cap. 30. having the bark in part pulled off finely streaked with white and green in the places where they used to drink especially at the time they engendred that the representation apprehended in the conception should be presently impressed in the young for the force of imagination hath so much power over the infant that it sets upon it the notes or characters of the thing conceived We have read in Heliodorus that Persia Queen of Aethiopia by her husband Hidustes being also an Ethiope had a daughter of a white complexion because in the embraces of her husband by which she proved with childe she earnestly fixed her eye and minde upon the picture of then fair Andromeda standing opposite to her Damascene reports that he saw a maid hairy like a Bear which had that deformity by no other cause or occasion then that her mother earnestly beheld in the very instant of receiving and conceiving the seed the image of S. John covered with a Camels skin hanging upon the posts of the bed They say Hippocrates by this explication of the causes freed a certain noble woman from suspition of adultery who being white her self and her husband also white brought forth a childe as black as an Ethiopian because in copulation she strongly and continually had in her minde the picture of the Ethiope The effigies of a maid all hairy and an infant that was black by the imagination of their Parents There are some who think the infant once formed in the womb which is done at the utmost within two and forty dayes after the conception is in no danger of the mothers imagination neither of the seed of the father which is cast into the womb because when it hath got a perfect figure it cannot be altered with any external form of things which whether it be true or no is not here to be inquired of truly I think it best to keep the woman all the time she goeth with childe from the sight of such shapes and figures In Stequer a village of Saxony they say a monster was born with four feet eyes mouth and nose like a calf with a round and red excrescence of flesh on the forehead and also a piece of flesh like a hood hung from his neck upon his back and it was deformed with its thighs torn and cut The effigies of a horrid Monster having feet hands and other parts like a Calf The effigies of an infant with a face like a Frog Anno Dom. 1517. in the parish of Kings-wood in the forrest Biera in the way to Fonteau-Bleau there was a monster born with the face of a Frog being seen by John Bellanger Chirurgian to the Kings Engineers before the Justices of the town of Harmony principally John Bribon the Kings procurator in that place The fathers name was Amadaeus the Little his mothers Magdalene Sarbucata who troubled with a fever by a womans perswasion held a quick frog in her hand until it died she came thus to bed with her husband and conceived Bellanger a man of an acute wit thought this was the cause of the monstrous deformity of the childe CHAP. VIII Of Monsters caused by the straitness of the womb That the straitness or littleness of the womb may be the occasion of monsters WE are constrained to confess by the event of things that monsters are bred and caused by the straitness of the womb for so apples growing upon the trees if before they come to just ripeness they be put into strait vessels their growth is hindred So some whelps which women take delight in are hindred from any further growth by the littleness of the place in which they are kept Who knows not that the plants growing in the earth are hindred from a longer progress and propagation of their roots by the opposition of a flint or any other solid body and therefore in such places are crooked slender and weak but on the other part where they have free nourishment to be strait and strong for seeing that by the opinion of Naturalists the place is the form of the thing placed it is necessary that those things that are shut up in straiter spaces prohibited of free motion should be lessened depraved and lamed Empedocles and Diphilus acknowledged three causes of monstrous births The too great or small matter of the feed the corruption of the seed and depravation of growth by the straitness or figure of the womb which they thought the chiefest of all because they thought the cause was such in natural births as in forming of metals and fusible things of which statues being made do less express the things they be made for if the molds or forms into which the matter is poured be rough scabrous too strait or otherwise faulty CHAP. IX Of Monsters caused by the ill placing of the Mother in sitting lying down or any other site of the body in the time of her being with childe WE often too negligently and carelesly corrupt the benefits and corporal endowments of nature in the comliness and dignity of conformation it is a thing to be lamented and pitied in all but especially in women with childe because that fault doth not only hurt the mother but deforms and perverts the infant which is contained in her womb for we moving any manner of way must necessarily move whatsoever is within us Therefore they which fit idlely at home all the time of their being with childe as cross-legged those which holding their heads down do sow or work with the needle or do any other labour which press the belly too hard with cloaths breeches and swathes do produce children wrie-necked stooping crooked and disfigured in their feet hands and the rest of their joints as you may see in the following figure The effigies af a childe who from the first conception by the site of the mother had his hands and feet standing crooked CHAP. X. Of monsters caused by a stroke fall or the like occasion THere is no doubt but if any injury happen to a Woman with childe by reason of a stroke fall from on high or the like occasion the hurt also may extend to the childe Therefore by these occasions the tender bones may be broken wrested strained or depraved after some other monstrous manner and more by the like violence of such things a vein is often opened or broken or a flux of blood or great vomiting is caused by the vehement concussion of the whole body by which means the childe wants nourishment and therefore will be small and little and altogether monstrous CHAP. XI Of Monsters which have their original by reason of hereditary diseases BY the injury of hereditary diseases infants grow monstrous that is monstrously deformed for crookt-backt produce crook-backt and often-times so crooked that between the bunch behinde and before the head lies hid as a Tortoise in her shell so lame produce lame flatnos'd their like dwarfs bring forth dwarfs lean bring forth lean and fat
presently contracted or drawn together ib. Chap. VII Of the generation of the navell Pag. 594 Chap. VIII Of the umbilical vessels or the vessels belonging to the navell ib. Chap. IX Of the ebullition or swelling of the seed in the womb and of the concretion of the bubbles or bladders or the three principal entrals Pag. 595 Chap. X. Of the third bubble or bladder wherein the head and the brain is formed ib. Chap. XI Of the life oâ— soul Pag. 596 Chap. XII Of the natural excrements in general and specially of those that the child oâ— infant being in the womb excludeth Pag. 598 Chap. XIII With what travel the childe is brought into the world and of the cause of this travel Pag. 599 Chap. XIV Of the situation of the infant in the womb Pag. 600 Chap. XV. Which is the legitimate and natural and which the illegitimate or unnatural time of childebirth Pag. 601 Chap. XVI Signs of the birth at hand ib. Chap. XVII What is to be done presently after the childe is borne Pag. 602 Chap. XVIII How to pull away the secundine or after-birth Pag. 604 Chap. XIX What things must be given to the infant by the mouth before he be permitted to suck the teat or dug Pag. 605 Chap. XX. That mothers ought to give suck to their owne children ib. Chap. XXI Of the choise of nurses ib. Chap. XXII What diet the nurse ought to use and in what situation she ought to place the infant in the cradle Pag. 607 Chap. XXIII How to make pap for children Pag. 608 Chap. XXIV Of the weaning of children Pag. 609 Chap. XXV By what signs it may be known whether the child in the womb be dead or alive ib. Chap. XXVI Of the Chirurgical extractions of the childe from the womb either dead or alive Pag. 610 Chap. XXVII What must be done unto the woman in travel presently after her deliverance Pag. 612 Chap. XXVIII What care must be used to the dugs and teats of of those that are brought to bed Pag. 613 Chap. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painful travel in childbirth are Pag. 614 Chap. XXX The cause of abortion or untimely birth Pag. 615 Chap. XXXI How to preserve the infant in the womb when the mother is dead Pag. 616 Chap. XXXII Of superfetation Pag. 617 Chap. XXXIII Of the tumor called Mola or a mole growing in the womb of women Pag. 618 Chap. XXXIV How to discern true conception from a false conception or mola ib. Chap. XXXV What cure must be used to the Mola Pag. 620 Chap. XXXVI Of tumors or swellings happening to the pancreas or sweet-bread and the whole mesentery Pag. 621 Chap. XXXVII Of the cause of barrenn ss in women Pag. 622 Chap. XXXVIII Of the barrenness or unfruitfulness of women Pag. 623 Chap. XXXIX The signs of a distempered womb ib. Chap. XL. Of the failing down or preversion or turning of the womb Pag. 624 Chap. XLI The cure of the falling down of the womb Pag. 625 Chap. XLII Of the tunicle or membrane called hymen Pag. 626 Chap. XLIII A memorable history of the membrane called hymen Pag. 627 Chap. XLIV Of the strangulation of the womb Pag. 628 Chap. XLV The signs of imminent strangulation of the womb Pag. 629 Chap. XLVI How to know whether the woman be dead in the strangulation of the womb or not ib. Chap. XLVII How to know whether the strangulation of the womb comes of the suppression of the flowers or the corruption of the sâ—ed Pag. 630 Chap. XLVIII Of the cure of the strangulation of the womb ib. Chap. XLIX Of womens monthly flux or courses Pag. 632 Chap. L. The causes of womens monthly flux or courses ib. Chap. LI. The causes of the suppression of the courses or menstrual flux Pag. 633 Chap. LII What accidents follow the suppression or stopping of the monthly flux and flowers ib. Chap. LIII Of provoking the flowers or courses Pag. 634 Chap. LIV. Of the signes of the approaching of the menstrual flux Pag. 635 Chap. LV. Accidents follow immoderate fluxes of the flowers or courses ib. Chap. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers and courses Pag. 636 Chap. LVII Of local medicines to be used against the immoderate flowing of the courses ib. Chap. LVIII Of womens fluxes or the whites ib. Chap. LIX Of the causes of the whites Pag. 637 Chap. LX. The cure of the whites ib. Chap. LXI Of the haemorrhoides and warts of the neck of the womb Pag. 638 Chap. LXII Of the cure of the warts that are in the neck of the womb ib. Chap. LXIII Of chaps and those wriâ—kled and hard excrescences which the Greeks call condylomata Pag. 640 Chap. LXIV Of the itching of the womb ib. Chap. LXV Of the relaxation of the great gut or intestine which happeneth to women ib. Chap. LXVI Of the relaxation of the navel in children Pag. 641 Chap. LXVII Of the pain that children have in breeding of teeth Pag. 642 Of Monsters and Prodigies the five and twentieth Book from pag 642. to pag. 688. Of the faculties of simple medicines as also of their composition and use the six and twentieth Book Chap. I. What a medcine is and how it differeth from nourishment Pag. 688 Chap. II. The differences of medicines in their matter and substance ib. Chap. III. The difference of simples in their qualities and effects Pag. 689 Chap. IV. Of the second faculties of medicines Pag. 690 Chap. V. Of the third faculties of medicines Pag. 691 Chap. VI. Of the fourth faculty of medicines ib. Chap. VII Of tastes ib. Chap. VIII Of the preparation of medicines Pag. 693 Chap. IX Of repelling or repercussive medicines Pag. 694 Chap. X Of attractive medicines Pag. 695 Chap. XI Of resolving medicines ib. Chap. XII Of suppuratives Pag. 696 Chap. XIII Of mollifying things ib. Chap. XIV Of detersitives or mundificatives Pag. 697 Chap. XV. Of sarcoticks Pag. 698 Chap. XVI Of epuloticks or skinning medicines Pag. 699 Chap. XVII Of agglutinatives ib. Chap. XVIII Of puroticks or caustick medicines Pag. 700 Chap. X X. Of anodynes or such as mitigate or asswage pain ib. Chap. XX Of the composition and use of medicines Pag. 701 Chap. XXI Of the weight and measures and the notes of both of them Pag. 702 Chap. XXII Of Clvsters ib Chap. XXIII Of suppositories nodules and pessariâ—s Pag. 704 Chap. XXIV Of oils Pag. 705 Chap. XXV Of liniments ib Chap. XXVI Of ointments Pag. 706 Chap. XXVII Of cerats and emplasters Pag. 708 Chap. XXVIII Of cataplasms and pultises Pag. 710 Chap. XXIX Of fomentations Pag. 711 Chap. XXX Of embrocations ib. Chap. XXXI Of epithemes ib. Chap. XXXII Of potential cauteries Pag. 712 Chap. XXXIII Of vesicatories Pag. 713 Chap. XXXIV Of Collyria Pag. 714 Chap. XXXV Of eâ—rhines and sternutatories ib. Chap. XXXVI Of apophlegmatisms or masticatories Pag. 715 Chap. XXXVII Of gargarisms Pag. 716 Chap. XXXVIII Of dentrifices ib. Chap. XXXIX Oâ— baggs or quilts Pag. 717 Chap.
receives for life and nourishment from the adherent parts This membrane is one in number and besides every where one and equal although Galen would have it perforated in that place where the spermatick vessels descend to the Testicles But The number Lib. de sem in truth we must not think that a hole but rather a production as we said before The later Anatomists have observed the Coat Peritonaeum is doubled below the Navel and that by the spaces of these reduplications the umbilical arteries ascend to the Navel It is situate near the natural parts and compasses them about and joyned by the coat The site and connexion which it gives them as also on the sides it is joined to the vertebra's of the loins from whose Ligaments or rather Periosteum it takes the original On the lower part it cleaves to the share-bone and on the upper to the Midriff whose lower part it wholly invests on the fore or outer part it sticks so close to the transverse muscles that it cannot be pluckt from them but by force by reason of the complication and adhaesion of the fibers thereof with the fibers of the proper membrane of these muscles which membrane in Galen's opinion proceeds from this Peritonaeum Lib. 6. Meth. so that it is no marvail that we may more easily break than separate these two coats It is of temperature cold and dry as all other membranes Use It hath many uses the first whereof is to invest and cover all the parts of the lower belly specially the Kall lest it should be squeezed by great compressures and violent attempts into the empty spaces of the muscles as it sometimes happens in the wounds of the Epigastrium unless the lips of the Ulcer be very well united for then appears a tumor about the wound by the Guts and Kall thrusting without the Peritonaeum into those spaces of the muscles from whence proceeds cruel pain Another use is to the further casting forth of the excrements by pressing the ventricle and guts on the foreside as the Midriff doth above as one should do it by both his hands joyned together The third use is it prohibits the repletion of the parts with flatulency after the expulsion of the excrements by straitning and pressing them down The fourth and last is that it contains all the parts in their seat and binds them to the back-bone principally that they should not fly out of their places by violent motions as by leaping and falling from on high Lastly we must know that the Rim is of that nature that it will easily dilate it self as we see in Dropsies in women with childe and in tumors against nature CHAP. XIII Of the Epiploon Omentum or Zirbus that is the Kall AFter the containing parts follow the contained the first of which is the Epiploon The substance magnitude figure or Kall so called because it as it were swims upon all the guts The substance of it is fatty and spermatick the quantity of it for thickness is diverse in divers men according to their temperament The latitude of it is described by the quantity of the guts It is in figure like a purse The composure because it 's double It is composed of veins arteries fat and a membrane which sliding down from the gibbous part of the ventricle and the flat part of the gut Duodenum and Spleen over the Guts The connexion is turned back from the lower belly to the top of the Colon. It is one as we said covering the Guts It hath its chief connexion with the first Vertebra's of the Loins from which place in Beasts it seems to take a Coat as in men from the hollow part of the Spleen and gibbous of the ventricle Lib. Anatom administ The temper The use twofolds and depressed part of the Duodenum from whence doubled it is terminated in the fore and higher part of the Colick-gut Which moved Galen to write that the upper part of the membrane of the Kall was annexed to the Ventricle but the lower to the laxer part of the Colick-gut From the Vessels of which parts it borrows his as also the Nerves if it have any The temper of it in lean bodies is cold and dry because their Kall is without far but in fat bodies it is cold and moist by reason of the fat The use of it is twofold The first is to heat and moisten the Guts and help their concoction although it do it by accident as that which through the density of the fat hinders the cold air from piercing in and also forbids the dissipation of the internal heat Another use is that in want of nourishment in times of great famin sometimes it cherishes Lib. 4. de usu partium and as it were by its dew preserves the innate heat both of the Ventricle and neighbouring parts as it is written by Galen Moreover we must observe that in a rupture or relaxation of the Peritonaeum the Kall falls down into the Scrotum from whence comes that rupture we call Epiplocele A cause of frustrating conception But in women that are somewhat more fat it thrusts it self between the bladder and the neck of the womb and by its compression hinders that the seed comes not with full force into the womb and so frustrates the conception Besides when by a wound or some other chance any part of it be defective then that part of the Belly which answers to it will afterwards remain cold and raw by reason of the fore-mentioned causes The second figure of the lower Belly AA BB. The inner part of the Peritonaeum cutt into four parts and so turned backward B. The upper B sheweth the implantation of the Umbilical vein into the Liver C. The Navel separated from the Peritonaeum From D to the upper B the Umbilical veins E E. The forepart of the stomach blown up neither covered by the Liver nor Kall F F. A part of the Gibbous side of the Liver G. Vessels disseminated through the Peritonaeum * The Brest blade H. The â—otttom of the Bladder of urine I. The connexion of the Peritonaeum to the bottom of the Bladder K K K K. The Kall covering the Guts M N. Vessels and sinews embracing the bottom of the stomach O. The meeting of the Vessels of both sides so that M N and O shew the seam which Aristotle mentions 3. Hist 4. de part Anim. where he saith That the Kall arises and proceeds from the midst of the belly P P. Branches of Vessels running alongst the bottom of the stomach QQQQ Certain branches of the Vessels distributed to the upper membrane of the Omentum and compassed with fat a a The two Umbilical arteries going down by the sides of the bladder to a branch of the great artery b. The Ligament of the Bladder which is shewed for the Urachus CHAP. XIII Of the Ventricle or Stomach What the ventricle is The substance
left side c. the left ureter inserted into the bladder neer to r. dd the spermatick vein which goeth to the left testicle marked with i. ee the spermatick vein which goeth to the left testicle with i also f. the trunk of the great artery from whence the spermatical arteries do proceed gh the spermatical arteries ii the two testicles ll a branch which from the spermatick vessels reacheth unto the bottom of the womb mm. the leading vessel of the Seed which Fallopius calleth the tuba or trumpet because it is crooked and reflected n. a branch of the spermatick vessel compassing the leading vessel oo a vessel like a worm which passeth to the womb some call it Cremaster p. the bottom of the womb called fundus uteri b. a part of the right gut r. s the bottom of the bladder whereto is inserted the left Ureter and a vein led from the neck of the wome neer unto r. t. the neck of the bladder u. the same inserted into the privity or lap x. a part of the neck of the womb above the privity yy certain skinny Caruncles of the Privities in the midst of which is the slit and on both sides appear little hillocks The Figures belonging to the Dugs and Breasts αα The veins of the Dugs which come from those which descending from the top of the shoulder are offered to the skin β. the veins of the Dugs derived from those which through the arm-hole are led into the hand γ. the body of the Dug or Breast δδ the kernels and fat between them εε the vessels of the Dugs descending from the lower part of the neck called Jugulum under the breast-bone It hath a middle temper between hot and cold moist and dry It hath the same use as a mans Praeputium or fore-skin that is that together with the Nymphae it may hinder the emeance of the air by which the womb may be in danger to take cold The lips of the Privities called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Alae contain all that region which is invested with hairs Alae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and because we have faln into mention of these Nymphae you must know that they are as it were productions of the musculous skin which descend on both sides from the upper part of the share-bone downwards even to the orifice of the neck of the bladder oft-times growing to so great a bigness that they will stand out like a man's yard Wherefore in some they must be cut off in their young years yet with a great deal of caution lest if they be cut too rashly so great an effusion of blood may follow that it may cause either death to the woman or barrenness of the womb by reason of the refrigeration by the too great effusion of blood The latter Anatomists as Columbus and Fallopius besides these parts have made mention of another Particle which stands forth in the upper part of the Privities and also of the urinary passage which joyns together those wings we formerly mentioned Cleitoris tentigo Columbus calls it Tentigo Fallopius Cleitoris whence proceeds that infamous word Cleitorizein which signifies impudently to handle that part But because it is an obscene part let those which desire to know more of it read the Authors which I cited CHAP. XXXV Of the Coats containing the Infant in the womb and of the Navel THe membranes or coats containing the Infant in the womb of the Mother are of a spermatick and nervous substance Their substance magnitude figure and composure having their matter from the seed of the Mother But they are nervous that so they may be the more easily extended as it shall be necessary for the child They are of good length and bredth especially near the time of deliverance they are round in figure like the womb Their composition is of veins arteries and their proper substance The veins and arteries are distributed to them whether obscurely or manifestly more or fewer from the womb by the Cotyledones which have the same office as long as the child is contained in the womb as the nipples or paps of the nurses after it is born For thus the womb brings the Cotyledones or veins degenerating into them through the coats like certain paps to the Infant shut up in them These coats are three in number according to Galen one called the Chorion Secundine or After-birth The number the other Allantoides the third Amnios I find this number of coats in Beasts but not in Women unless peradventure any will reckon up in the number of the coats the Cotyledones swollen up and grown into a fleshy mass which many skilful in Anatomy do write which opinion notwithstanding we cannot receive as true I could never in any place find the Allantoides in Women with child neither in the Infant born in the sixth seventh eight or in the full time being the ninth month although I sought it with all possible diligence the Midwives being set apart which might have violated some of the coats But thus I went about this business I divided the dead body of the Mother croswise upon the region of the womb and taking away all impediments which might either hinder or obscure our diligence with as much dexterity as was possible we did not only draw away that receptacle or den of the Infant from the inward surface of the womb to which it stuck by the Cotyledones but we also took away the first membrane which we called Chorion from that which lies next under it called Amnios without any rending or tearing for thus we poured forth no moisture whereby it might be said that any coat made for the containing of that humor was rent or torn And then we diligently looked having many witnesses and spectators present if in any place there did appear any distinction of these two membranes the Allantoides and Amnios for the separating the contained humors and for other uses which they mention But when we could perceive no such thing we took the Amnios filled with moisture on the upper side and having opened it two servants holding the apertion that no moisture might flow out of it into the circumference of the Chorion or Womb then presently with spunges we drew out by little and little all the humidity contained in it the Infant yet contained in it which was fit to come forth that so the coat Amnios being freed of this moisture we might see whether there were any other humor contained in any other coat besides But having done this with singular diligence and fidelity we could we see no other humor nor no other separation of the membranes besides He shews by three several reasons that there is no Allantoides So that from that time I have confidently held this opinion that the Infant in the womb is only wrapped in two coats the Chorion and Amnios But yet not satisfied by this experience that I might yet
being fastned so stiffly to the roots thereof that it cannot be turned up nor drawn down or over the Glans The first manner of constriction is termed Phimosis the later Paraphimosis The causes The Phimosis happens either by the fault of the first conformation or else by a scar through which occasion the Prepuce hath grown lesser as by the growing of warts Now Paraphimosis is often occasioned by the inflammation of the yard by impure copulation for hence ulcers breed between the Prepuce and Glans with swelling and so great inflammation that the prepuce cannot be turned back The cure Whence it is that they cannot be handled and cured as you would and a gangrene of the part may follow which may by the contagion bring death to all the body unless it be hindred and prevented by amputation but if a scar be the cause of the constriction of the prepuce the patient being placed in a convenient site let the prepuce be drawn forth and extended and as much as may be stretched and enlarged then let the scar be gently cut in three or four places on the inner side with a crooked knife but so that the gashes come not to the outside and let them be an equal distance each from other But if a fleshly excrescence or a wart shall be the occasion of this straitness and constriction it shall be consumed by the same remedies by which the warts of the womb and yard are consumed or taken off But when as the prepuce doth closely adhere to the Glans on every side the cure is not to be hoped for much less to be attempted CHAP. XXXIII Of those whose Glans is not rightly perforated and of the too short or strait ligament bridle or cord of the Yard SOme at their birth by evil conformation The cause have not their Glans perforated in the middle but have only a small hole underneath toward the bridle and ligament of the yard called the cord Which is the cause that they do not make water in a strait line unless they turn up their yard toward their belly neither by the same reason can they beget children because through this fault of conformation the seed is hindred from being cast directly into the womb The cure is wholly chirurgical and is thus performed The prepuce is taken hold of and extended with the left hand but with the right hand The cure the extremity thereof with the end of the Glans is cut even to that hole which is underneath But such as have the bridle or ligament of the yard too short so that the yard cannot stand straight but crooked and as it were turned downwards in these also the generation of children is hindred because the seed cannot be cast directly and plentifully into the womb Therefore this ligament must be cut with much dexterity and the wound cured after the manner of other wounds having regard to the part Children also are sometimes born into the world with their fundaments unperforated Such as are born without a hole in their fundament are not long-lived for a skin preternaturally covering the part hinders the passage forth of the excrement those must have a passage made by art with an instrument for so at length the excrements will come forth yet I have found by experience that such children are not naturally long-lived neither to live many dayes after such section CHAP. XXXIV Of the causes of the Stone THe Stones which are in the bladder have for the most part had their first original in the reins or kidnies to wit Why children are subject to the stone in the bladder falling down from thence by the ureters into the bladder The cause of these is twofold that is material and efficient Gross tough and viscid humors which crudities produce by the distempers of the bowels and immoderate exercises chiefly and immediately after meat yield matter for the stone whence it is that children are more subject to this disease than those of other ages The cause But the efficient cause is either the immoderate heat of the kidnies by means whereof the subtiler part of the humors is resolved but the grosser and more earthly subsides and is hardned as we see bricks hardned by the sun and fire or the more remiss heat of the bladder sufficient to bake into a stone the faeces or dregs of the urine gathered in great plenty in the capacity of the bladder The straightness of the ureters and urinary passage may be accounted as an assistant cause For by this means the thinner portion of the urine floweth forth but that which is more feculent and muddy being stayed behinde groweth as by scale upon scale by addition and collection of new matter into a stony mass And as a wick oftentimes dipped by the Chandler into melted tallow by the copious adhesion of the tallowy substance presently becomes a large Candle so the more gross and viscid faeces of the urine â—â—ay as it were at the bars of the gathered gravel and by their continual appulse are at length wrought and fashioned into a true stone CHAP. XXXV Of the signs of the Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder Why the thigh is numm in the stone of the reins THe signs of the Stone in the Reins are the subsiding of red or yellow sand in the urine a certain obscure itching at the kidnies and the sense of a weight or heaviness at the loins a sharp and pricking pain in moving or bending the body a numness of the thigh of the same side Signs of the stone in the bladder by reason of the compression caused by the stone of the nerves descending out of the vertebrae of the loins of the thigh But when the stone is in the bladder the fundament and whole perinaeum is pressed as it were with a heavy weight especially if the stone be of any bigness a troublesom and pricking pain runs to the very end of the yard and there is a continual itching of that part with a desire to scratch it hence also by the pain and heat there is a tension of the yard and a frequent and needless desire to make water and sometimes their urine cometh from them drop by drop A most grievous pain torments the patient in making water which he is forced to shew by stamping with his feet Why such as have a stone in the bladder are troubled with the falling of the fundament bending of his whole body and the grating of his teeth He is oft-times so tormented with excess of pain that the Sphincter being relaxed the right gut falleth down accompanied with the swelling heat and pain of the Hemorhoid veins of that place The cause of such torment is the frequent striving of the bladder to expell the stone wholly contrary to the nature thereof whereto by sympathy the expulsive faculty of the guts and all the parts of the belly come as it were for
conformation must be speedily amended as it often happeneth For if any such cover or stop the orifices of the ears nostrils mouth yard or womb it must be cut in sunder by the Chirurgian and the passage must be kept open by putting in of tents pessaries or dosels left otherwise they should joyn together again after they are cut If he have one finger more then he should naturally if his fingers do cleave close together like unto the feet of a Goose or Duck if the ligamental membrane that is under the tongue be more short and stiffer then it ought that the infant cannot suck nor in time to come speak by reason thereof and if there be any other thing contrary to nature it must be all amended by the industry of some expert Chirurgian Many times in children newly born there sticketh on the inner side of their mouth and on their tongue a certain chalky substance both in colour and in consistence this affect proceeding from the distemperature of the mouth the French-men call it the white Cancer Remedies for the Cancer in a childes mouth It will not permit the infant to suck and will shortly breed and degenerate into ulcers that will creep into the jawes and even unto the throat and unless it be cleansed speedily will be their death For remedy whereof it must be cleansed by Detersives as with a linnen cloth bound to a little stick and dippped in a medicine of an indifferent consistence made with oil or sweet almonds hony and sugar For by rubbing this gently on it the filth may be mollified and so cleansed or washed away Moreover it will be very meet and convenient to give the infant one spoonful of oil of almonds to make his belly loose and slippery to asswage the roughness of the weason and gul let and to dissolve the tough phlegm which causeth a cough and sometimes difficulty of breathing If the eye-lids cleave together or if they be joyned together or agglutinated to the coats cornea or adnata if the watery tumor called hydroccephalos affect the head then must they be cured by the proper remedies formerly prescribed against each disease Many from their birth have spots or markes which the common people of France call Signes that is marks or signs Some of these are plain and equal with the skin others are raised up in little tumors and like unto warts some have hairs upon them many times they are smooth black or pale yet for the most part red When they rise in the face they spread abroad thereon many times with great deformity Many think the cause thereof to be a certain portion of menstrual matter cleaving to the sides of the womb comming of a fresh flux if happily a man do yet use copulation with the woman or else distilling out of the veins into the womb mixed concorporated with the seeds at that time when they are congealed infecting this or that part of the issue being drawn out of the seminal body with their own colour Women referr the cause thereof unto their longing when they are with childe which may imprint the image of the thing they long for or desire in the childe or issue that is not as yet formed as the force and power of imagination in humane bodies is very great but when the childe is formed no imagination is able to leave the impression of any thing in it no more then it could cause horns to grow on the head of King Chypus as he slept presently after he was returned from attentively beholding Bulls fighting together Some of those spots be cureable others not as those that are great An old fable of King Chypus and those that are on the lips nostrils and eye-lids But those that are like unto warts because they are partakers of a certain malign quality and melancholick matter which may be irritated by endeavouring to cure them are not to be medled with at all for being troubled and angered Which uncureable Which and how they are cureable they soon turn into a Cancer which they call Noli me taugere Those that are curable are small and in such parts as they may be dealt withall without danger Therefore they must be pierced through by the roots with a needle and a thread and so being lifted up by the ends of the thread they most be cut away and the wound that remaineth must be cured according to the general method of wounds There are some that suppose the red spots that are raised up into little knobs and bunches may be washed away and consumed by rubbing and annointing them often with menstrual blood or the blood of the secundine or after-birth Those that are hairy and somewhat raised up like unto a Want oâ— Mouse must be pierced through the roots in three or four places and straitly bound so that at length being destitute of life and nutriment they may fall away after they are faln away the ulcer that remaineth must be cured as other ulcers are If thereby any superfluous flesh remain it must be taken away by applying Aegyptiacum or the powder of Mercury and such like but if it be doubted that it commeth from the root of the tumor that may haply remain it must be burned away by the root with oyl of vitriol or aqua fortis There is also another kinde or sort of spots of a livid or violet-colour comming especially in the face about the lips with a soft slack lax thin and unpainful tumor and the veins as if they were varicous round about it This kinde of tumor groweth greater when it ariseth on children that are wayward and crying and in men of riper years that are cholerick and angry and then it will be of a diverse colour like unto a lapper or flap of flesh that hangeth over the Turky-cocks bill When they have done crying or ceased their anger the tumor wil return to his own natural colour again But you must not attempt to cure it in people that are of these conditions CHAP. XVIII How to pull away the secundine or after-birth Why it is called the secundine I Suppose that they are called secundines because they do give the woman that is with châ—lde the second time as it were a second birth for if there be several children in the womb at once and of different sexes they then have every one their several secundines which thing is very necessary to be known by all Midwives For they do many times remain behinde in the womb when the childe is born The causes of the stâ—ying of the secundines either by reason of the weakness of the woman in travail which by contending and laboâ—ing for the birth of the childe hath spent all her strength or else by a tumor rising suddenly in the neck of the womb by reason of the long and difficult birth and the cold air unadvisedly permitted to strike into the orifice of the womb For so the liberties of
