'd forth into the Cavity of the Abdomen but flows out between the neighbouring Membranes and that occasions the production of those watry Bladders call'd Hydatides with which the Liver sometimes within sometimes without and sometimes also the Mesentery and other parts in the Abdomen are seen to abound A great number of these Bladders some as big as a Pigeons Egg others as a Hen Egg and many less William Straten at that time Physic and Anatomy Prosessor in our Academy afterwards principal Physician to the Prince of Orange shew'd us in the hollow part of the Liver of a Thief that was hang'd Febr. 1647. We have also shew'd 'em growing sometimes in the Mesentery before the Students in Physic at our Hospital and there also we have seen Livers which withoutside have been cover'd with little Bladders full of Lympid Water of which number some having been lately broken had insus'd a Serous Liquor into the Cavity of the Abdomen and by that means had occasion'd an Ascites Hence I concluded that the Dropsie call'd Ascites is never generated without some Solution of the Continuum of the inner Parts of the Abdomen whatever the Cause of it may be and I thought their Opinion to be rejected that this Disease is begot by the condensation of the Vapours exhaling out of the Internal Parts into Water when that Exhalation in some Men happens to be continual and yet very few come to be troubled with the Ascites Volker Coiter Obser. Chirurg Musc. p. 117. writes that he himself found in the Body of a Phthisical and Dropsical Man the Bowels of the lower Belly wasted and emptied of all their Moisture but little Bladders some bigger some less adhering every where to the Mesentery Peritonaeum Intestines Spleen Liver and all the Bowels and all those little Bladders full of Water The same Case is cited by Cordaeus Com. 5. ad Hipp. de Morb. Mul. XXXVIII Now there may be several Causes for the breaking of these Vessels But besides violent and external Accidents the most frequent Cause is either Corrosion by sharp Humours or else their Obstruction and Compression And for this Reason the Ascites happens to Gluttons and great Drinkers that every day stuff and swill their Guts who from the Crudities hence bred either heap together a great quantity of sharp Humours in the Body or else bring a weakness and obstructions upon the Bowels by which means these little Vessels are either corroded or else compress'd and straiten'd that they cannot carry and discharge their Lymphatic Humour as they were wont to do which therefore flowing out of the Lymphatio Vessels either causes little Membranes among the Bladders or else the covering Membranes being broken it slides into the Concavity of the Abdomen CHAP. XIV Of the Liver I. THe Liver 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Jecur is a remarkable Bowel seated in the right Hypochondrion under the Diaphragma or Midriff of a vast bigness round and smooth in the convex or gibbous part but concave in the lower part where it rests upon the right side of the Stomach II. In Dogs and many other Beasts it is divided into several Lobes but in Man it is contiguous swelling into a little Lobe in the lower simous saddle or flat part It is rarely divided into three Lobes which Iames Sylviâ—…s in Isagoge reports to have seen III. The bigness of the Liver is not the same in all Creatures but according to the proportion of Bodies it is larger in Man than in other Creatures and the natural and ordinary bigness is such that it descends three or four fingers below the Bastard Ribs and extends it self somewhat beyond the pointed Cartilage of the Breast Andrew Laurentius writes that in cowardly People great Drinkers and Gluttons the Liver is thought to be bigger Which Rule however 't is very probable is lyable to many Exceptions In a preternatural Constitution it deviates from its ordinary Magnitude as well in excess as defect In the Year 1660. I dissected a Body wherein the Liver was of that enormous Magnitude that it caus'd Admiration in all the Spectators for below it reached down to the Groyns and extended it self from the right side to the Spleen and so possessed the chiefest part of the whole lower Belly But tho' to the outward view and touch it seem'd to be of a healthy Colour and sound Substance yet we found in the middle of it a large hollowness from whence to the amazement of all the Beholders we took out eleven Market pounds of Matter white well-concocted and without any ill smell Other monstrous large Livers are describ'd by Spigelius Anat. l. 8. c. 12. Riolanus Anthrop l. 2. c. 21. Bartholine Obs. cent 1. hist. 85. and by several others IV. Less frequently is the Liver defective for want of its due proportion And yet we find an Example of that too in Riolanus lib. citat who writes that at Paris in a certain Body was found a Liver that was no bigger than a Kidney and thence he observes out of Avicen that the smalness of the Liver is always noxious but not the bigness How you may guess at the largeness of the Liver by the bigness of the fingers See l. 4. c. 1. V. The Substance of it is soft and ruddy like congeal'd Blood the firmness of which appears nevertheless when
Substance of the Cystis or of its Neck remain beyond the Ligature but that only the common Ductus Cholidochus and the bilary Porus may run directly toward the Intestines and then tying another Knot near the Jejunum a remarkable Quantity of Choler will be collected together and evacuated out of a small Wound made beyond the Ligature in the mid Way which Knot may be several times unty'd that the Porus Bilarius being plentifully fill'd may be emptied again XLIII To which Experiment may be added three or four Observations of Riolanus Anthropog l. 2. c. 22. From whence it appears as plain as Day that the Choler flowing from the Gall-bladder never ascends thorough the Bilary Porus to the Liver And that no Choler often descends from the bladder yet in the interim flows in great quantity from the Liver through the Poras Communis to the Intestines and therein if it be endu'd with bad qualities produces Diarrhoeas Dysenteries the Disease Cholera cruel Gripings and other Distempers XLIV Concerning the use of the Bladder there have been hitherto great Disputes among the most Eminent Doctors Aristotle thought it to be separated from the Blood as a meer noxious Excrement whose Opinion is followed by many And hence it is that Bauhinus Anat. l. 1. c. 45. makes a doubt whether the Collection of the Choler in the Bladder be necessary to Life when the ancients affirm'd the cause of long life to be the emptiness of the Gall-bladder deducing their Argument from Harts that have no Gall and yet live long Haly Abbas and Avicen say that it heats and strengthens the Liver and helps its Concoction Zirbus writes that it defends the Liver and other parts from Putrefaction Which Opinion tho' it be exploded by Vesalius yet does it not displease Riolanus Helmont asserts it to be the Balsom of the Liver and all the Blood Glisson asserts that it does not only preserve the Liver from Putrefaction but prevents its Obstructions purifies the Blood and hinders its Coagulation Veslingius also says that it preserves the very Chylus from Putrefaction Many Neoterics according to the Opinion of Galen have design'd only to promote the Evacuation of the Excrements out of the Guts which Bartholine says are thereby made fluid and fit for motion And thus all have made a doubt concerning the Use of this Noble Juice which is found to be wanting in no Man and which no Man can live without and of which Fernelius writes that many People have dy'd in whom there has been found no other cause of their Death than that the Gall-bladder was altogether empty of Gall. XLV Manifest therefore it is that Choler has a more noble Use than hitherto has been ascrib'd to it by Physicians and Philosophers And indeed the chiefest Use of it is to be serviceable to Fermentation Of which more at large c. 17. CHAP. XVI Of the Spleen I. THE Spleen call'd by the Latines Splen by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is an Organic Part or Bowel seated in the left Hypochondrium under the Diaphragma between the Stomach and the Ribs II. It is very rare or rather prodigious as both Aristotle and Pliny testifie that the Spleen should change places with the Liver that is that this should be in the left and the other in the right Hypochondrium which nevertheless has been observ'd by Cornelius Gemma and Talentonius And such an unusual Accident Cattierus describes and Bartholine relates two or three Histories to the same purpose Observat Anat. Rar Cent. 2. Hist. Also it is as unusual for the Spleen to be wanting which defect nevertheless Hollerias reports that he saw in a certain Woman and was found in Ortelius as has been said c. 14. Andrew Laurentius also makes mention of a Body dissected at Paris that had no Spleen in which the Splenetick Branch ended in a small Glandulous Body Thus Kerckringius in his Anat. Observ. writes that in two Births dissected at Amsterdam he observ'd the Spleen to be wanting Aristotle also testifies that the Spleen is wanting in several Creatures L. 3. de part Animal All Creatures saith he that have Blood have a Liver but all have not a Spleen And c. 24. All most perfect Creatures only have a Spleen Thus Riolanus following Aristotle's Opinion Creatures that have none or very small Lungs have none or a very small Spleen Ent also in Apolog. writes that he has observ'd several Birds to have no Spleen III. In Men it is generally but one and seldom exceeds that number Nevertheless Cabrolius Observ. 15. as also Posthius and Dominic de Marchettis have foâ—…nd two Fallopius observes in Observ. that he has seen three frequently in Dogs there are two not so often three unequal in bigness out of each of which there is a vessel extended to the Splenetick branch And the same thing perhaps may fall out in other Creatures For Aristotle de Generat Animal l. 4. c. 4. writes that some brute Creatures have a double Spleen and that some have none at all IV. The Convex part of it is knit to the Diaphragma not so fast and tite as the Liver but superficially as also to the left Kidney by small membranous Fibres springing from the Peritonaeum And yet in Novemb. 1668. we found so fast a Connexion of it to the Diaphragma the left Kidney and the left Lobe of the Liver extended so far that the Connexion could hardly be sever'd without dilaceration but this rarely happens The flat part adheres to the Caul and the adjoyning Parts and being so bound in sane bodies seldom descends beyond the lowest Rib but the Ligaments being loosen'd it is felt in a lower place to the great disturbance of health but the Ligaments being quite broken somtimes it slides down into the Hypogastriâ—…m which Cabrolius observ'd to have happened to a certain Noble Man whose Spleen swam upon the whole Concavity of his belly And which by Riolanus was seen in a Parisian Woman whose Spleen rested upon her Womb and for two years deceiv'd the Physicians who took it for a Mole whereas when the dead body was open'd the cause of the Swelling and the Womans Death were both found together to have proceeded from the Spleens being fall'n down out of its place V. The bigness of the Spleen in Men is various according to the diversity of Bodies and Constitutions For generally it is six Inches long three broad and about the thickness of the Thumb Iâ—… diseased bodies it sometimes grows to an enormous bigness so that its protuberancy beyond the Ribs may be both felt and seen Theâ—… that inhabit moist Regions and Fenny Places have large Spleens Lindan reports also That the Common People of Friezland that use for their common Drink sowre Butter-milk have great Livers In the Year 1657. I dissected a body wherein I found a four square hard Spleen about the bigness of a mans head Fernelius also writes that there was a Liver seen that
in the Neck or Sheath of the womb or else stop if that fermentative quality be not yet come to such a perfection as to raise such an Effervescency in the Blood XX. Now what this Uterine Ferment is and where it is generated which provokes that Effervescency of the Blood at prefix'd monthly periods in empty women but very seldom in women with child has been but little inquired into as yet We shall suspend our Judgment in this particular by reason of the obscurity of the thing and yet we leave it to be consider'd whether the fermentaceous Matter in the Spleen Liver Sweetbread and Glandules and other parts and carried with the Blood through the Arteries to the womb and there some part of it being left and collected together by degrees for you shall always find a viscous slimy Humour in the dissected wombs of empty women gains some peculiar quality from a certain specific property of the womb which provokes that specific fermentation as the same Matter is endu'd with a peculiar quality in the Stomach to extract the Chylus out of the Nourishment by means of which that Humour in healthy People being matur'd to that volatility in a Months space to boyl of it self the whole body of the woman but especially those parts next the womb are put into a Commotion and the superfluous or boyling blood dilating the swelling Orifices of the Vessels is thrust forth and that same quality or just volatility of the said fermentaceous Humour ceasing the menstruous evacuation also ceases as in women with child and women that have lain long sick XXI Aristotle not understanding this ferment of the womb and the thence proceeding effervescency of the Blood asserts that womens flowers are provok'd by the influence and motion of the Moon Which Opinion with his leave stands upon no Foundation or rather is plainly contrary to Reason for according to that Opinion all women would have their flowers at the same time and they would only flow at that certain time wherein the Moon being mov'd to that determin'd point of Heaven caus'd that specific influence whereas during the whole monthly Course of the Moon there is not any day nor any hour wherein here and there over the whole world innumerable women are not troubled with their flowers XXII Vain is also their Opinion who believe the monthly Courses to be mov'd by the redundant blood collected in the Vessels of the womb in regard those Vessels are not able to contain so great a quantity of blood as is evacuated every period Or if they should collect it by degrees and so reserve it for a Month they must be strangely swell'd whereas it is apparent by inspection in dissected Bodies tho' plethoric dying at the very instant of their monthly evacuations or when it began to happen that there appears then no more unusual swelling of the womb than at another time Add to this that in lean women frequently given to fast in whom there is no such redundancy of blood nevertheless the flowers have their usual Course Lastly the continual circulation of the blood does not permit such a stagnation in the Vessels of the womb which if it should happen the blood would there be in danger of a suddain Putrefaction and would afflict the woman long before the time of her Evacuation with most terrible Symptoms and Effects whereas the menstruous blood is not putrid not differs in it self in goodness from the rest of the blood This is confirm'd by the testimony of the fam'd Hippocrates But the blood says he gushes out as from a Sacrifice and is quickly congeal'd if the woman be healthy Which Aristotle also asserts in these words And those which are call'd flowers gush forth which is as it were the blood of a Creature newly kill'd I say of it self because if in some it be vitious sharp noysom to the smell or otherwise corrupted when it is evacuated it has not that imperfection in it self but contracts it from the vitious nastiness bred and remaining in a distemper'd and sickly womb or else at the time of the menstruous Effervescency flowing from other parts to this same Sink together with the blood and vitiating the blood by its mixture And this is the meaning of Hippocrates where he says and it corrodes the Earth like Vinegor and gnaws whereever it touches the woman and exulcerates the womb Certain therefore it is that the monthly Courses are provok'd into motion by the foresaid Effervescency of the blood fermenting in the Vessels of the womb Which Effervescency if sometimes it be occasion'd not by the foresaid Uterine ferment alone but by other Causes then sometimes it happens that the Courses are still in motion beyond the ordinary Period as often happens in the Small Pox malignant and burning Fevers c. XXIII There also belong to the upper parts of the womb small little Nerves rising from the inner Branch of the sixth Pair to the middle and lower parts little Branches proceeding from the Nerves of the Os Sacrum XXIV The office of the womb is to receive the Seed of the man and to preserve and cherish the womans Eggs till the Birth be form'd and being brought to maturity and wanting more Air to thrust it forth into the world Moreover it is ordain'd for another secondary use that is the Purgation of the womans body Which two offices Aretaeus comprehends in three words A womans womb says he is useful for Birth and Purgation XXV The womb is therefore a part necessary for Generation but thence there is no Conclusion to be drawn that it is a part necessarily conducing to the life of a woman seeing that a woman way live without a womb as is apparent in them whose womb slipping out is not only ulcerated and corrupted by the external cold but also cut out and yet upon the growing up of a Cartilaginous Substance consolidating within the hole of the womb cut off the same women have liv'd in health for many years and more than that have lain with their Husbands and almost with the same pleasure as if they had a womb of which there are sundry Examples cited by several Physicians of great Reputation XXVI But seeing that the womb is a part most necessary to Generation wherein the Conception ought to be made and the Birth form'd the Question is Whether by any specific power or faculty the forming of the Birth be there brought to perfection To which I answer Negatively for that the forming power is in the Seed and the womb contributes no more to the Generation of Man than the Earth to the Generation of Plants that is to say it affords a secure Harbour for the Seed and the Eggs temperate and sufficient nourishment XXVII Now tho' it were held for a thing undoubted and unquestionable by all the Ancients without exception that the Office of conceiving wholly belong'd to the womb and that the Birth could not be
wholesom what shall we say to a Birth of nine Months which however is no Critical Month and yet most frequent and most wholesom What to the Tenth Month Certainly there is no Effervescency of the Body of the Infant as there is of the Humours which boyl at certain times and break forth Critically And therefore since there is no solid Effervescency in the solid parts of the Birth neither is there here any bad or good season of Critical Evacuations to be observed and thence no reason that Children born in the eighth Month should be thought less likely to live than those that are born in the seventh seeing that dayly Experience teaches us how that Children born in the eighth Month live as well as they that are born in the seventh For if they are born in the seventh Month and can be ripe so soon why not in the eighth why shall not the latter brook the Violence of the Air and the change of Nourishment as well as the former rather why not better seeing they are more mature In vain do many here alledge the great toil and tumbling of the Birth in the seventh Month more than in other Months by which he is so weakened and tvr'd that he cannot brook the Labour of Expulsion in the Eighth for these are idle Dreams refuted by the Women themselves who assure us that they perceive that extraordinary Motion no more in the seventh than in the sixth or eighth As vainly others fly to the numbers of Days Hours and Minutes confining the Exit of the Child to certain numbers when the incertainty of the days of delivery frequently delude those Numbers Lastly the Astrologers in vain endeavour to reconcile this matter by the benigne or malign aspects of Saturn as if Saturn rul'd always or at least that there were no Children born in the eighth Month but under his Reign whereas such Births frequently happen under the Dominion of other Benign Planets which seem to be secured from Saturn's Injuries by their Clemency and Benignity Besides Asto the Influences of the Stars how unknown and meerly conjectural they are not only the fallacious uncertain and contrary Judgments of Astrologers so frequent in their Writings demonstrate and of what little Prevalency and Efficacy they are experience teaches so that whether they have any power over things here below is not without reason questioned by many And hence though many in explaining the meaning of Hippocrates Concerning the Children born in the eighth Month by him pronounced short-liv'd have laboured very much and have studyed to underprop and adorn his Sentence with many fictions and pretences of Truth yet not only frequent and daily Observation but the Authority and Experience both of the Ancients and Moderns overturns all they have rear'd beyond the Limits of Greece For Galen says they are in a very great Errour that will not acknowledge the eighth Month for a due and natural time of delivery In like manner Aristotle asserts that Children born in the eighth Month live and grow up Nevertheless he adds that the words of Hippocrates may be interpreted in the best Sence But many dye in several places of Greece so that very few are preserved So that if any one there doth live he is not thought to be born in the eighth Month but that the Woman has mistaken her reckoning Pliny writes that in Egypt and Italy Children born in the eighth Month do live contrary to the Opinion of the Ancients and that Vastilia was happily brought to bed of Caesonia afterwards the Wife of Caius Among our Modern Authors Bonaventure saw three safe that were born in the eighth Month. So it is credibly reported that the Learned Vincent Pinelli together with his Sister were born Twins in the eighth Month as was also Cardinal Sfondrati and both his Sons Cardan brings five Examples of great Men all born in the eighth Month who lived and asserts moreover that in Egypt generally they live that are born in the eighth Month. Which if it has befallen so many Princes we may easily conjecture that the same as frequently happen among the ordinary People who seldom reckon so exactly Riolanus relates that in the Iland Naxus the Women are usually brought to bed in the eighth Month and Avicen gives the same Relation of the Spanish Women We find the same to be true in Holland and that it is so likewise in France England Scotland and all the Northern Countries is very probable because we never hear of any complaint against the eighth Month in any of those places V. Now the reason why some are born in the seventh some in the eighth and others in the ninth Month is to be ascribed to the difference of Regions Seasons Dyet Passions of the Mind Temperament of the Seed Womb and Woman her self by means whereof the heat of the Womb increases sometimes later and sometimes sooner So that sometimes there is need of a swifter sometimes a slower Ventilation Paulus Zachias seems to accuse Hippocrates and Aristotle of a Mistake for appointing so many uncertain limits for sound Delivery and believes that there is a certain time for the Delivery of Men as well as of Beasts that is to say the end of the ninth and beginning of the tenth and that all other Births either on this side or on that side are all preternatural occasion'd by some Morbifick Cause which is the reason of so many weak and distempered Children Which if it were true in those that are born before the nine Month Term then certainly the Mother or the Child would be affected with some Morbifick cause either before or after the Birth whereas in Children that come in the seventh Month which frequently happens any such bad affection rarely happens but that the Mother and the Child equally do well as if the Birth had bin delay'd till the end of the ninth Month nor is the Child more sickly or weaker than those that are born at the end of the ninth Month which are many times as sickly and weak as those that are born in the seventh Now as to those that are born beyond that Term it has been controverted among several whether any such thing happen and whether a Woman bring forth after that time In the mean while it is a Rule hitherto held certain environ'd with many probable reasons and the Authority of great Men that some Women may be brought to bed in the eleventh twelfth thirteenth and fourteenth Month and that the Children are duly born by reason of the weakness of the Infant or the Mother the Coldness of the Womb scarcity of Nourishment or some such like cause which may occasion Nature to delay the Appointed time of Birth as many famous Philosophers have perswaded themselves and others Hippocrates expresly asserts that Children are born in the eleventh Month. Aristotle admits the eleventh and no farther They that lye longer than the eleventh Month seem to lye hid that is that the Mother has
