Membranes Vessels Use The Error of Asclepiades and Paracelsus The Situation of the Piss-bladder It s Magnitude Its Connexion It s Substance Membranes The Crust of the Bladder The expulsive Muscle of the Bladder It s Holes It s Neck The Sphincter Muscle Its Vessels It s Use The Spermatick Vessels and their Original Their Magnitude Their Passage Their Use The Stones Their Number Why placed without in Men Their Greatness Their Figure Whether the left Stone be colder then the right The Error of Aristotle Whether Nature alwaies intends to beget Boys Their Coats Common The Cod. Why void of Fat Porper The Substance of the Stones Vessels Muscles The Efficiens cause of the Seed Without the Stones there is no Generation The Sympathy of the Stones with the whole Body The Parastatae Names Their Substance Their Rise Their Use See Fig. III. Tab. XXI Whether a Bull may ingender after he is guel Whether seed is contained in the Bladderkies Whether in the Prostatae See Tab. XXII Let. QQ Whether the Prostatae do make seed The seat of the Gonorrhaea The Prostatae do not help to make seed Its Names Situation Figure Magnitude Why the Yard is void of Fat the first Opinion Laurentius his Error It s Substance The four Parts of the Yard Urethra The Nut of the Yard â— The nervous Bodies Whence the hardness and Erection of the Yard proceeds The Muscles of the Yard Copulation Conception The Genitals in Women quite different from those in men The similitude of the Yard and of the Womb ridiculous The praeparatory Vessels in women How they differ from those in Men. How the Stones of Women differ from those of Men. Why Womens stones are placed within their Bodies Why the womb is placed in the Hypogastrium It s Magnitude The true Figure of the Womb. The Ligaments of the Womb. The upper Ligaments of the Womb. The falling down of the Womb. The Lower It s Substance Its Membranes Its Vessels Why the left Veins of the Womb are joyned to the right Anastomoses in the womb The Largeness of the Uterine Vessels A Child conceived in a womans Stomach The wombs motion Why sweet smelling things do hurt some women See Tab. XXVII The short Neck of the womb Some Cause of Barrenness The Bottom No Cavities or Cells in the womb of a woman Why Horns are said to be in the wombs of women The inner Orifice of the womb Some Causes of Barrenness The Use of the Orifice of the womb When the Mouth of the womb is opened See Tab. XXVII Wrinkles in the Neck of the womb The Orifice of the Bladder See Fig. IV. and V. of Taâ— XXVIII That there is some true sign of Virginity Why Virgins are pained in their first carnal Copulation An Exception What is the token of Virginity The I. Opinion of the Arabians The II. Opinion The III. Opinion The IV. Opinion The V. Opinion strengthned by many Authors The Confutation of such as deny it to be alwaies found in Virgins The VI. Opinion The hole in the middle of the Hymen is of several fashions A Question touching the shedding of blood in the first Copulation Whether Conception may be made without hurting the Hymen Parts of the Privitie See Fig. II. and III. of the XXVIII Tab. See Fig. IV. of Tab. XXVIII See Tab. XXVIII It s Substance Its Muscles Tentigo Its Vessels It s Use See FIG III. and IV. of the Tab. XXVIII The Lips and Venus Hillocks Wherâ—â—n the Child in the Womb differs from a grown person Whether the heat of the Womb only â—e the Efficient cause of the Membranes Sundry opinions concerning the matter of the said Membranes Their Number What the Secondine is and why so called Whence the Liquor proceeds that is in the Amnios What the Cotyledons are What the Navil is and of what parts it consists The Vena umbilicalis It s Insertion It s Use The Knots Arteries Anastomoses of the umbilical Vessels Their Twisting The length of the Rope It s thickness The binding of the Navil The Dignity of the Navil is not much Urachus The Urachus is not hollow in Mankind The Error of Laurentius The middle Venter what it is Hypocrates and Aristotle It s Figure Magnitude Substance It s Use Its Parts Common The Use of the hair under the arm-pits Why there is little Fat in the Chest The proper Parts See Tab. XXV Lib. I. Why the Dugs in Mankind are seated in the Breast Number of the Dugs Magnitude The difference of the Dugs in men and women Their Shape Their Parts How the Nipples come to have so exquisite Sense The Dug The Venae Mammariae Why Milk is bred after the child is born Their Arteries The matter of Milk is not Blood as Martianus holds But arises from the Stomach the Chyle The said Opinion refuced And the Argument of Martianus and others are answered Their Nerves Their Pipes The use of the Dugs The Efficient cause of Milk Milk may breed in Virgins Men Women not with Child c. See the