is done for the most part within twenty dales after the birth if the woman be not in danger of a fever nor have any other accident let her enter into a bath made of marjerom mint sage rosemary mugwort agrimony penniroyal the flowrs of camomil melilote dill being boiled in most pure and clear running water All the day following let another such like bath be prepared whereunto let these things following be added â„ž farin fabarum aven an lb iii. farin orobi lupinor gland an lb i. aluminis râ—ch â„¥ iv salis com lb ii gallarum nucum cupressiâ— an â„¥ iii. rosar rub m. vi caryophyl nucum moschat an Ê’iii boil them all in common water then sew them all in a clean linnen cloth as is were in a bag and cast them therein into the bath wherein Iron red hot hath been extinguished and let the woman that hath lately travailed sit down therein so long as she pleaseth and when she commeth out let her be laid warm in bed and let her take some preserved Orange-pill or bread toasted and dipped in Hippocras or in wine brewed with spices and then let her sweat if the sweat will come forth of its own accord A stringent so mentations for the privy parts On the next day let astringent fomentations be applied to the genitals on this wise prepared â„ž gallar nucum cupressi corticum granat an â„¥ i. rosar rub m. i. thymi majotan an m. ss alaminis rochae salis com an Ê’ii boil them all together in red wine and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation A distilled liquor for to draw together the dugs that are loose and slack for the fore-named use The distilled liquor following is very excellent and effectual to confirm and to draw in the dugs or any other loose parts â„ž caryophil nucis moschat nucum cupressi an â„¥ iss mastich â„¥ ii alumin. rech â„¥ iss glandium corticis querni an lb ss rosar rubr m. i. cort granat â„¥ ii terrae sigillat â„¥ i. cornn cervi usti â„¥ ss myrtillor sanguinis dracon an â„¥ i. boli amini â„¥ ii ireos florent â„¥ i. sumach berber Hippuris an m. ss conquassentur omnia macerentur spatio duorum dierum in lb. F. aquae rosarum lb.ii. prunorum syvestr mespilerum pomorum quernorum lb. ss aquae fabrorum aceti denique fortiss â„¥ iv afterward distill it over a gentle fire and keep the distilled liquor for your use wherewith let the parts be fomented twice in a day And after the fomentation let wollen cloaths or stupes of linnen cloth be dipped in the liquor and then pressed out and laid to the place When all these things are done and past the woman may again keep company with her husband CHAP. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painful travail in childe-birth are The causes of the difficult childe-birth that are in the woman that travaileth THe fault dependeth sometimes on the mother and sometimes on the infant or child within the womb On the mother if she be more fat if she be given to gormanoize or great eating if she be too lean or young as Savanarola thinketh her to be that is great with childe at nine years of age or unexpert or more old or weaker then she should be either by nature or by some accident as by diseases that she hath had a little before the time of childe-birth or with a great flux of blood But those that fall in travail before the full and prefixed time are very difficult to deliver because the fruit is yet unripe and not ready or easie to be delivered If the neck or orifice of the womb be narrow either from the first conformation or afterwards by some chance as by an ulcer cicatrized or more hard and callous by reason that it hath been torn before at the birth of some other childe and so cicatrized again so that if the cicatrized place be not cut even in the moment of the deliverance both the childe and the mother will be in danger of death also the rude handling of the midwife may hinder the free deliverance of the childe The passions of the minde binder the birth Oftentimes women are letted in travail by shamefac'tness by reason of the presence of some man or hate to some woman there present If the secundine be pulled away sooner then it is necessary it may cause a great flux of blood to fill the womb so that then it cannot perform his exclusive faculty no otherwise then the bladder when it is distended by reason of over-abundance of water that is therein cannot cast it forth so that there is a stoppage of the urine But the womb is much rather hindred or the faculty of childe-birth is stopped or delayed if together with the stopping of the secundine there be either a Mole or some other body contrary to nature in the womb In the secundines of two women whom I delivered of two children that were dead in their bodies I found a great quantity of sird like unto that which is found about the banks of rivers so that the gravel or sand that was in each secundine was a full pound in weight Also the infant may be the occasion of difficult childe-birth as if too big The causes of d fficult child-birth thâ—t are in the infant if it come overthwart if it come with its face upwards and its buttocks forwards if it come with its feet and hands both forwards at once it it be dead and swoun by reason of corruption if it be monstrous if it have two bodies or two heads if it be manifold or seven-fold as Allucrasis affirmeth he hath seen if there be a mole annexed thereto if it be very weak if when the waters are stowed out it doth not move nor stir or offer its self to come forth Yet notwithstanding it happeneth sometimes that the fault is neither in the mother nor the childe but in the air which being cold The exâ—ernal causes of difficult childe-birth doth so binde congeal and make stiff the genital parts that they cannot be relaxed or being contrariwise too hot it weakneth the woman that is in travail by reason that it wasteth the spirits wherein all the strength consisteth or in the ignorant or unexpert midwife who cannot artificially rule and govern the endeavors of the woman in travail The birth is wont to be easie if it be in the due and prefixed natural time Which is an easie birth What causeth easiness of child-birth if the childe offer himself lustily to come forth with his head forwards presently after the waters are come forth and the mother in like manner luâ—ty and strong those which are wont to be troubled with very difficult childe-birth ought a little before the time of the birth to go into an half-tub filled with the decoction of mollifying roots and seeds to have their genitals womb and neck thereof to be annointed with
much oyl and the in testines that are full and loaded must be underburthened of the excrements and then the expulsive faculty provoked with a sharp glyster and the tumors and swelling of the birth concurring therewith the more easie exclusion may be made But I like it rather better that the woman in travail should be placed in a chair that hath the back thereof leaning back-wards then in her bed but the chair must have a hole in the bottom whereby the bones that must be dilated in the birth may have more freedome to close themselves again CHAP. XXX The cause of Abortion or untimely birth ABortion or untimely birth is one thing and effluxion another What Abortion is They call Abbortion the sudden exclusion of the childe already formed and alive before the perfect maturity thereof But that is called effluxion which is the falling down of seeds mixed together and coagulated but for the space of a few dayes only in the formes of membrane or tunicles congealed blood and of an unshapen or deformed piece of flesh What Effluxion is the Midwives of our country call it a false branch or bud This effluxion is the cause of great pain and most bitter and cruel torment to the woman leaving behinde it weakness of body far greater then if the childe were born at the due time The causes of abortion or untimely birth Women are in more pain by reason of th effluxion then at the true birth The causes of Abortion whereof the childe as called an abortive are many as a greatscouring a strangury joined with heat and inflammation sharp fietting of the guts a great and continual cough exceeding vomiting vehement Labour in running leaping and dancing and by a great fall from an high carrying of a great burthen riding on a trotting-horse or in a Coach by vehement often and ardent copulation with men or by a great blow or stroke on the belly For all these and such like vehement and inordinate motions dissolve the ligaments of the womb and so cause abortion and untimely birth Also whatsoever presseth or girdeth in the mothers belly and therewith also the womb that is within it as are those Ivory or Whale-bone buskes which women wear on their bodies thereby to keep down their belsies by these and such like things the childe is letted or hindred from growing to his full strength so that by expression or as it were by compulsion Girding of the belly may cause untimely birth he is often forced to come forth before the legitimate and lawful time Thundering the noise of the shooting of great Ordnance the sound and vehement noise of the ringing of Bells constrain women to fall in travel before their time especially women that are young whose bodies are soft slack and tender then those that be of riper years Long and great fasting a great flux of blood especially when the infant is grown somewhat great but if it be but two moneths old the danger is not so great bacause then he needeth not so great quantity of nourishment also a long disease of the mother which consumeth the blood causeth the childe to come forth being destitute of store of nourishment before the fit time Moreover fulness by reason of the eating great store or meats often maketh or causeth untimely birth because it depraveth the strength and presseth down the childe as likewise the use of meats that are of an evil juice which they lust or long for But baths because they relax the ligaments of the womb and hot houses How bathes and hot houses cause untimely birth for that the fervent and choaking air is received into the body provoke the infait to strive to go forth to take the cold air and so cause abortion What women soever being indifferently well in their bodies travail in the second or third moneth without any manifest cause those have the Cotylidones of their womb full of filth and matter and cannot hold up the infant by reason of the weight thereof but are broken Moreover sudden or continual petrurbations of the minde whether they be through anger or fear Hip apb 53. 37. sect 5. Hip. aph 45. sect 5. may cause women to travail before their time and are accounted to the causes of abortions for that they cause great and vehement trouble in the body Those women that are like to travail before their time their dugs will wax little therefore when a woman is a great with childe if her dugs suddenly was small and slender it is a sign that she will travail before her time the cause of such shrinking of the dags is that the matter of the milke is drawn back into the womb by reason that the infant wanteth nourishment to nourish and succor it withall Which scarcity the infant not long abiding Hip. aph 38. sect 5. striveth to go forth to seek that abroad which he cannot have within for among the causes which do make the infant to come out of the womb those are most usually named with Hippocrates the necessity of a more large nutriment and air Women are in more pain at the untimely birth then at the due time of birth The error of the first childe-birth continues afterwards A plaster staying the infant in the womb Therefore if a woman that is with childe have one of her dugs small if she have two children she is like to travail of one of them before the full and perfect time so that if the right dug be small it is a man-childe but if it be the left dug it is a female Women are in far more pain when they bring forth their children before the time then if it were at the full and due time because that whatsoever is contrary to nature is troublesome painfull and also oftentimes dangerous If there be any error committed at the first time of childe-birth it is commonly seen that it happeneth alwaies after at each time of childe-birth Therefore to finde out the causes of that error you must take the counscel of some Physician and after his counscel endeavor to amend the same Truly this plaister following being applyed to the reines doth confirm the womb and stay the infant thereâ—n â„ž ladaniÊ’ii galang â„¥ i. nucis moschat nucis cupressi boli armeni terrae figil sanguin dracon balaust an Ê’ ss acatia psidiorum hypâ—cistid an â„¥ i. mastich myrrhae an Ê’ii gummi arabic Ê’i terebâ—nthi Venet. Ê’ii picis naval â„¥ i. ss cerae quantum sufficit fiat emplast secundum artem spread it for your use upon leather If the part begin to itch let the plaister be taken away and in stead thereof use unguent rosat or refrig Galen or this that followeth â„ž â—lei myrtini mastich cydâ—nior an â„¥ i. hypo boli armen sang dracon acatiae an Ê’i sant citrini â„¥ ss cerae quant suf make thereof an ointment according unto art What children are ten or eleven moneths in the
womb There are women that bear the childe in their womb ten or eleven whole moneths and such children have their conformation of much quantity of seed wherefore they will be more big great and strong and therefore they require more time to come to their perfection and maturity for those fruits that are great will not be so soon ripe as those that are small But children that are small and little of body do often come to their perfection and maturity in seven or nine moneths if all other things are correspondent in greatness and bigness of body it happeneth for the most part that the woman with childe is not delivered before the ninth moneth be done A male will be born soonner then a female or at the leastwise in the same moneth But a male childe will be commonly born at the beginnâ—ng or a little before the begining of the same moneth by reason of his engrafted heat which causeth maturity and ripeness Furthermore the infant is sooner come to maturity and perfection in a hot woman then in a cold for it is the property of heat to ripen CHAP. XXXI How to preserve the infant in the womb when the mother is dead IF all the signes of death appear in the woman that lieth in travel and cannot be delivered there must then be a Surgeon ready and at hand which may open her body so soon as she is dead whereby the infant may be preserved in safety neither can it be supposed sufficient if the mothers mouth and privie parts be held open for the infant being inclosed in his mothers womb Why it is not sufficient to preserve life in the childe to hold open the mouth and privie parts of the mother so soon as she is dead and the childe alive in her body and compassed with the membranes cannot take his breath but by contractions and dilatations of the artery of the navel But when the mother is dead the lungs do not execute their office function therefore they cannot gather in the air that compasseth the body by the mouth or aspera arteria into their own substance or into the arteries that are dispersed throughout the body thereof by reason whereof it cannot send it unto the heart by the veiny artery which is called arteria venalis for if the heart want air there cannot be any in the great artery which is called arteria aorta whose function it is to draw it from the heart as also by reason thereof it is wanting in the arteries of the womb which are as it were the little conduits of the great artery whereinto the air that is brought from the heart is derived and floweth in unto these little ones of all the body and likewise of the womb Wherefore it must of necessity follow that the air is wanting to the cotyledons of the secundines to the artery of the infants navel the iliack arteries also and therefore unto his heart and so unto his body for the air being drawn by the mothers lungs is accustomed to come to the infant by this continuation of passages How the bellie of the woman that dieth in travel must be cut open to save the childe Therefore because death maketh all the motions of the mothers body to cease it is far better to open her body so soon as she is dead beginning the incision at the cartilage Xiphoides or blade and making it in a form semicircular cutting the skin muscles and peritonaeum not touching the guts then the womb being lifted up must first be cut lest that otherwise he infant might perchance be touched or hurt with the knife You shall oftentimes finde the childe unmoveable as though he were dead but not because he is dead indeed but by reason that he being destitute of the accesse of the spirits by the death of the mother hath contracted a great weakness yet you may know whether he be dead indeed or not by handling the artery of the navel for it will beat and pant if he be alive otherwise not but if there be any life yet remaining in him How it may be known whether the infant be aâ—ive or not shortly after he hath taken in the air and is recreated with the access thereof he will move all his members and also all his whole body In so great a weakness or debility of the strength of the childe by cutting the navel string it must rather be laid close to the region of the belly thereof that thereby the heat if there be any jot remaining may be stirred up again But I cannot sufficiently marvel at the insolency of those that affirm that they have seen women whose bellies and womb have been more then once cut and the infant taken out when it could no otherwise be gotten forth and yet notwithstanding alive which thing there is no man can perswade me can be done without the death of the mother by reason of the necessary greatness of the wound that must be made in the muscles of the belly and substance of the womb for the womb of a woman that is great with childe by reason that it swelleth and is distended with much blood must needs yield a gread flux of blood which of necessity must be mortal And to conclude when that the wound or incision of the womb is cicatrized it will not peâ—mit or suffer the womb to be dilated or extended to receive or bear a new birth For these and such like other causes this kinde of cure as desperate and dangerous is not in mine opinion to be used CHAP. XXXII Of superfetation SUperfetation is when a woman doth bear two or more children at one time in her womb What superfetation is and they be enclosed each in his several secundine but those that are included in the same secundine are supposed to be conceived at one and the same time of copulation by reason of the great and copious abundance of seed and these have no number of daies between their conception and birth but all at once For as presently after meat the stomach which is naturally of a good temper is contracted or drawn together about the meat to comprehend it on every side though small in quantity as it were by both hands so that it cannot rowl neither unto this or that side so the womb is drawn together into the conception about the seeds assoon as they are brought into the capacity thereof and is so drawn in unto it on every side that it may come together into one body not permitting any portion thereof to go into any other region or side so that by one time of copulation the seed that is mixed together cannot engender more children then one which are divided by their secundines A womans womb is not distinguished into diverse cells And moreover because there are no such cells in the wombs of women as are supposed or rather known to be in the wombs of beasts which therefore bâ—ing forth many
at one conâ—eption or birth But now if any part of the womans womb doth not apply and adjoin it self closely to the conception of the seed already received lest any thing should be given by nature for no purpose it must of necessity follow that it must be filled with air which will alter and corrupt the seeds The reason of superfetation therefore the generation of more then one infant at a time having every one his several secundine is on this wise If a woman conceive by copulation with a man as this day and if that for a few daies after the conception the orifice of the womb be not exactly shut but rather gape a little and if she do then use copulation again so that at both these times of copulation there may be an effusion or perfect mixture of the fertile seed in the womb there will follow a new conception or superfetation For superfetation is no other then a certa n second conception when the woman already with childe again useth copulation with a man and so conceiveth again according to the judgment of Hippocrates Lib. de supersâ—tatiembus Why the wombt after the conception of the seed doth many times afterwards open But there may be many causes alledged why the womb which did join and close doth open and unloose it self again For there be some that suppose the womb to be open at certain times after the conception that there may be an issue out for certain excremental matters that are contained therein and therefore that the woman that hath so conceiued already and shall then use copulation with a man again shall also conceive again Others say that the womb of it self and of its own nature is very desirous of seed or copulation or else being heated or inflamed with the pleasant motion of the man moving her thereto doth at length unclose it self to receive the mans seed for likewise it happeneth many times that the orifice of the stomach being shut after eating is presently unloosed again when other delicate meats are offered to be eaten even so may the womb unclose it self again at certain seasons whereof come manifold issues whose time of birth and also of conception are different Lib. 7. cap. 1â— For as Pliny wriâ—eth when there hath been a little space between two conceptions they are both hastened as it appeared in Hercules and his brother Iphicles and in her which having two children at a birth brough forth one like unto her husband and and another like unto the adulterer And also in the Procomesian slave or bond-woman who by copulation on the same day brought one forth like unto her master and another like unto his steward and in another who brought forth one at the due time of childe-birth and another at five moneths end And again in another who bâ—inging forth her burthen on the seventh month brought forth two more in the moneths following But this is a most manifest argument of superfetation that as many children as are in the womb unless they be twins of the same sex so many secundines are there as I have often seen my self And it is very likely that if they were conceived in the same moment of time that they should all be included in one secundine But when a woman hath more children then two at one burden it seemeth to be a monstrous thing because that nature hath given her but two breasts Although we shall hereafter reherse many examples of more numerous births CHAP. XXXIII Of the tumor called Mola or a Mole growing in the womb of Women The reason of the name OF the Greek word Myle which signifieth a Myll-stone this tumor called Mola hath its name for it is like unto a Mill-stone both in the round or circular figure and also in hard consistence for the which self same reason the whirl-bone of the knee is called of the Latins Mola What a Mola is and of the Greeks Myle But the tumor called Mola whereof we here intreat is nothing else but a certain false conception of deformed flesh round and hard conceived in the womb as it were rude and unperfect not distinguished into the members comming by corrupt weak and diseased seed of the immoderate flux of the termes as it is defined by Hippocrates This is inclosed in no secundine but as it were in its own skin Lib. de steril There are some that think the Mola to be engendred of the concourse or mixture of the woâ— mans seed and menstrual blood without the communication of the mans seed But the opinion of Galen is that never any man saw a woman conceive either a Mola or any other such thing without a copulation of man Cap 7 lib 4. de usu part as a Hen layeth eggs without a cock for the only cause and original of that motion is in the mans seed and the mans seed doth only minister matter for the generation thereof Of the same opinion is Avicen who thinketh the Mola to be made by the confluction of the mans seed that is unfertile How the Mola is engendered with the womans when as it because unfruitful only puffs up or makes the womans seed to swell as leaven into a greater bigness but not into any perfect shape or forme Which is also the opinion of Fernelius by the decrees of Hippocrates and Avicen for the immoderate fluxes of the courses are conducing to the generation of the Mola which overwhelming the mans seed being now unfruitfull and weak doth constrain it to desist from its interprise of conformation already begun as vanquished or wholly overcome for the generation of the Mola commeth not of a simple heat working upon a clammy and gross humor as wormes are generated but of both the seeds by the efficacy of a certain spirit after a sort prolifical as may be understood by the membranes wherein the Mola is inclosed by the ligaments whereby many times it is fastened or bound to the true conception or childe engendered or begotten by superfoetation and finally by the increase and great and sluggish weight If all men were not perswaded that the conflux of a mans seed must of necessity concur to the generation of the Mola it would be no small cloak or cover to women to avoid the shame and reproach of their light behaviour CHAP. XXXIV How to discern a true conception from a false conception or Mola The signes of a mola inclosed in the womb WHen the Mola is inclosed in the womb the same things appear as in the true and lawful conception But the more proper signes of the Mola are these there is a certain pricking pain which at the beginning troubleth the belly as if it were the cholick the belly will swell sooner then it woul if it were the true issue and will be distended with great harâ—ness and is more difficult and troublesome to carry because it is contrary to nature and void of soule or life
the shortness of the ligature ligament that is under the yard doth make it to be crooked and violate the stiff straightness thereof so that it cannot be put directly or straightly into the womans privy parts There be some that have not the orifice of the conduit of the yard rightly in the end thereof but a little higher so that they cannot ejaculate or cast out their seed into the womb The sign of the palsie in the yard Also the paritcular palsie of the yard is numbred amongst the causes of barrenness and you may prove whether the palsie be in the yard by dipping the genitals in cold water for except they do draw themselves together or shrink up after it it is a token of the palsie for members that have the palsie by the touching of cold water do not shrink up but remain in their accustomed laxity and looseness but in this case the genitals are endued with small sense the seed commeth out without pleasure or stiffness of the yard the stones in touching are cold and to conclude those that have their bodies daily waxing lean through a consumption or that are vexed with an evill hâ—bit or disposition or with the obstruction of some of the entrals are barren and unfertil and likewise those in whom some noble part necessary to life and generation exceedeth the bounds of nature with some great distemperature and lastly those who by any means have their genital parts deformed Magick bands and enchanted knots Here I omit those that are withholden from the act of generation by inchantment magick witching and inchanted knots bands and ligatures for those causes belong not to Physick neither may they be taken away by the remedies of our Art The Doctors of the Canon laws have made mention of those magick bands which may have power in them in the particular title De frigidis maleficiatis impoteatibus incantatis also St. August hath made mention of them Tract 7. in Joan. CHAP. XXXVIII Of the barrenness or unfruitfulness of Women A Woman may become barren or unfruitful through the obstruction of the passage of the seed The cause why the neck of the womb is narrow or throng straitness and narrowness of the neck of the womb comming either through the default of the formative faculty or else afterwards by some mischance as by an abscess scirrhus warts chaps or by an ulcer which being cicatrized doth make the way more narrow so that the yard cannot have free passage thereinto Moreover The membrane called Hymen the membrane called Hymen when it groweth in the midst or in the bottom of the neck of the womb hinders the receiving of the mans seed Also if the womb be over-slippery or more loose or over wide it maketh the woman to be barren so doth the suppression of the menstrual fluxes or the too immoderate flowing of the courses or whites which commeth by the default of the womb or some entrail or of the whole body which consumeth the menstrual matter and carrieth the seed away with it The cold and moist distemperature of the womb extinguishes and suffocates the man's seed The cause of the flux of women and maketh it that it will not stay or cleave unto the womb and stay till it be concocted but the more hot and dry both corrupt for want of nourishment for the seeds that are sown either in a marish or sandy ground cannot prosper well also a mola contained in the womb the falling down of the womb the leanness of the womans body ill humors bred by eating crude and raw fruits or great or overmuch whereof obstructions and crudities follow which hinder her fruitfulness Furthermore by the use of stupefactive things the seminal matter is congealed and restrained and though it flow and be cast out yet it is deprived of the prolifick power and of the lively heat and spirits the orifices or cotyledones of the ve ns and arteries are stopped and so the passage for the menstrual matter into the womb is stopped When the Kâ—ll is so far that it girdeth in the womb narrowly it hindereth the fruitfulness of the woman because it will not permit the mans seed to enter into the womb Moreover the fat and fleshy habit of the man or woman hinder generation For it hindreth them that they cannot join their genital parts together Aph. 36. sect 5. Gal. lib. 14. de usu par cap. 9. Arist in prob sect dester quae 3. 4. and by how much the more blood goeth into fat by so much the less is remaining to be turned into seed and menstrual blood which two are the originals and principals of generation Those women that are speckled in the face somewhat lean and pale because they have their genitals moistened with a saltish sharp and tickling humor are more given to Venery then those that are red and fat Finally Hippocrates sets down four causes only why women are barren and unfruitful The first is because they cannot receive the mans seed by reason of the fault of the neck of the womb the second because when it is received into the womb they cannot conceive it the third is because they cannot nourish it the fourth because they are not able to carry or bear it untill the due and lawful time of birth These things are necessary to generation the object will faculty concourse of the seeds and the remaining or abiding thereof in the womb untill the due and appointed natural time CHAP. XXXIX The signs of a distempered Womb. THat woman is thought to have her womb too hot The signs of a hot womb whose coâ—â—ses come forth sparingly and with pain and exulcerate by reason of their heat the superfluous matter of the blood being dissolved or turned into winde by the power of the heat whereupon that menstrual blood that floweth forth is more gross and black For it is the propriety of heat by digesting the thinner substance to thicken the rest and by adustion to make it more black Furthermore she that hath her genitals itching with the desire of copulation will soon exclude the seed in copulation and she shall feel it more sharp as it goeth through the passages That woman hath too cold a womb whose flowers are either stopped or flow sparingly and those pale and not well colored Those that have less desire of copulation have less delight therein The signs of a cold womb and their seed is more liquid and waterish and not staining a linnen cloth by sticking thereunto and it is sparingly and slowly cast forth That womb is too moist that floweth continually with many liquid excrements The signs of a moist womb which therefore will not hold the seed but presently after copulation suffereth it to fall out which will easily cause abortion The signs of too dry a womb appear in rhe little quantity of the courses in the profusion of a small quantity of seed by the desire of
