and the hardnesse of our heart bringeth to passe that we are touched with no féeling at all of sorowe for our sinnes without which féeling the voice of the Gospell doth neuer waxe swéete vnto man but rather lie wide open and giue vp our selues to the committing of all filthinesse Now the word of God is a souereigne salue to heale vp these sores when the same is sincerelie taught and faithfullie learned Which thing that kinglie Prophet Dauid knowing well inough witnesseth saieng In quo mundam c. Wherewith shall a young man redresse his waie In taking heede thereto according to thy word which word doubtlesse he saith in the same Psalme is his delight and counsellers For this cause the same Prophet preferreth that verie word before all the riches of the world saieng Diligo mandata c. I loue thy commandements aboue gold yea aboue most fine gold Againe Laetabor ego super c. I will reioice at thy words as one that findeth a great spoile Againe Melior mihi lex c. The lawe of thy mouth is better vnto me than thousands of gold and siluer Dauid therefore confesseth that the word of God is the most pretious treasure in the world and that our life is vncleane and our waie filthie vntill they be cleansed by the word of God as with water of the clearest fountaine Which thing is then done when we obtaine faith by hearing and receiue the holie Ghost For then the mistinesse of our mindes is driuen awaie our vnderstanding is lightened and our heart which was hard before like a stone is made fleshie and soft so that the lawe of God maie bée written therein euen to be touched with the féeling of sin to defie and spit at sinne and to followe the counsels not of the flesh but of the spirit in framing and ordering our life Séeing the doctrine of Gods word bringeth so manie and great benefites that notable man whom euen now I named saith euen vpon iust cause that Among all the workes of men to teach and learne the word of God is the most excellent Now forsomuch as the word of God is a treasure so pretions to teach and learne the word of God a worke so excellent what shall we saie of the sincere true teachers of this word What shall we saie of them which deliuered the word of God as it were from destruction when it laie ouertroden with the horrible imaginations of men and deuises of diuels as in most filthie mire and made the same faire and cleane with their sound and sincere expositions We are greatlie indebted to them which sée to the prouision of such necessaries as belong to the maintenance of this life and without which these fraile bodies of ours cannot continue in health but we are neuer able to requite them with the like which haue restored and made doctrine pure againe béeing the verie treasure without the which we fall from all hope of euerlasting life and haue deliuered the same doctrine vnto vs both by word of mouth and in writing sound and sincere In the number of these I reckon M. Philip Melancthon our schoolemaster a man worthie of the first place next vnder M. Martine Luther than whom all Germanie neuer bred and brought vp one sharper in wit quicker in iudgement perfecter in knowledge greater in learning readier sounder in expounding the scripture roundlie yea more than that zealouser in godlinesse and earnester in religion In consideration of which notable and singular gifts he is had in great account and estimation not onelie of them which professe the same religion with vs but also of the verie enimies of true religion When Saint Paule wrote to the Philippians of his time concerning Epaphroditus saieng Excipite ipsum in domino Receiue him in the Lord with all gladnesse and make much of such the holie Ghost meaneth indéed thereby yea willeth vs to take them for Gods instruments openlie to confesse the benefits which wée receiue by the meanes of such men to be of God to reuerence them as our schoolemasters to loue them as our fathers to estéeme of them as the builders vp of Gods Church and to make accompt of them as the most principall pillers of Gods Temple Thus much doeth godlinesse desire and their trauels deserue no lesse We must not therefore giue them anie place whose practise it is to deuise slauders reproches and foule speaches thereby doing what they can to put out so great lights of the Church who if they séems to haue done amisse in anie thing let vs make the best of it for Christian charitie and méeknesse sake It is a true saieng of Xenophon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which sound thus béeing expounded It is a hard matter for men so to do a thing that it be amisse in no point and it is hard for them also that do a thing in no respect blame-worthy not to light vpō some quareling findfault For the weaknes of men is great and manie escapes are made in a mans life which are rather friendlie fauourablie to be couered than maliciouslie and enuiouslie to be made worse There is also in manie a great lightnesse which maketh men to be sharper iudges against others that haue not offended at all As for our weaknesse let vs lament it and as for our lightnesse which is the cause that they are euill thought of whose labours are greater and their gifts excellenter let vs leaue it giuing God thankes who sendeth into his Church for the edification or building vp thereof such healthfull instruments And although verie great thankes as méete is are due to them which haue found out made redie the first waie yet notwithstanding others that haue followed after in their place and trie all the masteries they maie for the edification or building vp of the Church and the knitting together of the Saints are not to bée sette at naught but euerie one in his place is to be had in accompt Saint Paule was a worthie and chosen instrument of God than whom not one of the Apostles laboured more nor spread the Gospell of Christ further Titus also who remained in the Isle of Crete was lesser than Saint Paule both in giftes and labours and also in degrée of calling Héere I acknowledge and giue Saint Paule his title to be the great teacher of the Gentiles and as for Titus I reuerence him according to his place who learned at S. Paules mouth those things which afterwards he deliuered to his hearers In like sort I acknowledge and reuerence M. Martine Luther M. Philip Melancthon as the principall and chiefest teachers that euer Gods Church had in our age the like I doe also to all and euerie one of them in their place as the healthfull instruments of God in his Church by whose workes I set great store am also right glad that it was my lucke to be of