forc'd in at the upper part out of the Syringe I say through the Pores because there is no need of middle pipes to convey the Water into the lower Pipes for that the Pores of the Spunge afford a sufficient passage But if these Pores are streightned and the lower Pipes are contracted by any Accident that the Water cannot pass equal in quantity and swiftness then the Spunge receiving more than it can transmit begins to swell and consequently the loose piece of Leather wherein it is wrapt becomes distended hard and tumid The same will happen if any viscous Matter be forc'd through the Syringe into the Spunge by which the Pores and Passages are stopt up for then receiving much more than it can well discharge of necessity it will rise into a Tumor He that will apply this Similitude to the Body of Man will find the Circulation of the Blood to be occasion'd in like manner through the Pores of the Substance and hence perceive the Cause of most Swellings XIV There is an extraordinary and manifold necessity of this Circulation 1. Seeing that the Blood being once discharg'd into the Parts the farther off it flows from the Hearth of its Fire is so much the more refrigerated and less a part for nourishment there is a necessity of its return to the Fountain of heat the Heart to be again new warm'd and attenuated therein which return is occasion'd by this Circulation 2. Without this Circulation neither could the Blood be forc'd to the Parts that are to be nourish'd nor could that which remains after nourishment together with the Chylus be carry'd back to the Heart 3. By means of this all the Particles of the Blood are made fit for nourishment by degrees and according to a certain order For there being no long Concoction in the Heart but only a certain swift Dilatation therefore the Chylus upon its first passage through the Heart does not acquire the absolute perfection of Blood but at several passages sometimes these sometimes those Particles become more subtile and fit for nourishment 4. By the help of this Circulation the virtue of Medicines taken and apply'd is carry'd through the whole Body or the greatest part thereof 5. By means of this the Blood is in continual motion and preserv'd from congealing and putrifying 6. By means of this we come to the knowledge of many Diseases concerning which in former time many Disputes have arisen among Physicians 7. By means of this Physicians also understand how to undertake the Cures of most Diseases whereas formerly they only proceeded by uncertain Conjecture There is no necessity that I should here refute in particular the vain Arguments of Primrosius Parisianus and others who stifly endeavour to oppose this Circulation and uphold the darkness of former Ages remitting the Readers that desire to be more particularly inform'd of these things to Ent Highmore and several others who make it their Business to refute the Arguments of such as uphold the contrary Opinion XV. But here remain two more Doubts 1. Whether the Chylus circulates through the whole Body 2. Whether the Serum circulates in like manner I answer That as to the Chylus so long as it is not within the command of the Heart and before it has enter'd the Veins it is not forc'd by the beating of the Heart and consequently does not circulate Thus the Chylus contain'd in the Milky Mesenteric and Pectoral Vessels is thrust forward by the compressure of the Muscles and other parts but is not mov'd further forward by the beating of the Heart so long as it has not enter'd the Veins So the Chylus falling out of the Milky Vessels into the Breasts circulates no farther but like Milk is either suckt or flows of its own accord out of the Teats But if any part of it there enter the Mamillary Veins that same still retaining the form of Milk or Chylus is convey'd together with the Vein-Blood to the Heart wherein being dilated presently it loses the form of Chylus or Milk and assumes the form of Blood at first more crude or less spirituous but afterwards to be more and more perfected by several passages ' through the Heart And so it does not circulate through the whole Body in the form of Chylus but in the form of Blood having no manner of similitude with the Chylus Whence it comes to pass that there is no Chylus to be found or that can be found in the Arteries In like manner neither does the Chylus circulate in Women with Child toward the Cheese-cake or Amnion As neither does it in some Women not with Child but flowing likewise to the Womb is corrupted and putrefies about the Womb and flows forth with more or less ill smell according as its Corruption is more or less Which is most probable to be the most obvious Cause of Uterine Fluxes Also the Chylus that sometimes flows to the Urinary Bladder cannot circulate All which things being consider'd we must conclude at once that the Chylus does not circulate through the whole Body but that entring the Veins it retains the form of Chylus only so far as the Heart and there loses its form upon the dilatation As for the Serum this is also to be said that it does not circulate but when it enters the Blood-bearing Vessels For no Humors circulate by virtue of the beating of the Heart till after they have enter'd the Limits of the Heart's Command and become subject to its Motion But so long as they acknowledge any other Mover such as are the Peristaltic Motion of the Stomach Guts and other parts and the compressure of the Abdomen c. they never circulate As the Serum when having pass'd beyond the Bounds of the Heart's Empire it falls into the Ureters and Bladder And the Flegmatic Lympha when separated from the Blood of the Choroidal Fold it comes to be deposited in the Ventricles of the Brain circulates no more tho' it circulated before when it was mix'd with the Blood CHAP. IX Of the Parts of the Heart See the 9th Table I. IN the Heart are these Parts to be specially consider'd Two little Ears two Ventricles with a middle Septum that distinguishes them eleven Valves and four large Vessels of which two adhere to the Right Ventricle the hollow Vein of the Pulmonary Artery and two adhere to the Left Ventricle the Pulmonary Vein and the Aorta Artery Now let us us see in what Order the making of that enlivening Nectar proceeds in this Ware-house of Sanguification To which purpose we shall produce the several Parts in that Order as Nature makes Use of 'em in the execution of this Office II. The Little Ears are as it were Appendixes to the Heart seated on both sides at the Basis of the Heart before the Orifices of the Vessels carrying the Matter to the Ventricles and from some sort of likeness to the Ears call'd the Little Ears of the Heart III. They
and Authors report that some Pounds of the seminal Matter has been taken out of the Testicles of one who died of that Distemper I have seen several who have had that Disease of which two of them dyed by the force of the Malady I desired them both to be opened which was done And in both the Testicles were extreamly swell'd In the first the right Testicle as bigg as twice a mans Fist doubled and being opened there was near â—… Pint of seminal Matter which ran and was squeezed out of it In the other the right Testicle in like manner was tumified and is big again as the former and as black as Soot stinking extreamly so that the Surgeon judged it a Gangreen Salmon Womens Testicles were made for absulute Necessity What this Necessity is A Comparison between the Womb and the Earth Why a Woman does not conceive every time she is lain with The Male Seed is that without which there can be no Generation Whether the Womans Seed be the cause of Formation It follows not that the Womans Seed affords any Power to form the Birth Three other more weighty Arguments The Male Seed does not proceed into Act unless there be a fit ferment mixed with it The Answer to the former Arguments To the first Argument Answer to the second Argument Answer to the third Argument Another 〈◊〉 An Answer thereâ—…o * Gen. 30. The Opinion of Consentinus and Deusingius confuted The Opinion of Swammerdam refuted Whether the Seed of women be a Matter necessary for Generation The Seed of the Woman contains in it self no forming power The Opinion of Hippocrates The Opinion of Veslingius Harvey's Opinion At what Age the Seed is generated The growth of the Body whence Why Children do not generate Seed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Why gelded Animals grow fat An Observation in gelt Deer In gelt Persons or Beasts the Spirits become less sharp and subtle and so less fit for animal Actions Why fat People less fit for Venery Why in a Plethory the Body becomes unweildy weak slothful drowsy sleepy c. Conception Where it is made The Orifice of the Womb must be closed after Conception Whether the Seed of both Sexes concurs Aristotle's Opinion about the menstruous Blood exploded The deteâ—…sion of the Seed The Colliquation of the Seed In the small Bubble only is the forming of the Embryo Delineation performed solely by the Seed Aristotle's Errour in affirming that all the parts are form'd not out of the Seed but out of the Blood There can be no blood before the Organ that makes the blood is form'd It is a peculiar and appropriated 〈◊〉 that is requisite for the Embryo How the residue of the mans Seed enters the Bubble A twosold 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Blood bred in the Heart cleaves to the small Fibres of the Parts First of the Heart then of the Liver Lungs Kidneys Stomach Muscles c. The Heart acts sanguifies and beats first of all How the Embryo is nourished Whether the Seed 〈◊〉 ouâ—… 〈◊〉 after 〈◊〉 Harvey's Opinion that the Seed flows out again Deusingius his Opinion Harvey deluded both himself and Deusingius Harvey's Experiments examin'd first that the Seed might fall out and so no conception That Harvey's Experiments prove not what he labours to maintain The Seed after Conception flows not out of the womb Thâ—… Fâ—…tus is form'd of the Seed and nourish'd by the same The Birth is form'd in the Bubble The time of Formation First History The Second History The Third The fourth The vanity of some men who pretend to shew dry'd Abortments since scarce any thing can be discern'd before the fortieth day The Birth not form'd of the whole mass of Seed First Observation concerning the Bubblâ—… of Riolanus The discourse concerning the Bubble illustrates the Proposition The second Observation of Riolanus The third Observation The fourth Observation The Colliquated Matter Bubble proceeds both from the man and womans Seed In one Birth but one only Bubble In what Order the Parts are form'd All the Parts form'd together An Objection here answered Whether the Brain in the Embryo makes animal Spirits and performs animal Actions Whether the Child in the Womb sleeps and wakes Another 〈◊〉 What is the Architectonic Vertue What the Architectonic Power iâ—… various Opinions about it The opinion of the Platonists Plotinus makes a distinction between the Architectonic Vertue and the Platonic Soul of the World Opinions concerning this Plastic Vertue Whence the Seed has its Soul An objection that the forms of animated Being are indivisible answered How Aristotle and his Followers are to be understood Whether that Soul which forms the Birth be in the Man's Seed only or in the Womans also The Opinion of Parisanus â—…hether 〈◊〉 Soul be Rational See also Bartholinus's Anatomic Controversies upon the same Subject The Soul not ex traduce That the Soul is not Rational The Rational Soul not present when the parts were first delineated * This savours too much of Calvin's Doctrine for the usual Doctrines of Original Sin are made the great foundation of that horrible Proposition concerning Reprobation the consequences of which reproach God with Injustice they charge God foolishly and deny his Goodness and his Wisdom in many Instances For as a learned Divine of the Church of England says 1. If God decrees us to be born sinners Then he makes us to be sinners and then where is his Goodness 2. If God damns any for that he damns us for what we could not help and for what himself did and then where is his Iustice 3. If God sentence us to that damnation which he cannot in justice inflict where is his Wisdom 4. If God for the sin of Adam brings upon us a necessity of sinning where is our Liberty and why is a Law imposed against sin 5. If God does cast Infants into Hell for the sin of others and yet did not condemn devils but for their own sin where is his Love to Mankind 6. If God cause the damnation of so many millions of persons who are no sinners on their own stock and yet swears that he desireth not the death of a sinner where then is his Mercy and where his Truth 7. If God has given us a Nature by derivation which is wholly corrupted then how can it be that all which God made is Good where then is his Providence and Power and where the Glory of the Creation But since God is all Goodness and Iustice and Wisdom and Love and that he governs all things and all men wisely and holily and that he gives us a wise Law and binds that Law on us by Promises and Threatnings I think there is reason to assert these things to the Glory of the Divine Majesty Thus far that excellent Person Salmon The Corporeal Soul makes Conclusions and acts after its own manner but far inferior to the Rational Soul The Matter illustrated from Holy Scripture An Answer to such as object that there cannot
be two Souls in Man The sensitive Soul what The Architectonic or Vegetative Soul subsists in a Man with the Rational Soul The Seat of the Vegetable Soul where Whether in some parts more than in others Willis not congruous in this matter to Reason What the Vegetative Soul is This Soul is the vivific Spirit produced out of Corporeal Matter The Opinion of Regius Willis's Opinion Willis Refated Willis his Explanation of this Soul The Authors Animadversions The form of the Soul is different from the Matter it inhabits Willis his little diminutive Soul Willis his Absurdity The Affections or Passions of the Soul Whether the Soul be nourish'd What this Life or Soul is the Philosophers ignorant The Uterine Liver The Definition It s Original When the Umbilical Vessels begin to grow Harvey's Observations of the beginning of the Placenta in 〈◊〉 Abortive Whether coagulated Blood Aquapendeat's Opinion The number of Placenta's It s Substance It s Colour Shape and bigness The Superficies The Ingress of the Navel Its Vessels Whether any Anastomoses between the Vessels of the Womb and Cheese-cake Wharton's Opinion Whether any Veins and Arteries in the 〈◊〉 Whether any Nerves in the Cheescake The Place of Adhesion The Opinions of the Ancients Opinion The Name deriv'd What the Cotyledons are In what Creatures to be seen Cotyledons in Brutes The use of the Placenta in Women The Placenta supplies the Office of some other Bowels Why the Placenta sticks to the Womb. An Objection The Blood flows from the Womb into the Uterine Liver A Watery Milky juice flows from the Womb to the Amnion Secundines The Chorion The Urinary Membrane Amnios The Caul on the Head The Conâ—…tion of the Membranes in Twins The reason thereof and of monstrous Births The Original of these Membranes Their true Original Alantoides What it is Iâ—…s Origiâ—…al Situation It s vse It s Shape and Bigness Whether any Allantois in Women A milkie Liquor within the Amnion The Filth sticking to the Birth What the Liquor in the Amnion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 iâ—… bâ—… 〈◊〉 Wâ—… Sâ—… Whether any Steam It is an Alimentary Humour What sort of Liquor it is Whether it proceed from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoboken's Opinion A Difficulty concerning the milkie Uterine Vessels and the Umbilicals Vanhorn observ'd 2 milkie Branches descend towards the great Artery c. Curveus hiâ—… mistake The passage of the Iuice Ent's Opinion confuted That this milky Iuice does not come from the Breasts The Opinion of Veslingius touching the use of this Iuice The Amnios Urinary Membrane and Chorion stick close one to another The Opiâ—…ion of Riolanus The urinâ—…ceous Humour sepâ—…rated from the Liquor of the Amnios in Brutes where it is collected iâ—… the Alantois What the Serous Humour is The mistake of Deusingius The mistake of Riolanus The Name The Naâ—…el what it is It s Situâ—…tion Its Vessels The Umbilical Vein The Use. Its Valves The Error of Courâ—…eus The Umbilical Vein in Brutes The Umbilical Arteries These Arteries hard to be found in the Embryo for the first Months yet form'd and grow together The Use. The motion of the Blood through the Navel No Anastomoses No Union of the Umbilical Veins with the Arteries The Umbilical Vessels do not rise from the Uterines Whether form'd before the Heart How these Vessels pâ—… through the Membranes Dorsal Roots The Urachus or Urinary Vessel It is pervious in large brute Animals How it is observed in Mankind Why it is not conspicuous without the Abdomen Observation The Urine flows from the Birth through the Urachus Bartholin in an Error The Opinion of Courveus The Opinion of Maurocordatus The Pipe of the Navel-string Some few Nerves Knots like little Bladders full of a whitish Iuice Predictions from thence The cutting of the Navel-string When cut to be left of a just Length The Nourishment of the Birth in the Womb. First Digression The Birth is nourished by the Mouth and Navel Nourishâ—…nt by Apposition Nutrition by the Mouth and Navel The proof of Nouâ—…ishment by Apposition Proof of Nourishment at the Mouth Observation An Argument from sucking Confirm'd by Hippocrates With what matter it was nourished at Mouth Taken in by degrees and swalloâ—…ed not forc'd A Question The proof of Nutrition by the Umbilical Blood It is carryed in the same manner in a Chicken Riolanus deceived Whether Tapping iâ—… a Dropsie may not more safely be done in the Navel it self In what the difference consists Variety in the whole Difference in the Head Difference in the Breast Difference in the lower Belly Difference in the Ioynts How the Birth is contained in the Womb. The Inversion of the Birth Change of Situation The Opinion of Fernelius Digression How long the Birth remains in the Womb. Children born within the sixth Month. Children born in the fifth Month. They cannot live that are born in the eighth Month according to Hippocrates The reason of the variety in the time of Delivery Paulus Zachias Learned Men too much deceived by old Womens Tales Error in Womens Reckonings What happens near the time of Delivery The cause of Expulsion A natural Birth Unnatural Nature expels the Birth out of the Womb through the Uterine Sheath Something 's admirable to be observed The cause of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Not the narrowness of the place Not the Corruption of Nourishment Not defect of Nourishment Whether abundance of Excrements The true cause A Similitude The 〈◊〉 of Refreshment and Respiration is the cause of Calcitration The Opiâ—…on of Harvey and two Questions Harvey's other Question That Birth may live a while without Respiration An Objection All in an Error who write of Respiration and crying in the Womb. The cause of 〈◊〉 and dead Births The Breast The strusture of it The Figure The largeness of it It s Division Containing parts The proper The contained parts Their place The names The bigness A consideration of the bigness Their number Their Situation The shape and colour Glandules A large Glandule The Teat Where the Milky Chanels terminate The exquisite sense of the Teat It s Colour It s bigness The Areola Vessels Nerves Arteries Veins 〈◊〉 Lymphaticks Lymphatick Vessels The Milky Vessels Whether the Chylus be carryed through the Arteries to the Breasts The Office First digression Milk what The matter of Milk Whether out of Menstruous Blood Absurdities from the former Opinions Whether out of Alimentary Blood An Objection Why the Veins swell in the Breast Whether made of crude Blood Whether out of the Arterious Nervous Blood Whether out of the Serum Whether out of Fat. The Chyle is the Matter of Milk How the Chylus is chang'd into Milk The Milky Iuice made more perfect Why the Milk fails in Effusions of the Blood Why Women that give Suck want their Courses Mesue's Story Whether the Animal Spirits be the Matter of Milk A notable Question The true Cause An Observation Why the Milk increases the fourth day after child-birth A Question Why the Breasts are dry'd up upon weaning What
more juicy fort of Meats when the chiefest part of the Food not being yet turn'd into Chyle still remain'd in the Ventricle LIX Hence appears the mistake of many Physicians who thought that the Nourishment which was first eaten was first discharg'd out of the Stomach those things which were last eaten were last parted with And hence they have been very careful to prescribe an Order in Feeding as to eat those things which are of easie Concoction first and those things which are hard of Digestion last for fear of begetting Crudities through a preposterous Order in Feeding according to the Admonitions of Fernelius 3. de Sympt Caus. c. 1. 5. Pathol. c. 3. Mercurialis 3. Prax. c. 12. Sennertus 3. Prax. part 1. Sect. 2. c. 9. and of many others Certainly whatever Variety is received into the Stomach is confus'd mix'd and jumbled together and that by Fermentation by which the spiritous and thin Particles spread themselves and free themselves from the dissolv'd thicker Substances and so the thick being stirr'd and agitated together with the thin by that motion there is made a Mixture of all together of all which Mass that which is sufficiently digested passes through the Pylorus that which requires farther Concoction remains of a harder Substance in the Stomach LX. Here three hard Questions are to be examined in their Order First Whether if Hunger be occasion'd by the acid fermentaceous Particles creating a troublesome Vellication in the Stomach what is the Cause of that which is call'd Pica or a deprav'd Appetite as when People long for Chalk Oatmeal Lime and the like Secondly Whether in a Dyspepsie or difficulty of Digestion and Fermentation in the Guts Choler can be bred in the Stomach such as is evacuated upward and downward in the Disease call'd Cholera Thirdly Whether the whole Chyle when concocted on the Stomach fall into the Intestines LXI As to the first The Cause of a deprav'd Appetite call'd Pica and Malacia seems to us not to have been by any person sufficiently explain'd when as the affect it self is a thing to be admir'd in regard the force of it is such especially in Virgins and Women for men are seldom troubled with it that they will often with a wonderful desire covet Meal Chalk Tobacco-pipes Dirt Coals Lime Tarr raw Flesh Fruits and other strange things altogether unfit for Nourishment as live Fish the fleshy and brawny part of the Members of a living Man and Stones as Sennertus reports that he knew a Woman that swallowed every day two pound of a Grindstone till she had at length devour'd it all besides several other Precedents cited by Physicians and what daily occurs to our Observation Now they generally affirm the Cause of this Mischief to be the deprav'd Humours contain'd in the Ventricle which according to their various Natures excite in some a various Appetite to this in others to that whether bad or good in some to dissimilar noxious things in others to similar as the vitious Humours according to their different qualifications variously tear move the little Fibres of the Nerves of the Ventritle by the peculiar Motion of which communicated to the Brain there arises the same Motion in an instant in the Brain by which a peculiar Appetite is stirred up to this or that thing Francis de le Boe Sylvius Prax. l. 1. c. 2. as also in the Dictates of the Private Colledge assembled in the Year 1660. going about to explain this thing more particularly asserts that the Cause of this deprav'd Appetite is a vitious Ferment of the Stomach corrupted either by the vitious Nourishment Physic or Poyson swallow'd down or by several Diseases especially such as are incident to Women infecting the whole Mass of Blood then the Spittle and lastly the Ferment of the Ventricle and disposing 'em to an ill habit But if this formal Reason be of any force let us from thence also ask this Question Why such an Appetite coveting this unusual Dyet is also to be found in those who are troubled with no vitious Humours in the Stomach as I have sometimes found by Experience tho' I cannot deny but that there may be now and then for all that some ill Humours in the Stomach Wherefore in a Man whose Ferment and Ventricle are without fault meerly upon the wistful looking upon some Picture sometimes of Fish sometimes of Fruits or other things not fit for Dyet shall find himself to have a strong Stomach for these things in the same manner as the looking upon the Picture of a naked Venus excites many Men to Venery What and of what sort must be the Nature and admirable Quality that must so move the little Fibres of the Nerves and the Brain that by reason of that special Motion there must be an Appetite to Grindstones Tobacco-pipes Coals c. which there is no body but knows can never be desir'd as a remedy against that troublesome gnawing or as necessary for Nourishment LXII And therefore these things must proceed from some other Cause that is to say from the Mistake of the Imagination and thence a deprav'd Iudgment arising from an ill habit of the Brain and a vitious Motion of the Spirits and not from the pravity of the Humours in the Stomach For according as the vitious Humours augment or diminish the Vellication of the Fibres more or less intensly it may increase or abate the Appetite but not direct it to a particular choice of Dyet especially such a one as is unnatural For Hunger is a natural â—…nstinct by which Nature is barely excited to receive Nourishment as a remedy for the gnawing but not more especially to this oâ—… that Food or to this or that Dyet if it may be so call'd as being altogether unnatural LXIII Then as for that which is said That sound healthy People being a hungry covet sometimes Fish sometimes Flesh sometimes Fruit now roasted now boyl'd c. This proceeds not from any peculiar Vellication or Gnawing but from an Animal Appetite which judges that sometimes such sort of Meats sometimes another sometimes sweet sometimes sowre will be more grateful and proper for the Stomach and therefore sometimes they covet more eagerly Wormwood-wine raw Herrings and several other things of themselves ungrateful than others more pleasing to the Palate and more wholesome LXIV Now since the Choice or Refusal of Meat or of any thing else depends upon the Iudgment and Iudgment proceeds from the Brain certainly the Cause of coveting this or that peculiar thing is not to be sought for in the Stomach but in the Brain which if it be out of order through bad Humours and ill Vapours arising from any filth gathered together in the Womb Spleen or Sweetbread and hence asscending up to the Brain easily occasions deprav'd Imaginations whence follows a deep deprav'd â—… Judgment and through the mistake of that Judgment noxious and absurd things are covered rather than the best and most wholsome as Chalk Coals
of the Nerves and Arteries then the Yard grows hot and extends it self but when the Spirits cease to flow into it then the more copious Blood and Spirits already within it are suckt up by the little Branches of the small Veins and then the Yard falls again Now that the Yard is extended by the influx of Blood and Spirits is easily demonstrated in Bodies newly dead for if you immit Water through a Syringe thrust into the Orifices of the Veins and then force that Water forward toward the nervous Bodies we shall find the Yard to be extended in the same manner as we find it stiffen'd in those that are alive by the Influx of Blood and Animal Spirits Nevertheless this same inner Substance of these Bodies is not a meer weaving of these Vessels into the likeness of a Net as Bauhinus Riolanus and Veslingius assert but it is a fibrous Substance compos'd of innumerable little Fibres running and spreading this way and that way equally restraining the surrounding Membrane from too much dilatation and underpropping the little Vessels that are interwoven betwixt 'em and so receiving within their hollow spaces the Blood and Spirits wandring out of the Vessels through that same Substance Wharton writes that those Bodies have a glandulous Flesh within which after a certain manner fills and stuffs up its little Boxes and defends from too much falling and weakness in the Interstitiums of Coition But Regner de Graef demonstrates and evinces by Ocular view that there is no such thing as that glandulous Flesh in the little hollownesses which he proves by an egregious Experiment there at large set down XII At the end of the Yard is the Nut in Latin Glans in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in which the two foresaid nervous Bodies with the Urethra end The lower part of which that exceeds those three Bodies somewhat in compass is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Crown XIII The Figure of it is somewhat like a Top the colour of it when the Yard is fallen somewhat bluish when erected red XIV It has a Substance peculiar to it self fleshie soft spungy exquisite for its sense of feeling and enfolded with a thin Membrane and hollow'd with a long hole before The infolding Membrane is produced from the inner Membrane of the Ureter which going out at the hole turns back and spreads it self over all the Nut and endows it with a most acute sense of feeling which it ought to have first to that end to excite the greater pleasure in Copulation which unless it should be hardly any one would mind the Act of Generation and so the race of Mankind would in a short time be extinct Of which thing Andreas Laurentius thus elegantly writes Anat. l. 7. c. 1. Hence says he the Titillation of the obscene Parts and the most exquisite sense of feeling for who would desire such a nasty thing as Copulation embrace and indulge with so much eagerness With what face would that Divine Creature Man so full of Reason and Consideration be brought to handle the obscene Parts of Women desild with so many Nastinesses and for that cause plac'd in the lower part of the Body like the Sink What Woman would throw her self into the Embraces of the Male knowing the Terrour of her nine Months burden and the Pain of her Labour which many times also proves no less fatal than painful or endure the Cares and Toyls of breeding up her Birth were it not for that incredible sting of tickling pleasure with which the Genitals are endu'd XV. The outward part of the Nut is cover'd with a Praeputium which is compos'd of a Cuticle and a Skin a little nervous and thin Skin proceeding inwardly from the fleshie Pannicle XVI This toward the lower part below the hole is ty'd to the Nut with a little Bridle XVII This is that Praeputium or Foreskin which is cut away by the Jews and Mahometans and it is a wonderful thing what divers Persons of great Credit have related to us from their own Observation that this Part is six times bigger in the Children of Jews and Turks than in our Christian Infants And in some is of a prodigious bigness even to the breadth of a Thumb and hangs down below the Nut till cut away And Veslingius testifies the same thing of the Children of the Egyptians and Arabians This Foreskin in Copulation rolls back from the Nut and slips below the Crown by which means the whole bulk and thickness of the Yard is made equal without any roughness and this repeated drawing forward and slipping back of the Foreskin in Copulation is thought to increase the pleasure of Women in Copulation and hence Riolanus tells us out of Fragosa's Spanish Surgery that the Turkish and Ethiopian Women covet more eagerly the Company of Christian Slaves than of their Circumciz'd Husbands as much more delightful Sometimes it happens that this Foreskin is so strait and narrow that it cannot be slipt from the Nut which causes the standing of the Yard to be very painful while the Nut is straitned within that narrow enclosure of which sort of Patients I have met with many in Practice and cur'd'em by Incision of the Foreskin in the upper part the Lips of which Incision are easily cur'd but the Nut will never come to be cover'd with the Praeputium afterwards which is not a straw matter seeing I have known several who have had so short a Foreskin that it never cover'd the Nut who suffer'd however no Inconvenience for all that XVIII The Yard receives all manner of Vessels It has two remarkable innermost Arteries from the Hypogastrics dispers'd first through the Nervous Bodies at the beginning of whose Meeting they enter and run along quite the length of the Yard sending forth little Branches to the Sides But the outermost Arteries it receives from the Pudenda XIX It sends forth the inner Veins to the Hypogastrics and the outer Veins to the Privities XX. It has outer and inner Nerves from the Marrow of the Os Sacrum of which two of a moderate Bigness run quite the length of the Yard at the lower Part together with the Arteries and Veins XXI It is mov'd with four Muscles Of which two shorter and thicker proceeding from the Tuberous Nervous Beginning of Hip or Huckle-bone not far from the Exit are fastened to the Bodies of the Yard and serve for Erection The other two longer and slenderer rising from the Sphincter Muscle of the right Gut and carried underneath are inserted into the Sides of the Urethra about the Middle which they dilate for the more ready Emission of Seed and Urine and also compress the Seminary Vessels seated in the Perinaeum or Space between the Cod and the Fundament And because they hasten forth the little Drops of Seed and Urine they are call'd Accelerators This Use of the Muscles Regner de Graef absolutely rejects and ascribes