is corrupted by taking the air and by the falling down of the urine and filth and by the motions of the thighs in going it is ulcerated and so putrifies An historie I remember that once I cured a young woman who had her womb hanging out at her privie parts as big as an egg and I did so well performe and perfect the cure thereof that afterwards she conceived and bare children many times and her womb never fell down CHAP. XLI The cure of the falling down of the womb BY this word falling down of the womb Remedies for the ascention of the womb we understand every motion of the womb out of its place or seat therefore if the womb ascend upwards we must use the same medicines as in strangulation of the womb If it be turned towards either side it must be restored and drawn back to its right place by applying and using cupping-glasses But if it descend and fall down into its own neck but yet not in great quantity the woman must be placed so that her buttocks may be very high and her legs across then cupping-glasses must be applied to her navel and Hypâ—gastrium and when the womb is brought into its place injections that binde and drie strongly must be injected into the neck of the womb For the falling down of the womb properly so called stinking fumigations must be used unto the privie parts and sweet things used to the mouth and nose But if the womb hang down in great quantitie between the thighs it must be cured by placing the woman after another sort and by using other kinde of medicines First of all she must be so layed on her back her buttocks and thighs so lifted up and her legs so drawn back as when the childe or secundine are to be taken or drawn from her then the neck of the womb and whatsoever hangeth out thereat must be annointed with oyl of lillies fresh butter capons grease and such like then it must be thrust gently with the fingers up into its place the sick or pained woman in the mean time helping or furthering the endeavour by drawing in of her breath as if she did sup drawing up as it were that which is fallen down After that the womb is restored unto its place whatsoever is filled with the ointment must be wiped with a soft and clean cloth lest that by the slipperiness thereof the womb should fall down again the genitals must be fomented with an astringent decoction made with pomegeanate pills cypress nuts gals roach allom horse-tail sumach berberies boiled in the water wherein Smiths quench their irons of those materials make a powder wherewith let those places be sprinkled let a Pessary of a competent bigness be put in at the neck of the womb but let it be eight or nine fingers in length according to the proportion of the grieved patients body Let them be made either with latin or of cork covered with wax of an oval form having a thread at one end whereby they may be drawn back again as need requires The formes of oval Pessaries A. sheweth the body of the Pessarie B. sheweth the thread wherewith it must be tied to the thigh When all this is done let the sick woman keep her self quiet in her bed with her buttocks lying very high and her legs across for the space of eight or ten dayes in the mean while the application of cupping-glasses will staye the womb in the right place and seat after it is restored thereunto but if she hath taken any hurt by cold air let the privie parts be fomented with a discussing and heating fomentation or this wise A discussing and hearing fomentation â„ž fol. alth salv lavend. rosmar artemis flor chamoem melilot an m ss sem anis foenugr an â„¥ i. let them be all well boiled in water and wine and make thereof a decoction for your use Give her also glysters that when the guts are emptied of the excrements the womb may the better be received in the void and empty capacity of the belly for this reason the bladder is also to be emptied for otherwise it were dangerous lest that the womb lying between them both being full should be kept down and cannot be put up into its own proper place by reason thereof How vomiting is profitable to the falling down of the womb Also vomiting is supposed to be a singular remedy to draw up the womb that is fallen down furthermore also it purgeth out the phlegm which did moisten and relax the ligaments of the womb for as the womb in time of copulation at the beginning of the conception is moved downwards to meet the seed so the stomach even of its own accord is lifted upwards when it is provoked by the injurie of any thing that is contrary unto it to cast it out with greater violence but when it is so raised up it draws up together therewith the peritonaeum The cutting away of the womb when it is putrified Lib. 6. the womb and also the body or parts annexed unto it If it cannot be restostored unto its place by these prescribed remedies and that it be ulcerated and so putrified that it cannot be restored unto his place again we are commanded by the precepts of art to cut it away and then to cure the womb according to art but first it should be tied and as much as is necessary must be cut off and the rest â—eared with a cautery There are some women that have had almost all their womb cut off without any danger of their life as Paulus testifieth Epist 39. lib. 2. Epist mâ—d John Langius Physician to the Count Palatine writeth that Carpus the Chirurgian took out the womb of a woman of Bononia he being present and yet the woman lived and was very wel after it Trac de miâ—and moâ—b caus Antonius Benevenius Physician of Florence writeth that he called by Vgolius the Physician to the cure of a woman whose womb was corrupted and fell away from her by pieces and yet she lived ten years after it An history There was a certain woman being found of body of good repute and above the age of thirtie years in whom shortly after she had been married the second time which was in Anno 1571. having no childe by her first husband the lawful signs of a right conception did appear yet in process of time there arose about the lower part of her privities the sense or feeling of a weight or heaviness being so troublesome unto her by reason that it was painful and also for that it stopped her urine that she was constrained to disclose her mischance to Christopher Mombey a Surgeon her neighbour dwelling in the Suburbs of S. Germâ—ns who having seen the tumor or smelling in her groin asswaged the pain with mollifying and anodyne fomentations and cataplasms but presently after he had done this he found on the inner side of her lip of
or breadth so much is wanting in their length The cause of the divers turnings of the womb into divers parts of the body and therefore it happeneth that the womb being removed out of its seat doth one while fall to the right side towards the liver sometimes to the left towards the milt sometimes upwards unto the midriff and stomach sometimes downwards and so forwards unto the bladder whereof cometh an Ischury and strangury or backwards whereof cometh oppression of the straight gut and suppression of the excrements and the Tenesmus But although we acknowledge the womb to decline to those parts which we named yet it is not by accident only as when it is drawn by the proper and common ligaments and bands when they are contracted or made shorter The womb is not so greatly moved by an accident but by it self being distended with fulness but also of it self as when it is forced or provoked through the grief of something contrary to nature that is contained therein it wandreth sometimes unto one side and sometimes unto another part with a plain and evident natural motion like unto the stomach which embraceth any thing that is gentle and milde but avoideth any thing that is offensive and hurtfull Whereof come such divers accidents of strangulation of the womb yet we deny that so great accidents may be stirred up by the falling of it alone unto this or that side for then it might happen that women that are great with childe whose wombs are so distended by reason that the childe is great that it doth press the midriff might be troubled with a strangulation like unto this but much rather by a venemous humor breathing out a malign and gross vapor not only by the veins and arteries but also by the pores that are invisible which pollutes the faculties of the parts which it toucheth with its venemous malignity and infection and intercepts the functions thereof Neither doth the variety of the parts receiving only but also of the matter received cause variety of accidents For some accidents come by suppression of the terms others come by corruption of the seed but if the matter be cold The cause of sleepiness in the strangulation of the womb it brinketh a drowsiness being lifted up unto the brain whereby the woman sinketh down as if she were astonished and lieth without motion and sense or feeling and the beating of the arteries and the breathing are so small that sometimes it is thought they are not at all but that the woman is altogether dead If it be more gross it inferreth a convulsion if it partipate of the nature of a gross melancholick humor it bringeth such heaviness fear and sorrowfulness that the party that is vexed therewith shall think that she shall die presently and cannot be brought out of her minde by any means or reason The cause of drowsie madness if of a cholerick humor it causeth the madness called furor uterinus and such a pratling that they speak all things that are to be concealed and a giddiness of the head by reason that the animal spirit is suddenly shaken by the admixtion of a putrified vapour and hot spirit but nothing is more admirable then that this disease taketh the patient sometimes with laughing and sometimes with weeping for some at the first will weep and then laugh in the same disease and state thereof But it exceedeth all admiration which Hollerius writeth A history usually happened to two of the daughters of the Provost of Roven For they were held with long laughter for an hour or two before the fit which neither for fear admonition nor for any other means they could hold and their parents chid them and asked them wherefore they did so they answered that they were not able to stay their laughter The ascention of the womb is to be distinguishâ—d from the strangulation The ascention of the womb is diligently to be distinguished from the strangulation thereof for the accidents of the ascention and of the strangulation are not one but the woman is only oppressed with a certain pain of the heart difficulty of breathing or swouning but yet without fear without raving or idle talking or any other greater accident Therefore oftentimes contrary causes inferr the ascention that is overmuch driness of the womb labouring through the defect of moisture whereby it is forced after too violent and immoderate evacuations of the flowers and in childe-bed and such like and laborious and painfull travel in childbed through which occasion it waxeth hot contrary to nature and withereth and turneth it self with a certain violence unto the parts adjoyning that is to say unto the liver stomach and midriff if haply it may draw some moisture there-hence unto it I omit that the womb may be brought unto its place upwards by often smelling to aromatick things yet in the mean while it inferrs not the strangulation that we described before CHAP. XLV The signs of imminent strangulation of the Womb. BEfore that these fore-named accidents come the woman thinks that a certain painfull thing ariseth from her womb unto the orifice of the stomach and heart and she thinketh her self to be oppressed and choaked she complaineth her self to be in great pain and that a certain lump or heavy thing climbs up from the lower parts unto her throat and stoppeth her winde her heart burneth and panteth And in many the womb and vessels of the womb so swell that they cannot stand upright on their legs but are constrained to lie down flat on their bellies that they may be the less grieved with the pain and to press that down strongly with their hands The womb it self doth not so well make the ascention as the vapor thereof that seemeth to arise upwards although that not the womb it self but the vapor ascendeth from the womb as we said before but when the fit is at hand their faces are pale on a sudden their understanding is darkned they become slow and weak in the leggs with unableness to stand Hereof cometh sound sleep foolish talking interception of the senses and breath as if they were dead loss of speech the contraction of their legs and the like CHAP. XLVI How to know whether the woman be dead in the strangulation of the womb or not I Have thought it meet because many women not only in ancient times Women living taken for dead but in our own and our fathers memory have been so taken with this kind of symptom that they have been supposed and laid out for dead although truly they were alive to set down the signs in such a case which do argue life and death Therefore first of all it may be proved whether she be alive or dead by laying or holding a clear and smooth looking-glass before her mouth and nostrils For if she breath although it be never so obscurely the thin vapor that cometh out How women that have the
suffocation of the womb live only by transpiration without breathing will stain or make the glass duskie Also a fine downish feather taken from under the wing of any bird or else a fine flock being held before the mouth will by the trembling or shaking motion thereof shew that there is some breath and therefore life remaining in the body But you may prove most certainly whether there be any spark of life remaining in the body by blowing some sneesing powders of pellitory of Spain and Elebore into the nostrils But though there no breath appear yet must you not judge the woman for dead for the small vital heat by which being drawn into the heart she yet liveth is contented with transpiration only and requires not much attraction which is performed by the contraction and dilatation of the breast and lungs unto the preservation of it self For so flies gnats pismires and such like How flies gnats and pismires do live all the winter without breathing because they are of a cold temperament live unmoveably inclosed in the caves of the earth no token of breathing appearing in them because there is a little heat left in them which may be conserved by the office of the arteries and heart that is to say by perspiration without the motion of the breast because the greatest use of respiration is that the inward heat may be preserved by refrigeration and ventilation Those that do not mark this fall into that error which almost cost the life of him who in our time first gave life to Anatomical administration that was almost decayed and neglected For he being called in Spain to open the body of a noble woman which was supposed dead through strangulation of the womb behold at the second impression of the incision-knife A history she began suddenly to come to her self and by the moving of her members and body which was supposed to be altogether dead and with crying to shew manifest signs that there was some life remaining in her Which thing struck such an admiration and horror into the hearts of all her friends that were present that they accounted the Physicâ—an being before of a good fame and report as infamous odious and detestable so that it wanted but little but that they would have scratched out his eyes presently wherefore he thought there was no better way for him if he would live safe then to forsake the Country But neither could he so also avoid the horrible prick and inward wound of his conscience from whose judgment no offendor can be absolved for his inconsiderate dealing but within few dayes after being consumed with sorrow he died to the great loss of the Common-wealth and the art of Physick CHAP. XLVII How to know whether the strangulation of the wombe comes of the suppression of the Flowers or the corruption of the seed The signs of suffocation of the womb comming of corrupt seed THere are two chief causes especially as most frequently happening of the strangulation of the womb but when it proceedeth from the corruption of the seed all the accidents are more grievous and violent difficulty of breathing goes before and shortly after comes deprivation thereof the whole habit of the body seemeth more cold then a stone the woman is a widow or else hath great store or abundance of seed and hath been used to the company of a man by the absence whereof she was before wont to be pained with heaviness of the head to loath her meat and to be troubled with sadness and fear but chiefly with melancholy Moreover The signs when it comes of the suppression of the flowers when she hath satisfied and every way fulfilled her lust and then presently on a sudden begins to contain her self It is very likely that she is suffocated by the suppression of the flowers which formerly had them well and sufficiently which formerly had been fed with hot moist and many meats therefore engendring much blood which sitteth much which is grieved with some weight and swelling in the region of the belly with pain in the stomach and a desire to vomit and with such other accidents as come by the suppression of the flowers The signs of one recovering of or from the suffocation of the womb Those who are freed from the fit of the suffocation of the womb either by nature or by art in a short time their colour cometh into their faces by little and little and the whole body beginneth to wax strong and the teeth that were set and closed fast together begin the jaws being loosed to open and unclose again and lastly some moisture floweth from the secret parts with a certain tickling pleasure but in some women as in those especially in whom the neck of the womb is tickled with the Midwives finger instead of that moisture comes thick and gross seed which moisture or seed when it is fallen the womb being before as it were raging is restored unto its own proper nature and place Why the suppression of the seed is not perilous or deadly to men and by little and little all symptoms vanish away Men by the suppression of their seed have not the like symptoms as women have because mans seed is not so cold and moist but far more perfect and better digested and therefore more meet to resist putrefaction and whiles it is brought or drawn together by little and little it is dissipated by great and violent exercise CHAP. XLVIII Of the cure of the Strangulation of the Womb. The pulling of the hairs of the lower parts are profitable both for this malady and for the cause of the same SEeing that the strangulation of the womb is a sudden and sharp disease it therefore requireth a present and speedy remedy for if it be neglected it many times causeth present death Therefore when this malady cometh the sick woman must presently be placed on her back having her breast and stomach loose and all her cloaths and garments slack and loose about her whereby she may take breath the more easily and she must be called on by her own name with a loud voice in her ears and pulled hard by the hairs of the temples and neck but yet especially by the hairs of the secret parts that by provoking or causing pain in the lower parts the patient may not only be brought to her self again but also that the sharp and malign vapour ascending upwards may be drawn downwards the legs and arms must be bound and tied with painfull ligatures all the body must be rubbed over with rough linnen clothes besprinkled with salt and vineger untill it be very sore and red and let this pessary following be put into the womb A Pessary â„ž succi mercurial artemis an â„¥ ii in quibus dissolve pul bened Ê’ iii. pul radic enula camp galang minor an Ê’ i. make thereof a pessary Then let the soals of her feet be anointed with oil of bayes
Sena at one time brought forth seven children of which four were baptized In our time betweeen Sarte and Main in the parish of Seaux not far from Chambellay there is a family and noble house called Maldemeure the wife of the Lord of Maldemure the first year she was married brought forth twins the second year she had three children the third year four the fourth year five the fifth year six and of that birth she died of those six one is yet alive and is Lord of Maldemeure In the valley of Beaufort in the countie of Anjou a young woman the daughter of Mace Channiere when at one perfect birth she had brought forth one childe the tenth day following she fell in labor of another but could not be delivered untill it was pulled from her by force and was the death of the mother The Picture of Dorithie great with childe with many children Martin Comerus the author of the Polish historie writeth that one Margaret The ninth Book of the Polish Historie a woman sprung from a noble and ancient familie neer Cracovia and wife to Count Virboslaus brought forth at one birth thirtie five live children upon the twentieth daie of Jan. in the year 1296. Franciscus Picus Mirandula writeth that one Dorothie an Italian had twentie children at two births at the first nine and at the second eleven and that she was so big that she was forced to bear up her bellie which lay upon her knees with a broad and large scarf tied about her neck as you may see by this figure And they are to be reprehended here again who affirm the cause of numerous births to consist in the variety of the cels of the womb for they feign a womans womb to have seven cels or partitions three on the right side for males three on the left side for females and one in the midst for Hermophrodites or Scrats and this untruth hath gone so far that there have been some that affirmed every of the seven cels to have been divided into ten partitions into which the seed dispersed doth bring forth a divers and numerous encrease according to the varietie of cels furnished with the matter of seed which though it may seem to have been the opinion of Hippocrates in his Book De natura Pueri notwithstanding it is repugnant to reason and to those things which are manifestly apparent to the eies and senses The opinion of Aristotle is more probable who saith twins and more at one birth Lib. 4. de gen anim cap. 4. are begot and brought forth by the same cause that the sixth finger groweth on the hand that is by the abundant plentie of the seed which is greater and more copious then can be all taken up in the natural framing of one bodie for if it all be forced into one it maketh one with the parts encreased more then is fit either in greatness or number but if it be as it weâ—e cloven into divers parts it causeth more then one at one birth CHAP. IV. Of Hermophrodites or Scrats ANd here also we must speak of Hermophrodites because they draw the cause of their generation and conformation from the abundance of seed and are called so because they are of both sexes the woman yeelding as much seed as the man For hereupon it commeth to pass that the forming facultie which alwaies endeavors to produce something like it self doth labor both the matters almost with equal force and is the cause that one bodie is of both sexes Yet some make four differences of Hermophrodites the first of which is the male Hermophrodite who is a perfect and absolute male and hath only a slit in the Perinaeum not perforated and from which neither urine nor seed doth flow The second is the female which besides her natural privitie hath a fleshie and skinnie similitude of a mans yard but unapt for erection and ejaculation of seed and wanteth the cod and stones the third difference is of those which albeit they bear the express figures of members belonging to both sexes commonly set the one against the other yet are found unapt for generation the one of them only serving for making of water the fourth difference is of those who are able in both sexes throughly perform the part of both man and woman because they have the genitals of both sexes complete and perfect and also the right brest like a man and the left like a woman the laws command those to chuse the sex which they will use and in which they will remain and live judgeing them to death if they be found to have departed from the sex they made choice of for some are thought to have abused both and promiscuously to have had their pleasure with men and women There are signs by which the Physicians may discern whether the Hermophrodites are able in the male or female sex or whether they are impotent in both these signs are most apparent in the privities and face for if the matrix be exact in all its demensions and so perforated that it may admit a mans yard if the courses flow that way if the hair of the head be long slender and soft and to conclude if to this tender habit of the body a timid and weak condition of the minde be added the female sex is predominant and they are plainly to be judged women But if they have the Perinaeum and fundament full of hairs the which in women are commonly without any if they have a a yard of a convenient largeness if it stand well and readily and yeeld seed the male sex hath the preheminence and they are to be judged men But if the conformation of both the genitals be alike in figure quantity and efficacy it is thought to be equally able in both sexes although by the opinion of Aristotle Lib. 4. de gener anim cap. 5. those who have double genitals the one of the male the other of the female the one of them is alwaies perfect the other imperfect The figure of Hermophrodite twins cleaving together with their backs Anno Dom. 1486. in the Palatinate at the village Robach near Heidelberg there were twins both Hermophrodites born with their backs sticking together The effigies of an Hermophrodite having four hands and feet The same day the Venetians and Geneses entred into league there was a monster born in Italy having four arms and feet and but one head it lived a little after it was baptized James Ruef a Helvetian Cirurgian saith he saw the like but which besides had the privities of both sexes whose figure I have therefore set forth Pag. 647. CHAP. V. Of the changing of Sex AMatus Lusitanus reports that in the village Esquina there was a maid named Maria Pateca who at the appointed age for her courses to flow had instead of them a mans yard laying before that time hid and covered so that of a woman she became a man and therefore laying
years continuance or longer must necessarily foul the bone and make the scars hollow Whither also belongs this saying of the same party An Erisipelas is ill in the laying bare of a bone But this flowing venenate and gangrenous matter is somewhiles hot as in pestilent Carbuncles which in the space of four and twenty hours by causing an Eschar bring the part to mortification otherwhiles cold as we see it divers times happens in parts which are possest with a Gangrene no pain tumor blackness nor any other precedent sign of a Gangrene going before For John de Vigo saith that happened to a certain Gentlewoman of Genoa under his cure A notable History I remember the same happened to a certain man in Paris who supping merrily and without any sense of pain went to bed and suddainly in the night time a Gangrene seised on both his legs caused a mortification without tumor without Inflammation only his legs were in some places spred over with livid black and green spots the rest of the substance retaining his native colour yet the sense of these parts was quite dead they felt cold to the touch and if you did thrust your Lancet into the skin no bloud came forth A Council of Physitians being called they thought good to cut the skin and flesh lying under it with many deep scarifications which when I had done there came forth a little black thick and as it were congealed bloud wherefore this remedy as also divers other proved to no purpose for in conclusion a blackish colour coming into his face and the rest of his body he dyed frantick I leave it to the Reader 's judgment whether so speedy and suddainly cruel a mischief could proceed from any other than a venenate matter Simple cold may cause a Gangrene yet the hurt of this venenate matter is not peculiar or by its self For oft-times the force of cold whether of the encompassing air or the too immoderate use of Narcotick medicins is so great that in few hours it takes away life from some of the members and divers times from the whole body as we may learn by their example who travel in great Snows and over mountains congealed and hoar'd with frost and ice Hence also is the extinction of the native heat and the spirits residing in the part and the shutting forth of that which is sent by nature to aid or defend it For when as the part is bound with rigid cold and as it were frozen they cannot get nor enter therein Neither if they should enter into the part can they stay long there because they can there find no fit habitation the whole frame and government of nature being spoiled and the harmony of the four prime qualities destroyed by the offensive dominion of predominant cold their enemy whereby it cometh to pass that flying back from whence they first came they leave the part destitute and deprived of the benefit of nourishment life sense and motion A certain Briton an Hostler in Paris having drunk soundly after Supper A History cast himself upon a bed the cold air coming in at a window left open so took hold upon one of his legs that when he waked forth of his sleep he could neither stand nor go Wherefore thinking only that his leg was numb they made him stand to the fire but putting it very nigh he burnt the sole of his foot without any sense of pain some fingers thickness for a mortification had already possessed more than half his leg Wherefore after he was carryed to the Hospital the Chirurgeon who belonged thereto endeavoured by cutting away of the mortified leg to deliver the rest of the body from imminent death but it proved in vain for the mortification taking hold upon the upper parts be dyed within three days with troublesom belching and hickering raving cold sweat and often swounding Verily all that same Winter What parts are usually taken by a Gangrene proceeding of cold the cold was so vehement that many in the Hospital of Paris lost the wings or sides of their nostrils seised upon by a mortification without any putrefaction But you most note that the Gangrene which is caused by cold doth first and principally seise upon the parts most distant from the heart the fountain of heat to wit the feet and legs as also such as are cold by nature as gristly parts such as the nose and ears CHAP. XIII Of the Signs of a Gangrene THe signs of a Gangrene which inflammation or a phlegmon hath caused are pain and pulsation without manifest cause Sect. c. lib. de fractur the suddain changing of the fiery and red colour into a livid or black as Hippocrates shews where he speaks of the Gangrene of a broken heel I would have you here to understand the pulsifick pain What a pulsifick pain is not only to be that which is caused by the quicker motion of the Arteries but that heavy and pricking which the contention of the natural heat doth produce by raising a thick cloud of vapours from these humors which the Gangrene sets upon The signs of a Gangrene caused by cold are Signs of a Gangrene proceeding from cold if suddainly a sharp pricking and burning pain assaileth the part for penetrabile frigus adurit i piercing cold doth burn if a shining redness as if you had handled Snow presently turn into a livid colour if instead of the accidental heat which was in the part presently cold and numbness shall possess it as if it were shook with a quartain feaver Such cold Signs of Gangrene proceeding from strait bandages or ligatures c. if it shall proceed so far as to extinguish the native heat bringeth a mortification upon the Gangrene also oft-times Convulsions and violent shaking of the whole body are wondrous troublesome to the brain and the fountains of life But you shall know Gangrenes caused by too strait bandages by fracture luxation and contusion by the hardness which the attraction and flowing down of the humors hath caused little pimples or blisters spreading or rising upon the skin by reason of the great heat as in a combustion by the weight of the part occasioned through the defect of the spirits not now sustaining the burden of the member and lastly from this the pressing of your finger upon the part it will leave the print thereof as in an oedema and also from this that the skin cometh from the flesh without any manifest cause Now you shall know Gangrenes arising from a bite puncture aneurisma or wound in plethorick and ill bodies and in a part indued with most exquisite sense almost by the same signs as that which was caused by inflammation For by these and the like causes Signs of a Gangrene occasioned by a bite puncture c. there is a far greater defluxion and attraction of the humors than is fit when the perspiration being intercepted and the passages stopt the native
and virulency of an humor corroding and eating the flesh lying under it and the lips about it cause and make the pain you shall neither asswage it by Anodynes nor Narroticks for by application of gentle medicins it will become worse and worse Cathaereticks have power to asswage pain Wherefore you must betake you to Cathaeret cks For strong medicins are fittest for strong diseases Wherefore let a Pledget dipped in strong and more then ordinarily powerful Aegyptiacum or in a little oil of Vitriol be applyed to the Ulcer for these have power to tame this raging pain and virulent humors In the mean season let refrigerating things be put about the Ulcer lest the vehemency of acrid medicins cause a defluxion CHAP. VII Of Ulcers with overgrowing or proudness of flesh ULcers have oft-times proud or overgrowing flesh in them Things wasting superfluous flesh either by the negligence of the Chirurgeon or fault of the Patient Against this drying and gently eating or consuming medicins must be applyed such as are Galls cortex thuris Aloes Tutia Antimony â— mpholix Vitrioll Lead all of them burnt and washt if need require Of these powders you may also make ointments with a little oil and wax but if the proud flesh as that which is hard and dense yeeld not to these remedies we must come to causticks or else to iron so to cut it off For in Galens opinion the taking away of proud flesh is no work of nature as the generating Lib. 3. Meth. cap. 6. restoring and agglutinating of the flesh is but it is performed by medicins which dry vehemently or else by the hand of the Chirurgeon wherefore amongst the remedies fit for this operation the powder of Mercury with some small quantity of burnt Alum or burnt Vitriol alone seem very effectual to me Now for the hard and callous lips of the Ulcer they must be mollified with medicins which have such a faculty as with Calves Goose Capons or Ducks grease For the callous lips of Ulcers the oils of Lillies sweet Almonds Worms Whelps Oesipus the mucilages of Marsh-mallows Linseed Faenugreek seed Gum Ammoniacum Galbanum Bdellium of which being mixed may be made Emplaisters unguents and liniments or you shall use Empl. Diachylon or de Mucilaginibus De Vigo cum mercurio To conclude after you have for some few dayes used such like remedies you may apply to the Ulcer a plate of Lead rubbed over with Quicksilver for this is very effectual to smooth an Ulcer and depresse the lips if you shall prevail nothing by this means you must come to the causticks by which if you still prevail nothing for that the lips of the Ulcer are so callous that the causticks cannot pierce into them you must cleave them with a gentle scarification or else cut them to the quick so to make way or as it were open a window for the medicin to enter in according to Galen Neither in the interim must you omit Hippocrates his advice Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 2. which is that by the same operation we reduce the Ulcer if round into another figure to wit long or triangular CHAP. VIII Of an Ulcer putrid and breeding Worms The cause of worms breeding in Ulcers WOunds are divers times bred in ulcers whence they are called Wormy ulcers the cause hereof is the too great excrementitious humidity prepared to putrefie by unnatural and immoderate heat Which happens either for that the ulcer is neglected or else by reason of the distemper and depraved humors of all the body or the affected part or else for that the excrementitious humor collected in the ulcer hath not open and free passage forth as it happens to the ulcers of the ears nose fundament neck of the womb and lastly to all sinuous and cuniculous ulcers Yet it doth not necessarily follow that all putrid ulcers must have worms in them as you may perceive by the definition of a putrid ulcer which we gave you before For the cure of such ulcers after generall means the worms must first be taken forth then the excrementitious humor must be drawn away whence they take their original Therefore you shall foment the ulcer with the ensuing decoction which is of force to kill them for if any labour to take forth all that are quick he will be much deceived for they oft times do so tenaciously adhere to the ulcerated part that you cannot pluck them away without much force and pain â„ž absinth centaur majoris marrubii an M.j. fiat decoctio ad lb. ss in qua dissolve aloes â„¥ ss unguenti Aegyptiaci â„¥ j. A fomentation to kill the worms Let the ulcer be fomented and washed with this medicin and let pledgets dipped herein be put into the ulcer or else if the ulcer be cuniculous or full of windings make injection therewith which may go into all parts thereof Gal. 4. comp med Achigenes much commends this following medicin â„ž Cerusae polii montani an â„¥ ss picis navalis liquidae quantum sufficit misce in mortario pro linimento If the putrefaction be such that these medicins will not suffice for the amendment thereof you must come to more powerful or to cauteries also or hot Irons or to Section yet you must still begin with the more gentle such as this of Galen's description â„ž cerae â„¥ ij cerusae â„¥ j. olei ros â„¥ ij salis ammon â„¥ ss squam aerisÊ’ij thuralum arug malicor calcis vivae an Ê’ j. fiat emplastrum Or lb. terebinth lotae â„¥ ij cerae albae â„¥ ss liquefiant simul addendo sublimati Ê’ ss salis torrefacti vitrioli calcinati an â„¥ j. fiat mundificativum Or you must use our Aegyptiacum alone which hath Sublimate entring into the composition thereof but in the interim the circuit of the Ulcer must be defended with refrigerating and defensative things for fear of pain CHAP. IX Of a sordid Ulcer A Sordid Ulcer after the cure of the body in general shall be healed with detergent medicins the indication being drawn from the gross and tough excrement which with the excrementitious sanies as it were besieging and blocking up the ulcerated parts weakens and as it were duls the force of medicins though powerful A detergent lotion which causeth us to begin the cure with fomentations and lotions as thus â„ž Lixivii com lb. j. absinth marrub apii centaur utriusque hypericonis an M. ss coquantur colaturae quae sufficiat adde mellis rosati â„¥ j. unguenti Egyptiaci â„¥ ss fiat fotus Then use the following detersive medicin R. succi apii plantag an â„¥ ij mellis com â„¥ j. terebinth â„¥ i ss pul Ireos Florent aloes an â„¥ ss fiat medicamentum The Chirurgeon must well consider at how many dressings he shall be able to wash away the grosse sordes or filth sticking close to the Ulcer and dry up the excrementitious sanies For oft times these things may be done at one dressing but in others