more at large to the Gentiles vnder the name of the Ephesians declaring how the Gentiles who in times past were straungers from the Commonwelth of God are made Citizens with the Saints and of Gods houshold all which is wrought by the crosse of Christ the vertue and power whereof is made knowne vnto men by the preaching of the Gospell Lastlie he ioineth héerewithall a conclusion with a notable enlargement All these things tend wholie héerevnto that the Ephesians might estéeme and thinke of the grace of the Gospell according to the worthinesse therof least they being made partakers of so heauenlie a mysterie should vnaduisedlie fall awaie from it againe ¶ THE EXPOSITION OF THE SEcond Chapter with the obseruation of doctrines therein conteined Verse 1. 2. 1 And you hath he quickened that vvere dead in trespasses and sinnes 2 Wherein in time past ye vvalked according to the course of this vvorld and after the Prince that ruleth in the aire euen the spirit that novv worketh in the children of disobedience And you when you were dead in the trespasses and sinnes wherein you walked according to the trade of this world after the Prince that ruleth in the aire euen the spirit which now worketh in the children of vnbeliefe ALthough the wordes of this speach or sentence stand out of order yet notwithstanding there is no disorder of matter Wherfore to the intent it maie be perfect and full the Nominatiue case and the Verbe must be fetcht out of the words which followe after this maner God the Father hath quickened you together with Christ when you were dead in sinnes Now let vs weie the sentence well In the ende of the former Chapter the Apostle calleth Christ The head of the Church and héere he placeth the Ephesians vnder Christ the head that they might aduisedlie coÌ„sider to how great dignitie glorie they are called by the gospel Now y t this passing great benefit might become more sweet to the Ephesians he setteth downe a comparison of a double state common to the Iewes and the Ephesians that is to saie the Gentiles The former state is of them both before their conuersion the latter after their conuersion Before their conuersion S. Paule auoucheth that they both were dead in trespasses sinnes After their conuersion hée saith that they were discharged from the guiltinesse of their sinnes and were quickened in Christ By Trespasses vnderstand the beginnings as it were of sinnes and by Sinnes the custome of sinning And that the Ephesians were dead in trespasses and sinnes before their conuersion he proueth by two reasons For hée sendeth them both to experience or proofe and also to the cause and Prince of all euill and mischiefe Experience would not suffer them to be ignorant how defiled and vncleane they were According to the course of the whole world béeing indéede plunged ouer head and eares in the bottomlesse pit of sinnes For According to the course of this world signifieth the trade fashion custome and vse of this worlde which delighteth in nothing else but in sinnes They are not said in this place To bee dead in trespasses and sinnes whose sinne iâ—â—â—ut out but they whom sinne hath wounded slaine as guiltie before the iudgement seat of God The Apostle speaketh of spiritual death which is a separation of Gods spirit grace from man From whence also y t death which we call the first death to wit the departing of the soule from the bodie and the second death which is death euerlasting doe procéede Let vs now sée what doctrine is ministred vnto vs out of this place First we learne héerehence that men destitute of Gods grace can doe nothing else but sinne in euerie thing that they take in hand Secondlie that Sathan hath full swaie in the children of vnbeliefe that is to saie in them which beléeue not the Gospell Thirdlie that the life and conuersation of men is a testimonie and witnesse by what spirit they are lead whether by the spirit of God or the spirit of the Diuell Fourthlie that such as beléeue in Christ are set frée from the tyrannie of Sathan that hée hath no power ouer them to egge them as hée list to this sinne and that There are two causes of sinnes noted héere to wit The course of this world and The Prince that ruleth in the aire But of these I will speake héereafter when I shall ioine vnto these other causes also as the words of the Apostle shall moue me to the end wée may haue all the causes of sinnes in the vnbeleeuers noted together and so with the greater diligence take héede of them Verse 3. 3 Among vhom vve also had our conuersation in time past in the lusts of our flesh in fulfilling the vvill of the flesh and of the minde and were by nature the children of vvrath as vvell as others Among whom likewise all wee were sometimes conuersant in the concupiscence of our flesh dooing the will of the flesh and of the minde and we were by nature the children of wrath as well as others THis is spoken by waie of application and serueth to this end that the Ephesians looking vpon the Iewes as vpon a paterne or example might hope well For séeing y e Apostle saith That the Iews were no lesse giuen to the lewd lusts of the flesh and vnto doing the will of their wicked thoughts whereby they became the children of wrath by the like corruption of nature which reigned in the rest than the Ephesians or other Gentiles and yet affirmeth that they were taken to grace and receiued into fauour it putteth the Ephesians in good hope comfort that they should be receiued into fauour also and be saued through the selfe same goodnesse of God Héerehence let vs learne the vse of such examples as the holie scripture commendeth vnto vs. For they to speake brieflie besides the doctrine which is to be gathered by them set before our eies Gods iudgement and his mercie that we might be instructed and taught hauing such godlie examples of them both in present view The lust of the flesh is that which springeth from the corruption and naughtinesse of the flesh that is of originall sinne For héere this word Flesh signifieth the whole man not yet renewed In the Flesh dwelleth Lust whereby man is egged to do those things which the flesh and the wicked thoughts of the same doe like The Apostle in this place séemeth to make two parts of a corrupt and naughtie nature to wit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to saie the flesh and the minde or the vnderstanding part By the first is meant that part of the minde which the Philosophers call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the appetite or desire which is void of reason By the last that part which they name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the reasonable part Wherevpon it commeth to passe that the whole man before the grace of regeneration is by nature that is to say not
