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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	wit_n	write_v	writing_n	17	3	8.4846	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09568	A briefe chronicle of the foure principall empyres To witte, of Babilon, Persia, Grecia, and Rome. Wherein, very compendiously, the whole course of histories are conteined. Made by the famous and godly learned man Iohn Sleidan, and englished by Stephan Wythers.; De quatuor summis imperiis. English	Sleidanus, Johannes, 1506-1556.; Wythers, Stephen.	1563 (1563)	STC 19849; ESTC S114630	119,109	230

discribe thys warre of the Persyans Cicero doth call hym the father of Historyes but he sayeth that he was fylled wyth innumerable fables The Lacedemonians beynge displeased wyth this fortifycation of their Citye they for because they colde doe nothing elles dyd onelye grudge there agaynst Synce that tyme bothe they and the other Grecians wyth the Athenians ioynynge together theyr power toke Cypria and the towne of Bizance whych before the Persyans dyd keepe There was then amongest the other Dukes of the Lacedemonians Pausanias who beynge conuicted of treason after hys retourne homeward and beynge fledde to a certayne place of Freedome he was there constrained to dye for hunger Themistoles beyng accused of the lyke crime dyd flye From that tyme after the Grecians were tourmented with sundry and diuers warres and dissentions partly cyuill and partlye forren the whyche Thucydides doth lyghtlye touche But fynallye fyftye yeares after the departure of Xerxes oute of Grecya Cicero accordynge to Thucydides sayeth that that warre was greatlye enflamed The Peloponnicall Warre against the Athenians at suche tyme as the whole countrye of the Peloponesyans dyd conspyre against the Athenyans of whom Perycles the Discyple of Anaxagoras the Philosopher was principall Captayne in that warre Aristophanes speaketh of hym saying that he in makynge hys oration dyd kyndell set a fyer and bourne Pericles the whole countrye of Grecia For then they were both maysters of vertues and of Eloquence On the other syde Archydamus the Kynge of the Lacedemonians had the pryncipall gouernement Thucydides was the compaynion of Pericles and he sought narrowlye to folow hys doynges whoo also dyd putte thys warre in writting Pericles beynge chosen pretour had for hys Adherante Sophocles a Tragian poet as Cicero dothe declare Let vs nowe retourne vnto Xerxes He hauing so yll handled hys affayres fell into suche a contempte Artaxerxes longhand the 5. Emperour Darius the bastrard the syxte that he was slayne of hys owne men Hys sonne Artaxarxes long hand succeded him towards whome Themistocles of whō we haue spoken a litle before being bannished did returne there finished his life and was buried in Magnesie Darius the Bastarde reigned after longhand whose sister he had in mariage The a boue said warre of the Peloponesians fell duryng his raygne and albeit that the Athenians had alreadye ynough to doe yet neuertheles the fourth yeare of thys warre they sente an armie by Sea vnto Sycilia faynynge to helpe the Leontins agaynst the Saragossens but of trewth it was for nothing els then to assubiecte that I le vnder them the whych yf they dyd they might the better vainquishe all Grecia But as they did often times come and skermishe against them Hermocrates Siracusanus counceiled the Sicilians to agree amongest themselues and to forget all yll will and inimites consydering that the Athenians sought to bring them al to subiection so then he perswaded them in the seuenth yere of this warre Thre yeares after the Athenians and the Peloponesiens made peace for fiftie yeres but it lasted not seuē whole yeres For they beganne to make diuers manful skermishes And albeit that the treatise of peace was not altogether broken and that often tymes the offences were appaised by Truce neuertheles in the tenth yere they dyd put themselues in armes againe fought outrageously with al their strēgth and power and this other warre lasted seuētene yeares Then the Athenians dyd agayne send a nauie verye well appointed vnto Sicilia The chiefe captaines amongest the residue were Alcibiades and Nicias Alcibiades Nicias of whom the last to wite Nicias did by certaine orations greatly disswade the people from that sayling against the will of Alcibiades The Peloponesians dyd giue succour to the Sicilians at length the Athenians ioyned battayle wyth the enemyes in the heauen of Sarrogosa The ouerthrowe of the Athenians in Sicilia but after diuers varieties and sondrie changes of fortune they were al ouerthrowē and slayne As this was doing the Lacedemonians with their Confederats dyd ioyne themselues in league with Darius the King of the Persians against the Athenians