Figure of the following Chapter Their Number The Error of others Their use It s Situation It s Figure It s Number Magnitude An Head and Tail in the Midriff It s substance It s Membrane It s Holes Vessels Sardonian Laughter Use How the motion of the Diaphragma is performed What the Pleura is and its Original It s Thickness The place of the matter which causes a Pleurisie It s Holes It s substance Vessels The use of the Mediastinum The Pericardium See Tab. 3. of Book 2. It s Original It s Holes Situation It s Connexion It s Surface It s Substance Its Vessels It s Use Whether all Live-Wights have this wherish Liquor in their Heart-bags Why more plentiful in dead Bodies Whence the liquor in the Heart-bag proceeds The first Opinion It s Use Why the Heart â—â— in the middest of the Body A vulgar Error that the Heart is in the left side Why the point of the Heart enclines to the left side Who have the greatest Hearts Connexion Why the Substance of the Heart is so thick It s Coat Whether Fat is found about the Heart The Coronary Vein of the Heart An Error of Fallopius Whether the Heart be a Muscle The Error of Averroes An Hairy Breast what it signifies An Hairy Heart what it signifieâ— Whether the Heart doe perfect the Blood What things are requisite to perfect the Blood In which Ventricle the Blood is perfected What the Pulse is Its Parts The Heart takes in Blood in the Diastole The Quantity of blood in the Heart The form of the Heart in the Systole The shape of the Heart in the Diastole The next Efficient Cause of the motion of the Heart Whether there be a pulsifick Faculty Remote Causes of the motion of the Heart The Earlets of the Heart why so called What pulses first in an Eg. Their Situation Number Substance Their Surface See Tab. IV. of Book II. Their Motion Their use The Ventricles of
eaten the night before at Supper and bran hath been seen in the Excrements of a child that only lived with sucking 4. Nurses perceive as soon as ever they have eaten and drunken the going down of the Milk and the swelling fulness of their Dugs Yea and our Nurses are extraordinary careful not to eat while they give their children suck for otherwise the children should suck undigested Milk 5. Castellus pleads their Scituation over the Stomach not near the Liver or Womb excepting in beasts 6. The Milk is colder then the Blood and leaves more Excrement in her that gives suck then blood does in the Embryo or child in the womb Howbeit we find many difficulties in this new Opinion and those of no small moment 1. There are no manifest passages from the Stomach to the Dugs which if any man can find I shall willingly acknowledg my self convinced Martianus indeed Castellus Vestingus and Horstius do talk of invisible passages like the milkie Veins which cannot be discerned in a dead body or at least they conceive the Pores of the flesh may suffice to admit a passage for milkie Vapors But the Pores seem too narrow for thick Chyle to pass through which in the Mesentery did require large milkie Veins which any body may discern A subtile Spirit and thin Vapors with smoakie steams do pass through the Pores and not the Chylus nor blood according to Nature for if so then there were no use of Vessels Nor is the Infant satisfied only with Vapors I willingly acknowledg that Nature endeavors the translation of Humors from one part to another by unknown wayes but she does it compelled and besides her customary Course whereas the breeding of Milk is a constant and ordinary thing 2. The Dugs being heated by any other cause whatsoever do not breed Milk but the action is hindred by the said Heat 3. Nurses confess that after they have drunk the Milk does manifestly descend out of their backs and from about their Channel-bones and puts them to some little pain For there the Chest-arteries are seated and not the Stomach 4. A tender Infant should be ill nourished with undigested meat having been vsed to be nourished with blood before 5. Out of the Nipples of Children newly come out of the Womb before the use of meat a wheyish matter drops like Milk before they have eaten any meat 6. What shall we say to that Aphorism of Hypocrates If a Woman want her Courses neither any shivering o Feaver following thereupon and she loath her Meat Make account that she is with Child 7. Cows when they eat grass after hay or hay after grass before the fifteenth day there is no perfect change either in the Constitution or colour of their Milk or Butter according to the Observation of Walaeus yet they perfectly change their Chyle the first day but their Blood more slowly Also our Nurses observe that after they have slept and their Meat is digested their Dugs make Milk which does not so happen if they want sleep 8. Hogeland