medicins as those of the reins are but these not only taken by the mouth but also injected by the urinary passage These injections may be made of Gordonius his Trochisces formerly prescribed being dissolved in some convenient liquor but because Ulcers of the bladder cause greater and more sharp pain than those of the Kidnies therefore the Chirurgeon must be more diligent in using Anodynes For this purpose I have often by experience found that the oil of henbane made by expression gives certain help He shall do the same with Cataplasms and Liniments applyed to the parts about the Pecten and all the lower belly and perinaeum Aegyptiacum for the ulcers of the bladder as also by casting in of Clysters If that they stink it will not be amiss to make injection of a little Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine plantain or rose-water For I have often used this remedy in such a case with very prosperous success CHAP. XIX Of the Ulcers of the Womb. The causes ULcers are bred in the womb either by the conflux of an acrid or biting humour fretting the coats thereof or by a tumour against nature degenerating into an abscess or by a difficult and hard labour they are known by pain at the perinaeum and the efflux of Pus and Sanies by the privity Lib. 3. sect 12. tract 2. cap. 5. All of them in the opinion of Avicen are either putrid when as the Sâ—nies breaking forth is of a stinking smell and in colour resembles the water wherin flesh hath been washed Signs or else sordid when as they flow with many virulent and crude humours or else are eating or spreading Ulcers when as they cast forth black Sanies and have pâ—lsation joyned with much pain Besides they differ amongst themselves in site for either they possess the neck and are known by the sight by putting in a speculum or else are in the bottom and are manifested by the condition of the more liquid and serous excrements and the site of the pain The cure They are cured with the same remedies wherewith the Ulcers of the mouth to wit with aqua fortis the oil of Vitriol and Antimony and other things made somewhat more milde and corrected with that moderation that the ulcerated parts of the Womb may be safely touched with them it is requisite that the remedies which are applyed to the ulcers of the womb do in a moment that which is expected of them for they cannot long adhere or stick in the womb as neither to the mouth Galen saith Why strongly drying things are good for Ulcers of the womb that very drying medicins are exceeding fit for ulcers of the womb that so the putrefaction may be hindred or restrained whereto this part as being hot and moist is very subject besides that the whole body unto this part as unto a sink sends down its excrements If an ulcer take hold of the bottom of the womb it shall be cleansed and the part also strengthened by making this following injection â„ž hordei integri p. ij guajaci â„¥ j. An injection for an Ulcer in the bottom of the wombe rad Ireos â„¥ ss absinth plant centaur utriusque an M. j. fiat decoct in aqua fabrorum ad lb ij in quibus dissolve mellis rosati syrupi de absinthio an â„¥ iij. fiat injectio For amending the stinking smell I have often had certain experience of this ensuing remedy â„ž vini rab lb.j. unguent aegyptiaci â„¥ ij bulliant parum Thus the putrefaction may be corrected An injection hindering putrefaction and the painfull maliciousness of the humor abated Ulcers when they are cleansed must presently be cicatrized that may be done with Alum water the water of Plantain wherein a little Vitriol or Alum have been dissoved Lastly if remedies nothing availing the ulcer turn into a cancer it must be dressed with anodynes and remedies proper for a Cancer which you may finde set down in the proper treatise of Cancers The cure of Ulcers of the fundament was to be joined to the cure of these of the womb but I have thought good to referre it to the treatise of Fistulaes as I do the cure of these of the urinary passage to the Treatise of the Lues Venerea CHAP. XX. Of the Varices and their cure by cutting A Varix is the dilatation of a vein some whiles of one and that a simple branch What a Varix is and what be the differences thereof other whiles of many Every varix is either straight or crooked and as it were infolded into certain windings within its self Many parts are subject to Varices as the temples the region of the belly under the navil the testicles womb fundament but principally the thighs and legs The matter of them is usually melancholy blood The matter for Varices often grow in men of a melancholy temper and which usually feed on gross meats or such as breed gross and melancholy humours Also women with childe are commonly troubled with them by reason of the heaping together of their suppressed menstrual evacuation The causes The precedent causes are a vehement concussion of the body leaping running a painfull journey on foot a fall the carrying of a heavy burden torture or racking This kinde of disease gives manifest signs thereof by the largeness thickness Signs swelling and colour of the veins It is best not to meddle with such as are inveterate The cure for of such being cured there is to be feared a reflux of the melancholly blood to the noble parts whence there may be imminent danger of malign Ulcers a Cancer madness or suffocation When as many Varices and diversly implicit are in the legs they often swell with congealed and dryed blood and cause pain which is increased by going and compression The cutting of Varices Such like varices are to be opened by dividing the vein with a Lancet and then the blood must be pressed out and evacuated by pressing it upwards and downwards which I have oft-times done and that with happy success to the Patients whom I have made to rest for some few dayes and have applyed convenient medicins A varix is often cut in the inside of the leg a little below the knee in which place commonly the originall thereof is seen He which goes about to intercept a varix downwards from the first originall and as it were fountain thereof makes the cure far more difficult For hence it is divided as it were into many rivulets all which the Chirurgeon is forced to follow A varix is therefore cut or taken away so For what intention a Varix must be cut Paulus cap. 82. lib. 6. The manner how to cut it to intercept the passage of the blood and humours mixed together therewith flowing to an ulcer seated beneath or else lest that by the too great quantity of blood the vessel should be broken and death be occasioned by
second kinde of affect whereof we have determined to treat in this Chapter to wit the putrefaction corruption or blasting of the ribs An abscess and the separation of the flesh from the bone is the cause hereof for hence it cometh to pass that the bone despoiled of its natural and fleshly cloathing wherewith it was cherished is easily offended by the touch of the entring air which it never formerly felt and so at length it becometh as it were blasted which when it happens The cure they spit up filth and so fall into a consumption and at length dye To withstand all these inconveniencies you must as speedily as you can restore the fractured bones by the former delivered means And then this mucous tumor must be resolved by proper heating and discussing medicins and kept down by boulsters and rowlers that so the flesh may touch the bone and cover it as it usually did But the ligature shall not be made so strait as to hinder the ribs from their wonted motion in expiration and inspiration If the tumor degenerate into an abscess it shall be speedily opened lest the matter kept in too long corrupt the bone which lyes under it by the contagion of its putrefaction The Ulcer being opened the matter shall be evacuated by putting a Pipe into the Ulcer the end whereof shall be bound about with a thred lest it fall into the capacity of the chest and that it may be drawn forth at your pleasure CHAP. XIII Of the Fracture of the Vertebrae or rack Bones of the Back and of their Processes The affect of the Vertebrae THe Vertebrae are somewhiles broken otherwhiles bruised or strained on the inside whereby it cometh to pass that the membranes which invest the spinal marrow as also the spinal marrow it self are compressed and straitned which cause many malign accidents which whether they be curable or not may be certainly foretold by their magnitude Amongst these symptoms are the stupidity or numness and palsie of the arms legs fundament and bladder which diminish or else take away from them the faculty of sense and motion so that their urine and excrements come from them against their wills and knowledge or else are wholly supprest Sect. 2. Proth The cure of fractured Vertebrae Which when they happen saith Hippocrates you may foretell that death is at hand by reason that the spinal marrow is hurt Having made such a prognostick you may make an incision so to take forth the splinters of the broken vertebrae which driven in press the spinal marrow and the nerves thereof If you cannot do this at least you shall apply such medicins as may asswage pain and hinder inflammation and then the broken bones shall be restored to their places and contained therein by those means which we shall mention when we come to treat of the luxation of the spine The cure of the Processes But if that the Processes only of the Vertebrae be broken the fragments shall be put in their places unless they be quite severed from their Periosteum But if they be severed Signs that only the processes are fractured you shall open the skin and take them forth and then dress the wound as is fit We understand that only the processes of the Vertebrae are broken if in the absence of the forementioned symptoms of numness and the palsie you laying your finger upon the grieved part feel something as a bony fragment shaking and moving thereunder with a certain crackling noise cavity and depression and then if when the Patient holds down his head and bends his back he feel far more pain than when he stands up straight on his feet For in stooping the skin of the back is somewhat stretched forth and extended and also forced upon the sharp splinters of the fragments whence proceeds a dolorifick solution of continuity and a pricking in standing streight up on the contrary the stretched skin is relaxed and consequently less molested by the sharp fragments The fractured processes of the Vertebrae easily heal unless they be associated with some other more grievous symptom which may hinder such as is a certain great contusion and the like For as we formerly said out of Hippocrates all rare and spongy bones are knit by a Callus within a few dayes CHAP. XIV Of the fracture of the Holy-bone ALso the holy-bone in a certain part thereof which may be easily healed What fracture of the holy-bone curable and what not may be broken by the blow of bruising things as by a bullet shot out of a musket as I have observed in many But if the fracture violate together with the Vertebrae thereof the spinal marrow contained therein then the Patient can scarce scape death for the reasons shewed in the former Chapter CHAP. XV. Of the Fracture of the Rump THe Rump is composed of four bones the first whereof hath a cavity The description of the rump wherein it receives the lowest Vertebrae of the holy bone the other three are joined together by Symphisis or Coalition at the end of these hangs a certain small gristle The cure The fracture of these bones shall be cured by putting your finger into the Patients fundament and so thrusting it even to the fractured place For thus you may thrust the fragment forth and fit and restore it to the rest of the bones by your other hand lying upon the back But that it may be the sooner healed it is fit the Patient keep his bed during all the time of the cure But if there be a necessity to rise he shall so sit in a perforated seat that there may be nothing which may press the broken part and fitting remedies for healing fractures shall be applyed as occasion shall offer it self CHAP. XVI Of the Fracture of the Hip or Os Ilium THe Hip consists of three bones the first is named Os Ilium the haunch-bone the other The description of the hip Os Ischion the huckle-bone the third Os pubis the share-bone These three bones in men of full growth are so fast knit and joined together that they can by no means be separated but in children they may be separated without much ado This bone may be broken in any part thereof either by a stroak or by a fall from high upon any hard body The signs You shall know the fracture by the same kind of signs as you know others to wit pain pricking a depressed cavity and inequality and also a numness of the leg of the same side The cure The splinters of the bones if quite broke off must by making incision be taken away at the first dressing in performance of which operation you must have a care that you hurt not with your instrument the heads of the muscles nor any vessels especially which are great nor lastly that large nerve which is sent into the muscles of the thigh and leg On the contrary such fragments as are not
lately done or of some long continuance I have judged it fit to set down all these for that there are several indications of curing according to the varietie of each of these as we shall teach hereafter CHAP. III. Of the causes of Dislocations THere are three general causes of Luxations internal external and hereditary What a subluxation or strain Internal causes of dislocations The internal are excrementitious humours and flatulencies which setling into the joints with great force and plentie doe so make slippery soften and relax the ligaments which bind together the bones that they easily fall out of their cavities or else they so fill and distend these ligaments and make them so short that being contracted they also contract the appendices of the bones from whence they arise and so pluck them from the bone whereon they are placed or else draw the heads of the bones out of their cavities chiefly if the violence of a noxious humour doth also concur which possessing and filling up the cavities of the joints puts them from their seats as it oft-times happens to the joint of the hip by Sciaticaes and to the Vertebrae of the spine by whose Luxation people become gibbous or otherwise crooked External causes But external causes of Dislocations are falls from high bruising and heavy blows the Rack Strappado slipping in going and all such like things which may force the heads of the bones to fly out of their seats or cavities which also happens sometimes to Infants in their birth when as they are too carelesly and violently drawn forth by the Midwife so that either their arms or legs are put out of joint Hereditary causes Hereditary causes are such as the Parents transfuse into their off-spring hence it is that crooked not necessarily but oftentimes are generated by crooked Sect. 3 sent 88. 94. sect 82. 4. sent 3. 4. lib. de art Children may have Impostumes in their mothers wombs and lame by lame The truth whereof is evident by daily experience Besides also Hippocrates himself avers that infants in the very womb may have their Joints dislocated by a fall blow and compression and by the too much humidity and looseness of the Joints whence also we see many crook legg'd and footed from their nativity so that none need marvel or make any doubt hereof We have read it observed by Galen In libro de Artic. that children may have imposthumes in their mothers wombs which may cast forth quitture the ulcers being opened of their own accord and be cicatrized by the only benefit of nature It also happens to many from their first conformation that the cavities of their Joints are less deprest than they should be and that their verges are more dilated than they ought to be whereby it happens that the heads of the bones can the less enter into them It falls out that othersome have the ligaments appointed by nature for fastning together the bones of the joint whether inserted or placed about so weak that from their first original they are not of sufficient strength or else abound with much phlegm either bred together with them or flowing from some other place so that by their too much slipperiness they less faithfully contain the knittings or articulations of the bones In all these as the bones are easily dislocated so they may presently be easily restored without the assistance of a Surgeon as I have sometimes observed in some CHAP. IV. The signs of Dislocations The common sign of all dislocations SOme of the signs whereby we come to the knowledge of a luxated bone are common to all dislocations others are proper only to several Luxations It is a common sign that there is always a tumour in that part whereto the bone runs and a hollowness on that side from whence it is flown Now the proper signs shall be shewed when as we come to treat of the particular kindes of Luxations We know a perfect Dislocation by the lost action of the part that is to say the lost motion pain also breeds a suspition of a dislocation for the head of the bone which moved out of its place is forced into another presses the flesh and distends the nerves also moved out of their place Hereto also conduces the comparing of the sound joint with that which is hurt in which collation it is fit the sound part which is compared with the hurt be no ways neither by nature nor any accident wronged nor deformed nor withered or decayed nor swoln above measure otherwise it may cozen and deceive you if you be less wary Labour and difficulty of action in moving Signs of an imperfect dislocation is a sign of an uncompleat Luxation or strain Now we thus know that the ligaments serving to the connexion of the articulations are extended and relaxed if the head of the bone pressed with your fingers be easily driven to the contrary part and suddenly fly thence back again if thrusting your finger into the Joint it easily enter nothing resisting it as though all were empty within if the motion be difficult or none at all CHAP. V. Of Prognosticks to be made upon Luxations What luxations be uncurable ALl Joints may be perverted or luxated but all of them cannot in like manner be restored For the head may be dislocated but thereupon present death ensues by reason of the compression of the whole spinal marrow presently at the original thereof such also is the dislocation of a vertebra of the spine and of the Jaw bone which slipped forth on both sides hath caused inflamation Why those bones which are hardly dislocated are hard to be set and a great tumor before that it be set The bones of other Joints as they are more or less dislocated and moved out of their seats so may they be more easily or difficultly restored For by how much they are the less moved out of their places by so much they are the more quickly and by how much they are the further by so much they are the more slowly and difficultly set Also an indication taken from the figure of the luxated bone gives a sign of the easie or hard restoring of the dislocation as in the arm by how much the bones be the more easily dislocated by so much once laxated they are the more easily restored Bones do not easily fall out of joint in fleshy bodies but when they chance to be put out they are not easily got in again For in such the articulation is straitly on every side held in by the thickness of the muscles and the plenty of the fat lying thereabouts On the contrary such as are lean especially those who formerly have been more fat have their joints more lax whereby it comes to pass that their bones may easily be put forth of joint besides also through the default of the digestive faculty they have their joints replete with mucous humours whence it is that the
by that means bee plucked away therewith you shall use this medicine so long as need shall seem to require For the third kinde of Scall which is termed a Corrosive or Ulcerous the first indication is to cleans the ulcers with this following ointment The cure of an ulcerous scall â„ž unguenti enulati cum mercurio duplicato aegyptiaci an â„¥ iii. vitriol albi in pulverem redactiÊ’i incorporentur simil fiat unguentum ad usum also you may use the formerly discribed ointment But if any pain or other accident fall out you must withstand it by the assistance and direction of som good Physician verily these following medicins against all kindes of Scalls have been found out by reason and approved by use â„ž Camphur â„¥ ss alum roch vitriol vir aeris sulp vivi fullig forn an Ê’vi olei amygd dulcium anxungiae porci an â„¥ ii incorporentur simul in mortario fiat unguentum Som take the dung which lieth rotting in a sheep fold thay use that which is liquid and rub it upon the ulcerated places and lay a double cloath dipped in that liquor upon it But if the patient cannot bee cured with all these medicines and that you finde his body in som parts thereof troubled in like sort with crustie ulcers I would wish that his head might bee anointed with an ointment made of Axungia argentum vivum and a little Sulphur and then fit som emplastrum Vigonis cummercuiro into the fashion of a cap also som plaisters of the same may bee applied to the shoulders A contumacious scall must bee cured as wee cure the Lues venerea thighs legs so let him bee kept in a very warm chamber and all things don as if hee had the Lues venerea This kind of cure was first that I know of attempted by Simon Blanch the King's Surgeon upon a certain young man when as hee in vain had diligently tried all other usual medicines A scalled head oft-times appeareth verie loathsom to the eie casting forth virulent and stinking saines at the first it is hardly cured but being old far more difficultly For divers times it breaketh out afresh when you think it kill'd by reason of the impression of the malign putrefaction remaining in the part which wholly corrupt's the temper thereof Moreover oft-times beeing healed it hath left an Alopecia behinde it a great shame to the Surgeons Which is the reason that most of them judge it best to leave the cure thereof to Empericks and women CHAP. III. Of the Vertigo or Giddinesse THe Vertigo is a sudden darkning of the eyes and sight by a vaporous and hot spirit which ascendeth to the head by the sleepy arteries and fills the brain What the Vertigo is and the causes thereof disturbing the humors and spirits which are contained there and tossing them unequally as if one ran round or had drunk too much wine This hot spirit oft-times riseth from the heart upwards by the internal sleepy arteries to the Rete mirabile or wonderfull net otherwhiles it is generated in the brain it self being more hot than is fitting also it oft-times ariseth from the stomach spleen liver and other entrails being too hot The Signs The sign of this disease is the sudden darkning of the sight and the closing up as it were of the eyes the body being lightly turned about or by looking upon whee is running round or whirle-pits in waters or by looking down any deep or steep places If the original of the disease proceed from the brain the patients are troubled with the headache heaviness of the head and noise in the ears and oft-times they lose their smell Lib. 6. Paulus Aegineta for the cure bids us to open the arteries of the temples But if the matter of the disease arise from some other place as from some of the lower entrails such opening of an artery little availeth Wherefore then some skilfull Physician must be consulted with who may give directions for phlebotomy if the original of the disease proceed from the heat of the entrails by purging if occasioned by the foulness of the stomach But if such a Vertigo be a critical symptom of some acuse disease affecting the Crisis by vomit or bleeding A critical Vertigo then the whole business of freeing the patient thereof must be committed to nature CHAP. IV. Of the Hemicrania or Megrim THe Megrim is properly a disease affecting the one side of the head right or left It sometimes passeth no higher than the temporal muscles otherwhiles it reacheth to the top of the crown The cause of such pain proceedeth either from the veins and external arteries or from the Meninges or from the very substance of the brain or from the pericranium or the hairy scalp covering the pericranium or lastly from putrid vapours arising to the head from the ventricle womb or other inferiour member Yet an external cause may bring this affect to wit the too hot or cold constitution of the encompassing air drunkenness gluttony the use of hot and vaporous meats some noisom vapour or smoak as of Antimony quick silver or the like drawn up by the nose which is the reason that Goldsmiths and such as gild metals are commonly troubled with this disease But whensoever the cause of the evil proceedeth it is either a simple distemper or with matter with matter I say which again is either simple or compound Now this affect is either alone The differences or accompanied with other affects as inflammation and tension The heaviness of head argues plenty of humor pricking beating and tension shewes that there is a plenty of vapours mixed with the humors and shut up in the nervous arterious or membranous body of the head If the pain proceed from the inflamed Meninges a feaver followeth thereon especially if the humor causing pain do putrefie If the pain be superficiary it is seated in the pericranium If profound deep and piercing to the bottom of the eyes it is an argument that the meninges are affected and a feaver ensues if there be inflammation and the matter putrefie and then oft-times the tormenting pain is so great and grievous that the patient is afraid to have his head touched if it be but with your finger neither can he away with any noise or small murmuring nor light nor smells however sweet no nor the fume of Wine In what kinde of Megrim the opening of an Artery is good The pain is sometimes continual othetwhiles by fits If the cause of the pain proceed from hot thin and vaporous blood which will yield to no medecins a very necessary profitable and speedy remedy may be had by opening an artery in the temples whether the disease proceed from the internal or external vessels For hence alwayes ensueth an evacuation of the conjunct matter blood and spirits I have experimented this in many but especially in the Prince de la Roche-sur-you His Physicians when he was
or else eaten away and consumed by acrid and catheretick medicins in performance of which there is need of great moderation of the minde and hand For it is a part endued with most exquisite sence and near the brain wherefore by handling it too roughly there is fear of distension of the nerves and consequently of death Sometimes also the preternatural falling of some strange bodies into this passage maketh a stopping of the ears such as are fragments of stone gold silver iron and the like metals pearls cherry-stones or kernels pease and other such like pulse Now solid and bony bodies still retain the same magnitude but pease seeds and kernels by drawing the moisture there implanted into them swell up and cause vehement pain by the distension of the neighbouring parts wherefore the sooner they are drawn forth the better it is for the patient This shall be done with small pincers and instruments made in the shape of ear-picks But if you profit nothing thus then must you use such gimblets as are made for the drawing forth of bullets shot deep into the bodie Little stones and bodies of the like stonie hardness shall be forced forth by the brain provoked to concussion by sneesing The concussive force of sneesing and by dtopping some oil of almonds first into the passage of the ear that the way may be the more slippery for it will come to pass by this sneesing or violence of the internal air forcibly seeking passage out that at length they may be cast forth the mouth and nostrils being stopped with the hand But if we cannot thus prevail it remains that we cut open the passage with an incision-knife so much as shall be sufficient for the putting in and using of an instrument for to extract them If any creeping things of little creatures as fleas ticks pismires gnats and the like which sometimes happeneth shall get therein you may kill them by dropping in a little oil and vinegar There is a certain little creeping thing which for piercing and getting into the ears the French call Perse-oreille we an ear-wig This if it chance to get into the ear may be killed by the foresaid means you may also catch it or draw it forth by laying half an apple to your ear as a bait for it CHAP. XXIV Of getting of little bones and such like things out of the jaws and throat SOmetimes little bones and such like things in eating greedily use to stick The cure different according to the places where they stick or as it were fasten themselves in the jaws oâ— throat Such bodies if you can come to the sight of them shall be taken out with long slender and crooked mallets made like a Cranes-beak If they do not appear nor there be no means to take them forth they shall be cast forth by causing vomit or with swallowing a crust of bread or a drie fig gently chawed and so swallowed or else they shall be thrust down into the stomack or plucked back with a leek or some other such long and stiff crooked bodie anointed with oil and thrust down the throat If any such like thing shall get into the weazon you must cause coughing by taking sharp things or else sneesing so to cast forth whatsoever is there troublesome CHAP. XXV Of the Tooth-ache OF all pains The Tooth-ach a most cruel pain there is none which more cruelly tormenteth the patients then the Tooth-ache For we see them oft-times after the manner of other bones to suffer inflammation which will quickly suppurate and they become rotten and at length fall away piece-meal for we see them by daily experience to be eaten and hollowed and to breed worms some portion of them putrefying The cause of such pain is either internal or external and primitive The internal is a hot or cold defluxion of humors upon them filling their sockets The cause thereof and thence consequently driving out the teeth which is the reason thar they stand sometimes so far forth that the patient neither dares nor can make use of them to chaw for fear of pain for that they are loose in their sockets by the relaxation of the gums caused by the falling down of the defluxion When as they are rotten and perforated even to the roots if any portion of the liquor in drinking fall into them they are pained as if you thrust in a pin or bodkin the bitterness of the pain is such The signs of a hot defluxion are sharp and pricking pain The signs of this or that defluxion as if needles were thrust into them a great pulsation in the root of the pained tooth and the temples and some ease by the use of cold things Now the signs of a cold defluxion are a great heavinesse of the head much and frequent spitting some mitigation by the use of hot remedies In the bitternesse of pain we must not presently run to Tooth-drawers or cause them presently to go in hand to pluck them out First consult a Physician who may prescribe remedies according to the variety of the causes Now here are three intensions of curing The first is concerning diet the other for the evacuation of the defluxion or antecedent cause Three scopes of curing the third for the application of proper remedies for the asswaging of pain The two former scopes to wit of diet and diâ—eâ—ting the defluxion by purging phlebotomie application of cupping-glasses to the neck and shoulders and scarification do absolutely belong to the Physician Now for proper and to pick medicines they shall be chosen contrary to the cause Wherefore in a hot cause it is good washing the mouth with the juice of pomgranats plantain-water A cold and repercussive lotion for the mouth a little vinegar wherein roses balaustiae and sumach have been boiled But such things as shall be applyed for the mitigating of the pain of the teeth ought to be things of very subtle parts for that the teeth are parts of dense consistence Therefore the ancients have alwaies mixed vinegar in such kind of remedies â„ž rosar rub sumach hordei an m. ss seminis hyoscyami canquassatiÊ’ii santalorum an Ê’i lactucae summitatum rubi solani plantaginis an m. ss bulliant omnia in aquae lb. iiii pauco aceto ad hordei crepaturam Wash the mouth with such a decoction being warm You may also make Trochises for the same purpose after this manner â„ž sem hyosciami Trochises for a hot defluxion sandarachae coriandri opii an Ê’ ss terantur cum aceto incorporentur formenturque trochisci apponendi dentibus dolentibus Or else â„ž seminis portulacae hyoscyami coriandri lentium corticis santali citrini rosar rub pyrethri camphorae an Ê’ ss let them all be beaten together with strong vinegar and made into trochises with which being dissolved in rose-water let the gums and whole mouth be washed when need requireth But if the pain be not asswaged with these you
shall come to narcoticks which may stupefie the nerve as â„ž seminis hyoscyami albi Narroticks opii camphorae papaveris aâ—lbi an quantum sussicit coquantur cum sapâ denti applicentur Besides you must also put this following medicine into the ear of the pained side â„ž opii castorei an ℈ i. misceantur cum oleo rosato It hath sometimes availed in swoln and distended gums being first lightly scarified to have applied leeches for the evacuation of the conjunct matter as also to have opened the veins under the tongue or these which are behinde the ears For I remember that I by these three kindes of remedies asswaged great pains of the teeth Yet there be some who in this affect open not these veins which are behind the ears but those which are conspicuous in the hole of the ear in the upper part thereof Pain of the teeth ariseing from a cold cause and defluxion may be helped by these remedies boil rosemarie sage and pellitorie of Spain in wine and vinegar and add thereto a little aqua vitae in this liquor dissolve a little treacle and wash your teeth therewith Others mingle gum ammoniacum dissolved in aqua vitae with a little sandarachae and myrrh and lay it to the pained tooth after Vigoe's counsel Mesne thinks that beaten garlick carried in the right or left hand asswages the pain as the teeth ake upon the right or left side But I being once troubled with grievous pain in this kind followed the counsel of a certain old woman and laid garlick rosted under the embers to my pained tooth and the pain forthwith ceased The same remedy used to others troubled with the like affect had like success Moreover some thinke it availeable if it be put into the auditory passage Others drop into the ears oil of castoreum or of cloves or some such other chymical oil It is good also to wash the teeth with the following decoction â„ž rad pyrethriÊ’ ss menthae rutae an p. i. bulliant in aeceto and with this decoction being warm Hot fumes wash the teeth Some like fumes better and they make them of the Seeds of Colloqnintida and mustard and other like they take the smoak by holding their mouths over a funnel Other som boil pellitorie of Spain ginger cinnamon alum common salt nutmegs cypress-nuts anise and mustard seeds and euphorbium in oxycrate and in the end of the decoction add a little aqua vitae and receive the vapor thereof through a funnel as also they wash their teeth with the decoction and put cotton dipped therein into the ear first dropping in a little thereof Some there are which affirm that to wash the teeth with a decoction of Spurge is a very good and anodine medicine in the tooth-ach Vesicatories I have oft-times asswaged intollerable pains of the teeth by applying vesicatories under the ear to wit in that cavity whereas the lower jaw is articulated with the upper for the vein arterie and sinew which are distributed to the roots of the teeth lie thereunder Wherefore the blisters being opened a thin liquor runs out which doth not only cause but also nourish or seed the disease But if the tooth be hollowed and that the patient will not have it pull'd out Causticks there is no speedier remedy then to put in caustick medicines as oil of vitriol aqua fortis and also an hot iron for thus the nerv is burnt in sunder and loseth its sense Yet some affirm that the milkie juice that flows from Spurge made into a paste with olibanum and amylum and put into the hollowed tooth will make it presently to tall away in pieces When the gums and cheeks are swoln with a manifest tumor then the patient begins to be somewhat better and more at ease For so by the strength of nature the tumor causing the pain is carried from within outwards But of what nature soever the matter which causeth the pain be it is convenient to intercept the course thereof with Empl. contra rupturam made with pitch and mastick and applied to the temple on that side where the tooth aketh CHAP. XXVI Of other affects of the Teeth THe teeth are also troubled with other preternatural affects For sometimes they shake by relaxation of the gums or else become corrupt and rotten or have worms in them or else are set on edg For the first the gums are relaxed either by an external or primitive cause Causes of loosness of the teeth as a fall or blow or else by an internal or antecedent as by the defluxion of acrid or waterish humors from the brain or through want of nourishment in old bodies If the teeth grow loose by the means of the decaying gums the diseas is then uncureable but you may withstand the other causes by the use of such things as fasten the teeth shunning on the contrary such as may loosen them Therefore the Patient must not speak too earnestly neither chew hard things If they become loose by a fall or blow they must not be taken forth but restored and fastned to the next that remain firm for in time they will be confirmed in their sockets as I tried in Antonie de la Rue a Tailor who had his jaw broken with the pommel of a dagger A History and three of his teeth loosened and almost shaken out of their sockets the jaw being restored the teeth were also put in their places and bound to the rest with a double waxed thred for the rest I fed the Patient with broths gellies and the like and I made astringent gargarisms of cypress-nuts myrtle-berries and a little alom boyled in oxycrate and I wished him to hold it a good while in his mouth by these means I brought it so to pass that he within a while after could chew as easily upon those teeth as upon the other I heard it reported by a credible person that he saw a Lady of the prime Nobility who in stead of a rotten tooth she drew made a sound tooth drawn from one of her waiting-maids at the same time to be substituted and inserted which tooth in process of time as it were taking root grew so firm that she could chew upon it as well as upon any of the rest But as I formerly said I have this but by hear-say Now the teeth are coroded or eaten in by an acrid and thin humour penetrating by a plenteous and frequent defluxion even to their roots and being there contained The caus s of hollow teeth it putrefies and becoming more acrid it doth not onely draw the teeth into the contagion of its putrefaction but also perforates and corrodes them The putrefaction may be corrected if after general medicines The cure you put oil of vitriol or aqua fortis into the hole of the eaten tooth or else if you burn the tooth it self to the root with a small iron wier being red hot you shall