by custome and imitation but by necessitie of birth conception after the fall of our first parents the childe of wrath that is to saie by the iust iudgement of God angrie and displeased with him guiltie of euerlasting death through sinne For the childe of wrath is Passiuelie taken and not Actiuelie For he is not héere said to be the childe of wrath which is angrie but he which suffereth anger by desart and therefore is appointed vnto punishment Also before the childe of wilfulnesse and stubbornesse is Actiuelie taken for it signifieth one that is froward malicious disordered and a wrestler against the word of God and his will It is to be noted therfore that this word Filius Childe ioined with Genitiue cases of Nownes appellatiues is somtimes Actiuelie taken that is to saie signifies a man giuen to that propertie or qualitie which by the Genitiue case is expressed other sometimes againe it is Passiuelie taken that is to saie signifieth him that is made subiect to suffer that thing which the Genitiue case declareth In this place let vs first of all marke how miserable our state and condition is without Christ For we are carried a maine into all kinde of sin and wickednesse euen as the lust of the flesh moueth vs not onlie summoned but also tried found guiltie before Gods iudgement seate as offenders deseruing the wrath of God and eternall death Let this thinking vpon our euill case admonish vs how swéete the Lord is and how comfortable his word who by his grace deliuereth vs out of these daungers and remoueth vs into his glorious kingdome Besides that we haue said by this and the former part we maie gather the causes of sinnes bearing full swaie in the world which kéepe order in following one another The first is the flesh it selfe Now this word Flesh is diuerslie taken in the Scripture For sometimes it hath a proper and sometimes againe a figuratiue or borrowed meaning When it is properlie taken it signifieth the fleshie substance of liuing creatures as when Saint Paule saith thus Non omnis caro eadem c. All flesh is not the same flesh but there is one flesh of men and another flesh of beasts and another of fishes and another of birdes It is figuratiuelie taken also sometimes by the figure Synecdoche and signifieth the whole man as in that place of Saint Paule Vt non c. That all flesh maie not boast that is to saie man or anie other liuing creature as in that place also of Genesis Finis c. An ende of all flesh is come before me Sometimes by the figure Metaphora for as the flesh doeth properlie signifie a thing sensible which maie be fealt and séene so Metaphoricallie it signifieth the outward shewe or appearaunce of things as in that place where it is said Vos iudicatis c. Ye iudge after the flesh Sometimes by the figure Metalepsis for bicause the flesh is soft it is otherwhiles taken for soft and set against hardnesse as in that saieng of the Lord Auferam c. I will take from their flesh their stonie heart and I will giue them a fleshie heart that is to saie a soft heart not resisting God but beléeuing in the word of God Sometimes by the figure Metonymia for something to him belonging and that diuerslie otherwhiles for the iudgement of reason as in that saieng Caro sanguis c. Flesh and bloud hath not opened this vnto thee that is to saie by the iudgement of reason thou perceiuest not that I am the Sonne of God and the true Messias Sometimes for the beginning of mans corrupt nature that is to saie for originall sinne as in Saint Paules Epistles euerie where maie be séene 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to saie The wisedome of the flesh is death Againe Si secundum c. If ye liue after the flesh ye shall die And in that speach of the Lord Quod natum est c. That which is borne of the flesh is flesh And in this sense is the word Flesh taken when we make it the first cause of sinnes reigning and ruling among men Against this is set as it were flat contrarie the spirit of the new borne that is to saie a motion or working which the holie spirit stirreth vp in the hearts of the beleeuers which is the first cause of godlie purposes and exercises in men The second cause of sinnes swaieng in such sort is the lust of the flesh whereby the flesh or originall sinne is made lustie effectuall to bring foorth verie ill fruits The force of this lust all men féele trie in themselues Against this is set as flat contrarie the lust of the spirit which hath place onelie in the godlie and in such as haue chaunged their copie by repentaunce and this is the second cause of godlie purposes and exercises in the good The third cause of trespasses and sinnes is the vnderstanding or as Saint Paule saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is the minde when the minde or vnderstanding being attainted raised vp of lust beginneth to talke and reason with it selfe of those things wherevnto the lust moueth and pricketh it Against this is set as flat contrarie the vnderstanding of the spirit The fourth cause of sinnes and offenses is the will of the flesh and thoughts of the same as Saint Paule saith And although the will sometimes replieth vpon the reasoning of the flesh yet notwithstanding in them that are not new borne it is violentlie caried away yea verie often with the force of the flesh euen as a Pinnisse or small Barke is with contrarie windes and weather though the mariners doe what they can for the safegard of the same Héereto serueth the saieng of Medea Laudo â—â—â—liora c. The better I allow as true But yet the worst I will ensue Against this will of the flesh and the thoughts of the same is set as flat contrarie the will of the spirit commanding things which the flesh can in no wise awaie with and this is the fourth cause of godlie purposes and actions in the good The fift cause of sinnes is as Saint Paule saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The common course of this world that is to saie the peruerse and froward fashions of this world infinite offenses dailie giuen and examples of most mischieuous déedes without number This euill custome of the world is a kinde of fodder sustenaunce of sinne wherewith manie among them that were minded to feare God being fedde fat ware wilde and kicke vp the heele against him Héerehence springeth this that the euill manners of parents is ths euill bringing vp of their children For whiles men doe amisse and liue after the manner of the multitude they excuse themselues by example as they in olde time did who setting good Noe at naught were paid home at length féeling in the floud due punishment for