proves by Famines and Seiges that when all the Nutriment of the Nurse is turned into perfect blood yet nevertheless Milk is bred in the Dugs Wherefore until some diligent hand shall have found evident wayes and passages for the Answering of the contrary Arguments You are to Note 1. That we admit of the Chyle as the remote matter of Milk but not as the immediate matter thereof 2. That the Blood being plentifully evacuated by the Milk is bred again by plentiful meat and drink and therefore the plenty of Milk ceases when there is little drink taken in as all Nurses do testifie Morcover such as are of a Sanguin complexion afford most Milk whereas those that are of a tender constitution grow lean by giving Suck 3. That all the blood which is poured out of the Arteries into the Dugs is not turned into Milk but only the more wheyish part a great deal running back by the Veins into the Heart 4. That Women which give suck have their Courses because the Vessels of the Womb are then more enlarged then in the first moneths of their going with Child and ever and anon they flow sparingly from Nurses and leave off by fits Also Women that give suck seldom conceive unless they be of a Plethorick habit of body that is to say full of good blood Our Women when they would wean a Boy if their Dugs swell they do by certain Medicines keep back the Milk by straitning the Vessels that the matter thereof may not enter nor be drawn that way 6. That the Breast and Dug-Arteries are large and are more and more widened by continual sucking 7. That the Milk doth drink in the faculty of Meats and Purgatives even by mediation of the Blood which conserves the color and faculty of the meats though sundry digestions have preceded though vapors alone be raised and the substance ascend not 8. That many things are performed in the body according to the singular constitution of particular persons yea and many things which rarely happen which is to be understood of the Milk which was in the Dugs of that Man at Cous and of other things thence voided Nerves are carried from the Nerves of the Chest especially the fift for to cause sense and they end in the Nipple Besides these Vessels the Dugs have also white Pipes according to the observation of later Anatomists springing from the whole Circumference of the lower part which growing narrower do alwayes meet together wherein Milk being made is preserved for use Whether or no they are nothing but widened Arteries becoming white because of the change of the milk and the bordering kernels which I am willing to believe I leave to acuter Eyes and Wits to determine They treasure up the Milk when there is occasion of omitting to give the Infant suck and when that use is over they grow as small as the most Capillary Veins Their Use is 1. General in Women and Men to be safeguards to the Heart hence Nature hath given Men of cold Complexions larger Dugs then ordinary and Women that loose their Dugs become rough-voiced according to Hypocrates Nor doth the pectoral Muscle hinder which performs the same Office which is Riolanus his Objection for the more noble parts require great fencing even by the smallest thing as the Eyes from the Eye-brows the Heart from the water in the Heart-bag or Pericardium c. II. In women their use is to breed Milk to nourish the young Infant For the Child was nourisht by blood in the Womb and milk is the same blood only whitened so that Nature seems to have put a trick upon living Creatures by obtruding upon them the gentler appearance of white milk in place of red blood as Plato hath it Which is the Cause that the People of Savoy and Daulphine did anciently prohibit their Preists the use of milk as well as of Blood Now the Efficient Cause of
part the matter is beleived to be brought from the Emulgent and therefore Hippocrates cals this Stone the Girl-getter Whence that common Saying Wenches are begot by the left Stone in the left side of the Womb Boys by the right Stone in the right side And Hippocrates saies there is in a man as wel as in a woman both male and foemale Seed that is to say hotter and colder But I am not of Opinion that wenches are alwaies begotten by the left Stone and that it receives a colder sort of Seed for 1. There are ever and anon Virago's or manly Women which exceed Men in strength and courage 2. Blood is communicated from the great Artery as well to the left Stone as to the right 3. The Arteria Spermatica is oftner wanting on the right side then on the left But the Generation of the fraâ—ler Sex depends not so much upon the coldness of the left Testicle as upon the cold Constitution of both the Stones or rather of the whole body which administers Matter for the Seed Howbeit the left parts of the body