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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57997	The history of the Turkish Empire, from the year 1623, to the year 1677 Containing the reigns of the three last emperors, viz. Sultan Morat, or Amurat IV. Sultan Ibrahim, and Sultan Mahomet IV, his son, the thirteenth emperor, now reigning. By Sir Paul Rycaut, late consul of Smyrna.	Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.; Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610. Generall historie of the Turkes. aut; Manley, Roger, Sir, 1626?-1688. History of the Turkish Empire continued. aut; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. Memoirs. aut; White, Robert, 1645-1703,	1687 (1687)	Wing R2407; ESTC R8667	720,857	331

thereunto he received a Recruit of five and twenty thousand Men from the Morea But the daily increase of the Pasha's Forces and his approach towards Constantinople as it was a Matter of the highest Consequence so it required the most prudence and caution in the management In the first place therefore by Fetfa or Resolve from the Mufti the Pasha was declared a Rebel and guilty of High Treason against the Sultan notwithstanding which a Chaous was dispatched with Letters of Pardon if now repenting of his Fault he would disband his Army and return to his former Obedience he should be received into Grace and Favour The Pasha received the Chaous with the same Ceremony and Honour as if he had been an Ambassador being willing to consider him under that Character rather than under the Notion of a Pursuivant or Officer sent to affright him into his Duty and in Answer to the Message replied That it was not in his power to condescend to any Conditions for that since he had assumed the Cause of this Youth who was the Son of Sultan Morat concealed to that Age by his Mother for fear of the Power of his Uncle he could not assent to any Terms or Conditions less than the Exaltation of him to the Ottoman Throne And so carrying this Young Man with him as a Property whereby to cover his Rebellion with the Guise of Justice and Duty he maintained a Court for him after the Ottoman Fashion and causing the Tagho or Standards to be carried before him he permitted him to give Audiences send Dispatches and to take on him all the Royal Marks of Empire The Army of the Pasha was by this time encreased to seventy thousand Men one part of which he sent towards Scutari and another towards Smyrna which alarm'd all the Countries round about and gave the Grand Signior such cause of Apprehension that he tried divers Means and made many Propositions of Honours and Benefits to the Pasha whereby to allure him to Obedience One while he offered to him the Government of Grand Cairo but that being rejected he endeavoured to raise Men in Asia to oppose the progress of his Arms of which some numbers being got into a Body and perceiving the formidable Force of the Pasha revolted and joined themselves to his Party This Extremity of Affairs caused the Grand Signior not only again to proclaim the Pasha a Rebel but to give liberty to his People to destroy him and his Souldiers in any parts where they should encounter them In pursuance of which License a Village in Asia having killed twenty five or thirty of the Pasha's Men which came thither to refresh themselves the Pasha was so enraged thereat that he caused his Souldiers to put Man Woman and Child to the Sword throughout the Village And in this manner the Affairs of the Turks remained in the greatest Confusion imaginable through the whole course of this Year 1658. ANNO 1659. NOR did this Year begin with better Omens of Success for to the other Dangers was added a Report that the Persian had taken the Field with two hundred thousand Men for recovery of Bagdat or Babylon which was the ancient Patrimony of his Forefathers so that the Grand Signior being rendred thereby more willing to agree and accommodate Affairs with the Pasha proffered to him the Government of the Province of Soria for ever paying only a yearly Homage of an hundred thousand Sultanees in lieu of three hundred thousand which that Country always yielded But the Pride of the Pasha scorned a Proffer of so mean a Consideration having nothing less in his Thoughts than the entire enjoyment of the Empire or at least to partake an equal share thereof with the Sultan For the Hopes of the Pasha encreasing with his Army which was now grown to eighty thousand Men he took up for some days his Head-quarters near the Fortress of Tocacaia within the days march of Smyrna and thence approaching towards Constantinople the chief Ministers concluded that there was no other Safety but in their Arms and that the Pasha was not to be reduced to any terms of Gentleness or Moderation Accordingly the Great Vizier passed into Asia with a numerous Army and speedily joined Battel with the Pasha which continued for some Hours with great slaughter on one side and the other but at length the fortune of the Day turned in favour of the Pasha and the Vizier's Army being routed he lost all his Cannon and Baggage and he himself was forced to save himself in the Neighbouring Countries where not being pursued by the Pasha he had time again to collect his torn and scattered Troops The News hereof multiplied the Disorders and Confusions at Constantinople to which being added the Motion of the Persians and that they were to join with the Pasha as also some Troubles in Transylvania caused by the unquiet Spirit of Ragotski together with the ill Humour of the Male-contents in the City made all things appear with equal or greater Danger at Home than Abroad Wherefore as the ultimate Remedy of these imminent Dangers it was resolved that the Grand Signior should go in Person to the War on supposition that Reverence to his Royal Person would produce that awe on the Spirits of his Subjects which was not to be effected by Violence or force of Arms. According to this Resolution the Grand Signior passed into Asia and joining his Forces with those of the Vizier composed an Army of seventy thousand Foot and thirty thousand Horse with which marching boldly towards the Enemy the Heart of the Pasha began to fail him so that calling a Council of his Officers he proposed his Inclinations towards Terms of Agreement rather than to hazard all on the Uncertainties of a Battel the Spirits of the Souldiery being now become tractable by the appearance of so great a Force assented to the Proposition and thereupon Articles being speedily drawn up were sent to the Grand Signior for his Approbation who though he would not seem to refuse any thing therein contained yet declined a personal Treaty as being a Matter too mean for his Imperial Person to capitulate with his Vassals and therefore ordered that Mortaza Pasha should Treat in his behalf promising to confirm whatsoever Act Mortaza Pasha should conclude in this Matter Mortaza being thus made Plenipotentiary refused to treat with the Pasha until such time as he had retreated with his Army at a distance of some days March from the Grand Signior's Camp which being performed near a Town called Alexandria he foolishly suffered himself to be separated in a private Place from his Army on pretence that Peace was more aptly concluded in a free Retirement than under the constraint and force of the Souldiery Here Mortaza meeting the Pasha forcibly strangled him with seventeen of his Complices whom he had brought with him for Witnesses to his Capitulations with the Grand Signior With the news hereof the Army of the Pasha soon disbanded every