the greater guts it is called the Colick What Ileâ—s or illiaca passio is What Celica passio or the Colick is Lib. 3. Lib. 3. c. 43. from the part affected which is the Colon that is the continuitie of the greater guts but especially that portion of the greater guts which is properly and especially named Colon or the Colick-gut Therefore Avicen rightly defines the Colick A pain of the guts wherein the excrements are difficultly evacuated by the fundament Paulus Aegineta reduceth all the causes of the Colick how various soever to four heads to wit to the grosness or toughness of the humors impact in the coats of the guts flatulencies hindred from passage forth the inflammation of the guts and lastly the collection of acrid and biteing humors Now we will treat of each of these in particular Almost the same causes produce the grosness of humors and flatulencies in the guts to wit the use of flatulent and phlegmatick tough and viscid meats yea also of such as are of good nourishment if sundrie thereof and of sundry kindes be eaten at the same meal and in greater quantity then is fit For hence crudity and obstruction and at length the collection of flatulencies whereon a tensive pain ensues This kinde of Colick is also caused by the use of crude fruits and too cold drink drunken especially when any is too hot by exercise or any other way for thus the stomach and the guts continued thereto are refrigerated and the humors and excrements therein contained are congealed and as it were bound up The manner of the stone-colick The colick which is caused by the inflammation of the kidnies happens by the sympathie of the reins pained or troubled with the stone or gravel contained in them or the ureters Therefore then also pain troubles the patient at his hips and loins because the nerves which arising from the vertebrae of the loins are oppressed by the weight of the stones and gravel about the joint of the hip are disseminated into the muscles of the loins and thigh Also the ureters are pained for they seem nothing else but certain hollow nerves and also the cremaster muscles so that the patient's testicles may seem to be drawn upwards with much violence Hence great phlegmatick and cholerick vomiting and sweat of the whole body all which do not surcease before that the stone or gravel shall be forced down into the bladder Now vomiting happens in this affect for that the ventricle by reason of its continuitie and neighborhood which it hath with the guts suffers by consent or sympathie For the stomach is of the same kinde or matter as the guts are so that the guts seem nothing else but a certain production of the stomach Therefore if at any time nature endeavor to expel any thing that is troublesome in the kidnies ureters coats of the guts mesenterie pancreas and hypochondries it causeth a Colick with pain and vomiting An hot and drie distemper also causeth the Collick produceing a pricking and biteing pain by drying the excrements shut up in the guts How a hot distemper causeth the colick as also by wasting as it were the radical humors of that place provided for the lubricateing of the guts Acrid viscid and tough phlegm causeth the same There is also another cause of the Colick which is not so common to wit the twineing of the guts that is when they are so twined folded The folding of the guts the cause of the colick and doubled that the excrements as it were bound in their knots cannot be expelled as it manifestly happens in the rupture called Enterocele by the falling of the guts into the cod Likewise also worms generated in the Colick-gut whilst that they mutually fold or twine themselves up do also twine the Colon it self and fold it with them Also the too long stay of the excrements in the guts whether it shall happen by the peculiar default of the too hot and drie body of the patient or by his diet that is the use of too drie meats or exercises and pains taken in the heat of the sun or by the greatness of businesse the minde being carried away causeth the colick with head-ach and plenty of vapors flying upwards I remember I once dissected the body of a boy of some twelve years old An history who had his guts folded with many as it were ties or knots of the restrained too hard and drie excrements the which he cast out by his mouth a little before his death which brought him to his end being not helped in time by fitting medicines Now these are the causes of the colick according to the opinion of the ancient and modern Physicians of whose signs I judg it not amiss here to treat in particular You shall know the patient is troubled with the stone-colick Signs whereby we know that the colick proceeds from this for that cause by the pain which is fixed and as it were kept in one place to wit of the kidnies by his former manner of life as if the patient hath formerly voided stones or gravell together with his urine by the pain of the hips and testicles for the formerly mentioned causes and lastly by that the patient casteth forth by stone or urine for that the great and laborious endeavor of nature to cast forth the stone which is in the kidnies is propagated by a certain sympathie and like study of the neighboring parts stirring up the expulsive faculties each to his work The signs of a flatulent colick are a tensive pain such as if the guts were rent or torn in pieces together with a noise or rumbling in the bellie The force of the shut-up winde is sometimes so great that it rendeth or teareth the guts in â—â—nder no otherwise then a swines bladder too hard blown up Which when it happens the patient dies with much vomiting because the stomach opprest with winde can contain not imbrace no meat The colick which is occasioned by the too long keeping in of the excrements is accompanied with the weight and pain of the bellie the tension of the guts head-ach apparent hardness of the bellie and the complaint of the patient that he hath not gone to stool in a long time That which proceeds from a cholerick inflammation yields a sense of great heat and puâ—sation in the midst of the bellie by reason of the veins and arteries which are in the pancreas and coats of the guts and there are the other signs of a Phlegmon although also this as it were inflammation may arise also from salt acrid and viscous phlegm which nature can neither expel upwares by vomit nor downwards by stool this sundry times is assoâ—iated with a difficulty of making water for that when as the right gut is inflamed the bladder is pâ—essed by reason of their society or neighborhood The collick which proceeds from the contoâ—â—on of the guts shews it self by the excessive crueltie of the
pain arising for that the guts are not in their due site and plâ—ce and because the excrements by their too long detension acquiâ—e a preternatural heat and this is the cause of the death of many such as have ruptures for that the gut falling down from the natural place into the cod being a pâ—eternatural place is redoubled and kept there as it were bound whereby the excrements being baked becoming more acridly hot cause inflammation and by raising up flatulencies increase the distension through all the guts untill at length a deadly Heâ—s or colick arising they come forth at the mouth Avicen lib 3. Hip aphoâ— 10. seâ—t 4. For prognosticks it is bettter to have the pain in the colick to wander up and down then to be fixed it is good also that the excrements are not wholly supprest But the evill signs that are here pronounce the affect either difficult or deadly Now these shew that it is deadly intolerable tormenting pain continual vomiting cold sweat coldness of the extreme parts hicketing by reason of the sympathie the stomack hath with the guts a phâ—ensâ—e by the consent of the brain with the stomach and oft-times a convulsion by drawing the matter into the news But such as have gripeing and pain about their navill and loins which can neither be helped by medicine nor otheâ—wise The cure it ends in a dropsie The cure must be diversified according to the varietie of the causes for the stone-collick is cured by medicines proper to the stone that which is caused by an Enterâ—cele is cured by the only restoreing the gut to its place that which is occasioned by worms requires medicines fit to kill and cast forth the worms But that which proceeds from the weakness and refrigeration of the guts and stomack is cured by heating and strengthening medicines as well applyed outwardly as taken inwardly by the mouth or otherwaies The beginning of the cure of that which is occasioned by tough phlegm and flatulencies is by the mitigation of the pain seeing there is nothing which more dejects the powers then pain To this purpose shall you provide baths Baths and anodine fomentations Semicupia fomentations of mallows marsh-mallows violet leavs penie-royal fennel Origanum the seeds of thyme and fenugreek flowers of camomil melilote and other such like which have power to heat drie attenuate and rarifie the skin so to dissipate the winde But all such must be actually hot Also the belly may be anointed with this following ointment An ointment â„ž olei chamoem aneth butyr recent an â„¥ i. sem apii petros galang an Ê’ ss aq vitae ol salviae aut thymi chimici extract q. s The following liniment is much commended by Hollerius â„ž olei rut nardi anÊ’ vi galbani cum aq vit dissolutiÊ’ ii liquefactis simul adde zibetae gr iiii croci gr vi fiat linimentum Also little bags made with millet oats and salt fried with a little white wine in a fâ—ying-pan shall be applied hot upon the bellie and flanks and renewed before they grow cold You may in stead of these bags use ox-bladders half filled with a decoction of resolving things as salt rosemâ—ry thyme lavender bay-berries and the like then inject a glyster being thus made â„ž quatuor â—mel an m. i. orig puleg. calamenth an m. ss anisi carui an m. ss fier anâ—than p. i. bulliant in hydromele ad lb. i. n quâ dissolve bened laxat mellis anthosati sacc rub an â„¥ i olei aneth chamaem an â„¥ i ss Let a glyster be made to be injected at twice Why glisters in the collick must be given in less quantitie for the guts being stretched out cannot contain the accustomed dâ—sis of a glyster Also this following glyster is much approved â„ž vini malvat. olei nucum an â„¥ iii. aq vitae â„¥ i olei juniperi rut per quintum essent extract an Ê’ iii Let this be injected as hot as the patient can endure I have oft-times as by miracle helped intolerable pain caused by the winde collick and phlegm with this glyster Avicen prescribes a carminative glyster made of hyssop origanum acorus anis-seeds and English galengal Let the patient feed upon meats of good juice and easie digestion as broths made with the yolks of eggs saffron hot herbs and a nutmeg let him drink good wine as Muscadine or hypocras made with good wine so to heat the stomach and guts For in Galen's opinion all windiness is generated by a remiss heat But if the pain shall continue a large cupping-glass shall be applied to the navel to draw and dissipate the windiness the bellie shall be bound with strong and broad ligatures to strengthen the guts and discuss the matter of flatulencies The patients taught by nature Specifick medicines use this remedie whilst none admonishing them they press the belly with their hands in the bitterness of pain But if the pain cannot be thus appeased we must come to such medicines as work by an occult property as the dried gut of a Wolf for a dram thereof made into powder is given in wine with good success The cure of a cholerick collick That colick which is caused by a cholerick inflammation requires contrary medicines to wit blood-letting and a refrigerating diet potions made of Diacatholicon and Cassia dissolved in barlie-water also cooling glysters Avicen prescribes narcoticks for that being cold they are contrarie to the morbifick cause which is hot and drie such are pills of Philonium Also pills of Hyera picra in the quantity of ℈ iv with opium and saffron of each one grain may be used Also baths are appointed made of water wherein mallows marsh-mallows violet-leaves flowers of white lilies lettuce purslain have been boiled to correct the acrimonie of the cholerick and hot humors whence the disease symptom ariseth That colick which is like to this and proceeds from salt acrid thick and tough phlegm is cured the humor being first attenuated and diffused and at length evacuated by medicines taken by the mouth and otherwise according to the prescription of the learned Physician But Avicen cures that which is occasioned by the suppression of the hardened excrements and twâ—neing of them by meats which have an emollient faculty such as humecting broths as that which is made of an old cock tired with running and threshed to death and so boiled with dill polypodie and a little salt untill the flesh fall from the bones also he useth detergent glysters such as this which follows â„ž betae m. i furfuris p. i. ficus nu x. alth m. i. fiat decoctio ad lb. i. in quà dissolve nitri muriae an Ê’ ii sacc â„¥ i. ol sesamini â„¥ ii But if the obstruction be more contumacious you must use more powerful ones made ex cyclamin centaurio hiera diacol cinth an Ê’ ii But if the obstruction do notwithstanding remain so that the excrements
her senses did speak discourse and had no convulsion How an Epileptick fit differs from the Gout Neither did she spare any cost or diligence whereby she might be cured of her disease by the help of Physicians or famous Surgeons she consulted also with Witches Wizzards and Charmers so that she had left nothing unattempted but all art was exceeded by the greatness of the diâ— ease When I had shewed all these things at our consultation we all with one consent were of this opinion to apply a potential Cautery to the grieved part or the tumor I my self applied it after the fall of the Eschar very black and virulent sanies flowed out which free'd the woman of her pain and disease for ever after Whence you may gather that the cause of so great evil was a certain venerate malignity hurting rather by an inexplicable qualitie then quality which being overcome and evacuated by the Cauterie all pain absolutely ceased Upon the like occasion but on the right arm the wife of the Queen's Coach-man at Amboise consulted Chappellain Castellan and mee earnestly craving ease of her pain for shee was so grievously tormented by fits that through impatiency being careless of her self she endeavoured to cast her self headlong out of her chamber window for fear whereof she had a guard put upon her We judged that the like monster was to be assaulted with the like weapon neither were we deceived for useing a potential Cautery this had like success as the former Wherefore the bitterness of the pain of the gout is not occasioned by the onely weakness of the joints for thus the pain should be continual and alwaies like it self neither is it from the distemper of a simple humor for no such thing happen's in other tumors of what kinde soever they be but it proceed's from a venenate malign occult and inexplicable qualitie of the matter wherefore this disease stand's in need of a diligent Physician and a painful Surgeon CHAP. III. Of the manifest causes of the Gout The first primitive cause of the Gout ALthough these things may be true which we have delivered of the occult cause of the Gout yet there be and are vulgarly assigned others of which a probable reason may be rendred wherein this malignity whereof we have spoke lies hid and is seated Therefore as of many other diseases so also of the Gout there are assigned three causes that is the primitive antecedent and conjunct the primitive is twofold one drawn from their first original and their mother's womb which happen's to such as are generated of Goutie parents chiefly if whilst they were conceived this gouty matter did actually abound and fall upon the joynts For the seed fall's from all the parts of the Body as saith Hippocrates and Aristotle affirm's lib. de gen animal Lib. 〈◊〉 loc aqua 〈◊〉 1. cap. 17. Yet this causes not an inevitable necessity of haveing the Gout for as many begot of sound and healthful parents are taken by the Gout by their proper and primary default so many live free from this disease whose fathers notwithstanding were troubled therewith It is probable that they have this benefit and priviledge by the goodnesse of their Mothers seed and the laudable temper of the womb whereof the one by the mixture and the other by the gentle heat may amend and correct the faults of the paternal seed for otherwise the disease would become hereditary and gouty persons would necessarily generate gouty for the seed followeth the temper and complexion of the party generating as it is shewed by Avicen Another primitive cause is from inordinate diet especially in the use of meat drink exercise and Venery Lib. 3. seu 22. tâ—act 2. cap. 5. Anothâ—r primitive cause of the Gout Lastly by unprofitable humors which are generated and heaped up in the body which in process of time acquire a virulent malignity for these fill the head with vapors raised up from them when the membranes nerves and tendons and consequently the joynts become more lax and weak They offend in feeding who eat much meat and of sundry kinds at the same meal who drink strong wâ—ne without any mixture who sleep presently after meat and which use not moderate exercises for hence a plentitude an obstruction of the vessels cruditites the increase of excrements especially serous Which if they flow down unto the joynts without doubt they cause this disease for the joynts are weak either by nature or accident in comparison of the other parts of the body by nature as if they be loose and soft from their first original by accident as by a blow fall hard travelling running in the sun by day in the cold by night racking too frequent Venery especially suddenly after meat for thus the heat is dissolved by reason of the dissipation of the spirits caused in the effusion of seed whence many crude humors which by an unseasonable motion are sent into the sinews and joynts Through this occasion old men because their native heat is the more weak are commonly troubled with the Gout Besides also the suppression of excrements accustomed to be avoided at certain times as the courses hemorhoids vomit scouring Aâ—â—h 19 Sect. 9. causeth this disease Hence it is that in the opinion of Hippocrates A woman is not troubled with the Gout unless her courses fail her They are in the same case who have old and running ulcers suddenly healed or varices cut and healed unless by a strict course of diet they hinder the generation and increase of accustomed excrements Also those which recover of great and long diseases unless they be fully and perfectly purged either by nature or art these humors falling into the joynts which are the reliques of the disease make them to become gouty and thus much for the primitive cause The internal or antecedent cause is the abundance of humors The â—ntecedent cause of the Gout the largeness of the vessels and passages which run to the joynts the strength of the amandating bowels the loosness softness and imbecilitie of the reviving joynts The conjunct cause is the humor it self repact and shut up in the capacities and cavities of the joynts The conjunct Now the unprofitable humor on every side sent down by the strength of the expulsive faculty sooner lingers about the joynts for that they are of a cold nature and dense so that once impact in that place Five causes of the pain of the Gout it cannot be easily digested and resolved This humor then causeth pain by reason of distention or solution of continuity distemper and besides the virulency and malignity which it requires But it savors of the nature sometimes of one somtimes of more humors whence the Gout is either phlegmous erysipilatous oedematous or mix't The concourse of flatulencies together with the flowing down humors and as it were tumult by the hinderance of transpiration encreaseth the dolorifick distention in the membranes
appetite whereby they require many and several things without reason a great part of the nourishment being consumed by the worms lying there they are also subject to often fainting by reason of the sympathy which the stomach being a part of most exquisite sense hath with the heart the nose itches the breath stinks by reason of the exhalations sent up from the meat corrupting in the stomach through which occasion they are also given to sleep but are now and then waked there-from by sudden startings and fears they are held with a continued and slow fever a dry cough a winking with their eye-lids and often changeing of the colour of their faces But long and broad worms being the innates of the greater guts Signs of worms in the great guts Signs of Ascarides shew themselves by stools replenished with many sloughs here and there resembling the seeds of a Musk-melon or Cucumber Ascarides are known by the itching they cause in the fundament causing a sense as if it were Ants running up and down causing also a tenasmus and falling down of the fundament This is the cause of all these symptoms their sleep is turbulent and often clamorous when as hot acrid and subtill vapors raised by the worms from the like humor and their food are sent up to the head but sound sleep by the contrary as when a misty vapor is sent up from a gross and cold matter They dream they eat in their sleep for that while the worms do more greedily consume the chylous matter in the guts they stir up the sense of the like action in the phantasie They grate or gnash their teeth by reason of a certain colvulsifick repletion the muscles of the temples and jaws being distended by plenty of vapors A dry cough comes by the consent of the vitall parts serving for respiration which the natural to wit the Diaphragma or midriffe smit upon by acrid vapors and irritated as though there were some humor to be expelled by coughing These same acrid sumes assailing the orifice of the ventricle cause either an hicketting or else a fainting according to the condition of their consistence gross or thin these carried up to the parts of the face cause an itching of the nose a darkness of the sight and a sudden changeing of the colour in the cheeks Great worms are worse then little ones red then white living then dead many then few variegated then those of one colour as those which are signs of a greater corruption Why worms of divers colors are more dangerous Such as are cast forth bloody and sprinkled with blood are deadly for they shew that the substance of the guts is eaten asunder for oftimes they corrode and perforate the body of the gut wherein they are contained and thence penetrate into divers parts of the belly so that they have come forth sometimes at the navel having eaten themselves a passage forth as Hollerius affirmeth When as children troubled with the worms draw their breath with difficulty and wax moist over all their bodies it is a sign that death is at hand If at the beginning of sharp fevers round worms come forth alive it is a sign of a pestilent fever the malignity of whose matter they could not endure but were forced to come forth But if they be cast forth dead they are signs of greater corruption in the humors and of a more venenate malignity CHAP. V. What cure to be used for the Worms The general indications of cureing the worms IN this disease there is but one indication that is the exclusion or casting out of the worms either alive or dead forth of the body as being such that in their whole kind are against nature all things must be shunned which are apt to heap up putrefaction in the body by their corruption such as are crude fruits cheese milk-meats fishes and lastly such things as are of a difficult and hard digestion but prone to corruption Pap is fit for children for that they require moist things but these ought to answer in a certain similitude to the consistence and thickness of milk that so they may be the more easily concocted and assimilated and such only is that pap which is made with wheat flower not crude but baked in an oven that the pap made therewith may not be too viscid nor thick if it should only be boiled in a pan as much as the milk would require or else the milk would be too terrestrial or too waterish all the fatty portion thereof being resolved the cheesie and wayish portion remaining if it should boil so much as were necessary for the full boiling of the crude meat they which use meal otherwise in pap yield matter for the generating of gross and viscid humors in the stomach whence happens obstruction in the first veins and substance of the liver by obstruction worms breed in the guts and the stone in the kidnies and bladder The patient must be fed often and with meats of good juice lest the worms through want of nourishment should gnaw the substance of the guts Now when as such things breed of a putrid matter the patient shall be purged and the putrefaction represt by medicines mentioned in our Treatise of the Plague Wherefore and wherewith such as have the worms must be purged For the quick killing and casting of them forth syrup of succory or of Lemmons with rubarb a little treacle or methridate is a singular medicine if there be no fever you may also for the same purpose use this following medicine â„ž cornu cervi pul rasur ebâ—ris an Ê’i ss sem tanacet contra verm an Ê’i fiat decoctio pro parvâ dosi in colaturâ infunde rhei optimi Ê’i cinam ℈ i. dissolve syrupi de absinthio â„¥ ss make a potion give it in the morning three hours before any broth Oil of Olives drunk kills worms as also water of knot-grass drunk with milk and in like manner all bitter things Yet I could first wish them to give a glyster made of milk hony and sugar without oils and bitter things lest shunning thereof they leave the lower guts and come upwards for this is natural to worms to shun bitter things and follow sweet things Whence you may learn that to the bitter things which you give by the mouth you must alwaies mix sweet things that allured by the sweetness they may devour them more greedily that so they may kill them Harâ—s horn good against the worms Therefore I would with milk and suger mix the seeds of centaury Rue wormwood aloes and the like harts-horn is very effectual against worms wherefore you may infuse the shaveings thereof in the water or drink that the patient drinks as also to boil some thereof in his broths So also treacle drunk or taken in broth killeth the worms purslain boiled in broths and distilled and drunk is also good against the worms as also succory and mints also a
remained dumb some three years An history It happened on a time that as he was in the field with reapers he drinking in a wooden dish was tickled by some of the standers by not enduring the tickling he suddenly broke out into articulate and intellegible words He himself wondring thereat and delighted with the novelty of the thing as a miracle put the same dish to his mouth just in the same manner as before and then he spake so plainly and articulately that he might be understood by them all Wherefore a long time following he alwaies carried this dish in his bosom to utter his mind untill at length necessity the mistress of arts and giver of wit inducing him he caused a wooden instrument to be neatly cut and made for him like that which is here delienated which he alwaies carried hanging at his neck as the only interpreter of his mind and the key of his speech An instrument made to supply the defect of the speech when the tongue is cut off The use of the Instrument is this A. sheweth the upper part of it which was of the thickness of a nine-pence which he did so hold between his cutting teeth that it could not come out of his mouth not be seen B. sheweth the lower part as thick as a six-pence which he did put hard to the rest of his tongue close to the membranous ligament which is under the tongue That place which is deprest and somewhat hollowed marked with the letter C. is the inner part of the instrument D. sheweth the outside of the same He hanged it about his neck with the string that is tied thereto Textor the Physitian of Bourges shewed me this instrument and I my self made trial thereof on a young man whose tongue was cut off and it succeeded well and took very good effect And I think other Surgeons in such cases may do the like CHAP. VI. Of covering or repairing certain defects or defaults in the face IT oftentimes happeneth that the face is deformed by the sudden flashing of Gun-powder or by a pestilent Carbuncle so that one cannot behold it without great horror Such persons must be so trimmed and ordered that they may come in seemly manner into the company of others The lips if they be either cut off with a sword or deformed with the erosion or eating of a pestilent Carbuncle or ulcerated Cancer so that the teeth may be seen to lie bare with great deformity If the loss or consumption of the lip be not very great it may be repaired by that way which we have prescribed in the cure of hare-lips or of an ulcerated Cancer But if it be great then must there be a lip of gold made for it so shadowed and counterfeited that it may not be much unlike in colour to the natural lip and it must be fastned and tied to the haâ— or cap that the patient weareth on his head that so it may remain stable and firm CHAP. VII Of the defects of the Ears SUch as want their Ears either naturally or by misfortune as through a wound carbuncle cancer or the biting of wild beasts if so be that the Ear be not wholly wanting wasted consumed or torn away but that some portion thereof doth yet remain then must it not be neglected but must have many holes made therein with a bodkin and after that the holes are cicatrized let some convenient thing made like unto the piece of the Ear that is â—ost be tied or fastned unto it by these holes But if the Ear be wholly wanting another must be made of paper artificially glewed together or else of leather and so fastned with laces from the top or hinder part of the head that it may stand in the appointed place and so the hair must be permitted to grow long or else some cap worn under the hat which may hide or cover the deformity unless you had rather have it to be shadowed or counterfeited by some Painter that thereby it may resemble the colour of a natural Ear and so retain it in the place where it ought to stand with a rod or wier comming from the top or hinder part of the head as we have spoken before in the loss of â—he Eie and the form thereof is this CHAP. VIII Of amending the deformity of such as are crock-backt THe bodies of many especially young Maids or Girls by reason that they are more moist and tender then the bodies of Boyes are made crooked in process of time especially by the wrenching aside and crookedness of the back-bone Causes of crookedness It hath many causes that is to say in the first conformation in the womb and afterwards by misfortune as a fall bruise or any such like accident but especially by the unhandsome and undecent situation of their bodies when they are young and tender either in carrying sitting or standing and especially when they are taught to go too soon saluting sewing writing or in doing any such like thing In the mean while that I may not omit the occasion of crookedness that happens seldom to the Country-people but is much incident to the inhabitants of great Towns and Cities which is by reason of the straightness and narrowness of the garments that are worn by them which is occasioned by the folly of mothers who while they covet to have their young daughters bodies so small in the middle as may be possible pluck and draw their bones awry and make them crooked For the ligaments of the back-bone being very tender soft and moist at that age cannot stay it straight and strongly but being pliant easily permits the spondels to slip awry inwards outwards or side-wise as they are thrust or forced The remedy for this deformity is to have breast-plates of iron full of holes all over them whereby they may be lighter to wear and they must be so lined with bombaste that they may huâ—t no place of the body Every three months new plates must be made for those that are not yet arrived at their full growth for otherwise by the daily afflux of more matter they would become worse But these plates will do them small good that are already at their full growth The form of an iron Breast-plate to amend the crookedness of the Body CHAP. IX How to relieve such as have their urine flow from them against their wills and such as want their yards IN those that have the Strangury of what cause soever that malady commeth the urine passeth from them by drops against their wills and consent This accident is very grievous and troublesome especially to men that travell and for their sakes only I have invented the instrument here beneath described It is made like unto a close breech or hose it must be of latin An inâ—â— for such as cannot hold their water and to contain some four ounces it must be put into the patients hose betwixt his thighs unto which it must be tied with a