the blessed hope appearing of the glorie of the mightie God and of our Sauiour Iesus Christ These and such like saiengs let vs set against all sophistrie nothing regarding the fowle language of sophisters albeit they miscall vs at their pleasure tearming vs fooles dolts blockheads asses and otherwise as they list Let Christ alone be our wisedome who as we know well inough hated all sophistrie 5. 6. 7. Verses 5 Who hath predestinate vs to bee adopted through Iesus Christ vnto himselfe according to the good pleasure of his vvil 6 To the praise of the glorie of his grace vvhervvith he hath made vs accepted in his beloued 7 By vvhom vve haue redemption through his bloud euen the forgiuenes of sinnes according to his rich grace VVho hath predestinate vs vnto the adoption of his children through Iesus Christ vnto himselfe according to the good plesure of his will to the praise of his glorie grace whereby he hath made vs acceptable in the beloued in whom we haue redemption by his bloud euen the remission of sinnes according to the riches of his grace THis is an exposition or rather a certeine notable excellent repetition of the last reason with greater weight of things words also a noting of circūstances For in this place y e Apostle fetcheth further beateth vpō that which before he had spoken heaping vp such things together as séemed to make the more for the plaine proofe of the matter Now that we may the better drawe out such treasure as is stored vp in this part and applie the same to our vse let vs lay it downe in points and let vs consider and examine euerie particular member by it selfe seuerallie and weight them throughlie and as they say to the proofe Of this part there are eight members which thus followe in order IN the first place he maketh mention of the verie foundation or principall cause of our spirituall blessing that is to say of our saluation namelie predestination wherby God had a foreknowledge of their saluation euen before the world was made which shuld beléeue in Iesus Christ For as our Lord Iesus Christ alone is the matter of our election so is he also of our predestination In the second place he setteth downe the forme or manner of predestination to wit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say adoption whereby we are adopted into the sonnes which were before through sinne the sonnes of wrath This predestinate adoption is applied vnto vs by faith according to that saieng of the Apostle Potestatem dedit c. He hath giuen power to them that beleeue in him to be the sonnes of God Now seeing God by the preaching of the Gospell calleth all men vnto faith there is no doubt but Gods will is indéed that all men should be saued For farre be it from the mindes of the godlie to haue such a thought namelie that the heart of him which hath mercie differeth from the voice of him which calleth In the third place because it is come to passe through the sinne of our first parents and by our owne default that we are estraunged from God and put backe a farre off from Gods houshold the Apostle sheweth a meane whereby we are ioined to God againe receiued into his housholde and adopted for his sonnes This remedie or meane is Iesus Christ the onelie Mediatour of God and men who is apprehended and taken holde vpon by faith in the preaching of the Gospell wherein the holie Ghost is effectuall and mightie in working Héere all merites of men which make nothing for our saluation are manifestlie ouerthrowne and laid along likewise all prerogatiue and boasting of the flesh is héere confounded That he which glorieth might glorie in the Lord in whom we are both elect and predestinate In the fourth place he expresseth the compelling cause of this excellent grace and adoption namelie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say the bountifull liberall and fatherlie affection or entier loue of our heauenlie father towards mankinde This good will and loue of God the Angels blaze abroad at the birth of Christ saieng Gloria c. Glorie to God on high in earth peace toward men good will The verie same hath our heauenlie Father himselfe testified from heauen Hic est c. This is my beloued sonne in whom I am well pleased that is to say in whom I am become bountifull and fauourable towards mankinde to worke his saluation Let vs therefore take héede that we séeke not the good pleasure and will of God towards vs elsewhere than in Iesus Christ alone because in him without all doubt we shall finde the same by faith In the fift place the last ende of our adoption is added which is thrise repeated in this Chapter to wit That the glorie of his grace might be praised For as our adoption is from God so must the same be referred to God that his goodnesse might be praised and magnified through Iesus Christ This end is not to be separated from the grace of adoption whereby manifestlie appeareth how necessarie new obedience is in them which are regenerate and borne againe by faith For héerein consisteth new obedience that we should glorifie God in our minde in our heart in our voice in our works and to be short in our whole life Let them therefore be ashamed of their follie which teach that the good works of Christians are not onely not necessarie but also hurtfull vnto men In the fift place he declareth from whence and out of what fountaine that fatherlie good will and grace of God towards vs doth flow when he saith Wherewith he hath made vs accepted in his beloued This beloued Iesus Christ is that fountaine out of which that exceeding great grace of God towards vs doth issue where vpon that falleth out iump which we noted before that none shall be partaker of this grace but they which lay hands vpon this beloued sonne of God by faith In the seuenth place some thing is said of redemption to wit That the beloued sonne of God hath redéemed vs by his bloud and washed away our sinnes that how many of vs so euer rest vpon him with a stedfast faith might appeare iust and righteous in the sight of God In the eight place the principall cause of our redemption wrought by Iesus Christ is touched where it is said According to the riches of his grace that is to say according to the euerlasting vnspeakable grace of God whereby he would that his beloued sonne should be made a cleansing sacrifice for the sinnes of men that the iustice of God by that meanes might be satisfied and that place might be left for his mercie The riches of his grace doe signifie after the Hebrew phrase Gods vnmeasurable bottomlesse and euerlasting grace as I said euen now which manner of speach the Apostle vseth vpon especiall reason and singular purpose Let vs therefore consider