Abuses and destructive Courses against those here tending not only to the confiscation of Ships and Estates but the risgo of enslaving our Bodies if not the loss of all or some of our Lives had his Hellish Plots taken effect The next day after our general Commitment arrives five more of our fellow Factors from Smyrna there seized upon and made Prisoners and so by his Lordship's Command in that nature brought to his House and put amongst us notwithstanding the advice from their Correspondents hence was at Smyrna before their departure thence that their part of Leviation Mony was all paid in here yet their Leviation with one third more in Monies and Goods was takne again from them by his impudently impious Ministers there and all the rest of their Goods continued sealed up So the Intent as your Worships may plainly perceive was no other than first to get the Monies here paid then to seize upon their Persons and next to take away and secure their Estates thereby to prevent a just reasonable and natural Defence and now it too plainly appears because his Lordship's Imployers had taken course no Messengers should come unto us Horsemen are daily dispatched unto us by our Friends at Smyrna advising us to the 20th Instant of the unnatural and devouring Progressions they had there made which was done by the assistance of the Caddie whom they had well bribed beginning to act there at the same time as we were here all imprisoned so there was no intent of staying for our Answer to his extravagant Demands They first fell upon Mr. Lancelot's House thence proceed all throughout the Nation so that they have not only taken away all the Goods Monies and Effects whatsoever they could find in their Houses at Home or Abroad but broke open and ransack'd all our Chambers Trunks and Counting-houses which mounteth to a far greater value than his demands of Dollars 160000 and by large Promises to Informers endeavour to discover and take what is owing them abroad by People of the Country and have so threatned our Friends and Servants to deliver our Books and declare where 's more of our Estates that they are constrained to leave our naked Houses to the open World and betake themselves to the Ships in Port for Refuge All this it seems contents them not but are contriving Provisions by policy and force of some Rogues of the Country to unlade what Goods the Nation had put on board the Jonas For all which we have not only the advice of our distressed Friends there but such infallible Information as your Worships may perceive by the inclosed authentick Copies of Letters from his Instruments at Smyrna to his Lordship here by which you will too plainly perceive his Lordship did and still doth aim at all the Estate the Nation had in the Country and for that cause he was so much enraged for the departure of the Hercules and William and Thomas whose Goods he esteemed as so much loss to him We have been now seven days out of his Lordship's hands and are endeavouring to free that Estate they have already taken at Smyrna as also to defend our Selves and your Estates in future from him and free the Ships out of Port which no question at last will be proved have been detained by his Lordship to this ill purpose and if possible to procure the return of Dollars 20 in 30000 his Lordship hath unavoidably forced from us in the Leviation Accompt upon strange Pretences All which by the assistance of our obliged and worthy Friend Signior Illustrissimo Coppes together with the expence of Dollars 30 in 40000 to the Vizier and other Turkish Ministers we doubt not but speedily to effect for without this honest defensive Remedy we can expect nothing but ruin to all your Estate in the Country which still he threatneth and endeavours by all his devilish Policy and Means to effect But the Vizier and the two Caddeleskiers who are our Judges are so possest with the Truth and Reason of our Cause as well by the People of the Country as our Selves that they have given us full assurance by Promises Protestations and sound Probabilities that our just Demands shall be accomplished for which we all faithfully and earnestly endeavour Night and Day and so do hourly expect a good determination of it and till there be an Issue or Settlement given to this our confused Condition which we hope will not continue for many days no particular Principal must expect Advice from any Factor here because no private Man can fitly advise any thing till the general Business be better ordered And as we proceed therein we shall by all Ways and Conveyances give your Worships a true and exact Account We do humbly beseech your Worships to acknowledg the good Offices of the State 's Agent to their Ambassador with you and so fully certify him that Illustr Sign Coppes appeared no ways against his Lordship as Ambassador or trenching on the King's Honour but respectfully and modestly for the safety of your Estates To particularize all Passages and Circumstances in this Business would prove more troublesom than needful to your Worships so please to accept of this Relation for this is the present stat● of yours and our Condition which though not so well as we could wish yet better than we could imagine for the Hand was up the Match lighted and a little more time would have blown up all We need not put your Worships in mind speedily to send us another Protector seeing the Necessity of your Occasions craves it too plainly and in confidence of your speedy Resolution thereof we shall continue hoping our Desires will be satisfied and the Estates in better security by his speedy arrival here which God in Mercy grant His Lordship's Cause is so bad that Signor Dominico your Secretary Signior George and all other Druggermen have not only declined his Lordship but apply themselves to us and especially the former In fine we conceive his Lordship finds his former bad Proceedings have made him uncapable to return into England and also uncertain of his Residence here which together with the improvident use he hath made of his Golden Time that he intended to seize upon all He and his unworthy Instruments could catch hold of for to this purpose he diverted the Golden Fleece's advantagious Design for Venice which at first was approved and caused by his own consent and occasioned her Factor here to whom she was consigned to let her him to fraight that so Himself Family and undue gotten Estate may be conveyed as in supposed into France with whose Ambassador there hath been often a more than ordinary correspondency of late Galata of Constantinople June 28. 1646. Before the sealing up of our Letter we have procured an Imperial Command for the recovering of the Estate into our Hands taken away at Smyrna as also for the attaching the Persons and bringing those good Agents of his Lordships hither to answer