are generally said to be colder then the right Moreover the right Stone is fuller of Seed doth swel more and hath a greater Vein and Artery so that Nature seems to design the Generation of Foemales more then of Males It was therefore ill said of Aristotle that Nature of her self did alwaies intend the Generation of Males as being most perfect and that a Foemale is ingendred when Nature being hindered could not ingender a Male so that a Woman is in his account a kind of Monster in Nature Howbeit Nature seems more sollicitous for the Generation of Women then of Men for the Causes aforesaid nor does Nature alwaies regard that which is best or most perfect but that which is most necessary as a woman is For many of them are but enough for one man For women when they are big with Child are useless to a man also they are short lived nor can they bear so long as a man can beget But of this I have discoursed more fully in my 12. Anatomical Controversie de patribus The Testicles have Coats and Coverings some proper others common They have two Coats common to them and other parts to defend them from external injuries The first is formed of a thinner skin and scarf-skin then is to be found in other parts of the Body and is called Scrotum or Scortum hanging out like a purse or bag and subject to the touch T is soft and wrinkled void of Fat that it might be more easily extended and wrinkled together because the oylie matter which should make Fat goes into the Stones to make Seed In the lower part it hath a line running out according to the length thereof which divides it into a right and left part and is called a suture or seam The second Coat consists of a fleshy Pannicle which is also thinner then is found in other places full of Veins and Arteries and called dartos Which Covering is by others comprehended under the term Scrotum The proper Coat or Coverings which on either side do cloath each Stone are three The first proper Coat is called Vaginalis the scabberd Coat and by some Helicoâ—ides by reason of its shape which is thin but yet strong full of Veins arising from the processes of the Peritonaeum It cleavs to the Dartos by many membranous Fibres which others have reckoned for a peculiar Coat Whence it is externally rough internally smooth The second is termed Eruthroeides the red Coat being furnished with some fleshy Fibres bred out of the Cremaster and inwardly spred over the former Rufus names this in the first place and Riolanus and Veslingus following him account it the first Coat because it compasses the former and is propagated from the Cremaster The XXIII TABLE The Coats of the Stones their Substance and Vessels are propounded in this TABLE The Explication of the FIGURES FIG I. AA The Skin of the Cod separated BBB The fleshy Membrane which â—â— here called Dartos CC. The first Coat of the Stones called Elythroeides DD. The Muscle Cremaster E. The second Coat of the Stones which the Author calls Erythroides FF The Coat of the Stones called Albuginea G. The kernelly Substance of the Stone H. The Pyramidal or Pampiniform Vessel II. Epididymis DD. The Parastates variciformis FIG II. A. A Portion of the preparatory Vessels BB. The Pyramidal Vessel CC. Epididymis DD. Parastates variciformis E. The Stone covered with its proper Membrane F. A Portion of the Vas deferens FIG III AA The Veins and Arteries in the Pyramidal Vessel laid open B. The Epididymis CC. The Parastates variciformis D. The Vas deferens Page 56 The Substance of the Stones is glandulous white soft loose and spongy by reason of very many Vessels there dispersed and loose though without Cavity as the Liver also and the Spleen have no Cavities They have Vessels of all kinds Veins and Arteries from the Seminary Vessels An indifferent large Nerve from the sixt pare somtimes also they have two Nerves from the one and twentieth pare of the Spinal Marrow conjoyned to the Seminal Vessels carried with them through the production of the Peritonaeum and disseminated into the Tunicles They have on each side one Muscle arising from a strong Ligament which is in the Share-bone where the transverse Muscles of the Belly end of which they seem to the Parts They go along through the production of the Peritonaeum which they compass about well-near and grow to the beginnings of the Stones They are â—â—â—â—ed Cremasteres or Suspensores hangers or sustainers for they hold up the Stones that they may not too much draw down the Seminal Vessels Also in the Carnal conjunction they draw back the Stones that the Seed-channel being shortned the Sperm may be sooner and easier conveigh'd into the Womb. In some persons these Muscles are capable of voluntary motion who can draw up and let down their Stones as they list