and the Eggs themselves might the more easily slip into them be receiv'd by them and hasten'd forward into the Womb. Now that this is the true cause of this relaxation no man will wonder who has try'd how strait the Genitals of honest Women are if that afflux do not happen that is when they Copulate without any Lust so that it is a trouble to 'em to receive the Yard and then again how loose they are and with what pleasure they Copulate and admit the Yard where that afflux plentifully happens for I do not speak of Curtizans who by the overmuch use or rather abuse of Copulation have their Genital Parts so worn and loose that they can never be contracted and wrinkled again He also that shall consider how much the same afflux relaxes the Orifice and Sheath of the Womb when a large and mature Birth endeavouring to pass through those narrow passages by its kicking and motion afflicts and pains those Parts will easily confess the same For then all those Parts dilate themselves the former to transmit the Eggs the latter to exclude the mature Birth and that not being endu'd with any Art or Knowledge but as being relax'd and mollify'd by a copious afflux of Blood and Animal Spirits at that time flowing more to those parts than at other times through the determination of the Mind Which afflux afterwards ceasing all those Parts so vastly relax'd within a few days return to their pristine constitution and straitness XXXVII From what has been said it is manifestly apparent that Eggs are carried from the Womens Stones or Ovaries through the Tubes to the Womb. Which is confirm'd yet more by the Observations of some credible Physicians by whom in the dissections of Big-belly'd Women it has been found that by reason of those Eggs being detain'd in the Tubes through some unnatural cause and not passing through into the Womb that the Births were found in the Tubes and found therein by dissection after Death of which Regner de Graef brings some Examples out of Riolanus and Benedict Vassalius Which tho' we look'd upon formerly as Oldwomens Fables now upon better knowledge of the Eggs and Tubes we believe to be true XXXVIII Besides these Observations this whole business was plainly demonstrated at the Theatre in Amsterdam April 15. 1673. by Ocular Inspection by the Learned Frederic de Ruisch a most famous Physician and Professor of Surgery and Anatomy And this in a Woman who in a short time after she had conceiv'd dy'd of some suddain Accident of whom he thus writes Not only the Tube of the right but also of the left side were somewhat more ruddy thicker and more distended than usual to the admiration of all the Beholders The Tube of the right side was somewhat writh'd toward the opening of the Ovary The Womb without any foregoing preparation we cut up in the presence of a noble Company of Physicians There we observ'd the Womb to be somewhat thicker than ordinary more ruddy and more spungy and its Concavity fill'd with a Lympid Liquor upon which there swam the beginnings of a Birth of a mucilaginous Substance which rude Mass was afterwards so dissolv'd by the Air that there was no footstep of it to be seen In that same rude foundation of a Birth I could not perceive any shape of Human Body And therefore whether that Foundation were an Embryo or only an impregnated Egg I much question 'T is also worthy observation That the hollowness of the Ovary out of which the Egg had fallen was not only of a deep red colour but also spungy as we find in the Womb the Birth being newly deliver'd so that to me the Egg seems to be cherish'd in the Ovary as the Birth in the Womb. Moreover I cannot but wonder at what I find also in other ingravidated Bodies why both the Spermatic Veins are so much wider than the Arteries For if the Arteries should exceed the Veins it would be no wonder seeing that the Birth requires much Nourishment I found the Orifice of a Womb not closely shut within as some Authors will have it but gaping more than usually c. XXXIX From this demonstration we may clearly be convinc'd not only how the Substance of the Ovary ready to quit the Egg becomes spungy and open but also how the Fallopian Tubes carrying the Egg from the Ovary to the Womb at that time became more thick and patent But why the Spermatic Veins running through the womb exceed the Arteries we shall give the Reason Cap. 27. but why he found the Orifice of the womb gaping at that more than usual rate is beyond mine and the common Observation of other Anatomists Only this may be said That being open'd to receive the Egg into the womb but a little before the suddain approach of Death gave it not leisure to close again or being relax'd by the suddain and disorderly Commotion of the Spirits continued open XL. In a Womans Egg for I speak not of the Eggs of Brutes three things are to be consider'd 1. It s External little Skins which after Conception constitute the Chorion and Amnion 2. The plentiful Humours or Liquors contain'd in those little Skins 3. The small Crystalline Bubble appearing in a fertile Egg already conceiv'd in the Womb. Of all which in their due places XLI After this History of Eggs one doubt remains that is If the Eggs are carried through the Tubes into the Womb and nothing else of Seed flows from the Stones whence proceeds that pleasure which Big-belly'd Women have in Copulation at what time no Eggs are carried anew to the Womb in regard the Extremities of the Tubes are so exactly shut as also in such as have their Womb cut out for the cure of some Disease particularly the falling down of the Womb Also in Women of fifty who cease to have any more Eggs in their Ovaries Moreover whence proceeds that Seed which flows from Women in Copulation into their Sheath and bursts forth in the Night in Lascivious Dreams I answer That that same great pleasure in Coition does not arise from the Eggs passing from the Ovary to the womb but rather from the Eruption of that Seed if it may be called Seed which proceeds from that glandulous Substance encompassing the Bladder which Seed is equally in Big-belly'd and Empty-belly'd grown women and in such as have their wombs cut out and may break forth with Pleasure into the Sheaths as well in Nocturnal Dreams as otherwise But we must understand that the pleasure of women in Copulation proceeds not so much from the bursting forth of the said Seminal Matter into the Sheath as from the rubbing of the Clitoris as it is with Men by the rubbing of the Nut. XLII There remains to be enquired Whether Women may be castrated and have their Stones cut out I answer That Women cannot be castrated without great hazard of their lives for the small Guts
Vessels appointed for the Evacuation of the Menstruum's And that that Pleasure which such women are sensible of in Copulation does not proceed from any Egg or Seed slipping out of the Stones into the womb but from the Viscous Seminal Matter which is squeez'd out of the Prostates into the Uterine Uagina LX. From what has been said it is sufficiently demonstrable that Womens Stones were not given 'em only for Ornament according to the Aristotelians which can be none in a part that is always hidden and never conspicuous but for absolute Necessity XLII Now what that Necessity is let us inquire And therefore that something may be produced out of Plants there is equally required both a Fertility of the Earth and a fecundity of the Seed The Fecundity of this Seed consists in the spirituous Blossom the fertility of the Earth in a convenient Heat and Moisture duly moistened and impregnated with Salt and sulphury Particles Unless these two concur nothing can be produced from the Seed of a Plant. For Example Let the best Wheat be thrown into a heap of Salt Iron Lead or dry Sand nothing grows from thence tho' the Seed be fruitful in it self because it does not light into convenient Matter wherein the generative Principle may be dissolv'd and set at work In like manner let the same Seed be cast into Earth where there is too great a quantity of Salt Lime Canker or any such matter endu'd with a corroding and sharp Quality then the Seed is corrupted and extinguished together with its generative Principle and produces nothing but if it be thrown into a fat Earth well dung'd then the Heat assisting the more thin Particles of the terrene Moisture enter the small Pores of the Seed and are intermix'd with its Substance which thereupon swells and so the Germen or generative Principle is dissolved and falls to work and whatever is thence form'd is nourished augmented and increased by the same Moisture melted and mix'd together with the thicker Particles of the Seed being afterwards to receive from the Earth more and more solid Nourishment when once it has taken Root XLIII And thus it is in the Generation of Man The Womb is the Earth first receiving the masculine fruitful Seed But unless that Land be moistened with a convenient dewie Moisture embrace and dissolve that received masculine Seed and send forth it s more subtle engendring Parts through the Tubes to the Eggs contained in the Stones or Ovaries and that the Eggs thus impregnated proceed to the Womb that through its cherishing Heat the generative Principle infused into 'em may fall to work I say unless all this be from the masculine Seed alone tho' never so fruitful there will be nothing generated For nothing is generated from the Male Seed alone tho' most fruitful in its self Now that same Female Albuminous Seed of the Eggs is like the fat moisture of the Earth nay it is the very fat prepared Moisture it self which conveniently receiving the spirituous part of the Male Seed and entering its Pores dissolves it rowses the generative Principle latent therein and excites it to Action Which proceeding into Act presently forms out of its self in a small Compendium the whole that is to be form'd that is the first Delineations of the whole Birth and nourishes it with that agreeable Albuminous Moisture upon which it swims first by Irroration and Apposition till it be brought to such a Solidity and that the Bowels are become so strong that afterwards they may be able to make and prepare for themselves Nourishment carried to the Womb and infused through the Mouth and Navel XLIV Hence it is apparent why Copulation does not follow every time that a man lies with an Empty woman because that if a woman through any Distemper of the Ovaries or their bad Structure or by reason of her years or through any other cause be destitute of Eggs or that the albuminous Matter latent in the Eggs be badly temper'd too sharp too hot too cold or endu'd with any bad quality and so be unfit for the dissolution of the Procreative Male Seed then no Conception can happen because the spiritous procreative Principle of the Male Seed is for the same Reasons stifled and corrupted But this is not the only cause why Conception is hinder'd for it frequently also happens that the Eggs of Women are not come to their just Maturity or through some Impediment of the Passages the generative Principle cannot come to the Eggs nor the Eggs to the Womb or else the Male Seed being weak of its self and destitute of a generative Principle or for that its generative Principle is corrupted and suffocated in the Womb before it can reach the Eggs by reason of the bad temper of the Womb or else from the vitious Humours therein settled for which Reasons there can be no Conception XLV However it be the true manifest and necessary Use of the Male Seed appears from what has been already said as being that without which there can be no Generation of Man no more than Generation of Plants without a fruitful Moisture of the Earth XLVI Here a material Question arises If there be such a necessity of the Female Seed in respect of the dissolving cherishing nourishing Matter whether it have any share in the forming the Birth Hitherto it has been the common Opinion That it has a share as well of the forming Cause as of being the nourishing Matter and that it is mix'd with the Man's Seed and that one Mass is made of those two Seeds mix'd together and that out of that Mass being fermented in the Womb the spirituous procreative Principle is drawn forth by which and out of which the Members of the Birth are delineated and form'd Which Opinion Sennertus very speciously both propounds and defends and of which Ludovicus Mercatus is no less a strenuous Patron who thinks with one Herculean Argument to remove the whole Doubt and to prove the forming Power of the Female Seed Whatever assimilates saith he suffering with Victory of necessity acts but the Son is sometimes made like the Mother therefore the Mother acts in the Generation of the Son XLVII But tho' this whole Argument should be granted it does not follow that the Womans Seed affords any power to the forming of the Birth For there is a great deal of difference between the Mother acting and the Seed of the Mother acting For the Mother acts upon the Man's and her own Seed while she warms cherishes and embraces both in her Womb and so rowses that same procreative Principle into Action But this renders it fit for the Nutritive Matter But neither She nor her Seed contribute any thing to the forming of the Parts but as Mediums by which the latent Power in Male Seed is set at work But if the Womans Seed should act in forming and delineating the Birth then it ought to contain in it self
there can be but one form of one thing so the Principle containing that Form can be but one Therefore the Seed of Man is but one For being simple and indivisible in its Form it cannot be composed of two which it would be if it should proceed from the Male and the Female Subtil Exercit. 268. Several other Arguments he adds in the same place by which he does not only deny all forming Power in the female Seed but refuses to acknowledg the Seed it self nor will he seem to allow it any ministerial Function Scaliger's Arguments are very weighty so that I easily agree with him that the form and act of Formation proceeds only from the Seed of the Man and that the womans Seed contributes no forming effective Cause to the shaping and delineation of the Birth Yet I cannot with Scaliger wholly renounce the womans Seed for I have both asserted and prov'd it to be very necessary for Generation And being necessary yet not having a forming Power it cannot otherwise be necessary but only in respect of that Matter without which the Power of the mans Seed cannot be waken'd and rowsed into Act. Now that it is not endu'd with a forming Power appears from hence that a woman cannot conceive of herself without the help of male Copulation Tho' it may be very probable that in her nocturnal Pollutions which happen to women as well as men besides the seminal Matter breaking forth out of the Prostates into the Vagina many times the Eggs slip out and evacuate through the Tubes into the Womb. Which nevertheless if the Seed included in the Eggs contained two Principles of Generation Active and Passive seeing she has both Place Time and Nourishment convenient within her own Body could not choose but conceive of herself Besides Nature has so provided that there shall be only one Agent to produce a natural Effect by the Testimony of Aristotle but if the Seed of the woman participated of the formal and efficient Cause then there would be two active Principles the Seed of the woman and the Seed of the man which is repugnant to the Order of Nature Again if both Sexes contributed an active Power the Male would produce either the same with the Woman or another quite contrary If the same then one would superabound if different then Twins would always be begot or Hermaphrodites which rarely happens Lastly our Opinion is confirm'd by the Natural Instinct of Mankind for the Children are not denominated from the Mother but generally from the Father as from him who being their Efficient Principle contributed to their being form'd LVIII Hence it is apparent that the Seed of the Woman does not contain in it self any forming Power in reference to the Birth nor is any Efficient Cause thereof nor as the first matter contributes to the first matter of the Birth that is to be form'd but that it is only necessary as a matter gently receiving the generative Principle of the Male Seed dissolving and fomenting it and setting at liberty the forming spirit inherent in the generative Principle and disposing it to act and to form all the first Lineaments of the Body out of it self and nourishing the Embryo when reduced into shape LIX Hippocrates does not seem to favour this Opinion of ours who writes thus Lib. 1. de Genitur In Man there is both the Male and Female Seed and so likewise it is in Woman but the Male Seed is the stronger and Generation must of necessity be accomplish'd by the stronger In which words Hippocrates seems to intimate that Womens seed partakes no less of the Efficient Cause than the Man's I answer That in Generation the strength of the Seeds consists partly in the Efficient Cause partly in the Material preparing for Formation And both Causes being taken separately may be called eitheir strong or weak or to use Hippocrates's phrase either Virile or Female When the Efficient Cause of Formation which is in the Male Seed is strong or virile and the material cherishing and nourishing Cause which is the Female Seed is likewise strong or virile then of both together comes a Male Child If either Cause be weak yet one stronger than the other then from the Cause that prevails proceeds a Boy or a Girl So that it cannot be concluded from the words of Hippocrates himself that he allowed the Female Seed an Efficient Power but that he has plac'd that same strength of which he speaks no less in the Material preparing Cause than in the Efficient and that by strength in the Male Seed he understood a strong and robust efficient Power of Forming in the Womans Seed an excellent temper of preparing and nourishing Matter and an aptitude to set at liberty the efficient principle latent in the Virile Seed LX. Veslingius fancied quite another Opinion of the Womans Seed for he acknowledges therein a double substance one Corporeal requisite for the forming of the Birth and another more watery which loosens the parts of the Womb cherishes and preserves the Birth and which he says flows continually into the Womb after Conception The Portion saith he of Spermatic Moisture which slows from the Stones to the bottom of the Womb is of a more noble use after Conception For upon this swims the rude little Body of the Embryo at the beginning of its conformation and so not only hinders the more intense heat of the Womb from making any irregular dissolution of any thing but gently sustains the Birth it self in the strong shogs of the Mothers Body and secures the Umbilical Vessels at that time as thin as a hair from danger of a Rupture Veslingius has done well to consider two parts in the Seed of the Woman but in that he was greatly deceived according to the ancient Opinion that the Man and the Womans Seed were mix'd together in the Womb and so thought the Birth to be form'd out of that Mixture and that he also believed that the Milky Juice which in Big-bellied Women flows to the Womb for the nourishment of the Child to be the more watery part of the Womans Seed Concerning which Juice see Chap. 31. LXI At this day according to the Opinion of Harvey many people assert that the Womens Seed after Conception together with the Man's Seed flows out again from the Womb as being altogether of no use Yet tho' the vanity of that Opinion be apparent from what has been said we shall examin it however more at large in the next Chapter After this Explanation made both of the Man's and Womans Seed two things remain to be inquired into in general concerning the Seed First At what Age the Seed is generated and Secondly Why Eunuchs and gelt Animals become fatter and more languid LXII As to the first The Seed is not generated till the habit of the Body becomes dryer and stronger and when the Body is come to its full growth And hence it is that because
the Body attains that strength and firmness between the fourteenth and twentieth year that then the Seed begins to be generated and acquires every day so much the greater perfection by how much the Body grows stronger and needs less growth Now the reason why Seed is not generated at younger years and in Childhood is vulgarly imputed to the growth of the Body upon which the superfluous part of the Blood of which the Seed is hereafter to be made is then consumed But this Reason is far fetch'd and only a sign of the Cause why Seed is not generated First therefore we are to enquire why at younger years the Body most increases in bulk and grows so fast that by the knowledge of this we may come to know why the Seed is not generated at that Age. LXIII The growth of the Body proceeds from hence because all the Parts abound with a moist sulphurous oily Iuice and for that reason are very flexible and apt to extend so that the Animal Spirits flowing into them the Blood pour'd into the Arteries for Nourishment sake do not so sharply ferment and therefore cannot make a sufficient separation of the salt Particles from the sulphury Partly because their force is debilitated by the copious Moisture and oiliness of the sulphury parts partly because the Brain it self being as yet very much over moist does not at that time breed such sharp Humours as to make a smart Effervescency which afterwards come to be generated in greater quantity when all the parts come to be drier For this Reason also the Spermatic Vessels where the chief strength of Semnification lies are not then so very much dryed but by reason of the copious more moist and oily Particles of the Nourishment continually poured in upon them they are extended and grow in length and thickness and that so much the more swiftly by how much more moist and oily Nourishment feeds them as it happens in Infancy and Childhood But their strength and solidity is then more increased when they become dryer and grow less I speak of moderate and convenient driness not of a total consumption of moisture Now the reason why they become more dry is because the overmuch oily Moisture is by degrees consum'd by the increasing heat and by that means the overmuch moisture and lankness of the Spermatic Parts is abated and they become stronger in regard a greater quantity of the salt Particles separated from the Blood is mingled with them and is more firmly united and assimilated to them LXIV The same cause that promotes and cherishes the growth of the Body hinders the Generation of Seed in Children Hence it is that the Blood is more moist and oily and the Animal Spirits themselves less sharp and fewer in quantity flow to the Stones so that there is only enough for the growth of the Parts but not for the Generation of Seed But afterwards through the increase of heat that oily superfluous substance being somewhat wasted then the Brain being dryer begets sharper Animal Spirits which being mix'd with the Arterious Blood carried through the Nerves to the Stones more easily separate from it the salter Particles more fit for the Generation of Seed with which being condens'd and mix'd into a thin Liquor by the proper quality of the Stones proceeding from their peculiar structure and temper they are concocted into Seed which becomes so much the more perfect by how much the copious Moisture is predominant therein which in perfect Seed ought to be but moderate LXV And hence it is also apparent wherefore in old Age very little or watery or no Seed at all is made in the Stones Because that by reason of their abated heat over much moisture again prevails at that Age through the whole Body tho' not so oily as in Childhood but crude and more watery whence the Brain becomes moister and begets fewer or less eager Spirits and the Blood becomes colder and moister Moreover the Parts themselves concocting the Seed become more languid and over moist and consequently unapt as well in respect of the Matter as their own proper debility to make Seed I except some sort of old men vigorous in their old Age who at fourscore and fourscore and ten have begot Children as Platerus relates concerning his own Father LXVI As to the latter Question why Eunuchs and gelded Animals become more languid and less vigorous the Reason is because that through the cutting out of the Stones there follows an extraordinary change of the whole Temper of the Body in regard that lustful seminal Breathing ceases which is diffus'd over all the Parts of the Body which is apparent from the peculiar Smell and Rankness of Tast in the Flesh of Beasts ungelt and by means of which the Blood and other Humours are more warmly heated and the Spirits rendered more smart and vigorous This remarkable Alteration of Temperament is apparent in Eunuchs from hence that the Hair grown before Castration never falls off and the Hair not grown before either upon the Lips or other parts never comes Quite contrary to what befalls those that are not geit LXVII The same is manifestly observed in Deer who shed their large Beams every Year and then new ones come the next Year in their places but being gelt presently after they have shed their Horns their Antlers never grow again but they become very fat Now this change of Temper caused by the defect of lustful and masculine seminal inward Breathings thorough the whole Body tends toward Cold whence it happens that the Blood becomes more oily and less fervent and the animal Spirits are generated less sharp and vigorous and less dispers'd and that part of the Blood which otherwise ought to be consum'd in Seed and seminal Spirits remains solely in the Body fills the Vessels and more plentifully nourishes every part and that plenty and oyliness of the Blood moistens and plumps up the Body to a more extraordinary Corpulency For the fermenting Quality of the animal Spirits in such an abounding Quantity of sanguineous Juice tho' less fervent being now more languid and remiss becomes less able to separate the sulphury and oily Particles of the Blood from the salt ones which for that reason remaining mix'd together in greater quantity and joyn'd together for the nourishment of the Parts moisten them less and render them fatter but more languid and not so strong For that Interposition hinders the more dry and salter Particles of the Blood from being firmly united to the spermatic Vessels LXVIII To this we may add that in those that are gelt by reason of that extraordinary Redundancy of oylie Blood the Brain it self is overmuch moistened whence the Spirits become less sharp subtil and vigorous and consequently less sharp and fit for animal Actions Which make Eunuchs more dull less couragious languid and effeminate and slower in all the Exercises both of Body and Mind LXIX From the same Redundancy
