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to_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o law_n from_o the_o society_n of_o man_n all_o such_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o first_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o rule_n viz._n scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o his_o life_n such_o word_n be_v actionable_a if_o a_o man_n call_v another_o traitor_n 22._o felon_n thief_n or_o murderer_n a_o action_n lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o they_o call_v a_o man_n life_n in_o question_n 16._o so_o it_o be_v all_o one_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o kill_v or_o murder_v i._o s._n 196._o or_o that_o he_o steal_v his_o goodâ—_n or_o that_o he_o poison_v he_o if_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v witting_o do_v or_o the_o like_a these_o word_n likewise_o be_v actionable_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n in_o the_o margin_n so_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v of_o another_o he_o have_v burn_v my_o bâ—â—ne_n with_o corn_n 20._o which_o be_v felony_n this_o likewise_o will_v bear_v a_o 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without_o act_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n and_o i_o conceive_v it_o will_v not_o be_v like_o the_o case_n bench._n put_v by_o tanfiâ—ld_n iust._n in_o harris_n and_o hixons_n case_n where_o he_o say_v that_o to_o say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o lie_v in_o wait_n to_o rob_v or_o to_o murder_v i._o s._n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o he_o accuse_v he_o of_o a_o act_n viz._n the_o preparation_n and_o lie_v in_o wait_n which_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o former_a case_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o bare_a advice_n 8._o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n holy_a
perjure_v and_o therefore_o not_o actionable_a thomas_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o axworth_n for_o these_o word_n 4_o this_o be_v john_n thomas_n his_o writing_n he_o have_v forge_v this_o warrant_n adjudge_v the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v harvy_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o duckin_n pl._n for_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v forge_v a_o write_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n be_v because_o of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o the_o word_n warrant_n and_o write_n and_o as_o i_o have_v give_v you_o the_o rule_n before_o the_o scandal_n must_v be_v certain_a and_o apparent_a in_o the_o word_n themselves_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a by_o tanfield_n justice_n in_o wiseman_n case_n cite_v before_o if_o a_o man_n say_v that_o one_o of_o his_o brother_n be_v perjure_v no_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o of_o the_o incertainty_n in_o the_o case_n which_o i_o put_v you_o before_o move_v by_o williams_n 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defrande_v equity_n justice_n and_o good_a conscience_n resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o that_o though_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v neither_o officer_n â—or_a judge_n nor_o be_v swear_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trust_n repose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o for_o that_o he_o be_v punishable_a for_o bribary_n or_o corruption_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n in_o the_o court_n out_o of_o which_o it_o issue_v not_o deserve_v if_o the_o word_n be_v true_a to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o like_a commission_n or_o any_o other_o for_o these_o cause_v the_o word_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v actionable_a and_o popham_n chief_a justice_n in_o this_o case_n make_v no_o difference_n where_o the_o commission_n issue_v to_o one_o and_o where_o to_o many_o nor_o where_o they_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o court_n where_o by_o the_o party_n for_o in_o the_o first_o case_n he_o say_v the_o confidence_n of_o the_o court_n be_v all_o one_o and_o in_o the_o last_o though_o that_o they_o be_v nominate_v to_o the_o court_n by_o the_o party_n yet_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v commissioner_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o court._n sir_n richard_n greenefield_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o furnace_n for_o these_o word_n thou_o innuendo_fw-la captain_n greenfield_n have_v receive_v money_n of_o the_o king_n to_o buy_v new_a saddle_n bench._n and_o have_v cozen_v the_o king_n and_o buy_v old_a saddle_n for_o the_o trooper_n it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v and_o it_o be_v liken_v to_o these_o case_n which_o i_o will_v cite_v because_o they_o be_v worth_a the_o know_n 8._o car._n the_o major_a of_o tivertons_n case_n bench._n one_o say_v of_o he_o that_o the_o major_n have_v cozen_v all_o his_o brethren_n etc._n etc._n
say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o plague_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o this_o also_o be_v a_o dangerous_a infectious_a disease_n and_o a_o cause_n of_o separation_n i_o have_v now_o finish_v my_o task_n of_o show_v you_o what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o and_o yet_o reader_n i_o shall_v not_o end_v this_o treatise_n here_o for_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n not_o worthy_a the_o know_v which_o i_o can_v not_o apt_o introduce_v before_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v omit_v there_o be_v two_o thing_n or_o ground_n very_o remarkable_a in_o all_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n first_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la the_o ground_n or_o occasion_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n and_o that_o must_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n or_o communication_n concern_v the_o plaintiff_n or_o else_o out_o of_o the_o relation_n that_o the_o word_n themselves_o have_v to_o the_o defendant_n or_o otherwise_o as_o the_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o next_o thing_n be_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o speaker_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la or_o not_o first_o for_o the_o first_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la the_o ground_n or_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o the_o word_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o ground_n that_o scandalous_a word_n which_o of_o themselves_o single_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n yet_o be_v join_v to_o other_o word_n or_o discourse_n and_o so_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la or_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v consider_v they_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n for_o sensus_fw-la verborum_fw-la ex_fw-la causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la accipiendus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o word_n must_v ever_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n b_o henry_n lord_n cromwell_n bring_v a_o action_n de_fw-fr scandalis_n magnatum_fw-la against_o edmund_n denny_n supra_fw-la vicar_n of_o n._n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o word_n it_o be_v no_o marvill_a that_o you_o