their disobedience Against this froward and wilfull wicked world maie be set as flat contrarie as well the examples of holie Angels and other Gods good creatures in heauen as also of Saints and holie people which estéemed nothing more pleasant nothing more precious and nothing better in their life than to be obedient vnto God by faith The sixt cause of sins ouerrunning the world is The Prince that ruleth in the aire that is to saie the Diuell For he as the holie historie beareth witnesse of traiterous Iudas entreth into mens hearts and pulleth them forward into diuers sinnes and offenses that they should not be saued Against him as flat contrarie maie be set the Prince that ruleth in the Church Christ Iesus who giueth his holie spirit to them that aske it And he is the first and chiefest author yea the cause of causes of all godlie purposes and exercises whatsoeuer in them that are turned and become new creatures Hetherto we haue shewed what be the causes of trespasses and sinnes ouerspreading the world against all which the onelie souereigne remedie is Faith in Iesus Christ This is the victorie which ouercommeth the world euen your faith In this are conteined the causes of doing good déedes which causes I haue alreadie rehearsed in this is Christ the conquerour of the kingdome of darkenesse possessed in this we are made new men and regenerated by this a new spirit wherewith we withstand the flesh is obteined finallie by this the whole bodie of sinne is striken dead and mortified Verses 4. 5. 6. 7. 4 But God vvhich is rich in mercie through his great loue vvherevvith he loued vs 5 Euen vvhen vve vvere dead by sinnes hath quickened vs together in Christ by vvhose grace ye are saued 6 And hath raised vs vp together made vs sit together in the heauenlie places in Christ Iesus 7 That he might shew in the ages to come the exceeding riches of his grace through his kindnesse tovvards vs in Christ Iesus But God which is rich in mercie for the great loue sake wherewith he loued vs euen when we were dead by sinne hath quickened vs together with Christ For by grace are ye saued and hath made vs sit together in heauenlie things in Christ Iesus that he might shew in times to come the abundant riches of his grace in kindenesse to vs ward in Christ Iesu THis is an amplification or enlargement and an Antithesis or opposition whereby the common state of the Iewes and Gentiles vnder grace is declared Before the Apostle spake seuerallie of them both now he comprehendeth and putteth them both together that he might shew the equall condition and state of them both The summe of the sentence is this As God made the Iewes partakers of heauenlie glorie euen thorough his méere grace goodnesse so did he also the Gentiles But the Apostle to the ende he might enlarge his speach amplifieth the same according to his manner by the place of causes and effects rehearsing the selfe same things here which he spake in the first Chapter touching this mysterie For in the first place he setteth downe the principall ground or chiefe cause of our restitution and recouerie to wit the méere mercie of God wherewith he loued vs in Christ After that he maketh mention of the fruites of this mercie which is of thrée sorts namelie of life of resurrection and of heauenlie grace in Christ For the life of Christ his resurrection and his sitting in heauenlie places is a certeine assurance a pledge and merit of our life our resurrection and heauenlie grace For seeing we are the members of Christ we shall be partakers of the same happinesse and glorie with our head And as the Apostle maketh Christ the meane by whom these so great benefits are conueied vnto vs so he maketh the declaring of Gods grace towards men the end of these benefits giuen and bestowed vpon vs. Neither is this a declaring of Gods temporall goodnesse but an vnspeakable token and signe of his perpetuall goodnesse For that which Christ once did that remaineth for euer as an assured warrant of Gods goodnesse towards vs. Now touching that which is inclosed in a Parenthesis By grace ye are saued it is indéed a verie short saieng howbeit the same conteineth the whole summe and cause of all Gods good graces powred vpon vs through Christ the benefit it selfe is Saluation the cause is Grace that is the honour of God which is grounded in Christ and from him conueied vnto vs as from the head to the members Héere againe is commended vnto vs a generall doctrine of the Church of God to wit that vnto God alone for Christ his sonnes sake our redemption is to be ascribed By which doctrine their vanitie is disproued who referre the benefit of our saluation to mens workes merits either going before or following after or ioined with iustification But this doctrine is treated vpon more at large in the point or discourse following and it is amplified by it owne proper causes vnproper causes put apart Verses 8. 9. 10 8 For by grace are ye saued through faith and that not of your selues it is the gift of God 9 Not of vvorkes least anie man should boast himselfe 10 For we are his vvorkemanship created in Christ Iesus vnto good workes that vve should vvalke in them By grace are ye saued through faith and this is not of your selues it is the gift of God not of workes least anie man should boast For we are his workemanship created in Christ Iesus vnto good workes which God ordein'd or prepared before that we should walke in them HEere the Apostle gathereth as it were into one Aphorisme the whole matter which hetherto he hath handeled to the ende it maie the better be séene and that the circumstances and causes also being placed together might the easier be borne in remembraunce and vnderstood First therefore he setteth downe Grace whereby God taketh vs againe vnto him of his meere mercie for Christs sake who is the matter of our saluation The effect of this grace he maketh to be Saluation that is our iustification and our glorification He addeth the instrument whereby the same is receiued euen Faith For by faith we receiue the promise of saluation which the Gospell doth present and offer vnto vs. But bicause false Apostles sworne enimies to grace haue for the most part attributed the benefit of saluation to the works of men the Apostle disproueth them taking his reason from the contrarie cause Saluation saith he is the gift of God Ergo it is not of workes For these two can agrée in no case To haue somwhat of frée gift and To obteine the same by desart of workes This is auouched by S. Paule saieng Si ex gratia c. If it be of grace it is no more of workes or else were grace no more grace but if it be of workes it is no more