in the Blood of oily Particles dulling the Acrimony of the animal Spirits it happens that they who are naturally fat and gross generate less Seed and slower are less fit for the Sports of Venus and are soon tired Whereas on the other side strong lean People are prone to Venery and hold out longer Because they have more Seed and more quickly replenish'd besides that their animal Spirits are sharper and more copious and their fermenting Power is not so soon abated by the over much Plenty of Oily Moisture But some will say why are not Children fat for the same Reason Because the redundant moist and dew-like Blood is consum'd in the growth and increase of the Body LXX From what has been said it appears wherefore in a Plethory the Body becomes unwieldy slothful and weak and all the animal Actions both the principal and others grow drowsy and the Persons themselves are sleepy and heavy Headed c. because that by reason of the extraordinary Redundancy of the oylie Particles in the Blood the animal Spirits are generated fewer in Quantity less sharp and active Now what that fermenting Power of the animal Spirits so often mentioned is see l. 3. c. 11. CHAP. XXIX Of Conception and the forming of the Embryo I. WHen the fruitful Seed of both Sexes is received into a Womb well dispos'd and is detain'd inclos'd therein it is called Conception II. This Conception is made in the Cavity of the Womb it self and not in any Pores of the inner Membranes in regard that no Quantity of injected Seed can be contain'd in the Pores neither is the prolific Principle being separated from the thicker Mass of the Seed included in the Pores but is carried through the Tubes to the Ovary with which the Eggs being impregnated pass the same way to the Womb where they are detain'd and cherished But as for those who following Harvey assert that the Seed being injected into the Womb soon after flows out again the prolific Principle only remaining within and tell us that the Conception is perfected not in the Cavity of the Womb but in the Pores of the internal Membranes which Regius also affirms how far they are mistaken shall appear by that which follows III. Now it is necessary that the Seed being receiv'd and detain'd that the Orifice of the Womb should be closed and so continue at least for the first Months to the end that Spirit wherein the fruitfulness of the Seed continues should not be dissipated and lost before it slide through the Tubes to the Ovaries which would easily happen were not the Orifice well closed that the Eggs also being impregnated with the said Spirit and so carried from the Ovaries to the Womb should not slip forth nor be corrupted by the entrance of the Air. This Closure of the Womb as Galen affirms and we have seen is so strait and exact that it will not admit the top of a Probe IV. Now I speak of the Seed of both Sexes neither will I be so rash as with Aristotle or with Harvey to question the Womans Seed or to believe that Conception cannot be made without it having prov'd the necessity of it in the former Chapter for tho' it be not the efficient Cause of Formation yet is it such a material Cause as ought necessarily to concur in the Eggs with the prolific Principle of the male Seed to its Dissolution and the Expedition of its Operation and it also constitutes the Matter together with the more watery dissolv'd Parts of the masculine Seed by which the most slender the most tender and smallest Threads of the Members of the Embryo being by this time form'd may first be cherished and then receive its Nourishment from it as likewise its Growth as also for the forming of the Membrane it self the Amnion and the Chorion in like manner as in a Hens Egg we see the Shell and the inner thin Membrane form'd out of the Seed of the Hen before her being trod by the Cock as is apparent in Wind Eggs. Which Shell however together with the foresaid thin Membrane in the Eggs of Hens and other Birds neither grow nor are enlarged after the Eggs are laid because they have acquired their just Capaciousness and Magnitude before the Eggs were laid as being to be hatch'd without the Body of the Birds quite otherwise than in other Creatures that bring forth live Conceptions in which as the Embryo grows those Membranes must of necessity encrease And hence because the womans Seed alone is not sufficient to supply that daily Growth in the Womb First the more watery Parts of the male Seed residing in the Womb and the Blood and other Humours conveighed through the Vasa Sanguifera joyn themselves to its assistance V. Here we think fit to explode the Opinion of those who with Aristotle say that the menstruous Blood concurs in like manner with the Seed to the first forming of the Parts For all the Parts are delineated out of the Seed alone and that by and out of the most subtil and most spirituous part of it Neither does the menstruous Blood nor any other Blood contribute any thing more than Nourishment which causes the Growth of the Parts VI. After Conception the Orifice of the Womb is not only closed but the whole Womb contracts it self about the Seed to the end it may the better detain and embrace it Thus Galen reports that the Women have often told him that after Conception they have felt a certain motion in the Privities that did as it were pull and contract them together VII The Seed being detain'd in the Womb is cherish'd alter'd and melted by the dewie heat of the Womb and so its thicker and more fix'd Particles being dissolv'd by a more firm cleaving and binding together the more spirituous and active parts which lay imprison'd in those thicker Particles being set at liberty presently pass through the Uterine Tubes to the Ovaries to the end they may enter the Eggs that are come to maturity and impregnate them wherein they meet in a small Bubble and like a transparent and crystalline Liquor appear in the Egg carried to the Womb. VIII Now in this small Bubble only is the forming of the whole Embryo perfected For in that same thin and spirituous part of the Seed the Architectonic Faculty lies which by the cherishing of the Uterine heat together with its subject in which it is fix'd that is to say that same thin and spirituous Liquor of the Seed being set at liberty breaks forth into Action For it cannot be free but it must act nor can it be set at liberty unless by an External Cause that is by the heat of the Womb the whole Mass of the Masculine Seed being ejected in Copulation be dissolv'd and melted and by that means the spirituous or prolific Part being separated from it be carried through the Tubes to the Ovaries and then shut up
mistaken her Reckoning Petrus Aponensis otherwise called the Conciliator by the Report of Cardan asserts himself to have been born in the eleventh Month as if he had kept his Mother's reckoning in her Womb. Homer makes mention of one born in the twelfth Month. Pliny speaks of a certain Woman that was brought to bed in her thirteenth Month and Avicen of another that was brought to bed in her fourteenth Of which we have another Example in Alexander Benedict I omit other Women that went two and twenty Months nay some that went two three four whole years of which Iohn Schenkius quotes Examples I fear me too fictitious out of several Authors VI. But indeed these are all idle Stories without any grounds and prov'd by no certain Experience but taken up from the discourses of tatling Gossips to whom some overcredulous Learned Men have given too much Credit to the end they might underprop these Vanities with some supports of probability For as I believe it to be most certain that the time of delivery may be for certain causes delay'd some few days beyond the Term of nine Months so I believe it impossible that it should be put off one much less many Months seeing that in whatsoever Constitution of a Woman the Increase of heat becomes so great in the Infant that it requires Ventilation by Respiration and for that cause the Birth must seek relief without the narrow straits of the Womb. So that it is manifest those serious maintainers of that Opinion drew too hasty a Conclusion from the false Relations of silly Women For if we narrowly prie into the Matter there lies a Snake in the Grass either wickedness in the Woman or simple Error in the Reckoning Wickedness in the Woman Who if she have no Children upon the death of her Husband that she may enjoy her Estate leagues her self with another Man and being by him got with Child pretends to be delivered Eleven twelve thirteen Months after the death of her Husband that so she may lay the Child to him in his Life-time which is a sort of wickedness so frequent that the Courts are full of these Contentions Which is the reason that these lateward Births seldom happen but among such kind of Widows rarely among Women that live with their Husbands There may be also a simple Error in the Reckoning for that Women generally compute their Reckoning form the first suppression of their Flowers though it may happen from other causes that their Flowers may cease three or four Months before Conception So that if a Woman begin her Reckoning from the first Suppression she must of necessity mistake and through that Mistake the Child shall be said to be born in the eleventh or twelfth Month that came at the appointed time of the end of the Ninth Aristotle believes that Error may proceed from the swelling of the VVomb Women says he are ignorant of the Time of their Conception if when the Womb was swelled before as it often happens they afterwards lye with their Husbands and conceive for they believe this to be the beginning of their Conception because it gave such a Signal VII Through the same Error in Reckoning Children are said to be born in the fifth or sixth Month which nevertheless are not born till the Ninth For that some VVomen for the first two or three Months of their being with Child have their Flowers upon them still at the set times but afterwards they stop and so they begin their Reckoning from that Suppression wherein they greatly err beginning their account from thence when they are three or four Months gone and so a Child shall be said to come in the sixth Month that was duly born in the ninth and this Error is apparent from the just proportion of the Child and the strength of its parts VIII When a Woman draws near her time the Birth turns it self and the Head declining plants it self before the Privity distending upwards the rest of the Body Which turning happens a week or two before the delivery Then the Orifice of the VVomb like a blowing Rose begins to open and dilate it self and to prepare a passage for the Birth that is about to come forth moreover the Infant kicking and sprawling to and fro breaks the Membranes wherein it is infolded and so the humours included therein flow forth which loosen the Privy parts and render the Passages slippery to make the passage easie for the Birth to pass thorough For it rarely happens that the Child is born and comes into the VVorld with the Membranes whole and entire which once I saw in an Infant that was very weak IX This sprawling is painful to the Womb and this pain communicated to the mind in the Brain presently the Animal Spirits are sent in great Quantity through the Nerves to the pursing Fibers of the Womb and the Muscles of the Abdomen which being contracted together cause a strong Expulsion of the Birth X. The Infant comes forth with the Head formost according to Nature says Hippocrates Lib. de nat puer XI Whatever other manner it offers it self to come forth in that Birth cannot be said to be Natural and the more hazardous it is by how much the posture of the Child is more unusual For if it offers one Thigh or one Arm it makes a stop unless that Member be thrust back and the Birth turn'd If two Thighs be offered together the delivery may go forward but with great difficulty if the Buttocks offer themselves first the delivery goes not forward unless very seldom sometimes the Birth comes forth doubled but with great difficulty and great danger If the Sides or Belly offer themselves first the Delivery is impossible How the mature and large Birth should be able to pass through the Straits of the Bones of the Pelvis stuft with Muscles and other parts Galen admires but dares not explain But it is done by reason that the Bones of the Share the Os Sacrum and the Hip-Bone their Cartilages being loosen'd separate a little one from another as we shall shew more at large L. â—… c. 16. XII However it be or at whatever time the Delivery happens Nature expels the Birth out of the Womb through the Uterine Sheath or at least endeavours to do it and that is the only passage appointed for the Expulsion of the Birth I say or at least endeavours to do it for sometimes it happens that that same passage being stopt the Child cannot be expell'd by Nature but must be drawn forth by the skill of the Surgeon and that through the passage already mentioned by the hand either of the Midwife or Surgeon or by the Assistance of Hooks which we have tryed with success in many Women or else by Section made in the Womb and Abdomen which is called the Caesarian Delivery concerning which Francis Rousset has written a famous Treatise But it is rarely seen that Nature her self attempts
Expulsion through unwonted Passages Of which nevertheless Bartholin relates a most Remarkable Story Lib. de insolit part viis Of a Woman that evacuated several little Bones of a Human Birth first of all out of her Navel swelling and dissected next out of an Ulcer in her left Ilium and this not all at once which increases the wonder nor all together but at several times and at several years distance and those so many that it was thought they were enough now for the Bodies of Twins To which Story he adds a long and splendid Explanation and moreover out of several Authors brings many other Examples of corrupted Births evacuated out of the Navel Hypochondriums Ilium's open'd the Fundament and other unusual Passages for which we refer the Reader to Bartholin himself XIII In the mean time there are the Admirable and Stupendious works of Nature seeing that the Birth must of necessity slip into the Cavity of the Abdomen through the broken ulcerated or any other way torn and lacerated Womb or else the Conception in the Tube must have miscarryed thither out of the Tube being broken through the Thinness of the Membrane of the Tube before it could cause those Exulcerations by its corruption in the parts of the Abdomen But because many such Women have been restored to their former health this is most of all to be wondered at that those inward Wounds and Ulcers of the Womb and Tube should heal again of themselves and that the Birth putrifying in that Place should not withal putrify the Guts Bladder Mesentery and other Bowels of the Abdomen and rather hasten the Death of those unfortunate Women than such an unwonted Delivery XIV We are now to return to the Causes of Delivery among which in a natural Delivery we have reckoned the kicking and stirring of the Infant which is assigned to three Causes that is to say the narrowness of the Place the Corruption of the Nourishment and the want of it XV. The narrowness of the Place signifies nothing to the purpose For there are many Women who having before brought forth very large Births afterwards are delivered of a little one and then a great one again Now the Place was big enough for that same little one to have stay'd longer and there was Nourishment sufficient in it for its larger growth where there had bin a great one before Moreover as the Infant grows so its Domicel the Womb enlarges which if any cause obstruct the Birth dies before matur'd and abortion happens XVI Nor can any such thing be prov'd from the Corruption of Nourishment seeing there is no Corruption of it but that it is as equally good at the end as at the beginning If any one affirm the Urine of the Birth to be mixed with the Nourishment we shall remit him to the preceding 30 31 32. Chapters Besides the Birth could not be rendred more vigorous by the corruption of the Nourishment to kick and sprawl but weaker and more infirm Some there are who with Regius add over and above that the Nourishment becomes unpleasant to the Birth by reason of its Corruption and therefore refusing such ungrateful Nourishment it kicks and spurns and seeks to get forth But there can be no Depravation of the Nourishment and therefore this Opinion presupposes some acute Judgment in the Birth to distinguish between the goodness and badness pleasantness and ungratefulness of the Nourishment But what Judgment an Infant has I leave to any one to consider For we find Children new born take Sack Milk Oyl of sweet Almonds Ale Syrups powder of Bezoar c. without any Distinction and therefore 't is not likely it should be able to distinguish the taste of Nourishment in the Womb. XVII Neither can it be defect of Nourishment which causes this sprawling which would rather occasion weakness and immobility for all living things languish for want of Nourishment and motion ceasing by degrees at length they dye Moreover we see many Infants new born that are strong enough and yet for the first two or three days receive little Nourishment which if they had wanted in the Womb they would not have been so strong but weak and languishing and would have been greedy of Nourishment when offered And to this that in many Women with Child that have hardly Bread to eat the Birth doth not only sprawl but is so weak that its motion can hardly be felt in the Womb but let the Mother feed heartily the Birth is refreshed and moves briskly in the Womb. Which is a certain sign that the stronger Motion of the Infant proceeds from a sufficient supply of Nourishment and not from want of Nourishment which would rather retard than promote delivery XVIII Claudius Courveus finding these causes did not promote delivery has contriv'd another which is redundancy of Excrement which he says is sometimes so much that the Birth constrained by necessity of Evacuation never leaves kicking till it get forth Which fiction of Courveus is contrary to Reason and Experience The one teaching us that there is no obstruction to hinder the Birth from Evacuating in the Womb. And it is apparent that very little Excrement can redound in regard the Infant takes no solid Nourishment in the VVomb Then Experience tells us that a new born Infant does not piss all the first day and for three days together many times never evacuates by Stool which it would do as soon as born were the Opinion of Courveus true XIX Therefore there must be another cause of this strenuous kicking and ensuing Labour which is the necessity of Breathing and Cooling For at first the heat of the Embryo is but small shewing it self like a little spark that has no need of cooling but of Augmentation Now this heat encreasing the Actions and Motions of the Birth encrease At length this Heat encreases to that degree that it wants Ventilation and cooling which being deny'd the Infant begins to be more and more disturbed by the heat and through that disturbance vehemently to move and kick and by means of that motion to excite the Uterine Humours to an Effervescency and make way for it self into a freer Air. But that increase of heat happens also in a small Birth which has stay'd its due time in the VVomb as well as in a large Infant So that the cause of Calcitration and delivery is the same in a small as in a large Infant if ripen'd in the VVomb XX. Thus in very hard winter Weather suppose a Man almost nummed and frozen to death should be enclosed and shut up in a narrow close Chamber every way stopped up and there should be a great Fire made in that Chamber First the heat of that place would Excite and Augment the remaining heat of the enclosed Body Hence the enclosed Body would begin to come to himself again and the heat would extreamly refresh and revive him And set at liberty his benumm'd
probable that the necessity of Respiration forces the Birth to a stronger Calcitration when the Birth in the Womb breaths sufficiently considering the Proportion of its heat For Vessingius resting upon the Authority of Hippocrates writes that the Lungs of the Birth enclosed in the Womb by a gentle dilation draws something of Air and for proof of this he alledges the Infants being often heard to cry in the Womb. Examples of which are produced by Albertus Magnus Libavius Solin Camerarius Sennertus Bartholin and Deusingius Also the Learned Velthusius believes that in this case the Air penetrates to the places where the Infant lies and that it is attracted by the Infant by Inspiration Nay the Honourable Robert Boyle in Experim Physic. Mathem Exercit. 41. seems to confirm this crying by a most memorable Example I knew a certain Lady says he who was with Child some years since at what time her friends bemoan'd her Condition to me that she was very much terrified with the Crying of her little Infant XXVI But whoever they were they were all in an Errour that wrote of the Respiration and crying of the Birth in the Womb. For first the Relations of these things are taken from the vain stories of idle and unskilful Women and Men who either conceive Whimsies of their own or else on set purpose perswade others into a belief of these Vanities Either to move the Rich to Pity for generally the poor are they that only hear these Noises or else to get themselves a name among the Vulgar by establishing some Prophecy upon these feigned wonders But we shall hardly read of any person of Reputation that ever heard this imaginary Crying Secondly it is impossible there should be any breathing or crying in the Womb without any Air but which way shall it come thither For the Mouth of the Womb is so closely shut by the Testimony of Galen or Hippocrates that it will not admit the point of a Probe nor the least Air or Water Of which though some make a doubt yet we found to be true in the year 1649. When we opened the Body of a young Woman that was poysoned in whose body we found the Womb swollen with a Birth above a hands length and the Mouth of the Womb not only most closely contracted but also stopped up with a glutinous clammy flegmatick Humour that would not admit the sharp end of a Bodkin unless it should have been forced through the Glewy substance The same thing we found in December 1665. in a Woman seven Months gone that dy'd suddainly Moreover besides this closing up the Mouth of the Womb the Birth is also so exactly enclosed in its Membranes that no liquor contained within can distil forth nor any external Air penetrate withinside VVhich difficulty Gualter Needham observing after he has related a story as it was told him of a Child that was heard to cry in the Womb of a Noble Woman L. de format foet writes that the Air cannot come from without to the Birth but that it may be there generated by the fermentation of the Humours latent within as wind is bred in the Stomach Guts and other parts But this being in some measure granted how is it possible that the Birth going about to cry should draw in that or any other Air when it swims upon the Milkie liquor of the Amnion which would fill up the Mouth of it For should it breath in the Air it would be choaked in regard the Liquor in the Mouth would slide down into the Lungs through the rough Artery together with the Air and fill up the middle Fistulous part of the Windpipe Certainly t is a wonder that those Learned Men who have written concerning this Uterine Crying have not made this Observation upon it that the sound which is heard in the Belly of a Woman with Child which they that hear perhaps take for the crying of the Infant proceeds only from the Wind that roars in the Guts compressed and straitned by the bulk and weight of the Infant as we hear sometimes a wonderful whistling of the wind impetuously forcing it self through the narrow holes of windows such a one as once I remember I heard my self with several others exactly resembling the sighs and groans of a Man in sorrow or in some great danger so that all that heard it were frighted and talked of nothing but Spirits and Hobgoblins that bewayl'd some terrible Misfortune that was to befal them whereas after half an hours search we found the winding hole through which the wind passing made that lamentable noise which ceaâ—…d upon stopping the Hole And thus t is no wonder if the Vapours passing through the streights of the Compressed Guts sometimes make a whining noise like the crying of an Infant as you shall hear in the lower Belly noises of the wind resembling perfectly the croaking of Frogs and the Hissing of Serpents Therefore says Aristotle the Infant never cries till it be come forth out of the Womb. XXVII Here perhaps an important doubt will arise if it be so that the Birth promotes its delivery by vehement kicking occasioned by the necessity of Respiration and so provokes nature to Expulsion what 's the Reason 1. That sometimes a very weak Birth that wants no Respiration is forced out of the Womb in the fifth or sixth or seventh Month in which seventh Month however many mature Births sufficiently strong and lively and wanting Respiration are born though it may happen that many Births unripe very weak and unable to brook the change of Air and Nourishment may be and are frequently born in that Month. 2. That a Birth that dies in the VVomb consequently requiring no Respiration is cast forth by female Labour seeing that in neither of these cases there is any need of strong Calcitration to promote delivery I answer to the first that sometimes a Birth may be sound in the Womb according to the time that it abides there after Formation though not ripe that is so weak as not to be able to brook the changes of Air and Nourishment and that of such a Birth a Woman miscarries by Abortion not through the necessity of Respiration or provoked by sprawling but by reason of a cause far different either the flowing in of too much flegm or too violent Agitation of the Womans Body or through the rapid disorderly and violent motion of Spirits and Humours as in the passions of Anger or Fear by all which cause the Placenta is loosned from the VVomb or the Birth is killed which then becomes heavy and troublesom to the VVomb and provokes it to Expulsion and to the end that trouble may be expelled presently the Spirits are sent in great quantity to the Contracting Fibers of the VVomb and Muscles of the Abdomen which by drawing both the one and the other together expel the Birth To the Second I say that the Birth being dead for some times the pains of Travel cease because