Tissaphernes was the Embassadour of Darius Moreouer after Codrus Polydore the Lacedemonian and Aristomenes of Messene these that folow of whome some of them did diuers notable actes in the defence of the whole countrey of Grecia other some also in the defence of theyr owne natiue countrey are commonly numbred amongest the principall and most notable Captaines of the Grecians The excellent captens of Grecia To witte Miltiades Leonidas Themistocles Pericles Aristides Pausanias Xantippus Leotychidas Cimon Conon Epaminondas Leosthenes Aratus of Clarentia Philopemen Diuers of these were exiled and banished Cicero doth describe the hauen of Sarrogosa and he sayeth that it was neuer heard of that euer any nauie by sea dyd enter therein by force of armes except that of the Athenians whiche was to the number of thre hundred shyppes and was destroyed in the same hauen by the nature of the same place and hauen which was the cause that euen then firste of all the strength and power of the towne were ouerthrowen and broken down so that theyr noblenesse empyre and glory peryshed in the sea Thucydides sayth that Sicilia is in compasse as much as a great shyppe can saile round about in .viii. dayes and that it is twenty furlonges distant from sure and firme grounde Artaxarxes the. 7. Darius had two sonnes Artaxerxes Mnemon and Cyrus of whome the first succeded hys father after hys death Cyrus had to hys dominion and gouernment Ionia and Lydia But he not content with that which he kept he made warre agaynst the kyng his brother wherin he had the ouerthrow and was slayne Marcus Portius Cato doeth call this latter Cyrus king of Persia and as it is written in Cicero excellent both in witte and in noblenes of Empyre and folowyng also Xenophons wrytyng he praiseth him for the care and diligence that he toke in husbandrye For Xenophon put hymself in armes for hym and he was his very familier which was cause that afterwards the Atheniās whose frend Mnemon was did banyshe hym the countrey Ochus raigned after Mnemon who was the last of Darius thre sonnes Ochus 8. Darius 9. and the last Darius the last folowed hym agaynst whome Alexander the sonne of Philippe kynge of the Macedonians made warre beyng come by force of armes into Asia after he had taken the towne of Thebes and pacified Grecia He wanne thre battayles of Darius in such sort that he drew so nere that he toke his mother and his wife and his chyldren Darius truely dyd offer hym faire offers yea a part of his Empyre euen vnto the ryuer of Euphrates But alexander did reiect them and cessed not tyll he had altogether vanquished hym The victories of Alexander agaīst Darius For Darius seyng that it was not possible for hym to obteyne peace vnder these conditions he dyd gather a most myghty armye for to

excellēcie of captaines did greatly enlarge her dominiō Cicero writeth that P. Scipio after the takinge of Carthage did render vnto the Sicilians the Images and ornaments that the Carthagians had take from them aforetime and did render vnder the Agrigentins that renoumed bul which is said to haue bene within the tyrante Phalaris denne wherin he vsed to shut vp lyue men for to bourne them with fier which he did kindell in the toppe therof This Phalaris was not killed by craftye snares or intrapmentes as diuers other tyrantes were but all the Agrigentins on a heape did caste themselues vpon him to slay him Cicero nameth the country of Affrike The warre of the Romaines against the Acheans the bulwarke and fortresse of all the prouinces About that time the Romains stirred vp warre against the Acheans a certaine people of Grecia because that they had violated outraged theyr Embassadours The head of this armie was the Consul L. Mummius who also wāne the victorie in such sort that al Achaia dyd yeld vnto him The destruction of Corinthius And by the wyll of the Senate he brunte Corinthus the principall and chiefest Citie of all Grecia as sayth Cicero he did vtterly beate it downe to the ground to take away all feare of euer buylding or reestablishing it againe Mummius was for the gettynge of thys vyctorye surnamed Achaicus Warre a gainst Viriatus In that time also one named Viriatus did vsurpe the kingdome of Portingall who frō a shepharde was become a hunter from a hunter to a theyfe and fynally a conductour of a myghty armye He dyd fyghte for the space of certayne yeares agaynst the Romaynes and often tymes to hys owne aduantage But at the last he was slain by treason By thys meanes the Consul Decius Iunius Brutus dyd vanquishe all portingall euen vnto the Ocean sea The war of Numance In the meane time during these troubles the Romains had receiued a great ouerthrow of thē of Numance in Spaine And therfore because other wise it shuld be greatly ignominius vnto thē they