be under-layed whither the foot did incline before it was restord The form of little Boots whereof the one is open and the other shut CHAP. XII By what means Arms Legs and Hands may bee made by art and placed in stead of the natural Arms Legs or Hands that are cut off and lost NEcessitie oftentimes constrain's us to finde out the means whereby wee may help and imitate nature and supplie the defect of members that are perished and lost And hereof it cometh that wee may perform the functions of going standing and handling with arms and hands made by art and undergo our necessarie flexions and extensions with both of them I have gotten the forms of all those members made so by art and the proper names of all the Engines and Instuments whereby those artificially made are called to my great cost and charges of a most ingenuous and excellent Smith dwelling at Paris who is called of those that know him and also of strangers by no other name than the little Lorain and here I have caâ—ssed them to be portraied or set down that those that stand in need of such things after the example of them may caus som Smith or such like work-man to serv them in the like case They are not onely profitable for the necessitie of the bodie but also for the decencie and comliness thereof And here followeth their forms The form of an Hand made artificially of iron This figure following sheweth the back-side of an Hand artificially made and so that it may bee tied to the arm or sleev The form of an Arm made of iron verie artificially The description of Leggs made artificially of iron The form of a wodden Leg made for poor men A. Sheweth the stump or stock of the woodden Leg. BB. Sheweth the two staies which must bee on both sides of the Leg the shorter of them must bee on the inner side CC. sheweth the pillow or â—â—lster whereon the knee must rest in the bottom betweene the two staies that so it may rest the softer DD. Sheweth the thongs or girths with their round buckles put through the two staies on either side to stay the knee in his place firm and immoovable that it slip not aside E. Sheweth the thigh it self that you may know after what fashion it must stand It happen's also manie times that the patient that had the nervs or tendons of his Leg wounded long after the wound is whole and consolidated cannot go but with verie great pain and torment by reason that the foot cannot follow the muscle that should draw it up That this maladie may bee remedied you ought to fasten a linnen band made verie strong unto the shoo that the patient weareth on that his pained foot and at the knee it must have a slit where the knee may com forth in bowing of the Leg and it must bee trussed up fast unto the patient 's middle that it may the better lift up and erect the foot in going This band is marked in the figure following with the letters AA CHAP. XIII Of amending or helping lameness or halting HAlting is not only a great deformity but also very troublesome and grievous Therefore if that any be grieved therewith by reason that one of his legs is shorter then the other it may be holpen by putting under his short foot this sitting crutch which we are now â—â—out to describe For by the help of this he shall not only go upright but also more easily and with little labor or no pain at all It was taught me by Nicolas Piccard Chirurgian to the Duke of Lâ—â—in The form thereof is this A. Sheweth the staff or stilt of this crutch which must be made of wood B. Sheweth the seat of iron â—hereon the thigh resteth just under the buttock C. Sheweth a prop which stayeth up the seat whereon all the weight of the Patients body resteth D. Sheweth the stirrup being made of iron and bowing crooked upwards that the foot may stand firm and not slip off it when the Patient goeth E. Sheweth the prop that stayeth or holdeth up the stirrup to strengthen it F. Sheweth the foot of the stilt or crutch made of iron with many pikes and compassed with a ring or ferule so to keep it from slipping G. The cross or head of the crutch which the Patient must put under his arm-hole to lean upon as it is to be seen in the figure The end of the three and twentieth Book The FOUR and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the GENERATION of MAN THE PREFACE The distinction of male and female GOD the Creator and maker of all things immediately after the Creation of the World of his unspeakable counsel and inestimable wisdom not onâ—y distinguisâ—ed mankinde â—uâ— all 〈◊〉 living Creatures also into a double sex to wit of Male and Female that so they 〈◊〉 moved and enticed by the allurements of lust might desire copulation thence to have â—â—â—creation The cause of this distinction For this bountiful Lord hath appointed it as a solace unto every living creature against the most certain and fatal necessity of death than for as much as each particuâ— living creature cannot continue for ever yet they may endure by their species or kind by prâ—pagation and succession of creatures which is by procreation so long as the world endureth In this conjunction or 〈◊〉 repleniâ—hed with such delectable pleasure which God hath chiefly established by the law of Matrimony the male and female yield forth their seeds which presently mixed and conjoyned are received and kept in the females womb What seed is For the seed is a certain spumâ—us â—r foamy humor replenished with vital spirit by the benâ—fit whereof as it were by a certain ebullition or fermentation it is puffed up and swoln bigger and both the seeds being separated from the more pure bloud of both the Parents are the material and formal beginning of the issuâ— for the seed of the male being cast and received into the womb is accounted the principal and efficient cause but the seed of the female is reputed the subjâ—cent matter or the matter wherein it worketh Gooâ— and laudable seed ought to be white The conditions of good seed shining clammy knotty smelling like unto the elder or palm delectable to Bees and sinking down in the bottom of water being put into it for that which swimmeth on the water is esteemed unfruitful for a great portion cometh from the brain yet sâ—me thereof falls from the whâ—le bâ—dy and from all the parts both firm and soft thereof Seed falleth from all the parts of the body For unless it come from the whole body and every part thereof all and every part of the issue cannot be formed thereby because like things are engendred of theâ—â— like and therefore it cometh that the childe resemâ—leth the Parents not only in stature and favâ—ur but also in the conformation and proportion of his limbs and members and complexion and
distended or made stiff when the nervous spongeous and hollow substance thereof is replete and puffed up with a flatulent spirit The womb allures or drawes the masculine seed into it self by the mouth thereof and it receives the womans seed by the horns from the spermatick vessels which come from the testicles into the hollowness or concavity of the womb that so it may be tempered by conjunction commission and confusion with the mans seed and so reduced or brought unto a certain equality for generation or conception cannot follow without the concourse of two seeds well and perfectly wrought in the very same moment of time nor without a laudable disposition of the womb both in temperature and complexion Why a male and why a female is engendred if in this mixture of seeds the mans seed in quality and quantity exceed the womans it will be a man-childe if not a woman-childe although that in either of the kindes there is both the mans and womans seed as you may see by the daily experience of those men who by their first wives have had boyes only and by their second wives had girls only the like you may see in certain women who by their first husbands have had males only and by their second husbands females only Moreover one and the same man is not alwaies like affected to get a man or woman-childe for by reason of his age temperature and diet he doth sometimes yeeld forth seed endued with a masculine virtue and sometimes with a feminine or weak virtue so that it is no marvel if men get sometimes men and sometimes women-children CHAP. II. Of what quality the seed is whereof the male and whereof the female is engendred MAle Children are engendred of a more hot and dry seed and women of a more cold and moist for there is much less strength in cold then in heat Why men children are sooner formed in the womb 〈◊〉 then womâ—n and likewise in moisture then in driness and that is the cause why it will be longer before a girle is formed in the womb then a boy In the seed lieth both the procreative and the formative power as for exâ—mple In the power of Melon-seed are situate the stalks branches leaves flowers The seed is that in power from whence each thing cometh or floweth Why the children are most commonly like unto their Fathers fruit the form colour smell seed and all The like reason is of other seeds so Apple-grafts engrafted in the stock of a Pear-tree bear Apples and we do alwaies finde and see by experience that the tree by virtue of grafting that is grafted doth convert it self into the nature of the Siens wherewith it is grafted But although the childe that is born doth resemble or is very like unto the Father or Mother as his or her seed exceedeth in the mixture yet for the most part it happeneth that the children are more like unto the father then mother because that in the time of copulation the minde of the woman is more fixed on her husband then the minde of the husband on or towards his wife for in the time of copulation or conception the forms or the likenesse of those things that are conceived or kept in minde are transported and impressed in the childe or issue for so they affirm that there was a certain Queen of the Aethiopians who brought forth a white childe the reason was as shee confessed that at the time of copulation with her King she thought on a marvelous white thing with a very strong imagination Therefore Hesiod advertiseth all married people not to give themselves to carnal copulation when they return from burials When children should be gotten but when they come from feasts and plaies left that their said heavy and pensive cogitations should be so transfused and engraften in the issue that they should contaminate or infect the pleasant joyfulness of his life with sad Why oftentimes the childe resembleth the Grandfather pensive or passionate thoughts Sometimes it happeneth although very seldome the childe is neither like the father nor the mother but in favor resembleth his Grandfather or any other of his kindred by reason that in the inward parts of the parents the engrafted power and nature of the Grandfather lieth hidden which when it hath lurked there long not working any effect at length breaks forth by means of some hidden occasion wherein nature resembleth the Painter making the lively portraiture of a thing which as far as the subject matter will permit doth form the issue like unto the parents in every habit so that often-times the diseases of the parents are transferred or participated unto the children as it were by a certain hereditary title for those that are crook-backt get crook-backt children those that are lame lame those that are leprous leprous those that have the stone children having the stone those that have the ptisick children having the ptisick and those that have the gout children having the gout for the seed follows the power nature temperature and complexion of him that engendreth it Why sometimes those that are diseased do get sound children Therefore of those that are in health and sound healthie and sound and of those that are weak and diseased weak and diseased children are begotten unless happily the seed of one of the parents that is sound doth correct or amend the diseased impression of the other that is diseased or else the temperate and sound womb as it were by the gentle and pleasant breath thereof CHAP. III. What is the cause why Females of all brute beasts being great with young do neither desire nor admit the males until they have brought forth their Young Why the sense of Venereo us acts is given to brute beasts THe cause hereof is forasmuch as they are moved by sense only they apply themselves unto the thing that is present very little or nothing at all perceiving things that are past and to come Therefore after they have conceived they are unmindful of the pleasure that is past and do abhor copulation for the sense or feeling of lust is given unto them by nature Why of brute beasts the males rageing with lust follow after the females Wherefore a woman when she is with childe desireth copulation only for the preservation of their kinde and not for voluptuousness or delectation But the males rageing swelling and as it were stimulated by the provocations of the heat or fervency of their lust do then run unto them follow and desire copulation because a certain strong odor or smell commeth into the air from their secret or genital parts which pierceth into their nostrils and unto their brain and so inserteth an imagination desire and heat Contrariwise the sense and feeling of Venerous actions seemeth to be given by nature to women not only for the propagation of issue and for the conservation of mankinde but also to mitigate and asswage the
the seeds should fall out There the females seed goeth and turneth into nutriment Why the female seed is nutriment for the male seed and the increase of the males seed because all things are nourished and do increase by those things that are most familiar and like unto them But the similitude and familiarity of seed with seed is far greater then with blood so that when they are perfectly mixed and co-agulated together and so wax warm by the straight and narrow inclosure of the womb a certain thin skin doth grow about it like unto that that will be over unsâ—immed milk Moreover this concretion or congealing of the seed is like unto an egg laied before the time that it should that is to say whose membrane or tunicle that compasseth it about hath not as yet increased or grown into a shelly hardness about it in folding-wise are seen many small threds dividing themselves over-spread with a certain clammy whitish or red substance as it were with black blood In the middest under it appeareth the navel from whence that small skin is produced A compendious way to understand humane conception But a man may understand many things that appertain unto the conception of mankind by the observation of twenty eggs setting them to be hatched under an Hen and taking one every day and breaking it and diligently considering it for in so doing on the twentieth day you shall find the Chick perfectly formed with the navel That little skin that so compasseth the infant in the womb is called the secundine or Chorion but commonly the after-birth Lib. de nat puer This little skin is perfectly made within six daies according to the judgment of Hippocrates as profitable and necessary not only to contain the seeds so mixed together but also to sâ—â—k nutriment through the oâ—ifices of the vessels ending in the womb What the Câ—tyledones are Those orifices the Greeks do call Câ—tyledones and the Latines Acetabula for they are as it were hollowed eminences like unto those which may be seen in the feet or snout of a Cuttle-fish many times in a double order both for the working and holding of their meat Those eminences called Acetabula do not so greatly appear in women as in many brute beasts Therefore by these the secundiâ—e cleaveth on every side unto the womb for the conservation nutrition and increase of the conceived â—eed CHAP. VII Of the generation of the navel AFter the woman hath conceived to every one of the aforesaid eminences groweth presently another vessel that is to say a vein to the vein and an aâ—tery to the aâ—tery these soft and yet thin vessels are framed with a little thin membrane which being spread under sucketh to them for to them it is in stead of a membrane and a ligament and a tunicle oâ— a defence and it is doubled with the others and made of the vein and artery of the navel These new small vessels of the infant with their orifices do answer directly one to one to the Cotyledones or eminencies of the womb they are very small and little as it were the hairy fibres that grow upon roots that are in the earth and when they have continued so a longer time they are combined together that of two they are made one vessel untill that by continual connexion all those vessels go and degenerate into two other great vessels called the umbilical vessels or the vessels of the navel because they do make the navel and do enter into the childs body by the hole of the navel The vein never joyneth it selfe with the artery Here Galen doth admire the singular providence of God and Nature because that in such a multitude of vessels and in so long a passage or length that they go or are produced the vein doth never confound it self nor stick to the artery nor the artery to the vein but every vessel joineth it self to the vessel of its own kind But the umbilical vein or navel-vein entering into the body of the child doth join it self presently to the hollow part of the liver but the artery is divided into two which join themselvs to the two Iliack arteries along the sides of the bladder and are presently covered with the peritonaeum and by the benefit thereof annexed unto the parts which it goes unto Those small veins and arteries are as it were the roots of the childe but the vein and artery of the navel are as it were the body of the tree Hippocrates calleth all the membranes that compass the infa t in the womb according to the judgment of Galen in his book de usu pâ—rtium by the name of the secandines to bring down the nutriment to nourish the child For first we live in the womb the life of a plant and then next the life of a sensitive creature and as the first tunicle of the child is called Châ—riâ—ns or Allantâ—ides so the other is called Amnios or Aguiâ—a which doth compass the seed or child about on every side These membranes are most thin yea for their thinness like unto the Spiders web woven one upon another and also connexed in many places by the extremeties of certain small and hairy substances which at length by the adjunction of their like do get strength whereby you may understand what is the cause why by divers and violent motions of the mother in going and dancing or leaping and also of the infant in the womb those membranes are not almost broken For they are so conjoined by the knots of those hairy substances that between them nothing neither the urine nor the sweat can come as you may plainly and evidently perceive in the dissection of a womans body that is great with child not depending on any other mans opinion be it never so old or inveterate yet the strength of those membranes is not so great but that they may be soon broken in the birth by the kicking of the child GHAP. VIII An old opinion confuted Of the Vmbilical vessels or the vessels belonging to the navel MAny of the antient Writers have written that there are five vessels found in the navel But yet in many nay all the bodies I sought in for them I could never find but three that is to say one vein which is very large so that in the passage thereof it will receive the tag of a point and two arteries but not so large but much narrower because the child wanteth oâ— standeth in need of much more blood for his conformation and the nutriment or increase of his parts then of vital spirit These vessels making the body of the navel which as it is thought To what use the knots of the childes navel in the womb serve is formed within nine or ten dayes by their doubling and folding make knots like unto the knots of a Franciscan Friers girdle that staying the running blood in those their knotty windings they might more perfectly
the childe Moreover let the Midwife annoint her hands with this ointment following as often as she putteth them into the neck of the womb and therewith also annoint the parts about it â„ž clei ex seminibus lini â„¥ i ss olâ—i de castoreo â„¥ ss galliae meschatae Ê’iii ladaniÊ’i make thereof a liniment Moreover you may provoke sneesing Aph. 35 43. sect 5. c. by putting a little pepper or white helebore in powder into the nostrils Line-seed beaten and given in potion with the water of Mug-wort and Savine is supposed to cause speedy deliverance Also the medicine following is commended for the same purpose â„ž certicis cassiae fistul A potion causing speedy deliverance conquassatae â„¥ ii cicer rub m ss bulliant cum vino albo aquà sufficienti sub finem addendo sabinaeÊ’ii in celaturâ prodosi adde cinam Ê’ ss crcci gr vi make thereof a potion which being taken let sneesing be provoked as it is above-said and let her shut or close her mouth and nostrils Many times it happeneth that the infant cometh into the world out of the womb having his head covered or wrapped about with a portion of the secundine or tunicle wherein it is inclosed especially when by the much strong and happy striveing of the mother he commeth forth together with the water wherein it lieth in the womb and then the Midwives prophesie oâ— foretell that the childe shall be happy because he is born as it were with a hood on his head But I suppose that it doth betoken health of body both to the infant and also to his mother for it is a token of easie deliverance For when the birth is difficult and painful the childe never bringeth that membrane out with him but it remaineth behinde in the passages of the genitals or secret parts What a woman in travail must take presently after her deliverance because they are narrow For even so the Snake or Adder when she should cast her skin thereby to renew her age creepeth through some narrow or strait passage Presently after birth the woman so delivered must take two or three spoonfuls of the oil of sweet almonds extracted without fire and tempered with sugar Some will rather use the yelks of eggs with sugar some the wine called Hyppocras others cullises or gelly but alwayes divers things are to be used according as the Patient or the woman in childe-bed shall be grieved and as the Physician shall give counsel both to case and asswage the furious torments and pain of the throwes to recover her strength and nourish her The cause of the after-throws Throws come presently after the birth of the childe because that then the veines nature being wholly converted to expulsion cast out the reliques of the menstrual matter that hath been suppressed for the space of nine months into the womb with great violence which because they are gross slimy and dreggish cannot come forth without great pain both to the veines from whence they come and also unto the womb whereunto they go also then by the conversion of that portion thereof that remaineth into winde and by the undiscreet admission of the air in the time of the childe-birth the womb and all the secret parts wil swel unless it be prevented with some digesting repelling or mollifying oil or by artificial rowling of the parts about the belly CHAP. XVII What is to be done presently after the childe is born Why the secundine or after-birth must be taken away presently after the birth of the childe The binding of the childes navel-string after the birth PResently after the childe is born the Midwife must draw away the secundine or after-birth as gently as she can but if she cannot let her put her hands into the womb and so draw it out separating it from the other parts for otherwise if it should continue longer it would be more difficult to be gotten out because that presently after the birth the orifice of the womb is drawn together and closed and then all the secundine must be taken from the childe Therefore the navel-string must be tied with a double thred an inch from the belly Let not the knot be two hard lest that part of the navel-string which is without the knot should fall away sooner then it ought neither too slack or loose lest that an exceeding and mortal flux of blood should follow after it is cut off and lest that through it that is to say the the navel-string the cold air should enter into the childes body When the knot is so made the navel-string must be cut in sunder the breath of two fingers beneath it with a sharp knife Upon the section you must apply a doudle linnen cloath dipped in oyl of Roses or of sweet Aâ—monds to mitigate the pain for to within a few dayes after that which is beneath the knot will â—all away being destitute of life and nourishment by reason that the vein and artery are tied so close that no life nor nourishment can come unto it commonly all Midwives do let it lie unto the bare belly of the infant whereof commeth grievous pain and griping by reason of the coldness thereof which dyeth by little and little as destitute of vital heat But it were far better to rowl it in soft cotton or lint until it be mortified and so fall away Those midwives do unadvisedly who so soon as the infant is born do presently tie the navel-string and 〈…〉 off not looking first for the voiding of the secundine When all these things are â—on the infant must be wiped cleansed and rubbed from all filth and excrement with oil of Roses or Myttles For thereby the pores of the skin wil be better shut and the habit of the body the more strengthened There be some that wash infants at that time in warm water and red wine and afterwards annoint them with the fore named oils Others wash them not with wine alone but boil therein red Roses and the leaves of Myrtles adding thereto a little salt and then using this lotion for the space of five or six daies they not only wash away the filth but also resolve and digest if there be any hard or confused place in the infants tender body by reason of the hard travail and labour in childe-birth Their toes and fingers must be handled drawn a sunder and bowed The defaults that are commonly in children newly born and the joints of the arms and legs must be extended and bowed for many daies and often that thereby that portion of the excremental humor that remaineth in the joints by motion may be heated and resolved If there be any default in the membe s either in conformation construction or society with those that are adjoyning to them it must be corrected or amended with speed Moreover you must look whether any of the natural passages be stopped or covered with a membrane The defaults of
the waies or passages are stopped and made more narrow so that nothing can come forth or else because they are doubled and folded in the womb and the waters gon out from them with the infant so that they remain as it were in a dâ—ie place or else because they yet stick in the womb by the knots of the veins and arteries which commonly happeneth in those that are delivered before their time For even as apples which are not ripe cannot be pulled from the tree but by violence but when they are ripe they will fall off of their own accord so the secundine before the natural time of the birth can hardly be pulled away but by violence but at the prefixed natural time of the birth it may easily be drawn away Accidents â—hat follow the staying of the secundines The manner of drawing out the secundines that remain after the birth Many and grievous accidents follow the staying of the secundine as suffocation of the womb often swounding by reason that gross vâ—poâ—s arise from the putrefaction unto the midriff heart and brain therefore they must be pulled away with speed from the womb gently handling the navel if it may be so possibly done But if it cannot be done so the woman must be placed as she was wont when that the childe will not come forth naturally but must be drawn forth by art Therefore the midwife having her hand annointed with oil must put it gently into the womb and finding out the navel-string must follow it until it come unto the secundine and if it do as yet cleave to the womb by the Cotyledons she must shake and move it gently up and down that so when it is shaken and loosed she may draw it out gently but if it should be drawn with violence it were to be feared lest that the womb should also follow for by violent attraction some of the vessels and also some of the nervous ligaments whereby the womb is fastned on each sâ—de may be rent whereof followeth corruption of blood shed out of the vessels and thence commeth inflammation an abscess or a mortal gangrene The cause of the fal ing down of the womb Neither is there less danger of a convulsion by reason of the breaking of the nervous bodies neither is there any less danger of the falling down of the womb If that there be any knots or clods of blood remaining together with the secundine the Midwife must draw them out one by one so that not any may be left behinde The accidents that come of the vioâ—ent pulâ—ing of the womb together with the secundine Some women have voided their secundine when it could not be drawn forth by any means long after the birth of the childe by the neck of their womb piece-meal rotten and corrupted with many grievous and painful accidents Also it shall be very requisite to provoke the indeavor of the expulsive faculty by sternutatories atomatick fomentations of the neck of the womb by mollifying injections and contrariwise by applying such things to the nostrils as yield a rank savor or smell with a potion made of mug-wort and bay-berries taken in hony and wire mixed together or with half a dram of the powder of savin or with the hair of a womans head burnt and beaten to powder and given to drinke and to conclude with all things that provoke the terms or courses CHAP. XIX Whht things must be given to the infant by the mouth before he be permitted to suck the teat or dug IT will be very profitable to rub all the inner side of the childes mouth and palat gently with treacle and hony or the oil of sweet almonds extracted with fire and if you can To draw fleam from the childes mouth to cause it to swallow some of those things for thereby much flegmatick moisture will be drawn from the mouth and also wil be moved or provoked to be vomited up from the stomach for if these excremental humors shall be mixed with the milk that is sucked they would corrupt it and then the vapors that arise from the corrupted milk unto the brain would infer most pernicious accidents And you may know that there are many excremental things in the stomach and guts of children by this because that so soon as they come into the world and often before they suck milk or take any other thing they void downwards many excrements diversly colored as yellow green and black Therefore many that they may speedily evacuate the matter that causeth the fretting of the guts do not only minister those things fore-named Milk soon corrupted in a flegmatick stomach but also some laxative syrup as that that is made of damask-Roses But before the infant be put to suck the mother it is fitting to press some milk out of her brest into its mouth that so the fibres of the stomach may by little and little accustome themselves to draw in the milk CHAP. XX. That mothers ought to nurse or give surk unto their own children THat all mothers would nurse their own children were greatly to be wished The mothers milk is most familiar for the childe for the Mothers milke is far more familiar nourishment for the infant then that of any Nurse for it is nothing else but the same blood made white in the duggs wherewith before it was nourished in the womb For the mother ought not to give the childe suck for the space of a few daies after the birth but first to expect the perfect expurgation and avoiding of the excremental humors And in the mean time let her cause her breasts to be sucked of another or many other children or of some wholsome or sober maid whereby the milk may be drawn by little and little unto her breasts and also by little and little purified For a certain space after the birth the milke will be troubâ—ed and the humors of the body moved so that by long staying in the duggs it wil seem to degenerate from its natural goodness as the grossness of it is somewhat congealed the manifest heat in touching and the yellow colour thereof testifieth evidently Therefore it is necessary that others should come in place thereof when it is sucked out wherewith the infant may be nourished But if the mother or the Nurse-chance to take any disease as a Fever Scouring or any such like The disease of the Nurse is participated unto the childe let her give the childe to another to give it suck lest that the childe chance to take the Nurses diseases And moreover mothers ought to nurse their own children because for the most part they are far more vigilant and careful in bringing up and attendâ—ng their children then hired and mercenary Nurses which do not so much regard the infant as the gain they shall have by the keeping of it for the most part Those that do not nurse their own children cannot rightly be termed mothers for they do
wherein they are wrapped They must not be rocked too violently in the cradle lest that the milk that is sucked should be corrupted by the too violent motion by reason whereof they must not be handled violently any other way and not altogether prohibited or not suffered to cry For by crying the breast and lungs are dilated and made bigger and wider What moderate crying worketh in the infant What immoderate crying causeth the natural parts the stronger and the brain nostrills the eyes and mouth are purged by the tears and filth that come from the eyes and nostrils But they must not be permitted to cry long or fiercely for fear of breaking the production of the Peritenaeum and thereby causing the falling down of the guts into the cod which rupture is called of the Greeks Enterocele or of the caul which the Greeks call Epiplocele CHAP. XXIV Of the weaning of Children MAny are weaned in the eighteenth month some in the twentieth but all When childreâ— must be weaned or the most part in the second year for then their teeth appear by whose presence nature seemeth to require some harder meat then milk or pap wherewith children are delighted and will feed more earnestly thereon But there is no certain time of weaning of children For the teeth of some will appear sooner and some later for they are prepared of nature for no other purpose then to chaw the meat If children be weaned before their teeth appear and be fed with meat that is somewhat hard and solid according to the judgment of Avicen they are incident to many diseases comming through crudity because the stomach is yet but weak Why children must not be weaned before their teeth appear How children must be weaned and wanteth that preparation of the meats which is made in the mouth by chawing which men of ripe years cannot want without offence when the child is two years old and the teeth appear if the child more vehemently desire harder meats and doth feed on them with pleasure and good success he may be safely weaned for it cannot be supposed that he hath this appetite of hard meats in vain by the instinct of nature Yet he may not be weaned without such an appetite if all other things be correspondent that is to say his teeth and age for those things that are eaten without an appetite cannot profit But if the childe be weak sickly or feeble he ought not to be weaned And when the meet time of weaning commeth the Nurse must now and then use him to the tear whereby he may leave it by little and little and then let the teat be anointed or rubbed with bitter things as with Aloes water of the infusion of Colocynthus or Worm-wood oâ— with Mustard or Soot steeped in water or such like Children that are scabby in their heads and over all their bodies and which void much phlegm at their mouth and nostrils What children are strong and sound of body and many excrements downwards are like to be strong and sound of body for so they are purged of excremental humors contrariwise those that are clean and fair of body gather the matter of many diseases in their bodies which in process of time will break forth and appear Certainly An often cause of sudden crookedness by the sudden falling of such matters into the back-bone many become crook-backt CHAP. XXV By what signâ— it may be known whether the childe in the womb be dead or alive IF neither the Chirurgians hand nor the mother can perceive the infant to move A most certain sign of the child dead in the womb if the waters bestowed out and the secundine come forth you may certainly affirm that the infant is dead in the womb for this is the most infallible sign of all others for because the childe in the womb doth breath but by the artery of the navel and the breath is received by the Cotelydon of the arteries of the womb it must of necessity come to pass that when the secundine is separated from the infant When the child is dead in the womb he is more heavy then he was before being alive no air nor breath can come unto it Wherefore so often as the secundine is excluded before the child you may take it for a certain token of the death thereof when the childe is dead it will be more heavy to the mother then it was before when it was alive because it is now no more sustained by the spirits and faculties wherewith before it was governed and ruled for so we see dead men co be heavier then those that are alive and men that are weak through hunger and famin to be heavier then when they are well refreshed and also when the mother enclines her body any way the infant falleth that way also even as it were a stone The mother is also vexed with sharp pain from the privities even to the navel with a perpetual desire of making water and going to stool because that nature is wholly busied in the expulsion or avoidance of that which is dead That which is alive wiâ—l not suffer that which is dead for that which is alive will expell the dead so far as it can from it self because the one is altogether different from the other but likeness if any thing conjoins and unites things together the genitals are cold in touching and the mother complaineth that shee feeleth a coldness in her womb by reason that the heat of the infant is extinguished wherewith before her heat was doubled many filthy excrements come from her and also the mothers breath stinketh she swoundeth often all which for the most part happen within three daies after the death of the childe for the infants body will sooner corrupt in the mothers womb then it would in the open air Lib. de tumorib because that according to the judgment of Galen all hot and moist things being in like manner enclosed in a hot and moist place especially if by reason of the thickness or straitness of the place they cannot receive the air will speedily corrupt Now by the rising up of such vapors from the dead unto the brain and heart such accidents may soon follow her face will be clean altered seeming livid and ghastly her dugs fall and hang loose and lank Why the belly of a woman will be more big when the childe is dead within her then it was before when it was alive and her belly will be more hard and swollen then it was before In all bodies so putrifying the natural heat vanisheth away and in place thereof succeedeth a preternatural by the working whereof the putrified and dissolved humors are stirred up into vapors and converted into winde and those vapors because they possess and fill more space and room for Naturalists say that of one part of water ten parts of air are made do so puff up the putrified body into a greater bigness You