Whereas if that Milk in the Woman mention'd by Hippocrates should be made by the Menstruous Blood restagnating then all Women when their Courses stop'd or stay'd would always have Milk in their Breasts when it rarely happens but among salacious and prurient Women excited by much lascivious Titillation and venereal Thoughts and consequently the motion of the Animal Spirits which loosen the Breasts and open the Pores of the Chyliferous Passages and so make free way for the Chylus to the Breasts In like manner as by libidinous contrectation and sucking the Chylus may be carry'd to the Breasts of some Men who can never be suspected of Menstruous Evacuation and there be turn'd into Milk and of such men giving Suck there are various Examples among the Physicians of which Bartholine has collected some together l. e. Anat. Reformat c. 1. After the same manner is the Story of Mesue's Woman to be explain'd who spit Blood when the Milk fail'd in her Breast which Blood was stopp'd when her Milk came again Because the Chylus that was wont to flow to the Breasts flow'd to the Heart where there happen'd to be too great a quantity of Blood which for that reason burst out of the vessels of the Head and Lungs and was evacuated at the Mouth But afterwards the greatest part of the Chylus flowing to the Breasts and the Milk returning then upon the ceasing of the Repletion the spitting of Blood likewise ceas'd Here also lastly may be objected the Example of Cows who having been foddered all the Winter with Hay at length coming to feed upon Grass nevertheless their Milk does not alter and grow fat till two or three Weeks after and it contributes another somewhat ruddy colour and grateful Taste to the Butter which would come to pass the first or second day if the foresaid Proposition were true seeing that the Chylus is altered at the beginning I answer First That what is alledged is not true for it is not three weeks time before the alteration of the Milk but the first second or third day and it is manifestly apparent in the Colour and Taste of the Butter made the fourth day tho it be not perfectly conspicuous at the beginning because the preceding Chylus was not then wholly wasted but mixt with the latter Besides the very Substance of the Udder cannot be so soon dispos'd to give such a sudden Alteration to the Milk seeing that Disposition depends upon the Blood which nourishes that Substance hence it follows that as that Nutrition so the great Alteration of the Disposition proceeding from it procures its Effect by degrees but not in one or two days XXXVIII This Opinion of ours concerning the Chylous Matter of Milk Wharton seems to prove but in part for he joyns to it another Matter of which never any man hitherto makes mention For he affirms the Milk to be made partly out of Chyle and partly out of a certain Iuice flowing from the Nerves which is mingled with that Chylus But seeing there is no such Cavity in the Nerves through which such a manifest thick fatty whitish Iuice can be thought to pass but only invisible Porosities through which no such plentiful Iuice which is to be turn'd into Milk can possibly flow to the Breasts of Women that give Suck 't is apparent that no Liquor can come from the Nerves for the Generation of Milk Which is manifest from hence for that through the copious Conflux of that Animal Liquor through the Nerves to the Breasts there would be a great dissipation and waste of Animal Spirits in Women that gave Suck and an extraordinary decay of Strength whereas Women are more chearful better in health when they give Suck than at other times XXXIX These things being thus affirmed there remains a Notable Question to be examin'd that has so deterr'd most Learned men that they have rather chosen to pass it over in silence than to meddle with it What it is that forces the Chylus that was wont to flow to the Heart through the Chyliferous Channels to the Breasts for the Generation of Milk Deusingius believes That the Menstruous Blood through a certain singular Quality contracted from the Womb rarefies and as it were ferments all things in the Body and causes a Disposition proper for the generation of Milk This he says is communicated to Infants by the nourishing heat of the Womb. But that in Men and Virgins it is occasion'd by the frequent handling of the Breasts in like manner as in little Kids whose Dugs being compress'd by the hands there presently follows Milk But these plausible Reasons fall upon the Rocks by me formerly propos'd and suffer a total Shipwrack Nor is that any thing truer which Deusingius adds That the Chylus is forc'd toward the Breasts in Women with Child by a compression of the Stomach and Sweet-bread made by the growing Infant For which why does not the same thing happen in other Tumors without the Abdomen and when the dead Birth sticks in the Womb at what time there is the same compression Some will say perhaps That there is not the same Lactific Disposition infus'd by them into the Breast Which is of no moment for if the aforesaid Compression of the Stomack were requisite to concur with such a Disposition then such a Compression ceasing from the Birth after Delivery no Chylus would come to the Breasts and so there would be no Milk generated therein much less in Virgins and Men that give Milk in whom such a Compression by the Birth could never happen But these things being all contrary to Experience fall without refutation Some have recourse to the Providence of Nature others to other invalid Reasons and thus this Mystery has hitherto remain'd in obscurity But for the better discovery thereof we are first to consider That besides the Chylus and an apt Conformation of the Breasts there is requir'd toward the Generation of Milk a free passage of the Chylus to the Breasts which we easily conceive in Infants newly born by reason of the softness and the loose Porosities of the Parts But what should open that Passage in People grown to maturity which had been stopp'd up for many years he that can tell this unlooses the Gordion Knot Suck or handle the Breasts of a hundred Men Virgins and Women that do not give Suck as long as you please you shall not find the Milk come to all perhaps not to any or only to one or two But why not to all Because say you the Breasts of the rest are not sufficiently loose or porous But the same Women when afterwards with Child evince these reasons in whom there is then to be found a sufficient laxity of the Dugs XL. Therefore there is another cause to be sought after which I take to be a strong Imagination and an intent and frequent Cogitation of Milk of the Breasts and of their being suckt which works wonders in our Bodies not
simply of it self but by virtue of the appetitive Power or of the Passions of the Mind which occasion various motions of the Spirits and Humors Thus the Imagination and Thought of an extraordinary Danger makes a man tremble fall down grow cold and fall into a Fit and sometimes occasions the Hair to grow grey on a sudden Glad Thoughts revive and warm the Body Obscene Thoughts occasion Blushing and Thoughts of Terror occasion Paleness Venereal Thoughts diffuse Heat through the whole Body loosen the Genitals of Women stiffen those of Men and open the Seminary Passages otherwise invisible in such a manner as to occasion spontaneous nocturnal Pollutions This intent Imagination and desirous Thought of giving the Infant Suck is the reason why the Chyliferous Passages to the Breasts are dilated and open'd especially if some other external Causes contributing to the same purpose cherish and excite those strong Imaginations as lascivious Titillation of the Breasts the stirring of the Child in the Womb or sucking of the Nipples For according to the various Influx of the Animal Spirits the parts are sometimes streightned sometimes loosen'd as every body knows and according to that various Constriction or Dilatation the Blood and other Humors flow more or less into the Parts and are sometimes the occasion of Heat Softness Redness sometimes of Constriction Coldness and Paleness Among these impuls'd Humors is the Chylus which is continually thrust forward by the Muscles of the Abdomen through some Lactiferous Vessels and so through those Vessels that tend to the Breasts provided that a special Influx of the Animal Spirits have loosen'd those Parts through which those Vessels are carry'd and has render'd those Vessels penetrable by removing all manner of Constriction Now that this is the true Cause is apparent from that man mention'd by Santorel who upon the Death of his Wife when his Poverty would not give him leave to hire a Nurse that he might still the Cries of the Infant would often lay the Child to his Breasts no doubt with an ardent desire to give it Suck and so at length through that intent continual Cogitation and often iterated sucking of his Teats the Chyliferous Passages were loosned and his Breasts afforded Milk sufficient for the nourishment of the Infant The like Accident hapned at Viana where the Woman of the Bores-Head was brought to Bed not long after the Death of her Husband and soon after her Delivery dy'd very poor her self leaving the Infant sound and healthy of which the Grandmother taking Compassion and not able to hire a Nurse by reason of her Poverty undertook to bring it up by hand in the 60th Year of her Age at what time putting the crying Infant to her Breasts and giving it her Nipples to suck through that force of Imagination and eager desire to suckle the Child her Breasts began to give Milk and that in a few days so plentifully that the Infant wanted little other Diet to the great admiration of all that saw the Infant suckled with the Milk of an Old Woman whose Breasts had been fallen for many years Many such Examples of Old Women giving Suck Bodin relates in his Theat Natur. And the Truth of this Cause is no less evinc'd by lascivious and prurient Virgins who are full of Libidinous Thoughts and therefore often handling their Breasts sometimes without the loss of their Virginity come to have Milk in them of which sort of Milk-bearing Virgins of undoubted Honesty I happen'd to see two Bartholin witnesses another seen by himself and we find several Examples of Women yielding Milk in Vega Schenkius Caster Castellus and others collected by Bauhinus Neither will any man question but that such like lascivious Thoughts of their own Breasts and handling 'em has also produced Milk in the Breasts of Men. But in Women with Child the stirring of the Birth in the Womb excites every day more and more those Thoughts of suckling the Infant and hence when the Infant begins to move sensibly then the Milk begins to appear in the Breasts XLI I shall add a manifest Domestic Example My own Wife in March 1656. had in her lying in a sufficient quantity of Milk according as she was wont to have but the Infant for six or seven Weeks was so weak that it could not suck so that every one thought it would have died and she not dreaming any more of suckling it her Milk dry'd up But when afterwards the Child recover'd and was able to suck and my Wife had no Milk in her Breasts the Child was of necessity to be put out to Nurse But the Nurse proving bad my Wife nine Months after her Delivery sent for the Child home and while another Nurse could be found would often lay the crying Infant to her Breast wishing her self in a condition to suckle it The next day the Child was sent to another Nurse but that Evening through that same strong Imagination and Thoughtfulness her Breasts that had been dry'd up for above Eight Months began to swell and be full of Milk so that had not the Nurse been hir'd she could have suckl'd the Child her self which proves that strong Thoughts and Imaginations are the first Cause that move the Chylus to the Breasts But some will say if this were true then in those Women that have no Milk in the Flower of their Age after being brought to Bed such ardent Desires to give the Child Suck would bring Milk into their Breast but no such thing happens tho' they desire to suckle the Infant I Answer That all Thoughts are not so intent and strong as to move the Affections of the Mind without a vigorous stirring of which the Animal Spirits are not so impetuously mov'd and hence the Thoughts of Suckling the Infant tho' they frequently occur to the Womans mind yet if they do not happen with a violent and continual Intentness the Animal Spirits cannot be so copiously determin'd toward the Breasts as to be able to dilate and remove the Impediments of the Vessels tending thither Besides that many things may happen which may hinder the passage of the Chylus to the Breasts notwithstanding the present ardent desire and strong imagination of suckling the Infant as scarcity of Chylus thickness of the Breasts obstruction of the Kernels by viscous Humors by Exulceration Fall Blow or other Mischance or a natural Streightness of the Milky Vessels tending to the Breasts or compression from the neighbouring Parts and then the Effects of Thought and Imaginat on are frustrated XLII Hence it appears why Child-bearing Women have such plenty of Milk the Third Fourth or Fifth Day after Delivery Because that being tir'd with their Labour for the first Two or Three Days they do not much employ their Thoughts upon any thing and for want of Appetite eat little and breed less Chylus but the next days following when they eat more and the Infant begins to cry more then they also continually think of
the Brain were altogether untouch'd without any Damage Being thus far satisfy'd I thought good to dissect another who dy'd without any external Cause to be seen in whom there was found a thick and viscous Humor resting upon the Net like contexture the Ventricles of the Brain being neither fill'd nor obstructed Hence reasoning with my Self I judg'd it consentaneous to Reason that the Apoplexy was generated in the Arteries either obstructed or compress'd for that then the Brain receiv'd no Spirits from the Heart through the adjoyning Arteries which occasion'd an absolute necessity of its Motion and Sence And a certain Person observing these things as I suppose affirm'd that the Apoplexy was caus'd by the intercepting the Passages that are common to the Heart and Brain Thus if the Cause of the Disease of all Apoplectics were more diligently enquir'd into it would be found to proceed not from the compression or obstruction of the beginning of the Nerves in the third or middle Ventricle but solely from the compression or streightning of the Arteries tending to the Brain even then when the Apoplexy is caus'd by a rammassment of serous Matter collected in the substance of the Brain it self or between the Meninxes Which Webfer affirms that he has found to be true by experience upon several Diffections Who erroneous however conjectures this to happen by reason of the deny'd entrance of the Animal Spirits when it is manifest that the stoppage of the Arteries is the cause of it for seeing that in an Aposteme of the Brain the Orifices of the nerves are not clos'd by the quantity of Serum or Pus collected in the ventricles much less will it happen through any far slighter Collection Again that it does not happen through any Flegm that fills the Vessels of a sudden occular view teaches us in the Dissections of Apoplectics in whose Ventricles never so great a quantity of Flegm is to be found in the Ventricles and moreover because the Apoplexy is caus'd by the sole compression of the little Arteries of the wonderful Net without any detriment to the Brain much less to the Ventricles as appears by the foresaid Relations of Fernelius and the Story of Webfer of the Woman that was hang'd and yet came again to her self In which Particular Martian also agrees with us I find says he three Differences of the Apoplexy according to the Doctrine of Hippocrates Of which though there be various preceding Causes yet in reality they are all the same as consisting in the standing of the Blood by which means all Motion and Action of the Spirits are taken away For as the same Author observes when the Blood is not mov'd it is impossible but that the Motion of the Body must cease Therefore when the Blood is depriv'd of Motion not only the Motion of the Spirits is intercepted which is caus'd by the Blood but at the same time and together the generation of the Animal Spirits which is perform'd in the Brain is vitiated and interrupted for want of Matter the Veins or Arteries being intercepted for it is well known that the Animal Spirits are generated out of the Vital As to that Cause of the Apoplexy which Malpigius and Fracassatus propound when they alledge this Distemper to proceed from the stoppage of the straining through of the Serum growing in the Cortex of the Brain this Opinion if rightly explain'd will agree with the former already laid down For if the concrescible Serum as they call it that is to say if the Saltish Particles of the Blood being stopp'd in the Cortex of the Brain through the depression of the Cranium stuffing up of Flegm or any other Cause cannot be separated by straining through then also is the ingress of the Vital Spirits or Arterious blood into the brain put to a stop and thence for want of Matter for generation of the Spirits and defect of the Cause that pushes them forward when generated any farther Generation ceases as also the pushing forward of the Animal Spirits into the Nerves and thence the Apoplexy or any other Lethargic Drowsiness though the Passage of the same Spirits out of the brain it self into the Nerves may be free at the same time XIII As to the second Difficulty there is a great difference between the Generation of Animal Spirits of which we here discourse and their Determination and the Place wherein or from whence the Determination is made For because the Mind determines from the common Sensory the Spirits adhering to the Substance of the brain this does not hinder but that those Spirits may be generated in the Substance of the brain and thence be determin'd by the superior Command and Power of the Mind to these or those Parts Nor is it consequential from hence that the Spirits should be generated in that place from whence the Determination of the Mind sends them away at pleasure A Prince sitting in his Throne appoints his Subjects to these or these Offices or Places but thence it does not follow that the commanded Subjects should be born in the King's Palace or reside in his Throne for that the Beams of his Command extend themselves to the utmost Limits of his Empire He therefore that shall to the purpose explain the manner how the Appointment of the Spirits is transacted by the Soul will light a fair Flambeau for the discovery of greater Mysteries In the mean while this second Objectson makes nothing against our Opinion and therefore as most probable we conclude that the Animal Spirits are generated in the Substance of the brain it self CHAP. XI Of the Animal Spirits IN the foregoing Chapter it has been declar'd that the Office or Action of the Brain is to generate Animal Spirits and that they are elaborated in the Substance of the Brain it self now it remains that we enquire of what sort and what those Noble Spirits are and how they are generated However by the way observe that when we discourse of Spirits as here and l. 2. c. 12. we do not speak of certain incorporeal Spirits or of the general Spirit of the whole World by which the Platonics alledge that all things have their Being but of a certain most subtil Vapour which is produc'd out of Sulphur and Salt by the Concoctions of the Bowels and varies according to the variety of the Matter out of which it is extracted and the various manner of extraction which endow it with different Qualities I. The Animal Spirits are invisible Vapours most thin and volatile chiefly elaborated out of the Salt Particles of the Blood and some few Sulphury chiefly volatile and that in the Brain serving partly for the Natural partly for the Animal Actions As for those that deny that any Animal Spirits are to be allow'd specifically different from the Vital as Huffman Deusingius and several others endeavour to uphold we think it an Opinion not worth refuting and therefore to be rejected seeing that the one is compounded
rest are gristly The Second springing from the inner Part of the Talus is implanted into the Bone of the Shin looking toward the Talus The Third fastens the Exterior of the Talus to the Button Five Ligaments fasten the Talus to the Pedion The First is common which wraps about the Joynt of the Heel and Talus this is Membranous whereas the rest are gristly The Second proceeds from the lower Seat of the Talus to the Heel The Third rising from the Neck of the Talus is implanted in the Navicular Bone The Fourth joyns the Bone of the Tessara with the Neck of the Talus The Fifth couples the Bone of the Heel with the Tessara Bone and environs the Joynt VII The Bones of the Pedion are fastened one to another and to the neighbouring Bones with very hard and gristly Ligaments to which at the lower Part for the more strenuous Coroboration is added a strong peculiar Ligament which binds the middle Parts of the Bones together The Ligaments of the Metapedion and Toes differ little or nothing either in Structure Insertion and Form from the Ligaments of the Hand Under the Sole of the Foot the Skin and Fat being taken away occurs a broad and strong Ligament which fastens the the Bones of the First Phalanx and comprehends its Sesamoide Bones THE END AN INDEX OF THE Chief Matters IN THE TEN BOOKS OF ANATOMY A. ABortion the Causes of it 279 The Alantoides or Pudding Membrane c. 244. Whether in Women ibid. The Amnios 246. It 's Original 247. In Twins how dispos'd 247. A Mikie Liquor within it 250 Analogon to the Rational Soul what it is 298. Whether the same with the Rational Soul ibid. Anatomy defined 2 The Subject of it ibid. Animal Spirits how separated from the Brain 390. Where generated 422 c. Of the Animal Spirits 428 c. Difference between them and Vital 433. Twofold use 434. What they contribute to nourishment 435 Annate Tunicle 457 The Anthelix 463 The Anvil of the Ear 467 Aorta Artery 326 Apoplexy the cause of it 426 Appetite decay'd the causes 35 Apple of the Eye 459 Architectory Vertue what 222 c. The vegetative Soul 229 The Arm 493 525 Arm-pits 372 Arteries whether they enter the Substance of the Brain 391. Of the Arteries in general 522. Arteries proceeding from the Aorta 530 Artenoides Muscle 369 Ascites Dropsiâ—… the cause of it 77 The Aspera Arteria 355 366 The Auditory passage 464 The Axillary Veins 543 B. Bartholines Error 262 The Bee-hive 465 Birth whether it may be form'd on t of the Womb 170. How form'd 216. How nourish'd in the Womb 264 c. Birth natural unnatural 174. Expulsion of the Birth the Cause of it ibid. Blood defin'd it 's substance juices c. 333 How the Parts are nourished by the Blood 341. Whether it lives 343. What Blood nourishes 344. Differences of it 350 Bodies Human 2 Their Differences ibid. Bones in general 564. Their Conjuction 569. Bones of the Cranium 571. Of the whole Head 575. Of the Skull 576 Common to the Skull and upper Iaw 580 Of the upper Iaw 582. Of the lower Iaw 583. Of the Arm Shoulder Elbow 599. Of the lower Part of the Hand 600. Of the Thigh and Leg 601 Of the Extream Foot 603 A Bone in the Heart 326 Bones four small 〈◊〉 in the Eur 〈◊〉 by whom discovered 466 Bottom of the Womb 174 Brain whether a Bowel 387. It 's formation shape substance fibres c. 388 389. It 's Arteries 391. Veinâ—… 392 It's Motion 425. The Breast in general 280. In particular 281 The Bridle of the 〈◊〉 152 The Bronchial Artery 357 Bubble Christaline 218. Observations concerning it 219 c. It proceeds from the Man and Womans seed 220 Buâ—…s of the Eye 457 C. The Carotides 527 Catarrh Rolfinch's mistake concerning the Cause of it 399 Cavities of the Brain 385. Their use 386 Cavities of the Ear 463 The Caul 22 c. The Cerebel 402. It 's Vermicular processes 403 The Chaps 479 Charlton's opinion of the Blood 344 Refuted 345 Cheescake see Utrine Liver Children how born after the death of the Mother 173. Whether they can procreate 197. In the Womb whether they sleep or wake 222. Born the sixth and fifth Months 271 Choler whether generated in the Stomach 38 Choler defined 342 Choler whether two sorts 89. What it is 92. Color and taste 95. It 's motion 88 89. The Choler Vessels 86. It 's use 108 The Chorion 245. It 's Original 247 In twins how 247 The Christiline humor of the Eye 461. It 's use ibid. Chylification 33 The Chylus 27. whether it enter the Gastric Veins 41. Whether any parts nourished by it 16. It 's recepticle 61. The Chyle-bearing Channel of the Creas 16. How to discover it 63. Whether all the Chylus ascend to the Subclavial 67. Whether through the Mesariac Veins to the Liver 68. Whether carry'd through the Arteries to the Breasts 284. How changed into Milk 290. What forces it to the Breasts 292. Whether it circulate 322. Whether the whole Chylus be changed into Blood 337. Circulation of the Blood 317. The Cause 318. The manner 319. The â—…se 322 The 〈◊〉 of the Cerebel 403 404 The Câ—…vicles 506 Cleft of the female Pudendum 181 Clitoris 181. It 's Substance Muscles Vessels ibid It s Bigness 182. Irregularities 183. Whether the Seed pass through it 183 The Cobweb 〈◊〉 461 Commissures of the Craninum 573 Conception and the progress of it 208 c. The Concha of the Fare 463 Copulation whence the pleasure of it 163 Coroides Tunicle 456 Câ—…tytedons what 240 Coverings external of the Head 383. Internal 384 Crico-thyrodes Muscle 368 Crico-Artenoides Muscle 369 The Crural Arteries 531 Crying in the Womb all in an Error that have wrote concerning it 278 Curveus's mistake 253 258 D. The different Vessels belonging to Generation 140 Whether they communicate with the Seminary Vessels 141. Their progress 142. Their Substance c. 143. Experiment of Reyner de Graef 140. Rejected by Swammerdam 140. In Women called Tubes 159 Of Delivery 271. Reason of the variety of the time 273. What happens near the time of it 274. Some things admirable to be observed in delivery 275 Deusingius mistâ—…ken 255 The Diaphragma its Substance Membranes Vessels motion c. 300 301 c. Difference of Scenâ—…s 473. Difference between the Bones of Men and Women 605 Dorsal roots of the Birth 260 The Drum of the Ear 466 Dura Mater vid. Meninx Dwarfs 3 E. Little Ears of the Heart 323 Eggs in Women for Conception their Matter 158. Their Membranes ibid. Three things to be considered in them 163 Emulgent Arteries 118 Emulgent Veins 118 Emunctories of the Serum 116 Dr. Ent his Opinion refuted 253 Epididymes's vid. Parastates The Epiglottis 368. No conspicuous Muscles in it 369 Epomos vid. Neck Error in Womans reckonings 274 Eyes in general 442. Whether contagious if Diseased 443. Their holes 445 Their