only true and lawful Possessor Nor did the Turks only vent their anger and disdain in words but also by the sad and calamitous effects of War passing without farther parly into the Emperors Dominions in Hungary Count Serini builds a Fortress on the Turks Dominions 1661. where they put all to fire and sword Count Serini perceiving evidently hereby that the War was broken forth and that it was not longer time to stand at a gaze and not make necessary Provisions for defence about the beginning of June he laid the foundations of a Fortress on the Banks of the River Muer within the Dominions of the Turks about a League distant from Canisia and in memory of his Family and Name called it Serinswar a place convenient to assault and offend the Enemy and to fix the Bulwark or Redoubt of the Province of Stiria which work was laid with that secresie and executed with such expedition that it was almost finished before it was known or notice taken thereof by the Turks but so soon as it was discovered and the News arrived at Constantinople the old-Vizier Kuperlee stormed with rage and in his height of passion signed a Command for strangling the Pasha of Canisia for not timely preventing the Erection of that Fort in its beginning In like manner this work was an occasion of disgust at Vienna for though the Turks were the first who had broken the Peace and given just cause to the Christians to provide all cautions imaginable for their safety Yet I know not why nor wherefore there wanted not certain persons in the Court either emulous of Serini's Glory or zealous of the Emperors Interest who interpreted the activeness and forward heat of this Count to be like fire to enflame the Fuel of Controversie between the two Empires The just commendation of Count Serini yet certainly we cannot but meritoriously applaud the Heroick Spirit of this Prince who was provident of his Countries safety watchful of the Enemies Motion soon touched with the sense of the Mahometan infidelity and in fine a zealous Champion of the Christian Cause But now with what Salve or Balsome soever the Italian or Spanish Chirurgions of Politick Government imagined to obduct a callous over the smarts or wounds of these differing States the Breaches grew every day too wide to be drawn up or cemented by artificial compliances or verbal lenitives The Emperor sends Forces to Transilvania for now the succours promised by the Emperor were arrived in Transilvania under the Command of Count Montecuculi and joining with the Forces of Kemenius formed such a numerous and well composed Army as was judged not only sufficient to contend for the interest of the Christian Cause but also for the entire decision of the Worlds Dominion So that both Generals with an unanimous consent confident of Victory agreed not to expect the approach of Ali Pasha but boldly to meet and provoke him to Battel Ali the Turkish General perceiving the strength and resolution of the Christians thought it prudence for a while to detract from Engagement and temper the usual mettle of the Ottoman fury with cooler Counsels of advantage which delays and opportunities of time would administer for observing that the Transilvanians were divided into Factions he humoured the dissenting party The Turks Policy by constituting Michael Apafi their Prince a person in the flower and strength of his Age of great parts and abilities and one who violently affected the Principality having but lately purchased his freedom from slavery In this manner Apafi passing from his Prison and Chains to the glory and trouble of a Throne poor Transilvania remained divided and taking Arms against her self went daily working and contriving her own ruine This hath always been the Master-piece of the Turkish Policy and this disunion amongst Christians hath availed the Ottoman Interest more than their Swords and confirmed their obstinacy in Religion with a Miracle as if the division of Christian Princes which in late Ages have frustrated the holy designs against this common Enemy had been an effect of their Prayers and a Concession of Divine Providence to their daily Petitions So now the Transilvanians being divided great numbers of them revolted from Kemenius to Apafi Kemenius routed which not only weakned but discouraged the Christian Army with fear and confusion amidst of which Ali Pasha took his time to assault them not far from Cladiopolis and being assisted by the advantagious conjuncture of the present opportunity so wholly discomfited them that he killed and took 50000 persons which was the Issue of the present union and the exclusion of Kemenius who was now forced to abandon Transilvania and seek his refuge in Hungary Howsoever Kemenius could not here rest satisfied but revolving in his mind certain ways to recover his Principality obtained from Montecuculi some German Troops with which and with his own scattered Forces which at length he had collected into a Body he resolved to try his Fortune once more with the Turks and joining Battel with them not far from Presburg he fought with a resolution becoming the desperateness of his design either that day to Die or to Triumph The Fortune of that days conflict remained a long time doubtful so equal they seemed on both sides to be in their Courage in their Force and in their Conduct until at length the advantage of the Turks number prevailing Kemenius was forced to a disorderly retreat Kemenius a second put time to flight and afterwards to a confused flight in which being by one of his own Soldiers knocked from his Horse was trampled under foot the greatest part of his People remain'd a Sacrifice to the enraged Weapons of the Turks Apafi's party being greatly encouraged with this success joining with a body of the Turks laid Siege to Claudiopolis Claudiopolis besieged the Court of the Transilvanian Princes now Garisoned by German Soldiers and Governed by David Retani a right valiant and trusty Soldier who omitting nothing which might conduce to the defence and maintenance of the Town either by his care or valour made many successful Sallies upon the Enemy and tired and wearied them out in their Siege until at length General Schenidau then in Hungary gathering what force he could which were not above 6000 Men marched with all haste possible to the relief of Claudiopolis the report of whose approach arriving the Turkish Camp before his Person or Army and the common rumour and fear augmenting much their number the Turks were so terrifyed hereat that in haste and disorder they forsook their Siege after three Months continuance leaving great quantities of Victuals behind for want of Carriages and Beasts of burden Schenidau having gained this success and honour with so much facility he reinforced the Garison and returned with Triumph home The Siege raised carrying with him great Booties of Cattle and other spoils of the Enemy The defence of this place was accounted almost miraculous for