where these Muscles are doubtless stronger then ordinary that they may not only hold the Stones suspended but move them from place to place The Use of the Stones is by their Heat and inbred Faculty to make seed For the Efficient cause of Seed is the proper flesh or substance of the Stones both in regard of their hot and moist temper of their specifick Property since no flesh in the Body is found like that of the Stones Now they turn the blood being prepared into Seed which is requisite to preserve the Species of Mankind And that which remains over and above either goes back by the Spermatick Veins into the Heart or turns to nourishment for the Stones Nor can Seed be ordinarily bred without the Stones nor perfect Animals without them for from them the Seed receives both its form and colour That some have ingendred without Stones though not according to the
as it is carried along the Cubit with the inner Branch of the Cephalica it makes a common Vein which is called Mediana by Avicen nigra t is cald the mediana or middle Vein because of its Sitnation in the midst of the Arm. It is frequently opened without danger because there is no Nerve beneath it but only the Tendon of a Muscle From this or rather from that part of the Basilica whence this arises a branch is sent forth which being divided above the Radius produces an exteriour branch between the Thumb and the Forefinger which some cal Cephalica others Occularis and some again as Mundinus Salvatella and another more inward betwixt the middle finger and the Ring finger which some as Rhasis count the Sielc or rather Seilem of Avicenna But touching the Distribution of all these Veins it is to be observed that they differ in several Bodies and are seldome in one man as they are in another yea the right side of the same man does rarely agree with the lest and in like manner they varie in Magnitude in several persons CHAP. VIII Of the Trunk of Vena cava descending as far as to the Thighes THe lower Trunk of Vena Cava proceeding out of the Liver called the descendent Trunk is more narrow then the upper or ascendent which servs very many parts and proceeds undivided accompanied with with a great Arterie as far as to the fourth Vertebra of the Loyns Mean while it sends forth these folowing Boughes I The Vene adiposae which servs the Coat of the Kidneyes and their Fat the left of which is commonly higher then the right II The emulgent Veins descending to the Kidneyes by a short and crooked passage sometimes with a threefold Rise bringing back the wheyish Blood being purified from the Kidnyes into the Vena Cava 3. The Spermatick Veins of which in the first Book 4. The Lumbaces or Loyn-veins somtimes two somtimes three which are carried betwixt the four Vertebra's of the Loyns From these some write that they have observed two Veins ascending within the Vertebra's on each hand to the side of the spinal marrow in the Brain which makes them conjecture that a portion of the seminary matter is brought from the Brain These being thus constituted the Trunk going towards Os sacrum at the fourth Vertebra of the Loyns it goes under the Aorta which before was under it and is divided into two equal Branches termed Rami Ilij or Iliaci because they go over the Os Ilij and Os pubis unto the Thighes About the division it self there arise two Veins the Muscula superior serving the Peritonaeum and the Muscles of the Loyns and Belly and the Sacra somtimes single otherwhiles double for the Marrow of Os sacrum Afterward the Ramus Iliacus is forked out on each side into the external greater and the internal lesser From the inner two Veins sprout the Muscula media without serving the Muscles seated on the outside of the Hip and the skin of the Buttocks and the Hypogastrica which is remarkable somtimes double serving very many parts of the Hypogastrium as the Muscles of Intestinum rectum whence are the Haemorhoides externae the Bladder and its Neck the Yard the lower side and neck of the womb whence are those Veins by which menstrual Blood is many times thought to be purged in Virgins and Women with Child which nevertheless seldom happens when the Venae Hypogastricae do cumulate thick Blood and send it not back unto the Trunck then they may be opened but otherwise they are indeed suppressed but they ascend unto the Heart by the Vena Cavae and cause palpitations and other symptomes But when they are right the Courses are naturally voided by the Arteries which appears by their florid color and the common Office of the Arteries which is to carry unto the parts of body Walaeus proves this also by other tokens in his Epistles This branch when it is joyned with the crural branch internal doth cease From the outer three two before it