Vessels Muscles 446 455 The Eye-brows 448 F. The Face 440 Fat 13 Fat folke less fit for Venery 207. Why less active 334 The Feet and the Parts of them 493 Females whether begot by the Left Stone 148 Fermentation 27 The Fibres in general Flowers in Women the cause of them 168 The Tendril Fold 132. The Net-resembling Fold in the Womb 176. The Choroides Fold 398. It s progress and use ibid. The Forehead 441 The Fornix 397 398 The Frog-Distemper 486 Frontal Muscles 441 Function of the Brain 420 Function of the Parts 3 G. Gelâ—… Animals grow fat 207 Genitals of Men and Women how they differ 185 Glandules of the Kidneys 120. Of the Mesentery 49. How passed by the Milky Vessels 59. Of the Breasts 282. Of the Larynx 369. Of the Gullet ibid Of the Tongue 483 Glissons Experiment 82 Gonorrhea the Cause of it 143. Gonorhea simplex the Cause of it 192 The Gristles in general 610 Gristle Scutiform of the Larynx 367 Angular and Guttal of the same 368 The Gristle of the Ear 464 Growth 341 The Gullet its Connexion Vessels Substance 370 c. Its Motion 371 Gums 478 The Guts 42 H. Hare of the Eye-lids 447 Hair its generation 374. The roots of it a Heterogeneous Body its form efficient Cause 375. First Original 376. Variety of Colours whence 377. Whether part of the Body 381. Whether it contributes to the strength of the Body 383 Hang'd People how kill'd 358 The Hand 493. And the Parts of it 494 Dr. Harvey's Opinion touching Conception 213 215 217. Concerning the Uterine Liver 236. His Opinion and two questions concerning the Birth 276 The Head in general 373 Heart in general 305. c. Its motion 312 c. The true Cause 316. Unnatural things bred therein 324. The Office of the Heart 329. Glissons new Opinion ibid. The Helix 463 Heat of the Blood 335 Hermophradites 183 Hernia varicosa Carnosa 133 Herophiius's Wine-press or the Forâ—…ular 385 Histories of Conception 217 c. The hollow Vein and Veins united to it above the Diaphragma 540. Below the Diaphragma 54â—… The Horny Tuincle 45â—… The Huckle-bone 589 Humors whether Parts of the Body 4. The four Humors always in the Blood 342 Humors of the Eye 459. Whether sensible 462 Hunger what and whence it proceeds 29 The Hymen whether or no 177. Whether a sign of Virginity 178 The Hyoides-bone 480 Hypothyroides Muscle 368 I. Ideas how imprinted in the Seed by Imagination 197 Jejunum Gut why Empty 110 Imagination of the Face of it 292 Indications of the Ancients taken from the Ear 463 Infants Bones how constituted 606 The Infundibulum or Funnel 413 Jugular Kernels 376 K. The Kidneys 116. Their Vessels 117 Their Substance 119. Malpigius's Discoveries ibid. Their use 120. Observations three 121. Whether they concoct Blood 125. Whether Wounds in the Kidneys be Mortal 126. Deputy Kidneys what 127 Kicking of the Infant in the Womb the Cause of it 275 276 L. The Labyrinth 468 The Lachrymal Kernel 415 The Lachrymal points 417 Larynx its Figure Vessels Bulk Substance Gristles 367 Laurentius Bellinus's fleshy Crust 482 Learned men deceived by Old womens tales 273 Ligament Ciliar 459 Ligaments in general 611. Of the Head of the Iaws Hyoides Bone and Tongue 612. Of the whole Trunk ibid. Of the Scapula's Arm and Hand 613. Of the Leg and Foot 614 Likeness of Features whence 198 Liquor in the Amnion what it is 250 c. The Liver 78. Whether a Bowel 79. Worms and Stones in it 85. The functions of it 108 109 112. The Office of the Liver 83. Sometimes joyned with the Lungs 185. Glisson's Experiment 82 The Long Marrow 406. It s difference from The Spinal Marrow ibid. The Lucid Enclosure 397 Lungs their bigness substance c. 350. Preternatural things in them 351. The colour in a Child before it is born 352 Division Lobes 353. Several Observations concerning them 354. Their motion 362 c. Lympha what 74 75. Difference between it and the Serum 76. Whether nutritive 348 Lymphatic Vessels 69. Of the Liver 81. Lymphatic Iuice the use of it ibid. Lymphatic Vessels in the Testicles 137 Of the Lungs 357 M. Males whether begot by the Right Stone 148 Malpigius's Observations of Blood 349 Materials of the Hair 378 Maxillary Kernels 376. Processes 408 The Mediastinum 303 Melancholly 342 Membranes in general 519 Membrane of the Muscles 17. Of the Drum 465 Meninxes of the Brain Dura Mater its Holes Vessels c. 384 385. Pia Mater 387 407 The Mesentery 48 The Mesenteric Milkie Vessels 58 Milk what 285 c. Whether Animal Spirits the matter of it 291 Mesue's Story concerning Milk ibid. Observation concerning it 293. Why dry'd up upon Weaning 294 Milkie Vessels to the Bladder of the Womb 122. To the Vice-Kidneys 123. Milkie Utrine Vessels a question concerning them 252. Milkie Vessels of the Breasts 283 Monstrous Births the reason 247 Mother Fits the cause of them 171 Whether from the Sweetbread juice 172 The Mount of Venus 179 Muscles 17. c. Of the Eur 464 466. Of the Cheeks Lips and lower Iaw 477. Muscles in general 497. Of the Head 503. Of the Arms and Shoulders 505. Of the Scapula 506. Assisting respiration 507. Of the Back and Loins 509. Of the Abdomen 510. Of the Radius 511. Of the Wrist and hollow of the hand ibid. Of the Fingers and Thumb 512. Of the Thigh 513. Of the Leg 515. Of the Foot 516. Of the Toes 517 The Mirtle-form'd Caruncles in Womens Privities 178 N. The Nails 607 The Nameless Bones 597 The Nameless Tunicle 457 Navel string what It s Situation 256. It s use 257 The Neck 372. Strength of the Body judged by it 372 The Nerves in general 548 c. Of the Neck 557. Of the Breast and Bâ—…ok 559. Of the Loins 560. Proceeding from the Os Sacrum 561. Of the Arm and Hand 561. Of the Thighs and Feet 563 Nerves within the Cranium 410. Second third fourth fifth Pair 414 415. Turn-again Nerves ibid. Of the Nostrils 472 Net The wonderful Net 413 Nose It s Figure Bigness Bones and spongy Bones 470 Nostrils 471 The Nut of the Yard 151. Of the Clitoris 181 The Netform'd Tunicle 459 The Nymphe Their Substance Vessels Use and Observation concerning them 180 O. Oesophagus vid. Gullet Old Men whether they grow shorter 342 The Orbicular Bone in the Ear. 467 Order to be observed in Dissecting the Brain 419 Organs of Hearing 463 Organs of Smelling 470 Original of the Principles of the Blood 337 The Os Sacrum 589 Oval Hole in the Heart 327 The Oval Window in the Ear. 468 Ovaries in Women first discovered 156. How the Eggs descend from them to the Womb 159. Womens Stones to be rather called Ovaries 158 P. The Palate 478 The Perastates 139 Pannicle fleshy 16. 383 Parenchyma of the Liver 84 Part of the Body what 3 Net Organs 4 Principal which ibid. Subservient which 8 Noble which ibid. Ignoble which ibid. Parts
Small Pox and Measles are Contagious Diseases But in this first Chapter before we speak in Particular of these Diseases it will be necessary by way of Preface to say something in General of the Names Original Nature Subjects and differences of both Diseases As to the Names we meet with some variety among the Writers of Physic. Among the Greeks the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were most in use both which the Latins comprehend under the single Name of Papulae and Alzaravius in his own Language calls Algigram and Alasmom and Mercurialis Efflorescencies by which they did not always understand two distinct Diseases but frequently one and the same Others make two sorts of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The one when the Wheals break through the Skin and rise up in Powks the other when the Colour of the Skin is only chang'd The First of these some call more particularly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latins have called Variolae as it were little Warts to which some have added the other Name of Papulae small Teats or Pushes The latter are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by the Latins Exanthemata and Morbilli We are to take notice however by the way that Exanthemata are properly those little Purple spots called the Tokens which appear upon the Skin of the Persons infected with the Plague of which we have spoken in our Treatise of the Plague but afterwards this word was by many Physitians given to the Morbilli Measles However it were at this day there is no question to be made of the Signification or Ambiguity of the Words seeing that by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Variolae all Physitians generally understand those Wheals or Powks that break forth through the Skin and Suppurate being conspicuous over all the the Body and by Exanthemata or Morbilli those little red Spots which do somewhat corrâ—…de the Skin and are sometimes full of small Pimples like Millet Seed As to the Original of these Diseases there is great variety of Opinions among the Physitians For some will have them to have been as ancient as the Original of the World and that they were well known to Hippocrates Galen and others of the Antient Greeks But Mercurialis Liddelius and others affirm that they were altogether unknown to the Greeks in former times and were first discovered in the Age of the Arabians and that therefore their first description was set forth by them whereas the Greeks have left behind them nothing in particular written about those Distempers But the latter Opinion seems to be less probable seeing that the Descriptions of the Greek Ecthymaâ—…a and Exanthemata differ very little from our Variolae or Pox as appears out of Hippocrates lib. 3. Epid. in his Cure of Silenus And because the Arabians also do not describe those Diseases as new ones which they would have done had they either known or thought to be unknown to the Greeks Add to this that though the Greeks in their Writings do not treat particularly of these Diseases as the Arabians do but intermix them in the Description of those Epidemic Diseases which are understood by the manner of their Crisis yet it cannot thence be concluded that they were to them unknown in regard the contrary to that appears from hence that they write many things common among us as well in reference the Nâ—…ture as to the Cure of those Diseases These Diseases are not one and the same but of a distinct Nature For they are the Diseases of an ill Temper which is known by a Preternatural heat and Fever as also Diseases of a deprav'd Conformation as being accompanied with Tumors and a dividing of the Continuum They are referred to acute Malignant Contagious Epidemic and Pestilent Fevers though not so deadly as the Pestilence because they are determined for the most part within fourteen days or at least never surpass the fortieth They participate of Malignity are propagated by Contagion like the Pestilence and are frequently Rise and Epidemical They only wage War with Mankind in regard it has not been observed by any Physician that ever any other Creatures are afflicted with these Distempers Moreover they are not only common to Men but to all Mankind insomuch that there are very few Men or Women living that hath them not at one time or other Hence it was the saying of Avenzoar that it was a Miracle if any living Mortal escaped these Diseases and that it was rather to be ascribed to the goodness of God then to any other cause Which Thomas Willis also seems to intimate lib. de Feb. cap. 16. where he says It is no more then what every man is to expect once to be afflicted with the Small Pox or Measles if by chance any one live free from them all his Life or if another have them more then once they are rare and unusual Events of Nature that no way contradict common Observation For it is certain that all Mankind and only Mankind is Subject to the small Pocks and Measles and if they scape them once they never have them again The Parts which are affected in these Distempers is either the whole Body in respect of the Fever or the External Parts in respect of the Wheals and Spots conspicuous in it or sometimes the Internal Parts as the Stomac Guts Lungs Liver and Kidneys for that those Parts are many times full of the Pox is frequently seen by the Dissections of Bodies cary'd of by that Distemper But these Diseases though they share of the same Malignity yet they differ in these things 1. That in regard there is a double Excrement of the Blood infected with that Malignity of which the one is thick the other thin the Pocks proceeds from the thicker Excrement and from the thinner the Measles 2. That in these by reason of the Diversity of the Matter there rises up Wheals which are full of Matter in the other only Spots appear with a small elevation of the Skin but without any Mattery Substance 3. That the first after the Patient is cured leaves Pits and Scars behind them the other cause no Deformity But because that Spots also break forth in a Pestilential Fever by which a Physitian may be lead into an Error we are to observe the difference between those Spots and the other which break for at the beginning of the Small Pox and Measles 1. That the Spots which first appear at the beginning of the Small Pox and Measles are of a florid red Color and very small but afterwards dilate and chiefly appear in the Face and Hands But the Spots in Pestilent Fevers are of a more dark Red oft-times inclining to a Purple and at the beginning somewhat broader but exactly round and never appear upon the Face and Hands but upon the Breast and Back 2. That the Spots in the Small Pox and Measles appear by way of Crisis much about the third or fourth day
superficial contiguous or disjoyn'd white or ruddy livid violet or other colored soft or hard high or low quick or slowly coming forth External or Internal CHAP. III. Of the Causes of the Small Pox. THE Causes of the Small Pox are External or Internal Concerning which there are various and great Contentions among the most Eminent Physitians so much the more vainly eager because of little or no use in regard that whatsoever be the cause of the Distempers the cure is still the same Avicen and most of the Arabians the first most accurate Describers of these Diseases refer the material Cause to the Impurity of the Mothers Blood slagnant in the Woman with Child and with which the Birth was nourished in the Womb. Which Corruption they write lyes dormant so long in the Body till by vertue of some specific efficient Cause it be provoked to a fermentaceous Effervescency and being powred forth into the Mass of the Blood it sets it all in a boiling Condition and by that means separates that Defilment adhering from the Birth to some minute Particles of the Body and being so separated pushes it forward together with the Particles of the Blood so defiled by it to the Extream Parts of the Body and there raises up those Wheals as in new Wine the Heterogeneal Parts are separated from the Homogeneal Parts of the Wine by Fermentaceous Ebullition Avenzoar seems to differ somewhat from Avicen for observing that the Birth in the Womb without hazard of Life can hardly be nourished by the impure menstruous Blood restagnant therein but with some other Blood good of it self only by reason of its Fellowship with the menstruous Blood defiled by its Superior Corruption and farther that Men in the Womb must be nourished either with some such menstruous Blood or some other impure Blood and for that reason contracted that Impurity from the first Nutrition of the Parts Hence it was that the Arabians believed that all Men were subject to the Small-Pox in regard that Impurity was again to be separated from the Parts So that if that Specific Fermentaceous Effervescency be strongly and efficiently performed at the first coming of the Small-Pox then that Impurity becomes totally evacuated and then the Person to whom that Disease happens lives free from that Distemper all the rest of his Life as when Butter is once by a strong Churming separated from Milk turning sowr no Churming how violent soever can separate any more Butter from it But if that Effervescency be not violent enough that Impurity happens not to be totally expelled and so the same Person when the Reliques of that Defilement ferment again upon some other Cause may happen to have the same Distemper a second and third time but rarely a fourth Duncanus Liddelius stoutly defends the Opinion of the Arabians which is also followed by Fracastorius Amatus Forestus and several other Physitians and among the rest by Thomas Willis Lib. de Feb. c. 15. Where among other Reasons for greater Confirmation he adds these Words In the Womb of Woman says he as in most other Creatures there is generated a certain Ferment which being communicated to the Mass of Blood gives it Vigor and Spirit and causes it to swell at certain Periods of Time and procures an Expulsion of the Superstâ—…ous Blood But at the time of Conception when the Flowers cease to â—…low the chiefest Part of this Ferment is expended upon the Birth and the Particles of it heterogeneous from some of the rest as it were somewhat of foreign Substance are confused with the Mass of the Blood and Humors where they lye dormant a long time Afterwards being stirred and provoked by some evident Cause they ferment with the Blood and make it first boyl and then congeal from whence various Symptoms of this Disease arise Gentilis rejects this Opinion of the Arabians not believing the Birth to be nourished in the Womb with any Impure Blood nor that so much Impurity could abide for so many years in Men grown up and old People when they are seized with the Small-Pox after so many Purgations by Sweat Fevers Itches and other intervening Diseases besides the Cure of the Great Pox nor can he think but that Women must be cleared of those Impurities in so long a time by their monthly Evacuations Mercurialis complies with Gentilis who also asserts that the Small Pox is a Hereditary Disease and consequently that there is hardly any Man who can escape them because all Men are born of Parents vitiated by this Distemper and he endeavours to confirm this Opinion of his by several sinewy Reasons which however Daniel Sennnertus overthrows by others much the stronger Fernelius observing something occult in the Productions of the Small Pox besides the various Reasons propounded by Gentilis and others affirms that they are produced by sâ—…me Celestial and hidden Causes which when Infants and Children are less able to withstand than People grown up Hence he says it happens that the one are much more Subject to this Disease than the other But this Opinion of Fernelius is notably refuted by Mercurialis Lib. de Morb. Puer Sennertus grants the Small Pox to rise and be thrust forth by some certain and determined putrid Ebullition of the Humors but he will have this Ebullition to arise from three Causes from the Malignant Air from the Mothers Blood and vitious Nourishment and labours in a large Explanation of his this his own and the Opinion of the Arabians and Fernelius But to speak the truth none of these Opinions please me Not that of the Arabians because besides the Reasons alledged by Gentilis there is this one more For that seeing that Defilement contracted from the Mothers Blood is asserted to be common to all Men there would be no Man excused from this Disease which is contrary to Experience when several that have liv'd to an extream old Age never had the Small-Pox in their Lives as we have known several in our own Family Besides if the Impurity of the Menstruous Blood communicated to the Birth were the Cause of the Small-Pox why are not those Women themselves subject to it whose Flowers stop beyond the Course of Nature especially they who never had their Courses in all their Lives yet for all that were fruitful and had several Children of which Women there are several Examples to be found in Trincavellius Guainerius Bertinus Marcellus Donatus Ioubert Fabricius and several others Besides that private Defilement of every Woman could very hardly infect others by Contagion or excite a latent Contamination in the Bodies of others to a like Ebullition If you say it may then give me a Reason why all they that fit by and attend upon People when the Pox is come forth and endure their Stenches are not infected with the Small Pox though they never had them before Why has not that Contagion infected me that am near seventy years of Age who have visited thousands in the height
Diet recovered his lost Strength However for a long time after his Cure he was ill and coveted after any sort of Drink which ill Habit however afterward vanished so soon as his Guts by the use of good Diet were again fortified with new Slime which had been corroded away by the Acrimony of the former Humors This Patient thus cured the same Distemper seiz'd three or four others in the same House who were all cur'd in the same manner ANNOTATIONS AT the same time at Montfort Dysenteries were very rise over the whole Town among the Common People and kill'd several which therefore many judg'd to be Malignant and Contagious but erroneously for that it was not rife as it was contagious but in regard of the Season of the year and the Diet then in use for the Autumn of the Year before was hot and moist and had multiplied many Humors in the Bodies of People then followed a dry and intensly cold Winter which intense Cold lasted a long time with a most terrible Frost and thickned those Humors But at the beginning of February that rigid Cold changed of a sudden into a mild Warmth by which means the Humors condensed by the Cold were dissolved again and became fluid Now during the Frost because there was no bringing of fresh Flesh or Fish or any other fresh Diet the Common People fed upon old Flesh and old Fish salted and hardned in the Smoak Turneps much Spice and the like Food that sharpen the Humors which being again dissolved and rendred fluid by the sudden Heat occasioned that great number of Dysenteries yet no where but among the vulgar People that made use of such a sort of Diet for the wealthy sort that eat well were not at all troubled with the Distemper Hence also it came to pass that because three or four in the same House fed alike they had all the same Disease not that the Disease was common upon the score of Contagion for then it would have infected those that came to them as well as themselves OBSERVATION XVIII A Dysentery PAnâ—…ras Collert a stout young Man about two and twenty years of age at the same time also was seized with a Dysentery and in regard he could not endure to take Physic perhaps because he was very Covetous he refused to take the Advice of any Physitians but would needs be his own Physitian He had observed that I was wont to purge Dysenteries at the beginning and therefore he resolved to follow my Course in his own Disease yet willing to spare Cost he prepared himself the following Purge Tabacco small cut â„¥ s. this he steep'd in small Ale all Night the next Morning he boil'd it a little and strain'd it and drank of the whole Straining at a Draught After which he was taken with an extraordinary Faintness even to Swooning so that the People of the House thought he would have died Presently followed a prodigious Vomiting and Purging downwards so that he voided an Extraordinary quantity of various Humors especially yellow and green Choler upwards and downwards by which means the Cause of the Disease being violently and altogether evacuated he was cured of his Dysentery by that one Draught ANNOTATIONS SAys Celsus Oft times those whom Reason will not recover Rashness helps This is apparent by the Example of that young Man whose Rashness had any other weaker Persons followed they had perhaps cured their Dysentery by the Flux of their Soul For Tobacco that way taken is a most vehement disturbing Medicament against the Violence of which there is no resistance And therefore I would not advise all People to use this Experiment If the rash taking of such a violent Medicine succeed well with some young Persons that are of a robust Constitution the same Success is not to be expected in all People Nevertheless that this Tobacco thus taken by a very strong Man should heal his Dysentery is no way repugnant to Reason for by its extraordinary Violence it evacuated altogether the whole Cause of the Distemper I heard also that two other country Boors being troubled with a Dysentery made tryal of the same Experiment OBSERVATION XIX Suppression of Female Purgations ANtonia a Plethoric Woman very strong about three and twenty years of age lying in of her first Child rising the third day after her Delivery too venturously trusted herself to the cold Air upon which her Purgations immediately stopp'd yet she was well enough till the third Week of her Month at what time a violent Pain seized her Right-side toward the Region of the Spleen as also her Loyns and extended it self from the Huckle-bone to the true Ribs The Pain had brought her very low and taken away her Appetite yet by her Pulse I found she had no Fever and therefore upon the twentieth of September I ordered her to be purged with this following Potion â„ž The best Rhubarb Ê’j Leaves of Senna cleansed Ê’iij Rhenish Tartar Anisâ—…seeds an Ê’j s. Mugwort water q. s. Make an Infusion according to Art Adding to the Straining Elect of Hiera Picra Ê’j s. for a Potion After this Purge she loathed Physic to that degree that we must have here given over but that upon the twenty second of September she was seized with a violent Suffocation from her Womb by which the Passage of her Breath being stopp'd she was almost stifled and sometimes swooned away Then tormented with her Pains and afraid to dye she promised to take whatever we gave her though never so ungrateful to the Palate so there were any Hopes of Ease There to abate the Uterine Suffocation I gave her this Decoction of which she was to take one two or three Ounces several times a day â„ž Leaves of Rue one Handful seed of Lovage Ê’vj Down of Nuts â„¥ â—… Seed of Caraways and Bishops-weed Ê’j Decoction of Barly-water q. s. Boil them to a Pint and strain them By the use of this the Suffocation was almost vanquished only the Pains of her Side more and more increased and extended themselves to her very Shoulder so that I began to be afraid of her Life therefore the twenty fourth of September this Apozeme was made â„ž Roots of Fennel Valerian Stone-Parsly an â„¥ s. Of Briony Ê’vi Of round Birthwort Dittany an Ê’jj Of Sassafras-wood Ê’iij Herbs Mugwort Rue Peniroyal Feverfew Savine Nipp an Handful j. Flowers of Camomil half a Handful Seed of Lovage Ê’v Common Water q. s. Boil them to two Pints In the straining steep for a whole Night together Leaves of Senna cleansed â„¥ ij White Agaric Ê’j s. Aniseseed Ê’v In the Morning let them simper over the Fire and then strain them by Expression for an Apozeme Of this Decoction she took twice a day in the Morning and at four or five a clock in the Afternoon each time four or five Ounces lukewarm which brought away every day three four or five times putrid nasty tough black and very viscous Excrements besides an extraordinary deal
of Wind. In the intervening Hours because of the Suffocations frequently returning she sometimes took her first Decoction By the use of these Medicines within four days the greatest part of her Pains ceased The twenty ninth of September I ordered the Saphena Vein in her Left-foot to be opened and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away which gave her ease and the same day she took her last Apozeme again of which the following days she drank no more than once a day And thus by the use of these Remedies she escaped a dangerous Disease and recovered her Health ANNOTATIONS CHild-bearing Women in their Lyings in frequently commit very great Errors afterwards the Causes of great Mischiefs Among which this is not the least that they are over confident of their own Strength and trust themselves in the Air sooner than the time of their Lying in will permit whence arise those dangerous Diseases Suppression of the Courses Fevers Suffocations and many others of which there are several Examples to be found in Authors besides what we see every day Thus in our Practice we have seen through this Error committed by Child-bearing Women most terrible Diseases brought upon them some of whom have died others ran most terrible Hazards others have goâ—… those afflictions of some particular Part which they could never claw off as long as they liv'd They do not all escape so luckily as our Patient before mentioned for sometimes extream Weakness or loathing of the Taste or a Fever or some other thing hinders the taking of the Medicaments or inverts or hinders the operation of the Medicines and then all the Art and Diligence of the Physitian signifies nothing Thus the same year that I had this Woman in Cure the Wife of a Kinsman of mine at Utrecht a strong Woman fell into the same Distemper but not to be cured by all the Prescriptions of the most learned and prudent Physitians In these Cases I have observed this that the Courses suppressed a little after Delivery unless they be stirred within three or four days by Medicaments can very hardly or not at all be moved by the help of the Physitians but are the Causes of very desperate Diseases which Diseases do not presently appear sometimes not till after some days sometimes not till after the third or fourth Week And in the Cure of these Diseases I have farther observed this that the greatest Relief is given at the beginning before the Strength of the Patient is abated partly by attenuating Apozems and loosning withal to provoke and evacuate the Matters peccant both in quantity and quality partly by Blood-letting in the Feet which way of Cure I have with success experienced more than once OBSERVATION XX. The Nephritic Passion THE Young Lady Calsâ—…ager was so cruelly tormented for three days with a Pain a little below her Loyns that she knew not where to turn her self these Pains were also accompanied with Vomiting and an extraordinary Restlessness It was the Nephritic Passion and the Gravel or Stone descending through the Ureters caused this Pain Wherefore to expel the Gravel with more speed and ease I prescribed this Decoction â„ž Slic'd Licorice â„¥ s. Herbs Stone-parsly Althea Chervil Mallows Water-parsly Leaves of black Ribs an one Handful Flowers of Camomil one Handful and a half fat Figs n o ix New Milk common Water an q. s. Boil them to the Consumption of the third part for an Apozem That Day she drank almost all the Decoction and about Evening voided some small Stones with a good quantity of Gravel and was freed from her Distemper ANNOTATIONS MEdicines that break the Stone sometimes crumble the little Stones that stick in the Kidneys as Experience tells us But when they are expell'd out of the Kidneys and stick in the Ureters they are not to be crumbled by the force of any Medicaments whatever which Reason besides Experience teaches us since no Medicaments can reach thither with their Vertue entire for that the great quantity of Serum running thither and there setling hinders and abates the Strength of the Medicaments so that they are disabled in their Operation And therefore to force the Stones out of the Ureter lenifying and molifying Medicaments must be mixed with the Diuretics to smooth and mollifie the Ureters and to prepare a more easie Descent for the Stone Such is that Decoction which I and such is that Prescription of Io. Baptist Thodosius which he boast never fail'd him in driving out the Stone though he had made use of it several and several times â„ž Leaves of fresh gathered Althea one Handful and a half New Butter â„¥ iij. Honey lb j. Boil them together in Water q. s. to the Consumption of the third part Take of the Straining a warm Draught Morning and Evening Such is also that celebrated Secret of Forestus which most Physitians highly approve and which I have successfully made use of only now and then with some Alterations and Additions of which Forestus himself thus writes This my Secret I will no longer conceal for tâ—…e common Benefit of the Sick that it may not be laid to mine which was laid to the Charge of the wicked Servant who hid the Talent which God had given him in the Earth And therefore I will no longer to the Prejudice of Posterity keep this Secret by me which is this â„ž Seed of Mallows Althea an Ê’iij Red Vetches â„¥ iij. The four greater Seeds an Ê’ij Barly cleaned â„¥ ij Fat Figs n o ix Sebeston n o vij Licorice slic'd Ê’j Rain-water 〈◊〉 iiij Boil these to the Consumption of half and reserve the Straining for use which the Patient continually using always voided Stones OBSERVATION XXI The Worms A Little Boy the Son of Antonius about three years of age had the lower part of his Belly extreamly swell'd and stretch'd like a Drumb so that he seem'd to be Hydropic his Stomach was gone with a slight Fever accompanied with Frights in his Sleep and he would be always rubbing his Nose with his Fingers I guess'd them to be either Worms or crude Humors sticking in the first Region of the Belly that caused all those evil Symptoms Wherefore because the Child would take nothing but would be always drinking I ordered new Ale to be given him for his Drink with which I only mixt a little Oyl of Vitriol so much as suffic'd to give it a gentle Sowrness This Drink being continued for a fortnight or three Weeks the Swelling of his Belly fell but he voided no Worms ANNOTATIONS OYl of Vitriol given after that manner does not only remove all Putrefactions and Corruptions but kills and consumes the Worms in the Stomach and Guts and those that are infested with such like evils and we have seen it recover those that have been despaired of contrary to Expectation Thus my Sister Cornelia when she came to be seven years of Age and was miserably tormented with the Worms in her Belly and had taken several Remedies to no