Princes Favour would again shine upon him Curdi These Curdi are called by some Writers Cordiaei from whence the Province had the name of Gordiene bordering on Assyria the Kingdom once of Zabienus who siding with Lucullus against Tigranes King of Armenia was by Tigranes murdered with his Wife and Children These People inhabit the Mountain Amanus dividing Syria from Cilicia which by reason of the difficult access thereunto was never yet subjected to the Ottoman Yoke they are said in former times to have worshipped a black Dog and dare not speak ill of the Devil not for love but fear But some report that have lately been amongst them that they have left off that hellish Superstition and embrace a certain sort of Religion mixed with Christianity and Turcism but yet without Baptism or Circumcision In brief they are a bad sort of gross People at the best contenting themselves with little Religion addicted to Blood and Robberies These Curdi or Gordeenes being a people retired keep within their Mountains are shy in their Conversation and Discourse and afford us little subject or opportunity of knowing with any Satisfaction their Religion or Manners but from such of our Country-men as have lately entertained Society with them we have this account They are seated on those Mountains as we have said before which of old are called Cordiaei or Gordiai beginning near Aleppo but running out as far as Persia they make shew of the Turkish Religion for fear but have in reality another of their own which permits them to eat Swines Flesh and drink Wine as the Druses and Kalbeenes Bacon being esteemed by them a particular Cordial or Restorative for the Sick. The chief Country and City of those near Aleppo is called Jeumee where they have a Convent of twelve Priests with a Superior over them and another of the like sort near Mosul or Nineveth The two Chiefs of these Monasteries meet at fixed times to consult for the good of the Common-weal Their Devotions are private in a Cave they tell us of but one Book which contains both their Law and their Rituals being asked what they thought of our Saviour they answered he was their Breath and their Soul at the name of Mahomet they Spit and with Nicodemus his Circumspection and Assurance of Secrecy they declared themselves and Christians the same which they would make appear so soon as they were delivered from their fear of Bondage to the Turk They say that they worship God and will not curse the Devil to which no Force or Power can compel them partly perhaps because they have heard of our Saviours Precept Bless and Curse not but rather because they hold that the Devil and his Followers shall one day be restored to their former seats of Blessedness and Dignity When their Priests are together and Wine brought in amongst them the Superior makes a sign for Silence and afterwards a short Admonition that Wine is the Blood of God. I have heard that a Capuchin Fryer was once invited amongst them with Promise to give him a sight of their Book of Rituals and being come to Jeumee was detained a day or two in a Cave on pretence that the other Superior of Mosul was then amongst them who being a severe Person if he knew of his being there would certainly put him to Death as one who came to alter their Religion upon which Suspicion the Capuchin forgetting his Curiosity fled for safety with all speed possible Their Priests are said to be Grave wearing black throughout their Garments plaited or quilted the Vestures of the Commonalty are agreeable to Mountainiers whose Natures are Rough and Boisterous addicted to Blood and Robbery the common Vice of those People I have heard that the Son of a Gourdeene Widow being killed by some of that Country She assembled her nearest Kindred and required them to bring her the Windpipe of the Murderer which when they had done She together with her Friends eat in it Revenge In fine their Religion may have some small Reliques of Christianity but mixt with the dregs of other Religions 'T is possible they may be of the Manichee Race Their Opinion of the Devils Restoration was once held in part by Origen that of Wine that it is the Blood of God was the Heathenish conceit of the Egyptian Priests Their whole Nation if well united may compose an Army of thirty or forty thousand Men. But to return to our purpose The news of the Flight of Mortaza to this Ignoble Prince troubled the Grand Signior who still retained some Impressions of kindness to his Person remembring his Generosity Valour and former Deserts the memory of which was encreased also by the Friends of Mortaza who wanted not in the Court to represent them with some Compassion arguing that his flight was not of Contumacy or Contempt to his Masters Protection but an effect of natural Preservation which worked so far on the Grand Signior that he immediately sent for the Vizier to enquire of him the State and Condition of Mortaza The Vizier to defend himself and make good what before he had counselled his Master aggravated his Adversary's Crimes and his Disobedience and Flight to an inconsiderable King with which and some other light Excuses and Perswasions that the removal of such a Person was agreeable to the present State of Affairs and conducing to his own Security easily pacified the Mind and Affections of the Grand Signior but no sooner was he returned to his House but advice was given him that the Emaum of Mortaza or his Priest or Chaplain was then at Constantinople whom the Vizier immediatly sent for and without any Plea or Indictment struck off his Head and threw his Body into to the Sea on pretence that he was sent thither as a Spy for his Master and to give Intelligence and a beginning to Rebellion These were his colours and allegations for his deserved Death for Governours though never so wicked and so absolute and that have no need to render any other cause to the World of their actions than their own will yet esteem it necessary to act under the specious guise of justice and in the good opinion of the multitude The Aga of Babylon encountred the same Fortune for Mortaza giving place he thought it fit for himself to do the like resolving for Constantinople but being intercepted in his Journey by the new Pasha his Head was struck off and his Journey shortned But that which again renewed the trouble and fears of the Vizier was a report that the late Kahya-begh degraded at Adrianople was secretly returned to the City and lived concealed giving such Orders to the Janizaries as tended to Mutiny and Insurrection and that the pretences and reports of his being gone to Damascus and thence in his holy Pilgrimage to Mecha were but all false stories to conceal his Residence at Constantinople This set the Vizier all on fire and made him tremble with the thoughts of it wherefore