mynded not to keepe the traitye of peace whyche was made by Mancinus Consull but dyd agayne electe oute of order Publius Scipio Aemylianus Aphricanus to be Consul and gaue vnto hym the charge and conductyon of the warre He went forth with an armie and finding there the souldiours very nice and vnpatient of labour he accustomed them vnto a more sure discipline and euen straight out of hande he beseiged the Cytye round about And finally he toke it and destroyed it fourtene yeres after the destructiō of Carthage and in the DCXXII yeare of the foundation of Rome Cicero doth call Carthage and Numance the two terrors of the Romain Empire In that time rose the tumult of bondmen in Sicilia The warre of bondmē and slaues who fynally could scarse be vanquished by the Consull C. Fuluius yea albeit that he had raised vppe a great armie Shortly after the Romaines had warre in Asya againste Aristonicus For Attalus king of Pergame had appointed and ordained by hys testament the Romaines for his inheritour But Aristonicus his kinsman possessing that part of Asia did beguile the Romaines of the will of the testament The Consul M. Perpenna dyd defye hym and toke him captiue The yere folowing which was the sixe hundreth twenty and fyftye yeres of the age of the City P. Scipio Aphricanus lying in his house The death of P. Scipio Aphricanus was smothered in the night euen of his nerest kinsfolks as it is thought Cicero doth praise him for his singular eloquence loyaltie and wisdome He writeth that there was no information at all made of his death albeit that the whole Citie was greatly sory therefore and sayth moreouer that the very same yere the sunne did shewe her self double So by this meanes he who was most noblest excellenst of the captaynes of warre died at the age of sixe fiftie yeres Cicero faineth in a certaine litle Booke that Aphricanus the first of that name dyd foreshewe hym this mishape In thys tyme lyued Lucilius Terentius Pacunius Accius Licinius Cecilius and Afranius C. Lelius the very welbeloued of Aphricanus doth call Pacunius hys frend and Terence his familier These thinges being ended Fabius Maximus Consul wanne a great battaile against the Sauoisiens Auuergnats and them of Rhodez who are all Gaulles The two Grackes In the same time also C. Gracchus Tribune of the people an eloquent man and defender of the law appertaining to the deuiding of landes was killed at Rome twelue yeres after that Tiberius Graccus his brother had ben slayne for the selfe same matter Cicero doth praise thē both for their eloquence But as for Tiberius orations he iudgeth them not to be greatly fyne in words but sufficientlye subtill and full of wisedome As concerninge his brother Caius he is of opinion that his doings ought to be read but especially of the youth for because that he cannot onely sharppen but also nourishe and increase the wytte and for this cause he calleth him the most ingenious and eloquenest amongest the Romaines Gracchus dreame Gracchus had afore dreamed that his brother Tiberius did aduertise him that he should dye the same death that he dyed and Cicero sayeth that before that he was chosen Tribune of the people he declared this vnto diuers Their lawes are yet founde as of wheate of bringynge certayne citizens oute of Rome to place them els where of the profite of souldiours of the administration of prouinces of the voice of the people of letting out to hire the lands of Attalus of Asia The warre of the Romaines against Iugurtha king of Numidie folowed these perturbations of Tribunes This warre was enterprised by L. Calphurnius Bestia The warre against Iugurtha Consull after wards continued by P. Cecilius Metellus and fynally brought to an end by the Consull C. Marius who afore time had bene a warrefare vnder P. Scipio Bacchus king of Mauritanie compainion of Iugurtha was causor of the fynishing of this warre For he seing himselfe ouerthrowen in battayle and myndynge not to hazarde hymselfe any more he delyuered Iugurtha prisonner vnto Silla who for that purpose was sent of Marius At that time to witte syxe hundreth eyght and fourtye yeares of the age of the Citye M. Tullius Cicero was borne The byrth of Cicero which was eyghte yeares after the byrth of Q. Hortensius a notable Oratour Durynge the warre of Iugurtha an Infynite number of hygh and lowe Almains dyd enter by violence partlye into Italye and partly into Gallia who after that they had made a great slaughter of the Romains and had ouerthrowen in feild somtimes Proconsulls other times lieutenātes finally they were al vanquished ouercome by C. Marius Tētones Chimbres ouerthrowē by Marius who was foure tymes Cōsul The hygh Almains were ouerthrowen at Aix in prouince and the lowe at the inner borders of Lombardie This lucke was folowed