like_v not_o of_o i_o for_o you_o like_v of_o those_o that_o maintain_v sedition_n against_o the_o queen_n proceed_n the_o defendant_n plead_v a_o special_a justification_n in_o effect_n thus_o that_o the_o defendant_n be_v vicar_n of_o n._n the_o plaintiff_n procure_v i._n t._n and_o i._n p._n to_o preach_v there_o who_o in_o their_o sermon_n envey_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v superstitious_a wherefore_o the_o defendant_n inhibit_v they_o for_o they_o have_v no_o licence_n nor_o authority_n to_o preach_v yet_o they_o proceed_v through_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v to_o the_o defendant_n thou_o be_v a_o false_a varleâ—_n i_o like_v not_o of_o thou_o to_o who_o the_o defendant_n say_v it_o be_v no_o marvill_a though_o you_o like_v not_o of_o i_o for_o you_o like_v of_o those_o mean_v the_o aforesaid_a i._n t._n and_o i._o d._n that_o maintain_v sedition_n mean_v that_o seditious_a doctrine_n against_o the_o queen_n proceed_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o justification_n be_v good_a for_o though_o that_o in_o this_o case_n take_v the_o word_n single_o of_o themselves_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v declare_v they_o may_v have_v be_v actionable_a because_o that_o then_o they_o can_v not_o be_v construe_v otherwise_o then_o of_o a_o public_a and_o violent_a sedition_n as_o the_o word_n itself_o do_v import_v yet_o now_o the_o ground_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o word_n appear_v by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o defendant_n do_v not_o intend_v any_o public_a or_o violent_a sedition_n but_o only_o that_o sedition_n doctrine_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o queen_n viz._n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la primo_fw-la by_o which_o the_o common_a prayer_n be_v establish_v and_o god_n forbid_v say_v the_o book_n that_o word_n by_o a_o strict_a and_o grammatical_a construction_n shall_v be_v take_v contrary_a to_o the_o manifest_a intent_n of_o the_o speaker_n therefore_o it_o be_v rule_v upon_o the_o coherence_n of_o all_o the_o word_n that_o the_o justification_n be_v good_a and_o so_o the_o word_n not_o actionable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v rule_v that_o if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o for_o call_v of_o he_o murderer_n and_o the_o defendant_n will_v say_v that_o he_o be_v speak_v with_o the_o plaintiff_n of_o unlawful_a hunt_n and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n confess_v that_o he_o have_v kill_v divers_a hare_n with_o certain_a engine_n to_o who_o the_o defendant_n answer_v and_o say_v thou_o be_v a_o murderer_n mean_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o say_a hare_n that_o this_o be_v a_o good_a justification_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o word_n not_o actionable_a byrchley_n a_o attorney_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o one_o for_o these_o word_n 1._o you_o be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o corrupt_a man_n and_o to_o deal_v corrupt_o resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v rule_v that_o if_o the_o precedent_a speech_n have_v be_v that_o byrchley_n be_v a_o usurer_n or_o that_o he_o be_v executor_n of_o another_o and_o will_v not_o perform_v the_o testament_n and_o upon_o this_o the_o defendant_n have_v say_v these_o word_n upon_o a_o special_a justificatioâ—â—_n as_o aforesaid_a they_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n banister_n and_o banister_n case_v resolve_v that_o if_o i_o call_v a_o heir_n a_o bastard_n a._n a_o action_n will_v lie_v but_o if_o the_o defendant_n pretend_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o bastard_n and_o that_o he_o be_v next_o heir_n there_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v plain_a because_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la or_o the_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o these_o word_n be_v not_o to_o defame_v the_o title_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o only_o to_o justify_v the_o title_n of_o defendant_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o one_o to_o speak_v in_o justification_n of_o his_o own_o title_n though_o he_o do_v thereby_o seem_v to_o slander_v the_o title_n of_o another_o man_n agree_v with_o this_o case_n be_v gilbert_n gerrard_n case_n cite_v before_o molton_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o clapham_n and_o declare_v how_o that_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n pend_v in_o this_o court_n betwixt_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n bench._n upon_o read_v of_o certain_a affidavid_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o court_n the_o defendant_n say_v open_o in_o presentâ—â—_n &_o auditu_fw-la justiciariorum_n &_o juris_fw-la peritorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n true_a in_o the_o affidavid_n which_o i_o will_v prove_v by_o forty_o witness_n and_o allege_v that_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v malitiose_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o court_n that_o they_o be_v not_o actionable_a because_o as_o they_o be_v usual_a word_n upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n so_o they_o be_v speak_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o defendant_n cause_n and_o this_o case_n be_v liken_v to_o the_o case_n of_o the_o bastard_n immediate_o before_o and_o bartley_n justice_n say_v that_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n main_o considerable_a in_o word_n the_o word_n themselves_o and_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la and_o therefore_o sometime_o though_o the_o word_n themselves_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n yet_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la be_v consider_v they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a as_o in_o this_o case_n now_o as_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v in_o cromwel_n case_n before_o remember_v a._n so_o i_o say_v to_o you_o in_o these_o case_n reader_n you_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o excellent_a point_n of_o learning_n in_o action_n for_o slander_n to_o observe_v the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o they_o and_o how_o this_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o excuse_n of_o the_o defendant_n but_o before_o i_o pass_v this_o a_o reader_n i_o shall_v observe_v unto_o you_o that_o the_o defendant_n in_o these_o case_n may_v take_v the_o general_a issue_n if_o he_o will_v viz._n that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v allege_v and_o so_o give_v in_o evidence_n the_o coherence_n and_o connection_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o they_o and_o have_v they_o special_o find_v if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v necessary_a or_o the_o defendant_n may_v as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v justify_v the_o speak_n of_o other_o word_n and_o traverse_v the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n and_o so_o likewise_o upon_o the_o evidence_n have_v the_o word_n special_o find_v and_o hereupon_o where_o the_o special_a find_n of_o the_o jury_n will_v warrant_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o maintain_v the_o action_n and_o where_o not_o may_v be_v very_o questionable_a and_o worthy_a