The Count Nassau Count Charles of Bracondorf Captain of the Guards to Count Montecuculi Count Fuchier General of the Artillery of the Empire Collonel Pleiter with his Lieutenant Collonel and Serjeant Major and with many other Gentlemen of the French Nation who deserve for ever to be chronicled for their Virtue and Valour For herein the French Nation ought not to lose their just praise having made proofs of their Valour as well in this as in other Battels it being reported That Monsieur Coligni their General killed Thirty Turks with his own hand The News of this Victory being posted to Vienna it is wonderful to consider with what Applauses with what Honours with what Encomiums the Fame of Montecuculi was celebrated for besides the Triumphs with Fires sounding of Bells Banquets ●●d other demonstrations of solemn Joy the Glory of Montecuculi was the Theme of every Ballad sung in the corners of streets which Honours of the Commonalty were seconded by greater and more substantial of the Imperial Court who conferred upon him the Title of Lieutenant General of the whole Army a Dignity so eminent as is inferiour to none except the Emperor in order of the Militia and was not without some scruple granted to the Archduke Leopold by his Brother Ferdinand the Third and withheld from Piccolomini Duke of Amalfi until he had highly merited it and made his way to it through bloody fields where Providence first crowned him with Laurels of Success and Victory And here is just occasion for us to doubt why Montecuculi should be thus admired and loaded with Honours whilst the services of Serini and Soise were so far from being taken notice of that they seemed to effect the disgrace and ruine of these Worthies rather than to produce the favour of their Prince and the applause of their Country the natural Rewards of Valour and Virtue And indeed I cannot but confess I my self have wondred when in the Court of Vienna I have heard the Actions and Zeal of Serini so slightly spoken of or contemned when a Stranger took the liberty but to descant on his actions and to vent any thing which but savoured of his commendations The reason of which I adventure to assign unto two causes The first is that Antipathy or natural aversion the Germans have to the Hungarians and Croatians Reasons why the Services of Montecuculì were accepted better than those of Serini these endeavouring to maintain the Priviledges of a People who have a free liberty of the Election of their Prince whilst the others desirous to take occasion to weaken and impoverish them would necessitate them to yield their Kingdom to the Emperor by an hereditary Right The second is the fury of Serini and Soise whose zeal without consideration of irritating the Turk or fear of moving the passion of the Lyon beyond the terms of an easie pacification transported them to commit all damage and ruine which are the just concomitants of War which rage seemed over violent to the Court at Vienna and not to suit with the present Policy of the War which was designed to be carried on rather in a defensive than in an offensive posture imagining perhaps that the good nature of the Turk might be complemented into Peace and that gentleness and generosiry might have the same effect upon them as it had upon Saul when David had his life at his mercy and yet spared him according to which counsels of the Court Montecuculi squaring every particular of his motion and thereunto adding success mounted on the wings of Fame and had his Glory celebrated without diminutions but the hot and zealous temper of Serini which Souldier-like understood nothing but down-right blows knew not how to use that moderation and caution which the Imperial Court judged an ingredient so requisite to the prudent management of the present War that he was esteemed uncapable of command who had not discretion enough to practice it And this was the true reason that Serini was discountenanced and that his Command was taken from him and that his Appeal to the Court was without redress Howsoever in regard that the Fame he had won carried him high in the esteem of all Christendom he was entertained with hopes and fair promises and even after the very Sattel of Rab nothing was more commonly discoursed than the giving Nicholas Ser●●● 〈◊〉 command independent of any other General But in the end it proved nothing but vai● P●●●osals to humour the fancy of Serini himself● and to satisfie the World which admi●●l 〈◊〉 Person so qualified and deserving as he 〈◊〉 be made a subject of so much disgrace and 〈◊〉 With this News the Turk● 〈◊〉 greatly ashamed and dejected having but two days before demonstrated excesses of joy congratulated the happy News one to the other 〈◊〉 ●●●er their manner sent Presents abroad derided the Christians upon the News exprobriated them with a Thousand injuries and applauded their own Virtue Valour and the righteousness of their Cause and Religion But on a sudden Intelligence coming contrary to their expectations such a dampness fell upon their spirits that for some days there was a deep silence of all News at Constantinople they that the Day before sought for Christians to communicate to them the Miracles of their Victory now avoided their Company ashamed of their too forward joy and the liberty they had taken to contemn and deride the low condition of the Christian Camp And now the ill News not being able longer to be concealed Prayers and Humiliation were appointed publickly to be made at all the great Mo●chs of Constantinople and Adrianople where all Ema●ms with their young Scholars were commanded to resort and sing certain Prayers appointed for such occasions The minds of the Soldiery after this defeat were very much discomposed Sedition in the Turkish Camp. tending more to sedition than obedience Every one took licence to speak loudly and openly his opinion that the War was commenced upon unjust and unlawful grounds That the total Eclipse of the Moon which portends always misfortunes to the Turks should have caused more caution in the Commanders in ingaging the Armies this year until the malignancy of that Influence had been overpassed All generally accused the first Vizier as the Author and ill Manager of the War Tac in Vita Agricol● Iniquissima bellorum conditio est prospera omnes sibi vendicant adversa uni imputantur and calling to mind the solemn Oath with which Sultan Solyman confirmed his Capitulations with the Emperor particularly vowing never to pass the Rab or place where the Turks received their defeat without a solid and reasonable ground of War concluded that this Invasion was a violation of the Vow and an injury to the sacred Memory of that fortunate Sultan and therefore that all Enterprises and Attempts of this War would be fatal and destructive to the Mussulmen or Believers and the end dishonourable to the Empire This opinion was rooted with much