begot and brought vs vp The cause commanding is the lawe of God which chargeth children to honour their parents It is profitable so to doe Whie Bicause of the happie successe good lucke and long life which followeth therevpon But héere certeine questions are to be canuassed and sifted out the first whereof is this Doth it not oftentimes fall out that godlie and vertuous children die before their time and too too soone How then shall this promise of long life vpon earth be sure steddie and vndoubted to trust vnto Doe not vngodlie and vngratious children liue a long time and sée manie daies I aunswere This must first of all bée considered that what earthlie benefite or temporall gifte so euer our most louing and heauenlie Father doth promise vs the same is to bée receiued vpon this condition to wit so farre foorth as it turneth vs to good and serueth for the saluation of our soule Wherefore it commeth to passe and that not seldome that how much more God loueth his childe so much the sooner he taketh him out of this life according to that saieng Ablatus est iustus c. The iust and righteous man is taken awaie before his time least wickednesse should chaunge his disposition and maliciousnesse marre his manners Now because it happeneth sometimes that wicked and vngratious children liue long the cause thereof is the long suffering and gentlenesse of God calling them to repentance which if they set at naught they laie vp for themselues treasure against the daie of wrath that they maie euen then be tormented with euerlasting paines for their stifnecked stubbornenesse Whie doth the Apostle call this commaundement The first with promise béeing in déede the fourth in place and order séeing also the first commaundement hath a promise ioined with it euen the promise of Gods fauour and mercie I aunswere Wée must marke that in the lawe of God promise is of two sortes the one generall the other speciall or particular That is a generall promise which the first commandement hath hanging vpon it which is in déede a promise of a vniuersall or whole obedience to the lawe of God that is to saie it doth not properlie belong to the first commaundement but vnto all the commaundements or to the vniuersall and whole obedience of the lawe The speciall or particular promise is that which particularlie and seuerallie by it selfe is tied to some one commandement as long life is promised in the fourth commandement to be the reward of obedience towards our parents Furthermore the demand touching the necessitie of the end of euerie ones life appointed by destinie is aunswered out of this place For these words of the Apostle do manifestlie disproue ouerthrowe them which saie that the terme of life cannot be shortened by sinne offense nor yet prolonged by dutie obedience Which if it should be true the holie Ghost would not in anie wise promise happie successe and long life vnto them which honour their parents and it were flat against all reason if this obedience should doe no good at all either for the prosperous falling out of things or for the lengthening of life Against this false imagination therefore of the Stoikes which doth not onelie hurt and rauish manners but alse quite putteth out and destroieth all exercises of godlinesse most sure and stedfast testimonies must be prouided and learned of which testimonies there are thrée kindes speciallie which ouerthrowe this necessitie of the terme or end of our life which destinie hath made certeine vndoubted and vnmoueable as saie the Stoikes the Testimonies are these promises of obedience threatenings for stubbornenesse and examples of both Testimonies of promises because they are manie these few shall serue the turne It is thus said in Exodus Deuteronomie Honora patrem tuum matrem tuam c. Honour thy father and thy mother that thy daies maie be prolonged vpon the land which the Lord giueth thee Againe in the Prouerbs Per me multiplicabuntur c. Thy daies shall be multiplied by me and the yeares of thy life shall be augmented Againe Iusticia liberabit c. Righteousnesse deliuereth from death And againe Timor Domini c. The feare of the Lord increaseth the daies Of these promises there are manie examples When God threatned that he would destroie the stifnecked people Moses intreateth for them and according to promise the penitent were spared The destruction ouerthrowe of the Niniuites was pronounced euen by Gods owne mouth to fall vpon them the fourtith daie after Ionas began to preach but yet according to promise the penitent were spared Dauid maketh his praier vnto God and reared vp an altar that the pestilence might cease and he obteined his asking As for Ezechias what should I speake of him His repentance got him fiftéene yeares longer life There are verie manie testimonies of threatenings for stubbornesse stiffeneckednesse and disobedience such as these Qui maledicit c. He that curseth his father or his mother his light shall be put out in obscure places or in the middest of darknesse Againe Anni impiorum c. The yeares of the wicked shalbe diminished Againe in the Psalme Viri sanguinum c. The bloudie and deceiptfull men shall not liue halfe their daies In the 20. Chapter of Leuiticus the Lord threateneth a rooting out of wicked offenders from among their people which rooting out can be nothing else but a shortening and cutting off of their life for the fowle offenses which they committed Of these testimonies there are manie examples Her the sonne of Iuda because he was wicked in the sight of the Lord it is said that the Lord slew him Againe Onan spilling his séede vpon the ground least he should raise vp issue vnto his brother was also slaine of the Lord. Achan for the spoile of the excommunicate thing was commaunded euen by Gods owne mouth to bée stoned to death These promises and threatenings with their examples doe plainlie enough disproue and ouerthrowe the opinion of the Stoikes touching the end and ternie of life guided by destinie With these reasons accordeth the saieng of Iob which they wrest to the stablishing of their opinion For Iob speaketh vnder condition wherevpon it is manifest nothing can be proued And although one or other stand in it stoutlie that by the words of Iob there is a certeine end of life limitted set and appointed let him or them knowe that the saieng of Iob concerning the ende of life limitted set appointed is not to be referred vnto causes of destinie but to the obedience and disobedience of Gods commaundement Heerevnto also serueth the demaund touching the vanitie of Natiuitie-casters and Fortune-tellers that is to saie of them which by birthstarres that is by starres which arise at euerie ones comming into the world tell folkes fortunes their good lucke and their ill lucke And although it is to be graunted that