and Common-water equal parts boyl them to a Pint. But in regard the Women that stood by desired that something might be laid to her Feet to draw the Matrix down I prescribed this following Paste which was laid to her Feet â„ž Leaves of Green Butter-burr M. v. bruise them small adding to them sowr Leven â„¥ iij. Salt Ê’j s. VVine Decoction of Feverfew q. s. make a Paste This abated the Uterine suffocation But in regard it was not altogether gone off the twentieth of October she was Purged again with Hiera Picra the twenty first she took the Decoction again The next day she took a Sudorifie after which when she had Sweat well she was freed from her suffocations â„ž Crabs Eyes prepared Salt of Carduus an ℈ j. Treacle of Andromach Ê’j Castor Saffron an gâ—… iiij Treacle-water â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Amber drops xii mix them for a draught The rest of the Cure there being no necessity we deferred till the eight of November at what time she returned to the use of her Pills and Infusion prescribed October the second November the fourteenth she was let Blood in the Saphaena Vein of the left Foot the eighteenth her Courses came down plentifully and from that time she continued in Health ANNOTATIONS AT the same time that the Courses flow it behoves Women to have a great care of themselves otherwise they are easily stopped again by drinking cold Water or from cold Air or Wind getting into the parts or catching cold in the Feet or upon frights or mistake in Diet or otherwise which afterwards prove the causes of grievous Maladies as it befel this our Patient Thus Forestus tells a Story of a Maid that when she had her Courses washed her Rooms bare-foot which putting a stop upon her Courses terrible Symptoms ensued not could that Flux be brought down again till aâ—…ter some Months The same Person relates another Story of a Young Girl that at the time of her Courses leapt into the Water and of a Country Wench that at such another season ordered her self to be let Blood For the Provocation of the courses we use many Remedies and as variously composed as we find the Patients willing to take them and for that reason besides the Historical infusion we gave our Patient Pills as more grateful and no less effectual in that disease which Pills many Physitians prescribe after several forms Montagnana praises these â„ž Trochischs of Myrrh Ê’j s. seed of Parsley Cassia-wood an ℈ s. Mosch gr xv make them into Pills with the juice of Parsley Sennertus commends Trochischs of of Myrrh taken in Pills and these also â„ž Trochischs of Myrrh ℈ iiij Extract of Gentian Savin an ℈ j. Castor ℈ s. make these into Pills the dose is ℈ ij Others believe these more Effectual â„ž Trochischs of Myrrh species Hiera Diambre Venetian Borax prepared Steel Castor an ℈ ij Saffrons ℈ j Gum Ammoniac dissolved in Vinegar of squills Ê’iij make small Pills the dose from ℈ j. to two Zacutus of Portugal tells of a Noble Matron that reduced to the last Extremity when no other Remedies would do her good was cured at length by taking Pills only of Steel and Powder of Calamint prepared with Syrup of Mug-wort of which she took one dram in the Morning and exercised upon it for the space of twenty days As for laying Medicins to the Feet if they have no great force in Uterin Maladies yet they do no harm and therefore the designs of Patients may be satisfied in that Particular especially those things having the approbation of great Physitians as being useful by their peculiar Qualitys as Mug-wort Penyroyal Savin Fever-few cheifly the Leaves of the Butter-bur and Burdock which are thought by some to be of that force that being laid upon the Head they draw the Matrix upward being apply'd to the Feet they draw it downward The ancient also used to tye to the Feet of menstruous Women and Women newly deliver'd to provoke the courses Spunges dipt in Vinegar and squeez'd again OBSERVATION XXXV An immoderate and violent Purging A Kinsman of that Stout and Valiant Gentleman Mr. Lucas Captain of Horse about forty years of Age finding himself not very well by my Advice steeped all Night in â„¥ iij or iiij of small Ale Leaves of Senna Ê’ij Rhubarb Ê’j and Anisâ—…d ℈ ij for he said he was easily moved and drank the Straining the next Morning This slight and gentle Purge within the space of eight hours gave him about threescore Stools and perhaps there had been an end of his Life had I not stayed the Flux with the following draught and provoked him to Sweat â„ž Terra Sigillata ℈ j. s. Red Coral prepared Harts horn burnt an ℈ j. Treacle of Andromachus ℈ iiij Nicholas's Rest ℈ j. Treacle and Carduus-water an â„¥ j. mix them for a draught I ordered also Napkins scalding hot to be applyed to his Belly one after another and so the Flux stayed I perswaded him for the future not to take any Purge by the Advice of any Physitian though never so gentle unless upon eminent necessity but rather to Ioosen his Belly with a Glyster or some Emollient Broth. ANNOTATIONS THose Physitians are unfortunate who at the Beginning of their Practise meet with such a Patient as this for they expose themselves not to a little hazard of their Reputation For it happens in Physie that the younger Physitians are called the best Tormentors and if by their Medicaments they cure any Patient of a dangerous Disease it is ascribed to chance but if the Patient miscary under the violence of the Distemper then they impute it to the Physitian and his Prescriptions Thus without doubt here had been some mistake laid to my charge had the Medicament by me prescribed been prepared in an Apothecary's Shop and People would have said there had been some Poyson mixed with it but I was freed from that Calumny in regard that Capt. Lucas's Wife made the Infusion and prepared it her self The same accident befel my Brother also who having prescribed only a Dram of Rhubarb for a Gentleman to take and to steep it first at his own House in small Ale by that single Draught had above forty Stools There is a great difference in Men as to Purging some strong Men whom hardly any Medicaments will stir sometime the most easie and gentle Physic casts them into violent Fluxes Others who are lookt upon to be most easily and soonest moved many times the strongest Purgations will not stir Thus I knew a Man of a very short Stature and Lean whom nothing could Purge but Tobacco steep'd in Ale all Night and the straining given him next Morning nor did that give him above three or four Stools without any Alteration which would have put another Man in danger of his Life The Wife of Simon VVigger a weak and lean Woman could hardly be Purged with any Cathartic only Tobacco moved her and that without any trouble Cornelius
the Head hence this Melancholy is not particular to any Part but Sympathetic and therefore from the Name of the Place where the Nourishment of the Distemper lyes is called Hypochondriac V. This Melancholly Delirium is hard to be cured and not void of danger 1. Because the Causes of it are mischievous and remote in regard they occasion the Generation and Accumulation of that feculent Melancholly Matter in the Hypochondriums 2. Because that feculent Matter is obstinate and not easily tam'd by Medicaments and infects the Animal Spirits with a peculiar evil Temper 3. Because the Cure requiring a longer time the question is whether the Patient will take so much Physic or no. 4. Because the continued ascent of the Melancholly humor to the Brain the Distemper instead of being Sympathetic may turn to be the peculiar Passion of that Part. 5. Because those Melancholly Humors are troublesom to the Membranes of the Brain and Nerves through their occult and manifest Qualities their acrimony and sourness c. whence the fear is least their copious afflux to the Brain should cause Convulsions Epilepses c. 6. Because this Delirium is not accompanied with Laughter but with a sad and serious Musing Yet while there is strength and a willingness to take Physic there is some hopes of Cure VI. In the Method of Cure the containing Cause is first to be discussed and the ill temper of the Animal Spirit to be removed as also that the Antecedent Cause or Melancholly Humor in the Hypocondriums be atteuated digested and evacuated and a new Generation and Accumulation of it prevented that Obstructions be removed and that the Brain Spleen and other Bowels be corroborated VII Milder Medicaments not very hot will be most convenient least the Matter being agitated by stronger and very hot Medicines be carried in too great a quantity to the Heart and Brain VIII First loosen the Belly with this Glyster â„ž Emollient Decoction â„¥ x. choice Hiera Pâ—…cra Diacatholicon an â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Camomile â„¥ j. s. Salt Ê’ j. mix them for a Glyster The next day but one or the third day give him this Purge â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ s. white Agaric Anise-seed an Ê’ j. Ginger ℈ j. Decoction of Barly q. s. make an Infusion then add to the straining Confect Hamech Ê’ ij Hiera Picra Ê’ j. For a Potion IX Now because People thus affected have their Veins swelled with a Palpitation of the Heart sometimes and that their strength is in good Condition after Purging Blood-letting will not be amiss in the Arm or if the Hemorhoid Veins appear Leeches may be properly applied X. This done let the Patient drink three or four times a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Root of Polipody of the Oak â„¥ j. Eringos Cammoch Rind of the Roots of Capers Tamarisch an â„¥ s. Herbs Borage Roman-Wormwood Strawberry-leaves all the Dandelions Ceterach Germander water Trefoile an M. j. March Violet leaves and Baum an M. s. Citron and Orange-Peels an â„¥ s. Damask Prunes vij Currants â„¥ ij Steel ty'd in a little knot â„¥ j. Anise-seed Ê’ iij. common Water q. s. Make an Apozem of lb j. s. XI After he has used this Apozem four days let him take the Puâ—…ge aforesaid again and then return to his Apozem and so continue this method for some time and if he be bound while he takes his Glister let him be loosened with the foregoing Glister now and then the Apozem may be made Purging by adding â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ ij Root of black-Hellebore Ê’ ij Indian Mirobalans Ê’ vj. Anise-seed â„¥ s. and let him drink â„¥ iiij every Morning If he find himself nauseous and inclining to Vomit this Vomitory may be given him â„ž Conserve of Leaves of Asarabacca Ê’ x. Decoction of Radishes â„¥ iij. Oxymel Scyllitic with Agric â„¥ s. Vomitious Wine Ê’ iij. XII In the mean time that he takes these things let him also for the strengthening of his Head and Bowels take of these Tablets several times in the Day â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’j Dianthos Aromatic Rosatum an ℈ j. Powder of the Yellow of Citron-rina ℈ j. s. Sugar dissolved in Betony-water â„¥ ij For Tablets Or let him sometimes take a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’ j. Conserve of Borage Baum Rosemary-flowers pale Roses an Ê’ iij. Syrup of Citron rind q. s. XIII Let him keep in a good and pleasant Air and avoid Loanliness converse with merry Company and be merry himself Let him abstain from all Meats of hard Digestion and ill Nourishment especially salted and smoaked food Let him avoid bottled and windy Drink and let his Salads and Sauces be such as attenuate and open and promote Concoction but not very hot HISTORY V. Of Madness A Young Gentlewoman about twenty eight Years of Age lusty perspicacious melancholy musing and thoughtful but using an ill Diet and sometimes liable to obstructions in her Hypochondriums finding her self to be slighted by her Parents a long time concealed her greif and publickly shewed her self chearful but spent the Nights without sleep in Morosness Tears and Sighs At length she was taken with a pain in her Head accompany'd with a slight Fever disorderly but continual within a few days her pain leaving her she appeared to be light Headed for she that was before reserved of her Speech grew to be very talkative of a suddain so that at length she began to talk not only all day but all night long However for the first two or three days though she talked much yet what she said was all sence and rational enough but after that she fell to raving and non-sence then her Fever ceased but still she never slept this Delirium within a few days increased to that degree that she grew sullen angry run about the Chamber made a noise and grew so out-ragious that she laid violent hands upon all that came near her talked obscenely and tore her Cloaths so that she was forced to be held down in her Bed nevertheless she was strong had her Evacuations duly and an indifferent good Stomach nor was she very thirsty neither was she much sensible of the bitter Cold Frosty Winter-Season though she had hardly any Cloaths upon her but was always warm I. THAT the Brain of this Woman was terribly affected appears by her continued Madness accompanied with want of sleep boldness immodesty and anger and that her Heart and the rest of her Body suffered was plain from her extraordinary heat II. This Delirium is called Madness and is a continued Commotion of the Mind with an enraged Boldness arising from the heat of the Spirits III. The chiefest of all the evident Causes was her grief to be so slighted by her Parents which though she dissemblingly suppressed at first nevertheless in a young Person Melancholy of her self and by reason of her disorderly Diet abounding with Choleric and Melancholy humors and so liable to Diseases it might easily produce a raging Delirium For
Molestation of the Animal Actions with a cold Rhuminess of the whole Body in which Distemper the Patient keeps that Posture of Body wherein they were when first taken III. The Brain of this Woman was affected not the whole but in that Part where the common Sense lies and that by a vitious Humor or Vapor translated thither from the Womb. IV. The Antecedent Cause is a vitious and viscous Humor or thick Vapor generated or collected in the Womb and thence conveighed to the Head through blind Channels which adhering to the common Sensory and Parts adjoyning and involving them of a sudden hinders the determination of the Spirits from the common Sensory and so constitutes the containing Cause of this Catalepsis V. Now because the whole Brain is not affected but that sufficient Spirits are generated therein whose Influx into the Nerves is not hindred by any Compression or Obstruction of the beginning of the Nerves hence it comes to pass that those Spirits flowing into the Parts designed when the common Sensory is already possessed of a sudden by that vitious Humor or thick Vapor are not determined to other Parts but copiously flow to those Parts to which they were determined just before the Catalepsis Which is the reason that the several Parts remain in that Posture wherein they were before the Fit and that the Eyes Arms and Thighs remain as it were fixed VI. Now the reason why the Patient stands being set upon her Legs and why her Members being moved this way or that remain in the same Situation is this because the Situation of the Muscles being changed the Influx of the Spirits is also changed and the Pores before open through which the Spirits flowed are shut but others which were shut before are opened so that the Spirits which copiously flowed before into these the Situation being altered flows into those Muscles into which they still also flow till the Situation be altered VII Respiration is performed after the same manner as in those that sleep and remains unhurt partly because of the remarkable largeness and broadness of the Pores and the mainly necessary use of the Respiratory Nerves partly because of the Customary and continual Determination to the Respiratory Nerves VIII The Fit ceases upon the discussing or dissipation of that Humor or Vapor which possesses the common Sensory And the Fit returns when any Vapor or Humor of the same Nature suddenly takes possession again of the same common Sensory IX This Distemper is very dangerous because the most noble Part is affected and because those vitious Humors or Vapors are not easily dispiers'd But in this Patient there was great hopes of Cure in regard the Malady was not generated in the Brain but arose from another Place Besides that the Fits being short we thence judge the common Sensory to be seized not so much by a tough and viscous Humor as by a thick Vapor which is more easily attenuated and dispelled However in regard this thick Vapor may condense into a tough Humor to the hazard of a more durable Catalepsis and loss of Life it self therefore the Cure is not to be delay'd X. The Method of Curing is 1. To discuss that thick Humor or Vapor possessing the common Sensory 2. To purge the Womb and remove the Obstructions of it and prevent a new Generation of that depraved Humor 3. To prevent the assent of that Humor or Vapor to the Head 4. To strengthen the Head that it may no more admit of those Humors or Vapors but may be able forthwith to dissipaâ—… and expel them XI In the Fit let this Sternutory be blown up into the Nostrils that the Expulsive Faculty being provoked the Vapor or Humor may thereby be violently removed â„ž Root of white Hellebore ℈ j. s. Pellitory Leaves of Marjoram Flowers af Lilly of the Valley an ℈ s. Black Pepper Corns n o vii Castoreum gr iiij Then anoint the Nostrils Temples and Top of the Head with this Liniment and put a little Cotton dipped in it into the Ears â„ž Oil of Thyme Rosemary Sage Caroways Castoreum Amber an ℈ s. Martiate Oyntment Ê’j Then let this little Bag be hung about the Neck â„ž Castor Assa Fetida Camphor an ℈ j. s. Sow them into a thin silk Bag. And in the mean time omit not the giving of a strong Glister XII If after all this the Fit remain apply Cupping glasses with and without Scarrification to the Necks Scapulas and Shoulders with dolorific Ligatures and painful Frictions of the Thighs and Feet Then leÌ„t this little Bag boil a little while in Wine and then squeez'd be laid warm upon the top of the Head â„ž Flowers of Rosemary Marjoram Thyme Calamint Flowers of Camomil and Stoechas an M. s. Seeds of Cummin Caroways Lovage an Ê’j s. Lawrel-berry Nutmegs an Ê’j For a little Bag. XIII The Fit being gone off give this purging Draught â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ s. White Agaric Ê’j Seed of Lovage ℈ ij Decoction of Barley q. s. infuse them and add to the Straining Elect. Hiera Picra Ê’ij XIV The Body being thus purged open a Vein in the Ancle and take away six or eight ounces of Blood XV. Then let the Patient drink three or four times a day a Draught of this Apozem â„ž Roots of Fennel Valerian Dittany Aromatic Reed Male Pyony an â„¥ s. Herbs Marjoram Nipp Calamint Rue Peniroyal Water Trefoil Baum an M. j. Flowers of Camomil Melilot Stoechas an M. s. Seeds of Lovage and wild Carrots an Ê’ij Iuniper Berries Ê’vj Water q. s. For an Apozem of lbj. s. XVI These Medicaments are to be often repeated as occasion requires And as for the regular Course of living let the Air be temperate and pure perfumed sometimes with Rosemary Baum Thyme Rue Lovage Castor and the like The Diet of good Juice and easie Digestion as such as corroborates the Brain and Womb. The Drink small and without Setling Sleep and Exercise moderate and let all the Patients Evacuations be regular and in due time either spontaneous or procured by Art HISTORY X. Of Giddiness A Woman of thirty years of age fat and lusty of a flegmatic Constitution having many times been troubled so soon as Winter was over with a heavy Pain in her Head and Noise in her Ears at length in the Spring time was taken with a Giddiness that often went and came first more mild then more vehement at what time she thought all things turned round so that sometimes she could hardly stand upright but fell down unable to rise till the Giddiness ceased which presently returned if she looked upon Wheels that ran round Flame or Smoak ascending upward upon any rapid Stream or from any Precipice Her Appetite and Digestion were good her Evacuations were regular and in Season and all the Bowels of the middle and lower Belly seemed to be in a good Condition I. CErtain it is that the Seat of this Affection was in the Brain in regard that Annoyance
of the Sight did not proceed from any Fault of the Sight or of the Medinum or the Object II. This Malady by the Physicians is called Vertigo or Giddiness And is a Deception of the Sight which makes that visible Objects seem to turn round arising from a kind of Whirl-pit Motion of the Animal Spirits in the Brain III. The remote Cause is the External Motion refrigerating the Brain and streightning the Passages of it appointed for the evacuating of Excrements so that Flegm abounding in the Body and copiously collected in the Ventricles of the Brain constitutes the containing Cause IV. By those flegmatic Humors the Ventricles are first distended thence the heavy Pain This Flegm augmenting stops up the Passages of the Brain through which the Spirits ought to pass partly by repletion partly by compression so that the Spirits missing their direct Passage and lighting upon the obstructed Passage gets thorough in a circular Motion as Water falling with violence if it meet a Dam in its way recoils three or four times in Circles before it run by V. These whirling Spirits thus circularly carried to the Seat of the Mind intermixing with the Images of visible things which are carried to the same Mind are offered to the common Sensory with the same circular Motion and so occasion that Fallacy of Sight by which all visible Objects seem to be whirled about in the same manner as the Images of visible things VI. But this same whirling of the Spirits does not last partly because the narrowness of the Passages of the Brain is sometimes more sometimes less partly because the Spirits are sometimes thicker and sometimes thinner and pass through sometimes with more sometimes less violence which is the reason the Vertigo comes by Fits For in the Motion of the Body the Spirits are moved with more violence and in greater abundance which if they cannot pass freely and directly through the ordinary Passages of the Brain but light here and there upon the obstructed Passages causes the Fit whether they be thin or thick For the Repulse of the Obstruction puts them into a Circumgyration and the plenty and violent rushing of the thin Spirits makes them they cannot pass but the thick are stoped by reason of their thickness and therefore Drunkards and young People that abound with thin Spirits are as much liable to Giddiness as old Men whose Spirits are thicker But the Giddiness of old Men is more frequent and lasts longer because of their more abounding Flegm longer and more frequently streightens the Passages of the Choroid-Fold Therefore the Vertigo seldom happens when the Body is in Motion and is generally abated and cured by rest VII But because there are not enough of those whirling Spirits that make their way through the Passages of the Brain besides that their â—…ircumrotation hinders them from entring in sufficient quantity into the Nerves This was the reason that this Patient for want of Animal Spirits in the Muscles often fell to the Ground without being able to rise before the Vertigos ceasing the Animal Spirits flowed more copiously again into the Muscles VIII Then the Fit returns again upon the Sight of Wheels turning round Precipices c. because the Images of those things being carried to the inner Parts with that same whirling and unequal Motion affects the Animal Spirits with the same circular and unequal Motion Upon the Sight of Precipices the Vertigo returns in regard the Sight of them striking a Terror into the Beholder the Affright streightens the Passages and by that means puts a sudden stop upon the Spirits which being forced forward by those that come behind because they have not a free Passage are agitated by the Repulse of the Obstruction and forced into a circular Motion IX This Malady is hard to be cured and many times turns to an Epilepsie or Apoplexie or some other grievous Distemper of the Brain and therefore the Cure of it is not to be delay'd X. The Cure consists in removing the primary antecedent and continuing Cause and Corroboration of the Brain XI First Therefore let her be purged with these Pills â„ž Mass of Pill Cochiae ℈ j. Extract of Catholicon ℈ s. Diagridion gr ij Syrup of Stoechas a little For vij Pills XII Though not much good can be expected from Blood-letting yet least the Blood should fly up to the Head in too great a quantity it may be taken from the Arm or if it happen in the time of her monthly Customs out of a Vein of the Foot Let the Vein be opened the Patient lying in Bed and let her not see her own Blood XIII Then let her drink three or four times a day a Draught of this Apozem â„ž Root of Acorus â„¥ j. Elecampane Fennel an â„¥ s. Herbs Betony Marjoram Rosemary Calaminth â—…hyme an M. j. Sage Leaves of Lawrel Flowers of Stoechas an Ms. Seeds of Anise Fennel Caroways an Ê’j s. Cleansed Raisins â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them according to Art adding toward the end White-wine lb s. Make an Apozem of about lbj. s. Sometimes instead of the Apozem she may take a small quantity of this Apozem â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’j Sweet Diamosch ℈ j. Candied Root of Acorus Conserve of Flowers of Sage Anthos Baum an â„¥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XIV In the mean time let her use this Masticatory â„ž Root of Pellitory Elecampane an Ê’j Herbs Marjoram Hyssop an Ê’s Black Pepper ℈ s. Mastich Ê’v Reduce these into a Powder and then make them into Trochischs with a little Turpentine and Wax XV. Let her Temples Nostrils and Top of her Head be anointed twice a day with this Oyl â„ž Oyl of Nutmegs distilled Ê’j Oyls of Rosemary Amber Marjoram an ℈ s. She may also wear the following Quilt upon her Head for some Months â„ž Leaves of Rosemary Melilot Sage Flowers of Melilot an one little handful Nutmeg ℈ ij Cloves ℈ j. Benjamin ℈ s. Beat them grossly for a Quilt XVI Let her have a warm Room and good Air. Let her feed sparing and let her Food be easie of Digestion not flatulent and seasoned with hot Cephalics and carminative Seeds Her Drink must be small wherein if a little Bag of Marjoram Rosemary and a little Cinnamon be hung 't will be so much the better Moderate Sleep and Exercise is best when the Giddiness is off but let her Rest in the time of the Fit Keep her Body soluble and take care that all Evacuations be regular and natural HISTORY XI Of the Night-Mare A Woman of fifty years of age in good plight fleshy strong and plethoric sometimes troubled with the Head-ach and Catarrhs falling upon her Breast in the Winter the last Winter molested with no Catarrhs but very sore in the Day-time but in the Night-time when she was composing her self to Sleep sometimes she believed the Devil lay upon her and held her down sometimes that she was choaked by some great Dog or Thief lying upon her Breast so that she