mean a provision for a person qualified to appear before his Master did as it is said out of his own Purse and generous Soul contribute a far greater Sum with two Vests of Sables towards his better Equipage In this manner the Sultan dissembling an appearance of good correspondence with his Christian Majesty dispatched away his Envoyé on the Ships of War being a Person in quality of a Mutafaraca one of the same degree with a Chaous to expostulate with the King concerning several Particulars and especially his Reasons for sending for his Ambassador without sending another according to ancient custom to supply his Office wondering much at this sudden alteration of friendship without any cause given on the Ottoman side and with these smooth and fair words the Turks imagined they might charm the Spirit of the King for a while and suspend his Succours from Candia until at last it were beyond his power and wisdom to relieve In the mean time the Ambassador from the most Christian King was detained as an Hostage for the other of whose return we shall speak in its due place Towards the end of this year Sir Daniel Harvey Lord Ambassador from His Majesty of Great Britain arrived at Constantinople Sir Daniel Harvey Ambassador from his Majesty succeeding in the place of the Earl of Winchelsea who could not obtain Audience with the G. Signior until the end of the following year by reason of the Sultans unsetled abode and far distance who at length coming to Salonica summoned the Ambassador thither and there conferred on him the usual Ceremonies and Honours due to the Ambassador at first Reception Candia was now hardly assailed in four places A Relation of the state of Candia toward the end of this year viz. on the side of Betlem Panigra St. Andrea and Sabionera These places being twice stormed in which the Turks lost thirty thousand men so many Mines and Fornelli were fired that the ground lay open like a vast abyss with strange heaps of confused and undigested Earth and hindred the Enemy from approaching to the Wall but Sabionera and St. Andrea being esteemed the most weak because they were not fortified by any considerable Out-works or compassed with any depth of Ditch were pressed and forced upon by the Turk with more violence than any parts of the City The Enemy having by their great number of Pioniers elevated the confused Earth they formed some Batteries fortifying them and sheltering their people with Sacks of Wool and a Labyrinth as we may say of Redoubts they advanced foot by foot upon the Revelin of St. Andrea being destitute of all Mines to stop their proceedings and having at length blown up the Revelin and with fire and earth having taken the Out-work they penetrated into the Ditch which was not deep with four Traverses and came now to the very foot of the wall of the Bulwark fortified with eighteen pieces of Cannon six of which carrying fifty pound Bullet shot into the Ditch eight flanked that side which was opposite to Panigra and four on that part towards the Revelin of St. Spirito notwithstanding which they stormed the Walls in nine places And beginning to make a breach by firing certain Mines which opened a wideness of forty two paces at the point of that Bulwark and continuing their breaches towards the Sea breaking in their way the Front of the Fort Priulo they proceeded almost to the Gate of St. Andrea and opened forty eight paces more in all ninety paces Afterwards they ruined the remainder of the Wall and that which was called the Scotch Fort to the very Sea so that the Christians were forced to retire from their Out-works and contract their Precincts to the Walls of the City To add unto the misery of this place an unfortunate shot from the Turks Camp entred that Magazine which was near St. Peter Church where the artificial Fires were made and meeting several shells of Granadoes already charged with thirty Barrels of Powder all took fire and blew into the air and burned all the houses which were near thereunto At this unlucky accident the Besieged fearing a general assault and seeing the Turkish Horse draw into a Body near Sabionera the whole Garrison ran to the Walls but no farther Attempt being made towards evening they blew up a Lodge of the Enemy with all the people that were therein Anno Christi 1669. Hegeira 1080. TOwards the end of the last Year and at the beginning of this the Turks began to open their eyes and find themselves defrauded with the grossest cheat that ever was imposed on a people who had either reason or humanity For now three or four years had ran on that the French Dutch Italians and other Nations had introduced into all parts of the Turkish Dominions unless in those Eastward as Aleppo The story of the false Reaux or Temins and farther a sort of small Mony called by some Luigini by others Ottavi and by the Turks Temins worth about five pence English which appearing pleasant and bright to the eye and commodious for change and common expences so bewitched the Commonalty that Pieces of Eight Zaichins and other merchantable Money were laid aside as neither currant or valuable At first about nine years past they were of good and warrantable Silver but afterwards with time by little and little grew worse and of baser alloy at length the people doting more and more upon them they came coarser every day than other and being still currantly passable every person that was failed and of bad reputation entred into the Trade who knowing no bounds of honesty or of gain composed their Mony wholly of Copper or coarser Metals with a fair gloss and resemblance of Silver buying therewith the Commodities of the Country and at length amassed up all the Gold Silver and whatsoever came to hand was the price of their false and bastard Coin with which they filled and abused all Asia nor was this Money only of one Mint but of divers Stamps and Mottoes reproachful to the Turks and it is pity they had not wit enough to understand them as namely Voluit hanc Asia mercem De procul pretiam ejus and such like which were so various that many who had the curiosity to make a collection of them found no less than an hundred and twenty several Stamps The Commonalty still enamoured with the brightness of their colour and commodiousness of their change little reflected on the ill consequence to the generality having seldom more than to supply their daily wants And the Officers of the the Customs finding a benefit extraordinary to themselves upon the vast Sums of Money imported little cared how it fared with the publick In the mean time the whole currant of Merchandise in the Levant was dispossessed of its ordinary and true chanel for vast quantities or a glut of Turkish Goods filled all Christendom the prices low and cheap and no profit to any Merchant