not onely of what great price the bloud of Christ is in the sight of God but also how great the abundance of Gods grace is flowing from the same least any should thinke that this grace of God stretcheth it selfe but to a few or that it is all spent long agoe considering the degrees of ages past and by that meanes not to be sufficient for the cleansing of our sinnes vpon whom the end of the world is come See how richly stored this short point is with most excellent and heauenlie things Wherefore let the same be diligently learned each seueral word therof throughly considered For the mysterie of our saluation is no where either more briefly or more fitly described Verses 8. 9. 10. 8 Whereby hee hath bene abundant towards vs in all vvisdome and vnderstanding 9 And hath opened vnto vs the mysterie of his vvill according to his good pleasure vvhich he had purposed in him 10 That in the dispensation of the fulnesse of the times hee might gather together in one all things both vvhich are in heauen and vvhich are in earth euen in Christ VVhich grace he hath shed vpon vs abundantly in all wisdome and prudence in making knowne vnto vs the mysterie of his will according to his good pleasure which hee purposed in himselfe to haue it declared when the time was full come to gather together all things in Christ both the things which are in heauen and also the things which are in earth euen in him LET the trim order of Paules words be marked Hetherto he hath handled the causes of our blessing and saluation wonderfully both with weightie words and matter Now he commeth to the instrument whereby that spirituall grace is reuealed offered and communicated vnto vs namely to the verie ministerie of the worde of which ministerie he speaketh not after a common manner but déeplie and diuinelie euen to this ende that he might kindle in vs a greater zeale of this heauenly grace The summe of this point therefore is this That the Apostle teacheth that the grace of God which bringeth saluatiō to all men is plentifully powred vpon vs by the Gospell according to the good pleasure of God that at the length all might bée gathered againe in Christ Now let vs throughly cōsider the seuerall words In the first place y e Apostle vseth this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to abound whereby those riches of Gods grace are signified wherof he spake before that we might know that the grace of God is sufficient to saue all men For the fountaine of grace is neuer drawn so drie but euerie one may fetch frō it to serue their turne so they carrie faith with them neither can the sins of men be so many so great but they may be ouerwhelmed drowned in the floud flowing from this fountaine so that men séeke to get into Noes Arke that is to say into the houshold of God by the faith of Christ Let no man therfore despaire for y e greatnesse multitude of his sins but whiles the time of grace yet lasteth let him earnestly repent flie vnto him for succour who crieth out That he came into y e world to saue sinners to receiue the repentant into grace fauour He addeth the effect or fruit of the Gospell in the hearers to wit that thereby they are instructed In all wisdome and vnderstanding For so doth the old Interpretour and Erasmus translate the words verie well Now these words are rightly discerned if we referre wisdome 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to knowledge and vnderstanding 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to practise For these two things we must fetch from the preaching of the Gospell Wisedome therefore signifieth the knowledge of the Gospell that is say the knowledge of God and of all those things which are néedfull to be knowne for the obtaining of saluation Vnderstanding being the gouernesse of all our purposes and enterprises applieth that knowledge to the framing of our life and practising of that which is good that we may abound not onely in knowledge but also in iudgement as the Apostle saith to the Philippians Out of this effect or fruit of the Gospell these specialties following may be gathered The first that the preaching of the Gospell is the reuelation of Gods grace towards mankinde also of his election whereby he chose vs in Christ The second that the perfect wisdome and vnderstanding of Gods children is contained in the Gospell so much as is sufficient for the obtaining of saluation The third which is concluded vpon the two former that it is lawfull for Gods children to set light by and to haue in contempt without feare all doctrines of men and Angels contrarie to the Gospell yea to count them accursed according to that saieng Let him bee accursed which preacheth anie other Gospell Furthermore whereas the Apostle presently addeth And hath opened vnto vs the mysterie of his will according to his good pleasure he commendeth yet againe the Gospell vnto vs in which commendation thrée things are principally to be marked First that he calleth the Gospell a mysterie that is to say a secreat wherevpon it followeth that it is not the wisdome of mans reason but of heauenlie grace For if the reason of man could reach vnto it Paule would not haue called it a mysterie A reason why he calleth it by such a name is expressed in his Epistle to the Romans in these words Iuxta Euangelium c. According to my Gospell and preaching of Iesus Christ by the reuelation of the mysterie which was kept secreat since the world began But now is opened and published among all nations by the Scriptures of the Prophets at the commaundement of the euerlasting God for the obedience of faith Secondly that the Gospell is the mysterie of Gods will according to his good pleasure But what is that will of good pleasure in God That all nations might beléeue and obey the Gospell For so we taught euen now out of the Apostles words Now in that the euent or successe is not aunswerable to the will of Gods good pleasure the default is in men who to their owne destruction maliciously refuse saluation fréely offered Therefore the preaching of grace if thou looke to the purpose of God and his good pleasure is vniuersall and stretcheth vnto all But if thou consider the euent or successe it séemeth to be particular to reach but to some which doubtlesse commeth to passe through mans owne fault not through the appointment of God which created him gaue his sonne to redéeme him For God in deede would haue all men saued and come to the knowledge of the truth as we haue shewed before at large where we declared that our election was cōditional Thirdly that the Apostle maketh the good pleasure of God the Father the cause of the reuelation of this mysterie as before he made it the cause of our election and predestination Whereby we are