to be a mola The dropsie comming of a tumor of thâ— Mesenterium others thought that it came by reason of the dropsie Assuredly this disease caused the dropsie to ensue neither was the cause thereof obscure for the function of the Liver was frustrated by reason that the concoction or the alteration of the Chylus was intercepted by occasion of the tumor and mâ—reoveâ— the Liver it self had a proper disease for it was hard and scirrhous and had many abscesses both within and without it and all over it The milt was scarce free from putrefaction the guts and Kill were somewhat blew and spotted and to be brief there was nothing found in the lower belly There is the like history to be read written by Philip Ingrassias in his book of tumors Tom. 1. tra â— cap. 1. of a certain Moor that was hanged for theft for saith he when his body was publickly dissected in the Mesenterium were found seventy scrophulous tumors and so many abscesses were containeâ— or enclosed in their several cists or skins and sticking to the external tunicle especially of the greater guts the matter contained in them was divers for it was hard knotty clammy glutinous liquid and waterish but the entrails especially the Liver and the Milt were found free from all manner of a tainture because as the same Author alledgeth nature being strong had sent all the evill juice and the corruption of the entrails into the Mesenterie and verily this Moor so long as he lived was in good and perfect health Without doubt the corruption of superflous humors for the most part is so great as is noted by Fernelius that it cannot be received in the receptacles that nature hath appointed for it Lib 6. part mor. cap 7. The Mesenterium is the â—inâ— or the body therefore then no small portion thereof falleth into the parts adjoyning and especially into the Mesentery and Pancreas which are as it were the sink of the whole body In those bodies which through continual and daily gluttony abound with choler melancholy and phlegm if it be not purged in time nature being strong and lusty doth depel and drive it down into the Pancreas and the Mesentery which are as places of no great â—epute and that especially out of the Liver and Milt by those veins or branches of the â—â—â—a pâ—rta which end or go not into the guts but are terminated in the Mesentery and Pancreas In these places diverse humors are heaped together which in process of time turn into a loose and soâ—t tumor and then if they grow bigger into a stiff hard and very scirrhous tumor Whereof Fernelius affirmeth that in those places he hath found the causes of choler melancholy fluxes cyâ—enteries cachexia's atrophia's consumptions tedious and uncertain fevers and lastly of many hidden diseases The Scrophulaes in the Mesenterium by the â—â—king whereof some have received their health that have been thought past cure Moreover Ingrassias affirmeth out of Julius Pollux that Scrophulas may be engendred in the Mesenterie which nothing differs from the mind and opinion of Galen who saith that Scrophulas are nothing else but indurate and scirrhous kernels But the Mesenterium with his glanduls being great and many making the Pancreas doth establish strengthen and confirm the divisions of the vessels A scirrhus of the womb Also the scirrhus of the proper substance of the womb is to be distinguished from the mola for in the bodies of some women that I have opened I have found the womb annoyed with a scirrhous tumor as big as a mans head in the curing whereof Physicians nothing prevailed because they supposed it to be a mola contained in the capacity of the womb and not a scirrhous tumor in the body thereof CHAP. XXXVII Of the cause of barrenness in men THere are many causes of barrenness in men that is to say the too hot cold dry or moist distemper of the seed the more liquid and flexible consistence thereof so that it cannot stay in the womb How the seed in unfertil but will presently flow out again for such is the seed of old men and striplings and of such as use the act of generation too often and immoderately for thereby the seed becommeth crude and waterish because it doth not remain his due and lawful time in the testicles wherein it should be perfectly wrought and concocted but is evacuated by wanton copulation Furthermore that the seed may be fertile it must of necessity be copious in quantity but in quality well concocted moderately thick clammy and puffed with abundance of spirits both these conditions are wanting in the seed of them that use copulation too often and moreover because the wives of those men never gather a just quantity of seed laudable both in quality and consistence in their testicles whereby it commeth to pass that they are the less provoked or delighted with Venereous actions and perform the act with less alacrity so that they yeeld themselves less prone to conception Therefore let those that would be parents of many children use a mediocrity in the use of Venery How the cutting of the veines behinde the ears maketh men barren The woman may perceive that the mans seed hath some distemperature in it if when she hath received it into her womb she feeleth it sharp hot or cold if the man be more quick or slow in the act Many become barren after they have been cut for the stone and likewise when they have had a wound behind the ears whereby certain branches of the jugular veins and arteries have been cut that are there so that after those vessels have been cicatrized there followed an interception of the seminal matter downwards and also of the community which ought of necessity to be between the brain and the testicles so that when the conduits or passages are stopped the stones or testicles cannot any more receive neither matter nor lively spirits from the brain in so great quantity as it was wont whereof it must of necessity follow that the seed must be lesser in quantity and weaker in quality Those that have their testicles cut off or else compressed or contused by violence cannot beget children because that either they want that help the testicles should minister in the act of generation or else because the passage of the seminal matter is intercepted or stopped with a Callus by reason whereof they cannot yield forth seed but a certain clammy humor contained in the glanduls called prostatae yet with some feeling of delight The defaâ—lts of the yard Moreover the deâ—ects or imperfections of the yard may cause barrenness as if it be too short or if it be so unreasonable great that it renteth the privy parts of the woman and so causeth a flux of blood for then it is so painful to the woman that she cannot void her seed for that cannot be excluded without pleasure and delight also if
copulation The signs of a dry wâ—mb whereby it may be made slippery by the moisture of the seed by the fissures in the neck thereof by the chaps and itching for all things for want of moisture will soon chap even like unto the ground which in the summer by reason of great drought or driness will chap and chink this way and that way and on the contrary with moisture it will close and join together again as it were with glew A woman is thought to have all opportunities unto conception when her courses or flowers do cease for then the womb is void of excremental filth and because it is yet open A meet time for conception it will the more easily receive the mans seed and when it hath received it it will better retain it in the wrinkles of the cotylidones yet gaping as it wese in rough and unequal places Yet a woman will easily conceive a little before the time that the flowers ought to flow because that the menstrual matter falling at first like dew into the womb is very meet and fit to nourish the seed and not to drive it out again or to suffocate it Those which use copulation when their courses fall down abundantly will very hardly or seldome conceive and if they do conceive the childe wil be weak and diseased and especially if the womans blood that flows out be unâ—ound but if the blood be good and laudable the childe will be subject to all plethorick diseases Theâ—e are some women in whom presently after the flux of the termes the orifice of the womb will be closed so that they must of necessity use copulation with a man when their menstrual flux floweth if at least they would conceive at all A woman may bear children from the age of fourteen untill forty or fiftie which time whosoever doth exceed will bear untill threescore years because the menstrual fluxes are kept the prolifical faculty is also preserved therefore many women have brought forth children at that age but after that time no woman can bear as Aristotle writeth Arist l. 7. de hist anim c. 2. c. 5. Yet Plinie saith that Cornelia who was of the house of the Scipioes being in the sixtie second yeer of her age bare Velusius Saturnius who was Consul Valescus de Tarenta also affirmeth that he saw a woman that bare a childe on the sixtie second year of her age having born before on the sixtieth and sixty first year Lib. 7. ca. 14. Lib. 6. cap 12. Therefore it is to be supposed that by reason of the variety of the air region diet and temperament the menstrual flux and procreative faculty ceaseth in some sooner Lib. 7 de hist anim c. 1. â— 6. in some later which variety taketh place also in men For in them although the seed be genitable for the most part in the second seventh year yet truly it is unfruitful untill the third seventh year And whereas most men beget children untill they be threescore years old which time if they pass they beget till seventie yet there are some known that have begot childâ—en untill the eightieth year Moreover Plinie writeth that Masinissa the King begot a son when he was fourscore and six years of age Lib. 7. cap 14. and also Cato the Censor after that he was fourscore CHAP. XL. Of the falling down or perversion or turning of the womb What is the falling down of the womb THe womb is said to fall down and be perverted when it is moved out of its proper and natural place as when the bands and ligatures thereof being loosed and relaxed it falleth down unto one side or other or into its own neck or else passeth further so that it comes out at the neck The causes and a great portion thereof appears without the privie parts Therefore what things soever resolve relax or burst the ligaments or bands whereby the womb is tied are supposed to be the causes of this accident It sometimes happens by vehement labor or travail in childe-birth when the womb with violence excluding the issue and the secundines also follows and falls down turning the inner side thereof outward And sometimes the foolish rashness of the Midwife when she draweth away the womb with the infant or with the secundine cleaving fast thereunto and so drawing it down and turning the inner side outward Furthermore a heavie bearing of the womb the bearing of the carriage of a great burthen holding or stretching of the hands or body upwards in the time of greatness with childe a fall contusion shaking or jogging by riding either in a Waggon or Coach or on horse back or leaping or dancing the falling down of a more large and abundant humor great griping a strong and continual cough a Tenesmus or often desire to go to stool yet not voiding any thing neesing a manifold and great birth difficult bearing of the womb an astmatical and orthopnoical-difficulty of breathing whatsoever doth weightily press down the Diaphragma or Midriff or the muscles of the Epigastrium the taking of cold air in the time of travail with childe oâ— in the flowing of the menstrual flux sitting on a cold marble-stone or any other such like cold things are thought oftentimes to be the occasion of these accidents because they may bring the womb out of its place Aâ—ist Lib. 7. de histor anim cap. 2. It falls down in many saith Aristotle by reason of the desire of copulation that they have either by reason of the lustiness of their youth or else because they have abstained a long time from it You may know that the womb is fallen down by the pain of those parts where hence it is fallen that is to say by the entrails The signes loines os sacrum and by a tractable tumor at the neck of the womb and often with a visible hanging out of diverse greatness according to the quantity that is fallen down The prognostâ—caâ—ions It is seen sometimes like unto a piece of red flesh hanging out at the neck of the womb of the bigness and form of a Goose-egg if the woman stand upright she feeleth the weight to lie on her privie parts but if she sit or lie then she perceiveth it on her back or go to the stool the strait gut called intestinum rectum will be pressed or loaden as if it were with a burthen if she lie on her belly then her urine will be stopped so that she shall fear to use copulation with a man When the womb is newly relaxed in a young woman it may be soon cured but if it hath been long down in an old woman it is not to be helped If the palsie of the ligaments thereof have occasioned the falling it scarce admits of cure bur if it falls down by means of putrefaction it cannot possibly be cured If a great quantity thereof hang out between the thighs it can hardly be cured but it
of water adding thereto cinnamon Ê’ ii in one pint of the decoction dissolve after it is strained of the syrup of mugwort and of hyssop an â„¥ ii diarrhâ—d abbat Ê’i let it be strained through a bag with Ê’ ii of the kernels of Dates and let her take â„¥ .iiii in the morning Let pessaries be made with galbanum ammoniacum and such like mollifying things beaten into a mass in a mortar with a hot pestel and made into the form of a pessary and then let them be mixed with oil of Jasmine euphorbium an ox-gall the juice of mugwurt and other such like wherein there is power to provoke the flowers as with scammony in powder let them be as big as ones thumb six fingers long and rowled in lawn or some such like thin linnen cloth of the same things nodula's may be made Also pessaries may be prepared with hony boiled adding thereto convenient powders as of scammony pellitory and such like Neither ought these to stay long in the neck of the womb least they should exulcerate and they must be pulled back by a thred that must be put through them and then the orifice of the womb must be fomented with white wine of the decoction of penniroyal or mother-wort What causes of the stopping of the flowers must be cured before the disease it self But it is to be noted that if the suppression of the flowers happeneth through the default of the stopped orifice of the womb or by inflammation these maladies must first be cured before we come unto those things that of their proper strength and virtue provoke the flowers as for example if such things be made and given when the womb is inflamed the blood being drawn into the grieved place and the humors sharpned and the body of the womb heated the inflammation will be increased So if there be any superfluous flesh if there be any Callus of a wound or ulcer or if there be any membrane shutting the orifice of the womb and so stopping the flux of the flowers they must first be consumed and taken away before any of those things be administred But the opportunity of taking and applying of things must be taken from the time wherein the sick woman was wont to be purged before the stopping or if she never had the flowers The fittest time to provoke the flowers Why hot houses do hurt those in whom the flowers are to be provoked in the decrease of the Moon for so we shall have custom nature and the external efficient cause to help art When these medicines are used the women are not to be put into baths or hot houses as many do except the malady proceed from the density of the vessels and the grosness and clamminess of the blood For sweats hinder the menstrual flux by diverting and turning the matter another way CHAP. LIV. The signs of the approaching of the menstrual flux WHen the monthly flux first approacheth the dugs itch and become more swoln and hard then they were wont the woman is more desirous of copulation by reason of the ebullition of the provoked blood and the acrimony of the blood that remaineth her voice becommeth bigger her secret parts itch burn swell and wax red If they stay long What women do love and what women do loath the act of generation when the months are stopped With what accidents those that are marriageable and are not married are troubled The cause of so many accidents she hath pain in her loins and head nauseousness and vomiting troubleth the stomach notwithstanding if those matters which flow together in the womb either of their own nature or by corruption be cold they loath the act of generation by reason that the womb waxeth feeble through sluggishness and watery humors filling the same and it floweth by the secret parts very softly Those maids that are marriageable although they have the menstrual flux very well yet they are troubled with headach nauseousness and often vomiting want of appetite longing an ill habit of body difficulty of breathing trembling of the heart swouning melancholy fearful dreams watching with sadness and heaviness because that the genital parts burning and itching they imagine the act of generation whereby it commeth to pass that the seminal matter either remaining in the testicles in great abundance or else poured into the hollowness of the womb by the tickling of the genitals is corrupted and acquireth a venemous quality and causeth such like accidents as happen's in the suffocation of the womb Maids that live in the country are not so troubled with those diseases because there is no such lying in wait for their maiden-heads and also they live sparingly and hardly and spend their time in continual labor You may see many maids so full of juice that it runneth in great abundance as if they were not menstrual into their dugs and is there converted into milk which they have in as great quantity as nurses as we read it recorded by Hippocrates Aph. 36 sect 5. If a woman which is neither great with childe nor hath born children hath milk she wants the menstrual fluxes whereby you may understand that that conclusion is not good which affirmeth that a woman which hath milk in her breasts either to be delivered of childe or to be great with childe Lib. 2. de subt for Cardanus writeth that he knew one Antony Buzus at Genua who being thirty years of age had so much milk in his breasts as was sufficient to nurse a childe The efficient cause of the milk is to be noted for the breeding and efficient cause of milk proceeds not only from the engrafted faculty of the glandulous substance but much rather from the action of the mans seed for proof whereof you may see many men that have very much milk in their breasts and many women that almost have no milk unless they receive mans seed Also women that are strong and lusty like unto men which the Latines call Viragines that is to say whose seed commeth unto a manly nature when the flowers are stopped concoct the blood and therefore when it wanteth passage forth by the likeness of the substance it is drawn into the dugs and becommeth perfect milk those that have the flowers plentifully and continually for the space of four or five daies are better purged and with more happy success then those that have them for a longer time CHAP. LV. What accidents follow immoderate fluxes of the flowers or courses IF the menstrual flux floweth immoderately there also follow many accidents for the concoction is frustrated the appetite overthrown then follows coldness throughout all the body exolution of all the faculties an ill habit of all the body leanness the dropsie an hectick fever convulsion swouning and often sudden death By what pâ—res the flowers do flow in a woman and in a maid The causes of an unreasonable flux of blood if any have them too exceeding
immoderately the blood is sharp and burning and also stinking the sick woman is also troubled with a continual fever and her tongue will be dry ulcers arise in the gums and all the whole mouth In women the flowers do flow by the veins and arteries which rise out of the spermatick vessels and end in the bottom and sides of the womb but in virgins and in women great with child whose children are sound and healthful by the branches of the hypogastrick vein and artery which are spred and dispersed over the neck of the womb The cause of this immoderate flux is in the quantity or quality of the blood in both the fault is unreasonable copulation especially with a man that hath a yard of a monstrous greatness and the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the vessels The criticâ—l flux of the flowers The signs of blood flowing from the womb or neck of the womb oftentimes also the flowers flow immoderately by reason of a painful and a difficult birth of the childe or the after-birth being pulled by violence from the cotyledons of the womb or by reason that the veins and arteries of the neck of the womb are torn by the comming forth of the infant with great travel and many times by the use of sharp medicines and exulcerating pessaries Oft-times also nature avoids all the juice of the whole body critically by the womb after a great disease which flux is not rashly or suddenly to be stopped That menstrual blood that floweth from the womb is more gross black and clotty but that which commeth from the neck of the womb is more clear liquid and red CHAP. LVI Of stopping the immoderate flowing of the flowers or courses YOu must make choce of such meats and drinks as have power to incrassate the blood for as the flowers are provoked with meats that are hot and of subtil parts so they are stopped by such meats as are cooling thickning a stringent and sliptick as are barly-waters sodden rice the extreme parts of beasts as of oxen calves sheep either fried or sodden with sorrel purslain plantain shepherd's-purse sumach the buds of brambles berberries and such like It is supposed that a Harts-horn burned washed and taken in astringent water will stop all immoderate fluxes likewise sanguis draconis terra sigillata bolus armenus lapis haematites coral beaten into most subtil powder and drunk in steeled water also pap made with milk wherein steel hath oftentimes been quenched and the flowr of wheat barly beans or rice is very effectual for the same Quinces cervices medlars cornelian-berries or cherries may likewise be eaten at the second course Julips are to be used of steeled waters with the syrup of dry roses pomegranats sorrel myrtles quinces or old conserves of red roses but wine is to be avoided but if the strength be so extenuated that they require it you must chuse gross and astringent wine tempered with steeled water exercises are to be shunned especially Venerous exercises anger is to be avoided a cold air is to be chosen The institution or order of life which if it be not so naturally must be made so by sprinkling cold things on the ground especially if the summer or heat be then in his full strength sound sleeping stayes all evacuations except sweating The opening of a vein in the arm cupping-glasses fastened on the breasts bands and painful frictions of the upper parts are greatly commended in this malady But if you perceive that the cause of this accident lieth in a cholerick ill juice mixed with the blood Purging the body must be purged with medicines that purge choler and water as Rubarb Myrobalanes Tamarinds Sebestens and the purging syrup of Roses CHAP. LVII Of local medicines to be used against the immoderate flowing of the Courses ALso unguents are made to stay the immoderate flux of the terms and likewise injections and pessaries This or such like may be the form of an unguent â„ž ol mastich myrt an Ê’ii nucum cupres olibani An unguent myrtil an Ê’ii succi rosar rubr â„¥ i. pulv mastichin â„¥ ii boli armen terrae sigillat anÊ’ ss cerae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum An injection may be thus made â„ž aq plantag An astringent injection rosar rubr bursae pastor centinodii an lb ss corticis querni nucum cupressiâ— gallar non maturar an Ê’ ii berberis sumach balaust alumin. roch an Ê’i make thereof a decoction and inject it in a syringe blunt-pointed into the womb lest if it should be sharp it might hurt the sides of the neck of the womb also Snails beaten with their shells and applied to the navel are very profitable Quinces roasted under the coales and incorporated with the powder of Myrtles and Bole-Armenick and put into the neck of the womb are marvellous effectual for this matter The form of a pessarie may be thus A stringent pessaries â„ž gallar immaturar combust in aceto extinctar Ê’ii ammo Ê’ ss sang dracoâ— pulv rad symphyt sumach mastich fucci acaciae cornu cerust colophon myrrhae scoriae ferri an Ê’i caphur ℈ ii mix them and incorporate them all together with the juice of knot-grass syngreen night-shade hen-bane water-lillies plantain of each as much as is sufficient and make thereof a pessary Cooling things as Oxycrate unguentum rosatum and such like are with great profit used to the region of the loins thighs and genital parts but if this immoderate flux do come by erosion so that the matter thereof continually exulcerateth the neck of the womb let the place be annointed with the milk of a shee-Ass with barly-water or binding and astringent mucelages as of Psilium Quinces Gum Tragacanth Arabick and such like CHAP. LVIII Of Womens Fluxâ—s or the Whites The reason of the name BEsides the fore-named Flux which by the law of nature happeneth to women monthly there is also another called a Womans Flux because it is only proper and peculiar to them this sometimes wearieth the woman with a long and continual distillation from the womb The differences or through the womb comming from the whole body without pain no otherwise then when the whole superfluous filth of the body is purged by the reins or urine sometimes it returneth at uncertain seasons and sometimes with pain and exulcerating the places of the womb it differeth from the menstrual Flux because that this for the space of a few daies as it shall seem convenient to nature casteth forth laudable blood but this Womans Flux yeeldeth impure ill juice somtimes sanious sometimes serous and livid otherwhiles white and thick like unto barly-cream proceeding from flegmatick blood this last kind thereof is most frequent Therefore we see women that are phlegmatick and of a soft and loose habit of body to be often troubled with this disease and therefore they will say among themselves that they have the whites What women are apt to
this flux And as the matter is divers so it will stain their smocks with a different color Truly if it be perfectly red and sanguine it is to be thought it commeth by erosion or the exsolution of the substance of the vessels of the womb or of the neck thereof therefore it commeth very seldome of blood and not at all except the woman be either great with childe or cease to be menstrual for some other cause Womens flâ—x commeth veâ—y seldom of blood for then in stead of the monthly flux there floweth a certain whayish excrement which staineth her cloaths with the color of water wherein flesh is washed Also it very seldome proceeds of a melancholick humor and then for the most part it causeth a cancer in the womb But often-times the purulent and bloody matter of an ulcer lying hidden in the womb deceiveth the unskilful Chirurgian or Physician but it is not so hard to know these diseases one from the other for the matter that floweth from an ulcer By what signs an ulcer in the womb may be known from the white flowers because as it is said it is purulent it is also lesser grosser stinking and more white But those that have ulcers in those places especially in the neck of the womb cannot have copulation with a man without pain CHAP. LIX Of the causes of the Whites SOmetimes the cause of the Whites consisteth in the proper weakness of the womb or else in the uncleanness thereof and sometimes by the default of the principal parts For if the brain or the stomach be cooled or the liver stopped or schirrous many crudities are engendred which if they run or fall down into the womb that is weak by nature they cause the flux of the womb or Whites but if this Flux be moderate and not sharp How a womans flux is who eâ—â—me How it causeth diseases it keepeth the body from malign diseases otherwise it useth to infer a consumption leanness paleness and an oedematus swelling of the legs the falling down of the womb the dejection of the appetite and all the faculties and continual sadness and sorrowfulness from which it is very hard to perswade the sick woman because that her minde and heart will be almost broken by reason of the shame that she taketh How it leâ—teâ—h the concepâ—ion because such filth floweth continually it hindereth conception because it either corrupteth or driveth out the seed when it is conceived Often-times if it stoppeth for a few months the matter that stayeth there causeth an abscess about the wound in the body or neck thereof and by the breaking of the abscess there followeth rotten and cancerous ulcers sometimes in the womb sometimes in the groin and often in the hips This disease is hard to be cured not only by reason of it self Why it is hard to be cured as because all the whole filth and superfluous excrements of a womans body floweth down into the womb as it were into a sinke because it is naturally weak hath an inferior situation many vessels ending therein and last of all because the courses are wont to come through it as also by reason of the sick woman who oftentimes had rather die then to have that place seen the disease known or permit local medicines to be applied thereto for so saith Montanus An history that on a time he was called to a noble woman of Italy who was troubled with this disease unto whom he gave counsel to have cleansing decoctions injected into her womb which when she heard she fell into a swound and desired her husband never thereafter to use his counsel in any thing CHAP. LX. The cure of the Whites IF the matter that floweth out in this disease be of a red color it differeth from the natural monthly flux in this only because it keeps no order or certain time in its returning If the flux of a woman be red wherein it d ffereth from the menstrual flux Therefore phlebotomy and other remedies which we have spoken of as requisite for the menstrual flux when it floweth immoderately is here necessary to be used But if it be white or doth testifie or argue the ill juice of this or that humor by any other colour a purgation must be prescribed of such things as are proper to the humor that offends for it is not good to stop such a flux suddenly for it is necessary A womans flux is not suddenly to be stopped that so the body should be purged of such filth or abundance of humors for they that do hasten to stop it cause the dropsie by reason that this sink of humors is turned back into the liver or else a cancer in the womb because it is stayed there or a fever or other diseases according to the condition of the part that receiveth it Therefore we must not come to local detersives desiccatives restrictives unless we have first used universal remedies according to art Alum-baths baths of brimstone and of bitumen or iron are convenient for the whites that come of a phlegmatick humor What baths are profitable instead whereof baths may be made of the decoction of herbs that are hot dry and indued with an aromatick power with alom and pebbles or flint-stones red hot thrown into the same Let this be the form of a cleansing decoction and injection â„ž fol. absynth agrimon centinod burs-past an m. ss boil them together and make thereof a decoction in which dissolve mellis rosar â„¥ .ii aloes myrrhae salis uitri an Ê’i make thereof an injection the woman being so placed on a pillow under her buttocks that the neck of the womb being more high An astringent injection may be wide open when the injection is received let the woman set her legs across and draw them up to her buttocks and so she may keep that which is injected They that endeavor to dry and binde more strongly add the juice of acatia green galls the findes of pomegranats roch-alome Romane vitriol and they boil them in Smiths water and red-wine pessaries may be made of the like faculty The signs of a putrified ulcer in the womb If the matter that commeth forth be of an ill color or smell it is like that there is a rotten ulcer therefore we ought to inject those things that have power to correct the putrefaction among which Aegyptiacum dissolved in lie or red wine excelleth There are women which when they are troubled with a virulent Gonorrhaea The vâ—rulent Gonorrhaea is like unto the flux of women or an involuntary flux of the seed cloaking the fault with an honest name do untruly say that they have the whites because that in both these diseases a great abundance of filth is avoided But the Chyrurgian may easily perceive that malady by the rottenness of the matter that floweth out and he shall perswade himself that it will not be cured without salivation or fluxing