Constantinople for the most Serene Republick who to oppose the high Clamours of these Complainants shewed Courage and accompanied his Answers with Prudence and Resolution which are often very convincing in the Turkish Court. They alledged that the Peace was broken He answered That it would not be the first time and that they ought not to yield entire Credit to the Relation of Persons passionate and partial in their own Cause that such Accidents as these were as ordinary and common in the World as Cold and Heat as fair and foul Weather and that so soon as the Error was discovered and the Gally known not to belong to Barbary but to the Grand Signior it was punctually and entirely restored with all the Excuses imaginable In short this Business which had so bad an Aspect at the first by the dexterity of this Minister and giving something to Dervis Bei whereby to stop his Mouth the Complaint ceased and all farther Proceedings were superseded The Wars in Persia being unsuccessful it was proposed in Council that a Peace should be made if possible with Abassa Pasha that his Demands Proposals of Accommodation with Abassa whatsoever they were should be granted and promises given him of Honours and Preferment But the inveterate Enmity and Hate which the Janisaries bore him and the difficulty there was to perswade Abassa that the Overtures made him were free and candid and not mixed with Treachery and Design were Obstructions not to be obviated or overcome Wherefore Abassa keeping mutual Intelligence with the Persians and receiving assistance and succours from them was become very formidable and strong and the Town of Erzirum well fortified with Works and a numerous Garrison Howsoever the Janisaries his mortal Enemies pressing the Vizier to proceed against him at length obliged him to besiege the Place which having done and closely begirt it Erzirum besieged the most forward and brave amongst the Janisaries were the first to scale the Walls but were repulsed by the valour of stout and resolute Souldiers for they knowing that there was no other safety but in their Arms and no other Mercy than an ignominious Death being the just Reward of their Rebellion refused to give or receive Quarter Wherefore they made frequent Sallies on the Enemy and as many Janisaries of them as they took Prisoners they immediately hanged about the Walls as a spectacle of Horror to their Associates This Resolution and Cruelty deterred the Turks from their frequent Assaults and Storms made upon the Town and the many Batteries and Fortifications rendred the Place almost impregnable so that there seemed no other hopes to remain but to overcome them by a long Siege and Famine But Abassa had so well provided against this Danger with such plenty of Provisions that the Turkish Army began to be more straitned for want of Sustenance than the Besieged so that becoming weary and discouraged amidst so many Difficulties they raised the Siege with such disorder and haste The Siege raised that they left several Pieces of Cannon behind them and retiring with some confusion were charged in the Rear so that many Janisaries fell a Sacrifice to the hate and revenge of the Enemy The News of this Success coming to Constantinople was ill received but the Disaster thereof according to the usual Custom was attributed to the Vizier who was General for which Cause he was deprived of his Office and the Selictar Aga who carries the Sword before the Grand Signior was put into his place a Person of a fierce bloody and cruel Disposition To these New Troubles from Tattary new troubles were added out of Tartary For Mahomet the King of that Country exalted to the Princely Dignity as we have already declared by the Favour and Election of that People though contrary to the sense and pleasure of the Port was now fallen from the good esteem which they conceived for him because he gave some hindrance to their usual Incursions on the Polonians and Cossacks out of memory and gratitude to the assistance they had contributed towards his Election for which reason being as it were famished for want of their usual Depredations they refused to obey his Commands and then openly threw off their Obedience to him as their Prince The Turks who always envied this Dignity to Mahomet rejoiced to see this Discord between him and his People and therefore thought it time to make use of this occasion to re-instate Gherey the elder Brother into the possession of his Kingdom whom the Turks for his better security having placed at Rhodes the usual Retirement of the Tartarian Princes dispatched a Squadron of Gallies to fetch him from thence to Constantinople where being arrived he was received with a magnificent and Princely Entertainment by the Sultan that so the Fame thereof forerunning his arrival in Tartary the people might be better prepared to concur with the Port in their acceptance of him for their King. He was afterwards conducted to Caffa the Grand Signior's Town in Tartary with a strong Fleet of fifty Gallies where at his first landing he was received by Cant-Emir a rich and powerful Tartar and Chief of the Turkish Faction and by many others with great honour and solemnity with whom also a considerable Party most willingly engaged But the Cossacks of Poland and Circassians Friends to Mahomet the Brother joyning their Troops to his Forces became too Strong for the Turks for giving them Battel near the Inclosures of the Danube at a place called Bandet they defeated them and killed three or four thousand of their Men putting all to Fire and Sword round about and entring on the Seas with their Fleet of Boats took five of the Turkish Gallies with which ill Success the Tartars which took part with Cant-Emir being discouraged abandoned their Colours and fled so that Cant-Emir was forced to take Sanctuary in Caffa which being a Town belonging to the Grand Signior it was hoped that the reverence they owed to that Name would cause them to refrain all Violence thereunto But the Tartars provoked by this late effusion of Blood lost all respect to that Government so that besieging the Town they assaulted and took it and therein the Son of Cant-Emir whom they cut in pieces the Father escaping in a disguise from the City The News hereof arriving at Constantinople was greatly displeasing and caused many serious Debates and Consultations thereupon the wisest and most sober of the Council was for dissembling the Matter and with their usual dexterity to suffer what they could not remedy for that it was by no means advisable in the present conjuncture of Affairs to proceed unto an open Rupture with the Tartars fearing lest the Christians Persians and other Enemies should make a benefit of this Occasion and joyning with a Nation so strong in Horse should dangerously press upon the Empire and force them to the ultimate extremity of Affairs Wherefore an Envoy Extraordinary was sent to the Tartars who