℈ j. Diagridion gr iiij with Syrup of Stoechas Make up vij Pills XI To evacuate the Humor contained in the Ventricles of the Brain make use of this Errhine ℞ Iuice of Mercury Marjoram an ℥ s. of Beets ʒj s. Or else instead of this take the following Sternutory ℞ Roots of Pellitory White Hellebore Leaves of Marjoram an ℈ j. black Pepper gr v. For a Powder XII To strengthen the Head open the Pores and dissipate the cold Humor prepare this Quilt ℞ Leaves of Rosemary Marjoram Sage an M. s. Flowers of Lavender Melilot red Roses an one small Handful Nutmegs Cloves an ℈ j. Frankincense Mastich an ʒj Beat them into a gross Powder for a silken Cap. XIII Also lay this Plaister upon both Temples ℞ Frankincense Mastich an ℈ j. Sagapen Tacamahacca an ℈ j. s. Mix them and spread them upon black Silk Nor will it be amiss to make use of Conditements and Cephalic Apozems of Marjoram Rosemary Sage Betony Conserves of Anthos Sage c. Tobacco also taken in a Pipe is an excellent Remedy XIV Let the Patient also frequently wash his Mouth with this Decoction warm ℞ Root of sharp pointed Dock ℥ j. Male Piony ℥ s. Marjoram Sage Hyssop Thyme Betony Rosemary an M. j. Fennel and Aniseseed an ʒij Wine q. s. Boil them to lb j. XV. After he has washed his Mouth let him put into the Hollow of the Tooth with a little Cotton one Drop of Oyl of Basil or Cloves In extremity of Pain a little Spirit of Wine may be held in the Mouth to the Teeth affected But this is not to be done often for fear of hurting the Lungs XVI To divert the Humor apply a Vesicatory behind the Ear or in the Neck and keep it open for some time XVII These Remedies not availing in extremity of Pain give the Patient toward Evening three grains of Opiate Laudanum in a Pill or thirteen grains of the Mass of Cynogloss Pills or two or three Scruples of Philonium Romanum XVIII Let his Diet be condited with hot Cephalics avoiding all salt sharp and acid Diet that fill the Head with Vapors Let his Drink be small Let him sleep long exercise moderately and keep his Body open HISTORY XXIII Of those Tumors in the Mouth called Aphtae A Woman of about thirty years of Age was taken with a continued Fever accompanied with an extraordinary Faintness yet without any vehement Heat or great Thirst which in two days had brought her extreamly low Her Pulse beat slow and unequal Her Urine was like that of a Man in perfect Health So that she complained of no excessive Pain in any Part but of an extraordinary Weakness of her whole Body which was such that she could not sit upright in her Bed The fourth Day she perceived a Difficulty to Swallow so that her Drink would not go down her Throat and Gullet without Pain Trouble and Impediment At the same time her Palate Gums Tongue and Chaps were full of little white Pustles without number Her Taste was also so far gone that she relished nothing that she eat I. THis Woman was seized with a Malignant Fever accompanied with Aphtae which are certain Exulcerations in the upper part of the Mouth with an extraordinary Heat II. The Anteceding Cause were putrid Humors sharp and malignant contained in the Body which being attenuated by the feverish Heat and carried through the Arteries and occult Passages to the Mouth and causing an Exulceration therein constitute the next Cause III. That these Pustles proceed from a certain malignant putrid Humor is plain from the putrid malignant Fever preceding and joyned with them The Malignity of which appeared by the Faintness and Decay of Strength which the Patient endured whereas a Fever seems to shew no such manifest Causes of so much Weakness Then again that it was a flegmatic Humor appeared by the lesser Heat of the Fever and the whiteness of the Pustles IV. This Humor attenuated by the Fever and coming sharp to the Mouth exulcerated the inner rather than the other Parts as the Palate Tongue Gums c. because they are cloathed with only a thin and soft Pellicle which are easily exulcerated by sharp and putrid Humors whereas the former Parts more easily resist the Corruption V. Now because that Pellicle which covers the inner Parts of the Mouth extends it self through the Jaws and Gullet to the Stomach Hence also the Gullet was beset with the same Pustles which caused that Difficulty of Swallowing and painful going down of the Drink VI. Her Taste was lost because the inner Pellicle of the Mouth into which the Gustatory Nerves are inserted and by means of which the Taste happens was so full of those little Ulcers that the Gustable Objects could not come to it Besides that the Tongue being grieved by the Ulcers and infected with bad Humors could not well judge of Savors VII These Pustles are more a Sign than a Cause of danger For they indicate a malignant and dangerous Fever upon the Cure of which their Cure depends VIII The Body therefore being well purged and Blood being taken away and other convenient Remedies administred the Mouth of the Patient must be gargarized with this Decoction ℞ Barley cleansed Roots of Snakeweed Tormentil an ℥ s. Licorice sliced ʒiij Plantain Purslain Knot-grass Oak-leaves an M. j. Flowers of Mallows red Roses Pomegranates an M. s. Water q. s. Make a Decoction to lb j. Add Syrup of Mulberries and Dianucum an ℥ j. s. Mix them for a Gargle IX After she has well gargled her Mouth let her lick and wash the inside of her Mouth with this Syrup ℞ Syrup of Quinces sowre Pomegranates and dry Roses an ℥ j. X. If the Pain grow sharper let her hold new Milk in her Mouth or rather Whey and change it often Then let her lick Syrup of Quinces or dry Roses alone and rowl her Tongue about her Mouth especially when the Pustles are broken XI Let her Diet be refrigerating and such as resists Putrefaction her Drink small or else Ptisans and let her be sure to keep her Body soluble HISTORY II. Of the Aphtae Pustles AN Infant of two months old when the Mothers Milk failed was put to a Nurse of a choleric Temper but otherwise healthy and abounding with Blood and Milk After the Infant had suckt this Woman eight days it began to vomit up curdled Milk mixed with choleric and flegmatic Humors slept unquietly and voided much yellow and green Excrement At last the Mouth of it was full of white Pustles so that through Pain it could suck no longer though it seemed very desirous of the Breast In the mean time there was no manifest Fever nor alteration of the Pulse I. THE Cause of these Pustles was the Nurses serous hot and sharp Milk which the weak Stomach of the Infant could not well concoct but bred much Choler from which sharp Vapors ascending to the Mouth exulcerated the tender Pellicles of the Inner Part of
drives the Chylus to the Breasts in Beasts See l. 1. c. 28 29. What is that something Analogous to the Rational Soul Whether Analogon be the same with the Rational Soul The said Analogon is the more excellent Spirit An Objection refuted The refutation The names 'T is a Muscle The Substance The Membranes The site and connexion The Holes Vessels It s Motion Whether the Situation of it be Natural or Animal The Pleura The Names It s duplicity The little Fibres Holes Its Vessels It s Original The Mediastinum It s Cavity Its Vessels It s Use. The Kernel under the Canel-Bone or Thymus Lactes Its Vessels It s Iuice Lymphatic Vessels It s Original Its Membranes It s Connexion Its Vessels The Liquor of the Pericardium It s Use. Whâ—… such it is iâ—… diseased Bodies The cause of the difference in Quantity The plenty of it does not cause Palpitation of the Heart The Names It is a principal Part. The Fuel of Heat It s Siâ—…ation It s Substance It s Fibres Whether the Heart be a Muscle It s Figure It s Bigness Its Coats It s Fat. Its Hairs It s 〈◊〉 Coronary Arteries Coronary Veins Nerves The Opinion of Descartes The Use of the Animal Spirits in the Heart The Dignity of the Heart Wounds of the Heart mortal A rare Observation 1. Whether the Heart is mov'd by the Animal Spirits Whether mov'd by the Dilatation of the Blood Whether 〈◊〉 part ly by the â—…ation of the Blood and partly by the animal Spirits Whether â—…ov'd by â—…n Ethereâ—…l Matter Whether mov'd by the Spirit of the Blood Whether mov'd by the Lungs The true Cause of the Heart's Motion Why the Heart of an Eel taken out of the Body beats Digression Dilatation When the Cavities are broâ—… est Vicious Motions The vse of the Pulse Circulation of the Blood First proof from the plenty of Blood The Second Proof from the Situation of the Valves The Third Proof from Ligature in Blood-letting The manner of Circulation Riolanus his manner The common manner The true manner of Circulation The Cause of Inflammations The vse of Circulation Whether the Chylus and the Serum circulate The Cause of vterine Fluxes The Parts of the Heart The little Ears Their number Their substance The Superficies Their Cavity Colour Motion Their vse The Ventricles Unnatural Things bred in the Ventricles Vessels The Right Ventricle The hollow Vein The Treble-pointed Valves The Pulmonaery Artery Sigmoid Valves The left Ventricle The Pulmonary Vein The Mitral Vâ—…ves The Aorta The Half-Moon Valves The Bone of the heart The Motion of the Blood in the Birth Double Unions of the Vessels The Oval Hole It s 〈◊〉 The other Union The Use of the Right Ventricle The Oval Hole is abolish'd in Children when born The Channel also closes up The Opinions of the Ancients concerning the Seat of the Soul in the Heart The Office of the Heart Glisson's New Opinion The Reply to Glisson's Opinion Whether any vivific Spirit be in the Blood A Similiâ—… The names It s Definition It s Substance Its Iuices A Doubt Double Spirits Vital Spirit Whether this Spirit be different from the Blood The Heas of the Blood The Temper of the Blood The quantity and quality of the Spirits various An Error concerning the Spirits An Error concerning Air. The Original of the Principles of the Blood The Chylus passing thro' the Heart ceases to be Chylus Whether the whole Chylus be chang'd into Blood The Proof of the former Opinion It s Refutation Wâ—… 〈◊〉 part of the Chylus may not be mixâ—…d with the Blood Whence the red Colour proceeds How the Parts are nourish'd by the Blood The Diversity of Figures The Nourishment from the Blood twofold The Degrees of Nutrition Four Things necessary to Nutrition Growth Stay of Growth Decay Whether Old Men grow shorter Two doubts Of the four Humors of the Blood Flegm Blood Choler Melancholy The four Humors are always in the Blood Whence the Temperaments of the Body proceed Phlegmatic Temperament 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whether 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Spirits 〈◊〉 The Use of the Blood What Blood nourishes Charleton's contrary Opinion His Arguments The Refutation Whether the Lympha be nutritive Malpigius â—…is Observations aâ—…out refrigerated blood The Differences of the Blood The Definition It s Bigness It s Substance Preternatural things in the Lungs Observation The Cloathing Membrane The Colour The Colour in a Child before it is born The Division Their Division into little Lobes The Connexion Observation Several Observations The Vessels The rough Aâ—…tery The Pulmonary Vein and Artery Whether the Blood passes only through the Anastomoses The Bronchial Artery Lymphatic Vessels Nerves Office Respiration what It s End What kills People that are strangled Cause of Swooning in Stoves The necessity of Respiration How the Blood is cool'd Charleton's Error The new Opinion of Alexander Maurocordatus Whether the Lungs wheel about the Blood Malpigius his Opinion Thruston his Opinion The Conclusion The Secondary Use of the Lungs The Motion is passive Contrary Opinions The Refutation Whether the Lungs be mov'd by the Head The manner of Respiration What sort of Action it is It is an Animal Action An Objection Whether a man might live without Respiration Stories of of such as have liv'd long with out Breathing The Reason of what has been said It s Definition It s Situation It s Division Bronchia Bigness Substance The Rings Division Figure Vessels It s Bulk Substance Gristles The Scutiformis The Annular The Guttal The Epiglottis Muscles Common ones Hypothyroides The Proper Muscles The hinder Cricoartaenoides The Lateral Cricoartaenoides Thyro-Artaenoides The Ninth Muscle The Muscle of the Epiglottis The Kernels The Tonsillae Wharton his Error Parotides The Voice A Digression It s Situation It s Connexion Its Vessels It s Substance Kernels It s Usâ—… Cervix Epomis Shoulders Axilla or Arm-pitâ—… Iudgment of the Strength of a man's Body It s denomination It s Scituation It s Shape and Bigness The Division The Desinition The 〈◊〉 Why Women have no Beards The Place where they break forth Their Roots The Division They are Heterogeneous Bodies The Form The Efficient Cause The first Original The Diversity The reason of the Colours Why the Hair of the Head first grows grey Signs of the Temper of the Body The Materials of Hair The manner of its Generation Whether the Kernels afford Matter for the Hair 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Matter of Hair be aâ—… Excrement Objections The â—…lution Turning Grey of a sudden The Reason Whether Hairs be Parts of the Body An Observation Whether store of Hair contribute strength to the Body The Skin Fat Fleshy Pannicle The Pericranium The Periostium Bones Dura Meninx It s Holes Its Vessels It s Duplicature The 〈◊〉 or Scy the. The Cavities Torcular Hierophili The Use of the Cavities Whether any small Pipes in the Hollownesses Tenuis Meninx The Fells of the 〈◊〉 The Brain Whether the Brain be a Bowel or a real Kernel The formation of it The
with it as is seen upon Blood-letting in Malignant Fevers which are no part of the Chylus but only corrupt Humors XXI This is the true manner of making the Blood which serves for the nourishment of all the Parts and contains in it self Matter adapted for the nourishment of all and singular the Parts out of which that is appropriated to every one which is most convenient for their nourishment to some Particles more concocted and subtile to others less concocted and thicker to others Particles equally mix'd of Salt and Sulphur as in fat Bodies to others more Salt and Tartarous as in Sinewey and Boney People and to others Particles are united and assimilated some disposed one way some another XXII This Apposition proceeds chiefly from the Diversity of Figures which as well the particular Particles of the Blood as the Pores of the several Paris obtain For hence it happens that the Blood being forc'd into the Parts some Particles more easily enter some sort of Pores and others another sort and are figur'd one among another after various shapes and forms and so are immediately united with the Substance of the Parts and are converted into their Nature and those which are not proper for such a Figure are carry'd to other Parts till the remaining and improper portion is again transmitted back to the Heart there to be concocted anew and endu'd with another more proper Aptitude It is vulgarly said That the several Parts attract from the Blood and unite the Particles most similar to themselves But there is no such Attraction allow'd in our Bodies neither are the Parts endu'd with any Knowledge to distinguish between Particles similar or dissimilar But the Blood such as it is is equally forc'd to all the Parts but the Diversity of Figures as well in the several Particles of the Blood as in the Pores of the Parts is the Reason that some Particles stick and are united to these and others to other Parts to these after one manner to those after another From which Diversity the Diversity of Substances arises some softer some harder some stronger and some weaker XXIII This Nutrition by the Blood is caus'd two manner of ways 1. Immediately when the Particles of the Blood are immediately oppos'd without any other previous or remarkable Alteration as is to be seen in the Fleshy and Fat Parts 2. Mediately when Apposition happens after some remarkable Concoction or Alteration preceding as in the Bones to whose Nourishment besides the Salt Tartareous Particles of the Blood there concurs the Marrow made before out of the Blood as also in the Sinews which are not nourished only by the Blood communicated to their outward Tunicle through invisible little Arteries from the continuation of those Arteries that pass through both Membranes of the Brain and Spinal Marrow but also by the Salter Sanguineous Particles first prepar'd by the Concoction of the Brain XXIV But in this Nutrition from the Blood three Degrees are to be observ'd 1. When the Body is so nourish'd as to grow by that Nourishment 2. When it is nourish'd and remains in the same Condition 3. When it is nourish'd and decays XXV Now that the Cause of this Diversity may be more plainly known we are to consider That there are Four Things necessary to perfect Nutrition 1. The Alimentary Juice it self 2. The Apposition of this Juice 3. Then its Agglutination 4. And lastly Its Assimilation The Alimentary Juice is the Blood which is forc'd by the Beating of the Heart through the smallest Arteries to the Parts that are to be nourish'd and is thrust forward into their Pores by which means the Substance of the Parts does as it were drink it in And because in these Pores something of Humor tending toward Assimilation remains over and above hence it comes to pass that the convenient Particles of the new-come Blood more agreeable to that Humor are mingl'd with that Humor sticking there before and being there concocted by the convenient Heat and proper Temper of the Parts are by degrees agglutinated and more more assimilated to the Substance of the Parts and are so prepar'd and dispos'd by the Vital Spirit continually flowing into the Parts together with the Arterious Blood that they acquire Vitality and become true Particles of the Parts endu'd with Life and Soul equally to the rest XXVI If now while that Nutrition is made the smaller Particles of the Parts by reason of their moister Temperament or cooler Heat stick but softly to each other then upon their first Apposition by reason of the great Plenty of Alimentary Humor flowing in by the impulse of the Heart they easily separate from each other and admit more Nutritive Humor than is requisite to their Nutrition from the Plenty of which being agglutinated and assimilated happens the Growth of the Parts by degrees because more is appos'd and agglutinated than is wasted But when by the increase of Heat the smaller Particles are dry'd up and become hard and firm as in Manhood then they no longer separate one from another by reason of the Alimentary Juice forc'd in and the Juice that is pour'd into the Pores in great quantity is vigorously discuss'd by the more violent and stronger Heat that no more can be appos'd and assimilated than is dissipated whence there follows a stay of Growth wherein the Substance of the Parts will admit no Excess or Diminution of Quantity Lastly Those smaller Particles of the Parts are not only dry'd up by that same stronger Heat and the Pores are streightn'd so as to admit less Alimentary Juice but the Alimentary Juice it self by reason of the Heat dimimish'd by Time and Age and consequently a worse Concoction of the Bowels grows weaker and less agreeable to the Substance of the Part it self and then as in Old Age the Parts themselves decrease and diminish For the unaptness of the Pores in the Parts and of the Nutritive Juice it self as also of the concocting Heat and the small Quantity of the said Juice are the reason that less is appos'd than is dissipated Now â—…his Decrease is chiefly and most manifestly observ'd in the softer Parts whose smallest Particles are moister and more easily dissipated as the Flesh the Fat c. But it is less observable in the Bones and other harder Parts whose smallest Particles are more fix'd and not so easily dissipated XXVII Here by way of Parenthesis a Question may be propos'd Whether Old Men grow shorter than they were in their Prime This many affirm and confirm by Ocular Testimony Spigelius absolutely denies it For says he That they grow shorter I deny but that they grow leaner I grant For the Bones according to which the Length of the Body is extended being hard and solid Bodies are neither diminish'd by Age nor the Force of any Disease But the Flesh is wasted and consumed as well by Age as by many other Causes So that if they
seem to be shorter than Young Men it proceeds from hence because that all their Ioynts are bow'd as well by Muscles shrunk for want of Heat as by the Ligaments dry'd up and cover'd with Brawn But though Spigelius brings these Reasons for his Negative Opinion yet the Affirmative seems the more plausible seeing that Decrepit Old Men not only by reason of the bowing of their Joynts and Body seem shorter but because of necessity they must be somewhat though not much shorter by reason of the Gristles between the Vertebrae of the Back-Bone and the Joynts of the Thighs and other Parts which being softer and more tumid in Young Men and consequently separate the Bones more at a distance one from the other of necessity must extend the Body somewhat more in Length but in Old Men waxing drier and thinner by degrees must of necessity for the same Reason shorten the Body To which we add That the Ligaments of the Joynts being dry'd up contract the Joynts closer one to another And this is apparent in such Old Men who being stronger walk still upright for if they measure with the same Measure wherewith they measur'd themselves in their Youth you shall find 'em to want the breadth some of a Thumb some of half a Thumb others of two Thumbs of their Height in their youthful days which we have known true by Experience XXVIII From what has been already said concerning the making and Principles of the Blood two obscure and doubtful Matters are brought to Light First That there are four Humors in the Blood Flegm pure Blood Choler and Melancholy Secondly Whence proceed the Temperatures of Bodies XXIX Flegm is that part of the Blood which being first made out of the Blood and not much circulated or dilated in the Heart becomes more crude and less Spirituous XXX Pure Blood is that part of the Sanguineous Mass which being several times circulated and dilated in the Heart attains to moderate Spirituosity XXXI Choler is that Part of it which by frequent Circulations and Dilatations is exalted to a more extraordinary Thinness and becomes most Spirituous and boyling hot XXXII Melancholy is that Part out of which by several Circulations and Attenuations made in the Heart the Spirituous Particles are for the most part drawm out and wasted and hence the Blood becomes colder thicker and more earthy Here by the way take Notice That we do not mean by Flegm Choler and Melancholy the Fermentaceous Humors which are bred in the Stomach Liver and Spleen as if the Mass of Blood consisted of those Humors being mix'd together only that these Names are comparatively apply'd to the Blood as the Parts of it are more or less or overmuch concocted XXXIII But in regard That because of the continual Waste and Consumption of lost Spirits there must be a Reparation of new ones by means of fresh Nourishment hence it follows that these Four Humors are necessarily in the Blood and that the Blood should consist of them For out of the Aliments sufficiently prepar'd and first dilated in the Heart there comes a Flegmatic Juice which by degrees by means of several Circulations and Dilatations in the Heart turns into pure and excellently well tempe'd Blood But proceeding farther above its just Temper of Heat turns into Choleric Blood And having lost its mâ—…re subtile Particles turns into Melancholy And thus all these four Juices which consist all of Salt and Sulphuâ—…y Particles nor differ one from another â—…ut only in their stronger or weaker Concoction and Spirituosity are mix'd together and so by a certain Perpetuation of Qualities the Excesses inspringing one upon another as long as a man lives they constitute the whole Mass of his Blood united and render'd fluid by means of the Serum Which Serum especially its Watery Part is not assimilated to the Parts that are to be nourish'd but to them conveys the nourishing Particles of the Blood and by them when once apposited and assimilated is evacuated and discuss'd by means of their Heat Thus in the Gilding of Metals the finest Gold is beaten into thin Leaves and mingl'd with Quick-Silver to make the Gold stick on which could not be done without the Mercury afterwards the Vessel being Gilded and brought to the Fire the Heat of the Fire discusses and sends the Mercury packing while the Gold sticks close to the Vessel on which it was laid such a sort of Mercury is the Serum in living Bodies conveying and apposing the Blood to the several Parts XXXIV As to the Temperatures of our Bodies they proceed from the various Mixture and Redundancy of the four foremention'd Iuices XXXV If the Chylus be made of cold and moist Iuices wherein there is little subtile Spirit or else sent out crude from the Stomach or not sufficiently dissolv'd for want of convenient Ferment such a Chylus produces a Flegmatic Sanguineous Iuice which though frequently circulated and dilated in the Heart yet cannot be exalted by the Heart to a sufficient Spirituosity and hence there is a greater Quantity of that and a lesser Quantity of the rest of the Iuices and because the whole Body then is nourish'd with a Flegmatic sort of Blood thence the Constitution of the Parts is more moist and cold and so there is a Flegmatic Temperature of the Body XXXVI If the Chylus be well temper'd well concocted and made out of well temper'd Nourishment or so made by a good Concoction of the Bowels then happens a Redundancy of that Blood and consequently a Sanguine Complexion and a good Temper of Body XXXVII If the Chylus be made of Nourishments hot and sharp or sharply fermented through the more intense Heat of the Bowels then after a few Circulations it turns to a very hot and spirituous Iuice which predominating begets a Choleric Temper XXXVIII If the Chylus be made of thick Earthy Nourishments abounding with much crude and fix'd Salt and those not well concocted and dissolv'd then few Spirits are extracted out of it by the Circulations and Dilatations made in the Heart and there remains only a thick Iuice without much Spirit whence proceeds a Melancholic Temper Now the vast Excesses of these Temperatures are call'd Distempers and breed several Diseases Hot Cold c. XXXIX After this Description of the Principles and manner of making the Blood and Vital Spirits before we come to their Use let us say something of their Vitality about which Philophers so much dispute and Physicians disâ—…ent While the one in Defence of Vitality say 1. That the Blood and Spirits variously move themselves according to the Diversity of the Motions of the Mind and Imagination in â—…ear toward the Heart in Shame toward the Cheeks in Lust toward the Genitals 2. The Holy Scripture says That the Soul of the Flesh remains in the Blood 3. That the Seed being potentially animated is made out of Blood and Spirits 4. Because they are nourish'd as