eggs and oil of lin-seed take oâ— each of them two ounces beat them together a long time in a leaden morter and therewith annoint the grieved part but if there be an inflammation put thereto a little Camphir CHAP. LXIV Of the itching of the womb What the itch of the womb IN women especially such as are old there often-times commeth an itching in the neck of the womb which doth so trouble them with pain and a desire to scratch that it taketh away their sleep Not long since a woman asked my counsel that was so troubled with this kinde of maladie that she was constrained to extinguish or stay the itching burning of her secret parts by sprinkling cinders of fire and rubbing them hard on the place I counselled her to take Aegypt dissolved in sea-water or lee A historie and inject it in her secret parts with a syringe and to wet stupes of flax in the same medicine and put them up into the womb and so she was cured Many times this itch commeth in the fundament or testicles of aged men The cause of the itch by reason of the gathering together or conflux of salt phlegm which when it falleth into the eyes it causeth the patient to have much ado to refrain scratching when this matter hath dispersed into the whole habit of the bodie it causeth a burning or itching scab which must be cured by a cooling and moistning diet by phlebotomie and purging of the salt humor by baths and horns applied with scaâ—ification and annointing of the whole bodie with the unction following The virtue of unguent enulat â„ž axung porcin recent lbi ss sap nig vel gallici salis nitri assat tartar staphysag an â„¥ ss sulph viv â„¥ i. argent viv â„¥ ii acet ros quart i. incorporate them all together and make thereof a liniment according to art and use it as is said before unguentum enulatum cum Mercurio is thought to have great force not without desert to asswage the itch and the drie scab Some use this that followeth â„ž alum spum nitr sulph viv an Ê’ vi staphys â„¥ i. let them all be dissolved in vinegar of Roses adding thereto butyr recent q. s make thereof a liniment for the fore-named use CHAP. LXV Of the relaxation of the great Gut or Intestine which happeneth to women The cause MAny women that have had great travel and strains in childe-birth have the great intestine called of the Latines crassum intestinum or Gut relaxed and slipped down which kinde of affect happeneth much to children by reason of a phlegmatick humor moistening the sphincter-muscle of the fundament and the two others called Levatores For the cure thereof The cure first of all the Gut called rectum intestinum or the strait Gut is to be fomented with a decoction of heating and resolving herbs as of Sage Rosemary Lavender Tyme and such like and then of astringent things as of Roses Myrtils the rindes of Pomegranats Cypress-nuts Galls with a little Alum then it must be sprinkled with the powder of things that are astringent without biting and last of all it is to be restored and gently put into its place That is supposed to be an effectual and singular remedy for this purpose An effectual remedy which is made of twelve red Snails put into a pot with â„¥ ss of Alum and as much of Salt and shaken up and down a long time for so at length when they are dead there will remain an humor which must be put upon Cotton and applyed to the Gut that is fallen down By the same cause that is to say of painful childe-birth in some women there ariseth a great swelling in the navel The diffâ—rences and signs for when the Peritonaeum is relaxed or broken sometimes the Kall and sometimes the Guts flip out many times flatulencies come thither the cause as I now shewed is over great straining or stretching of the belly by a great burthen carried in the womb and great travel in childe-birth if the falln-down Guts make that tumor pain joined together with that tumor doth vex the patient and if it be pressed you may hear the noise of the Guts going back again if it be the Kall then the tumor is soft and almost without pain neither can you hear any noise by compression if it be winde the tumor is loose and soft yet it is such as will yield to the pressing of the finger with some sound and will soon return again if the tumor be great it cannot be cured unless the peritonaeum be cut as it is said in the cure of ruptures In the Church-porches of Paris I have seen Beggar-women An historie who by the falling down of the Guts have had such tumors as big as a bowl who notwithstanding could go and do all other things as if they had been sound and in perfect health I think it was because the faeces or excrements by reason of the greatness of the tumor and the bigness or wideness of the intestines had a free passage in and out CHAP. LXVI Of the relaxation of the navel in children OFten-times in children newly born the navel swelleth as big an egg because it hath not been well cut or bound or because the whayish humors are flowed thither or because that part hath exâ—ended it self too much by crying by reason of the pains of the fretting of the childes guts An abscess not to be opened many times the childe bringeth that tumor joined with an abscess with him from his mothers womb but let not the Chirurgian assay to open that abscess for if it be opened the guts come out through the incision as I have seen in many and especially in a childe of my Lord Martigues for when Peter of the Rock the Chirurgian opened an abscess that was in it the bowels ran out at the incision and the infant died and it wanted but little that the Gentleman of my Lords retinue that were there had strangled the Chirurgian An historie Therefore when Iohn Gromontius the Carver desired me and requested me oâ— late that I would do the like in his son I refused to do it because it was in danger of its life by it alreadie and in three daies after the abscess broke and the bowels gushed out and the childe died CHAP. LXVII Of the pain that chiildren have in breeding of teeth CHildren are greatly vexed with their teeth The time of breeding of the teeth which cause great pain when they begin to â—reak as it were out of their shell or sheath and begin to come forth the gums being broken which for the most part happeneth about the seventh month of the childes age This pain commeth with itching and scratching of the gums an inflammation flux of the belly whereof many times commeth a fever falling of the hair a convulsion at length death The cause of the pain is the solution of the continuity of the
figure of a Colt with a Mans face At Verona Anno Dom. 1254. a Mare foaled a colt with the perfect face of a Man but all the rest of the body like an Horse a little after that the wars between the Florentines Pisans began by which all Italie was in a combustion The figure of a winged Monster About the time that Pope Julius the second raised up all Italie and the greatest part of Christendome against Lewis the twelfth the King of France in the year of our Lord 1512. in which year upon Easter day near Ravenna was sought that mortal battel in which the Popes forces were overthrown a monster was born in Ravenna having a Horn upon the crown of his head and besides two wings and one foot alone most like to the feet of birds of prey and in the knee thereof an eie the privities of male and female the rest of the body like a man as you see by this figure The third cause is an abundance of seed and overflowing matter The fourth the same in too little quantity and deficient The fift the force and efficacy of imagination The sixt the straightness of the womb The seventh the disorderly â—ire of the partie with childe and the position of the parts of the body The eight a fall strain or sâ—â—â—k especiall upon the belly of a woman with childe The ninth hereditary diseases or affects by any other accident The tenth the confusion and mingling together of the seed The eleventh the craft and wickedness of the deviâ— There are some others which are accounted for monsters because their original or essence full of admiration or do assume a certain prodigious form by the craft of some begging companions therefore we will speak briefly of them in their place in this our treatise of monsters CHAP. II. Of Monsters caused by too great abundance of seed SEeing we have already handled the two former and truly final causes of monsters we must now come to those which are material corporeal and efficient causes taking ouâ— beginning from that we call the too great abundance of the matter of seed It is the opinion of those Philosophers which have written of monsters that if at any time a creature bearing one at once as man shall cast forth more seed in copulation then is necessary to the generation of one body it cannot be that only one should be begot of all that therefore from thence either two or more must arise whereby it commeth to pass that these are rather judged wonders because they happen seldome and contrary to common custome Superfluous parts happen by the same cause that twins and many at one birth contrary to natures course do chance that is by a larger effusion of seed then is required for the framing of that part that so it exceeds either in number or else in greatness So Austin tells that in his time in the east an infant was born having all the parts from the belly upwards double but from thence downwards single and simple for it had two heads four eies two breasts four hands in all the rest like to another childe and it lived a littly while â—aliâ—s Rhodiginus saith he saw two monsters in Italie the oâ—e male the other female handsomely and neâ—rly made through all their bodies except their heads which were double the male died within a few daies after it was born but the female whose shape is here delineated lived twenty-five years which is contrary to the common custom of monsters for they for the most part are very short-liv'd because they both live and are born as it were against natures consent to which may be added they do not love themselves by reason they are made a scorn to others and that by that means lead a hated life But it is most remarkable which Lycosthenes telleth of a * Woman-monster for excepting her two heads she was framed in the rest of her body to an exact perfection her two heads had the like desire to eat and drink to sleep to speak and to do every thing she begged from dore to door every one giving to her freely Yet at length she was banisht Bavaria lest that by the frequent looking upon her the imagination of women with childe strongly moved should make the like impression in the infants they bare in their wombs The effigies of a * Maid with two heads The effigies of two a Girls whose backs grew together In the year of our Lord 1475. at Verona in Italie two a Girls were born with their backs sticking together from the lower part of the shoulders unto the very buttocks The novelty and strangeness of the thing moved their parents being but poor to carry them through all the chie towns in Italy to get mony of all such as came to see them The figure of a man with another growing out of him In the year 1530. There was a man to be seen at Paris out of whose belly another perfect in all his members except head hanged forth as if he had been grafted there The man was fortie years old and he carried the other implanted or growing out of him in his arms with such admiration to the beholders that many ran very earnestly to see him The effigies of a harned or hooded monster At Quiers a small village some ten miles from Turine in Savoy in the year 1578. upon the seventeenth day of January about eight a clock at night an honest matron brought forth a childe having five horns like to Rams horns set opposite to one another upon his head he had also a long piece of flesh like in some sort to a French hood which women use to wear hanging down from his forehead by the nape of his neck almost the length of his back two other pieces of flesh like the collar of a shirt were wrapped about his neck the fingers ends of both his hands somewhat resembled a Hawks talons and his knees seemed to be in his hams the right leg and the right foot were of a very red colour the rest of the body was of a tawnie color it is said he gave so terrible a scritch when he was brought forth that the Midwives and the rest of the women that were at her labor were so frighted that they presently left the house and ran away When the Duke of Savoy heard of this monster he commanded it should be brought to him which performed one would hardly think what various censures the Courtiers gave of it The monster you see here delineated was found in the middle and innermost part of an* Egg with the face of a man but hairs yielding a horrid representation of Snakes the chin had three other snakes stretched forth like a beard It was first seen at Autun at the house of one Bancheron a Lawyer a maid breaking many eggs to butter the white of this egg given a Cat presently killed her Lastly this monster comming to the hands of the Baron Senecy was
brought to King Charls the ninth being then at Metz. * The shape of a monster found in an Egg. The effigies of a monstrous b Childe having two heads two arms and four legs In the year 1546. a woman at Paris in her sixth month of her account brought forth a b Childe having two heads two armes and four legs I dissecting the body of it found but one heart by which one may know it was but one infant For you may know this from Aristotle whether the monstrous birth be one or more joyned together by the principal part for if the body have but one heart it is but one if two it is double by the joyning together in the conception In the year 1569. a certain woman of Towers was delivered of * Twins joyned together with one head and naturally embracing each other Renatus Ciretus the famous Chirurgian of thoâ—e paâ—ts sent me their Sceleton The pâ—rtraiture of * Twins joined together with one head The effigies of two c Girls being twins jâ—ined together by their fore-heads Munster writes that in the village Bristan not far from Worms in the year 1495. he saw two c Girls perfect and entire in every part of their bodies but they had their foreheads so joined together that they could not be parted or severed by any art they lived together ten years then the one dying it was needful to separate the living from the dead but she did not long out-live her sister by reason of the malignity of the wound made in parting them asunder In the year of our Lord 1570. the twentieth of Julie at Paris in the street Gravilliers at the sign of the Bell these two infants weâ—e boâ—n differing in sex with that shape of body that you see here expressed in the figure They were baptized in the Church of St. Nicolas of the fâ—elds and named Ludâ—vicus and Ludâ—vica their father was a Mason his name was Peter Germane his surname Petit Dieu i. little-God his mothers name was Mathea Petronilla The shape of the infants lately born at Paris In the year 1572. in Pont de See near Anger 's a little town were born upon the tenth daie of Julie two girles perfect in their limbs but that they had out four fingerr a piece on their left hands they clave together in their fore parts from their breast to their navel which was but one as their heart also but one their liver was divided into four lobes they lived half an hour and were baptized The figure of two girls joined together in their breasts and belly The figure of a childe with two heads and the body as big as one of four moneths old Var. lect lib. 24. cap. â— Caelius Rhodiginus tells that in a town of his country called Sarzano Italie being troubled with civil Wars there was born a monster of unusual bigness for he had two heads having all his limbs answerable in greatness and tallness to a childe of four months old between his two heads which were both alike at the setting on of the shoulder it had a third hand put forth which did not exceed the ears in length for it was not all seen it was born the 5. of the Ides of March 1514. The figure of one with four legs and as manie arms Jovianus Pontanus tells in the year 1529. the ninth daie of Januarie there was a man childe born in Germanie having four arms and as many legs The figure of a man out of whose belly another head shewed it self In the year that Francis the first King of France entered into league with the Swisses there was born a monster in Germanie out the midst of whose bellie there stood a great head it came to mans age and his lower and as it were inserted head was nourished as much as the true and upper head The shape of two Monstrous Twins being but of one only Sex The shape of a monstrous Pig In the year 1572. the last day of February in the parish of Vinban in the way as you go from Carnuta to Paris in a small village called Bordes one called Cypriana Giranda the wife of James Merchant a husbandman brought forth this monster whose shape you see here delineated which lived until the Sunday following being but of one only sex which was the female In the year 1572. on Easter Munday at Metz in Lorain in the Inn whose signe is the Holie Ghost a Sow pigged a pig which had eight legs four ears and the head of a dog the hinder part from the belly downward was parted in two as in twins but the fore-parts grew into one it had two tongues in the mouth with four teeth in the upper jaw and as many in the lower The sex was not to be distinguished whether it were a Bore or Sow pig for there was one slit under the tail and the hinder parts were all rent and open The shape of this Monster as it is here set down was sent me by Borgesius the famous Physician of Metz. CHAP. III. Of women bringing many Children at one birth WOman is a creature bringing usually but one at a birth but there have been some who have brought forth two some three some four some five six or more at one birth Empedocles thought that the abundance of seed was the cause of such numerous births the Stoiks affirm the divers cells or partitions of the womb to be the cause 4 De gen anim c. p. 4. for the seed being variously parted into these partitions and the conception divided there are more children brought forth no otherwise then in rivers the water beating against the rocks is turned into divers circles or rounds But Aristotle saith there is no reason to think so for in women that parting of the womb into cells as in dogs and sows taketh no place for womens wombs have but one cavitie parted into two recesses the right and left nothing comming between except by chance distinguished by a certain line for often twins lie in the same side of the womb Aristotles opinion is that a woman cannot bring forth more then five children at one birth The maid of Augustus Cesar brought forth five at a birth and a short while after she and her children died In the year 1554. at Bearn in Switzerland the wife of Dr. John Gelenger brought forth five children at one birth three boyes and two girls Albucrasis affirms a woman to have been the mother of seven children at one birth and another who by some external injurie did abort brought forth fifteen perfectly shaped in all their parts Lib. 7. Cap 11. Cap 3. Plinie reports that it was extant in the writings of Physicians that twelve children were born at one birth and that there was another in Peloponnesus which four several times was delivered of five children at one birth and that the greater part of those children lived It is reported by Dalechampiâ—â— that Bonaventura the slave of one Savil a gentleman of
so that the Physitians could give her no ease behold on a sudden she vomited up long and crooked nails and brass needles wrapped up with wax and hairs and at length a great gobbet of flesh so big that a Giants jaws could scarce swallow it But that which happened in the year of our redemption 1539. in a certain town called Fugenstal in the Bishoprick of Eistet exceeds all credit unless there were eye-witnesses of approved integrity yet living In this town one Vlrich Nusesser an husbandman was tormented with grievous pain in the one side of his belly he suddenly got hold of an iron key with his hand under the skin which was not hurt the which the Barbar-Surgeon of the place cut out with a razor yet for all this the pain ceased not but he grew every day worse then other wherefore expecting no other remedy but death he got a knife and cut his throat His dead body was opened and in his stomach were found a round and loggish piece of wood four steel knives part sharp and part toothed like a saw and two sharp pieces of iron each whereof exceeded the length of a span there was also as it were a ball of hair All these things were put in by the craft and deceit of the devil Thus far Langius CHAP. XVIII Of the Cozenages and crafty Tricks of Beggars HAving treated of Monsters it follows that we speak of those things which either of themselvs by reason of their nature full of admiration have some kind of monstrousness in them or else from some other wayes as by the craft and cozenage of men And because to the last mentioned crafts of the Devill the subtle devices of begging companions are somewhat alike therefore I will handle them in the next place that the Surgeon being admonished of them may be more cautious and cunning in discerning them when he meets with them An history of a counterfeit arm Anno Dom. 1525. when I was at Anjou there stood a crafty beggar begging at the Church door who tying and hiding his own arm behind his back shewed in stead thereof one cut from the body of one that was hanged and this he propped up and bound to his brest and so laid it open to view as if it had been all enflamed so to move such as passed by unto greater commiseration of him The cozenage lay hid every one giving him mony untill at length his counterfeit arm not being surely fastened fell upon the ground many seeing and observing it he being apprehended and laid in prison by the appointment of the Magistrate was whipped through the Town with his false arm hanging before him and so banished Another of a cancrous brest I had a brother called John Parey a Surgeon who dwelt in Vitre in Britain he once observed a young woman begging who shewed her breast as if it had a cancrous ulcer thereon looking fearfully by reason of much sordid filth wherewith it seemed to defile the cloth that lay under it But when as he had more diligently beheld the womans face and the fresh color thereof as also of the places about the ulcer and the good habit of the whole body agreeable to that color for she was somewhat fat and of a very good habit of body he was easily hereby induced to suspect some roguery and deceit He acquainted the Magistrate with this his suspicion and got leave that he might carry her home to his house so to search her more narrowly Where opening her breast he found under her arm-pit a sponge moistned with a commixture of beasts blood and milk and carried through an elder-pipe to the hidden holes of her counterfeit cancer Therefore he foments her breast with warm water and with the moisture thereof looseth the skins of black green and yellow frogs laid upon it and stuck together with glew made of bole armenick the white of an egg and flower and these being thus fetched off he found her breast perfectly sound The beggar being cast for this into prison confessed that she was taught this trick by a beggar that lay with her who himself also by putting about his leg an Oxes Milt and perforating it in sundry places that so the forementioned liquor might drop out counterfeited an ulcer of a monstrous bigness and malignity covering the edges of the Milt on every side with a filthy cloth This beggar was diligently enquired after but could not be found and so she was whipped and banished Of one feigning himself leprous Within less then a year after there came into the same city a notable crafty companion who presently taking up the Church doors laid open his wares to wit a Kercher with some small pieces of mony lying thereon a wooden Barrel and * Ciquets are things made somewhat resembling a small wooâ—catd but have two or three little pieces of boâ—rds so fastned together wiâ—h leather that they will make a great noise with them and these are used by the French beggars Cliquets where-with he would ever now and then make a great noise his face was spread over with great thick pustles being of a blackish red color and made with glue like those that have the Leprosie this his ghastly look made him to be pitied by all men which was the cause that every one gave him mony Then my brother came somewhat nearer him and asked him how long he had been troubled with this so cruel disease he answered with an obscure and hoarse voice that he was born a Leper from his Mothers womb and that his parents both died of this wicked disease so that their members sell away piece-meal Now he had a woollen swathe about his chaps wherewith having his left hand under his cloak he so straitned his chaps that much black blood rose into his face and made him so hoarse that he could scarce speak yet he could not contain himself but that in speaking he ever now and then slackned the swathe with his hand the freelier to draw his breath which when my brother had observed suspecting some cozenage he obtained leave of the Magistrate to search and examine the man whether he were truly leprous or no. First therefore he took away his swathe or rowler that was about his neck then washed his face with warm water so that the counterfeit glewed pustles were dissolved and his face free from all tainture shewed it self of a good and natural colour and shape Then he laid bare his whole body and diligently viewed each part and found no sign of a Leprosie one or other Which when the Magistrate once heard he made him to be put in prison and to be thrice whipped through the streets of the city with his barrel hanging before him and his cliquets behind him adding thereto the punishment of perpetual banishment It hapned that as he was whipped the third market-day the people cried out to the hang-man in jest that he should not fear to lash him
faculties 689. their second third and fourth faculties 690 691. the preparation 693 the composition necessary and use thereof 701 Megtim the causes c. thereof 401 Melancholy the tempers thereof 7. the nature consistence c 8. the effects thereof 9. of it corrupted 10 Melancholick persons their complexions c. 11. why they hurt themselves 504 Meliceris what kinde of tumor 193 Membranosus musculus 164 Memory what 598 Menstrual flux signs of the fitst approach thereof 635. See Courses Meninges their number c. 114 Mercury sublimate its caustick force 521. the cure ibid. Meremaid 669 Mesentery its substance c. 74. the tumors thereof 621. the sink of the body ibid. Midriff its substance c. 98. signs of the wounds thereof 274 Milk soon corrupts in a Phlegmatick stomach 605. the choice thereof ibid. how to drive it downwards 613 Millipes cast forth by urine 488 Milt See Spleen Mola the reason of the name and how bred 618. how to be discerned from a true conception ibid. a history and description of a strange one 619. the figure thereof ibid. what cure to be used thereto 620 Mollifying medicines 796 Monk's hood the poyson and cure 517 Monstrous creatures bred in man 488 Monsters what 642. their causes and descriptions ibid. c. caused by defect of seed 651. by imagination 653. by straitness of the womb 654. by the site of the mother by a stroak c. ibid. by confusion of the seed of divers kindes by the craft of the devil of the Sea 669 c. Morse Sea-calf or Elephant 671 672 Mortification and the signs thereof 321 Mother See Womb. Mothers fittest to nurse their own Children 605. their milk most familiar to them ibid. Motion which voluntary 16. taken for all manner of exercise 23 Mouth and the parts thereof 135. the ulcers and their cure 335. how to prevent and heal them in cure of the Lues Venerea 407 Mummy frequently used in contusions 314. not good therein 315 Mundificatives 697 Muscles what 63. their differences and whence taken ibid. and 64. c. their parts 65. a further inquiry into the parts of them ibid. Muscles of the Epigastrium 66. of the fundament 73. of the testicles 83. of the bladder 86. of the yard 87. the broad muscle 126. that open and shut the eye ibid. of the eye 127 of the nose 130. of the face 131. of the lower jaw ibid. of the bone Hyoides 134. of the tongue ibid. of the Larinx 136. of the Epiglottis 137. of the neck 140. of the chest and loins 146 146. of the shoulder-blade 147. of the arm 151. of the cubit 153. moving the hand 156. of the inside of the hand 157. moving the thigh 163. of the leg 164. moving the foot 168. of the toes 169. an epitome or brief recital of all the muscles 173 c Musculous skin of the head 111. the wounds thereof and their cure 255 Musculosae vene 81. Arteriae 107 Mushroms their hurtful and deadly quality and the cure 518 Musick the power thereof 33 Mudriasis a disease of the eye the cause and cure 408 N NAils why added to the fingers 148. why grow continually ibid. whence generated 156 Napellus the poysonous quality and cure 517 Narcoticks 183. cautions in their use 188. improperly termed Anodynes 701 Nata what 193 Nates 117 Nature oft doth strange things in curing diseases 272 Natural parts and their division 56 Natural See Things Faculties Actions Navel what the figure and composure 94. the generation thereof 594. the relaxation thereof in children 641. the swelling or standing forth thereof 216. the cure ibid. Nautilus or sailing-fish 676 Neck and the parts thereof 137. the wounds thereof 273. the dislocation thereof 376 Necrosis or mortification 321 Nerves what 65. their distribution to the natural parts 79. of the sixth conjugation and their distribution 106. Ramus costalis ibid. recurrens ibid. stomachicus ibid. their seven conjugations 119 Nerves of the neck back and arms 150. of the loins holy-bone and thigh 160 Nerves and nervous parts their wounds 282. their cure ibid. Night-shade the deadly night-shade his poysonous quality and the cure 518 Nightingals sing excellently 47 Nipples 96. how to help their soreness 608 Nodus what 193 Nodules their form and use 715 Nothern people how tempered 12 13 Nose and the parts thereof 130. the wounds thereof 272. their cure ibid. how to supply the defects thereof 564. the ulcers thereof 335. theit cure ibid. the fracture 352 Nurses their cerror in binding lacing of children 378. they may infect children with the Lues Venerea and be infected by them 463. participate their diseases to their children 605. the choice of them ibid c. of their diet and other circumstances 607. c. Nutrition what 14 15 Nymphae 91 O OBlique descendent muscles 66. ascendent muscles 67 Obliquator externus musculus 156 Obturatores musculi 163 Oedema what 190. which tumors referred thereto 181. the differences thereof 190. the causes ibid. signs prognosticks cure ibid. 191 Oesophagus or gullet the substance Attractive force c. thereof 110. the magnitude figure site temper and action ibid. Oil of whelps the description and use thereof 286. it helps forward the scaling of bones 482 Oils and the several making of them 705 731. by distillation 732. out of gums 733 734 Ointments their differences descriptions and use 706 c. Old-age and the division thereof 5. it is a disease 21 Old wives medicines 663 Olecranum what 154 Omentum or the Kall the substance magnitude figure and composure thereof 69 70. the connexion tempet and two-fold use ibid. it sometimes hinders conception ibid. Operations of Surgery of what nature 1. why some which are mentioned by the Antients are omitted by the Author 753 Opium why not used in poysoning 518. the symptoms caused by it and their cure 519 Order to be observed in eating our meat c. 22. in lying to sleep 24 Organical parts which 54. what observable in each of them ibid. Orifices of the heart 102 Orpiment the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 521 Os ossa occipitis 113. Basiliare ibid. Coronale ibid Bregmatis sive parietalia ibid. Petrosa ibid Cuniforme sive phenoides ibid. Ethmoides cribrosum seu spongiosum ibid. Zygoma sive jugale 124. Hyoides hypsiloides c. 134. c. Sesamoida 156. Ilium 161. Ischium ibid. Pubis ibid. Innominata 167. See Bones Ozaena a filthy ulcer of the nose the cause and cure 335 P PAin and the â—ouses thereof 178 It must be asswaged 333 The d iscommodities thereof ibid. In wounds how helped ibid. Palat the nerves holes and coat thereof c. 135 How to supply the defects thereof 567 Palmaris musculus 157 Palsie the differences causes c. thereof 236. The cure ibid. Follows upon wounds of the neck 273 Pancreas the substance site c. thereof 75 c. The tumors thereof 621 Pannicle See fleshy Pap how to be made for children 608. and the condition
thereof 422. what to be done when the stone falls into the ureter 423. signs it is faln out of the ureter into the bladder 424. what to be done when it is in the neck of the bladder or the passage of the yard ibid. how to cut for the stone in the bladder 427 428. c. how to cure the wound 431. to help the ulcer when the urine flows out by it 433. how to cut women for the stone ibid. divers strange ones mentioned 667 c. Storks their piety 40 Stoves how to be made 721 Strangury the causes c. thereof 438. a virulent one what 472. the causes and differences thereof ibid. prognosticks 473. from what part the matter thereof flows ibid. the general cure 474. the proper cure ibid. why it succeedeth immoderate copulation 591 Strangulation of the mother or womb 628. signs of the approach thereof 629 the causes and cure 630 Strengthening medicines See Corroborating Strumae See Kings-evil Sublimate See Mercury Subclavian See Artery and Vein Subclavius musculus 146 Succarath a Beast of the West Indies 40 Suffusio See Cataract Suggillations See Contusions Summer the temper thereof 6 Supinatores musculi 156 Suppuration the signs thereof 179. caused by natural heat 195 Suppuratives 183 195. an effectual one 305. their differences c. 696. how they differ from emollients ibid. Superfoetation what 617. the reason thereof ibid. Suppositories their difference form and use 704 Suppression of Urine See Urine Surgery what 1. the operation thereof ibid Surgeons what necessary for them 1. their office 2. the choice of such as shall have a care of those sick of the Plague 535 they must be careful in making Reports 742. how long in some cases they must suspend their judgements ibid. they must have a care lest they bring Magistrates into an error 747. how to Report or make Certificates in divers cases ibid. c. Sutures of the scull their number c. 112. want in some ibid. why not to be trepaned 113 201. Sutures in wounds their sorts and manner how to be performed 231 232 Sweating sickness 531 Sweet-bread 75 Sweet waters 724 Swine assist their fellows 44 Symptms their definition and division 28 Sympathy and Antipathy of living creatures 48 Symphysis a kinde of articulation 173 Synarcosis Synarthrosis Synchondrosis Syneurosis 172 173 Synochus putrida its cause and cure 186 T. TAsparia what 193 Tarentulas poysonous bite and cure 33 Tarsus what 127 Tastes what their differences 591 692 their several denominations and natures ibid. 693 Tasteing what 16 Teeth their number division and use 125. wherein they differ from other bones ibid. pain of them how helped 283. their affects 414. how to draw them 415. to cleanse them 417. how to supply their defect 564. to help the pain in breeding them 641 Temporal muscle 131. what ensues the cutting thereof 262 Temperament what the division thereof 4. ad pondus ibid ad justitiam ibid. Of a bone ligament gristle tendon vein artery 5. of ages ibid. of humors 7 Temper of the four seasons of the year 6. native temper how changed 12 Temperatures in particular as of the southern northern c. people ibid. Tensores musculi 163 Tentigo 29 Tertian agues or fevers their causes c. 189. their cure ibid. c. Testicles their substance 83. in women 87. their wounds 281 Testudo what 193 Tettars their kindes and causes 188. their cure ibid. c. 723. occasioned by the Lues venerea 483. their cure ibid. Thanacth a strange beast 683 Thenar musculus 158 169 Thigh the nerves thereof 160. its proper parts 161. and wounds thereof 282 Thigh-bone the appendices and processes thereof 161. the fracture and cure 359. nigh to the joint 361. its dislocation 393 394. See Hip. Things natural 2. not natural 19. why so called ibid. against nature 27 Thorax the chest and parts thereof 94 Thoracea arteria 107 Throat how to get out bones such like things that stick therein 413 Throttle and the parts thereof 136 Throws and their cause 602 Thumus what 109 Tibia 164 Tibiaeus anticus musculus 168. posticus 169 Tinea what 399 Toad his bite and cure 511 Tongue its quantity c. 135. its wounds its cure 172. its impediments and contraction and the cure 417. to supply its defects 566. Tonsillae 220. their inflammations and their cure ibid. Tooth ach the causes signs c. 413 Tophi or knots at the joints in some that have the gout how caused 458. the Lues venerea how helped 478 Torpedo his craft and stupefying force 510 Touching how performed 16 Touca a strange bird 680 Trapezius musculus 147 Transverse muscles of the Epigastrium 68 Triacle how useful in the gout 451. how it dulls the force of simple poysons 502 Trepan when to be applyed 242 their description 260. where to be applied 262 Trepaning why used 258. how performed 259. a caution in performance hereof ibid. Triangulus musculus 146 Triton 669 Transversarius musculus 143 Trusses their form and use 218 Tumors their differences 177. their general causes signs 178. general cure 180. which hardest to be be cured ibid. the four principall ibid. flatulent and watrish their signs and cure 191. of the gums 207. of the almonds of the throat 208. of the navel 216. of the groin and cods ihid of the knees 224 Turtles 40. Tympany See Dropsie V VAlves of the heart their action site c. 102 Varicous bodies 83 Varices what their causes signs and cure 339 Vas breve seu venosum 78 Vasa ejaculatoria 84 Vasti musculi 165 Vein what 66. Gate-vein and its distribution 77. descendent hollow vein and its distribution 80. ascendent â—o low vein and its distribution 103. they are more then arteries 106. those of the eyes 130. which to be opened in the inflammation of the eyes ibid. the cephalick 148. Median ibid. distribution of the subclavian vein ibid. of the axillary 149. of the crural 159 Vena porta 77. cava 80. arteriosa 102. phrenicae coronales azygos intercostalis mammariae 103. cervicalis musculosa ibid. axillaris humeralis jugulaâ—is interna externa 104. recta pubis 148. cephalica humeraria mediana 106. salvatella splenica 149. sapheia vel saphena ischiadica 159. muscula poplitea suralis ischiadica major ibid. Venery its discommodities in wounds of the head 255 Venemous bites and stings how to be cured 503 Venom of a mad dog outwardly applyed causeth madness 505 Ventoses their form and use 442 Ventricle See Stomach Ventricles of the brain 122 Verdegrease its poysonous quality and cure 521 Vertebrae and their processes 138. of the neck 137. of the holy-bonâ— 140. how differ nt from those of the loins 145. Tenth of the back how to the middle of the spine 145. their dislocation 376. See Spine Vertigo its causes and signs 401. the cure ibid. Vessels for distillation 726 c. Vesicatories why better then cauteries in cure of a pestilent bubo 551 whereof made 700. their