covering the inward sentiments of Regret and Anger which the Sultan conceived for the late Disgrace seemed to wonder at the Cause and Reason of the last Engagement as if it had been acted without the knowledg or order of the Grand Signior and thus with gentle Terms insinuating that the Surrender of Caffa would be very acceptable to the Port and that which would atone for all miscarriages and be such an offering of Pacification as would reconcile all past Differences and restore a perfect Correspondence between the Sultan and them the Tartars readily assented to the Demand upon condition that the Turks should impose no other King upon them than him whom by general consent they had elected for their Prince Though Differences were thus concluded with the Tartars yet the Cossacks continued still their Enmities entring the Black Sea with eighty Saicks which they so infested that the Turks could for that Year avail themselves little of their Navigation in those Seas so that the Turks to curb these Insolencies gave Orders to build two Forts at the Mouth of the Black Sea the Polish Ambassador made Complaint hereof and protested against it as an Act contrary to the Capitulations of Peace but the Turks esteem little of the Air of Bravadoes whilst they are not accompanied with something else more solid than their own Levity But the grand Concernments which busied the Thoughts of the Turks was the Rebellion of Abassa and the War in Persia the management of which was the charge and care of the Selictar Aga lately made Vizier called Serches Pasha His Head-quarters were at the beginning of this Year taken up at Iconium called by the Turks Conie and Abassa was encamped at Kaisaria against whom the Vizier marched and being nearly approached the Janisaries earnestly urged that Battel might be given the Enemy but the Vizier having received Instructions not to engage if possible but rather to enter into a Treaty and to propose Terms of Accommodation delayed the Time and with various Excuses eluded the present premures of the Janisaries at which they became so angry that they flew into an open Mutiny The Janisaries mutiny cutting the Cords of his Tents stoning him and wounding him in the Head by which open Violence the Vizier being compelled to make known his Orders he assembled the chief Commanders of the Spahees and Janisaries giving them to understand that the Grand Signior's Pleasure was to make up the Difference with Abassa as the only means to conclude an intestine and unnatural War and to be able to withstand the Persians and regain the Country and Reputation which the Turks had lost This Proposition seemed plausible to the Commanders at the General Assembly and more especially because it was the Pleasure and Injunction of the Grand Signior but more difficult it was to incline the rough and obstinate minds of the Janisaries to a resolutian so different to their Natures and so contrary to that Revenge which they had deeply rooted in their Hearts and sworn to execute howsoever the perswasions which the Officers used to their inferiour Souldiers putting them in memory of the Blood of their Companions and how destructive the continuance of such a War must necessarily prove for the future by those large effusions of Blood which they must expect farther to make were so prevalent upon them that at length they condescended to a Treaty They consent to treat with Abassa and to receive Abassa for a Friend and a Fellow-Souldier Abassa at first suspecting some Treachery refused to give a private meeting to the Vizier but the Vizier giving his Brother the Beglerbegh of Caramania and the Pasha of Anatolia for Hostages the Day and Place for a Conference was appointed where both Parties meeting Articles were agreed That Abassa should still continue to be Pasha of Erzirum his Son Pasha of Bosra his Cahya or Lieutenant to be Pasha of Marasch all which were Places on the Confines of Persia a general Act of Pardon and Amnestie was to be given to Abassa and his whole Army and the Articles sworn unto in the most solemn manner by the Vizier and confirmed in the publick Camp of the Janisaries who also promised to maintain this Word and Promise of the Vizier to all which the Grand Signior gave his Hand and affixed his Royal Signature Abassa reconciled to the Grand Signior A Reconciliation being in this manner compleated the City of Erzirum resigned it self to the Obedience of the Grand Signior and the Army of Abassa was employed on the Confines of Persia and converted against the Enemy The Vizier also was appointed to proceed on the same Enterprise but his Army was so ill provided of all Necessaries that he made his Excuse and refused to march forward But on the contrary he returned to Constantinople in company with Abassa where with many demonstrations of Friendship and Respect he was conducted to the presence of the Grand Signior to receive Honour and the Reward of his Penitence and return to Obedience The approach of these two great Personages near to Constantinople made much noise and rumor in the City some blamed the weakness of the Government for accepting an Enemy unto Favour and that the crowning of his Rebellion with Rewards was to encourage others in the like Practices The Vizier was also murmured against for leaving the Army and the War The Vizier and Abassa make their Entry into Constantinople contrary to the Royal Command by such as were emulous of his Greatness But as Envy is converted into Veneration and ceases as Smoke doth when it is blown up by the Flame of Success and Glory so those who were emulous of these Persons submitted to all obsequious Offices towards them and dissembling their Malice went to meet them as far as Scutari that they might add to their Train and Equipage and help at the Solemnity of their Entrance All People now cast their Eyes on the Vizier and Abassa as the two great Men of this Age the first was esteemed for his dexterous and successful management in bringing over Abassa to his Submission and Obedience for though he was not famed much for his great Feats of Arms yet this Reconciliation of Abassa was accounted a Master-piece of Policy and better Service than a Victory Abassa also drew the Eyes of the People who crowded to see so great a Captain that could contend with the Port and put all Asia into Disturbance and in conclusion could make the same Arms serve his Master which had lately before given a check and stop to all the Ottoman Force The Vizier was the first introduced to the Royal Presence where being graciously received he was presented with a Vest of Sables and a Cemiter set with Jewels Abassa was afterwards admitted and having performed his Obeisance by touching the Ground with his Forehead after their fashion he declared That he never was other than a faithful Vassal to the Sultan and that he had taken up Arms