goes out of the Peritoneum and one afterward the first is the Epigastricae which seldom arises from the crural to serve the Peritoneum and Muscles of the Belly the chief part ascends under the right Muscles to the Mammariae to which they are often joyned about the Navil 2. The Vena pudendae which serves the Privy Parts in Men and Women it goes athwart to the middle of Os pubis 3. Muscula inferior going over the side of the Hip-joynt to serve the Muscles and skin of that part Afterwards its Branches are termed Crurals Chap. 9. Of the Crural Veins THe Venae Crurales as also the Arteries and Nerves passing along are in the bending of the Thigh interwoven with frequent kernels for firmness sake Afterwards there arise from the crural Veâ—â— six branches 1. Saphaeda so cal'd because of its apparency more than other foot-Veins or Venae mâ—leoli the Anckle-vein is long and remarkable it is carried along in the Inside of the Thigh with a Nerve stretched by it between the Skin and Membranâ— Carnosa to the Knee and along the inner part of the Leg it goes to the inner Anckle And it is variously distributed into the upper parts of the Foot towards the Toes especially the great Toe This is opened about the Ankle in Diseases of the Womb especially when the Courses are stopt and in the Gonorrhaea to evacuate or revell the Blood which otherwise would ascend too plentifully unto the Womb and Genitals Now it must be opened where it is most apparent whether it be on the Back or side of the Foot 2. Ischias minor is opposite to the former for it is a short outer branch springing from the crural it is carried outwardly and athwart into the skin of the Hip and the Muscles of that place 3. Muscula arises from a Trunk which lies hid among the Muscles it is a double and remarkable Branch distributed among the Muscles seated in the Thigh 4. Poplitea the Ham-vein is made of a double Crural branch mingled together and runs streight along under the Skin behind through the midst of the bending of the Ham as far as to the Heel somtimes to the Skin of the Outer Ankle This Vein is commonly supposed to have been frequently open'd by the Ancients under the Knee and Paulus Magnus a Chyrurgeon of Rome did once open it But because it lies exceeding deep and cannot be seen we must suppose it cannot be opened and perhaps this is not the Venae poplitea of the Ancients especially seeing Galen is exceeding various in his description thereof and calls it somtimes the Vein in the Ham somtimes about the Ham somtimes at the Knee otherwhiles under the Knee peradventure he meant the Ankle-vein which descends to the inner bunching of the Leg and is indeed conspicuous enough under the Knee 5. Is cal'd Suralis which is a great Vein and is divided into the external and lesser and the internal
milk is not the Womb where milk was never observed nor do the Dugs breed milk by that vertue thereof which it self wants nor of the Veins or Arteries unless it be the nearest can the vertue be communicated from the Dugs For as for what Baronius relates of St. Paul how when he was beheaded not blood but milk ran from his Neck either it was a miracle if true or a serous humor flowed out which sometimes flows from the Arm when a Vein is opened and I have seen it very like to milk or finally the Liquor of Kernels being cut did resemble milk But the true efficient cause of the milk is that same kernelly flesh of the Dugs unto which there is none like in the whole body Now it works this moderate Concoction by the propriety of its substance and by reason of its proper temperament Aulus Gellius conceives the milk becomes white by Reason of plenty of heat and spirit Book 12. Chap. 1. But I am more enclined to believe that milk is white because it is assimilated to the Dugs that are of the same color Somtimes therefore though it happen seldom milk may be bred in Virgins and in Women not with Child according to the Observation of Bodinus in his Theatre of Nature of Joachinus Camerarius in Schenkius of Petrus Castellâ—s touching one Angela of Messina of A. Benedictus and Christopher a Vega concerning a Girle of Bridges and of others In Scania in our Country a maid was lately accused to have plaid the Whore because she had milk in her Dugs which nevertheless she proved to be a propriety of her Family by producing her young brother who likewise had milk in his Breasts Infants new born shed a wheyish milky liquor out of their Nipples These examples are confirmed by the Authority oâ— Hypocrates in the 39. Aphorism of his fifth Section where Women have milk though neither with Child nor lately delivered And this happens when the Dugs are filled with abundance of spirituous blood and suppression of Courses be joyned thereto for then