admonished that wée must iudge of our election and predestination by our calling which calling séeing it is as well vniuersall according to y t saieng Ite in vniuersum c. Go ye throughout the whole world and preach the Gospell vnto euerie creature whiles he nameth euerie creature he taketh away the difference of people and persons as also conditionall namely the condition of faith according to that saieng Qui credident c. He that beleeueth shall be saued therefore shall election and predestination be likewise conditionall which are not to bée separated from Christ who is the matter of them both Now followeth a double circumstance of this good pleasure of God the first is of the time of the reuelation of the mysterie of the Gospell the second is of the ende of the reuelation For when he saith In the dispensation of the fulnesse of the times he signifieth that the good pleasure of God was then reuealed when the time was come which God had appointed with himselfe Now this time as it was marked of the Patriarch Iacob with a speciall signe token so was it noted of Daniel the Prophet with a certaine bound limit Iacob saith Non auferetur c. The scepter shall not depart from Iudah vntill Shilo come that is to say The seed promised to our forefathers Daniel reckoneth thrée score ten wéekes of the yeares from the captiuitie of Babylon vntill the comming of our Lord Iesus Christ Of this time speaketh Paule saiing Quando vent c. When the fulnesse of time was come God sent foorth his sonne made of a woman and made vnder the law that he might redeeme them which were vnder the lawe The word Dispensation which Paule vseth in this place is called in Gréeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of which word there is a double vse For one while and that according to the Etymologie or right propertie of the same it signifieth a care or charge good ordering of an house and houshold An other while but Metaphoricallie or by translation it signifieth a disposing and fit framing of things which are to be done or a certaine kéeping of order in handling of matters The second circumstance is of the ende of the reuelation of Gods good pleasure which is To gather together in one all things euen in Christ The Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which Saint Paule vseth doth signifie to ioine together into one bodie as it were things set a sunder and scattered and to knit them to one head For the Substantiue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the which the Verbe is deriued is as it were a certain summarie a gathering together of sundrie parts in one whole bodie The Apostle therefore meaneth that creatures which were scattered are gathered together in one through Iesus Christ that béeing gathered together they might bée all vnder one head The diuision following comprehendeth the whole Church Which are saith he in heauen that is to say the holie Angels and beléeuers which departed this life before the sonne of God tooke flesh of the Virgin And which are in earth that is to saie all such as doe beléeue and shall beléeue in Christ alreadie reuealed and come into the world shall be vnder one head as it were a bodie consisting of many and sundrie members Héere we are put in minde of faith whereby we are knit vnto Christ our head and of loue wherby we are coupled in brotherhoode one with an other This brotherhood or fellowship is commended vnto vs by the Sacraments of the Church Baptisme beareth witnesse that we are baptised into one bodie The supper of the Lord is a token of y e Communion which we haue with Christ it is a certaine testimonial assured warrant of spiritual fraternitie and felowship betwéene our selues Verse 11. 12 11 In whom also we are chosen vvhen vvee vvere predestinate according to the purpose of him vvhich vvorketh all things after the counsell of his ovvne vvill 12 That vve vvhich first trusted in Christ should bee vnto the praise of his glorie In whom also we are chosen being predestinate according to the purpose of him which worketh all things according to the counsell of his will that wee which before hoped in Christ should be vnto the praise of his glorie THus farre the Apostle hath spoken of all the elected and chosen in Christ generallie now by distribution he applieth the generalitie vnto two specialties and first he toucheth the Iewes declaring that they are made partakers of heauenlie grace And he setteth downe in order three causes of this heauenlie grace to wit the efficient the finall and the instrumentall cause Hée sheweth the efficient cause when he saith Predestinate according to the purpose of him Concerning this cause read that which we haue noted before alreadie He addeth the finall cause That we should bee vnto the praise of his glorie that is to saie that God himselfe might be praised for the greatnesse of his grace and mercie shewed vnto vs. He ioineth héer vnto y e instrument when he saith That we which first hoped or trusted in Christ For vnder y e name of hope he doth in this place comprehend faith also Now whereas I expound that of faith which is héere ascribed to hope therein is no obscuritie or hardnesse For as faith is oftentimes taken for hope so is hope taken for faith by reason of a mutuall consequence or following one of an other For that which faith laieth hold vpon possesseth presently that doth hope looke and waite for to come héereafter These thrée causes of grace the Apostle setteth downe in this place which grace as before he called it Gods blessing or his adoption so héere it may be vnderstood by this word Chosen or choice euen to this end that we may know it is Gods frée gift For it goeth not by lot that man is chosen but it is the will of God which offereth saluation fréely vnto all Now where he addeth Which worketh all things after the counsell of his owne will he giueth vs a double doctrine or lesson to learne The first is that God is not tied according to the destinie of the Stoikes to second causes but at frée full libertie to doe what hée list For hee which by his counsell can and by his power will do is not compelled by any manner of necessitie at all to doe this or that For things depending vpon necessitie are neither gouerned by counsell nor dispensed withall by will The second is that God worketh in his Church all things that are wholesome and good and nothing that is euill or commeth of sinne as some out of this place vnaduisedly conclude saieng He that saith all things excludeth nothing But their reason is ouerthrown by the Apostles words For if God worketh all things by the counsell of his will his will be most holie so good as nothing better intending nothing that is euill in anie