the Glandulous substance digests more then is necessary to nourish the Woman Yea in men that are fleshy large-dug'd and cold of constitution a milky humor and as it were milk is frequently seen especially if their Nipples be frequently suck'r and their Dugs rubbed as the examples of many do testfie Aristotle writes of a certain Hee-goat in the I stand Leâ—…s who yeilded so much milk that Câ—rds were made thereof Matthiolus tels us that in sundry places of Bohemia three Goat-Bucks were found that gave milk by which persons that had the Falling-sickness were Cured Others have seen Men out of whose Dugs store of milk came Aben-sina saw so much milk milked from a Man that a Cheese was made thereof C. Schenkius relates that Laurentius Wolfius had store of milk in his Breasts from his youth till he was fifty years old Jo. Rhodius had such an Host in England and Santorellus knew a Calabrian who his Wife being dead and he unable to give wages to a Nurse did nourish his own Child with his own milk Walaeus saw a Flemming of like Nature who being even forty years of Age could milk abundance of milk out of huge Dugs which he had A. Benedictus relates the story of a Father that gave his Son suck And Nicolaus Gemma Vesalius M. Donatus Aqua-pendens H. Eugubius Baricellus do witness the same thing and I have allready told you as much of a Boy of Scania in our Countrey of Denmarke and Cardan saw a man thirty four years old out of whose Dugs so much milk did run as would have suffised to suckle a Child They relate how that in the new world all men well-near abound with milk Now that this was true milk which we have related did run from men is hence apparent because it was as fit to nourish children as that of Women III. The use of the Dugs in Women is to adorne them and render them the more delectable to Men. IV. They serve to receive Excrementious moisture Whereupon their Dugs being cut off Women incur sundry Diseases because the blood which ascends finding no Vessels to receive it runs hastily into the principal parts the Heart Lungs c Which danger I conceive the Amazones did study to avoid by their so vehement exercising themselves in warfare Some cut the Dug off when it is cancered but the operation is dangerous by reason of the bleeding which follows CHAP. II. Of the Intercostal or Rib-between Muscles SUndry Muscles which we meet within the Chest shall be first of all explained in the fourth Book by reason of the Method of Section But the Intercostal or Rib-between Muscles so called because they are interwoven between the Ribs must be explained in this place Now they are totally fleshy forty four in number on each side two and twenty eleven external and as many internal For evermore between two Ribs two Muscles rest one upon another and there are eleven Intervals or Spaces between the Ribs Others have done ill to make their Number sixty eight For in the Intervals of the true Ribs they have made divers Muscles lying hid between the boney parts of those Ribs differing from those which are found between the Gristley parts The External ones arise from the lower parts of the upper Ribs and descending obliquely towards the back-parts they are inserted into the upper parts of the lower Ribs The Internal contrary wiâ—e The External end at the Cartilages The Internal fil the spaces both of the Ribs and Gristles They have oblique Fibres and mutually cross one the other like this Leâ—â—â— X because the Muscles are otherwise short because of the smalness of the Intervals Hence in the opening such as have a suppuration in their Chest Section is to be made straight according to the Course of the Fibres nor overthwart They have received sundry Vessels Veins from the Azygos and upper Intercostal Arteries from both the Intercostals Nerves from the sixt pare joyned to them which proceed from the Marrow of the Back Their use is to Dilate and Contract the Chest the external imitate the drawing of the Subclavius By raising the Ribs and straitning the Chest and help towards Exspiration The internal draw away the Ribs and by enlarging the Chest help the Drawing in of the breath Galen contrarywise makes the external serve for drawing in and the internal for blowing out of the Air whose opinion is favored by Vestingius Others with Vesalius will have the external Muscles to thrust the lower Ribs upwards and the internal ones to draw the upper Muscles downwards that they might so mutually assist one another in straitning of the Chest But we should rather think that when the Internal ones are quiet the External do act by themselves Fallopius Arantius Riolanus do account them only to be fleshy Ligaments of the Ribs whereby they are knit one to another because the Ribs cannot be moved of